Summary High-value fruit crops are exposed to a range of environmental conditions that can reduce fruit quality. Solar injury (SI) or sunburn is a common disorder in tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate climates and is related to: 1) high fruit surface temperature; 2) high visible light intensity; and, 3) ultraviolet radiation (UV). Positional changes in fruit that are caused by increased weight or abrupt changes that result from Summer pruning, limb breakage, or other damage to the canopy can expose fruit to high solar radiation levels, increased fruit surface temperatures, and increased UV exposure that are higher than the conditions to which they are adapted. In our studies, we examined the effects of high fruit surface temperature, saturating photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR), and short-term UV exposure on chlorophyll fluorescence, respiration, and photosynthesis of fruit peel tissues from tropical and temperate fruit in a simulation of these acute environmental changes. All tropical fruits (citrus, macadamia, avocado, pineapple, and custard apple) and the apple cultivars 'Gala', 'Gold Rush', and 'Granny Smith' increased dark respiration (A0) when exposed to UV, suggesting that UV repair mechanisms were induced. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II ( II) were unaffected, indicating no adverse effects on photosystem II (PSII). In contrast, 'Braeburn' apple had a reduced Fv/Fm with no increase in A0 on all sampling dates.There was a consistent pattern in all studies.When Fv/Fm was unaffected by UV treatment, A0 increased significantly. Conversely, when Fv/Fm was reduced by UV treatment, then A0 was unaffected. The pattern suggests that when UV repair mechanisms are effective, PSII is adequately protected, and that this protection occurs at the cost of higher respiration. However, when the UV repair mechanisms are ineffective, not only is PSII damaged, but there is additional short-term damage to the repair mechanisms, indicated by a lack of respiration to provide energy.


The utility model provides a communication apparatus with incoming call prompt, comprising a storing unit for storing an incoming call prompt list, the incoming call prompt list can record different incoming call information and prompt light colors corresponding to the incoming call information one-to-one; a receiving unit for receiving the incoming call information of a calling party; an indicating lamp unit for generating lights with different colors; a processing unit electrically connected with the indicating lamp unit for comparing the incoming call prompt list according to the received incoming call information to determine the corresponding prompt light color, and controls the indicating lamp unit to generate the corresponding color light, so that the user can recognize the identification information of the calling party through the light generated by the indicating lamp unit.


Lui, H.Y., Potter, M.P., Woodworth, K.Y., Yorks, D.M., Petty, C.R., Wozniak, J.R., et al. (2011). Pharmacologic treatments for pediatric bipolar disorder: a review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 749-762. Pavuluri, M.N., Henry, D.B., Findling, R.L., Parnes, S., Carbray, J.A., Mohammed, T., et al. (2010). Double-blind randomized trial of risperidone versus divalproex in pediatric bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorder, 12, 593-605.


This paper presents an overview of minimum cross entropy method, which has been used extensively in many areas such as signal/image processing, pattern recognition and statistical inference. In application, we are mainly concerned with the problem of determining probability distributions of the number of divorces by age group measured in 2001 by using minimum cross entropy principle. Minimum cross entropy distributions are found for both husband and wife individuals.


Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growers must balance complex interactions among cultivars, planting dates, environmental and physiological stresses during the growing season, and weather conditions at harvest when determining when to dig peanut. Ten field experiments were conducted in North Carolina from 1994 through 1996 to determine the influence of digging date on pod yield and gross return of virginia-type peanut. Beginning in mid- to late September, the cultivars NC 9, NC 10C, NCV-11, VA-C 92R, AgraTech (AT) VC-1, and NC 12C were dug on four dates approximately 7 d apart. Considerable variation in pod yield and gross return was noted among cultivars and experiments. Delaying digging increased pod yield and gross return in some but not all experiments. Greater variation in pod yield and gross return was observed for NC 10C than for AT VC-1 when compared across digging dates. Pod yield and gross return for NC9, NC V-11, VA-C 92R, and NC 12C were intermediate between NC 10C and AT VC-1. Of the cul...


Abstract The liquid crystal display device using guest-host interactions has. attracted interest recently because of displaying color and wide viewing angle. This paper describes dyes with high dichroic ratio, and proposes two new types of the guest-host cell being more useful than usual one. One of them is the cell with twisted molecular alignment and has sharper threshold voltage than the usual cell with homogeneous alignment. The other one with small pretilt from homeotropic alignment is made of a host nematic with negative dielectric anisotropy and is the positive type display device with high color contrast. The optimal pretilt angle of this cell is also clarified.


We report a case of an 81-year-old man with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in chronic hemodialysis with severe hypocalcaemia secondary to the intake of a parapharmaceutical containing sodium and potassium citrate and in association with poor dialysis efficiency, due to malfunction of the vascular access, which promptly resolved after discontinuation of the supplement. The patient never showed signs or symptoms of hypocalcaemia. This case highlightens the importance of a correct pharmacological reconciliation in dialysis patients in order to avoid the onset of adverse events due to the uncontrolled intake of drugs or parapharmaceuticals.


Abstract New records of Cecidomyiidae, Dixidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera) are presented from various localities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Three species of Cecidomyiidae, four species of Dixidae and two species of Mycetophilidae are new to the Czech Republic. One species of Cecidomyiidae, two species of Dixidae and two species of Mycetophilidae are new to Slovakia. Problems with the interpretation of the species Dixella nigra (Staeger, 1840) and Dixella bankowskae (Vaillant, 1969) are also commented on.


(57) the alloy product for use as damage resistance products for aerospace applications, including [Abstract fuselage skin material. Aluminum alloy compositions, magnesium about 3-7%, about 0.03 to 0.2 weight percent zirconium, about 0.2 to 1.2 wt% of manganese, silicon up to 0.15 wt% and containing scandium, erbium, yttrium, gadolinium, a dispersed phase forming elements about 0.05-0.5 wt% selected from the group consisting of holmium and hafnium, the remainder being aluminum, incidental elements and impurities.


Soil salinity and sodicity are twin problems potentially affecting soil fertility, farmers’ livelihoods and food security. Management and control of these problems, particularly on irrigated farmlands require knowledge and expertise crafted through appropriate models and experiments. The accumulation of salts on the soil profiles may occur through natural processes (of weathering of soil minerals, saline groundwater intrusion), as well as by human actions, that are mostly related to poor agricultural and irrigation practices. While accumulation of salt in soil water impedes crop evapotranspiration, sodicity (abundance of sodium cations among others) threatens the soil structure and degrades its hydraulic qualities. These problems are more pervasive in arid and semi-arid regions, where inadequate precipitation rates compared to evapotranspiration limit leaching of salts and facilitates their accumulation in productive topsoil. Therefore, irrigation and agricultural practices are crucial in controlling these problems to avoid their undesired consequences.
We build a dynamic simulation model of salinization and sodification in soil layers so as to test the impact of alternative irrigation practices with respect to water quality, quantity and schedule, on soil fertility and farm yields. The model is developed based on the system dynamics methodology, providing a feedback rich understanding of hydraulic, solute, and crop processes. While the hydraulic flow is the driver of solute transport, salinity and sodicity influences the hydraulic flows through their impact on evapotranspiration and hydraulic conductivity. The crop growth and its demand for evapotranspiration at various stages of development is modeled, considering available moisture and the accumulation of salts in the rootzone. Moreover, the model investigates farmers’ response to salinity and sodicity through adoption of different irrigation practices and crop choices, so as to observe the long-term development of the problem under the conditions of adaptive management.
The model has a generic theoretical structure that benefits from soil physics to formulate the complex processes of hydraulic flows and solute transport. Model parameter values are selected as representative of the field conditions of Konya Plain in Turkey, which is a semi-arid region partially experiencing soil salinization problems. As a part of the research project entitled, “Soil Salinity and Sodicity Management by Sustainable Irrigation Practices in Konya Plain”, the Interdisciplinary Multi-Institutional Network, during model validation phase, we will utilize data from the soil experiments that are conducted by our research partners. These data will include, however will not be limited to the experimentally characterized porosity and hydraulic conductivity curves. Ultimately, the model will provide an experimental platform to manage and control soil salinity and sodicity under different environmental conditions and farmer responses.

Keywords: Soil Salinity, Soil Sodicity, System Dynamics, Irrigation, Agriculture

Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [Project Number: TUBITAK-118Y343]


This paper describes noun phrases in Zahrani Spoken Arabic (ZSA). A noun phrase is shown to contain different structures. It may have a simple structure containing a noun, a pronoun or a noun with a modifier like adjectives, numerals, quantifiers or demonstratives. It may also have a complex structure in which it consists of more than one adjective or more than one modifier. The word order of any noun phrase is connected to the semantic category of the adjective. The agreement system in NPs depends on the position of the adjective (or the modifier) with its head noun.


A UV-curable acrylic polyurethane(UV-PUA) lacquer film containing spirooxazine(SO) compound was prepared.Photochromic properties of the spirooxazine in the lacquer film and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) film were studied in details.It was found that the acrylic polyurethane lacquer film containing SO turned to blue,purple from colorless during the UV curing process.After removing UV light source,the film discolored to pink gradually and could change reversibly between pink and purple;while SO-PMMA film could change reversibly between colorless and blue.Ultraviolet irradiation of the UV-SO-PUA film led to double absorption peaks(520 nm and 600 nm) in the visible region of UV-Vis absorption spectra,while ultraviolet irradiation only led to single peak(605 nm) for the SO-PMMA film.The stability of open form of SO in UV-PUA film was better than in SO-PMMA film at room temperature.The fatigue resistance of SO in UV-PUA film was much better than those of it in PMMA film.UV-SO-PUA film didn't appear the fatigue phenomenon after ultraviolet irradiation of 16 h.The SO in UV-PUA film show excellent photochromic properties and this character is not reported.


