Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer calculations of differentially expanding supernovae atmospheres are computationally intensive and are almost universally performed in a time-independent snapshot mode, where both the radiative transfer problem and the rate equations are solved assuming the steady-state approximation. The validity of the steady-state approximation in the rate equations has recently been questioned for Type II supernova (SN II) atmospheres after maximum light on to the plateau. We calculate the effective recombination time of hydrogen in SN II using our general purpose model atmosphere code phoenix. While we find that the recombination time for the conditions of SNe II at early times is increased over the classical value for the case of a simple hydrogen model atom with energy levels corresponding to just the first two principal quantum numbers, the classical value of the recombination time is recovered in the case of a multilevel hydrogen atom. We also find that the recombination time at most optical depths is smaller in the case of a multilevel atom than for a simple two-level hydrogen atom. We find that time dependence in the rate equations is important in the early epochs of a supernova's lifetime. The changes due to the time-dependent rate equation (at constant input luminosity) are manifested in physical parameters such as the level populations which directly affect the spectra. The Hα profile is affected by the time-dependent rate equations at early times. At later times, time dependence does not significantly modify the level populations and therefore the Hα profile is roughly independent of whether the steady-state or time-dependent approach is used.


Most tree species from the temperate climate must be exposed for a minimulll nu1.lmber of hours to low temperatures (for chilling treatment) before they can break their winter dormancy in a normal fashion. Unless peaches, apiiles, b)lueberries, and similar crops are exposed for a minimum number of days to temperatures below a inaximum of 30-40?F1 the plants will not break dormancy or fruit properly. This chilling requirement is a factor that prevents successful cultivation of nmany decirluous species and varieties in the warm cliirate of the southern U. S. Plan t breeders have striven to modify the wvinter chilling re(qlirements of favorite 1)peah varieties by introdlucinggenes of low chilling requirement from tropical and subtropical varieties. These attempts are meeting with some success (W\einberger 1.950, Lesley 1944). Witlh the expansion of tree planting p)rograms tile po-siilits if genetic variation in winter chilling requilrements is o0 economic importance and theoretical signliicaic. I his paper describess anl investigation of the patterln of genietie vari-atioii ini the chilling requirenient of red liile, 01 l t rIIibci L. Wiiiter chilling requiremelits arc lr-Con,-licd( Ior norcst trees as vell as for horticultural pecics ( )lste( 1 1' P1 I imvesti-ate(d the plhotoperiod anid chiliii requic mc iits of progenies of sugar mnaple trees aild fonii (l Sone sarliatioli in the chilling requirement of (9)litn r n lls )e(lr'ii Miclix. OlISon et al. ( 1959 ) condoeted similar ilivestig(atiOlls oil the chilling reqniriliu-C(lits (ot efesterll heilli(wt el, I'Sitg(i cmiiocisis, (1. ) Carr. '[lie literatiti-c revic\\s Iy D.)(ormillms ( 1 l33d ), Salllis 1 (9 4 ), \ cg i s ( 1955 i \\arein, 1( 1956) ,\ciiic1r-cr (1950) and the wvorks oI I lmaord-(i 1910, 10150l, 19)1 b) give a good co average ()t tile ,(cileti s, tiir plhilvoi(, aii(i tle variety o( siiccies tihat I) c)siss clilliiiI Cqlll iiriits [lie authorS w\ ish to tiai iii tiios, w\ ho ii(ie nir (d cillectioiis for tins studs -\ 9 J ('amiihlc I (I i M. 1 lolsti-()mitariii 1)riit . ()I L ils iI o -l Irt ). 1. I '). i ir1k (CoIISir 5 ition 1 ) pIMi tior. it; \\ ( do Mi lid l /) Zak ---L. S. I orst Sricsmr N Jolim t sr\ie 5 IC


12:30 P.m.: Luncheon Meeting. "General Language in the Small High School." Miss Lilly Lindquist. Maison Frangaise 2:15 P.m.: Section Meetings. I. Miss Lindquist-informal discussion of problems in general language. II. "Teaching High School Pupils to Read a Foreign Language." Panel discussion led by Dr. Roy E. Mosher. III. "How Can the Languages Integrate with Other Areas in the Curriculum?" Discussion, specific examples and suggestions. Led by Mr. Rice. 3:30 P.m.: Section Meetings. I. "The Position of Grammar Study in the Modern French Course." Its importance, relative time allotment in elementary, intermediate and advanced courses. Discussion led by Mr. MacCoon. II. "Free Composition in the Second-Year French Course." Discussion led by Miss Huckans.


Does cinema belong to the nineteenth century? The answer might be: just barely. Cinema, the technological display of photographic moving images, appeared in the 1890s, the result of international exchanges between inventors and industrialists. By 1900, cinema had traveled around the world, appearing in major metropolises in the Americas, Europe, and Asia as well as colonial Africa. But if the question posed were, does cinema belong to the energies of the nineteenth century, the answer must be: profoundly. The technological revolutions in media, urbanism and transportation, all of which shaped the emergence of cinema, began somewhat before the midnineteenth century with the rise of the railway, the telegraph, and photography. The development of instantaneous photography, the phonograph, the telephone and the automobile mark a somewhat later period of accelerated transformation at the end of the century often referred to as "The Second Industrial Revolution." Cinema emerged during this period, and thus belongs to neither the twentieth nor the nineteenth century exclusively, but profoundly to that in-between era—the fin-de-siècle. The nineteenth century has been referred to as an "Age of Energy." Howard Mumford Jones coined this phrase to characterize the American experience from the end of the Civil War to World War I. For him, it expressed not only the growth of American technology and industry, but an aspect of American character, the vigor associated with Walt Whitman or Teddy Roosevelt. We can draw on readymade images for this sense of the century: the on-rushing locomotive, the mechanized factory. One of the icons of the earliest films was a locomotive charging toward camera and spectators, as if determined to grind them into dust: Lumière's Arrival of a Train at Ciotat Station from 1895, Edison's Black Diamond Express or Biograph's Empire State Express (both from 1896). In these films, the locomotive barrels out from the screen dynamically. Cinema used the locomotive, the familiar emblem of modern energy, Nineteenth-Century Contexts, 2014 Vol. 36, No. 5, 459–472, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2014.974946


Editor—The prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is a major consideration in all surgical patients. Unfortunately, the anaesthetic implications of thromboprophylaxis are rarely discussed, and this was once again the case in the article by Gorman et al.1

The authors recommend low dose unfractionated heparin for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in general surgical patients. The regimen described causes little risk of serious surgical bleeding. However, spinal or epidural anaesthesia performed in a patient who had received this treatment would be potentially dangerous, as this is the time of high or peak anticoagulant activity. This increases the risk of vertebral canal haematoma, which can lead to permanent paraplegia. The risk can be reduced by not performing such procedures within four hours of the last dose of low dose unfractionated heparin.2

Details on the use of low molecular weight heparin were lacking in the article despite its wide use. Recent recommendations from several European societies include delaying the insertion of spinal or epidural blocks for eight to 12 hours after giving low molecular weight heparin.3

In clinical practice, giving low molecular weight heparin at 8 pm each evening, starting the day before surgery and continuing postoperatively, ensures that neuroaxial blockade is possible. A patient admitted on the morning of surgery in whom a neuroaxial block is to be undertaken will be mobile until the block is inserted. Low molecular weight heparin should then be given intraoperatively, at least one hour after the procedure, as recommended by Vandermeulen et al.2

Neuroaxial blockade leads to a reduction of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as well as relief of pain.4 Therefore discussion between anaesthetists and surgeons, to ensure that the timing of thromboprophylaxis does not lead to a neuroaxial block being contraindicated, is essential. This ensures that in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism the risks are minimised and the benefits maximised.

We support the promotion of thromboprophylaxis by this article but are concerned that overall patient safety may be compromised because it did not mention the anaesthetic implications.


The present invention discloses one novel polypeptide, human octamer-binding protein 48, polynucleotides encoding this polypeptide and DNA recombination process to produce the polypeptide. The present invention also discloses the method of applying the polypeptide in treating various diseases, such as embryonic development disorder, dysgenopathy, nervous disease, various tumors, hemopathy, HIV infection, immunological diseases and inflammations. The present invention also discloses the antagonist resisting the polypeptide and its treatment effect. The present invention also discloses the application of the polynucleotides encoding human octamer-binding protein 48.


a) the approach that using classification method to detect change is not well defined. for example, if the blood feature A of 4 seamen is 0, 1, 30, 40, before sailing, and they are 5, 10, 35, 45, after sailing. It is obvious that this A will increase 4 because of sailing. However, using the classification method as described in the paper, it is not possible to classify these into 2 groups of (0,1,30,40) and (5,10,35,40), due to their overlapping. One possibility to address this is to show that the features are quite stable before the sailing ( i mean the differences among subjects are small). Further, the two classes (before sailing and after sailing) are not sufficient to detect the changes of features. Personally, i think the t-test on the differences of before and after sailing is more reasonable.


In this paper, we adapt a technique employed for glass microlenses fabrication in order to obtain matrices of millimeter size lenses for inspection applications. The use of microfabrication processes and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) compatible materials allow the integration of lenses larger than usual in microsystems. Since the presented lenses can have 2 mm in diameter or more, some aspects apparently irrelevant when diameters are lower than 500 μm must be reviewed and taken into account. Indeed, when the lenses are in the millimeter range, problems such as size nonuniformities within a matrix and asymmetric shapes of each lens are dependent on parameters as mask design, depth of the silicon cavities and enclosed vacuum control after anodic bonding, glass reflow temperature and even the position of the lenses on the substrate. Issues related to the fabrication flow-chart are addressed in this paper and solutions are proposed. First results are shown to prove the pertinence of this technique to fabricate MEMS-compatible millimetersized lenses to be integrated in miniature inspection systems. We also discuss some of the paths to follow that could help improving the performances.


