Graphical Abstract Section Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2569 IMPROVED ROUTES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PENTAERYTHRITOL MONO-O-BENZYL ETHER Hussein Al-Mughaid and T. Bruce Grindley Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Two new efficient routes for the synthesis of pentaerythritol monobenzyl ether are described. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2577 MODELS FOR TAXOL BIOSYNTHESIS: SeO2 OXIDATION OF TAXADIENE Qiulong Huang, James D. Pennington, Howard J. Williams, and A. Ian Scott Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texsd, USA Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2587 SYNTHESIS OF β-PHENYLCHALCOGENO-α,β-UNSATURATED KETONES VIA HYDROCHALCOGENATION OF ACETYLENES USING MICROWAVE AND SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS Gelson Perin,1 Samuel R. Mendes,1 Márcio S. Silva,1 Eder J. Lenardão,1 Raquel G. Jacob,2 and Paulo C. dos Santos2 1Instituto de Química e Geociências, LASOL, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil 2Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2597 RAPID ONE-POT PREPARATION OF 2-SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLES FROM ESTERS USING MICROWAVE CONDITIONS Xiaobi Jing,1 Qihua Zhu,1 Feng Xu,1 Xinfeng Ren,2 Dong Li,1 and Chaoguo Yan1 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China 2College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China A high-yielding one-pot procedure for the generation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles first from esters using a microwave procedure is described. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2603 HIGHLY REGIO- AND STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF β-PHENYL-CHALCOGENYL ALLYL SULFONES BY HYDROCHALCOGENATION REACTION OF 1,2-ALLENYL SULFONES Feng Sha,1 Zhimeng Wu,1 and Xian Huang1,2 1Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi), China 2State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2613 GREEN SYNTHETIC METHOD FOR 1,5-DISUBSTITUTED CARBOHYDRAZONES Zheng Li, Wei Zhu, Jinlan Yu, Xuelin Ma, Zhong Lu, and Shuxiu Xiao Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China A green synthetic method for 1,5-disubstituted carbohydrazones using dimethyl carbonate as starting material under solvent-free conditions is described. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2621 CONVENIENT REARRANGEMENT REACTION OF 2-CHLOROGLYCIDIC ESTERS BY PPh3: A NEW SYNTHETIC METHOD OF 3-CHLORO-2-KETO ESTERS Takuzo Komiyama, Yutaka Takaguchi, and Sadao Tsuboi Department of Material and Energy Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2627 SYNTHESIS OF TADALAFIL ANALOGUES Liu-tang Wang,1 Hao Huang,2 Zhong-lin Ye,3 Yong Wu,1 and Xue-chao Wang3 1West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 2Chengdu College of Education, Chengdu, China 3Department of Research and Development, Di'ao Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China Synthesis of new analogues of tadalafil is described, starting from D-tryptophan methyl ester. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2633 SYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTERYLATED THIOGALACTOSIDES FOR GENE DELIVERY Li Hai, Jiang Fan, Zhirong Zhang, Guoyao Zhang, and Yong Wu West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China A series of cholesterylated thiogalactosides L1 –L6 , the cell targeting ligands for gene delivery to hepatocytes, was synthesized. from cholesteryl tosylate. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2655 CYCLOADDITION OF PORPHYRINS TO ISATIN: SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL SPIRO PORPHYRIN DERIVATIVES Xin‐Gang Liu, Ya‐Qing Feng, Chuang‐Jiang Tan, and Hong‐Liang Chen Department of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2667 SYNTHESIS AND CYTOTOXICITY OF 9-SUBSTITUTED BENZO[DE]CHROMENE-7,8-DIONE AND 5-BENZYL-9-SUBSTITUTED BENZO[DE]CHROMENE-7,8-DIONE Shi-Liang Huang,1,2 Yi Luo,1 Zhi-Shu Huang,1 Xing-Yuan Wang,1,2 Xian-Zhang Bu,1 Pei-Qing Liu,1 Lin Ma,2 Bing-Fen Xie,1 Zong-Chao Liu,3 Yue-Ming Li,4 Albert S. C. Chan,4 and Lian-Quan Gu1,2 1School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 3Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 4Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2685 SYNTHESIS OF 1,1‐DIMETHYL‐4-INDANOL DERIVATIVES Yang Wang, Jiang Wu, and Peng Xia Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Two approaches for the synthesis of the title compounds starting from phenols have been achieved. The reaction conditions were optimized and some reaction details were discussed. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2699 NABH4/CHARCOAL: A NEW SYNTHETIC METHOD FOR MILD AND CONVENIENT REDUCTION OF NITROARENES Behzad Zeynizadeh and Davood Setamdideh Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2705 SILICA-GEL-SUPPORTED ALUMINIUM CHLORIDE: A STABLE, EFFICIENT, SELECTIVE, AND REUSABLE CATALYST FOR TETRAHYDROPYRANYLATION OF ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS K. Parvanak Borujeni College of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran A simple, effective, and highly chemoselective method to form 2-tetrahydropyranyl ethers of alcohols and phenols in the presence of silica-gel-supported aluminium chloride as a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst is described. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused without appreciable change in its efficiency. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2711 ONE-POT SOLVENT-FREE PREPARATION OF 2-PHENYL-1,3,2-ARYLDIOXABORINS ON ACIDIC ALUMINA M. Reza Naimi-Jamal,1 Mojtaba Mirzaei,2 M. Bolourtchian,2 and Ali Sharifi2 1Organic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran 2Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran One-pot, solvent-free, microwave-promoted preparation of 1,3,2-aryldioxaborines on the surface of acidic alumina is described. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2719 MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY OF PYRIDAZINES CARRYING POLYFLUORO SUBSTITUENTS J. Kaminski,1 Rosa Moo-Puc,2 R. Cedillo-Rivera,2 and Z. Kazimierczuk3 1Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland 2Unidad Interinstitucional de Investigacion Medica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social/Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yuc., Mexico 3Institute of Chemistry, Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland and Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences Medical Research Center, Warsaw, Poland Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2727 KHSO4 · H2O/SiO2-Catalyzed, One-Pot, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyrazolines, Tetrahydrocarbozoles and Indoles using Microwave Irradiation Kamal K. Kapoor, Bilal. A. Ganai, Satish Kumar, and Charanjeet S. Andotra Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, India A high-yielding, operationally simple, solvent-free, and mild method is described for preparation of pyrazolines, tetrahydrocarbazoles and indoles in microwave and thermal conditions on different solid supports. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2737 CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF PYRANOBENZOPYRANES IN AQUEOUS MEDIA M. Kidwai and S. Saxena Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India The three-component reaction of aldehyde, malononitrile, and 4-hydroxy coumarin has been efficiently performed in aqueous K2CO3 using a simple, clean, environmentally benign, novel procedure employing microwave irradiation. Synth. Commun. 2006, 36, 2743 N-METHYLPYROLIDIN-2-ONE HYDROTRIBROMIDE (MPHT) AS A NEW AND EFFICIENT REAGENT FOR THE OXIDATION OF SULFIDES TO SULFOXIDES AND SULFONES Jomy K. Joseph, Suman L. Jain, and Bir Sain Chemical and Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India


The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of mixing either passion fruit, pineapple or banana by-products with 45-day-old
Guinea grass at 15% as fresh matter, prior to silaging. All products were chopped and thoroughly mixed, and then introduced in
experimental micro-silos (6 replicates per treatment) for 60 days (d). After opening the micro-silos, chemical composition and in vitro dry
matter, NDF and ADF degradation at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours were determined. The fruit's residues have few effects on silage
composition. Effective degradability of dry matter was not different (P>0.05) between silages with pineapple peels or passion fruit
rind, both showing higher values (P<0.05) than the guineas grass silage and that with banana peels. Effective degradability of NDF
and ADF were higher (P<0.05) in the silage that included pineapple peels and to a lesser extent in that with passion fruit rind than in the
other silages. In tropical countries, ensiling can be a viable way of preserving forages collected during the growing season and an
effective method to dispose of agro-industrial residues.


{ital Ab} {ital initio}, tight-binding, and classical calculations have been done for ({ital a}/2){l_angle}110{r_angle} edge dislocation dipoles in Si at separations of 7.5--22.9 A in unit cells comprising 32--288 atoms. These calculations show states associated with the cores relatively deep in the band gap ({similar_to}0.2 eV) despite the absence of dangling bonds. The shifts in the electronic states depend significantly on separation {ital d} and are correlated with a concentration of strain in the cores as the dislocations become more isolated. The strain energies exhibit a logarithmic dependence on {ital d} consistent with linear elasticity for all system sizes.


The paper presents a subject ontology of agricultural technology for growing sunflowers in Ukraine. Experts from the Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences were involved in the work. The experts identified Objectives and influencing factors on sunflower yield and formulated issues of ontology competence. The results of the work include the substantiation of the need to create an ontology of sunflower cultivation in Ukraine and its integration into the pan-European community. Based on the results of ontology modeling, it is recommended to use an ontological approach to manage the created data repositories on sunflower cultivation, its selection, genetics, and phenotyping. The ontology was built in the Protégé editor .


