We construct the N=2, D=9 supergravity theory up to the quartic fermionic terms and derive the supersymmetry transformation rules for the fields modulo cubic fermions. We consider a class of p-brane solutions of this theory, the stainless p-branes, which cannot be isotropically oxidized into higher dimensions. The new stainless elementary membrane and elementary particle solutions are found. It is explicitly verified that these solutions preserve half of the supersymmetry.


Work was carried out to improve the color, reduce the acidity and moisture content, and improve the granulometric composition of ammonium sufate. A stable white color was achieved by replacing the two vertical neutralizer stills with a single more efficient horizontal still. The problem of reducing moisture content was solved by switching to fluidized-bed dryers with combustive heating. Use of this type of heating made it possible to raise the heat-carrier temperature from 115 to 125 to 175 to 225/sup 0/C, reduce the salt drying period from 3 min 50 s to 1 min 20 s, reduce crystal comminution from 26.6 to 8 to 12%, and obtain a drop in moisture content to 0.1 to 0.2%. Ammonium sulfate with an acidity of less than 0.05% was produced by reducing the acidity of the mother liquor in the saturator bath from 5 to 7 to 3 to 4%. In order to create favorable conditions for crystal growth, the mother liquor was delivered from the saturator bath to the conical portion of the crystal receiver in an ascending stream. This made it possible to increase the crystal residence (growth) time and ensured return of small size classes to the saturator. The yieldmore » of salt belonging to the > 0.25 mm class rose by 2.1%.« less


BCR-ABL1 compound mutations, defined as ≥2 mutations within the same BCR-ABL1 allele, can confer high-level resistance to imatinib and other ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Even the third generation ABL1 TKI, ponatinib, which is uniformly effective against BCR-ABL1 point mutants, remains vulnerable to certain BCR-ABL1 compound mutants [1, 7]. Therapy escape attributable to compound mutations may become more common with greater clinical use of ponatinib in refractory CML. To determine the frequency of compound mutations among CML patients on ABL1 TKI therapy, we examined cDNA samples (N=47) with clear Sanger direct sequencing evidence of two BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations. Using an amplicon cloning and sequencing method, we confirmed that a high proportion of patients (70%; 33/47) with double mutations harbored compound mutations. In contrast to prevailing stepwise models, we found sequential, branching, and parallel routes to compound mutations (Figure (Figure1A).1A). The frequency of clones harboring compound mutations with >2 missense mutations was low (10%). At the same time, the likelihood of silent mutations increased disproportionately with the total number of mutations per clone, suggesting a limited tolerance for missense mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain [4]. Silent mutations are not subject to selection pressure and provide a convenient measure of mutation rate. Their increased frequency in clones with multiple mutations suggests clones that instead acquire additional missense mutations are not competitive, possibly because of impaired kinase function.

Figure 1

A. Model depicting two mutations in a compound mutant clone and also in parallel as two independent clones. A subclone of the mutant α clonal pool might acquire mutation β, resulting in co-existence of α and α/β ...

In 39% of patients with compound mutations, subclones representing each of the component mutations co-existed with the compound mutations (Figure (Figure1A).1A). This observation dictates that at least one of the two component mutations arose independently in single and compound mutant subclones and opens the possibility that the same mutation detected at two time points might be of different clonal origin. Thus, disease recurrence with the 'same' mutation after a transient response does not definitively establish a clonal relationship. This might also explain why a patient with a certain mutation may show a different level of sensitivity to the same TKI during the course of treatment (Figure (Figure1B).1B). Alternatively, a clone may acquire additional non BCR-ABL1 kinase mutation-based resistance mechanisms.

Given the large number of kinase domain mutations identified in patients with resistance, independent acquisition of the very same mutation is puzzling and strongly suggests a tendency for nonrandom acquisition of certain mutations over others. Various DNA repair mechanisms are defective in CML cells [2], but this does not explain the preferential and repetitive acquisition of identical mutations at certain residues. It will be interesting to examine whether the point mutation rate in other regions of the CML genome is elevated and whether there are recurrent mutational hotspots. Such a study would shed light on whether the ABL1 kinase domain is located in a part of the genome that is unusually predisposed to mutation acquisition [6]. Cloning and sequencing of the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain in our study of CML samples also revealed many mutations that were not detected by conventional Sanger direct sequencing [4]. The relatively high frequency of these low-level mutations might be due to DNA errors induced by the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein in CML cells [3].

Models to explain mutational complexity in cancer have invoked a sequential, orderly hierarchy in which the progression of events can be deduced retrospectively. Our study in CML challenges this simplistic framework [4]. Clinical observations are consistent with acquisition of the second mutation by the pre-existing single mutant clone [5, 8], suggesting that introduction of mutations in BCR-ABL1 kinase domain happens constantly in certain CML patients [9] and that either: 1) not all observed compound mutations predate TKI therapy or 2) the observed compound mutations predate TKI therapy but existing detection methods are not sufficiently sensitive for identifying low-level mutations in pre-therapeutic samples. The latter, if proven, suggests that mutation acquisition is sharply curtailed on TKI therapy. Our study demonstrates that compound mutations are common in patients with two BCR-ABL1 mutations and frequently reflect a highly complex clonal network whose evolution may be limited by the negative impact of missense mutations on kinase function.


1Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal 2Enhanced Composites & Structures Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK 3Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India 4School of Chemical Science, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India 5Institute of Polymer and Composite, Technical University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany


Abstract Objective: To develop and test a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use in rural areas of Kerala, India. Design: Based on food use and market surveys of the study area, a quantitative 81-item interviewer-administered FFQ was developed. A validation study was conducted consisting of 24-h diet recalls (24HR) administered on 8 days randomly selected over an entire year and two administrations of the FFQ, one at the beginning of the l-year period and the other at the end. FFQ and 24HR-derived nutrient scores were compared using correlation and regression analyses and by examining differences in the nutrient scores. Setting: Rural villages in Ernakulum district, Kerala, South India. Subjects: In each of 30 households, the male head of household and female food preparer were enrolled. Results: Pearson (parametric) correlation coefficients (rp) averaged about 0.50 in comparing nutrient scores derived from the 24HR with those from the first FFQ and about 0.55 in comparing the second FFQ. On average, Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) were slightly lower than the rp in comparing the scores derived from the first FFQ, but virtually identical for the second FFQ. Regression analyses indicated better agreement in the comparison of the 24HR-derived scores with the first FFQ than the second FFQ. Difference scores, however, tended to be larger in comparing the first FFQ scores with the 24HR. Conclusions: This FFQ produces results broadly comparable to those used in Europe and North America, indicating its suitability for comparing exposures within a study population in reference to health-related endpoints.


This article describes the structure of the existing system for automatically maintaining the metal level in the mold, due to which it is possible to analyze the level of liquid metal in order to identify the causes of stable fluctuations. There are possible causes and consequences of the appearance of stable fluctuations in the level of liquid metal in the mold. The prerequisites for creating a system that will detect such undesirable fluctuations in the level of liquid metal in the mold, and then, according to the developed methodology, perform the function of their damping using the electromechanical drive locking mechanism.


The Tokai Vitrification Facility (TVF) is the only operating vitrification plant in Japan, constructed and operated by JAEA, to vitrify concentrated high radioactive liquid waste (HALW) in the Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP). JAEA started TVF hot operation in 1995 and produced 218 canisters as of March, 2006. An existing melter is the second melter, which was installed from 2002 to 2004 in place of the first melter stopped its operation by damage of a main electrode. JAEA has estimated that the damage was caused by accumulation of noble metal. Therefore, melter bottom structure was improved to get better drain ability of glass containing noble metal. Completing the melter replacement, vitrification operation was restarted in October 2004 and produced 88 canisters successfully until the end of March 2006. Through these experiences, JAEA made basic strategy to achieve stable TVF operation: keeping stable operation of the existing melter preventing adverse effect by noble metal accumulation and developing a new advanced melter with long lifetime preparing for future exchange as the third melter. Based on the basic strategy, JAEA made a decade development plan of necessary key technologies and has started the development since 2005.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


An ongoing challenge in network science is influence maximization (IM), which sets out to define those nodes which maximize the dissemination of influence. Most of the recent research proposals on the IM problem offer solutions that are still highly time consuming for usage in the context of real-world complex networks. This article develops a novel seed selection framework based on the principle of maximizing influence at the community level with an emphasis on global homogeneous seed spacing. Our proposed framework, called Colonise, consists of the following stages: (i) community tuning, (ii) node centrality computation, and (iii) seed assignment. Particularly, phase (i) iteratively breaks down the network into communities, using the Louvain method, based on the number of desired seeds; phase (ii) measures a target node centrality on each community to reduce the number of seed candidates; phase (iii) assigns nodes as seeds from the highest centrality nodes found in each community. In contrast to global centrality-based seed selection, we exploit the structure of communities and circumvent overlapped assignment, such that we select efficiently the number of seed nodes to boost information diffusion. The simulation results---based on 12 diverse synthetic and real-world networks, and employing the SIR epidemic model---prove that our proposed Colonise algorithm surpasses state-of-the-art selection methods in all simulated scenarios, with an increased diffusion efficiency ranging between +0.15% up to +173.53% (22.36% on average), without compromising either diffusion coverage or speed.


By investigation and analysis of reading tendency on the students of 7 universities in Shanghai,we have found out something about reading behaviour and tendency.Based them,this paper suggests that how to cultivate and give guidance in reading of university students.


This paper presents power-optimal guidance for a planar space solar power satellite (SSPS). Power-optimal guidance is the attitude trajectory that maximizes the solar power transmitted by the SSPS....