Numerical results for the three mono-energetic transport coefficients required for a complete neoclassical description of stellarator plasmas have been benchmarked within an international collaboration. These transport coefficients are flux-surface-averaged moments of solutions to the linearized drift kinetic equation which have been determined using field-line-integration techniques, Monte Carlo simulations, a variational method employing Fourier–Legendre test functions and a finite-difference scheme. The benchmarking has been successfully carried out for past, present and future devices which represent different optimization strategies within the extensive configuration space available to stellarators. A qualitative comparison of the results with theoretical expectations for simple model fields is provided. The behaviour of the results for the mono-energetic radial and parallel transport coefficients can be largely understood from such theoretical considerations but the mono-energetic bootstrap current coefficient exhibits characteristics which have not been predicted.


"In 1968 the Oregon Fish Commission (now Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife)initiated P.L. 88-309 funded studies to develop techniques to spawn and rear several species of bay clams. After our successful spawning and rearing studies, we planted the laboratory-produced juvenile clams on various tideflats of several estuaries to evaluate their growth and survival (Figures A-F in Appendix).

This report summarizes the results of our field work on Yaquina, Netarts,
Tillamook, Alsea, Coos and Coquille estuaries." (Introduction)

"Information Report 78-4" on cover.


Environmental decision making is a complex process confounded by technical uncertainty, political pressure, and social interests. New calls for environmental decision-making frameworks emphasize the need for an holistic approach that incorporates technical and non-technical expertise, and participation by all affected and interested parties. In this paper, we analyze the evaluation of an environmental regulatory program to characterize the interaction of science and policy and the processing of uncertainty using concepts from science and technology studies. This demonstrates the influence of institutional goals and commitments on the uptake and use of science and the processing of uncertainty in the regulatory process. We discuss the implications of such analyses on the development of new environmental decision-making frameworks.


The present invention provides one kind of a printing plate for offset printing. The printing plate comprising a substrate and a plurality of recesses on the substrate, the pattern printing plate. At least one of the at least one auxiliary pattern is located at the bottom of the concave pattern printing plate, and the side remote from the concave printing plate pattern. Therefore, even if a plurality of internal voids to functional portions of the pattern, but the area is very small and each of the internal void portion are isolated.


This paper presents a transport layer design for the audio and video transmission application over the next-generation network,based on the existing Direct Show media framework,in which there are some work and breakthrough of network applications.The implement supports not only IPv4 network but also for the forthcoming large-scale IPv6 networks,with the IP layer protocol-independent transmission;using the RTP / RTCP transport mechanism controls the quality of the unique Direct Show network transmission service,and the fact that the media transmission of Direct Show is generally limited to the specific media format is pulled down,through the unique method of the audio and video head information transmission;meanwhile the design also can support multicast transmission.The theory and experiment show that a high-performance audio and video transmission system over the next-generation networks can be rapidly constructed via this design.


Advances in technology, business mix, globalization, sluggish oil price and high staff turnover combined with the benefits of diverse workforce has provided the solid basis for the worldwide oil and gas industry to recruit and retain a multicultural workforce made up of the best and most qualified talents to remain competitive and increase their overall effectiveness irrespective of the size of their organizations.
 To achieve their bottom line, oil and gas industry need to embrace diversity as a workforce strategy and promote social inclusion and equal opportunities amongst all their workers. Organizations that adopt diversity as a workforce strategy are committed to fair treatment of all regardless of their ethnic origin, race, marital status, disability, colour, social class, trade union membership, nationality, sexual identity, religious beliefs, age and any other discriminatory factors.
 In spite of the direct effect of workforce diversity on company performance based on plethora of research, there is a gap in knowledge on the barriers to smooth implementation of diversity as a workforce strategy by the worldwide Oil and Gas Industry.
 It is also worrisome that only limited research exist that have evaluated the barriers to effective implementation of diversity as a workforce strategy by the worldwide Oil and Gas Industry. The need to do this constitutes the focus of this study and the findings of this research work will be useful to all stakeholders in the worldwide oil and gas Industry.
 This give rise to the purpose of this research work which is to examine the barriers to smooth Implementation of diversity as a workforce strategy by the worldwide oil and gas Industry.
 This paper presents the findings on the barriers to smooth implementation of diversity as a workforce strategy by the worldwide oil and gas Industry. This study will be underpinned by relevant literatures and views of some practitioners in the Industry.


Moliere's Bourgeois gentilhomme has come to be viewed as the pinnacle of the author's achievements in the genre of the comedie-ballet. As Charles Mazouer remarks, "Tous les agrements de la musique et de la danse y sont comme recapitules avec une maitrise epoustouflante: chansons, serenades, actions dansees, ceremonie burlesque se succedent; et jamais les ornements n'ont ,ete, si heureusement integres, si naturels et si necessaires."(2) Yet this formal integration seems to translate itself to the plot only with difficulty, as the play moves rapidly between very different scenes and subjects. This variety of content, and even of subject, poses evident problems for interpretation. Reading the play as the story of a ridiculous merchant's desire to become a nobleman can reduce the Turkish ceremony to an incidental, albeit ingenious, method of humiliation, while concentrating on the Turkish ceremony and its sources can obscure the central role of Monsieur Jourdain.(3) In addition, the closing ballet des nations, while not unrelated to the body of the work,(4) further clouds both of these readings of the play to such an extent that the ballet is rarely reproduced in anthologies or on the stage. I believe that the seeming fragmentation of the plot of the Bourgeois gentilhomme can be explained, if not resolved, by turning away from the prevalent interpretation of the play as a critique of increasing social mobility in Louis XIV's France, and turning toward the intricacies of French-Turkish relations during the rime of the work's composition. Using the instructions that Louis XIV issued to his ambassadors to Turkey during the years surrounding the play's performance in Chambord, I advance the theory that the themes of identity, unity, and money traditionally (and correctly) seen as central to the Bourgeois gentilhomme are not unrelated to similar issues facing the French state, issues in which Turkey played a singular and important role. Indeed, I hold that Moliere's complex response to Louis XIV's desire to see Turkey ridiculed on stage is by no means limited to the ceremonie turque, but runs throughout the play, providing the link between what are only apparently disjointed episodes. As has been often noted, the Bourgeois gentilhomme has its origin in a diplomatic dispute. In 1670, Louis XIV asked Moliere and Lully to compose a divertissement for the court that would compensate for the lack of respect shown to him by Soliman Aga, the ambassador that the Turkish "Grand Seigneur" had sent to France a year before. Soliman Aga arrived for his audience with the king underdressed and unimpressed by the efforts the court had made to communicate Louis XIV's unsurpassable grandeur. To make matters worse, he obliged the French monarch to descend from his throne in order to receive his master's letter, thereby forcing Louis XIV into symbolic subservience to the Turkish empire. A diplomatic slight of this sort would have been shocking under any circumstances, but given the importance and nature of French-Turkish relations during the time, this episode was particularly damaging to the identity and even unity of the French state that Louis XIV sought to project. As Louis XIV repeatedly informs his diplomats in their instructions, before his reign, France had enjoyed a privileged and unique relationship with Turkey. He points out that "avant l'annee 1535 aucun prince chretien n'avoit ny trait, ny capitulation avec la Porte, qu'en cette annee la Francois premier fit les premier traites ou capitulations avec sultan Soliman, empereur des Turcs, par l'entremise du sieur de la Forest."(5) These negotiations enabled France to monopolize trade with the Orient; as the instructions given to La Haye-Vantelet, the French ambassador sent to Turkey in 1665, state: Depuis ladite annee 1535 ... les Francois ayant etably leur commerce dans les estats du Grand Seigneur, y apporterent de tres grands avantages, d'autant que non seulement ils acheterent les marchandises qui sont en abondance dans ses estats et y porterent celles de l'Europe qui leur estoient necessaires, mais mesme attirerent au travers des estats du Grand Seigneur une bonne partie des marchandises des Indes et de Perse, pour les distribuer dans l'Europe, et augmenterent notablement les douanes du Grand Seigneur par le moyen des droits d'entree et de sortie de ces marchandises. …


An experiment was undertaken at Bijaya milk production cooperative Ltd, Chitwan and its milk shed command area of western Chitwan covering a period from 2nd February to 2nd May, 2012. The study was accomplished in two phases viz. field survey and laboratory analysis with lactoscan and adulteration test. The survey findings revealed that most of the farmers (95%) knew the basic importance and the procedures to be adopted for quality milk production however they were lacking putting them into practice. Majority of farms (78.75%) used maize and bran as principal ingredients of concentrate. Most of the farms (81.25%) supplied green throughout the year and there 90% farms maintained their animals under stall feeding. Less than fifty percent farmers (43.75%) practiced hand washing with soap before milking and rest (56.25%) washed their hands by common water only. Majority of farmers (83.75%) practiced udder washing by water only. Laboratory analyses were carried out by taking 128 raw milk samples fortnightly from different MCCs in order to analyse fat, SNF, protein, electrical conductivity, sp. gravity and water. Sixty four samples from Bijayanagar, Gadhi, Saranpur, Chowki, Haraiya, Narayanchowk, Shantichowk and Bangai were considered for the study of adulteration by substances like sugar, salt, starch, neutralizer, urea etc. The data indicated that 1.56 and 3.12; 3.12 and 3.12; 3.12 and 3.12; 1.56 and 1.56; 1.56 and 3.12 percent for salt and sugar respectively for the MCC Bijayanagar, Gadhi, Saranpur, Chowki and Bangai. However, the values of 4.68% for sugar and 1.56% of the samples were adulterated by salt respectively for Haraiya and Narayanchowk. None of the samples were adulterated with any substances in Shantichowk. As a whole, none of the MCC showed any other adulterants. The highest and the lowest values for fat, SNF, protein, conductivity, specific gravity and water content location wise were Chowki and Bijayanagar; Saranpur and Haraiya; Bijayanagar and chowki and Bijayanagar and Saranpur respectively. Rest of the location indicated the values within these. Similarly, period wise, highest and lowest values for fat, SNF, protein, conductivity and water content were 3rd and 7th; 7th and 4th; 7th and 4th; 7th and 1st; 7th and 4th; 4th and 3rd fortnight respectively. The result obtained from the study on the quality of raw milk from different places of western Chitwan indicated that the current situation need improvement from adulteration point of view as most of the samples were adulterated from salt and sugar. However, none of the samples were found to be adulterated by starch, neutralizer and urea.