Based on the products distribution from fast pyrolysis of cellulose and levoglucosan(LG),it was determined that competing pyrolytic pathways were responsible for the formation of LG,other anhydrosugars,furans,light linear carbonyls and other products during the fast pyrolysis process.According to the catalytic effects of the four metal chlorides,the pyrolytic pathways for the formation of LGO,LAC,DGP,HMF and FF from depolymerization and dehydration of cellulose,as well as the formation of HAA and acetol from pyrolytic ring scission were discussed.Furthermore,experiments on secondary catalytic cracking of primary products were performed.The results indicated that LGO,LAC and DGP could be produced through the impregnation of FeCl3 or ZnCl2,but these anhydrosugars were sensitive to the catalysts.HMF,HAA and acetol could be produced through the impregnation of KCl.FF could be produced through the impregnation of ZnCl2,while moderate secondary cracking by ZnCl2 would promote the yield and purity of FF.


The urban garden environment is common in the study of traffic vision, and   the identification of tree objects is a field that is rarely involved in current advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) research. To test the practicality and reliability of the multi-sensor based ADAS software model, we built a virtual driving scenario. This method enables the designer to perform the feasibility and reliability analysis of the design scheme quickly and effectively without the need of actual vehicle testing, and improve the efficiency of the prototype experiment. This paper proposes a tree recognition method based on virtual environment. First, use Unity3D to build a visual simulation system, and then import the vehicle model for testing and ITS intelligent transportation system. Unity cameras can output images and videos captured by on-board multi-sensors, where video can perform SIL tests on ADAS, providing a new way to improve ADAS software; images include depth, optical flow, target bezel, trajectory, pixel level Semantic segmentation, instance segmentation and other annotation information, it is a new virtual dataset ParallelEye, and finally carried out experiments on Faster R-CNN, verifying the validity of the data set for tree recognition.


Piezoelectric properties of screen-printed thick films, 0.01Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3–0.41Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3–0.23PbZrO3 + 0.1 wt% Y2O3 + 1.5 wt% ZnO (PMW–PNN–PT–PZ+YZ) on alumina (Al2O3) buffer layers deposited on Si substrates, were studied. To improve piezoelectric properties of and integrate the PMW–PNN–PT–PZ+YZ thick films, the Al2O3 buffer layers on silicon (Si) substrates were used. The Al2O3 buffer layer on the Si substrate suppressed the pyrochlore phases of the piezoelectric thick films and prevented interdiffusion of Si and Pb. The PMW–PNN–PT–PZ+YZ thick films with 900 nm thick Al2O3 buffer layer showed piezoelectric properties such as Pr = 32 μC/cm2, Ec = 25 kV/cm, and d33 = 32 pC/N. These significant piezoelectric properties of our screen-printed PMW–PNN–PT–PZ+YZ thick films by the Al2O3 buffer layers can be applied to functional thick film in many micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) applications such as micro actuators and sensors.


In the presence of CaCl 2 this paper has studied the mutual sintering process of K-feldspar,which come from Anhui Ningguo. The recovery rate affected by mutual sintering temperature and time, quantity of CaCl 2 and the optimal technological parameters were determined. The K-feldspar powder and the leaching residues were analyzed by XRD. As comparison of the two XRD patterns, the reaction mechanism was studied. Test results show a recovery of up to 95% of potassium contained in potassium concentrates.


The theme of failed revolution, that is, the revolution defeated or betrayed, has a number of important antecedents in critico-political thought in Argentina and other Latin American countries. The different elements that combine to place revolution on the social horizon as a privileged historical moment and then dramatically process the various forms of its elimination also provide material for study in the capitalist account of the West during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Against this analytic backdrop (which also subsumes the various experiences of Marxist socialism) the following article raises the difficulty, even impossibility, we have in contemporary journalism, academic and intellectual work when we come to situate the sixties and seventies, despite their many common aspects with this sequence, as part of a concrete revolutionary conjuncture, with its subsequent frustration and clear political defeat. Different approaches and narratives form this critical interpretative block. The result is that failure to pose this conjuncture in terms of a project of historical change within the set of expectations mobilized in the people and vanguards precludes a richer knowledge of what happened in this dramatic, tumultuous and in the end painful period of Argentine history. At the same time such a failure impoverishes a social consciousness of the past and an understanding of its consequences in the present. If we look back over the enormous intellectual tradition of Latin American thought, it is in themiddle of the nineteenth century, in Sarmineto's Facundo, that we findwhat we might regard as the first foundational political writings about Argentina. Here the experience of revolution became an 'enigma' for the author, a 'disfigured revolution', a revolution that had 'cannibalized' itself along with a 'society that had disappeared'. That is to say, the disappearance of a genuine revolution that had begun in 1810 and had been, according to Sarmiento, an essentially civilizing cultural, political and military activity. But it is precisely this reading of the failure and brutal dissolution of the revolution that allowed Sarmiento to embed his critical and explanatory thought within what he had experienced as a catastrophic and regressive set of events for Argentina. It was the revolution in the cities that was frustrated. This was an epic event that had acted as a vanguard of ideas and had also anticipated the progress that the people would subsequently experience. The revolution forged the world of military patriots who were inspired by Rousseau, Montesquieu and Benjamin Constant. The halting of the revolution by the terrorist, almost Asiatic montoneras, who roamed the desert, as 'enemies of the revolutionary army' allowed Sarmiento to analyse the subsequent chaos, repression and internecine struggles: 'the caudillaje that drowned the revolution' (Sarmiento 1982).


Integer programming formulations describe optimization problems over a set of integer points. A fundamental problem is to determine the minimal size of such formulations, in particular, if the size of the coefficients or sparsity of the constraints is bounded. This article considers lower and upper bounds on these sizes both in the original and in extended spaces, i.e., if additional variables are allowed. We focus on the the original space, where we provide lower bounds for knapsack problems on the size of integer formulations with bounded coefficients. For 0/1-problems, we also introduce a technique to compute a tight lower bound on the number of non-zeros of integer formulations in the original space. Moreover, we present statistics on these bounds in small dimensions. Finally, we consider conditions on the representability of integer optimization problems with arbitrary objective function as mixed-integer programs. In particular, we show non-existence of such formulations in some special cases, e.g., efficient determination or preservation of all optimal solutions. All results are illustrated by examples.


A space-qualifiable broadband electrooptic phase modulator for CO2 laser intersatellite communication (wavelength 10.6 µm) was developed under ESA-contract. Eight Cadmium-Telluride crystals measuring 30 x 0.6 x 0.6 mm3 each were cascaded to yield a total active length of 240 mm. These crystals were embedded in a beryllia structure, designed to combine good heat transfer, high mechanical accuracy, and excellent electrical properties. Measured modulator characteristics are: optical transmittance > 80%, electrical bandwidth 2 GHz, maximum VSWR 1.75:1, modulation efficiency (at 20 W RF drive power) 1/8, modulation frequency response ±1 dB up to 1 GHz.


1. The influences of ambient temperature (Ta) on the thermoregulatory effector activities and the body temperature (Tb) of intraventricular injections into the sheep, goat and rabbit of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), noradrenaline (NA), acetylcholine (ACh), carbachol and eserine, have been interpreted in terms of a simple neuronal model of the pathways between thermosensors and thermoregulatory effectors.


E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Background: The role of selenium (Se) deficiency in the development of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy has been actively debated in the literature. The question is still debated in Ukraine due to the absence of data both on selenium deficiency in this country and blood selenium levels in Graves' disease patients with autoimmune ophthalmopathology (AO). Purpose: To investigate blood selenium levels in Graves' disease patients with AO. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven Graves' disease patients were included in the study. Of these, 44 had AO. Clinical severity of AO was classified using the NOSPECS. Of the 44 patients with AO, 16, 19 and 9 patients had class 2b, class 3a or 3b, and class 4a, respectively. All patients were euthyroids receiving antithyroid therapy (mean TSH level, 1.36 ± 0.4 mIU/L; reference TSH range, 0.4 mIU/L to 4.0 mIU/L). A Hitachi MPF-2A fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to determine blood selenium levels. A blood selenium level between 75 and 120 μg/l was considered normal, between 50 and 75 μg/l was moderate Se deficiency, and <200 μg/l considered severe Se deficiency. Results: Of the 57 patients of both groups, 31 (54%) were found to be severely selenium deficient. The mean blood selenium level in Graves' disease patients with AO was 60.07±7.61 μg/l, i.e., substantially lower than the normal range. In addition, 34% of these patients had a normal blood selenium level, whereas 16% and 50%, moderate and severe Se deficiency, respectively. The mean blood selenium level in Graves' disease patients without AO was 34.4±10.2 μg/l, i.e., also substantially lower than the normal range. In addition, 31% of these patients had a normal blood selenium level, whereas 69%, severe Se deficiency. Conclusion: First, irrespective of the presence or absence of AO, 54% of Graves' disease patients were found to exhibit severe selenium deficiency. Second, the mean blood selenium level in Graves' disease patients with AO was 60.07 ± 7.61 μg/l, and 50% of them exhibited severe selenium deficiency. In addition, the mean blood selenium level in patients with Graves' disease only was 34.4 ± 10.2 μg/l, and 69% of them exhibited severe selenium deficiency. There was, however, no significant difference in blood selenium level between groups (Р > 0.05). Therefore, it may be assumed that selenium deficiency is not a factor affecting the development of AO in Graves' disease. Finally, given that fact that 34% of Graves' disease patients with AO exhibited no selenium deficiency, such patients should not be prescribed selenium agents without first checking their blood selenium levels.