This paper introduces Foundation Fieldbus system safe intrinsic of 31.25?kbit/s data transmission speed and the application of system mostly interrelated equipment in danger zone or safety zone,a few application examples for typical system showed.


ABSTRACT I argue that W.E.B. Du Bois' expulsion from academic sociology at the beginning of the twentieth century was not only animated by the gatekeepers' desire to maintain academe as a whites-only domain. It also constituted an active effort to defend Social Darwinist dogma, which dominated (white) social science at that time, from the formidable challenge of a resourceful and scientifically superior perspective. The successful exclusion of Du Bois (and his growing legion of colleagues) allowed sociology to drift into functionalist dogma, with its immutable hierarchy and denial of sociology's role in facilitating social change. The exclusion of Du Boisean analysis, which placed human agency – and especially subaltern groups – at the centre of social change – rendered sociological analysis irrelevant to addressing social problems and social justice, until the Civil Rights Movement in America broke down the walls of the sociological ghetto, allowing it to access the rich Du Boisean perspective.


based particle swarm optimization (CRPSO) technique for designing the 8th order low pass Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter. CRPSO, the much improved version of PSO, is a population based global heuristic search algorithm which finds near optimal solution in terms of a set of filter coefficients. Effectiveness of this algorithm is justified with a comparative study of some well established algorithms, namely, real coded genetic algorithm (RGA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Simulation results affirm that the proposed algorithm CRPSO, outperforms over its counterparts not only in terms of quality output i.e. sharpness at cutoff , pass band ripple, stop band ripple, and stop band attenuation but also in convergence speed with assured stability.


The martian surface is no longer protected by a global magnetic field or substantial atmosphere and so is essentially unshielded to the flux of cosmic rays. This creates an ionising radiation field on the surface and subsurface that is hazardous to life and the operation of spacecraft instruments. Here we report the modelling approach used to characterise this complex and time-variable radiation environment and discuss the wider applications of the results generated.


As many other modern programming languages, Pharo spreads its applications into computationally demanding fields such as machine learning, big data, cryptocurrency, etc. This raises a need for fast numerical computation libraries. In this work, we propose to speed up the low-level computations by calling the routines from highly optimized external libraries, e.g., LAPACK or BLAS through the foreign function interface (FFI). As a proof of concept, we build a prototype implementation of linear regression based on the DGELSD routine of LAPACK. Using three benchmark datasets of different sizes, we compare the execution time of our algorithm agains pure Pharo implementation and scikit-learn — a popular Python library for machine learning. We show that LAPACK&Pharo is up to 2103 times faster than pure Pharo. We also show that scikit-learn is 8-5 times faster than our prototype, depending on the size of the data. Finally, we demonstrate that pure Pharo is up to 15 times faster than the equivalent implementation in pure Python. Those findings can lay the foundation for the future work in building fast numerical libraries for Pharo and further using them in higher-level libraries such as pharo-ai.


In order to control the alternate bearing of Satsuma orange, the effects of fruit thinning on the fruit growth and yield in the current year and on number of flowers, shoot growth and yield in the following year were investigated from 1935 to 1950. 1. The decrease in the yield of the current year by the fruit thinning was only slight, because of the increase in size of the remaining fruits. Increases in the number of flowers and yield were obtained in the following year. The total yield of the two succeeding years was increased and annual amount of crop obtained by the fruit thinning was nearly equal in the two years. 2. Removing all the fruits on a particular branch increased markedly the number of flowers and fruit set in the following year on the branch, and the larger the branch, the greater the effect of thinning. 3. It was found that the most desirable ratio of fruit to leaves for the current year's crop and the following year's fruiting was 20 to 25 leaves per fruit for Satsuma orange on trifoliate orange rootstock, and 15 to 20 leaves per fruit for the one on Yuzu (Citrus junos) rootstock. 4. The earlier the fruits were thinned (including flower thinning), the more the effect was, though the thinning even in as late as mid-November showed some effect. However, the appropriate time of fruit thinning for Satsuma orange seems to be the early part of August in Okitsu, as physiological fruit dropping has been over by the end of July. 5. Even when the number of flowers was increased by the fruit thinning in the previous year, the number of shoots and their growth were not decreased, but rather increased in most cases.


Pollution, whether in the form of domestic wastewater or solid waste generated by daily activity, is to blame for this. In Indonesia, most domestic wastewater treatment still takes place locally, on-site, for instance, using septic tanks. The septic tank essentially only serves to precipitate the sludge content in home waste water, allowing it to contaminate soil, ground water, and eventually surface water bodies. There have been several domestic wastewater treatment facilities (WWTP) in Palembang City throughout the previous five years, both on a local and regional level, all of which are still in use. One of the city of Palembang's current WWTP facilities, Sekanak's WWTP is located not far from the river's edge. This WWTP was constructed to deal with the liquid waste generated by households in order to prevent direct pollution of the Sekanak River. This study used a quantitative descriptive method to accurately explain and represent the field circumstances based on the quantitative data that was collected. Installing an equalization tank in accordance with the input discharge to balance out the discharge of the collection tank and the discharge of the incoming wastewater will improve the old Sekanak WWTP. This method can be used to lessen and prevent water quality pollution from WWTP outputs.


Drinking water onboard Kalmar Maritime Academy's ship Calmare Nyckel has on previous sampling demonstrated insufficient quality. The reason for this has not been investigated before. This study examines and identifies the cause for the substandard water quality and support material for improvement has been developed. The material also contains a job description for rebuilding of the fresh water system and documents regarding installation of a freshwater generator. Water samples and examination of the fresh water system with endoscope was performed to verify the water quality onboard the ship. The results were analysed and a plan for improvement of water quality was recommended. The current fresh water system was investigated and unused components were identified. A description for removing the mentioned components was made. Kalmar Maritime Academy had acquired a used freshwater generator which was examined to determine whether it could be used onboard Calmare Nyckel. The examination revealed that it could not be used and the study proceeded to develop a quotation on a freshwater generator that Kalmar Maritime Academy had ordered in 2009. Material for the installation of the freshwater generator was created and includes assembly drawings, job descriptions, material requirements, plan for the assembly work and resource needs. The method and plan may in future investigations be used as aids to the improvement of water quality onboard similar vessels.


Although public agencies have existed for several decades, in Serbia, they are new forms of government bodies. The aspiration to modernize the public administration and harmonize it with modern trends can be an opportunity to see the stages of development and models of control and autonomy of the agency from the decades-long development of Swedish public agencies. The example of Croatia will show the potential of the former socialist state for such reforms and how important reforms are on the road to the European Union in the XXI century. Through the analysis of relevant literature and a comparative method, there are presented the reforms of public agencies being implemented in selected countries since their first appearance till nowadays. This paper focuses on the process of creation and development of public agencies in Sweden and Croatia, as members of the European Union, whose development of a public administration differs significantly, all in order to answer the questions: How much do public agencies contribute to decentralization? Are these bodies necessary for the approach and accession to the EU?


The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the skin explosion of cylindrical conductors of diameter 1–3 mm (copper, aluminum, titanium, steel 3, and stainless steel) at a peak magnetic field of 200–600 T. The experiments were carried out on the MIG pulsed power generator at a current of up to 2.5 MA and a current rise time of 100 ns. The surface explosion of a conductor was identified by the appearance of a flash of extreme ultraviolet radiation. A minimum magnetic induction has been determined below which no plasma is generated at the conductor surface. For copper, aluminum, steel 3, titanium, and stainless steel, the minimum magnetic induction has been estimated to be (to within 10%) 375, 270, 280, 220, and 245 T, respectively.


This paper analyses design protocols of professional engineers and engineering students using the FBS schema, testing two hypotheses related to the use of system 1 and system 2 thinking. Cognitive psychologists often characterise human thinking as comprising two modes: one that is fast and intuitive, and one that is slow and tedious. Daniel Kahneman, in his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, refers to these modes as "system 1" and "system 2" thinking, respectively. Its relevance for design thinking has already been shown conceptually; yet, there has not been any empirical validation for this claim. This paper provides empirical support for the existence of system 1 design thinking and system 2 design thinking.


Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, as well as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, have recently been widely used as therapeutics of type 2 diabetes [1]. According to the accumulation of clinical experience, cardiovascular protective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists have been focused [2,3]. Although these effects may partly be due to their indirect glucose-lowering and weight-losing effects [4], recent evidence has indicated their direct effects on endothelium.


An efficient improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm based weighted pheromone sharing mechanism (PM-MOPSO) approach for solving the power supply curve of electric arc furnace(EAF) steelmaking process is presented in this paper. In PM-MOPSO algorithm, the weighted pheromone sharing mechanism coordinates specific gravity among the optimal solutions; the position migration accelerates algorithm convergence speed; the clustering population compression maintains population diversity. Finally, the application shows that it reduces the electric energy consumption, shortens smelting time and improves lifetime of the furnace lining and cover. The result expresses that the algorithm is effective.