The tectonic and metamorphic evolution of this Pre-Cambrian complex is discussed in terms of field relationships and petrofabrics. Events are sum marized in tabular form and correlated with those in the Amphibolite facies terrain immediately to the north. Doleritic sheets, originally intruded into metasediments, now form a 'Py ribolite Series' showing a variety of assemblages inherited from successive metamorphisms. An 'Arendalite Series' of charnockitic, enderbitic and more intermediate lithologies is thought to have formed by Granulite facies alter ation of pre-existing metasediments and migmatites. This metamorphism pro duced a complex of Pyribolites, Arendalites and metasediments which were subsequently intruded by basic rocks and underwent prolonged Amphibolite facies alteration. Regional granitisation converted many of the metasedi ments to rocks of general granitic aspect and obliterated most major struc tures. It is suggested that the Granulite facies metamorphism was part of an orogenic episode pre-dating the Sveconorwegian Regeneration which pro duced the late granitisation: radiometric work appears to lend some support to this hypothesis. X-ray diffractometry and microscope studies demonstrate the disequili brium state of potassium-rich feldspars in the granitised rocks and the Arendalites.


The use of fossil fuels in large-scale has resulted in the reduction of energy reserves and global warming. Why the use of renewable energy such as biogas from solid waste is appropriate to solve the problem of energy as well as climate problem. Thereby, in this study, the landfill gas (LFG) generation was estimated in order to determine the amount of energy potential from the Akouedo landfill in Abidjan, Cote divoire. To evaluate the LFG generated, the methane generation rate (k) and methane generation potential (Lo) was modified in the version 2.0 Mexico Landfill Gas Model proposed by Stearns, Conrad and Schmidt Consulting Engineers, Inc. (SCS Engineers). To be done the following data were used: (a) waste characterization studies for a year, (b) observations of characteristics and performance of landfill, (c) interviews with the managers of the landfill and (d) some IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) model constants. The values of k=0.1492 yr-1 and L0= 107.56 m3/t were obtained. The peak landfill production was estimated to occur 1 year after the landfill closure with the rate of 15377 m3/h. Thereby the results show that the energy potential that can be obtained from the landfill over the period 2009-2032 is of 6189 GWh. The peak energy potential is obtain in 2018 and is of 554.3 GWh. Based on an LFG collection efficiency of 66% and energy efficiency of 33% this energy represented approximately 2.36% of the electric energy required for Cote d'Ivoire in 2015.


Species: Mouse Locus name: Insulin receptor-related receptor Locus symbol: Insrr Map position: Insrr is located on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 3: Centromere-D3Mit199-(13.3 ± 4.4 cM )-D3Mit29-(1.7 ± 1.7 cM)-Insrr-(5.0 ± 2.8 cM)-D3Mit121 Method of mapping: Insrr was localized by haplotype analysis of 60 intersubspecific backcross progeny derived from mating of (PMA × MSM) F1 × PMA mice. Molecular reagents: A 916-bp cDNA fragment of mouse Insrr gene amplified by RT-PCR with specific primers (5'-CGGCTCTTCCTGGGCTACGCACT-3' and 5'-CCATGGTGGATGGGAATTACA-3') was labeled by random priming using [α-32P]dCTP. The labeled fragment was used as a probe for Southern blot hybridization to detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Allele detection: An EcoRI-digested polymorphism was detected in mouse genomic DNA between the PMA and MSM strains by Southern blot hybridization. The probe hybridized to a 21-kb EcoRI fragment in MSM DNA and a 24-kb fragment in PMA DNA. Previously determined homologs: Human INSRR gene has been localized on Chr 1q21-q23 by radiation


In this paper we give quantitative local test vectors for Waldspurger's period integral (i.e., a toric period on $\text{GL}_2$) in new cases with joint ramification. The construction involves minimal vectors, rather than newforms and their variants. Such vectors have better properties than standard newforms in terms of their Whittaker functions and matrix coefficients, and were used in authors' previous work to study the sup norm problem and the relation between subconvexity and QUE problems. This paper gives a uniform treatment for the matrix algebra and division algebra cases under mild assumption, and establishes an explicit relation between the size of the local integral and the finite conductor $C(\pi\times\pi_{\chi^{-1}})$.


Good morning. It is a pleasure to be here with you in Syracuse, and I want to thank Onondaga Community College for hosting us. This is my fourth visit to Central New York as president of the New York Fed, and I always look forward to coming back as part of our regular visits to different parts of our district. These trips and our meetings with stakeholders in the region give me and my colleagues important insight into what's happening in the economy.


A tunable aperture and lens are monolithically fabricated in wafer-level. The tunable aperture inserted in a camera can estimate distance as comparing blur of images by two different size apertures. We design optical system and integrate tunable aperture and first lens of camera. The plano-concave lens is fabricated by anodic bonding and thermal reflow under atmospheric pressure with one mask. The silicon substrate is used as spacer between tunable aperture and lens. Another glass substrate is attached to the silicon substrate by triple anodic bonding for tunable aperture operated by liquid crystal. The lens has diameter of 4.5 mm and sag height of 566 um and the tunable aperture has f-numbers of 1.8 and 4.0. This fabrication can control parameter of lens easily. Also, it can reduce error by alignment and gap among apertures and lenses. This distance sensor can be applied to the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS).


The present invention discloses a soluble manganese ions in the manganese slag and stabilizing a soluble selenium processing method, comprising the steps of: a step, the manganese slag discharged immediately crushing, dispersion, and dried to give material I; Step II after the dispersant is added to the ball milled material I 3 ~ 5min, to give material II; step three, the first reactant is added to the material in the II, stir, add water was stirred for 3 ~ 4min; continue into the second reaction agent, stirring 1 ~ 2min, to give III materials; step four, the third reactant is added to the material III, stir, slowly add water several times, stirring was continued for 2 ~ 3min, and thereto was slowly added oxidant to continue stirred for 3 ~ 4min, IV to give material; step five, drying the material IV. The method of the present invention is broadly source material, technology is simple, good effect of stabilization, protection of the environment.


SUBTITLE: THE GOOD HEALTH OF THE CARGO INDUSTRY IS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE APPOINTMENT OF FEDEX'S FRED SMITH AS CHAIRMAN-ELECT OF IATA'S BOARD OF GOVERNORS: BUT SUCCESS HAS ITS DOWNSIDE, AS THE FINANCIAL BURDEN FOR CONVERSION FREIGHTERS INCREASES.


This paper presents a comparison between Dynamic Programming (DP) and Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) approaches for minimizing fuel cost and CO2 emissions and solving Unit Commitment (UC) problem in Microgrid Central Energy Management System (MCEMS). Both approaches minimize the fuel cost and CO2 emissions for the Micro Gas Turbine (MGT). These techniques are applied to ten subsystems in MCEMS. The MCEMS adjusts itself during the operation in the generation system. The test results of DP and PSO are compared with emphasis on a more practical solution. A MATLAB program was written to minimize the UC problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the PSO technique is more accurate than DP the technique in solving UC problems.


An Intelligent Transportation System has given a new dimension for Vehicular Communication so called VANET. This Vehicular network is the subcategory of Mobile Adhoc Network. The Vehicular technology enables the communication between the transporting system and with infrastructure through a wireless medium. The purpose of communication is to share environmental related information other messages in order to alert the vehicles that are coming behind. This will make the user know the information well in prior which avoids unnecessary accidents and uncomforted situations. The messages are gathered by the vehicles which on in front will pass that to other transports or infrastructure. The message dissemination happens between the transports and the infrastructure which are connected in the network. For this, it is necessary to check the genuineness of the transport, where there can be a possibility for disseminating bogus messages for their own benefits. These vehicles are believed to be untrusted transport that needs to be identified and has to be eliminated from the network topology to guarantee a secure network. In this proposed work, a trust evaluation scheme for effective trust calculation in identifying the bogus transport. The primary focus of this proposed method is to detect anonymous transport and find the optimal path for the message to reach the destination. The parameters that are mainly considered are Packet Delivery Ratio, Delay. This proposed scheme achieves better accuracy compared to the existing system.


'Jonafree' is an attractive red apple (Malm domestia Borkh) with field immunity to apple scab incited by Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint. The fruit is of medium size and matures with 'Jonathan'. It is released as a potential commercial cultivar with strong resemblance to 'Jonathan' in many major horticultural characters in addition to its similar maturity date.