Evaluability assessment (EA) emerged in the 1970s as a way to ensure a program was ready for summative evaluation.  The primary purpose was assessing the presence of measureable program objectives (Trevisan, 2007), yet evaluators conducting EA encountered difficulty with unclear, ambiguous methods (Smith, 2005).  To address this concern, the purpose of this study was to clarify two aspects of EA, organizational support and data availability.  In practice, organizational stakeholders must support the evaluation project to ensure it is pursued to completion.  In addition, the availability of operational data facilitates analysis of the evaluand effect.  This qualitative study consisted of interviews with evaluators, organizational stakeholders, and technology personnel followed by thematic analysis.  The findings indicate the importance of specific organizational and data related considerations that affect evaluability. The researchers recommend considerations that elaborate upon the existing EA framework.  The recommended evaluability considerations assist evaluators in identifying ill-advised evaluations and enhancing the likelihood of success in ongoing studies.


Among distributions that represent component and system life, the Weibull family is presented. Goodness of a Weibull population is defined in terms of the shape parameter. A class of subset selection-procedures based on the U-statistic (derived via the concept of convex ordering) is proposed for two cases: (1) selecting a subset from k Weibull populations which contains the population with the largest shape parameter; and (2) selecting a subset containing all the populations whose shape parameters are at least that of the control population; unknown and known control populations are considered. The approximate implementation of the selection procedures with the help of the existing tables is discussed, and a numerical example is given. Statistical simulation is used to investigate the optimal members of the proposed class in case 1. The simulation shows that a common sample-size of 11 or more can be used to implement the asymptotic results. >


A combination of 4-styrylpyridine (spy) and 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid (Hadc) was employed in the assembly reactions with Zn(II) and Cu(II) nitrates. The photoreactivity of the products was compared and discussed on the basis of the structure–function relationship. Zinc(II) complex 1 is a trinuclear species of type [Zn3(spy)2(adc)6] in which three zinc(II) atoms are linearly arranged, with two adjacent zinc(II) atoms linked by three bridging carboxylates. Two spy ligands occupy both terminal positions, yielding the overall structure of a six-bladed windmill. Copper(II) complex 2, [Cu(spy)2(adc)2][Cu2(spy)2(adc)4]·2DMF, is an inorganic cocrystal comprising a mononuclear complex with a trans square planar geometry and a dinuclear complex with a paddle-wheel structure. In the photoreaction experiments characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, the zinc(II) complex was found to be photoinert, while the copper(II) complex was photoreactive to form a cyclobutene ring via the [2+2] photodimerization between two spy ligands, resulting in the preparation of a one-dimensional chain as a coordination polymer. The separations of the C=C bond pair obtained from the crystal structures for both products also support their photoreactivity. For example, the spy ligands from two adjacent monocopper(II) complexes are aligned in a head-to-tail manner with the separation of 3.899 Å between the C=C bond pair, satisfying the so-called Schmidt criteria (<4.2 Å). However, no other products satisfy this condition.


Introduction: Chronic respiratory (CRD) diseases show high prevalence in developing countries, rural and deprived populations. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is a functional measurement obtained through forced expiratory used for clinical and research purposes. We described PEFR in a rural setting in an ongoing cohort study (Maule Cohort-MAUCO). Material and Method: Cross-sectional design in 3,465 adults (40-74 years) with PEFR ATS standard records (Mini-Wright flowmeter) using Gregg and Nunn values. PEFR ≤ 80% predicted were considered decreased. Sex, age, educational level, physical activity and tobacco smoking were obtained. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on anthropometrical measurements. Main Results: Sample had 63.9% of women; mean age of 55 (± 9) years, schooling of 9 (± 4) years. Overweight and obesity were 43.1% and 41.5%. Physical inactivity was 81.5% and 29.4% were current smokers. PEFR mean value was 330 (± 80) L/min (women) and 460 (± 119) L/min (men): Decreased PEFR was 50.6% ([48.9-52.3]) with significant differences by age, schooling, BMI and physical activity. Conclusions: High prevalence of decreased PEFR was observed: PEFR showed variations according to sex, age, schooling, BMI and physical activity. As other Latin-American studies show, low values were also highly prevalent, suggesting that Gregg & Nunn overestimated PEFR values. These results suggests the convenience of studying local environmental factors.


Objective To study the emmetropization in guinea pig eyes during the normal development from birth in order to provide theoretical basis to use guinea pigs as model for research on near-sightedness.Methods Sixty-four guinea pigs were assigned to 8 groups (n=8,4 male/4 female).Each group underwent a series of ocular examinations at one of the 8 time-points (0,1,2,3,5,7,9 and 11 weeks),including refraction(R),radius of corneal curvature (RCC),depth of anterior segment(AS),thickness of crystalline lens (CL),length of vitreous chamber (VC)and axial length (AL).Pooled results from both eyes of the same animals with mixed sexes can be used for further assessment of the emmetropization with the associated biometrical changes of the eye.Correlations were made between RCC,AS,CL,VC,AL and R. Results There were no significant differences between the right eye and left eye or between male and female in results of all the examinations. The refraction at birth was (+5.25±0.22 )D in guinea pigs.This value rapidly decreased during the first 3 weeks,approaching(+1.34±0.61) D by 11 weeks.There was no significant difference in refraction between 9 and 11 weeks (P= 0.215). The RCC was (3.23±0.01) mm at birth,AS was (1.20±0.00) mm at birth,CL was (2.72±0.02) mm at birth and VC was (3.27±0.01) mm at birth,they increased within the first 3 weeks despite a transient decrease in the RCC within the first week.Such an increase continued except the AS which became constant after 3 weeks.The VC was more correlated to the emmetropization (r=-0.818,P0.01) than the other 3 components (r=-0.558 to -0.680,P0.01 ). Conclusion In guinea pigs,the end point of emmetropization is among 9 to 11 weeks,the emmetropization process in guinea pigs is mainly related to the increase in the vitreous chamber lenghth.


My goal for this project was to research the verb acquisition process and determine how the CVA verb algorithm could be further enhanced to best define an unknown verb. For part of this research I reviewed the work of some other researchers who have developed their own systems that perform contextual vocabulary acquisition, as well as research relating to the types of contextual information we use to define an unknown verb from context. Next I describe an experiment I did to identify the types of information within a context and how they help to define a particular verb in it. Finally, I describe a computational implementation of a context using some of the inferences drawn from my research and analyze the results.


For mappings from a metric space to a metric space, a notion of uniform continuity is defined. If we introduce natural topologies to the metric spaces, a uniformly continuous function becomes continuous. On the other hand, if the domain is compact, a continuous function is uniformly continuous. For this proof, Lebesgue's covering lemma is also proved. An arc, which is homeomorphic to [0,1], can be divided into small segments, as small as one wishes.


Phototherapy unit device which is used in jaundice disease treatment is working
by using light energy to change the bilirubin into a more soluble form to be excreted in
the bile or urine. Conventional phototherapy unit use electrical power as their main
source. However in this project, the solar energy free form sunlight is using to power up
the machine. Solar energy is clean, reliable and affordable to replace the power from
normal electricity. The most important device in solar system is its photovoltaic panel
which is use to absorb sunlight before it will convert into useful electricity current. The
collected solar energy however need to be store in a battery before it can be convert into
AC since wave current by inverter in order to power up appliance. It is involve a proper
calculation and best selecting devices in order to design a cost effective solar system.
The solar phototherapy unit helps in reducing the high cost of operational for most
hospital and clinic which provide a jaundice disease treatment. The important thing in
this system is to produce enough amount of electric current which need to be use to
powered up electrical appliance.


Insulating polycrystalline diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are semiconducting diamond-like carbon (DLC) films grown by laser-ablation have been studied using STM and AFM as well as other complementary techniques. Issues relating to the STM technique as well as the materials properties of these films have been explored. In a novel approach, photo-induced bulk carrier transport using a xenon arc lamp providing broadband radiation ({lambda} = 180--700 nm) was used successfully to establish bulk conduction for STM imaging of the insulating films. Comparisons of topographic STM images with AFM images acquired on the same samples demonstrated the ability to correlate sub-micrometer structures observed in the images. This capability opens up the possibility that local electronic surface structure can be measured with STS. Preliminary tunneling spectra acquired on semiconducting DLC films demonstrated that illumination promotes the occupation of new electronic states resulting in a reduction of the observed energy gap at the surface. Images of DLC samples grown under a variety of conditions are providing new information into the preparation and growth parameters required to obtain the best quality films and their integrity after thermal cycling and other post-fabrication treatments.


This paper discusses a bi-directional isolated single-phase matrix converter using center-tapped transformer, which has a power decoupling capability for battery energy storage systems for renewable energy sources such as PV and wind turbine systems. The proposed converter is comprised of a full bridge inverter, a high frequency transformer and a matrix converter in order to eliminate large DC-link smoothing capacitor. The power decoupling method employs a center-tapped transformer and a small capacitor without any additional switches, which aims to achieve high efficiency. In this paper, by harmonic analysis, the effectiveness of power decoupling capability is verified in two cases: discharging/charging modes of a battery, which need to keep output power constant from battery for a single-phase grid system. As a simulation and experimental result, the validity of the power decoupling capability is confirmed in a charging/discharging mode. In addition, the proposed power decoupling method reduces the DC bus current ripple generated by a single-phase load to 85.1% in the discharging mode of experiments.