A mechatronic system is one in which mechanical, electrical and intelligent computer control are integrated. Two mechatronic systems were used in this thesis. One was a four axis industrial robot and the other a grinding machine. Friction exist in almost all mechanisms with moving parts and depending on the arrangement of the mechanical components may have a significant influence on the mechatronic system's overall performance. Both the mechatronic systems used in this thesis have large friction components. An understanding of friction and subsequent application of this understanding has been used in force estimation and control schemes and to develop control schemes that lead to improved low speed position tracking. At low velocities friction has highly non-linear characteristics. In many instances the friction at rest (the static friction) is higher than the friction when the mechanism is moving at low velocities. This in many mechanical systems leads to a phenomena referred to as "stick slip". Stick slip is a periodic cycle of alternating motion and rest which limits the velocity and position accuracy of many machines. An impulsive control scheme for low velocity position tracking which reduces the stick slip limit cycle was developed in this thesis. A force control scheme in which the applied force is estimated from servo motor information was also developed. The torque applied by the motor is made up of the torque accelerating the mechanical components, the torque required to overcome friction and the torque required to overcome an external force. For many mechanisms the largest force that the motor has to overcome is the friction component. Therefore accurate friction models of the mechanical system were used to extract the required


Five new peptaibols, longibramides A–E (1–5) with 11 amino acid residues, were isolated from a fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai DMG‐3‐1‐1, which was isolated from a mushroom Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) P. Kumm collected from coniferous forest in the subboreal area of northeast China. The structures of longibramides A–E were determined by their spectroscopic data (NMR and MS‐MS spectra), their absolute configurations were determined by X‐ray diffractions and Marfey's analyses. The X‐ray diffractions of longibramides A, B, and the similar CD spectra of A–E showed that they all had α‐helix conformations. Longibramides B and E showed moderate cytotoxicities against BV2 and MCF‐7 cells and also showed some inhibitory effects against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA T144. L‐trans‐Hyp was not commonly found in natural peptaibols, which was the 6th or 10th amino acid residue in longibramides C–E. The X‐ray diffractions of longibramides A and B afforded the accuracy conformations of their secondary structures, which maybe help to interpret the structure‐activity relationships of the family of peptaibols in the future.


Intensive dental care is needed when cleaning dental implants. Patients must be aware of the appropriate methods of brushing to achieve excellent dental hygiene. Proper use of dental floss will aid the dental care of the implants and avoid damage that may be caused through other methods.


The purpose of this study was to ascertain the beliefs of elementary teachers regarding the teaching and learning of science and the extent to which the teachers' beliefs were consistent with the philosophy underlying science education reform. Sixteen teachers from two school districts involved in a local systemic initiative for science education reform participated in the study. Each teacher was observed teaching a lesson from the program. The observation served as the context for an interview with the teacher regarding his or her beliefs about the teaching and learning of science. One overarching belief emerged: Teachers believe that the teaching and learning of science should be student centered. Five patterns of teachers' responses support this characterization of the teachers' belief. Although varying gaps exist between the teachers' beliefs and the principles of reform, the teachers' beliefs suggest that the teachers are moving in a direction consistent with science education reform. A modified case study of three teachers represents the patterns of beliefs expressed by teachers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed86:1–22, 2001.


The analysis on the basis of the two laws of thermodynamics entails that, in order to obtain work, two heat exchangers and one work exchanger are necessary (even if in general they are not sufficient). In general, two work exchangers (turbine and pump or compressor) are present. Nevertheless, since the presence of two work exchangers is not a consequence of the two laws of thermodynamics, one must not be surprised that in some cases it is possible to obtain work in a continuous process with only one work exchanger. A new pressure generator for a heat engine, which has been recently proposed, is one of these cases. The device works on the basis of the thermal transport of gas according to the "Knudsen effect".


Abstract Ferritin-labeled antibodies and lectins have been used to visualize endocytic vesicles in erythrocytes. Distinguishing preformed endocytic vesicles from invaginated plasma membrane has proved difficult especially since antibodies and lectins by themselves induce these changes in membrane configuration. We have used a transmission electron microscope technique (TEM) utilizing positive colloidal iron staining, employing as our model erythrocytes treated with cationic amphipathic drugs. Our technique allows fixation of cells at any point during drug treatment before staining. The membrane lining of unsealed but not of sealed vesicles was coated with electron dense ferric oxide grains. The formation of sealed vesicles is evidence for the fluidity of membranes of the erythrocytes of adults. The data also suggest that the mechanism may not be identical with every cationic amphiphile.


In recent years, U-Net and its extended variants have made remarkable progress in the realm of liver and liver tumor segmentation. However, the limitations of single-path convolutional operations have hindered the full exploitation of valuable features and restricted their mobility within networks. Moreover, the semantic gap between shallow and deep features proves that a simplistic shortcut is not enough. To address these issues and realize automatic liver and tumor area segmentation in CT images, we introduced the multi-scale feature fusion with dense connections and an attention mechanism segmentation method (MDAU-Net). This network leverages the multi-head attention (MHA) mechanism and multi-scale feature fusion. First, we introduced a double-flow linear pooling enhancement unit to optimize the fusion of deep and shallow features while mitigating the semantic gap between them. Subsequently, we proposed a cascaded adaptive feature extraction unit, combining attention mechanisms with a series of dense connections to capture valuable information and encourage feature reuse. Additionally, we designed a cross-level information interaction mechanism utilizing bidirectional residual connections to address the issue of forgetting a priori knowledge during training. Finally, we assessed MDAU-Net's performance on the LiTS and SLiver07 datasets. The experimental results demonstrated that MDAU-Net is well-suited for liver and tumor segmentation tasks, outperforming existing widely used methods in terms of robustness and accuracy.


The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is a solution to convert solar radiation into electrical energy. The optimization of the SCPP setup is essential to obtain a good ratio between the cost of the installation and the generated power. This paper presents a new design of a solar chimney power plant which is characterized by a combination of a convergent collector output and a divergent chimney bottom. This technical solution favors the overall performance and boosts the produced power of the SCPP. Comparing the proposed designs with a conventional prototype, the generated power could be raised by 32%. Indeed, this paper presents the performance of the solar chimney power plant while varying the chimney diameter. For each configuration, the features of the air flow characteristics such as the air temperature, the air velocity are illustrated and disputed. Results showed that the diameter of the chimney is an influential parameter in the optimization of the SCPP, since the diameter of the collector is restraint by the allowed space. Computational findings are confirmed by the use of experimental measurements which were recorded in South Tunisia, North Africa.


Objective: To explore the effect of probing of lacrimal passage with solcoseryl injected to treat obstruction of lacrimal passage . Methods: The 7~9 lumbar puncture probe was got rid of the pinpoint, polished to be a cavitary lacrimal passage probe. After lacrimal passage acrossed, solcoseryl was injected to help lacrimal passage endothelium recovering that made lacrimal passage dilatated and dredged. The other 85 eyes were probed by silver lacrimal probe and were washed out by 0.25% chloramphenicol with dexamethasone as control. Result: With 3 months follow-up, the total cure rate of observe group (102 eyes) was 97.05%, and of control group (85 eyes) was 9.41%. There was significant difference between two groups (P0.05).Conclusion: This method is effective in obstruction or narrow of lacrimal passage and is easy operated, and worthy of applying.


The paper compares the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return Methods paying particular attention to Mutually Exclusive Projects. In addition it looks into the reinvestment rate assumption concept. Using a different approach to those used to‐date, it is shown that the reinvestment assumption should not concern analysts, provided they use the Net Present Value Method.


Dynamic programming algorithms are developed for optimal capital allocation subject to budget constraints. We extend the work of Weingartner [Weingartner, H. M. 1966. Capital budgeting of interrelated projects: Survey and synthesis. Management Sci.127, March 485--516.] and Weingartner and Ness [Weingartner, H. M., D. N. Ness. 1967. Methods for the solution of the multi-dimensional 0/1 knapsack problem. Oper. Res.151, January--February 83--108.] by including multilevel projects, reinvesting returns, borrowing and lending, capital deferrals, and project interactions. We are able to handle dynamic programming models with several state variables because the optimal returns are monotone non-decreasing step functions. Computational experience with a variety of problems is reported.


Introduction A smoke-free environment protects children from exposure to involuntary smoke and also can reduce or prevent future smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine levels and correlates of parental behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules in homes, cars, and outdoor children's play areas among US households with underage children and 1 or more smoking parents. Methods We used data from the 2010–2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey and logistic regressions to model behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules in 3 settings. Results Overall, 60.1% of households with children and at least 1 smoking parent had voluntary smoke-free home rules. Approximately 84.6% and 71.5% of parents thought that smoking should not be allowed inside cars with children present and in outdoor play areas, respectively. Positive parental behavior and attitudes related to voluntary smoke-free rules were more likely among households with 2 parents, parents of higher education and household income, Hispanic parents, and parents of infants (P < .05). Conclusion Tobacco control and prevention efforts are needed to promote the voluntary adoption of smoke-free rules in homes, private cars, and outdoor children's play areas. Most parents from smoker households with underage children were supportive of smoke-free laws for cars and outdoor children's play areas, providing evidence and encouragement to policy makers to take action to restrict smoking in these locations.


SUMMARY Among antisera prepared with subcellular fractions of thymus, spleen, and lymph node cells, antiserum to thymus ribosomal fraction was most effective in prolonging the survival time of skin allografts in mice. Antiserum to spleen ribosomal fraction showed only minimal immunosuppressive effects.


Background: In response to policy recommendations, nine National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs) were established in England in 2008, aiming to create closer working between the health service and higher education and narrow the gap between research and its implementation in practice. The Greater Manchester (GM) CLAHRC is a partnership between the University of Manchester and twenty National Health Service (NHS) trusts, with a five-year mission to improve healthcare and reduce health inequalities for people with cardiovascular conditions. This paper outlines the GM CLAHRC approach to designing and evaluating a large-scale, evidence-and theory-informed, context-sensitive implementation programme.