This study investigates small aerosol particles as a source of an imaging phenomenon observed in thermal remote sensing data. The phenomenon is characterized by degraded atmospheric transmissions in the thermal infrared while high transmissions (clear conditions) are observed in the visible wave-length region. This atmospheric anomaly has been linked to conditions of high environmental humidity. A hypothesis attributes the cause of this phenomenon to small hygroscopic particles (under the 200 nm diameter) which weakly scatter in the visible region, but may have (for high particle concentrations) sufficient absorption effects in the Longwave Infrared (LWIR). We describe an experiment to test this hypothesis. The method takes a simple, but novel approach of using a suite of cameras to image an aerosol stream from a Harvard Ultrafine Concentrated Ambient Particle System (HUCAPS). Used primarily for toxicology studies of environmental aerosols, the HUCAPS has the ability to control and vary properties of humidity, temperature, particle size distribution, and number density of aerosol particle stream concentrated by this system. This gives a unique opportunity to image a controlled and well characterized plume of very fine aerosol particles and determine if any significant optical effects can be observed in the LWIR region.


Mutual finite-element universal matrices are defined for the numerical solution of a certain class of integrodifferential equations. The term 'mutual' comes from the fact that these matrices are relative to a couple of finite elements. By using these matrices an extension of the classical per-element assembly procedure of the global algebraic system is easily implemented. An example of application to the skin effect analysis of shielded multiconductor transmission lines is given. The proposed approach seems very promising because it allows easy inclusion of integrodifferential formulation into general-purpose N-dimensional finite-element codes. >


The present article is divided in two very different parts, even though they complement each other. The fi rst one is formed by a dense and extensive description and diachronic analysis of the work "Chão Bruto" (Uncultivated Soil), by Paulo Campos, and of the set of socio-historical experiences that involves the performances of its author, of its readers and of the subjects/characters that appear along the narrative. It is noted that the historical contexts of the "intratextual" plot (a presumed colonization process of the region of Paranavaí, state of Paraná, Brazil) and the author's lifetime (the Brazilian civilmilitary dictatorship era) blend in a proposition of recapturing a history of the local origins in which, in a very personal version, the oppressed people sought justice against the authoritarian excesses of a certain colonel. In the second part, our work unveils, through a synchronic analysis, the implications of the narrative of "Chão Bruto" in the developing of a common sense about the origins of Paranavaí, therefore revealing the relevance of a literary text in the creation of a people's own history. Finally, we conclude that literature and history are blended in Paranavaí, and that this provides a relative awareness, in the construction of a collective memory, about the violent way in which the process of colonization was conducted in the region.


Humans and great apes (bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) share a common gut anatomy. Although, some diseases that cause countless deaths in humans are ineffective or have minor non disturbing effects in apes. Because of their phylogenetic closeness and common neural pathways of chemosensory perception, humans and great apes, when displaying symptoms of illness could alter their foraging to ingest non-nutritive chemical as diet (pharmacophagy). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the radical scavenging activity of 24 plants consumed by Gorilla beringei ssp. Graueri. Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins plant contents were evaluated by Aluminium nitrate method and vanillin-HCl assay respectively. Antioxidant activity was carried out by TLC bioautography method using 1,1-diphenyl1- 2-picrylhydrazyle radical as model. The results of chemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiotonic heterosids, tannins, quinones, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids. 12 plant species Begonia meyeri-johannis, Blotiella crenata, Cyathea manniana, Englerina woodfordioides, Galiniera saxifraga, Mimulopsis excellens, Myrica mildbraedii, Neoboutonia macrocalyx, Piper capense, Psychotria palustris, Solenostemon thyrsiflorum and Triumfetta cordifolia were found to contain flavonoids concentration higher or to equalizes to 1 mg QE/g extract. These plants displayed antioxidant activity thus justifying the role of animal self-medicative behaviour as source of possible epigenome modulators and may aid in the control of infectious diseases through the consumption of non-nutritive phytochemicals by infected animals. The results suggest that zoopharmacognosy might be a promising and complementary source of nutraceuticals for human health care including Sickle cell Disease; an ischemic disease causes by reactive oxygen species. Keyword: Gorilla beringei graueri, medicinal foods, zoo-pharmacognosy, TLC Bioautography, Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo


In this paper we are presenting a new design for the standard triathlon bicycle. Its purpose is to reduce the continuous wear on an athlete's muscles, specifically, the muscles that are also used during the running and swimming portion of the race. Through the design process we decided on a prone style bicycle, which has two independent gear systems, one for the legs and one for the arms. The final bicycle will be made of titanium, with a flat rectangular seat. A continuously variable transmission will be utilized for the drive train. Our results show that this bicycle design will perform equal to or better than current triathlon bicy- cles. Index Terms -- continuously variable transmission, hand cycle, prone bicycle, triathlon bicycle


The Urban Consultancy (CU) is based on the study of two communities settled in the Cerro San Eduardo of the cit of Guayaquil, product of an informal process that is currently consolidated as an urban part. This research is generated with the purpose of providing necessary and fundamental development tools for the population settled in this space. The objective of the Consultancy is to provide urban, architectural/constructive and identity/culture  consultancy; with the purpose of improving the community spaces for the Cooperatives 25 de Julio and Virgen del Cisne, in the Cerro San Eduardo of Guayaquil; hoping as a result to have a positive impact in the improvement of their quality of life. Beginning with a study and diagnosis of the current situation of the Cooperatives, the results of which generate participatory workshops with the residents to make comprehensive improvements in the community spaces proposed by the community and that need to be enhanced and revitalized for the empowerment of the different age groups that inhabit the cooperatives


X-ray reflectivity and angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence (ADXRF) techniques have been employed for a quantitative study of the Te depth profile and structural changes in a series of CdS/CdTe heterojuctions annealed at various temperatures. The temperature dependence of surface roughening and Te migration is observed in both reflectivity and fluorescence experiments. Changes in the interface morphology and Te distribution are quantified by detailed analysis of the ADXRF data with the aid of reflectivity measurements. The results show that a large amount of Te up to 50% could migrate into the CdS layer and suggest that an extra layer of compounds can be formed near the CdS top surface. We have thus demonstrated that the x-ray reflectivity and ADXRF methods can be used as effective tools for nondestructive characterization of the concentration depth profile and interface morphology in layered structures on a nanometer scale.


We describe the implementation and use of a reverse compiler from Analog Devices 21xx assembler source to ANSI-C (with optional use of the language extensions for the TMS320C6x processors) which has been used to port substantial applications. The main results of this work are that reverse compilation is feasible and that some of the features that make small DSPs hard to compile for, actually assist the process of reverse compilation compared to that of a general purpose processor. The article presents statistics on the occurrence of non-statically visible features of handwritten assembler code. It also looks at the quality of the code generated by an optimising ANSI-C compiler from our reverse compiled source and compares it to code generated from conventionally authored ANSI-C programs.


Objective To evaluate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) signaling pathway in the spinal cord in the maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats.Methods Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 150-180 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),sham operation + JNK inhibitor SP600125 (group SP),BCP group,BCP + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group,and BCP+ SP600125 group (group BCP+ SP).BCP was induced by injecting Walker 256 mammary gland cancer cells into the bone marrow of the left tibia.On 10-12 days after BCP,SP600125 10 μg(10 μ1) was injected intrathecally once a day in SP and BCP + SP groups,and 5% DMSO 10 μl was injected intrathecally once a day in BCP + DMSO group.Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before BCP and 3,6,9,10,11 and 12 days after BCP.After measurement of MWT at 12 days after BCP,the rats were sacrificed and L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of MCP-1 expression by using immuno-histochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with S group,MWT was significantly decreased at 6-12 days after BCP,MCP-1 expression was upregulated in BCP,BCP + DMSO and BCP + SP groups (P < 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in SP group (P > 0.05).Compared with BCP group,MWT was significantly increased at 10-12 days after BCP,MCP-1 expression was down-regulated in BCP + SP group (P < 0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in BCP + DMSO group (P > 0.05).Conclusion JNK/MCP-1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord may be involved in the maintenance of BCP in rats.

Key words:
Bone neoplasms ;  Pain;  Mitogen-activated protein kinases ;  Chemokine CCL2 ;  Spinal cord


Currently, according to the common feeling of first class mathematician who, Lehman estimates prove key to unravel ultramicroscopic structure of vacuum space trying to complete the ultimate physical theory. Pulsation principle of particle physics is the physics of dark energy, aiming for the ultimate physical theory.


Zinc (Zn) deficiency causes abnormal skeletal development involving growth plate defects. Therefore, Zn regulation of bone matrix synthesis and resorption was investigated. Male weanling rats (n=6/group) were fed an AIN‐96G based diet with egg albumin, containing 2.5, 5, 7.5, 15, or 30 μg/g Zn as ZnCO3 for 21d. Femur Zn and SLC39A2 (Zip2) mRNA levels were used as indicators of changes in bone Zn status. The Zn metalloenzymes, femur alkaline and tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatases (ALP and TRAP, respectively), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ‐2 and ‐9 activities from femoral‐head extracts were measured. Femur Zn (means ± SEM) increased directly (p ≤ 0.05) from 0.9 ± 0.1 to 4.2 ± 0.1 μmols Zn/g dry weight in rats fed 5 to 30 μg Zn/g diet. Changes in Zip‐2 gene expression were at least 10‐fold greater between 5 and 15 μg Zn/g diet, and then decreased to less than 50% at 30 μg/g, relative to rats fed 2.5μg/g. Average delta threshold cycle numbers were not significantly different, however. ALP and TRAP p‐nitrophenol (pNP) release activities increased (p≤0.05, 22 ± 9 to 61 ± 11 and 6 ± 1 to 16 ± 1 μmols pNP/mg, respectively) with dietary Zn from 7.5 to 30 μg/g diet. In contrast, zymography of MMP‐2 and ‐9 showed decreased activities (p ≤ 0.05, 26 ± 2 to 4 ± 2 and 9 ± 1 to 2 ± 1 units) from 2.5 to 5 μg Zn/g diet and then remained level, relative to 30 μg Zn/g values. CAII activity also remained nearly constant from 2.5 to 15 μg Zn/g, and then decreased from 21± 2 to 13 ± 3 munits/mg (p ≤ 0.05) at 30 μg Zn/g diet. These results indicate a dietary Zn requirement greater than 15μg/g for optimal bone mineralization potential in growing rats, and provide insight into osseous Zip‐2 regulation by Zn status.