Cardiac arrest (CA) entails significant risks of coma resulting in poor neurological and behavioral outcomes after resuscitation. Morbidity and mortality in post-CA patients are due largely to the cerebral dysfunction that accompanies prolonged whole-body ischemia called as post-CA syndrome (PCAS). PCAS involves strong inflammatory responses including neuroinflammation. Currently, there are no proven neuroprotective therapies to improve post-CA outcomes apart from therapeutic hypothermia. Furthermore, there are no acceptable approaches which can target neuroinflammation and lead to good neurological outcome post-CA. Moreover, delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier to the target injured cells for treating diffuse brain injury is a major challenge. We hypothesize that dendrimer-based N-acetyl-L-cysteine (D-NAC) therapy ameliorates Neuroinflammation by specifically targeting activated glial cells and leads to a marked improvement in post-CA neurological outcome. we used an asphyxial CA rat model to determine the effects of D-NAC treatment. D-NAC was administered 30-minute post return of spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ROSC). The behavioral neurologic deficit score (NDS score) was evaluated at 4, 24 and 48 hrs post-CA. CA resulted in a 50% decrease in survival and a dramatic decrease in NDS score acutely. D-NAC improved survival to 75% and led to a more rapid improvement in NDS scores when compared to the saline group in the short term while free NAC was not effective. We also tested long term (7 days) behavioral outcomes (novel object and fear conditioning) post-CA. Administration of D-NAC significantly improved novel object recognition and decreases freezing behavior in a novel context suggesting an improvement in cognitive deficits following CA in this model. In summary, acute administration of D-NAC following CA results in physiological and behavioral improvements both acutely and long term.


The panel was convened at 12:30 p.m., Saturday, April 8, by its Chair, Anthony Anghie, Professor, University of Utah, who introduced the panelists: Julie Mertus, Ohio Northern University/American University; Mohan Gopalan Gopal, World Bank; and Balakrishnan Rajagopal, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Two other scheduled panelists could not appear due to unforeseen circumstances. Consequently, Mr. Rajagopal, the scheduled Chair, became a panelist, and Mr. Anghie assumed the Chair.


54 Lengthening of the flexor tendons by autogenic extensor tendon and ear cartilage grafts A. H. Allawi Coll. of Vet. Med. / Univ. of Mosul Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lengthening the superficial digital flexor tendon after resecting part from it by an autogenus graft from extensor tendon and ear cartilage in rabbits. This was conducted on twelve animals. The animals were inspected clinically and biopsies were taken from the grafts and the normal tendon at 15 and 30 post operative days. Clinical examination of experimental animals and the patch grafts showed no apparent abnormalities and occurrence of simple bulge site of operation in animal treated with ear cartilage. Histopathological examination showed extensive formation of dense connective tissue in animals treated with ear cartilage with invasion of cartilage by connective tissue was seen at 30 post operative day in comparison with the group treated with extensor tendon. Faster formation of granulation tissue with presence of tendon tissue similar to original tendon were seen in animals treated with extensor tendon grafts at 30 post operative day . Introduction Tendon lengthening is often used to treat many injuries in the tendon such as tendon laceration and rupture which are common among large animals and give rise to a clinical situation that excludes the animal from work and exercise (1-3).Also tendon lengthening needs to be improved in condition such as tendon ossification , flexed tendon , tumors , strain , and chronic tendosynovitis (4-7) .For this reason autogenic , allogenic , heterogenic or xenograft and artificial tendon transplantation have been performed with varying degree of success .Muscle , fascia and plastic material also were used as a substitutes for tendon (7-13). On the other hand in reconstructive surgery cartilage has been used as a biological material for a long period of time (6) .It is used as supporting tissue in ears , nostrils, to fill depression in bone and for rapier of osteochondral defect. The nature of cartilage provide flexibility with support to the transplanted tissue , does not shrink and can be confide into any shape and so it may be sterilized and kept for a considerable time (13-16) . Moreover, it can be used fresh or preserved, allogenous, autologus , homologus and also heterologus from the ear , rib and nasal septum (6,17,18) .From a review of the literature it become evident that the use of ear cartilage for tendon lengthening have never been attempted both in humans or animals . There for , the goal of the present study was to use ear cartilage as autogenic graft for tendon lengthening experimentally .


A 40‐year‐old male presented with debilitating joint pain and morning stiffness involving multiple joints associated with swelling of both wrist and knee joints as well as multiple asymptomatic skin colored lesions over hands, feet, ears, and forehead for the past eight months. On examination, there was painful swelling of both wrist and knee joints [Figure 1a and b]. Dermatological examination revealed discrete, firm, skin colored to reddish brown, non‐tender papules of size 0.2 × 0.2 mm to 1 × 1 cm over hands, bilateral ears, forehead (Figure 1c‐e). Similar lesions were also seen over the feet and a typical coral bead appearance of lesions was seen in th periungual rehion [Figure 1f]. Rest of the systemic examination was normal and there was no evidence of lymphadenopathy. Differential diagnosis of rheumatoid nodules and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis was kept. Routine hematological investigations, lipid and thyroid profile, rheumatoid factor, anti‐nuclear antibodies, and C‐reactive protein were normal. Malignancy screening (including ultrasound abdomen, stool for occult blood, urine analysis, and peripheral smear) was also negative. Radiological examination of knee joints showed bilateral subchondral sclerosis and suprapatellar effusion [Figure 2a and b]. Skin biopsy from papular lesions over the elbow revealed diffuse infiltration of the dermis by multinucleated histiocytes with an eosinophilic ground glass cytoplasm. CD68 stain was diffusely positive and the cells were negative for S100 [Figures 3 and 4]. The patient was started on tablet methotrexate, at a dose of 7.5 mg/week along with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as well as physiotherapy. Carbon dioxide laser ablation was planned for skin lesions. Significant improvement in joint pain and mobility was seen after 6‐8 months of follow‐up.


The UML (Unified Modeling Language) class diagram which is a part of structure of UML is fit for object modeling, and more recently, as the appearance of UXF (UML exchange format) UML class diagram by itself, can be exchanged in many other different system document. So this paper suggests the conversion system from UML class diagram to the form of XML Schema which has already become the standard of Internet document and is more expressible than XML DTD. As this we are able to transform and save the UML class diagram that is the standard of modeling language to XML document which is so reusable. Also it is capable to give a flexible method which can make the logical structure of document be represented in various way because of converting to XML Schema.


This paper describes a new dynamic model for a waterjet cutting system that includes a double-acting reciprocating intensifier pump. Since the system operates at high pressures the fluid flow is assumed to be compressible. The dynamic model includes the characteristics of the intensifier pump, the check valves, the accumulator, the system piping and compressible jet flow through the nozzle. The system model is presented as a set of differential-algebraic equations. Experimental results for an actual system are used to identify the discharge coefficient of the nozzle, certain unknown parameters associated with the check valve, and to determine the velocity profile of the piston in the intensifier pump. This is accomplished by formulating and solving a parameter optimization problem. The paper also includes numerical simulation results that validate the dynamic model.


This paper addresses the challenge of vehicle selection in a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) used to assist vehicles with limited satellite visibility in urban environments. In [1], we proposed a Non-Range cooperative positioning system which uses pseudoranges from only one assisting vehicle at any given time. However, many vehicles are within the communication zone of the target vehicle especially in dense urban canyons. In this paper, we elevate the performance of our cooperative system by proposing a distributed vehicle selection criterion named Absolute Sum of Single Differencing (ASOSD). To test the viability of the proposed system, we design a cooperative experiment using three NovAtel receivers and show that the Positioning Accuracy Gain (PAG) of our system has increased by 60% compared to a system that averages Artificial Candidate Pseudoranges (ACPs) from two assisting receivers. Moreover, we study the effect of; the number of assisting vehicles, multipath, receiver noise, satellite clock bias, ionospheric and tropospheric errors on the selectivity of the proposed system. We show that as the number of assisting vehicles increase, the Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) of the generated ACP decreases. Moreover, the selectivity of the ASOSD selector is not affected by the common errors in the shared pseudoranges.


Background Patients with rectal cancer are usually at advanced stage with or beyond serosa invasion in China. Severe complications after laparoscopic rectal surgery leads to prolonged hospitalization and high medical cost. This study aimed to explore risk factors for severe complications after laparoscopic surgery of T3 or T4 rectal cancer. Material/Methods A total of 287 patients diagnosed with T3 or T4 rectal cancer were enrolled from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Anhui Provincial Hospital from February 2012 to February 2017. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors for severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III) after laparoscopic surgery. Results Eighteen patients (6.25%) had severe complications; 15 patients were categorized as Clavien-Dindo grade III, and 3 patients were categorized as Clavien-Dindo grade IV. Univariate analysis showed that male gender, high preoperative white blood cells (WBC), diabetes mellitus, pulmonary dysfunction, and tumor distance from anus were associated with increased risk of severe complications after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative WBC ≥6.9×109/L (OR=5.54 (1.58–19.45), P=0.008), diabetes mellitus (OR=13.07 (3.31–51.67), P=0.000) and pulmonary dysfunction (OR=7.75 (1.69–35.63), P=0.008) were independent risk factors for postoperative severe complications. Conclusions Preoperative high white blood cells, diabetes mellitus and pulmonary dysfunction were independent risk factors for severe complications after laparoscopic surgery for T3 or T4 rectal cancer.


Anthropocentrism emphasizes that everything complies with the overall interests of humanity,and serves the demand for mankind integrity and the development.The traditional anthropocentrism emphasizes the benefit of human in the direction of absolutely extreme,ignoring the importance of the ecological environment.The modern anthropocentrism emphasizes the integrity,commonality and sociality of human benefit and recognizes relativity between the people and the natural being,while highlights people's leading factor,activity and creativity.Adhering to the benefit of human as the center of environmental ethics,it advocates respecting the law of nature and its inherent value as basis,and becomes a value choice of ecological ethics.


Rotary and translational motion of synthetic molecular systems can be achieved by photochemical, chemical or electrical energy input based on molecular different hierarchical levels is discussed.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To present the Careful Nursing philosophy and professional practice model which has its source in the skilled practice of 19th century Irish nurses and to propose that its implementation could provide a relevant foundation for contemporary nursing practice.