Mosquitoes are found around our surroundings as they cause public disturbances whether harmful or beneficial. Mosquitoes are insect vectors which transmit many dreadful diseases causing serious health problems to human being. In this study, two sampling sites were selected, mud and concrete houses. Indoor mosquitoes were collected with the use of knock-down pyrethrum insecticide and morphological identification was done in the Insectary laboratory with the aid of a dissecting microscope, using standard procedures. A total of 748 adult mosquitoes were caught, out of which a higher  ravid with 33(9.48%) eache Abstract aboven be deduced from teh ely and carry our life acnumber of 400 (53.48%) mosquitoes were caught in mud houses while 348 (46.52%) were caught in concrete houses. Higher numbers of Culex sp were recorded in both mud houses and concrete houses. 345(51.96%) of the 400 mosquitoes from the mud houses were Culex sp while 55(65.48%) were Anopheles sp. Out of the 348 mosquitoes caught in the concrete houses, 319(48.04%) were Culex sp while 29(34.52%) were Anopheles. A highest number, 278(37.17%), of mosquitoes were caught in the month of July while the least number, 234(31.28%), was recorded in the month of June. Statistically, there was a significant difference between the relative abundance and distribution of mosquitoes based on months (P<0.05). The result of this study indicates the level of pollution in the area since Cullicines breed significantly in dirty stagnant water and due to the lack of proper drainage and sewage system in the study area. This can pose a serious health threat to the inhabitant. Health education will go a long way in sensitizing the inhabitants of the study area to avoid dumping of refuse indiscriminately.


Respiratory illnesses involve multiple parts of the respiratory system and includes ear infections, sinusitis, upper respiratory illnesses, asthma, pneumonia, influenza and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Many individual factors and extrinsic factors such as exposure to environmental stimuli, different allergens, air pollution, exposure to dust, various particulate matter and tobacco smoke also contributes to respiratory illness.
Air pollution from small and large-scale industrial areas have been considered dangerous to human health. Small-scale industries play a prominent role in environmental pollution.  Amongst the small sectors, the bricks kilns industry is growing very fast due to the rapid urbanization. In Asian countries, the workers are treated as bonded labourers, and they are working in conditions similar to slavery.
The present study aimed to find out the extent of occupational hazards in terms of respiratory disorders among workers working at traditional and advanced brick kilns. The researcher took the cross sectional data, conducted on 251 sample from traditional and advanced types of brick kilns from Maharashtra, state of India.
The study found strong relationship between hazardous environmental conditions and the physical and respiratory health of brick kiln workers. The findings of the study indicate that most of the brick kiln workers are at higher risk of experiencing occupational hazards in the form of respiratory illness.


This article contributes to a small body of criticism concerning Sylvester Judd's 1845 novel Margaret. Largely described as a "Transcendentalist" novel that critiques the Calvinist theology prevalent in late-eighteenth-early-nineteenth century New England village society, I argue for an interpretation of the novel that is concerned the interaction between Calvinism and the Congregationalist model of social and religious organization over time. Rather than just exposing the negative social ramifications Calvinist doctrines like total depravity can have on New England society, I assert that the novel exposes the limitations in Puritan Congregationalist ideals espoused by early figures such as John Winthrop through the example of Livingston. The new Unitarian-congregationalist model Livingston adopts in discarding Calvinism suggests Judd's resolute faith in Winthrop's original Congregationalist mission. Judd does not imagine a radical Utopia, but instead offers a more pragmatic reform that is fundamentally Unitarian in its emphasis on humanity's essential goodness and limitless capacity for moral improvement.


Ceria based materials are widely studied due to their good chemical stability as compared to perovskites, mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and catalytic properties in redox processes. These unique properties make them attractive for applications in electro-chemical devices like electrolytes, diffusion barrier layers in solid oxide cells and/or oxygen ion conducting membranes. Gadolinium Doped Ceria (GDC) is one of the promising materials of this class of materials. However, GDC shows low densification behavior if sintered in air, requiring high temperature (i.e., 1400 – 1600 °C) and long dwelling time (2 – 6 hours) to densify. As an alternative to conventional sintering, flash sintering has been shown to be an effective method of sintering for many kinds of ceramics including mixed ionic and electronic conductors.


The association between inherited thrombophilia and thrombotic disease in children is unclear. As a result, whether expensive thrombophilia tests are indicated in children is a contentious issue. This retrospective study aimed to assess the appropriateness of thrombophilia testing and the associated cost of inappropriate testing at a tertiary paediatric hospital.


Research findings tend to confirm anecdotal observations that instructors' teaching evaluations are influenced by students' grades, making some instructors feel pressured to reduce the academic rigor of their course in an attempt to get higher evaluations. To reduce this pressure, the current study tested whether distributive justice may explain the relationship between grades and student evaluation of teaching (SET) and how the fair process effect may moderate the relationship between distributive justice perceptions regarding grades and SET. Relying on the extant literature of procedural justice, we hypothesized that when students perceive no fair process that determines their grades, then: (a) the relationship between distributive justice perceptions and SET will be stronger and (b) the indirect effect of grades on SET via distributive justice perceptions will be stronger. Conversely, under conditions of strong fair process perceptions, these relationships will be attenuated. Using a survey of undergraduates' perceptions of course fairness, we found support for our proposed hypotheses. We discuss the implications of our findings for higher education faculty.


Copolyamides of nylon-4,6 and nylon-4,T were prepared by a two-step method: (1) a prepolymerization in an autoclave (40 min at 210°C) and (2) a postcondensation in the solid state (4 h, 260°C). On these materials was studied the melting behavior with DSC, the crystalline structure with WAXS, the water absorption, and the mechanical properties with a torsion pendulum. In these copolyamides the order was found to remain high, but the crystalline structures of -4,6 and -4,T were not isomorphous. The torsion moduli increased with -4,T content both at RT and at 140°C.


The work is devoted to the study of adaptive models of time series and the development of methods for their construction. The most problematic stage in the implementation of algorithms for time series forecasting methods is the identification of unknown parameters, on which the adequacy of the prediction depends. On the basis of economic data, a number of adaptive models have been studied: using exponential smoothing, Brown, Holt-Winters and Theil-Wage models, which take into account seasonality. It was found that the main difficulties arise in the selection of constant smoothing and the choice of coefficients, since no universal algorithm for their task exists. The paper proposes a method for integrating the adaptive method and the method of numerical optimization. As an optimization method, the non-gradient method was chosen - the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the use of which provided less error in the final forecast and convergence in all applications. Algorithms for finding the parameters to be identified, and a predictive model based on real data are presented. It is shown that in some cases the proposed model has an advantage over other models of time series.


Background: MSH2 germ line pathogenic variants are a well recognised cause of Lynch syndrome, predisposing individuals to a variety of malignancies, most usually colorectal and endometrial cancer.


The lattice cluster theory is used to analyze the pressure dependence of the effective Flory interaction parameter X eff observed in recent small-angle neutron scattering experiments for polymer blends. A description of this pressure dependence in blends requires a theory that contains a minimum of four empirical parameters, three interactions energies and one lattice cell volume, a set smaller than in the seven- or eight-parameter treatments generally employed with other methods. The conventional liquid mixture philosophy is used for determining this minimal set of parameters as follows : The self-interaction parameters and pure component cell volumes are obtained from fits to pure melt PVT data. A common combining rule then provides the blend cell volume as functions of those for the pure melts, but the common geometric combining rule for the heterocontact interaction energy is found to be grossly inadequate. Hence, this interaction parameter is chosen by fitting to blend data. Explicit comparisons with experimental data for polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) melts, PS/PVME blends, and PS-b-PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) diblock copolymers demonstrate that this minimal lattice cluster theory provides a good representation of melt equations of state, the composition, temperature, molecular weight, and pressure dependence of the small-angle neutron scattering, the composition dependence of the volume change on mixing, the spinodal curves, and the composition and temperature dependence of the blend correlation length. Additional predictions are presented concerning the stabilization and destabilization of blends by diblock copolymers.


One of the most important methods in current scientific and technological research is the process of modeling and simulation of real experiments as well as the modeling and simulation of feedback regulated systems. As a system approach, modeling and simulation is a discipline with its own theory and research methodology.

This paper focuses to the process of modeling and simulation of real experiment and experimental device. This paper will, step by step, show the process of the creation of a static and dynamic mathematical model and its representation in a simulation model as a computer application written in a standard programming language. A case study of the process of modeling and simulation including the multidisciplinary approach is demonstrated for a seven storey rectification column.


Synopsis : The mechanism of hanging caused by the dust in reducing gas in the reduction shaft furnace was investigated. Through experimental studies using a rectangler model and theoretical studies using a two dimensional mathematical simulation model, it was clarified that the dust in reducing gas sticked on the packed particles to form a dust blockade zone in front of tuyered and when the dust concentration of reducing gas was high or the descending velocity of packed bed was low, the dust blockade zone was expanded and the gas pressure drop was increased to cause hanging.


The purpose of this essay is to illuminate in what aspects IKEA's organizational culture in Umraniye in Turkey differs alternatively resembles with IKEA's organizational culture in Orebro in Sweden ...