The virtuous cycle of sport ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining the sports system's stability and balance.At present,there are many problems in our country's sport ecosystem,such as poor sports environment,small population,lack of competitive sports reserve talents,unreasonable sports structure,low sports science and technology level,the unsound management system and policies and regulations and so on,which seriously affect and restrict the virtuous cycle of the sport ecosystem.It is suggested that we should do a good job in the construction of sports environment,increase the market development,deepen the reform,build sound laws and regulations,construct good scientific sports operation mechanism and construct a good supervision and evaluation mechanism to realize the virtuous cycle and development of sports ecosystem.


It seems intuitive to the believer that God intended through instruction in the Law to define morality, intended to lead humankind to "the right and the good." Further, God's love for humankind, exemplified by the incarnation, atonement and teachings of Jesus, and empowered by the Holy Spirit, should lead to a better world. Indeed, the Christian worldview is a coherent and valid way to look at bioethical issues in public policy and at the bedside. Yet, as this paper explores, in a pluralistic society such as the United States, it is neither possible nor desirable for Christians to try to force their views on others. Still, it is obligatory for Christians to stand up and articulate their views in the public square. We should try to persuade others using either prudential or moral arguments. While we must be willing to live with "the will of the people," at the same time, we must not be intimidated into accepting the position that our voice is not valid because it has a religious basis.


Preschool education is the base for the stable development of society and the improvement of populace's cultivation.The quality of teachers will decide the level of preschool education.To cultivate the qualified teachers for the minority areas is a guarantee for the development of preschool education.The ways to improve the preschool education in minority areas are discussed.The fostering of new teachers for ethnic minority regions' preschool education should lay stress on ethical traditional culture of the course content and embody the ethical characteristic fully.It also should lay stress on fostering compound talents of bilingual mode and enhance local adaptation,also on fostering level and quality and strive to enhance the professional level,and also on multi-channels fostering and strengthen the cooperation and exchange with the local colleges and universities.


Food quality and safety is an increasingly important public health issue as consumers need to purchase safe products that do not involve any kind of risk for health [1]. More so, assessment of food quality helps to ensure that all attributes that influence the value of a product for the consumer; this includes negative attributes such as spoilage, contamination with filth, discoloration, off-odors and positive attributes such as the origin, color, flavor, texture and processing method of the food [2]. The contamination of food products with microorganisms presents a problem of global concern, since the growth and metabolism of microorganisms can cause serious food borne intoxications and a rapid spoilage of the food products. Thus, the acceptance and safety of a food product for the consumers depends in great part on the presence and nature of microorganisms. Fungi, molds and bacteria are the agents responsible for various types of food spoilage and food borne intoxications [3].


Numerous factors affect document design decisions. At times, corporate needs and costs take precedence over customer preferences in the design process, This research examines customer documentation preferences with the release of a popular wordprocessing application. Ihe results of a 400-page sample survey of customer preferences are discussed in relationship to other factors involved in making documentation design decisions. As computer technology has developed and evolved, so has the documentation accompanying it (Farkas 1994, 1990). Most recently, companies have moved an increasing amount of documentation online due to cost of goods, marketing pressures, and alternative delivery methods (Smart 1995). While a change in documentation offerings usually reflects a change in a user-base (Dobrin 1991), at times factors other than customer preference drive corporate documentation decisions. Customer Documentation Preferences With the increasing movement of documentation to an online delivery, questions arise as to how companies make documentation design decisions. This research examines the preferences of customers as a factor in the design process by determining if customers use documentation, how often they use it, and what type of documentation they prefer. Four hundred users of a popular word processing application responded to a six-minute telephone interview. Among several questions, users were asked the following: (1) if they used computer documentation, (2) how often they used it, (3) what type of online documentation they preferred, (4) what type of print documentation they prefen-ed, and (5) given a choice, did they prefer online or print documentation. Despite complaints that suggest "Nobody Reads Documentation" (Rettig 1991), this survey showed that less than one percent of the respondents indicated they never used either print or online documentation. Over one half of the respondents indicated they used print documentation at least once a week, with just over one third indicating they used online help at least once a week, Additional questions showed that customers not only prefer print documentation to online documentation, but they use it more often. Balancing Corporate Goals with Customer Preferences Given the preference customers of this survey expressed for print documentation, how do we account for the increasing movement toward the online delive~ of documentation and companies' decisions to create documentation sets that seem to differ dramatically from customer preferences? Permlsslon to make digital/hard copy of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use 1s granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, the copyright notice, the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of ACM, Inc. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior speclflc permission and/or a fee. DOC 95-10/95 Savannah, Georgia, U S A @ 1995 ACM 0-89791 -713-8 /95/0010 ...$3.50 155 Other Document Design Factors Document design remains a complex process. While customer preference remains an important factor in documentation decisions, information designers and writers must consider a broad range of issues: customers' needs (which can differ from preferences), customers' willingness to pay, the availability of thirdparty support and documentation, market acceptance of alternative delivery methods, cost of goods, the legacy of previous systems and documentation types, the content of offerings by competitors, and corporate goals and commitment toward documentation. Albeit an important component, customer preference is but one factor in creating a documentation set. The Evolution of the Documentation Set As the documentation set evolves, companies will be required to reassess what documentation they offer to customers and how they deliver it. In the past, printed manuals and online help have been the key components of an application's documentation set. Alternative methods of support-such as fax, CD-ROM, the Internet, and intelligent agents—have caused companies to explore new forms of documentation. Despite the excitement caused by the introduction of new forms of documentation, companies must not neglect an enduring preference that many customers still have for print. Whether companies continue to produce printed documentation as they have in the pastor find third-party providers who will, printed manuals persist as an important piece of a documentation set,


Based on our previous study,dry sliding wear behavior of Ni-based self-lubricating wear-resistant coating was characterized on a HT-1000 ball-on-disc tester under various loads at 300 ℃ for expanding its application fields.Morphology and composition of the worn surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) attached with energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),and the corresponding wear mechanisms were discussed.The results show that with the increase of load,both the frictional coefficient and wear rate decrease firstly,then slightly increase.A small amount of debris disperses on the worn surface of the coating under low load(2 N).Due to the effects of oxide layer and lubricant particles spreading out onto the worn surface,the coating exhibits superior friction and wear properties under moderate load(5 N).As the load further increases up till 10 N,the worn surface appears some shallow grooves and craters owing to the spalling of carbides and lubricanting particles.


We describe a case of multiple myeloma (MM) presenting with high fever, inflammatory chemistry abnormalities, simultaneous acute renal failure, cholestatic hepatitis, and acute lung failure. The extremely aggressive course and pulmonary involvement in the form of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) are discussed, stressing the unusual nature of the findings and the variable picture of MM. Am. J. Hematol. 72:38–42, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In transcribing documents for machine entry, the font limitation of existing input devices becomes a barrier to full information flow. The printer's press has more than 3,000 symbols commonly available; a Flexowriter has less than 90, a card punch has less than 50. A satisfactory input language must significantly reduce this disparity and meet three additional requirements:1) It should require a minimum of intellection on the part of the input typist.2) The typed copy should be readable or readily translatable.3) The language must be machine interpretable by unequivocal and simple algorithmsA method is shown meeting these requirements, which uses pseudo-alphabets having mnemonic names, wherein the initials of these names are used in a manner analogous to single-address computer codes. The sequence of a transform signal followed by an alphabet initial specifies the operation or transformation, and simple format rules specify the extent of the operand. The most frequently used elements of these pseudo-alphabets have themselves a high degree of mnemonic correspondence to the keyboard symbols that represent them. The method is shown to be machinable and the logic of a simple interpreter-translator is presented.


The research of 3D shape matching starts to get more attention recently. In this short paper, we present a 3D shape matching framework. First, we give a general definition of similarity value of two objects. Then, an algorithm is proposed consisting of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), voxelization, and iterative coarse-to-fine aligning of two objects using multi-resolution volume representation. This process will align two objects to have the maximum overlap. Then, we can compute the similarity value for shape matching. The experiment results show the effectiveness of our framework.


Objective To evaluate the effect of different scanning and reconstruction parameters on image quality of dual energy lung perfusion imaging using dual source CT(DSCT).Materials and Methods 60 patients were divided into 5 groups,which same identical burden and injection speeding of contrast medium were adopted.Group 1 to 3 scanning was triggered by a bolus-tracking technique and image acquisition started 3,6,9s respectively,14 mm×1.2 mm detector collimation,0.5-second gantry rotation time,pitch of 0.5,reconstruction slice thickness 1.5 mm,interval 1.0 mm,and caudal to cranial direction.Group 4,cranial to caudal direction;group 5,reconstruction slice thickness 1.5 mm,interval 1.5 mm;other parameters of group 4 and 5 were the same with group 2.CT value on ascending aorta,pulmonary trunk,and superior vena cava were measured.Visualization scale of pulmonary artery and beam hardening artifact of superior vena cava were observed.Image quality of pulmonary artery and dual energy lung perfusion imaging were evaluated.Results The higher pulmonary trunk enhancement,lower superior vena cava enhancement,less beam hardening artifact and 5 branches of pulmonary artery were clearly found in group 2 with good image quality of dual energy lung perfusion imaging and pulmonary CT angiography(CTA),which compared with other groups,the differences had statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion Which same identical burden and injection speeding of contrast medium are adopted,scanning protocol of group 2 can provide better image quality of lung dual energy perfusion imaging and pulmonary CTA,however,the parameters of group 2 are recommended for clinical routine use.