BACKGROUND
Nursing models are widely considered not relevant to nursing practice. Alarming instances of incompetent and insensitive nursing practice and experiences of powerlessness amongst nurses are being reported. Professional practice models that will inspire and strengthen nurses in practice and help them to address these challenges are needed. Nursing history has been suggested as a source of such models.

DESIGN
Discursive.

METHODS
Content analysis of historical documents describing the thinking and practice of 19th century Irish nurses. Identification of emergent categories and subcategories as philosophical assumptions, concepts and dimensions of professional nursing practice.

RESULTS
A philosophical approach to practise encompassing the nature and innate dignity of the person, the experience of an infinite transcendent reality in life processes and health as human flourishing. A professional practice model constructed from four concepts; therapeutic milieu, practice competence and excellence, management of practice and influence in health systems and professional authority; and their eighteen dimensions.

CONCLUSION
As a philosophy and professional practice model, Careful Nursing can engage nurses and provide meaningful direction for practice. It could help decrease incidents of incompetent and insensitive practice and sustain already exemplary practice. As a basis for theory development, it could help close the relevance gap between nursing practice and nursing science.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Careful Nursing highlights respect for the innate dignity of all persons and what this means for nurses in their relationships with patients. It balances attentive tenderness in nurse-patient relationships with clinical skill and judgement. It helps nurses to establish their professional practice boundaries and take authoritative responsibility for their practice.


Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is caused by upper airway collapse during sleep. In few case reports, a goitre has been found to be a contributing factor for sleep apnoea (1).Thyroidectomy improved symptoms in thesepatients. However, in these cases the goitre was mainly localised in the neck requiring a standard cervical collar incision for the operation. We describe a patient who had a goitre localised in the posterior mediastinum, which was subsequently resected using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Partial thyroidectomy resulted in complete resolution of his symptoms.


An observational, descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study of 92 patients with ocular tumors of the adnexa who visited the Oculoplasty Department o...


Background:  The optimal surgical treatment of early breast cancer in young women is not fully determined, while past reports indicate a trend to the increased use of breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). This study aims to assess the trend in Australia and New Zealand of BCS use between 1999 and 2006 and to determine pathological factors associated with it.


----------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------To control the steric interactions induced by disubstitution in the polythiophene and its derivatives a series of 3,4-disubstituted polythiophene derivatives have been described. In the present study the effect of various spacers (bithiophene, ethynylene and vinylene) on the effective conjugation length has been explored. The polymers with vinylene spacers showed the significant red shift in absorption maxima among the 3,4disubstituted polymers.


Sufism means reviving the relationship between man and Allah SWT. Awareness of the sense of connection with Allah SWT will place a person to pleasure and mahabbah and ma'rifat, then he will not be disturbed by the changes of time during his life because the center of attention is no longer on those who change, but on those who remain unchanged, that is Allah SWT. Humans in this life need education as a means of communication with those in need. So, in this case, religious education is a very fundamental foundation in achieving the goals both ethically and aesthetically. Takhalli is a way of purifying oneself from reprehensible traits, such as jealousy or envy, suudzan, kibir, ujub, ria, suma ', bakhul, hubbul mal, tafahur, ghadab, ghibah, namimah, kizib, treachery. Then Tahalli by filling himself with praiseworthy attributes such as repentance, khauf, sincerity, gratitude, asceticism, patience, ridha, tawakal, mahabbah, zikrul maut, and getting closer to Allah SWT with four levels of perfection of Islam among them is the first Shari'ah, the second tariqat, the third fact, the fourth ma'rifat. This study discussed what is Sufism and education, how is the relationship between Sufism and education.


Objective: We have shown that nucleotide binding to P2Y2 receptor induces endothelial activation via enhanced VCAM-1 expression leading to intimal recruitment of monocyte/macrophage. Here, we sough...


the moniker Internet of Economic things seeks to discover household interactions with IoT and how they can drive Efficiency and Innovation in emerging and developing economies. A BN and SEM technique is used to analyze the infusion of IoT on Humans, in Homes, Retail, Offices and Cities and the ensuing impact on the economy. The study employs a survey instrument to deduce insight on the predicted impact of IoT in everyday household activities to drive economic efficiency and innovation (economic impact). The findings of this study highlight some key components of IoT in Human health monitoring and wellness; Automation of Retail, smart CRM; organizational redesign and worker monitoring are key facets of IoT infusion into everyday household activities that can impact the economy.


Abstract : This report is concerned with the theoretical evaluation of the buckling strength of a truncated hemisphere under axial tensile load. The edges of the shell are assumed to be restrained from moving radially or from rotating. Theoretical results were obtained by Vlasov's small deflection theory and Galerkin's method. The quick convergence of the series solution is demonstrated. Comparison of theoretical values with a few available experimental results is given.


The economic indicator evaluation has been carried out on a ground source heat pump system after over one year of remote monitoring and data processing and analysis on the consecu-tive system operation.The technological process of the ground source heat pump system has been introduced;meanwhile,the design scheme of the remote monitoring system has been described.The mathematic model for the comprehensive economic index of the system and the method for processing and analyzing the data are the main part of the paper.Based on NET platform,the pro-gram design has been carried out for calculating the comprehensive economic indicator.The long time monitoring and analysis show that the data processing method could accurately process and analyze the original data,and the method could provide valid and reliable basis for the demonstra-tion of the combination of ground source heat pump and building.


Abstract : This report describes the categorization of sonar waveforms that are applicable in multi-static low frequency active (LFA) sonar systems. Two discriminators are the continuous transmission systems and the pulse type transmission systems. Within the pulse type, the waveforms are further classified as to their Doppler and range resolving capabilities. Some signals are referred to as Doppler sensitive and have good Doppler resolving capabilities and low to medium range resolution, while others are referred to as Doppler insensitive waveforms and possess good range resolving capability but moderate to low Doppler resolving properties. Much of this recent work in waveform design has concentrated on signals with both good Doppler and range resolving abilities and are referred to as composite signals. A catalogue type description of signals applicable in each grouping is presented for both continuous and pulse type systems along with a discussion of the impact these signals can have on the sonar receiver signal processing. In addition, some of the recent receiver algorithm work uncovered as part of this pulse review is also included. While some of the newer signals have not been fully evaluated in at-sea trials, the recommendation is made for more detailed investigations of two of the signals identified.


In the given article, the technology of industrial production of thermal energy from solid biofuels is considered on the example of modern heat generating equipment and auxiliary equipment. To determine the biomass diversity, an analysis was carried out on potential biomass types, which makes it possible to make a general assessment of feasibility and cost-effectiveness [1]. In the course of the analysis, it was assumed that 50% of available fuel would be used for co-firing in power boilers. This approach serves as a guarantee of the availability of sufficient fuel reserves. In other words, even if the potential for biomass energy use seems to be high at first glance, the feasibility and viability of a project to use biomass energy can only be said if the available biomass reserves in the area of its implementation 3-4 times exceed the level of estimated demand. The important fuel characteristics of biomass used as solid fuel are its calorific value, humidity, ash content and the melting point of ash, which effect on the quality and process of combustion in the boiler chamber and the heating surfaces. As it is known, straw of grain crops has about 800 ℃ melting point of ash, and the ash content of secondary waste of husk and pulp is about fluctuating within 3-4.5%, which is a rather high indicator. Such quality of fuel leads to slagging of the heating surfaces of the boiler, which leads to a further decrease in the coefficient of heat-generating surfaces and accordingly the efficiency of the boiler. Therefore, from the point of view of fuel quality the most rational is the use of wood and corn waste. At the same time, such technology requires the development of a new infrastructure for feeding and fuel-preparation of biofuels. The scheme was developed on the basis of feeding biofuels directly to burners with anthracite, as domestic and foreign experience shows that such schemes work quite successfully. Calculations show that with the co-combustion of corn, you can save from 2 to 14% of funds when burning only one anthracite, as well as saving on burning wood waste - from 5 to 20%, depending on the proportion of anthracite replacement by heat. Calculations were made in percentages of adding biomass from 5,10,15,20 and 25%.


Abstract An efficient method for the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides with alky1amino groups based on the H-phosphonate method and the Atherton- Todd reaction has been developed. During the synthesis internucleotide phosphorodiester groups did not react with the activated H-phosphonate.