The return migration of Latin American nikkeijin to Japan is unprecedented in the country's history. Never has Japan been faced with so many returning Japanese who are so culturally different. Their presence profoundly challenges the country's long-held beliefs about Japanese ethnicity, race, and culture. Although the media are reputed to be the principal agents of social change, their coverage of these nikkeijin immigrants does more to reinforce than challenge traditional Japanese ethnic and cultural assumptions. (Migration, ethnicity, media, Japan) In the early 1990s, a popular weekly Japanese television program called Naruhodo za Warudo (Let's Go! The World) introduced Japanese audiences to the different customs, foods, and peoples of foreign societies. However, in one particular show the exotic person introduced was not an African or Melanesian, but a Latin American nikkeijin (Japanese descendant born and raised outside Japan). A Japanese Peruvian who had been crowned the Miss Nikkei beauty pageant queen was paraded onstage in a traditional Japanese kimono. Although she looked completely Japanese, the audience was greatly amused when she stumbled over the simplest Japanese lines she had been fed and eventually resorted to Spanish. This is an example of how the Japanese media exoticize the nikkeijin as ethnic curiosities who do not fit the Japanese notion that those of Japanese descent should be culturally Japanese as well. The Latin American nikkeijin have become much more than ethnic anomalies in Japan. With a population of well over 300,000, they have become the second largest group of foreigners in Japan after the Korean Japanese, and their numbers continue to grow steadily despite the country's prolonged economic recession. The largest group of nikkeijin immigrants are the Japanese Brazilians, who began migrating to Japan in the late 1980s in response to a severe Brazilian economic crisis and a crippling shortage of unskilled labor in Japan (Tsuda 1999a). Although they are relatively well educated and middle class in Brazil, they earn five to ten times their Brazilian salaries as factory workers in Japan. Almost all of them initially went to Japan with intentions to work for a few years and then return to Brazil with their savings, so they have been called dekasegi (temporary migrant workers). However, many remained, brought their families to Japan, and became long-term settlers (Roth 1999:150-54; Tsuda 1999b; Yamanaka 2000). Most of the Japanese Brazilian return migrants are second and third generation (nisei and sansei and no longer culturally Japanese. Therefore, despite their Japanese descent, they are treated as foreigners in Japan because of the narrow definition of what constitutes being Japanese, and have become the country's newest ethnic minority. The Brazilian nikkeijin have attracted a disproportionate amount of Japanese media attention, which has thrust them prominently into public awareness (Tsuda 2003:xiii-xv). As a result, even though many Japanese have not personally encountered Japanese Brazilians, most know of them. In low-immigration countries like Japan, most information and impressions about immigrants are obtained from the media, since the public has little contact with them. In addition, the media in Japan are powerfully influential. The Japanese watch an average of three hours and 23 minutes of television a day (Pharr 1996a:5), (1) an hour more than the average for Americans. Just as notable as the attention Japanese television receives is the amount of respect it has in Japanese society. According to a Research Institute of Japan survey, 56 per cent of the public expressed strong confidence in the credibility of television programming, compared with less than 20 per cent in the United States, according to Gallup/Harris polls (Pharr 1996a:15). Another study found that executives in a variety of organizations (including business, labor, academics, politics, and government) rank the media as the most influential institution in Japan (cited in Pharr 1996b: 19 and Verba et al. …


This research aimed at evaluating the adsorption of trivalent chromium present in high concentrations [about 100–170 mg Cr(III) L−1 ] in effluents on various types of wastewater sludges, namely, primary sludge (PWS), secondary sludge (SWS), mixed sludge (primary+secondary) (MWS), physicochemical treatment sludge (CWS), and agro-processing industry sludge (AWS). Adsorption tests of chromium were carried out at 25±1°C in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks at various adsorbent concentrations (2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 g L1 ) for all types of sludges studied (PS, SWS, MWS, CWS, and AWS). A synthetic chromium nitrate [Cr( NO3 )3 ⋅9 H2 O] solution adjusted to pHi =3.2 at 112 mg L−1 was used. The results revealed that CWS had the best adsorption capacity for chromium, followed by SWS, and adsorption capacity of the different wastewater sludges was in the following order: CWS>SWS⩾MWS>PWS>AWS . Kinetic adsorption studies also showed that almost complete removal of chromium in solution was reached in the first 2 h of reaction...


The temporal variability of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration affects streamflow from daily to long‐term scales, but the relative roles of different climate variabilities on streamflow at daily, monthly, annual, and mean annual scales have not been systematically investigated in the literature. This paper developed a new daily water balance model, which provides a unified framework for water balance across timescales. The daily water balance model is driven by four climate forcing scenarios (observed daily climate and observed daily climate with its intra‐monthly, intra‐annual, and inter‐annual variability removed) and applied to 78 catchments. Daily streamflow from the water balance model is aggregated to coarser timescales. The relative roles of intra‐monthly, intra‐annual, and inter‐annual climate variability are evaluated by comparing the modeled streamflow forced with the climate forcings at two consecutive timescales. It is found that daily, monthly, and annual streamflow is primarily controlled by the climate variability at the same timescale. Intra‐monthly climate variability plays a small role in monthly and annual streamflow variability. Intra‐annual climate variability has significant effects on streamflow at all the timescales, and the relative roles of inter‐annual climate variability are also significant to the monthly and mean annual streamflow, which is often disregarded. The quantitative evaluation of the roles of climate variability reveals how climate controls streamflow across timescales.


At the Ulster Museum in Belfast two artefacts connect the momentous events of 1916 with the thirty years of conflict in Northern Ireland brought to an end by the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. One piece is the work of republican prisoners interned aboard HMS Maidstone in the Belfast docks in the early 1970s: a plaque, signed by its creators, bearing a portrait of the only socialist among the leaders of the Easter Rising in Dublin, James Connolly. The other is a painting by Gusty Spence, the founder of the modern loyalist paramilitary group, the Ulster Volunteer Force. It commemorates the Battle of the Somme: two soldiers in silhouette, bugles to their lips, on either side of a standard bearing the words 'In Immortal Memory', a reference to the 5,000 troops from the 36th Ulster Division who were killed or injured going over the top on 1 July 1916. These two objects not only bring home the importance of history and memory to the paramilitaries who fought each other during the Troubles but also point to how the story of the modern conflict is already being crafted for current political debates and future generations. As William Blair writes, the greatest challenge for the Ulster Museum in the near future will not be remembrance of the battles of a century ago but 'dealing with the difficult and divisive legacy of "the Troubles"'.1 This is also an issue which historians have already begun to confront, often through their contributions to the debates surrounding the so-called 'Decade of Centenaries', stretching from the Home Rule crisis of 1912 to the end of the Irish revolution in 1923. These five books deal with the politics of memory in Ireland generally, and Northern Ireland in particular, and how memorialisation of traumatic events – official, unofficial and private – has shaped both the public sphere and the hidden recesses of everyday life. Two almost simultaneous events from 1916 – the Easter Rising in Dublin and the Battle of the Somme – have acquired extraordinary resonance in the contemporary politics of memory in Northern Ireland.


Abstract : This article details the events that shaped development of the Army's senior cyberspace network operations technicians, MOS 255Z, and outlines the shifting responsibilities that are making repurposing of the MOS necessary.


Objective To understand the risk factors and preventing methods of drainage tube infection in patients after operation on thorax and abdominal regions.Methods Nursing methods were analyzed and summarized for 173 patients after operation on thoraxamd abdominal regions from January 2004 to December 2006.Results Of all 173 patients,2 were infected in the outlets of the tubes,no retrograde infection happened.Conclusions The correct drainage position and strict nursing methods have great importance in directing clinical nursing works.


The paper attempts to examine the low participation of Female in science and technology education in Nigeria. It critically analyses the situation and identifies factors that contribute to this undesirable trend. The paper further discusses the implication of the status quo on women and national development. Suggestions to remedy the problem such as the provision of gender sensitive school environment, provision of scholarship scheme and positive discriminatory policies and practices for female science students and graduates have been proffered.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract This paper presents a single-phase to three-phase drive system composed of two parallel single-phase rectifiers, a three-phase inverter, and an induction motor. It gives the comparison between the single-phase rectifier and two parallel single-phase rectifiers drive system. The proposed system permits to reduce the rectifier switch currents, the THD of the grid current with same switching frequency or the switching frequency with same THD of the grid current and to increase the fault tolerance characteristics. In addition, the losses of the proposed system may be lower than that of the conventional one topology. Even with the increase in the number of switches, the total energy loss of the proposed system may be lower than that of a conventional one. A suitable control strategy, including the pulse width modulation technique (PWM), is developed. Finally a MATLAB Simulation based model is developed for single phase rectifier and two rectifier system and simulation results are presented.


【Task】 The present invention is a water-soluble, provides a composition comprising xanthohumol / cyclodextrin complex stability is improved compared to xanthohumol alone. .FIELD 1A


Objective To investigate the bioequivalence of venlafaxine hydrochloride capsules in Chinese healthy volunteers.Methods 50 mg test preparation and reference preparation were given to 24 male healthy volunteers in randomized two-way crossover design and blood samples in 36 h were collected.HPLC-MS/MS was used to determine plasma concentrations of venlafaxine.The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability were calculated by DAS to evaluate bioequivalence.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the two preparation were as follows: Cmax were(59.32±17.21) and(60.58±17.42) μg·L-1,Tmax were(2.08±0.46) and(2.25±0.55) h,T1/2 were(6.69±1.67) and(6.35±1.69) h,AUC0-36 were(524.65±227.01) and(528.22±226.57) μg·L-1·h,AUC0-∞were(544.81±246.05) and(546.85±244.62) μg·L-1·h,respectively.The mean relative bioavailability of test preparation and reference preparation were(100.37±10.41)%.Conclusion The statistical analysis shows the two preparations are bioequivalent.