We use a detailed database to investigate exchange-rate pass-through at the product level for a large number of countries. The empirical analysis suggests that pricing behaviours are dichotomous, with complete pass-through in around 25% of sectors and significant pricing-to-market in the remaining ones. Average long-run pass-through coefficient is close to 80%; this result hides a strong heterogeneity of pass-through behaviours across sectors. Even when composition effects are controlled for, average pass-through varies across importing countries. The econometric analysis shows that pass-through tends to be higher in volatile environments; in less developed countries; in weakly integrated markets. JEL classification: F12, F31, F41 Analyse sectorielle de la transmission des mouvements de change aux prix. Cet article utilise une base de données détaillée pour analyser l'effet du taux de change sur les prix à l'exportation, mesurés au niveau du produit. L'analyse empirique suggère que les comportements des prix sont dichotomiques: dans 25% des secteurs, les mouvements de change se répercutent entièrement sur les prix à l'importation tandis que la transmission est incomplète pour les autres. Le coefficient moyen de transmission est de 80% à long terme. Ce résultat cache cependant une grande hétérogénéité des comportements de transmission selon les secteurs. De plus, même quand on standardise pour tenir compte des effets de composition, le coefficient moyen de transmission varie selon les pays importateurs. En particulier, l'analyse économétrique montre que l'effet de transmission est plus élevé i) dans les environnements volatils, ii) dans les pays moins développés, et iii) dans les marchés plus faiblement intégrés. Gaulier is also affiliated with Centre d'Études Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales (CEPII). This paper was partly written when all three authors were affiliated with CEPII. Lahrèche-Révil is currently working at the IMF, Washington, DC. The authors wish to thank Agnès Bénassy-Quéré and Jean-Olivier Hairault for carefully commenting on previous versions of this paper. Thierry Mayer kindly provided data for the computation of the real integration measure. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue canadienne d'Economique, Vol. 41, No. 2 May / mai 2008. Printed in Canada / Imprimé au Canada 0008-4085 / 08 / 425–449 / C © Canadian Economics Association Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3592807 426 G. Gaulier, A. Lahrèche-Révil, and I. Méjean


The Raman spectra of Y2O3:Eu have been measured with microscopic Raman spectrometer(RENISHAW H13325) in the temperature region from 83K to 473 K.The pump light source is a semiconductor laser with radiation wavelength of 785 nm.It is found that the Raman spectra have prominently changes with the temperature.Some vibrational modes do not appear until the temperature increases to a certain value.They appear at higher temperatures due to the temperature-induced splitting of degenerate vibrational modes.Besides,the peak position and FWHM of the Raman modes vs.temperature are nonlinear.Different Raman modes follow different functions with temperature which may be induced by the anisotropic properties of crystal lattice.


Workers' compensation insurance provides medical payments and cash benefits to over seven million injured workers per year. As such, it is prob ably the largest social insurance program in the nation after Social Security. In the private market alone, employers paid approximately $20 billion in 1986 to insure their obligations under the various state workers' compensa tion statutes. Add to that the coverage provided by the federal government, state funds, and self-insurance, and the total expenditures for compensa tion of injury arising "out of, or in the course of employment" must exceed $30 billion. Given its size and scope, workers' compensation insurance must be the most under-researched social insurance program in the nation. Although it has largely escaped the attention of academic research, the workers' compensation insurance industry has not avoided the close scrutiny of consumers, insurers or regulators in this decade. Once a rather predictable line of coverage in the property-casualty insurance industry, workers' compensation insurance has recently become one of the more contentious and unsettled components of the insurance environment. While issues of availability have largely been avoided (in contrast to the considerable concerns in other property-casualty lines), the questions of affordability, cost containment, solvency, equity and adequacy of benefits, and accuracy of pricing have merited significant attention. 1


Field experiments in Ny‐Ålesund, Spitsbergen Island (Svalbard) demonstrated that water ice can be a suitable reaction medium for photochemical transformations of organic pollutants. Several aromatic carbonyl, chloro, nitro or hydroxy compounds, frozen in the ice‐matrix samples, underwent very efficient sunlight‐induced chemical changes. The photoproducts, in many cases completely different from those obtained from liquid solution photolysis, might pose a high toxicological risk to biota when they enter the environment. It is concluded that the results could be applicable to natural snow and ice, and that possible photochemical transformations should be considered in the ice‐core record studies.


The research area located in Baturappe area of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, is a hydrothermal mineralization district characterized by base metal veins. At least 20 units of 0.5-18 em thick quartz- Pb vein in basalt and porphyritic basalt are outcropped in the area, with general trends of north-northwest to northwest. The quartz veins display primary growth textures characteristics of episodic and multiphase, open-space precipitation, such as crustiform banding, symmetric banding, vugs, comb, crystalline, and saccharoidai. Symmetric


The lasting effects of instruction and supervision through Academic Learning TimePhysical Education (ALT-PE) on the relationship between perceived and observed behaviors of physical education student teachers and their students were investigated. Twenty-six physical education student teachers, who had earlier participated in a study done by O' Brien (1985) that assessed the effectiveness of two different types of supervisory feedback--systematic and conventional feedback--on pre-service teachers' behaviors, were videotaped three times while teaching their regularly rheduled classes. The three tapes of each subject were coded using the ALT-PE instrument. Prior to every videotaped class and immediately following these classes, each subject filled out the Teacher's Questionnaire on the Students' Activities (TQSA). This instrument was used to record the perceived students' behavior. The subjects were divided into two groups--those who had received conventional supervisory feedback as part of O'Brien's study (control group) and those who had received systematic supervisory feedback (treatment group) as part of O'Brien's study. All the videotapes served as data for the analysis. Only the postclass estimates from the TQSA were used for analysis. In the treatment group, significant canonical corelations were found for four variables in the context level and four variables in the learner involvement level. In the control group, no significant canonical correlations were found in the context level, and only one variable showed significant canonical correlations in the learner involvement level. No statistical test of the differences between correlations was applied because the correlations were so obviously different that for practical purposes there was a clear difference between the treatment and control group. This led to the rejection of the first hypothesis that there would be no significant differences in the observed teaching behaviors between the physical education student teachers who received instruction in and supervision through ALT-PE and those who did not. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to detenrrine significant differences in the students' behaviors between the groups. Significant differences (p < .05.) led to the rejection of the second hypothesis that there would be no significant difference between the accmed ALT-PE of students engaged in classes taught by physical education student teachers who received instruction and supervision through ALTPE and those who did not receive instruction and supervision through ALT-PE. Univariate analysis of variance was performed on each of the ALT-PE variables to identify those variables that accounted for a significant amount of the between-group difference. The variables that accounted for the between-group difference in the context level were transition/management and wann up, and in the learner involvement level the variables that accounted for the between-group difference were waiting, off-task, on-task, and motor appropriate (ALT-PE). From the findings it was concluded that physical education student teachers instructed in and supervised through ALT-PE were significantly more accurate in estimating observed students'behaviors. It was also concluded that physical education student teachers who had been instructed in and supervised through ALT-PE during O'Brien's study had students who accrued more ALT-PE than those students whose teachers only received conventional feedback. lastly, it was concluded that the effects of instruction and supervision through ALT-PE were still maintained up to 1 year following the cessation of training. THE LASTING EFFECTS OF INSTRUCTION IN AND SUPERVISION THROUGH ACADEMIC LEARNINGコ膨田―PHYSICAL EDUCA■ ON ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED AND OBSERVED STUDENrSi BEHAVIORS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Division of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Ithaca College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science w Carol Collinson Higgins September 1991 Ithaca College Division of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Ithaca, New York CER口[FICATE OF APPROVAL MASlIR OF SCIENCE THESIS This is to certify that the Master of Science Thesis of Carol Collinson Higgins submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Division of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation of Ithaca College has been approved. Thesis Advisor: Committee Member: Candidate: Chairman, Graduate Programs in Physical Education: Dean of Graduate Studies:


Based on a brief description of purpose and usage of the construction of sitcom- based pragmatic teaching corpus,this passage discusses the construction principle,implementation steps and some issues including corpus collection,screening,transcription,labeling,etc. and makes the prospection of the corpus expected values assisted with some related researches.


The behaviour of the small French population of the Black-shouldered Kite during the breeding season was studied from 1996 to 2002. The pairs occupy agricultural land which is mainly devoted to maize. The nests are nearly always built in Scots Pines Pinus pinaster, but occasionally in deciduous trees. In this latter case, they are hidden in Ivy Hedera helix or Mistletoe Viscum album, when the leaves of the trees have not yet appeared. Eggs are laid mainly in March, but breeding can take place as late as November. One female laid four clutches in the same year. A new nest is usually built for each clutch, with only two exceptions noted. The male takes part in the incubation for short periods mainly while the female is feeding. The male also provides prey for the female and the chicks, but the latter are fed exclusively by the female. The chicks show little aggressive behaviour neither between themselves nor towards their parents. They are independent between 20 and 60 days after fledging. The home range of a pair is about a thousand hectares when there are no neighbouring pairs. The shortest distance noted between two breeding pairs is 950 meters. Intruding Black-shouldered Kites are chased by the male, which executes a special behaviour with a territorial significance, the butterfly flight. Most other birds of prey are pursued, but falcons and crows are often tolerated near the nest. Most breeding failures are caused by persistent bad weather or the destruction of the nest by strong winds.