A quantitative thermodynamic explanation for the formation of metastable phases in the nickel-aluminum alloy system through heavy-ion irradiation is presented. The role of kinetics in the transformation to a metastable state is also investigated. Experiments involved the irradiation of both layered nickel-aluminum samples and ordered intermetallic compounds with 500 keV krypton ions over a range of temperatures and compositions. Samples were formed by alternate evaporation of layers of nickel and aluminum. A portion of these samples was subsequently annealed to form intermetallic compounds. Irradiations were performed at both room temperature and 80 K using the 2 MV ion accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory. Phase transformations were observed during both in situ irradiations in the high-voltage electron microscope at Argonne and also in subsequent electron diffraction analyses of an array of irradiated samples. Metastable phases formed included disordered crystalline structures, an amorphous structure, and a hexagonal-close-packed structure. These phase structures were modeled using the embedded atom method to compute heats of transformation Δ H _s–ms from stable to metastablestates. It was found that metastable states that have moderate heats of transformation, Δ H _s–ms ≍ 15%–20% of the heat of formation of the stable phase, form under irradiation. Metastable states with high heats of transformation, Δ H _s–ms ≍ 50% of the heat of formation of the stable phase, do not form under irradiation. Kinetics also play an important role in determining the effect of temperature and initial structure on the formation of metastable phases.


[Objective] Urinary infection is a common disease in chin,as foundation and the development of the concerned subjects,the instrument for inspection of kidney disease(ECG,ultrasound,CT and MRI) and experiment examination method was gradually increased.How to reasonable selection of laboratory project and check on the frequency of urinary infectious disease has great significant on the diagnosis and evaluate the treatment effect.[Methods] Automatic analyzer determinate the routine urine,automatic hematology analyzer analyzed the blood cells,Automated analyzer detected the liver and kidney function,ion,myocardial injury,coagulation and immune index.[Results] For patients with urinary infection,the rate of urinalysis was 100% and inspection frequency was 1.61-2.95 times per week;Blood routine inspection frequency was 0.76-136 times per week;the rate of estimated glomerular filtration test was 98.4%,the frequency for virus testing was 91.5%;myocardial injury bio-markers was83.6% and the frequency was 0.72 times per weeks.[Conclusion] According to the survey,the experiment project of evaluating kidney function is not comprehensive,and the frequency of detection was low,as well as the related tests were too much.


In view of the limitation of the structure of vertical synchronic cone crusher, a horizontal synchronic cone crusher was designed. The new type horizontal crusher remained some advantages of vertical one, such as no vibration,high productivity and low noise when it runs.Besides the exit passage of the ore material was broad in the horizontal crusher and it is easy to install and adjust.In this paper,the acting forces on ore grains and their motion in the horizontal crusher was discussed and motion equations of ore grains was derived.In order to ensure normal operation for horizontal crusher,some essential conditions were also presented in the paper.


Summary.  Objective: Current risk stratification in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) includes assessment of clinical status, right ventricular overload and plasma troponin concentrations. As impaired renal function is one of the important predictors of mortality in cardiovascular diseases, we hypothesized that it is an independent early mortality marker in APE. Material and methods: In prospective cohort study, we observed 220 consecutive patients (86M/134F, 64 ± 18 years) with APE proven by spiral computed tomography (CT). On admission, echocardiography was performed and blood samples were collected for troponin and creatinine assays. Results: The calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) differed significantly between 81 pts with low‐, 131 pts with moderate‐ and 8 pts with high‐risk APE [71 (19–181) vs. 55 (9–153) vs. 41 (14–68) mL min−1; respectively P < 0.0001]. Twenty‐three patients died during the 30‐day observation. Importantly, GFR was lower in non‐survivors than in survivors [35 (9–92) vs. 63 (14–181) mL min−1, P < 0.0001]. The area under the curve (AUC) of the GFR receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting mortality was 0.760 (95% CI: 0.698–0.815). In multivariable analysis, independent mortality predictors were GFR, troponin, heart rate and history of chronic heart failure. In normotensive patients, the GFR and cardiac troponins (cTn) ROC curves for prediction of mortality showed no difference (AUC 0.789 and 0.781, respectively). However, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed an additive prognostic value of renal dysfunction. Thus, troponin‐positive patients with a GFR ≤ 35 mL mn−1 showed 48% 30‐day mortality, whereas troponin‐positive patients with a GFR > 35 mL mn−1 had 11% mortality, and troponin‐negative patients with a GFR > 35 mL mn−1 had good prognosis, P < 0.0001. Conclusion: Impaired kidney function, present in 47% of APE patients, is related to all‐cause mortality. In initially normotensive patients, a GFR < 35 mL min−1 predicts 30‐day mortality. Moreover, GFR assessment can improve troponin‐based risk stratification of APE.


Abstract During the last thirty years, developments in the taking of air photographs (and of mapping from them) have been progressive until, under present day conditions, no programme of topographical mapping for economic development can be satisfactorily undertaken without using them.


Linearly-constrained vector quantization (LCVQ) is efficient for block-based compression of images that require low complexity decompression. It is the 'de facto' standard for 3D graphics cards that use texture compression. We extend the generalized Lloyd (1982) algorithm (GLA) for vector quantizer (VQ) codebook improvement and codebook design to a new linearly-constrained generalized Lloyd algorithm (LCGLA). This LCGLA improves VQ codebooks that are formed as linear combinations of Q reduced set of base codewords. As such, it finds application in a wide variety of signal compression and pattern recognition applications where linearly-constrained nearest-neighbour techniques are used. Experimental results show that the LCCLA significantly improves PSNR of standard high-quality lossy 6:1 LCVQ compressed images.


The objective of this paper was to study the stability of bioactive components of grugru palm powder. Fruits were selected, sanitized and pulped; subsequently, the pulp was crushed and submitted to the following four treatments: oven drying (T1: without maltodextrin; T2: with 8% of maltodextrin) and lyophilization (T3: without maltodextrin; T4: with 8% of maltodextrin). The powders of each treatment were packed in plastic, laminate or laminate and vacuum (LV). Analyses of the physicochemical and bioactive compounds were performed every 30 days during the 120 days of storage. An increase in moisture content and water activity was observed and fluctuations occurred in color saturation and in the values of phenolics and flavonoids. The β-carotene contents decreased during the storage and their values were influenced by the dehydration method and the type of package. Thus, the optimal condition for preserving the grugru palm powder was lyophilization T3 in packaging LV.

Practical Applications

Acrocomia aculeata is a highly productive palm tree that has great economic value. All parts of this plant can be utilized and its fruits in particular have an interesting nutritive potential. The mesocarp of the grugru palm fruit provides significant concentrations of β-carotene, which is a natural antioxidant and pro-vitamin A. Thus, this pulp can be included to enrich the feeding programs of the poor as a source of vitamin A. This work contributes to the study of the stability of bioactive compounds and of the quality parameters of dehydrated grugru palm pulp, with the aim of defining the best processing and conservation conditions for this raw material when used as a new ingredient in the different formulations of food products.


The use of robotics in distributed monitoring applications requires wireless sensors that are deployed efficiently with an awareness of the information gain, communication constraints, resource allocation and coordination, and energy utilization. In this paper, we address the estimation of a parameterized spatial field distribution with a group of mobile robots sampling adaptively and using a statistically-aware algorithm. The proposed work investigates the use of different nonlinear filters, such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and some variants of it, and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), both using adaptive sampling, so as to improve the speed and accuracy of the overall field distribution estimation scheme. The results from an extensive simulation work show that different variants of the standard EKF and the standard UKF can be used to improve the accuracy of field estimate and the main objective of this paper is to seek a practical trade-off between the desired field estimation accuracy and the computational load needed for this purpose.


The transmission of life is associated with a particular responsibility, including, among other things, making the right choice of the method of family planning. Moral rules in the sphere of procreation are presented in documents of the Church, especially in the encyclical Humanae Vitae. Those texts present morally accepted methods of family planning as methods of recognising fertility and not counteracting it. Today, however, many secular and liberal sources promote using contraceptives. There is a need for advisers who can indicate the misconceptions of such a choice and help in accepting natural family planning as a lifestyle. The students of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin are educated within the scope of family sciences and have the family planning exercises in their curriculum. Before starting the course questionnaire surveys were conducted, and after finishing it, we have noticed favourable changes in the attitude towards the methods of family planning. In 2011, 93% of the student participating in the course confirmed that their attitude towards the methods of family planning had changed to more favourable one under the influence of the course exercises. After finishing the course in the academic year 2012/2013, the percentage of the students deeming use of contraceptives as morally unacceptable dropped from 43.4% to 19.2%, and the percentage of the students expressing the opposition to them grew from 55.3% to 80.8%. In accordance with John Paul II's appeal expressed in his Exhortation, Familiaris Consortio , there is a need for "wider, more definite and systematic effort leading to recognition, evaluation and use" (FC 35) of the methods of natural family planning.


We present a simple comparison of the performance measured as the total execution time taken to parse a 27-GByte XML dump of the English wikipedia on three different cluster platforms: Apple's XGrid, and Hadoop the open-source version of Google's MapReduce. We use a local hadoop cluster of Linux workstation, as well as an Elastic MapReduce cluster rented from Amazon. We show that for selected benchmark, XGrid yields the fastest execution time, with the local Hadoop cluster a close second. The overhead of fetching data from Amazon's Simple Storage System (S3), along with the inability to skip the reduce, sort, and merge phases on Amazon penalizes this platform targetted for much larger data sets.