Chapter 1: Diet by Design: Healthy Meal Planning Chapter 2: Face-to-Face: Nutrition Screening, Assessment, and Counseling Techniques Chapter 3: Finding Your Weight: Mastering Weight Management Chapter 4: From Infants to Ancients: Nutrition Throughout the Lifecycle Chapter 5: Matters of the Heart: Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Chapter 6: A Not-So-Sweet Metabolic Disruption: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 7: A Pain in the Gut: Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disoders Chapter 8: Blood and Bones: Nutrition in Musculoskeletal Disorders, Rheumatic Disease, and Anemias Chapter 9: Nutrition in Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Kidney Disease Chapter 10: Skin, Surgery, and Stress: Nutrition in Metabolic Stress, Cancer, and HIV/AIDS Chapter 11: When Food Won't Do: Nutrition Support Chapter 12: Nutrition as a Complementary and Alternative Medicine Chapter 11:Renal and Hepatobiliary Diseases Chapter 12: Alternative and Complementary Nutrition Therapies


• Absence of thick filaments from A bands in 30% of myofibers, which gave apparently normal histochemical reactions for myosin adenosine triphosphatase, was seen in a case of periarteritis nodosa. The pathogenesis of the condition remains uncertain, but immunologic, toxic, or viral causation may be involved. This pathological change seems to be reversible with a good prognosis.


Introduction: Passive Microvolume Irrigation (PMI) with Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been proposed as a new method for root canal disinfection. It is based on the concept that irregular surface characteristics of endodontic instruments can carry NaOCl into the canal space with controlled fluid volume, without applying any pressure. Aim: To compare and evaluate the efficacy of 3% and 5% NaOCl PMI, Saline PMI, and 3% NaOCl Standard Irrigation (SI) in removing the Smear Layer (SL) from the root canal walls at the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of single-rooted teeth. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at Vishnu Dental College, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was conducted in February 2018. Forty maxillary central incisors with a single canal, extracted within three months of the study, were collected. The teeth were divided into four groups (n=10) based on the irrigation method: Group-1 (3.0% NaOCl SI), Group-2 (3.0% NaOCl PMI), Group-3 (5.0% NaOCl PMI), and Group-4 (Saline PMI). All samples were instrumented upto F4 size with Protaper rotary files, and a final rinse of 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) was used. SL removal was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0. Statistical tests used were Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all comparisons. Results: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in SL removal between 3.0% NaOCl SI, 3.0% NaOCl PMI, and 5.0% NaOCl PMI in the middle and apical thirds of the root canals. However, 5.0% NaOCl PMI showed significantly higher efficiency in SL removal at the cervical third compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Passive microvolume irrigation with 3% and 5% NaOCl showed comparable efficacy to 3% hypochlorite SI in the middle and apical thirds of the root canal.


The Micro-Accelerator Platform is an optical-wavelength microstructure for laser acceleration of particles, currently under development at UCLA. It is a slab-symmetric structure and can be constructed in layers using existing nanofabrication techniques. We present several possible fabrication techniques and preliminary experimental outcomes for manufacturing this structure.


By 3D finite element analysis of locking mechanism, spherical graphite is propounded to make the moving platen instead of cast-steel. The design parameters of frame geometrical sizes, plate thickness, and positions of muscles which affect the strength of moving moldboard are investigated. The moving moldboard's optindzation design provides an important theoretical basis for locking mechanism's improvement.


Pulse-heating experiments were performed on the strip specimen, taking the specimen from room temperature to melting point based on rapid resistive self-heating of the specimen. The normal spectral emissivity of the specimen was measured by integrating sphere reflectometry developed at HIT. At the same time, the radiance temperature is measured by high-speed pyrometer from 1100K to melting point. Details of the measurement technique, measurement apparatus and the calibration technique are described. Results of normal spectral emissivity of niobium at 905nm from room temperature to its melting point are presented and discussed.


Helen Hobbs, an HHMI investigator, professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and director of the Dallas Heart Study, is best known for her research focused on identifying genetic factors that predispose people to developing metabolic disorders and heart disease. By studying outliers in the Dallas Heart Study, Hobbs (Figure 1) uncovered a genetic defect responsible for low blood LDL cholesterol levels. This work on the target PCSK9 has led to a hotbed of drug development, with FDA approval likely this year. To hear Hobbs's stories about being mortified by initially getting some Cs in high school, her love of the wide, open spaces in Texas, and how she considered a stint as a cruise ship doctor, find the full interview on the JCI website (https://www.jci.org/videos/cgms). JCI: What were your parents like? Hobbs: My parents married when they were 19 and 21 when my father came back from World War II. He did his first year and a half at Harvard before going off to war, but never graduated. He got married, moved to Puerto Rico to run a slip factory, and then wrote every month to Harvard Business School to try to get in. Finally, they let him in, even though he didn't have an undergraduate degree. He went to business school, and that's when I was born, in Boston. My mother was a very tough, but loving woman. She was very exacting. JCI: Did your father's work as a businessman leave an early impression? Hobbs: I never wanted to do business, even though my father loved his work, and all three of my brothers went into business. My father wanted to have each one of us represent one of the professions: one of my brothers was to be the businessman, one brother to be a lawyer, one brother to be a teacher, and I was to... Even though he always told me I had to have a career, he didn't have a set one for me. But he was the person who got me thinking about medicine. When I was about seven, we were watching a program on TV about how 70% of the doctors in Russia were women. He turned to me, and he said, "You know, I think you would make a great doctor." I was interested in art and art history. Not a good artist myself, but loved art. By the middle of my freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania, I looked at all the course offerings and I just couldn't see ahead four years. Plus I had this wanderlust. I had grown up outside of Boston, and all of my brothers went to Harvard, and I really wanted to go west. So I applied to Stanford and got in and went there sight unseen. Once there, I joined the human


Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are strong candidates for use in high-temperature engineering applications. As such, the thermodynamic properties as a function of temperature for a variety of RHEA systems need to be studied. In the present work, thermodynamic quantities such as entropy, enthalpy, heat capacity at constant volume, and linear thermal expansion are calculated for three quaternary and three quinary single-phase, BCC RHEAs: AlMoNbV, NbTaTiV, NbTaTiZr, AlNbTaTiV, HfNbTaTiZr, and MoNbTaVW. First-principle calculations based on density functional theory are used for the calculations, and special quasirandom structures (SQSs) are used to represent the random solid solution nature of the RHEAs. A code for the finite temperature thermodynamic properties using the Debye-Grüneisen model is written and employed. For the first time, the finite temperature thermodynamic properties of all 24 atomic configuration permutations of a quaternary RHEA are calculated. At most, 1.7% difference is found between the resulting properties as a function of atomic configuration, indicating that the atomic configuration of the SQS has little effect on the calculated thermodynamic properties. The behavior of thermodynamic properties among the RHEAs studied is discussed based on valence electron concentration and atomic size. Among the quaternary RHEAs studied, namely AlMoNbV, NbTaTiZr, and NbTaTiV, it is found that the presence of Zr contributes to higher entropy. Additionally, at lower temperatures, Zr contributes to higher heat capacity and thermal expansion compared to the alloys without Zr, possibly due to its valence electron concentration. At higher temperatures, Al contributes to higher heat capacity and thermal expansion, possibly due its ductility. Among the quinary systems, the presence of Mo, W, and/or V causes the RHEA to have a lower thermal expansion than the other systems studied. Finally, when comparing the systems with the NbTaTi core, the addition of Al increases thermal expansion, while the removal of Zr lowers the thermal expansion.


The detection of important immunocompetence‐like features on endocrine steroid cells raises questions about direct intercellular communication between the adrenal and immune systems. This article summarizes our recent work and new data on immune–adrenal interactions.


As an intermediate medium of storage medium, the film becomes the image of linguistic significance due to the addition of emotional elements. As a form of video art, meanwhile, the theme of Chinese left-behind children itself has strong vitality, which makes Chinese left-behind children themed films have natural emotional attributes in emotional expression. As an art form combining visual and auditory, Chinese left-behind children films mainly come from three aspects: first, the left-behind children films themselves; second, the emotions of left-behind children film filmmakers, and finally, the emotions of left-behind children film audiences.


SUMMARYPotassium permanganate fixed conidia and hyphae of Neurospora crassa were studied with the electron microscope. The cell wall comprises an outer friable electrondense portion and an inner electron-light region where the fibers seem to be longitudinally oriented. The endoplasmic reticulum is sparse and discontinuous in the conidium but a well developed lamellar system is present in the mycelium; in some instances the ends of the reticulum enlarge to form vesicles. Rounded nuclei are observed both in the hyphae and the conidia, but in the former elongated nuclei also occur. In one case, migrating elongated nuclei in the hyphae are seen to squeeze through a septal pore. In properly fixed material, nucleoplasm is differentiated to electron-dense and electron-light areas. Well defined nuclear envelopes, nuclear pores and continuities between endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelopes also are observed. Mitochondria show variations in form, size and structure. Some of the mitochondria eventually give ri...


Objectives: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients in the early stages of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) often have few or no symptoms, normal to borderline pulmonary function tests, and negative chest X-ray (CXR); high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the only reliable means of detecting the early signs of PF. However, thoracic ultrasound (TUS) enables detection of pleural thickening, pleural/subpleural nodules, and other subpleural lung abnormalities across 70% of the subpleural surface. We reassessed concordance between TUS abnormalities and HRCT findings in SSc patients, to see whether TUS pleural line thickness (normally < 3.0 mm) could be used to earmark those with asymptomatic PF for timely HRCT assessment. Method: In total, 175 SSc patients (nine males, 166 females), aged 46.46 ± 15.33 years, were given CXR, TUS, HRCT, echocardiography, and pulmonary function tests. Results: In the 26 patients without HRCT signs of PF, pleural line thickness was ≤ 3.0 mm. In diffuse SSc, 97/137 patients showed pleural line thickening (between 3.0 and 5 mm) and subpleural nodules in 32/97; and 35/137 showed major pleural line thickening (≥ 5.0 mm) with nodules, with good concordance with HRCT patterns indicating lung fibrosis severity. HRCT was normal in 5/137, with pleural line thickness ≤ 3.0 mm. Conclusions: TUS imaging of pleural/subpleural structures can detect ultrasonographic signs of initial PF prior to the onset of respiratory symptoms and function test abnormalities and, together with current criteria, could thereby enable exclusion of PF in SSc patients. Indicating some patients for selective referral to HRCT can thereby delay unwarranted procedures, provided that pulmonary function and TUS images are stable.