We present cathodoluminescence data of nanowires (NWs) grown using size-selected gold particles as seeds. The NWs have a GaAs core with a diameter of 50 nm and a length of several |im. The NWs in this study were generally covered with a shell of AlGaAs. With increasing growth temperature, the emission intensity increases significantly. From a variety of growth conditions, we conclude that the exposed sides of the NWs during growth play an important role in the emission intensity. The diffusion of carriers was studied by inserting a segment of GalnAs in GaAs NWs. By capping the NWs with an AlGaAs shell, we observe a tenfold increase in the diffusion length along the core.


Estimates of dietary botanical supplements and tea use in national samples of U.S. children range from 1% to 4%, but the rate of use in infants only is


Objective To investigate the reliability of the duodenal bilirubin absorbance values in the diagnosis of biliary attresia (BA). Methods Bilirubin exposure in the duodenum was measured with the Bilitec 2000 device in BA group (11 males and 6 females; aged from 2 to 16 weeks,average 5.7 weeks) and infantile hepatitis syndrome (IHS) group (14 males and 6 females; aged from 3 to 16 weeks, average 5 weeks).The original charts of bilirubin absorbance values were recorded, and investigation data included maximal absorbance value, percentages of total time absorbance ≥0.14U and 0.25 U were analyzed with the modified program of Esophogram software. Results The percentages of total time absorbance ≥0.14U, 0.25U and the maximal absorbance value in BA infants were significantly lower than those in IHS infants. Conclusions Dynamic observation of the duodenal bilirubin absorbance value can provide reliable evidence to the early diagnosis of BA.


For λ ∈ [0.6439, 0.6441]∪[0.6458, 0.6466]∪[0.6470, 0.6472], the "fat" Sierpiński triangle—the unique compact invariant set ("attractor") Λλ of the iterated function system on , where p0 = (0, 0), p1 = (1, 0), p2 = (1/2, 1)—has interior points and hence positive Lebesgue measure and Hausdorff dimension 2. For these λ, standard techniques for determining the Hausdorff dimension (or Lebesgue measure) of Λλ do not apply, and its Hausdorff dimension has not been known for any specific such λ. The novelty of our approach is that instead of extending techniques developed for small λ, we significantly extend geometric methods developed by Broomhead, Montaldi, and Sidorov for larger values of λ.


The recent progress of applications of hematoporphyrin derivatives on diagnosis and treatment of tumor is reviewed. The diagnosis of tumor, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, radioactive therapy and other treatment methods are summarized.


Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Devices (μPADs) are a simple analytical platform that satisfy combination of low cost, portability, and ease-to-use with selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. In this experiment, the μPADs devices are prepared using a chromatographic paper and designed at appropriate pattern prior to printing by mean of a solid ink (wax) printer to produce hydrophobic barriers and hydrophilic channels. Then, the μPADs are heated at 120°C for 3 min to allow a wax penetrates in the both side of a paper. The resulted μPADs are used for the detection of benzoic acid through alkalimetry principle. For this purpose, the devices are implanted with 5M NaOH in the detection zone and a 2% phenolphthalein indicator in the sample zone before dried in open air. When the devices have dried, the μPADs are ready to be used to detect benzoic acid. To avoid color interferences, the samples are distilled before introduced to the sample zone for quantitative detection. The result soft the color changes can be immediately seen by naked eye, and their intensities are quantified by the Image J software. Excellent linearity is achieved in the range of benzoic acid concentration of 20-120 ppm with the linear equation of Y = 0.0102 x + 0.0077 and the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9999. The optimized μPADs devices are successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of benzoic acid in the 5 kinds of commercially packaged beverages. There is no significantly different of the analytical results obtained by the µPADs in comparison to the spectrophotometric method. Overall, the results obtained in this study indicate that the μPADs devices are a reliable tool for high throughout and on-site determination of benzoic acid content in commercial drinks.


Sleep spindles are a hallmark of stage 2 sleep and are promising indicators of neurodegenerative disorders such as schizophrenia and dementia. In this paper two sleep spindle detectors are presented. The first is based on the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), the second is a novel algorithm and is based in the wave morphology of sleep spindles. Finally, a combination of the previous is proposed in a novel mixed algorithm. Performance results are presented applying the algorithms to a signal scored by two human experts. It is showed in that the combination of two algorithms, which separately provided seasonable results (around 91% sensibility), improves when they are mixed using the approach proposed (93%sensibility).


There is an increasing interest from both academics and practitioners on the application of Design Thinking (DT) for innovation efforts. This study explores the current real-life application of DT within five large Dutch multinationals for service innovation projects. It aims to develop an understanding of how and why DT is applied, and what the benefits and challenges are of the adoption. Based on existing literature, five propositions are developed that guide the data collection and analysis for eight case studies on service innovation projects where DT was applied. The results show that DT is applied as a mindset or 'way-of-thinking', supported by methods, processes and tools. Expected benefits that drive its application are increased customer value delivered by service innovations, as well as an improved ability to deal with complexity. Adoption of DT is hampered by the individual's understanding of DT as well as uncertainty avoidance. Based on the discussion of these findings within the extant literature, we propose a model comprising four interconnected factors driving DT adoption.


Intelligence is the logical ability of an entity to pursue its goal and ultimately achieving it successfully. Consequently, by comprehending and applying such ability in a collective environment, optimum results in goal attainment can be achieved. Such evidence is visible through the model of swarm intelligence in which entomological studies have been made to identify the social interactive behavior of ant and bee colonies. Harvesting successful collective behavior among these insects with such low level logical ability instigates further research on capturing the collective behavior of humans, who possess much higher state of intelligence. In this paper, we investigate and identify the emergence of collective intelligence amongst humans. This is done through the observation of face-to-face meetings in which two or more human entities are involved in formal and informal discussions. In this paper, the term personal intelligence is introduced to describe it's influence in generating successful Collective Intelligence. Finally, a preliminary theory is introduced to support the concept of Collective Intelligence.


This study aimed to evaluate the viability supply of boron (B), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) through salts tablets implanted in Coffea arabica stem. The experiment was carried out using a coffee plantation in a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were different supply routes as described next: without supply of B, Cu and Zn; foliar sprays with boric acid, copper oxychloride and zinc sulfate applied in 0.4% concentrations; tablet containing B salts; tablet containing Cu salts; tablet containing Zn salts and tablet containing B, Cu and Zn salts. Tablets were introduced in the sapwood of orthotropic branches to 10 cm above the soil surface. Both forms of supply, foliar sprays and tablets trunk insertion are efficient supply B, Cu and Zn on coffee, thus proved to be a promising way of supplying these micronutrients.


Our goal of the beam power of Main Ring (MR) for Fast eXtraction (FX) is 750 kW. The repetition rate for beam operation must be increased from current 0.4 Hz to 0.78 Hz in 2021. We have been evaluating the new Low-Field FX Septum Magnets (LF FX-Septa) which are induced eddy current type since 2014. The induced eddy current type does not have any septum coil, but has a thin plate. We also need a new pulse power supply (PS). The 1 Hz operation test and leakage field measurement were conducted in 2018 and 2019. We have still technical issues about the PS. We confirmed the large end-fringe field. Thus, the additional magnetic shield was installed, and we confirmed the leakage field were reduced by the shield. The new LF FX-Septum will be installed in MR in 2021.


AIM:To develop a method for simultaneously determining tetrandrine,fangchinoline and berberine hydrochloride in Fengtongan Capsule(Radix Stephaniae tetrandrae,Medulla Tetrapanacis,Fructus Chaenomelis,Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis,etc).METHODS:RP-HPLC was used with Phenomenex Gemini C_ 18 column.The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-phosphate buffer solution(0.01 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01 mol/L sodium heptanesulfonate were mixed equally,which contained 0.2% triethylamine,then was adjusted to pH 3.0 by phosphoric acid)(25∶20∶55).The detection wavelength was at 230 nm.RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship in tetrandrine content of 0.051 52-0.824 3 μg(r= 0.999 9),fangchinoline content of 0.035 20-0.563 2 μg(r= 0.999 9),and berberine hydrochloride content of 0.031 36-0.501 8 μg(r= 0.999 7).The average recovery of tetrandrine was 97.23%(RSD=1.3%,n=9),99.56%(RSD= 1.6%,n=9)for fangchinoline and 98.22%(RSD=1.5%,n=9)for berberine hydrochloride.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,selective and reproducible.It can be applied to the quality control of Fengtongan Capsule.


High-precision extraction of particulate characteristic modes is essential for dust explosion safety measurements, such as particulate concentration and size distribution. A new solution based on information entropy multi-decision attribute reduction fuzzy rough set is proposed to analyse the particulate morphology characteristics, which effectively avoids the shortcomings of traditional technology (low accuracy, stochasticity, etc.). The proposed approach consists of three stages: membership function modelling, attribute reduction, and maximum information entropy threshold segmentation. The membership coefficient was determined with a multi-segment function by developing the fuzzy degree of the membership model for dust image pixels. The fuzzy dependence of the conditional attribute was determined to extract the fuzzy attribute reduction. Finally, the model of coal dust particulates with information entropy was improved to extract the maximum segmentation threshold, which is significant for classification. The proposed methods were evaluated over a sequence of 30 image sets. The unclassified rate evaluation reached 0.978 for particle sizes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ge200~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, 0.958 for [75 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, 200 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>] and 0.950 for particle sizes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 75~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed reduction approach offered a performance improvement in terms of more important attribute implementation. The paper demonstrated that the maximum information entropy reduction model can remove the redundant attributes without compromising the precision.