The first general procedure is described for the synthesis of novel bisarylmethylidenes of 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-one 1. Thus, several derivatives of 3 are obtained rapidly in high yields by reacting 1 with different aldehydes in the presence of catalytic quantities of pyrrolidine in EtOH at room temperature. Upon completion of the reactions, products are obtained directly by spontaneous precipitation avoiding time consuming and expensive chromatographic separations. All products were characterized by proton and carbon NMR spectroscopy methods, and in one case, the proposed structure was elucidated by X-ray crystallography, confirming the Z stereochemistry for the olefinic C=C bonds. Due to showing different colours in solid and solution states, products were studied for their photophysical properties as well.


Various species of demodectic mites, affecting the adnexa of skin, have been described to cause clinical form of demodicosis or follicular mange in different species of animals. The disease has not been described very often in cow bulls. In the present study, we recorded demodicosis in newly purchased apparently healthy looking breeding bulls of different breeds following foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccination. The nodular skin lesions measuring between 0.5–3.0 cm were recorded after 5 days of FMD vaccination. These lesions were distributed all over the head down to brisket and shoulder regions. In a few bulls, the lesions were also noticed over the hind quarters. The gross skin lesions were mucous head type, brownish nearly circular nodules. Histopathological findings demonstrated acanthosis and cystically dilated keratinized hair follicles filled with debris and cut sections of parasites. Dermis showed chronic cellular infiltrate in the connective tissue. The skin scrapings also demonstrated Demodex bovis. The reason for generalized demodicosis in bulls was attributed to immune suppression as a result of FMD vaccination.


Steel Dynamics' surface quality performance for mold powder defects was outstanding with only a 0.03 percent internal reject rate and not customer claims. The company will continue to refine its models to develop powders and practices for higher casting speeds with the same or better steel quality and with reduced risks of breakouts.


This paper describes the recently completed study of the np→ppπ− reaction carried out at TRIUMF using a neutron beam of 440 MeV. The apparatus and beam characteristics are described and early results discussed.


Intermolecular interaction potentials of the silane dimer in 12 orientations have been calculated by using the Hartree-Fock (HF) self-consistent theory and the second-order Moeller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory. We employed basis sets from Pople's medium-size basis sets [up to 6-311++G(3df, 3pd)] and Dunning's correlation consistent basis sets (up to the triply augmented correlation-consistent polarized valence quadruple-zeta basis set). We found that the minimum energy orientations were the G and H conformers. We have suggested that the Si-H attractions, the central silicon atom size, and electronegativity play essential roles in weakly binding of a silane dimer. The calculated MP2 potential data were employed to parametrize a five-site force field for molecular simulations. The Si-Si, Si-H, and H-H interaction parameters in a pairwise-additive, site-site potential model for silane molecules were regressed from the ab initio energies.


In hoping, what is important to us seems possible, which makes our life appear meaningful and motivates us to do everything within our reach to bring about the things that we hope for. I argue that it can be rational to rely on one's hope: hope can deceive us, but it can also represent things correctly to us. I start with Philip Pettit's view that hope is a cognitive resolve. I reject this view and suggest instead that hope is an emotion: hope is a felt evaluation for which we can define a corresponding character trait which in its turn qualifies as a virtue if it is felt whenever its correctness conditions are satisfied. For religious hope in particular it follows from my analysis that, if I believe, I may hope.


This paper introduces an interface that enables the real-time gestural control of intonation in phrases produced by a vocal synthesizer. The melody and timing of a target phrase can be modified by tracing melodic contours on the touch-screen of a mobile tablet. Envisioning this interface as a means for non-native speakers to practice the intonation of a foreign language, we present a pilot study where native and non-native speakers imitated the pronunciation of French phrases using their voice and the interface, with a visual guide and without. Comparison of resulting F0 curves against the reference contour and a preliminary perceptual assessment of synthesized utterances sug-gest that for both non-native and native speakers, imitation with the help of a visual guide is comparable in accuracy to vocal imitation, and that timing control was a source of difficulty.


Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720There is currently fundamental and technological interest in measuring and manipulatingnanoscale magnets, particularly in the quantum coherent regime. To observe the dynamics ofsuch systems one requires a magnetometer with not only exceptional sensitivity but also high gain,wide bandwidth and low backaction. We demonstrate a dispersive magnetometer consisting of atwo-junction SQUID in parallel with an integrated, lumped-element capacitor. Input ux signals areencoded as a phase modulation of the microwave drive tone applied to the magnetometer, resultingin a single quadrature voltage signal. For strong drive power, the nonlinearity of the resonatorresults in quantum limited, phase sensitive parametric ampli cation of this signal, which improvesux sensitvity at the expense of bandwidth. Depending on the drive parameters, the device per-formance ranges from an e ective ux noise of 0.29


We analyze the newest diffractive deep inelastic scattering data from the DESY collider HERA with the help of dipole models. We find good agreement with the data on the diffractive structure functions provided the diffractive open charm contribution is taken into account. However, the region of large diffractive mass (small values of a parameter {beta}) needs some refinement with the help of an additional gluon radiation.


The paper is concerned with the identification of a preview steering control model using data obtained from driving simulator experiments. The paper adds to limited existing published work on driver steering identification. The driving task involved steering a linear vehicle along a randomly curving path. The steering control model identified from the data was based on optimal linear preview control. A direct-identification method was used, and the steering control model was identified so that the modelled steering angle matched as closely as possible, in a least squares sense, the measured steering angle of the test subject. It is shown that identification of the driver's time delay and noise are necessary to avoid bias in identification of the controller parameters.


Isolated patellofemoral arthritis is a common, often debilitating, condition with a number of treatment options available. Avon patellofemoral arthroplasty has been practiced in our district general hospital setting with favourable results. Previous studies have been mainly from the pioneering Bristol centre. We present the findings of the intermediate results of Avon patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) used in the treatment of isolated patellofemoral arthritis. From 1999 until August 2006, 63 Avon PFA were carried out in 46 patients by a single surgeon. We analysed retrospectively the patient case records and collected data regarding clinical, radiological findings along with patient satisfaction scores using the Oxford knee questionnaire. 45/46 (98%) patients had primary patellofemoral (PF) arthritis. 17/46 (36%) patients suffered from bilateral PF arthritis. The average duration of follow up was 5 years (3 months to 7 years). There were 7 males and 39 females with a median age of 63 years. The average range of movement was 120° (90°–140°). There was no observable radiological loosening. There was a reduction in the Oxford knee score from 33 (21–48) to 17 (1–44). Complications of the procedure included superficial infections (2/46), transient foot drop (1/46), and persistent pain (2/46). Further surgery requiring lateral release was carried out in 2/46 patients. To date, none of the cases have required revision due to progression of arthritis. Patients reported high level of satisfaction following the procedure. Avon PFA is an effective procedure for the treatment of isolated patellofemoral arthritis, with a low rate of complications and good functional results. To our knowledge, this is the first study in UK outside Bristol, presenting the findings of intermediate results of Avon PFA.


Ostriches are frequently infected with viral, fungal, and bacterial diseases. This disease does not require airborne transmission and does not involve the respiratory system. Objective: To determine the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera tea leaves and seed against bacteria in Ostrich feces. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from captive ostriches at the W.A Apparel factory. E. coli was isolated after the samples were inoculated on EMB. The antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera seeds and tea leaves was investigated. The antimicrobial activity of Ostrich feces was tested against E. coli. Results: The results showed that tea extract had no antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Moringa oleifera seeds extract prepared in ethanol on the other hand, were effective against E. coli. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera seeds (di ethanolic extract) have the potential to be effective against E. coli.


 The article addresses the issue of leisure in the sense of ancient "schole." It strives to uncover the relationship between Aristotelian concept of theoretical activity and "schole" as vacuity. It shows a paradoxical character of "schole" as purposeless time that forms condition for a meaningful activity. How, then, to restore "schole" as vacuity today, when colonization of time


Objective To assess the coordinated regulation and the molecular mechanisms of 17β-estradiol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [ 1,25-( OH ) 2 D3 ] on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in phenol-red free α-MEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS,MTT assay was performed to determine the effects of 17β-estradiol and 1,25-( OH )2 D3 on MC3T3-E1 cells proliferation.After cells were treated with different agents,cell cycle related genes [ cyclin E,proliferation cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ),and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2b ( Cdkn2b ) ] and markers of osteoblastic differentiation [ type Ⅰ collagen ( COL Ⅰ ),alkaline phosphatase ( ALP),osteopontin ( OPN ) ] were detected with SYBR green-based quantitative PCR.ALP activity was detected with BCIP/NBT method.Results 17β-estradiol could promote proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells,which was accordant to its ability to increase cyclin E and PCNA and to inhibit Cdkn2b mRNA expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.However,1,25-( OH)2D3 had no effect on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and also did not enhance the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells stimulated by 17β-estradiol.On the other hand,17β-estradiol promoted the gene expression of differentiation markers Col Ⅰ,ALP,and OPN,and 1,25-(OH) 2 D3 synergistically increased the expression of these genes with 17 β-estradiol.Conclusion As two of the most important hormones which regulate bone metabolism,estrogen and vitamin D may coordinately promote osteoblast differentiation,but may not regulate osteoblasts proliferation synergistically.