In the era of big data, it is easy for us collect a huge number of image and text data. However, we frequently face the real-world problems with only small (labeled) data in some domains, such as healthcare and urban computing. The challenge is how to make machine learn algorithms still work well with small data? To solve this challenge, in this tutorial, we will cover the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to handle small data issue. In particular, we focus on the following three aspects: (1) Providing a comprehensive review of recent advances in exploring the power of knowledge transfer, especially focusing on meta-learning; (2) introducing the cutting-edge techniques of incorporating human/expert knowledge into machine learning models; and (3) identifying the open challenges to data augmentation techniques, such as generative adversarial networks. We believe this is an emerging and potentially high-impact topic in computational data science, which will attract both researchers and practitioners from academia and industry.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by dysregulated activation of both T and B lymphocytes with the development of autoantibodies, particularly to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), that are critically involved in tissue damage (1). Pathogenic autoantibodies in SLE are of the IgG isotype and have acquired somatic mutations, indicating that the B cells that produce them have matured under the influence of T-cell help (1, 2). To initiate this type of mature humoral immune response to either foreign or selfantigen, both Tand B-cell costimulatory interactions are required. The major receptor ligand pairs that are involved are B7/CD28 and CD40/CD40L (3, 4). The engagement of CD28 on the T-cell surface by B7.1 (CD80) or B7.2 (CD86) on the surface of activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or B cells activates signaling pathways that promote T-cell survival and induce T-cell expression of CD40L (CD154). CD40L interacts with CD40 on the APCs, resulting in further upregulation of MHC and B7 and the release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators (5, 6). The interaction of CD40L on activated T cells with CD40 on antigen-specific B cells also induces B-cell proliferation and formation of germinal centers (6–8). Costimulation-dependent cell-cell interactions within the germinal center lead to B-cell maturation through immunoglobulin isotype switching, somatic mutation, clonal expansion of high-affinity B cells, terminal differentiation to plasma cells, and formation of memory B cells that express B7 and can further activate T cells by acting as APCs (6–10). Within 2–3 days after activation, T cells begin to produce CTLA4 (CD152), which competes with CD28 for binding to B7.1 and B7.2 and transduces a negative signal to the T cell that will help terminate the immune response to the inciting antigen (11). CTLA4Ig is a soluble fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 and modified CH2CH3 domains of IgG that no longer bind Fc receptors; it binds B7.1 and B7.2 with much higher affinity than CD28 and thus serves as an efficient competitive antagonist of the critical B7/CD28 costimulatory interaction (12). Recent reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of human CTLA4Ig in two T cell–mediated diseases, graft versus host disease and psoriasis (13, 14). In addition, Finck et al. have reported that long-term administration of murine CTLA4Ig to


The historical usage and influence of Isa. 42.1–4, as observed in chapter 3, appears to demonstrate that the passage contributed to the understanding of the character and expectation of the messianic age. In particular, where it is employed to support the messianic ideal, the concepts of spirit, justice and the universal rule of the messiah are also manifest. The primary question of concern here is whether Matthew drew upon such a perception and incorporated it into his presentation of Jesus. Given the manner in which Matthew employed Isa. 7.14, 8.23b–9.1 and 53.4, one might expect his use of the passage to reflect his theological concerns. But this is to anticipate a conclusion without exploring the data. The evidence certainly supports a web of verbal and metaphorical relationships between certain citations and their immediate and remote contexts. Whether this can be maintained for Isa. 42.1–4 in Matt. 12.18–21 is a more difficult matter and is the subject of this chapter. Two remarks that impinge upon the study may be made at this point regarding Matthean text-form. First, Matthew's redactional treatment of Mark and Q reveals an author who, although creative, is fastidious with these sources, and predisposes one to assume that a similar posture is taken with regard to his other sources. One may thus cautiously affirm the argument that the unique text-form found in these citations reflects his particular theological interests.


The phenylhydrazones 1a-d condensed with ethyl cyanoacetate to yield pyridazinones 2a-d that reacted with sulphur in presence of piperidine to yield the aminothienopyridazineones 3a,b that reacted with electron poor olefins and acetylenes to yield phthalazines 10-12. The condensed aminothiophenes 3a,b reacted with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal to yield amidines 13a,b. Compounds 2a,b condensed with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal to yield the trans enamines 16a,b that cyclized readily into the pyridopyridazinones 17a,b on treatment with ammonium acetate in presence of acetic acid. Compounds 2a-d reacted also with benzylidenemalononitrile to yield the phthalazinones 21a-d. The reactions were conducted both by microwave heating and conventional heating. Better yields in much shorter reaction times were achieved by microwave heating.


By means of the precipitin reaction, urinary proteins in nephritis have been studied and found to consist of the following blood proteins: albumin, pseudoglobulin and euglobulin. These proteins vary in their quantitative relationship in different individuals. When the method of globular crystallization with subsequent dialysis of the solution of the crystals was applied to the urinary proteins and the precipitin reaction applied to the successive fractions, the latter ones gave less response to the serum of definite titer than a blood albumin solution of the same percentage content. In one case a fraction of this character was obtained that showed a precipitin reaction only in high concentration with a powerful antialbumin serum. The same protein, however, when injected, produced an antialbumin serum. In the search for nonblood proteins characteristic of a definite condition, it was found that in experimental uremia produced by hypertonic sodium chloride and in both canine and


In Hinuma River, changes of periphyton biomass were observed weekly from September 1987 to March 1990 to evaluate the dynamics of the periphyton biomass in the river. Periphyton were sampled from artificial substrates which were 10cm×10cm unglazed clay tiles. The tiles were submerged in the river more than one month before sampling.At the high periphyton biomass, the ratio of carbon per dry weight of periphyton was low because a significant amount of inorganic particles such as clay and silt was trapped in periphyton. However, the ratio of carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus remained constant regardless of the change of the biomass. From April to October the periphyton biomass was low due to losses by scouring due to frequent storm events. In November and December, the periphyton biomass became greatest because of steady low flow in the river. From January to March, the biomass did not increase significantly due to low temperature even though the rainfall was low.The scouring was found to be a main factor in the dynamics of the periphyton biomass in the river. The amount of the periphyton biomass (as carbon) after scouring was proportional to the exponent of the maximum flow during the storm.


Suspicious aerosol samples need to be pretreated for detailed analysis in radionuclide monitoring proposed by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty(CTBT).These samples are quite different from common aerosol samples since their filter matrix are massive and the number of analysed elements is large and their contents are very different.As a result,any single pretreatment method is not effective for recovering all radionuclides.A novel extraction-ashing-digestion method is proposed in this paper,including microwave extraction of volatilizable radionuclides,ashing of filter matrix and microwave digestion of difficultly soluble radionuclides.The spiked samples with polypropylene fibrous filter matrix were prepared.Natural abundance elements cesium,cerium and zirconium were selected as trace elements to validate the method.The recoveries under varied conditions such as pressure,power,duration time of microwave extraction,ashing temperature and time,as well as composition and concentration of microwave digestion reagents,were studied experimentally.The results show that cesium,cerium and zirconium in samples can be recovered completely under the optimum conditions.


Used digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) to measure is researched. The experiment is designed and the laser irradiates a PZT which is driven by some signal to obtain the dynamic speckle patterns. The dynamic speckle patterns are shot by CCD, then the DSCM is used to process the sequential images and also the experiment is simulated. The movement of reflection target is controlled by PZT which is driven by the different model signal. When the reflection target is moving, the dynamic speckle patterns are shot by CCD, the sequential images are stored in computer through an image board. Then the digital speckle correlation method is used to process the sequential images. There are three output parameters after the images correlation calculation: (xi ,yi) and α that represent for position and moving direction of the object, Initial (xi ,yi) is (0,0). (▵xi , ▵yi) represents pixel difference in coordinates of two adjacent images. α is the angle specifying the direction of the object's motion relative to the x-axis: αε[00,900]. Varying the speed of the aluminum plate, variant values of (▵xi ,▵i) are obtained and varying the direction of numeric control caterpillar track, variant values of α were obtained. From the obtained displacement and the collected frequency, the vibration frequency was obtained. The experimental results show the DSCM can confirm the frequency and displacement of vibration, and have a good agreement with the simulation results, and the results show the digital speckle correlation method can be used to measure vibation.


For researching the preliminary attitude and opinion of students regarding swimming we made a questionnaire which insists of 14 questions of mixed type. The stated level of physical activity is comparatively low - in spite of the required preparation due to the specifics of training in specialties "Physical Education and Sports" and "Kinesitherapy" of which formed is an experimental group. This on its part imposes additional requirements regarding the methodic for accelerated initial training in swimming.


A comparative evaluation of the predictive capability of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) in adsorptive treatment of dye simulated wastewater using acid activa...


The spreading dynamics of surfactant-laden droplets have been studied for both solid [1] and thin liquid [2] substrates. In general, the presence of a surfactant modifies the contact line dynamics due to the Marangoni effect, which creates a surface tension gradient and thus generates pattern-forming instabilities. To determine the effects of varying substrate mobility from a liquid to a solid, we examine the intermediate case of a viscoelastic substrate. We observe novel instabilities of the surfactant-laden drop influenced by both the substrate fluidity and the surfactant concentration. The experimental apparatus consists of a petri dish containing a gel substrate composed of 0.04% to 0.16% agar (by weight) in deionized water. The droplets are solutions of Triton X-305 (a noninonic surfactant) in deionized water at concentrations from 5 to 1000 ppm, released from a micropipette with a droplet size of 5 mL. Figure 1 shows a phase diagram with shadowgraph images as a function of gel and surfactant concentration. For weak gels, the droplet spreads in a starburst formation, with 3-10 distinct arms (red images). For intermediate gels, the central drop remains but is decorated with thin, branching wisps (blue images). For sufficiently weak gels, the droplet spreads out as upon a liquid, and no central droplet remains (green images). On the strongest gels, the surfactant drops remain circular (not shown). For very low surfactant concentrations (i 5 ppm), the behavior resembles that of pure water droplets, and no arm structures are observed. This work has been supported under NSF Grant DMS-0244498.