Discussion The results presented here indicate that television is perceived to be a more credible, truthful and important source of local news than the newspaper. The expectation that newspapers would fare better in a direct local medium comparison, based on Stempel's research, was apparently unfounded. In this study, findings do not support the greater importance of local news presented on television, although the data are in the hypothesized direction. Results d o support the hypothesis and the findings of Westley and Severin in terms of the perceived truthfulness of television news.II One caveat stems in order. The public has a different orientation toward television than it does toward the newspaper. Greenberg and Roloff suggest that the public's orientation toward televkion is not toward the news function but is more toward the entertainment that is received.12 The viewer goes to TV for entertainment. By contrast, Gmnberg and Roloff believe that the public goes to a newspaper to obtain information. Therefore. the newspaper has a more narrowly defined role as a source of personal and utilitarian information in contrast to television. These contrasting role definitions create problems when asking credibility questions, such as those used in this study, because the respondent must separate the entertainment function from the news function. This problem may result in a general bias in favor of TV. Even given this caveat, it seems evident from the large body of media credibility literature that newspapers have " E m in tbk QI. howevu. tckvi*on hu .pprcntly nude SOIIY in-rods on paat a r n p p r &m#u. W a t k y .ad Scvcrin found t b t Dmppn YCR comidmd mom ucum* and truthful t b n tckvlion by cbc mlw e d u t d and by uuk idv lu Our mulu i-1 t h t thu nthtiomhip no hm#cr W S . wmm end RM, op. it.. p. 30. yet to reverse, or, for that matter, stabilize the trend toward wider divergence in the public evaluation of newspapers versus TV news. Inasmuch as comparative newspaper-TV evaluations have become less favorable to newspapers over time, it seems that the newspaper i n d w try has a much stronger incentive for technological innovation, particularly in its news delivery system, than does television. For exampk, given the dominance and pervasiveness of TV, perhaps the newspaper industry should capitalize on the delivery of news in electronic form via interactive cable communications. Innovative delivery systems may affect future public evaluations of the news media.


An extensive investigation into the applicability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and its synergy with rhamonolipid (a surfactant-active agent) and/or an alkali (NaOH) was carried out to evaluate and ...


This paper describes a new method to utilize redundancy of hyper redundant robots. To achieve dexterous motion of hyper redundant robot, joint inputs should be determined by taking account of i.e., the contribution of all actuators for the achievement of target motions and capability for unpredictable target motions in future is necessary. Two evaluation indices, the movability index of each link and the assistability index for target motion, are thus formulated with the angle distribution of column vectors of Jacobian matrix for each link. Then joint input to maximize or minimize these indices are derived based on an improved gradient projection method. The physical meaning of the proposed indices is also discussed by comparing with conventional manipulability measure. Motion control simulations and experiments with a planar 10R serial manipulator revealed the effectiveness of the proposed method.


1 The present study investigated the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes in rat renal resistance vessels. 2 Studies on renal haemodynamics were carried out 7 days after the last streptozotocin. Changes in renal blood flow were recorded in response to electrical stimulation of the renal nerve (RNS) and a range of adrenergic agonists; noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE) and methoxamine (MTX), either in the absence or the presence of nitrendipine (Nit), 5-methylurapidil (MEU), chlorethylclonidine (CEC) or BMY 7378. 3 In non-diabetic animals, Nit, MEU and BMY 7378 significantly attenuated renal vasoconstriction induced by adrenergic agonists, while CEC showed a significant accentuation in RNS-induced responses without having a significant effect on responses to adrenergic agonists. In diabetic rats, renal vasoconstriction was also significantly reduced in Nit-, MEU- and BMY 7378-treated groups and CEC potentiated RNS-induced contractions caused a change similar to that observed in non-diabetic rats. BMY 7378 significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the PE- and MTX-induced vasoconstrictions but did not cause any significant (P > 0.05) alteration in the RNS- and NA-induced responses. 4 The results showed functional co-existence of alpha(1A)- and alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors in the renal vasculature of SD rats irrespective of the presence of diabetes. A possible minor contribution of prejunctional alpha-adrenoceptor subtype has also been suggested in either experimental group, particularly possible functional involvement of alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor subtypes in non-diabetic SD rats.


Meth-A fibrosarcoma-implanted mice were examined for protective activity to lethal Candida albicans infection. The number of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was markedly increased in the mice, and their candidacidal function was also activated. The growth of C. albicans invitro was inhibited by the addition of serum from Meth-A-implanted mice. This activity was inhibitedby the addition of an inhibitor of transferrin, ferric sulphate. These findings indicated that C. albicans cells were efficiently eliminated by the activated PMNs and that the elimination was increased by the serum transferrin in Meth-A-implanted mice. leukocytes, Transferrin,


Databases are utilized to keep up information esteems in an organized way. Information and its depiction subtleties are kept up in a tri organized way in xml report. XPath and XQuery inquiry dialects are utilized to question XML information. XQuery is genuinely confused to comprehend its structure. Inquiry dialects require the information about the record pattern. Watchword based inquiry models does not requires the earlier information about the XML record structure.  XML report recovery is performed with catchphrase-based question. In catchphrase question model hunt inquiry watchword is passed to the framework to bring the significant archives. Fluffy sort ahead inquiry in XML information conspire is applied to look XML reports with question catchphrase. Auto-complete and auto-adjustment strategies are utilized to submit question catchphrases. Record structures and looking through calculations are utilized to improve the quality and positioning procedure. Alter separation is utilized to evaluate the similitude between two words. Insignificant cost tree is built to file the watchwords. Definite hunt and fluffy pursuit procedures are applied to get records. The top-K results are brought from top-K pertinence strategy. Fluffy sort ahead search conspire is upgraded with idea investigation and question development strategies. List model is improved with watchword pertinence and weight esteems. The framework is upgraded with search history-based question help conspire. Weight edge-based recovery is given in the framework.


It is assumed that credit rating agencies are inclined to induce inflated ratings. This paper investigates a repeated-agent game in which a regulatory scheme generated. Although the credit rating agencies may overestimate the credit level, our research proves that the credit rating agencies will be forced to assign correct ratings under certain conditions.


The accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere is a major environmental hazard. As a result various methods for capturing CO2 was suggested. One of such methods included the development of carbon-based adsorbents due to their large surface area and low heat capacity for CO2 capture which was studied in this report. Graphene oxide (GO) was selected as the adsorbent for its potential benefit in CO2 capture.
 A modified hummers method was used for the synthesis of GO which showed the existence of the hydroxyl (3440 cm-1), epoxyl (1036 cm-1) and carboxyl (1720 cm-1) functional groups in its FTIR spectra. The C/O ratio in the GO was on an average of 2.57. The hydroxyl groups were subjected to a Johnson-Claisen rearrangement which gave rise to an ester functional group attached to GO. The ester group was saponified to carboxylic acid groups and reacted with ethylenediamine to produce an amine-functionalized GO. The amine which increases the CO2/H2 selectivity for pre-combustion CO2 capture got attached to the carboxylic and epoxyl groups in GO. Thermogravimetric analysis was done on the amine-functionalized GO and a weight gain of about 1.173% which signified the adsorption of CO2 was achieved. However,
improvements to this procedures need to be taken since a considerable amount of CO2 was not captured in future work.


This paper examines the alimony in the family perspective of the Qur'an and hadith contained in surah Al-Baqarah verse 233 and surah Al-Nisaa verse 32, using the library research method, which uses literature, and other legal materials as the main object in studying living in the family. This paper aims to determine whether a wife can work outside the home to provide for the family and how Islam gives the wife the most expansive freedom to work outside the home. A basic need for both husband and wife towards their children and their families is earned. The results of this study show that the wife who works to help the husband meet the livelihood of her legal family mubah (may) with various meanings that the ulama have determined, namely with the husband's permission and indeed solely needed to meet the needs of the family. The need to work for the wife also needs to respect the conditions set by the ulama, namely by avoiding ikhtilat (mixing with men) in work to avoid negative things that may happen.


A new stereo patch matching algorithm combining region matching and feature matching is proposed to solve the deficiency about error matching and sparse disparity,polar rectification is carried out and match searching region is limited to before image pair matching,then SAD is adopted in similarity measurement.It is experimented by an arbitrary image pair acquired from small unmanned mobile platform's binocular stereo system,the matching results show that this matching method is effective and practicable.


Abstract: This contribution discusses the basic concept of creating a new model for the efficiency and effectiveness assessment of company information systems. The present trends in this field are taken into account, and the attributes are retained of measuring the optimal solutions for a company's ICT (the implementation, functionality, service, innovations, safety, relationships, costs, etc.). The proposal of a new model of assessment comes from our experience with formerly implemented and employed methods, methods which we have modified in time and adapted to companies' needs but also to the necessaries of our research that has been done through the ZEFIS portal. The most noteworthy of them is the HOS method that we have discussed in a number of forums. Its main feature is the fact that it respects the complexity of an information system in correlation with the balanced state of its individual parts.


This trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary iodine supplementation levels on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of growing meat rabbits from weanling to 2-month-old.Eighty 35-day-old weanling New Zealand rabbits with average body weight of(780±50) g were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 rabbit per replicate.The rabbits in 4 groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0(control),0.1,0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg iodine,respectively.The trial lasted for 7 days for adaptation,and 23 days for test.The results showed as follows:dietary iodine supplementation levels significantly affected average daily gain(ADG)(P0.05) and the ADG in 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg groups was higher than that in control group(P0.05).The feed/gain(F/G) was significantly affected by the dietary iodine supplementation levels(P0.05) and the F/G in 0.5 mg/kg group was lower than that in control group and 0.1 mg/kg group(P0.05).The serum routine biochemical indices were not significantly affected by the dietary iodine supplementation levels(P0.05).Dietary iodine supplementation levels significantly affected serum immunoglobulin A(IgA) content(P0.05) and the IgA content in 0.5 mg/kg group was higher than that in other groups(P0.05).The serum immunoglobulin G(IgG) and immunoglobulin M(IgM) contents were not significantly affected by dietary iodine supplementation levels(P0.05).Dietary iodine supplementation levels significantly affected serum triiodothyronine(T3) content(P0.01).With the increase of the iodine supplementation levels,the T3 content was increased firstly and then decreased,and the highest T3 content was found in 0.5 mg/kg group.There was no significant difference in serum tetraiodothyronine(T4) content among different groups(P0.05).In conclusion,the appropriate iodine supplementation level in the diet of growing meat rabbits from weanling to 2-month-old was 0.5 mg/kg(the content of iodine in basal diet was 0.22 mg/kg).


We document that investor sentiment is positively related with pre-SEO overpricing and plays an important role in managers' equity issuance decisions. Further, we provide evidence that investor sentiment impacts the SEO discounting and underpricing. High sentiment periods are followed by low long run returns suggesting that sentiment does not proxy for unobservable fundamentals. Overall, our findings are consistent with market timing and behavioral explanations for equity offerings.


Microaggregate development and turnover and its linkage to the function of soils is a major research field in soil science. Microaggregates are deemed the most stable and persistent compound structures in soils and are conceptually considered as the fundamental structural building units of a – frequently even hierarchically structured – soil (Totsche et al. 2018). Most of the research on microaggregates has been motivated by the search for a better understanding of the storage and dynamics of soil organic matter. Fueled by the advent of instrumental analytical tools that allow to study soil structural and chemical heterogeneity, biodiversity and biogeography on the submicron scale, and expedited by the advancement of theoretical approaches for joint reconstruction and interpretation in-silico  recent direction changed: New foci are the formation, stability and turnover of microaggregates, their composite building units, the patterns of spatial allocation of the various inorganic, organic and biotic materials involved, and the role microaggregates might have in and for the functioning of soil. This presentation will give a compact overview on the current topics, challenges and concepts in microaggregate research and the role of microaggregates for the architecture, properties and functions of soils.


The purpose of this article is to begin to explore how collective and sociomaterial theories of learning might be applied within interdisciplinary and interprofessional contexts—in particular the team-based collaboration that is playing an ever larger role in both fields. It articulates several key features of interdisciplinary and interprofessional activities and then speculates on how they might be productively reframed through the lenses of the following theoretical perspectives: communities of practice, cultural historical


There is strong evidence that vitamin D insufficiency in children and young adults may increase risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) and adversely affect its course, suggesting that correction of vitamin D insufficiency could be important for MS prevention and treatment. Still debatable, however, is whether vitamin D levels may already be important before birth, and thus whether adequate vitamin D supplementation should start during pregnancy. In this issue of Annals of Neurology, Ueda et al report the lack of association between neonatal vitamin D status and MS risk in a large case– control study based on the Swedish Phenylketonuria Register, a biobank containing dried blood spots (DBS) collected from virtually all newborns in Sweden since 1975. This investigation addressed the following question: given 2 groups of children of the same sex and born in the same month and year, do those with the highest blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels at birth have a lower MS risk than those with the lowest levels? Because neonatal 25(OH)D levels are strongly correlated with levels in the umbilical cord and are a reasonable proxy for levels during pregnancy, if in utero vitamin D exposure contributed to predict risk, a difference in rates of MS between the 2 groups would be expected. The reported lack of association thus provides some evidence against the hypothesis that in utero vitamin D levels are an important predictor of MS risk. Strengths of the study include the relatively large sample size (n 5 459 MS cases), which provides sufficient power to detect moderate to strong associations between neonatal vitamin D status and MS risk, and the use of a previously validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay to measure 25(OH)D levels in DBS. There are, however, several important limitations that need to be considered. One is the representativeness of controls. The purpose of a control group is to provide an unbiased estimation of the distribution of the exposure of interest (in this case neonatal vitamin D status) in the population that generated the cases. Although controls were well matched by demographic factors, only 44% of those eligible were included in the study (66% returned the study questionnaire, and 67% of those consented to be in the blood study). The validity of the study rests on the reasonable but unproven assumption that the 25(OH)D levels at birth were similar among those controls who participated and those who declined to be in the study. A second and more important issue is that of the validity of the 25(OH)D measurements themselves. As reported by the authors, there was evidence of substantial degradation of 25(OH)D levels in older DBS samples. Although the degree of degradation would be expected to be similar between MS cases and controls, it is likely to vary between individual samples, thus resulting in a random misclassification of 25(OH)D levels across quintiles, and in attenuation of any association with MS risk that may have been present. Finally, the estimated 25(OH)D levels were generally low overall, with average levels in the insufficient range (mean 25[OH]D in all cases and controls was 29.7nmol/l), raising the possibility that few of the newborns had 25(OH)D levels high enough to confer some degree of protection. These limitations notwithstanding, the lack of association between 25(OH)D levels, seen also in analyses stratified by years of birth, provides some evidence against a strong association between 25(OH)D and MS risk over the range of 25(OH)D concentrations characteristic of this northern European population. The relevance of in utero exposure to inadequate vitamin D to MS risk has strong appeal, but little empirical support. A role for the intrauterine environment in MS risk could contribute to explaining the higher concordance rate in fraternal twins as compared to nontwin siblings, but numerous other explanations could account for this difference. Also, MS risk appears to peak in individuals born at the end of spring, just after the nadir of winter vitamin D levels, consistent with the hypothesis that in utero vitamin D insufficiency, particularly during the second or third trimester, is a risk factor for MS, but seasonality in infections or diet, or statistical artifacts, could contribute to this "month of birth" effect. Finally, a lower MS risk has been observed in a retrospective study among women whose mothers reported a higher dietary vitamin D intake in pregnancy. However, this study relied on the recall of diet decades earlier, and it should thus be interpreted cautiously. Paradoxically, the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS, was reduced rather than increased in the offspring of vitamin D–deficient mothers. Mice born to vitamin D–deficient mothers were found to have significant alteration in expression of selected genes, including an increased expression of


The generalized likelihood ratio test(GLRT) is proposed to achieve optimum detection for differential UWB signals.Under unknown channel conditions,maximum likehood estimation of the channel response is implemented,statistical detection of differential UWB signals is performed subsequently,and the receiver architecture based on the generalized likelihood ratio test is obtained.The analytical conclusion shows that the GLRT receiver of differential UWB is a correlation receiver in which the local template waveform is computed as the average of the channel responses to former symbol pulses.Based on the conclusion,the performance of bit error probability is analyzed by using a Gaussian approximation of the noise components at the output of the receiver.The GLRT receiver can serve as a performance benchmark for the conventional differential UWB receivers.


Objective:To isolate and study the phenotype and biological characteristics of lung derived mesenchymal stem cell.Methods:Lung of 4~5 months old aborted fetus was dissected away from connective tissue,and was cut into small pieces,and digested by collagernase(type Ⅱ).The adherent cells were harvested and subcultured,after the third subculture,the cells were used for experiments.Cell cycle was analyzed by measuring DNA content by FACS can flow cytometer.Phenotypical of MSCs was analyzed by immunohistochemical SA technique and differentiated cells were identified by specific staining.The cultured cells dyed with PKH26 were injected into NOD/SCID mice sublethally irradiated(250 cGy).The transplantation of the cells was studied.Results:Fetal lung derived cells gave rise to a population of adherent cells characterized by the presence of a predominant cell type with a typical fibroblast like morphology.During the log phase of growth,MSC proliferated with a population doubling time of 21h.MSC can be ex vivo expanded by successive cycles of trypsinization,seeding,and cultured.Under these conditions,MSC had capability of passaging up to 30 times without displaying significant changes in morphology,with 2 fold increase in cell number after each passage.This indicates the high ex vivo expansion potential of MSC.Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry revealed that more than 94% of cells were in the G0/G1 phases,while a small population of cells were actively engaged in proliferation(S+G2+M=5 6%).It is also showed that more than 90% of cells were positive stained by FITC labeled CD44,CD29,CD105,CD166,Flk?1,and only under 1% of cells positive for CD34,HLA DR.,CD45,CD11a.In the differentiation research,the culture expanded pancreas MSCs can be directed into the osteogenic lineage as determined by osteoblastic morphology,expression of alkaline phosphatase,modulation of osteocalcin mRNA production and the formation of a mineralized extracellular matrix.And it presented as well that MSCs can give rise to the adipogenic as evidenced by accumulation of lipid rich vacuoles within cells and the expression of lipoprotein lipase mRNA.The dyed cells in the lung of NOD/SCID mice 2 months through fluoromicroscopy could be observed.Conclusion:Mesenchymal stem cells exist in human lung and can be isolated by their adherent ability and should be essential to sustain a steady supply of primitive cells in tissue remodeling.And mesenchymal stem cells could lodge in the lung of NOD/SCID mice during a long time.