Key words:
Estrogen;  Vitamin D;  Osteoblasts;  Cell cycle related proteins


The advancement in smart materials allows researchers to seek smart textiles for wearable health monitoring. Here, a washable and flexible textile-based dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrode that can detect brain activities has been developed. The EEG electrodes were constructed from an electrically conductive cotton fabric with $67.23~\Omega $ /sq produced through printing PEDOT:PSS/PDMS conductive polymer composite on cotton fabric via screen printing. The mechanical properties like flexural rigidity and tensile strength of the conductive fabric were compared against the bare base material and a PEDOT:PSS-printed fabric. The result from an SEM revealed a uniform printing of the PEDOT:PSS/PDMS on the fabric. The signal-to-noise ratio of the textrode was higher than the Ag/AgCl dry electrode i.e. 17.32 (+3.1%) which open the door for long-term EEG monitoring. Moreover, the electrode can give clear and reliable EEG signals up to 15 washing cycles, 60 bending cycles, 5 multiple uses, and 8 hours of continued use.


Throughout this paper, as in [1], the latine indices have the range 1 ,2 , . . . ..., n, and the greek ones the range 3 , 4 , . . . , n. The recurrent SAK* is of three types, called by Wong [2] the space of the type I, II or III. In [1] we have characterized all affine motions in SAK* of the type III and we have shown that they are reducible to the four groups of such motions with respect to the choice of a function = <P(z) and of constans ba, c with ap ^ 0 and ^ 0 determining the mentioned space SAK*. In this paper we shall do the same for SAK* of the type II.


This paper researches moderating effects of the customer satisfaction-loyalty link with specific regards to situational characteristics. We develop hypotheses about moderating effects of perceived product importance, purchase uncertainty, switching costs and relationship duration and test them in an empirical study, using data from 425 business customers of a major European energy provider. The results of a multi-group causal analysis indicate that it is important to consider the effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty separately for each of the loyalty dimensions, as it is shown that the relationship is moderated by different factors for different loyalty dimensions. In substance, the results suggest that strategies for enhancing word of mouth and reinforcement behavior should focus on different customer groups than those for enhancing price resistance.


This paper introduced an improved LZW algorithm of data comp- ression. In view of Chinese text charac- teristic, in this paper, the expansion to the dictionary was carried on, and the first level database of Chinese was added, with some second level of Chinese char- acters space reserved to improve the dictionary memory method as well as the renewal way which was improved by experiments to the improvements of compression ratio.


Material and methods: Patients who had had a histological diagnosis of chronic corpus gastritis between the years of 1994 to1998 were retrieved from the computer files of the department of pathology. In all 172 patients fulfilled the Sydney pathological criteria. Pathology review was performed by the same pathologist. Blood samples were also taken for variable serology and a urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was performed.


The research is based of the condition of Indonesian Trade Company (ITC) – PT. Perusahaan Perdagangan Indonesia (Persero) Regional Area of Central Java and Special Regional of Yogyakarta in 2016-2017 with an average of 52.5% of RKAP targets. This research uses descriptive quantitative method by analyzing the influence of leadership and communication variables through intervening variable motivation to employee performance variable. Data collected from 52 permanent employees of Indonesian Trade Company Regional Area of Central Java and Special Regional of Yogyakarta. Simultaneously, leadership variable and communication variable have a positive and significant effect on performance variable. Leadership variable and communication variable through intervening variable motivation also have a positive and significant effect on performance variable. Partially, leadership variable has a positive and significant effect on performance variable. Communication variable also has a positive and significant effect on performance variable. Partially through intervening variable motivation, leadership variable have positive and significant effect to performance variable. Communication variable also has a positive and significant effect on performance variable through intervening variable motivation.


Japan welcomes highly educated migrants, but do these migrants stay on in Japan? Drawing on a web survey of 600 immigrant employees working in Japan, this paper evaluates different factors influencing migrants' stay and leave intentions. The results indicate that economic and employment-related reasons have limited impact on migrants' stay intentions. Nationalities also predict migrants' varied willingness to stay in Japan, indicating the blurring boundary between economic and cultural logics of migration. Among all factors, marrying locals provides the strongest incentive to stay, demonstrating again that affective and social ties exercise the most power in anchoring the migrants.


Abe Lincoln was a regulation cutter. Who would've known that?" That line in a speech on December 8 by President Trump sent a number of pundits flocking to their history textbooks for fact-checking, especially after he followed it with the claim that, based on the numbers, he had actually exceeded Lincoln's first-year total. "That's pretty good for 10 months." What the pundits found was largely what they looked for. Blue State Daily's Matthew Slivan smirked that "Trump likes to conjure comparisons to Abraham Lincoln," but "the truth is what you'd expect: Trump is a blowhard." Another reporter rang up former Democratic activist and chair of the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission Harold Holzer, who obligingly contributed the response, "If we hear a loud rumbling noise this Christmas season, it's Lincoln rolling over in his grave." On the other hand, sending pundits to do historical research is like sending short-order cooks to do Julia Child. The results may be edible, but they won't look much like what the recipe described. [excerpt]


It has been shown that the adverse effects of salinity can vary between different varieties of the same plant species. This study was conducted to determine the tolerability of three newly released lines of maize to saline conditions when primed with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salicylic acid (SA) each at 1.0 M concentration; seeds primed with distilled water were used as control. Concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 300 mM NaCl were tested. The experiment followed a 3x3x5 factorial arrangement of treatments with three replications. The results revealed significant interaction between maize lines and salinity where the germination percentage of line SWAN-LSR-Y was much more affected than the other lines at the salinity level of 50 mM, and its speed of germination was more affected than the others when passing from 150 to 300 mM NaCl. The seedling lengths (radicle and plumule) and seed vigor index were influenced by significant interaction between the primer and salinity, where EDTA enhanced better seedling growth than the other primers when the salinity did not exceed 150 mM. OMR-LSR-SY maize line did not show tolerability at this concentration. Similarly, EDTA and SA treated maize lines showed lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as a decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, most importantly in SWAN-LSR-Y and BR9928-OMR-SR-Y maize lines. Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were enhanced in SWAN-LSR- Y and BR9928-OMR-SR-Y upon application of EDTA.


A clinical and statistical analysis of the results of treatment for 1994-1995, 48 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease: myocardial infarction. The features of the disease in the North, aggravating course and prognosis, not only the primary, but also comorbidities. An assessment of the adequacy of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction in the prehospital and hospital stages in the central district hospital.


In this study particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to measure and visualise the blood flow through a leaking mitral heart valve. The results are compared with the results from Doppler echocardiography and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Using CAD, five-axis milling and Rapid Prototyping Machining (RPM) technology, a hydraulic in vitro flow model was developed and constructed which is compatible with flow investigation with 2D normal speed PIV and 2D Doppler echocardiography. The same CAD model was used to conduct the CFD analysis. PIV results compared successfully with Doppler echo and CFD results, both in the upstream converging region and downstream the turbulent regurgitated jet zone. These results are expected to improve the assessment of mitral valve regurgitation severity with Doppler echocardiography in clinical practice.


This paper adopts J2EE technology system,designs and realizes the Wireless materials declarations system.Based on the analysis of a practical case study,this paper analyses the market demand for the system and its design purpose.It also discusses the practical technology of the system,its implementing technology and its security design.This system is applied in a certain auto parts companies for improving the efficiency of company and gives much affirmation to it.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has been rapidly taking steps towards commercialization. However, the dense deployment of IoT nodes - that may follow different wireless technologies - in the shared spectrum creates a new challenge to solve: secure coordination among co-located IoT nodes from different IoT networks. In this paper, we shed light on this unique challenge, and we illustrate how this challenge has the potential to create a novel vulnerability where an attacker can pose as a hidden terminal (by manipulating its radiation patterns) and interfere with transmissions from its hidden counterparts, namely hidden terminal emulation (HTE) attack. As the dense deployment of IoT nodes will aggravate such hidden terminal interference, it facilitates the HTE attacker plausible deniability to interfere with its hidden counterparts. This paper is the first to present a theoretical analysis of the feasibility of HTE attacks (i.e., successful impersonation of hidden terminals), to illustrate how it is affected by the density of IoT nodes, and to provide insights on secure IoT deployment.


Generation of a model Iife table representation for mortality of the State of Sao Paulo. The possibility of constructing a particular set of model life table for Sao Paulo is investigated in this paper since the most long set of registered death data in the country (from 1940 to 1980) is available for this state, and its quality has been proved to be practically complete. A new model life table, SP-2, is proposed. To fit the survivorship data for Sao Paulo the following models are tested here: Brass' general standard model, the Brazil's model, the Zaba four-parameter system and Ewbank el al.'s four adaptive system. The results showed that the simple Sao Paulo two-parameter system, SP-2, represents satisfactorily the mortality pattern of this state. It opens the way to continued investigations on the quality of the death registration data and improvement in the construction of model life tables for other regions.


Armagedroid, a software for static analysis of Android APKs, arises with the objective of assisting in the decision making by the user analyst, who must evaluate, thanks to the metadata obtained by the program, if it is a reliable package or a possible malware application, automating the procedures involved in this type of analysis. Consistent phases of the Armagedroid analysis consider the APK structure, its contents, its manifest file to extract the package, permissions and archive activities using action modules. The result obtained with the use of the tool is the gathered information from each module applied to a benign APK and one with malware, which, once compared, distinguish that the malicious package requests more permissions than the trusted APK and with just having an activity. The contributions of Armagedroid in comparison with other programs of static analysis are: the validation that the file loaded in memory is really an APK, checking its size, obtaining its content and generating the analysis report of the APK which consists of the information of the metadata obtained from the APK: the name, size in bytes, integrity checksums, which are MD5, SHA1 and SHA256, APK content , information of the files it contains, the name of the package, the list of activities and permissions of the APK in order to make the results known to the user.