Every year, large amounts of waste are generated due to military exercises on barren lands/desserts. These wastes comprise bullet shells, bandages, clothes, broken guns, etc which are extremely toxic due to the existence of sulphuric and nitric compounds from gunpowder on them. Rainwater may wash off these toxic compounds from the waste products and they may seep into the groundwater through the soil. Hence, waste management for such waste becomes an absolute necessity. This paper introduces a classification system for military generated waste using a deep-learning technique known as transfer learning and discusses the application of VGG-16, VGG-19, InceptionV3, and Xception architectures to the problem. The proposed models based on these pre-trained weights were training for 50 epochs and we found that the architecture based on the Xception network performed the best by achieving accuracy and loss of 0. 9723(or 97.23%) and 0.0857 on the validation data respectively. Keywords— Waste, Deep-Learning, VGG-16, Keras, CNN, Neural Networks, Classification, VGG-19, TensorFlow, Xception, InceptionV3, Accuracy


THE Little Rocky Mountains resemble a wooded island, rising 2000 to 3000 feet above the treeless plains of central Montana, far from the Rocky Mountain Cordillera, whose nearest foothills lie 180 miles to the west. They form a conspicuous geographic feature of a region which is generally destitute of any prominences or land marks for the traveler, and hence are appropriately called by the Indians "Eah héa weetan" or the Island Mountains. They are situated north of the Missouri, between that stream and the Milk River, sixty miles south of the international boundary line. The mountains are formed by a dome-shaped uplift exposing Archa and Palmozoic rocks, in a region of nearly horizontal Cretaceous strata. Occurring in this isolated position the uplift is of special interest, as its simplicity of structure and distance from the complicated disturbances of the Cordilleran zone make the problem a peculiarly clear one; while the occurrences of the older sedimentary strata and the relations and nature of the igneous rocks are of unusual interest, constituting a needed factor for the discussion of some of the broader problems of general geology. As the mountains have never been mapped, the accompanying sketch showing the drainage and relief of the region, has been drawn from a few field notes, the crest line being taken from the plat of the survey of the boundary line of the Indian reservation. The altitudes of the main peaks are approximate, but the map will be found useful in locating the various points mentioned in this paper. 1 Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey. The present paper is based upon notes made during a brief visit to the region in September 1895, to report upon the mineral resources of the reservation to the Commissioners appointed to treat with the Indian tribes of the Fort Belknap reservation. W. H. Weed.


Because ofthedeclining frequency ofanaerobic bacteremia, routinely using half thecollected blood volume foranaerobic culture hasbeenchallenged. There isnodataindicating whether moreclinically relevant isolates wouldberecovered ifallormostofthegiven bloodsample werecultured aerobically. Inthis two-part study, we reviewed casesofanaerobic bacteremia todetermine whatproportion occurred insituations when anaerobes wouldbeexpected andthenestimated theyield ofdifferent culture approaches byreanalyzing the datafromalarge prospective clinical blood culture study. Therecords of61patients whohadananaerobic isolate (excluding Propionibacterium species) recovered only fromananaerobic bottle wereexamined todefine clinical settings inwhichsuchisolates occur. Fifty-six (92%) patients hadclinically important isolates, andthe source ofinfection wasobvious atthetimeofculture in47ofthe56(84%). Of56patients, 36(64%) had abdominal signs andsymptoms, including 12withrecent abdominal surgery. Ofninepatients without an obvious source ofinfection, sixwereonhigh-dose steroids. Relative yields werecompared for(i) oneaerobic bottle andoneanaerobic bottle (5mltoeach) forallblood cultures, (ii) twoaerobic bottles (5mltoeach), or (iii) twoaerobic bottles plus anextra anaerobic bottle (only forclinically suspected anaerobic sepsis) (5mlto each). Thethird approach hadthehighest yield (475 isolates), because theroutine useoftwoaerobic bottles recovered moreCandida spp., members ofthefamily Enterobacteriaceae, andnonfermenters thandidthefirst


This article shares some stories experienced by teachers and students and discusses the need of narrative deepening of educational experience as an opportuni- ty to plunge into the world of education, in order to better explore it, expanding our perception and relationship with it. It defends narrative, telling stories, as a way of life and sustains the teaching-learning as a life lived, rather than methodologies or closed pre-established content and schedules. Still, the article leads to think about


This paper examined the impact of Whatsapp in extending learning into undergraduate students' digital lives and how it influenced their academic performance in general studies (peace and conflict resolution). Quasi experimental design with a non-equivalent, non-randomized groups involving 2x2 factorial was adopted for the study . Intact classes of 78 and 82 (200 level) undergraduate students from Federal University Birnin Kebbi (FUBK) and Kebbi State University of Science and Technology (KESUSTA) were purposively selected as sample for the study respectively. The two institutions were assigned to experimental group 1 (Exp.1) and experimental group 2 (Exp.2) through balloting. In this study, two instruments were used: comprehensive GST dummy (CGSTD) and GST achievement test (GSTAT). Pilot study was conducted and reliability index of 0.87 was obtained for the GSTAT using Kuder Richardson (KR-21). Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and z-test. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the academic performance of undergraduate students exposed to a comprehensive GST dummy and those treated in a blended setting (using Whatsapp), where those treated in a blended setting using Whatsapp performed better. No significant difference was found in the academic performance of the undergraduate students based on gender. In line with the findings of the study, it was recommended that lecturers should engage themselves to studying the best approaches that best suit the students of digital native, and should also endeavour to incorporate social media to supplement the conventional classroom teaching-learning process.


Previous researchers have studied learners" beliefs regarding the role of a teacher in an EFL/ESL classroom (Narvaez, 2006 & 2007; Chan, 2001; Lizzio, et al, 2002; Kinchin, 2004; Kocak, 2003; Chiu, 2005). Results suggest students highly depend on the teacher to transmit knowledge to them, such as expected in a traditionalist approach. Due to the limited research carried out concerning teachers" beliefs of their role in the EFL classroom, the aim of this study is to identify how teachers perceive their role in this setting. This will provide a basis for a future comparison of the beliefs that both teachers and students have, and how different these may be. An extensive review of previous research carried out in this area, as well as the methodology and instruments to be used will be presented.


The technology of steel surrounded with wood about the ancient canal boat was studied.Thinking about the building technique,3 proposals of steel surrounded with wood were put forward.Then the software Marc was used to analysis the structural strength of the above proposal.According to the FEA results,the most feasible proposal was determined.The research provides theory and design reference for the technology of steel surrounded with wood.


observation for localized prostate cancer.N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 203–13 3 Lane JA, Donovan JL, Davis M et al. Active monitoring, radical prostatectomy, or radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer: study design and diagnostic and baseline results of the ProtecT randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: 1109–18 4 Lane A, Metcalfe C, Young GJ et al. Patient-reported outcomes in the ProtecT randomized trial of clinically localized prostate cancer treatments: study design, and baseline urinary, bowel and sexual function and quality of life. BJU Int 2016; 118: 869–79 5 Resnick MJ, Barocas DA, Morgans AK et al. Contemporary prevalence of pretreatment urinary, sexual, hormonal, and bowel dysfunction: defining the population at risk for harms of prostate cancer treatment. Cancer 2014; 120: 1263–71 6 Sanda MG, Dunn RL, Michalski J et al. Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1250–61 7 Resnick MJ, Koyama T, Fan KH et al. Long-term functional outcomes after treatment for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 436–45


Factory floor workers can add value to their firm from new knowledge they may discover whilst performing their daily tasks. The transfer of that knowledge to middle managers can improve process efficiencies, if they can utilise it. Researchers and practitioners perceive value in understanding a range of knowledge transfer strategies and initiatives, yet there is little empirical evidence on ground level knowledge discovery and bottom-up knowledge transfers in a manufacturing environment. Our results show that factory workers do not codify their knowledge and only articulate it personally. Thus firms must provide an environment that supports knowledge exchanges within the factory worker community and upwards to middle managers whom act as knowledge facilitators rather than knowledge creators between factory workers and upper management.


The corner fitting preform 100 and the corner fitting preform forming method is disclosed. Corner fittings preform forming method includes a base portion 10, or the base material, one or more flanges or legs (20) and comprising the steps of: weaving integrally extending from the base portion 10. In the flat woven preform, the leg or flange 20, includes a specially processed region having a continuous gradient non-woven. The non-woven region 28, the flange of the preform 20 is to provide a hinge that allows folding around a corner. After folding, the excess non-woven are inclined to produce a preform having a reinforcement by successive inclined around so drawn through the weaving portion of the bridge or flange corner.


Pedestrians are legitimate users of the transportation system, and they should, therefore be able to use this system safely. Pedestrian needs in crossing streets should be identified, and appropriate solutions should be selected to improve pedestrian safety and access. Deciding where to mark crosswalks is only one consideration in meeting that objective. This study involved an analysis of 5 years of pedestrian crashes at 1,000 marked crosswalks and 1,000 matched unmarked comparison sites. All sites in this study had no traffic signal or stop sign on the approaches. Detailed data were collected on traffic volume, pedestrian exposure, number of lanes, median type, speed limit, and other site variables. Poisson and negative binomial regressive models were used. The study results revealed that on two-lane roads, the presence of a marked crosswalk "alone" at an uncontrolled location was associated with no difference in pedestrian crash rate, compared to an unmarked crosswalk. Further, on multi-lane roads with traffic volumes above about 12,000 vehicles per day, having a marked crosswalk alone (without other substantial improvements) was associated with a higher pedestrian crash rate (after controlling for other site factors) compared to an unmarked crosswalk. Raised medians provided significantly lower pedestrian crash rates on multi-lane roads, compared to roads with no raised median. Older pedestrians had crashes that were high relative to their crossing exposure. More substantial improvements were recommended to provide for safer pedestrian crossings on certain roads, such as adding traffic signals with pedestrian signals when warranted, providing raised medians, speed-reducing measures, and others.


The application of the Model Based Systems Engineering approach has become an increasingly necessary tool for an efficient engineering of modern complex systems. However, experience has shown that without a sound model development strategy, shared at corporate level, some of the powerful benefits promised by the MBSE approach can be largely missed, such as for example the reuse of existing model artifacts, or the easier interaction with the system's stakeholders. The work described in the present paper aims at establishing a framework which allows the full exploitation of such benefits, by developing a Generic Systems Architecture of a Combat System, through the application of the Unified Architecture Framework. Keywords—architecture framework; system architecture; model based systems engineering;


Single-mode optical fibres may be applied to a wide range of measurands, and exhibit extreme resolution. We describe here optical signal processing techniques which recover both the phase and state of polarisation of the measurand-modulated guided wave, either separately or simultaneously. The discussion is illustrated by a description of temperature sensors developed in our laboratories and recent experiments on the measurement of low frequency and quasi-static strain are also reported.