This paper is a review of academic conferences on polyglottery that took place in spring 2022, namely a paper at the conference "Integrative and Cross-Cultural Approaches to the Study of Thinking and Language", the 2nd International Seminar on Linguistics & Polyglot Studies, and the round table "Research on Polyglottery: Theoretical Analysis and Practice" as part of the 20th International Symposium on Psycholinguistics and Communication Theory. Discussed are polyglots' cognitive skills, self-monitoring instruments and learning strategies, the hyperintensive method, cognitive metaphors, social perception of polyglottery, common principles behind language processing by brain and by machine, and other issues.


This paper describes a controlled-power-angle synchronous motor inverter system which provides drive characteristics similar to those of an induction motor inverter system. The system consists of a conventional synchronous motor with a shaft-position sensor which controls the firing of thyristors in an inverter. This paper investigates the steady-state properties and control strategies for the controlled-angle synchronous motor inverter system. Some experimental results are presented and compared with theoretical predictions.


This paper presents an object recognition and identification system using the Harris Corner Detection method. The process starts from imported images into the system by webcam, detected image edge by canny edge detection, recognized the object by Harris Corner Detection, and separated the objects by the robot arm. Three object types; triangle, rectangular and, rigid circle are used. The results showed that the objects can be isolated 94%, 95%, and 99% correct for triangular, rectangular, and rigid circle respectively. Index Terms—Harris Corner Detection, canny edge detection,


In this article we introduce new notions of local extremality for finite and infinite systems of closed sets and establish the corresponding extremal principles for them, here called rated extremal principles. These developments are in the core geometric theory of variational analysis. We present their applications to calculus and optimality conditions for problems with infinitely many constraints.


The Foreigner Reporting Application (APOA) is an application created by the Directorate General of Immigration, and has now undergone a system update that previously could only be accessed through the website. The Foreigner Reporting Application (APOA) V.2 Based on QR Code is an improvement of the Foreigner Reporting Application (APOA) V.1 which has been previously implemented by guarantors, foreign sponsors, hotel and lodging parties. This APOA socialization activity was organized by the Immigration Office Class II TPI Belawan together with the Immigration Polytechnic cadets to provide information related to the development of the system in the Foreigner Reporting Application (APOA) V.2, making it easier for the public to provide information to relevant immigration officers regarding foreigners who in the work area of the Immigration Office Class II TPI Belawan. In addition, it can minimize the spread of the Covid 19 virus due to the reduced movement of people who will provide information regarding foreigners to the Class II Immigration Office of TPI Belawan.


A comparison of experimental and theoretical vibrational collision numbers has been carried out for deuterium and hydrogen and also for interactions of those gases with argon and krypton. Agreement is obtained for the latter while definite discrepancies appear for the D2—D2 and H2–H2 interactions. This discrepancy is rather large at the lowest temperatures; however, extrapolation of the experimental data indicates that at temperatures of the order of 10 000°K agreement is attained.The intermolecular interaction constants used in comparing theory and experiment are shown to be consistent with those derived from measurements on rotational relaxation times for hydrogen and hydrogen—rare‐gas mixtures. Using these interaction constants a value of 67 collisions is obtained for the rotational collision number of hydrogen in the limit of very high temperature.


The purpose of the study was to assess the correctness of the implementation of poultry transports and the violations found during the inspections carried out by the Regional Road Transport Inspectorate of Rzeszow, from 2016 to 2020. The highest number of poultry transport inspections was carried out in 2018 and 2019, while the highest average number of individuals was found during the inspection in January 2017. The study noted a significant trend indicating a reduction in the number of cases of poultry transport irregularities in consecutive years.


Skyrmion racetrack memory (SK-RM) has shown great potential for replacing DRAM or SRAM with its high density and great access performance. Unlike other non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), SK-RM supports random updates through injecting or removing skyrmions on a racetrack. Injected skyrmions can be shifted along the racetrack to store data. Nevertheless, since most previous studies focus on minimizing the number of inject or shift operations, the unique feature of moving skyrmions vertically between racetracks and the possibility of utilizing free or invalid memory space to preserve skyrmions receive much less attention. In this paper, we observe that vertical movement and preservation of skyrmions provide a great opportunity to mitigate the possible run time performance degradation issue of NVRAM-based flash translation layer (FTL), as writes of mapping entries typically induce more overhead than reads on NVRAM. To fully exploit the benefits of SK-RM within the FTL mechanism, this paper proposes an SK-FTL to enable a high-performance and non-volatile FTL by preserving and reforming skyrmions over multiple data writes. Experimental results suggest that SK-FTL can effectively improve the performance of non-volatile FTL.


A 3-year-old boy presented with a week's history of fever, cough and mild shortness of breath, with no history of previous recurring chest or abdominal symptoms. His chest examination demonstrated basal crepts, and his abdominal examination was normal. Chest radiograph showed generalised inflammatory changes in lung fields and a radiolucent shadow under the right diaphragm with some haustral marking suggestive of interposition of colon between the diaphragm and liver (figure 1). This x-ray finding is called …


Native point defect doping via thermal treatment is an easy and promising method to tune the electrical transport properties of semiconductors made for renewable-energy conversion. In this study, we investigate the vacancy doping of the lowly toxic semiconductor Bi 2 S 3 using electrical conductivity as well as thermoelectric power measurements. We enhance the electrical conductivity of bismuth sulfide nanoparticle layers by more than four orders of magnitude by a stepwise thermal treatment in a moderate temperature range (300–480 K). Via thermoelectric power measurements we attribute this enhancement to an increase in charge-carrier mobility by two orders of magnitude and to an increase in charge-carrier density by more than two orders of magnitude. We find that the energetic position of the electron-doping sulfur vacancies of bismuth sulfide nanoparticles is significantly shallower than previously reported for bulk material. Subsequently, we implement Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles doped with sulfur vacancies by thermal annealing in photovoltaic devices using P3HT as an electron donor molecule. We find that annealing up to 383 K yields the best compromise between improving charge-carrier transport and increasing defect densities.


In this paper the importance of soil studies in environmental conservation is pointed out, especially as regards the Nurra area (Sardinia, Italy). Thus the main soil types present in that area are described and classified according to the soil taxonomy of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Also proposed are methods for a rational interpretation of land capability and land evaluation.


The Tonian Period witnessed important environmental changes and critical evolutionary innovations. Published iron speciation data suggest a global redox transition of mid‐depth seawaters from euxinic to ferruginous in early Tonian, but details of this transition remain unknown. This study explores Tonian stromatolitic carbonates as a possible archive of paleoenvironmental changes, through the investigation of dolomitic limestones and dolostones associated with stromatolites of the Weiji Formation in the Huaibei region of North China. Three types of dolomitization are recognized on the basis of petrographic and geochemical data. Type I and II dolomitization resulted in dolomitic limestones characterized by LREE depletions, MREE enrichments, positive yttrium anomalies, and a lack of europium anomalies, indicating early diagenetic dolomitization, possibly in the iron reduction zone and under the influence of bottom seawater. The lack of cerium anomalies in these carbonates suggests anoxia in shallow marine environments. The coexistence of ferroan/non‐ferroan dolomite crystals and overgrowth bands is interpreted as possible evidence for rapid fluctuations between iron‐rich and iron‐depleted conditions in pore‐waters or seawaters. In contrast, type III dolomitization resulted in pervasively dolomitized stromatolitic carbonates and likely represents late diagenetic processes. This study highlights the potential of early diagenetic dolomite as an archive for paleoenvironmental investigations.


The influence of borosilicate (BS) addition on the mechanical properties and sinterability of yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers-hardness test. Undoped and 0.5–10 wt.% BS-doped 8YSZ powders were prepared using a colloidal process. The powders were then pelletized under a pressure of 200 MPa. The BS-doped 8YSZ specimens were sintered at 1200–1400 ◦C for 1 h. SEM results showed that intergranular glass phases were formed at the grain boundaries of 8YSZ, particularly in the 5 and 10 wt.% BS-doped 8YSZ specimens. These intergranular glass phases caused a decrease in grain size of 8YSZ. The grain sizes of the undoped and 0.5 wt% BS-doped 8YSZ specimens were 2.68 μm and 1.83 μm, respectively. The addition of BS to 8YSZ caused a decrease in the relative density. In addition, the relative density was found to be increased with higher sintering temperature. The hardness of 8YSZ decreased with the increase in BS dopant amount, due to presence at the grain boundaries of a BS glassy phase that has a lower hardness than 8YSZ.