Objective To observe the clinic efficacy of Sheduqing mixture on treating snake bite by Bungarus fasciatus.Methods The 71 cases was divided into two groups,the treatment group(35 cases) and the control group(36 cases).All of them were accepted regular treatment.The treatment group were treated with Sheduqing mixture in addition.To compare the data of serum CK,LDH,AST between two groups(after 48 h),to compare the therapeutic efficacy(after 5 days),the period of treatment and the number of respiratory failure between two groups.Results The clinical efficacy between two groups had significant difference(P0.05);the serum CK,LDH,AST of two groups,the period of treatment and the number of respiratory failure between two groups had significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Sheduqing mixture had marked efficacy in treating snake bite by Bungarus fasciatus.


This article examines survey findings on the political characteristics of attendees of the 2005 and 2007 World Social Forum meetings and the 2007 U.S. Social Forum in Atlanta. At each meeting, social forum attendees were generally less satisfied with the major institutions shaping the global economy and more active within social movements compared to the general population. Nevertheless, there was considerable variation in the political views and activities of attendees across these three venues, attesting to the importance of the forum location and local organizers for shaping participant composition. Differences between respondents from the host city and country and international respondents varied across venues, but local respondents were generally less radical, had fewer affiliations to political organizations, and protested less compared to other respondents.


Abstract Civil engineering network is virtually orient to develop high-performance materials with eco-friendly construction to welfare of the society. Undoubtedly, water plays an important role in the performance of concrete to provide workability, strength, and other durability properties. Magnetic water being salt free and its properties are turning out to be as good as potable water. When water is passing through a magnetic field, water molecules get rearranged inside the structure, which allows the water to seep through more effectively than normal water in cementitious particles, thereby enabling the hydration process to operationalize faster and effective. Based on the preliminary studies, it has observed that workability of M40 grade concrete mixed with magnetic water is improved significantly without compromising its strength and also it has been observed that the strength achievement is faster than the conventional concrete with the considerable reduction of cement content. This research paper intends to investigate the efficient utilization of magnetic water in M40 grade concrete and to study the enhancement of its properties on hardened concrete and structural behavior of prestressed concrete (PSC) beams such as load carrying capacity, ductility factor, and energy absorption capacity. These properties are comparatively studied for pre-tensioned reinforced concrete (RC) beam subjected to central concentrated load for concrete mixing to use the normal water and magnetic water. Utilization of magnetic water on pre-tensioned concrete beams is improving the flexural strength by 25%. The characterization study on concrete with magnetic water such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy substantiates hydrated products of cements at early ages. Further the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies demonstrate the high degree of hydration of cement with separation of calcium hydroxide (CH) crystal using magnetic water.


List of published work using this procedure: Kustrimovic, N., Comi, C., Magistrelli, L., Rasini, E., Legnaro, M., Bombelli, R., Aleksic, I., Blandini, F., Minafra, B., Riboldazzi, G., Sturchio, A., Mauri, M., Bono, G., Marino, F., & Cosentino, M. (2018). Parkinson's disease patients have a complex phenotypic and functional Th1 bias: cross-sectional studies of CD4+ Th1/Th2/T17 and Treg in drug-naïve and drug-treated patients. Journal of neuroinflammation, 15(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1248-8 DOI dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmhxk37n PROTOCOL CITATION Marco Cosentino, Elisa Storelli, Alessandra Luini, Massimiliano LM Legnaro, Emanuela Rasini, Marco Ferrari, Franca Marino 2020. PBMC05 In Vitro Culture of TEFF+TREG Cytokine Production by TEFF. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmhxk37n LICENSE This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited CREATED Sep 18, 2020 LAST MODIFIED Nov 19, 2020 PROTOCOL INTEGER ID 42263 1 11/19/2020 Cita tion : Marco Cosentino, Elisa Storelli, Alessandra Luini, Massimiliano LM Legnaro, Emanuela Rasini, Marco Ferrari, Franca Marino (11/19/2020). PBMC05 In Vitro Culture of TEFF+TREG Cytokine Production by TEFF. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmhxk37n This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Crea tive Com m ons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited MATERIALS TEXT MATERIALS Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) EuroClone Catalog #ECS0180L-500 ml RPMI 1640 EuroClone Catalog #ECM 0495L500 ml Penicillin/Streptomycin EuroClone Catalog #ECB3001D 100 ml L-Glutamine 100X 100mL EuroClone Catalog #ECB3000D M-Phytohaemagglutinin powder Sigma Aldr ich Catalog #L8902-25 mg Human Interleukin 2 lyophilized powder research grade Miltenyi Biotec Catalog #130-097-742 Instrumentation needed: Sterile plastic disposables Laminar Flow Hood Humidified 37°C, 5% CO2 incubator 1 Isolate TEFF and TREG with Miltenyi Kit according to the protocol PBMC03 . 2 Count both TEFF and TREG following the appropriate protocol. 3 Use sterile 96-well round bottom plates. [Consider that these plates can contain a volume of maximum 250μL] 4 Centrifuge TEFF and TREG at 1200 x g, Room temperature , 00:05:00 Allegra AVANTI 30 Centrifuge Beckman Coulter Beckman Italy 5 Resuspend TEFF and TREG in complete culture medium at a concentrat ion of 1x106/mL . 2 11/19/2020 Cita tion : Marco Cosentino, Elisa Storelli, Alessandra Luini, Massimiliano LM Legnaro, Emanuela Rasini, Marco Ferrari, Franca Marino (11/19/2020). PBMC05 In Vitro Culture of TEFF+TREG Cytokine Production by TEFF. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmhxk37n This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Crea tive Com m ons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited 6 According to the experimental design, activate a desired number of wells containing TEFF cel ls with PHA 5μg/ml (final concentration) and IL-2 40 ng/mL (final concentration) by diluting the stock aliquots. Leave also wells of TEFF unstimulated (resting control). 7 Put TEFF-CPD labeled cel ls and TREG cel ls in the 96-well plate at a rat io of 1:1(for example, 0.1x106 TEFF + 0.1x106 TREG) and activate the cells il the well directly (see step 7 for concentrations): include 1 control co-culture (not treated with test substance) and treated co-cultures (+test substance) according to your experimental design. 8 Include also a culture of rest ing and activated TEFF alone (for example 0.2x106per well), as control for the subsequent ELISA test. 9 Put the plate in a 37 °C incubator for 48 hours. 10 At the end of cell culture, col lect the supernatant in eppendorf tubes (1.5mL) and centri fuge them at 1200 x g, Room temperature , 00:05:00 in order to eliminate any residual cells. Allegra AVANTI 30 Centrifuge Beckman Coulter Beckman Italy 11 Collect supernatants and store them at -80°C until ELISA assay is performed. 3 11/19/2020 Cita tion : Marco Cosentino, Elisa Storelli, Alessandra Luini, Massimiliano LM Legnaro, Emanuela Rasini, Marco Ferrari, Franca Marino (11/19/2020). PBMC05 In Vitro Culture of TEFF+TREG Cytokine Production by TEFF. https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmhxk37n This is an open access protocol distributed under the terms of the Crea tive Com m ons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited


The aim of the article is to investigate the impact of commercialisation on household poverty in Malawi using the 1997/98 Integrated Household Survey data. The results indicate that overall those household who were more commercialised were better off than those who did not and thus commercialisation should be encouraged as a means of alleviating poverty. In terms of regional analysis the southern region and the central region results indicate that the more commercialised households were actually worse off. Furthermore, the livelihoods of the most vulnerable households (female headed and poor households) did not benefit from commercialisation. Therefore, in terms of policies, it is important that government should identify groups that are likely losers to commercialisation and hence the need for compensatory or socially protective policy design to socio-economic groups whose incomes have been reduced by commercialisation.


An algorithm for fast and robust face tracking with the CNN universal machine is proposed in this paper. It is applied to a driving mechanism for a wheelchair with an on-chip implementation. A novel object tracking CNN visual algorithm is introduced and employed in the tracking of multiple face features. The speed and robustness of this method are achieved due to the parallelism in the visual algorithm, and the tracking of multiple face features. The tracking algorithm is designed to achieve a high frame rate and exploit the specific properties of face features. The face tracking method proposed here was implemented on a Bi-I stand-alone cellular vision system and applied to a wheelchair driving mechanism. The template operations were trained and/or fine-tuned in order to generate chip-specific robust templates. In order to improve performance in environments with varying illumination, an adaptive image capture procedure was also introduced. Our simulations with a 3D model wheelchair showed that the final algorithm is capable of performing tracking with a frame rate of 92 frames/sec, which is supposedly enough for real-time driving in most of the real life situations


Sir Bradley Wiggins and Chris Froome step aside!! Harrogate businessmen Howard Marshall, of Marshall Zoing and Keith Hemmings, of Joe Manby Limited, ...