A new fabrication of sponge spicule is introduced in this article.The main approach of this method as below: sponge specimen is added in a 1.5 mL plastic centrifuge tube,two or three drop of chromate solution is added into the tube,then the whole tube is incubated in 50~60℃ water for 2~3 min.After all the organism is digested,the spicules are washed three times using distilled water.After that the spicule is ready to observe.


• Evaluation is a necessary part of all phases of a development project. • Evaluations must be made several times in order to obtain a basis for further development, improvements etc. • Evaluations takes time and are resource consuming. This is why they are often not given enough priority, which can lead to usability problems. • As evaluations are resource consuming, it is important to choose the correct methods for every specific purpose.


We explore the development of an optoelectronic probe for MF/HF/VHF (up to ∼ 37 MHz) radio frequency bands able to display the complete waveforms. It was built from simple, low cost and robust components. A passive loop antenna generates RF current which modulates an ultra-bright LED of display/illumination. The light signals are transmitted along a PMMA plastic optical fibre (POF) to an optical receiver placed in a remote site. All characterization measurements were carried out in the near-field region. Far-field radio transmissions could also be detected. The probe presented at 0.5 MHz tuning-band has shown a 62 dBµV dynamic range and was able to detect down to Hmin ∼ 0.8 nA cm−1 magnetic field amplitude. A new technique for loss compensation of the fibre link is proposed and successfully tested.


College students' employment has been widely concerned for long. It is an efficient way to solve the problem by teaching the students to start their own enterprises. This paper suggests that the entrepreneurship education should be embedded into the college students' employment guidance,so as to teach and guide the students to establish a correct employment view,broaden their choices of career,improve their capacity to hunt jobs. Four key points are discussed: the consolidation and renovation of employment guidance,a re-examination of the changes of the role the entrepreneurship education plays in employment guidance,the proposal of improvement of college students' employment competence and finding the linking point between employment and self employment.


This paper is concerned with a novel algorithm for a solution to contact problems stemming from the TFETI (Total Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting) domain decomposition method. The TFETI method is based on the idea that the compatibility between non-overlapping sub-domains, into which the original domain is partitioned, is enforced by the Lagrange multipliers. The distinctive feature of the TFETI consists of the fact that the methodalso enforcesthe Dirichlet boundary conditions by means of the Lagrange multipliers. The TFETI based technique converts the original contact problem to the quadratic programming one with the equalities and simple bound constraints. Moreover, it also results in more efficient preconditioning by an enriched natural coarse grid defined by a priory known kernels of the stiffness matrices. Our new algorithm exhibits both parallel and numerical scalabilities so that it enables us to effectively solve steady-state problems of deformable bodies undergoing contact, geometric and material nonlinear effects. In this paper we propose an algorithm with nested iteration strategy, where its inner part consists of a new version of our previously developedMPRGP and SMALBE algorithmsand the outer loop iterates on the geometric and material non-linearities. Numerical experiments include solutions to steady-state problems with non-linear effects and their results documentthat the proposed algorithms are robust, highly accurate and exhibit both parallel and numerical scalabilities.


This article discusses the penetration of terminology into science as a field. It also discusses research by foreign and Uzbek scholars and research in the field of terminology, as well as the linguocultural features of art terms in French and Uzbek.


Aim: To assess the adequacy of mother and child intensive healthcare public facilities in the city of Petrolina, PE. Methods: A normative assessment was conducted between January and June 2011 of the mixed obstetric and pediatric ICUs of a public hospital. A logical model of the functioning of services and an assessment matrix were both submitted to the consensus technique. Data were collected from institutional documents and records, from interviews with 19 key informants and from the verification in loco of the structure and inputs. Result: The two intensive care units were classified as inadequate, since they obtained a score of 28% for suitability for obstetrics and 38% for mixed pediatrics. Conclusion: based on the experts' consensus, the implementation and weighted analysis of the results obtained from the instrument suggest its applicability to other intensive care units nationally.


It is considered one of important subjects in the reactor safety under the postulated RIA condi- tion to study the failure behavior of a waterlogged fuel rod, since relatively small amount of energy deposition is enough to cause its failure which induces mechanical energy release. Failure behaviors of a waterlogged fuel rod in the NSRR tests are discussed in the present paper. The parameters in these experiments are as follows: (1) quantity of water within the rods, (2) reactor period, (3) axial power profile, (4) pellet-cladding gap width and (5) with or without a pin hole. The effects of each on the failure behavior of a waterlogged fuel rod have been studied in the experiments. The test results have revealed the failure threshold energy of waterlogged fuel rod and that its failure mechanism is the overpressure of cladding tube due to rapid enthalpy increase of water within the rods. The results have also revealed that there are two kinds of the failure mode of waterlogged fuel rod. One is "low temperature rupture", which occurs before the cladding temper- ature increases. The other is "high temperature rupture". This kind of failure occurs with the increase in the cladding temperature which results in the decrease of cladding strength. The release of mechanical energy was revealed to be induced only by the low temperature rupture.


Purpose To observe the changes of corneal endothelium in diabetes patients before and after cataract phacoemulsification surgery with confocal microscopy for exploring the variation and influencing factors.


Concrete as one of the main construction materials, which is used for building of industrial and civil structures, highways, bridges, etc. requires periodical evaluation of its properties by different nondestructive methods. Application of acoustic emission (AE) for these purposes occupies a modest place among other nondestructive methods. But the AE methods proved to be very effective for testing of concrete and reinforced concrete elements and structures under load. This work is devoted to an important, from methodological point of view, problem connected with two opposite effects: of Kaiser and of Felicity, and their application for evaluation of concrete by the AE method.


Fellow members of our society, I am deeply appreciative for the honor of president you have bestowed upon me. It has been an exciting year, and my responsibilities as president have been greatly helped by the addition of our new executive vice president, Joann Baughman, and also by Executive Director Elaine Strass, Jane Salomon, Marsha Ryan, and the other able members of our administrative office staff.


Introduction The application of nanotechnology has increased during the last 20 years. Nanoparticles have many favorable properties for applications in medicine. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the word. Toxicity of nanoparticles especially in medicine is the most important concern. Non-toxic nanoparticles have received considerable attention in recent years. The application of non-toxic Viral Nanoparticles (VNPs) was developed in biomedical imaging and drug delivery. VNPs offer some key advantages: biocompatibility, self-replication, reduce toxicity and cost of treatment. There are many types of viral nanoparticles including VNPs from plants, bacteria and mammals. Since plant viral nanoparticles are less likely to interact with mammals, they are preferred to use in the treatment. In this research, Potato Virus X (PVX) was applied for breast cancer therapy. Materials and Methods: The toxicity effect of VNPs was evaluated through two cancer cells HER2+. Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with penicillin-streptomycin (100IU/mL) and 10% FBS and maintained at 37 °C in 5% CO2 incubator. After 24h, add 10 μg of nanoparticles to cell cultured on 96-well plate. Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was investigated by MTT assay. The MTT is used to measuring mitochondrial activity. The viable cells convert MTT into a purple colored product was calculated by absorbance 490540. Results: The result of this study showed that plant viral nanoparticle was not significantly decreased absorbance level compared to control. Conclusions: Hence, it seems that this kind of non-toxic nanoparticle, as VNPs, play an important rule in cancer diagnosis and treatment.


A very troublesome weed in the cultivation of flowerbulb crops is the perennial root weed Rorippa sylvestris. Characteristic for this weed is the ability to regenerate numerous new plantlets on small, easily distributed root parts and to grow rapidly in all soil types. Control of Rorippa sylvestris is mainly based on measures preventing mechanical distribution of root parts and on treatments with a combination of the herbicides 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Some characteristics of this weed, e.g., the vegetative propagation potential and the survival at different soil depths, as well as the effect of different herbicides and combinations were studied in greater detail. Moreover, hot-water treatments and conditions during storage were tested for their ability to reduce spread of Rorippa root parts with lily bulbs. Data of these experiments are presented and the prospects for practical application are discussed.


Field notes contributed by Betty Walters in a letter to Thomas H. Kent, August 13, 1980. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists Union Quarterly field report of summer 1980.


Entrepreneurial development is now regarded as the magic bullet that can remedy some of the embedded socio-economic challenges facing the modern state. Poverty, unemployment, falling standards of living and dipping personal economies of citizens have conflated to raise the national temperature of various countries to uncomfortable levels as protests, youth restiveness, economic-related crimes and a militant and irascible citizenry have become common symptoms of an existing economic blight. Literature on entrepreneurship points to the positive effect of entrepreneurial activities on the civil population with greater impact on the vulnerable sectors. This has strengthened the argument for greater entrepreneurial culture in a developing country like Nigeria. Job creation, massive product development, strengthening of the macro economy through export of products and services, inter alia, are some of collateral benefits of entrepreneurial activities within the society. In achieving sustainable entrepreneurial development initiatives in Nigeria, actors within the policy, social and business ecologies must address the socio-cultural and demographic dynamics that could hamper an effective maturation of the entrepreneurial development process. Issues of institution building, creating the right environment for small- and medium-scale businesses and initiatives to thrive and a general paradigm shift towards citizen empowerment will help to overcome the hydra-headed challenges of gender bias, population explosion, poverty, corruption, unemployment, poor infrastructure, insecurity and leadership crisis, which are some of the banes that may tackle entrepreneurial development. Leaning on the State Theory's position that development can be achieved through internal growth, this paper argues that for sustainable entrepreneurial development to happen in Nigeria, certain internal contradictions bordering on socio-cultural and demographic dynamics must be addressed. Keywords: Socio-cultural dynamics, demographic factors, entrepreneurial development, Nigeria