The unique characteristics of the physiography and hydrology of limestone-areas are causally related to the solubility of the rocks. The evolution of topography, of rock-permeability, of ground-water circulation in limestones depends upon the solutional work in the limestone. Hence the nature of the solubility of limestone is an essential consideration in the understanding of the physiography and hydrology of karst terranes.

A number of problems arise when limestone-solubility is studied. However, the one which this paper considers is related to the apparent supersaturation of ground-water with CaCO3.


The three subunits of the nascent polypeptide‐associated complex (α, β1, β3) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are encoded by three genes (EGD2, EGD1, BTT1). We found the complex bound to ribosomes via the β‐subunits in a salt‐sensitive manner, in close proximity to nascent polypeptides. Estimation of the molecular weight of the complex of wild‐type cells and cells lacking one or two subunits revealed that the composition of the complex is variable and that as yet unknown proteins might be included. Regardless of the variability, a certain balance of the subunits has to be maintained: the deletion of one subunit causes downregulation of the remaining subunits at physiological growth temperature. Cells lacking both β‐subunits are unable to grow at 37°C, most likely due to a toxic effect of the α‐subunit. Based on in vitro experiments, it has been proposed that the function of mammalian nascent‐polypeptide associated complexes (NAC) is to prevent inappropriate targeting of non‐secretory nascent polypeptides. In vivo, however, the lack of NAC does not cause secretion of signal‐less invertase in yeast. This result and the lack of a drastic phenotype of cells missing one, two or three subunits at optimal conditions (28°C, YPD‐medium) suggest either the existence of a substitute for NAC or that cells tolerate or 'repair' the damage caused by the absence of NAC. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article concerns studies on finite-time systems (FTSs), which are expected for high-level system synthesis. An FTS usually obeys an attracting law (AL), under which the dynamics of the FTS is governed. This article probes into the analysis of finite-duration convergence of the power-rate ALs, and especially on the estimation for the bound of their settling time functions, without selecting the transition state to be one. It is shown that the settling time is a function of the initial state, and the value of the function varies with the initial state. The existence of the upper bound of the function assures that the duration over which the settling time varies is finite with respect to the initial state. The estimate depends on the transition state, revealing that the bound on the settling time cannot be determined by a certain value, as different transition states are chosen. The optimal transition state in certain sense is acquired in this article, and the comparison is made between the existing estimation and the optimal one. Furthermore, we concern ourselves with the two-phase AL (TPAL) also without fixing the transition state, for which we are able to give an accurate bound of its settling time function. To illustrate the usefulness of the TPAL, we present a finite-duration learning control approach which utilizes the merits of the exiting control methods in coping with both time-varying parametric and nonparametric uncertainties.


........................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgments....................................................................................................... vii Vita ................................................................................................................................ x List of Tables ............................................................................................................. xiv List of Figures ............................................................................................................ xvi Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review ........................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Transducer Like Proteins of Campylobacter jejuni: Role in chemotaxis, virulence-associated traits, and colonization of the chicken gastrointestinal tract ..... 57 2.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................ 57 2.2 Introduction..............................................................................58 2.3 Materials and Methods.................................................................61 2.4 Results....................................................................................75 2.5 Discussion...............................................................................89 2.6 References...............................................................................95 Chapter 3: Transducer like Protein in Campylobacter jejuni with a role in mediating chemotaxis to iron and phosphate...........................................................100 xiii 3.1 Abstract.................................................................................100 3.2 Introduction............................................................................101 3.3 Materials and Methods...............................................................103 3.4 Results..................................................................................117 3.5 Discussion..............................................................................132 3.6 References..............................................................................139 Chapter 4: PPK1and PPK2-dependent Transcriptomes of the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni..................................................................................145 4.1 Abstract.................................................................................145 4.2 Introduction............................................................................146 4.3 Materials and Methods...............................................................150 4.4 Results and Discussion...............................................................156 4.5 Conclusions............................................................................170 4.6 References..............................................................................171 Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions..................................................... 176 5.1 Future studies..........................................................................178 References ................................................................................................................. 180 Appendix A: Supplemental Figures .......................................................................... 225


The discretization of continuous attributes is an important issue in the research of rough sets theory. It does a great contribution to the followed process of knowledge acquirement. Selecting candidate cuts and confirming result cuts are two phases during searching the cuts which are used to discretize continuous data. This paper put forward a novel algorithm to select the sets of candidate cuts in the first phase. In the second phase, a top-down approach is used to compute the importance of candidate cuts and a heuristic algorithm is proposed to figure out the cuts which are ultimately used in the discretization process. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the new algorithm.


A medical herb extract for baeksuk(chicken boiled in plain water), a method for preparing the medical herb extract, a method for preparing baeksuk by using the extract, and the baeksuk prepared by the method are provided to obtain the baeksuk having medical action and health improving effect. A medical herb extract for baeksuk comprises an extract of a lacquer tree; Acanthopanacis Cortex; Acer tegmentosum Maximowocz; Kalopanax ricinifolium; Angelicae Gigantis Radix; Astragali Radix; a mulberry tree; Lycii folium; fatsia; the skin of root of Ulmus davidiana var.; a ginger plant; Pueraria thunbergiana BENTH.; Glycyrrhizae Radix; Hovenia dulcis var. koreana; and Coriolus versicolor. Preferably the extract is obtained by hot water.


For a world where energy demand is increasing day by day, available resources are constantly decreasing. At this point, it is very important to be able to benefit from the sun, which is the main energy source, with minimum damage to the environment. It is possible to produce electricity directly from sunlight through PV panels. Due to the limited efficiency of these panels, MPPT algorithms are always required. In this study, Sliding Mode Control (SMC) based Twisting Sliding Mode Control (T-SMC) MPPT, known for its robust structure, was performed and the results were compared with the classical SMC. The proposed MPPT algorithm is simulated with MATLAB/Simulink. The efficiency of T-SMC based MPPT is obtained as nearly 99%.


Objective: Despite the many studies noting the strong correlation between poverty and child maltreatment, the ways in which social workers and parents perceive the links between these phenomena have received little attention. Moreover, research investigating these links within a critical poverty knowledge framework and from a social inequality perspective is scant. This study addresses these gaps by conducting a critical, in-depth inquiry into the perspectives of parents and practitioners on the links and pathways between poverty and child maltreatment. Method: The study is based on 30 qualitative interviews with practitioners and families who took part in two child protection programs in Israel. Results: Based on critical poverty theories, analysis suggested the child protection–poverty matrix, which relates to both the multidimensionality of poverty and the ways in which all the dimensions of poverty influence parents, children, and their relationships with one another in their daily lives. Conclusion: The matrix illustrates the manifestation of neoliberal child protection policy in the lives of families and outlines how this social context might lead to child maltreatment and child protection involvement.


Diabetes is a metabolic condition in which the body does not produce sufficient insulin to regulate blood glucose levels or where the insulin produced is unable to work effectively. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune condition in which the cells that produce insulina are destroyed so lifelong treatment with insulin is required to prevent death. About 10% of people with diagnosed diabetes have type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for at least 90% of all cases of diabetes. It occurs when the body either stops producing enough insulin for its needs or becomes resistant to the effect of insulin produced. The condition is progressive requiring lifestyle management at all stages. Over time most people with type 2 diabetes will require oral drugs and or insulin. Type 2 diabetes may remain undetected for many years. Obesity is only associated with type 2 diabetes and this paper does not cover type 1 diabetes, which has no association with obesity or other lifestyle factors, or other forms of diabetes such as gestational diabetes.


Visible room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) has been observed from stain‐etched polycrystalline Si thin films. Poly‐Si thin films deposited on oxidized Si and quartz substrates became porous (PoSi) after stain‐etching in a 1:3:5 solution of HF:HNO3:H2O. Under UV excitation, the stain‐etched doped and undoped poly‐Si films produce uniform orange‐red (∼650 nm) luminescence very similar to that obtained from stain‐etched crystalline Si substrates. Stained amorphous thin films did not exhibit photoluminescence. Luminescent patterns with sub‐micrometer (∼0.6 μm) dimensions have been obtained for the first time from PoSi produced from poly‐Si films.


There are many strengths in the gyroscope-free strapdown inertial navigation system because it is gyroscopes- free; the angular velocity, however, is calculated from signals that are sent by accelerometers, and its calculation error is divergent in time. The key technique, therefore, is how to control the divergence of the angular velocity calculation error and improve the calculation precision. To do the latter in nine-accelerometers schemes, a new method is provided, in which the equation of residual errors is firstly obtained by using the redundant information, then the numerical iteration is applied. The method is simpler and more effective than that one, which uses Kalman filtering to correct satellite attitude errors in the real time after a state noise estimation is received. Simulation results show that the angular velocity calculation precision is obviously improved by the new method.


Hybrid recording technology method can overcome super paramagnetic limits. The coercivity is dependent on temperature, an external laser may be used to locally reduce its value to a point where the field from the magnetic head is sufficient to switch the magnetization. The rectangle waveguide nearfield heating hybrid recording technology is presented. The energy transfer efficiency of rectangle waveguide, the rectangle waveguide nearfield spot and its heating scope on disk radial are studied.


The educational landscape was disturbed by the sudden spread of the COVID-19. Alterations of curriculum transaction were coming up face to face interaction with students were no longer possible so as to address the need of the students' online classes were implemented while schools are closed. The social studies curriculum as a core subject in the basic education curriculum that leads to the development of civic competence among young learners was also abridged to fit for flexible learning while sustaining its learning standards. The implementation of the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) to guide for teachers served as the emergency curriculum for the school year during the brink of the pandemic. The social studies emergency curriculum featured condensed learning competencies, flexible learning time, and personalized learning experiences. However, with learning events happening inside learners' respective homes, learned knowledge and skills in social studies are ephemeral, and the authenticity of learner's work is open for skepticism.