Abstract This article examines regionalism in the context of the EU inter-regional relations with Africa. It especially focuses on the EU–African Union (AU) relationship. It evaluates this relationship using a typology based on the policy diffusion literature and challenges the notion that the AU is a model of the EU. It addresses the institutionalisation of Africa's own regional integration process in the context of the EU's broader external relations practice, which prioritises support for local processes. Rather than a model, the article argues that the EU is best placed to serve as mentor to the AU as the latter seeks to foster regional integration in Africa. By mentoring, the EU is able to fulfil its overarching external relations commitments to local ownership, and realise deepened further integration in Africa.


HSCT is the only proven curative therapy for JMML. Matching donor and recipient HLA alleles is considered optimal to reduce the risk of GVHD after HSCT but is not always possible. Only a limited number of studies have compared the influence of HLA disparities on HSCT outcomes for patients with JMML.


Chiang Kai-shek lost his father when he was very young,which had profound influences on his personality and ways of doing things. In Chiang's memories,it was mentioned repeatedly that his father died when he was nine. Miserable and helpless was his childhood,in which the widowed mother was the only person respectable and trustful to him. The lack of "basic trust" at an early age fostered in him suspicion,over-sensitivity and a complex of vengeance. Without a disciplining father,Chiang became recalcitrant and willful,sick of any other's control.


who hid from tax collectors. In order to reclaim their stock, villagers had to pay their taxes. If they failed to ransom their livestock, the animals were sold at auction and state officials kept the proceeds (pp. 153–5). These extremely coercive measures undermined colonial control, as residents of Northern Nigeria challenged colonial authority in individual and collective ways. Some communities rebelled. Some individuals hid their animals during tax raids or set booby-traps, while some paid their taxes with counterfeit coins. Others used the pen: Samuel Cole-Edwards launched Northern Nigeria's first newspaper, the Nigerian Protectorate Ram, in September 1930 (p. 105). Cole-Edwards and his supporters offered strident criticisms of the state's strategy of austerity and taxes, such that officials felt threatened enough to bring charges against him. In response he fled to Onitsha, where he continued publishing the newspaper under a new name, the Nigerian Weekly Despatch. Northern officials might have succeeded in removing Cole-Edwards, but they did not put an end to the anti-colonial critique. Colonial Meltdown is sure to stimulate debate and discussion. Ochonu shows that the nature of exploitation in the pre-Depression era was different from that of the Depression era itself. Equally importantly, he demonstrates that the Depression imposed limits on the extraction of resources and, when confronted with those limits, colonial officials became more direct and exceedingly coercive. Colonial Meltdown also demonstrates that the intersection of the Depression, taxation, and anti-colonialism is a rich seam for economic and social historians. It simultaneously highlights not only the need for much more research to better document the imposition and nature of taxation in both Northern and Southern Nigeria but also the social and political consequences of the Depression. Finally, Ochonu provides a good model that can be applied to other regions of Nigeria and other parts of the continent.


Microfluidic systems, at least one microchannel with a wall 14, the plurality of wall-mounted 14 ciliary actuator elements 71, from the initial shape stimulating the plurality to cause a change in their shape to the final shape and means for applying to the ciliary actuator elements 71, the ciliary actuator elements 71 has an original shape when not exposed to the liquid. Ciliary actuator element 71 is adapted to respond to the presence of a particular liquid by changing their original shape to the initial shape. Response to the presence of a particular liquid is curved original shape of ciliary actuator elements. Application of stimuli to the plurality of ciliary actuator elements provides a way to locally manipulate the flow of complex fluids in microfluidic systems.


2.1.1 The scope of civics and citizenship in ICCS 2016 The civic and citizenship framework identifies and defines those aspects of cognitive and affective-behavioral content that should be considered important learning outcomes of civic and citizenship education. It should be noted that within the context of this framework the term "learning outcomes" is used in a broad way and is not confined to school learning. The way students develop cognitive knowledge and understanding of civics and citizenship, as well as affective-behavioral dispositions towards civics and citizenship, may depend on many factors beyond their learning environment at school (see Amnå, Ekström, Kerr, & Stattin, 2009; Pancer, 2015; Pancer, & Pratt, 1999). The factors influencing students' development of these learning outcomes are mapped and described in the contextual framework.


Abstract Since the appearance of the first report of the resonance Raman spectrum (RRS) of hemoglobin by Spiro and Strekas(1), there has been a great deal of attention focussed on the RRS of other heme proteins and metalloporphyrins(2–5).


Abstract : The report introduces the concept of adaptive aiding as a means of improving performance in remote handling, and describes the development, realization and experimental evaluation of a system based on this concept. The system incorporates an automaton that is able to supplement the operator's control of a powered manipulator arm as well as act as a parallel controller. The operator positions the manipulator in three dimensions by means of joystick control; a foot-pedal opens and closes the manipulator claw. The behavior of the automaton is established through a process of learning -- observing the human operator's control actions relative to the environment and the manipulator output, and developing a decisionmaking policy. Initially, the manipulator is totally controlled by the operator, while the automaton acts as a passive observer. As operation continues, behavior patterns are acquired by the automaton, and gradually it is transformed from a passive observer to an active controller. (Author)


Disparlure-treated hydrophobic filter paper was distributed by aircraft in 40-acre plots at the rate of 20 mg/acre (about 5400 pieces 1/4-in-square/acre, each piece containing about 4 µg of disparlure). For 6 days this treatment almost completely prevented released males of Porthetria dispar (L.) from locating traps baited either with a single live virgin female or with 10 µg of disparlure. Three weeks after applying the lure-treated paper, captures of released male moths in the treated areas, when compared with captures of released moths in untreated areas, were depressed 93 and 67% in plots containing traps baited with live females and disparlure, respectively. The disparlure-baited traps consistently attracted more males than those baited with live females. Traps placed at a height of 1 m generally caught more moths than those placed at a level of 4 to 5 m. Captures of male moths were recorded 1 and 24 hr after release of the males; most captures were made within the 1st hour. The data indicate that the use of disparlure in this manner to prevent gypsy moth mating in very light infestations shows high promise, hut that a disparlure formulation of greater persistence is needed if mating is to be depressed adequately for an entire season with a single application.


Based on the thesis data collected on CNKI, the present paper reviews the domestic studies on library laws during the period 2008-2012. The papers and theses on CNKI are counted by the distribution of years, journals and authors.Furthermore, the subject is reviewed into four subdivisions: Studies on legislative significance, reviews on foreign library laws, contents of library laws and implementation of library laws.


Prior to 1940, the presence of married undergraduate students on the majority of college and university campuses was an unusual occurance. Today, married undergraduate students compose approximately 21 percent of the undergraduate population at institutions of higher education in the United States, and it appears very likely that the percentage will increase. This paper reviews over 30 years of research dealing with the aaiustment differences of married and single undergraduate students.


Abstract In this study, for the first time, the composition of the oil and hydroalcoholic extracts derived from Iranian Hypericum scabrum and also their antioxidant properties were considered. For this purpose, the seed essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus following identification by GC-MS analysis. In equivalent, the total flavonoid content of the hydroalcoholic extract was measured spectrophotometrically. Then, the antioxidant activities of both extracts were measured by DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests. The results indicated that α-pinene, spathulenol, β-pinene, α-cadinol, limonene and epi-α-muurolol are the major fractions in oil sample separated by GC-MS analysis. Also, the hydroalcoholic extract of H. scabrum possessed tolerable flavonoid content. In addition, both extracts overcame potent free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. These data may suggest the extracts derived from Iranian H. scabrum as a valid antioxidant source.


The amount of time youth spend on game-playing is significant, with a recent representative survey pinning the number at 0.84 hours per day. To investigate the extent to which gameplaying can be attributed to self-control problems, I first present a model of leisure consumption, followed by implementing two field experiments to test the implications of the model.The model has four predictions. First, players who are aware of their time-inconsistency play weakly shorter and weakly fewer sessions. Second, only players aware of their time-inconsistency would use a commitment device. Third, when commitment is available, sophisticated players play weakly shorter but weakly more sessions. Fourth, the model predicts that only cue-sensitive players would use multiple commitment devices during the same game session.In the first experiment, I monitored the amount of time 105 undergraduates spent playing online games for a period of 3.5 months. Students assigned to the treatment group were additionally given software that they could use to limit their duration of play. I found that the demand for commitment appears limited---while 79 percent of the treatment subjects used the software voluntarily in the first four weeks, the fraction eventually dropped to around 5 percent. At the end of the experiment, 10.4 percent of treatment subjects had a positive willingness-to-pay for the software. There is suggestive evidence that usage of the commitment device reduces duration of play but not frequency of play---subjects in the treatment group played an estimated 66.4 percent less than those in the control group, as measured by total hours played. The difference is driven by a reduction among heavy players, and persists even after most subjects stopped using the devices. Lastly, I find that players on average overestimated how long they would play.In the second experiment, I find that 12-35 percent of subjects provided with a commitment device manifested a demand for it, depending on what threshold one uses to categorize a subject as having a demand. The availability of commitment device reduces the number of long sessions while increasing that of short sessions. Lastly, players with commitment devices stay longer with the game.


This chapter argues about some of the main effects generated by cultural events on the host territory with the aim at verifying under which conditions an event creates value for all stakeholders and is sustainable. Sustainability is not a static condition but an ever-changing process, which should lead to enhanced life conditions from an economic, social and environmental point of view. This requires that all stakeholders not only participate but also deeply share values as well as local resources, take part in common projects and act to achieve mutual goals. In this regard, Expo Milano 2015 is analyzed as a significant example, because not only it promotes a virtuous theme but also it represents the product of intents and values shared by different organizations. However, despite the undisputed value generated by the event, the aim is to call into question its degree of sustainability, in relation to the policies implemented for promoting the event, the firms' strategy, as well as the social and economic effects in Milan and in Italy.