Based on the single well and sedimentary facies data,the mudstone caprock in Meishan Formation of Qiongdongnan Basin was comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that the lithology of caprock was mainly shallow-bathyal marine mudstone,and the caprock developed in northern uplift belt and central depression,and the lateral continuity was good.The macro parameters,which included the maximum single-layer thickness,cumulative thickness and sandy content,showed that high-quality mudstone distributed along the northwest-southeast direction.Based on the relationship between sonic interval transit time and the displacement pressure of observed rock sample,the difference of displacement pressure between sandstone in the first member of Sanya Formation and mudstone in Meishan Formation was calculated,and the microscopic evaluation was carried out.The results indicated that the characteristic of the difference of displacement pressure was high in the upland and low in the depression for single well.The parameters,which included lithology,sedimentary environment,the maximum single-layer thickness,cumulative thickness,sandy content and the difference of displacement pressure between reservoir and caprock,were evaluated with weight to comprehensively evaluate the sealing ability of mudstone caprock.The results revealed that the comprehensive quality of caprock in Meishan Formation changed regularly;the characteristics were low in the north depression and high in the central uplift belt and central depression;the sealing ability of mudstone caprock for the littoral facies sandbody developed around the northern uplift belt and turbidite sandbody developed around central depression was strong in Sanya Formation.


Objective: To conduct a comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis Jodantipyrin drugs and Human immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) for emergency prevention of tick-borne encephalitis in a health care system of the Russian Federation. Methodology: The study is an analysis of costs, cost-effectiveness and budget impact and consists of a single line of therapy. Results: Cost analysis shows that in the case of the health budget Jodantipyrin costs associated with treatment of established TBE 2.2 times lower than that of the Immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis, and the costs of the use of means of emergency prevention Jodantipyrin - at 11,3 times less.


We show multi-gigabit/s wireless links based on millimeter-wave photonic techniques. Wireless data transmission at 2.5 Gbit/s was achieved by using a high-power 120 GHz photonic emitter. The wireless link has been successfully applied to the optical Gigabit/s Ethernet.


English In reaction to shortcomings with usual methods of measuring attitudes – mostly the five-point rating method – this paper presents the hybrid rating method as a novel approach to measuring attitudes. The hybrid rating method is characterised by its open ended design in which respondents create their own rating scale to fit their individual style. In this approach the central assumption was that respondents could express their attitudes better and the method therefore provides more and better information. The method is described in detail and procedures for scoring are presented. A comparison between the hybrid method and the five-point method, using an independent measure two-sample design (α = .05; β = .1), highlights the aspects: Information quantity, information quality, and pragmatic value. In both conditions 40 respondents answered the NEO-PI-R with either the five-point method or the hybrid method and rated the process in an additional questionnaire. Analysis showed that the hybrid method yielded more information than the five-point method (t = 2.823, p = 0.003) while potentially allowing additional information to be gathered from the individuals rating style. Psychometric quality was found to be close to identical between the two methods (both methods show an average Cronbach's α of .88) and respondents rated the two methods similarly. The method was observed to be more demanding, both in time and effort, and therefore is restricted in its application. Criticism towards the method and this study as well as further implications are discussed.


Beamlet transform has obvious effect in extraction of linear and curvilinear features.The seismic coherence slice can be regarded as an image in three-dimensional seismic interpretation.Beamlet transform can identify and extract linear and curvilinear features in the slice.This paper describes the basic principles of the beamlet transform as well as its advantage in linear feature extraction of the noise-containing image.The authors used the beamlet transform to guide the fault interpretation of seismic slice data obtained in Yuanba area of Sichuan.The results show that the method has obvious advantages in interpretation of small faults and fissures.


The continual emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases has led to a pressing need for the development of swift and targeted therapeutic interventions. SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is a prime example of such a rapidly spreading virus[1]. The global crisis caused by this virus has propelled researchers to explore and adopt novel techniques in the hopes of effectively combating its spread[2]. One such innovative approach is the use of aptamers—single-stranded RNA molecules that can bind targets with high specificity.


In Indonesia, rice was still an essential commodity. Aside from being a staple food producer of rice, as well as a primary source of livelihood for farmers. The problem often experienced by farmers was the threat of pest attack and cause massive losses; it could even lead to crop failures and harm the farmers. During this time to suppress the attacks of pest, farmers give pesticides which if it handles inappropriate would interfere with health. The best solution was to make detection system of pest attacks so could minimise the pest aggression. The limited knowledge and skills of farmers in the detection of rice crops made farmers prefer to spray pesticides. To facilitate farmers in detecting pest attacks, developed Android-based applications that were simple and easy to use device directly in the field using smartphone devices and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Method. Farmers could use the application by taking pictures of rice plants that allegedly exposed to attacks with smartphones. The app would recommend alternative solutions to pest-infected plants without the use of pesticides.


Mixed forest of Chinese fir and Schima was studied.The results showed,proportion between Chinese fir and Schima is 2∶1 with inter-row mixed.So that,their relationship were coordinated between them.Nourishment space might be utilized fully.Productivity and quality of stands and economic effect were increased.Mixed forest of Chinese fire and Schima were suggested that would planted further at suitable sets conditions region.


BACKGROUND
Salvage chemotherapy using carboplatin (C), paclitaxel (P), and bevacizumab (BEV) for patients with pre-treated, advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not yet been reported.

PATIENT AND METHODS
Medical records of patients with non-squamous NSCLC who received CP plus BEV between November 2009 and September 2011 and experienced progression after at least one platinum-based-chemotherapy regimen, were examined in this retrospective study.

RESULTS
Twenty-one patients were eligible for this study. The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range, 2 to 9). The median number of cycles of CP with BEV was 4 (range, 1 to 6). Seven patients underwent BEV maintenance therapy, and the median number of cycles of BEV maintenance was 8 (range, 2 to 13). Toxicity levels were acceptable. The overall median survival time was not reached and one-year survival rate was 54.95%. The overall progression-free survival was 6.1 months (95% confidence interval, 4.4-9.3 months).

CONCLUSION
CP with BEV was effective and feasible as a salvage chemotherapy after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy for patients with non-squamous NSCLC.


Poly(D,L-lactide), PDLLA, is a polymer with potential applications in medical, environmental, and pharmaceutical areas. Despite its versatility, the hydrophobicity limits its applications. To overcome this problem, one strategy is the preparation of blends with hydrophilic polymers such as poly(vinylpyrrolidone), PVP. In this study, we report the preparation and characterization of blends based on PDLLA and PVP and the biodegradation studies by the Sturm test. It was observed that the components of the blends PDLLA/PVP are thermodynamically immiscible, however the biodegradation is faster than that of pure PDLLA.


The main objective of the study is to examine dimensions of service failures in the hospital industry. It is also the intention of the study to see if there is a specific pattern of complaint behavior in Indonesian context. The primary study was conducted in four cities in Bengkulu province, Southwest Sumatra, Indonesia. The number of questionnaires distributed in the survey was 350 and 300 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were employed to the dataset. The result of the analysis reveals that service failure constructs can be categorized into six underlying dimensions: medical reliability errors, physical evidences errors, poor information, medical treatment errors, costly service, and complaint handling failures. The study also indicates that hospital patients can be clustered into three segments, namely core service patients, complainers, and salient patients. Service failure dimensions and the clusters found can be used by hospitals in Indonesia to improve their service process and delivery. The study found a specific pattern of complaint behavior in the hospital industry.


For the high complicated surface of 3-D integral impeller,the UG NX which has strong surface modeling function is used,in the modeling module,resorting to the comprehensive utilize of curves and surfaces in the form of BSC and BBC to get the model of 3-D integral impeller.Comparing with the classic method of impeller designing,this method make sure that we can get a high precision model and also avoid the error of impeller in manufacture or surplus in casting,all the procession of this shortened the design period of products seriously and reduced production costs of centrifugal compressor.


The popularity of quality management as a system for continuous improvement has not been accompanied by deep theoretical understanding of its effects on process innovation. In this work, the resource-based view serves as the basis for the construction of a model designed to explain the effects of quality management practices (QMP) on process innovation performance and the mediating role of dynamic capabilities in this relationship. The empirical data were analysed using the structural equation modelling technique by examining 6 competing models that represent full, partial mediation and non-mediation relationships on a sample of 550 Spanish industrial companies. The findings indicate that the implementation level of QMP is not directly related to process innovation performance, but learning and technological capabilities fully mediate this relationship. Therefore, QMP needs to enhance and develop dynamic capabilities to effectively achieve the improvement and transformation of a firm's processes.


The preceding papers of this series have demonstrated (1) that there is a progressive increase of average Dp‐age in the subdivisions of Compositae which can be correlated with geological age as determined from other data (Small and Johnston, 1937); (2) that these Dp‐ages, when placed on a time‐scale of years, follow a peculiar exponential curve, called the BAT curve (Small, 1937, Q.E. II); (3) that the measure of age in years which is given by the BAT curve can be used successfully for the Grasses (Small, 1937, Q.E. III).


The invention relates to a method for examining a magnetic support panel (22) in a rotational speed sensor (5), which is set up a bias (57) of a magnetoresistive transducer (14) to weaken in a hard axis of the magnetoresistive transducer (14), wherein the is magnetoresistive sensor (14) arranged to its electrical resistance (20) to change in response to a rotating itself in the direction of its easy axis with a speed to be detected (6) encoder wheel (13), comprising: - applying a magnetic test field (29) to the magnetic support panel (22), and - examining the applied magnetic support panel (22) based on a comparison of an electrical resistance (20) of the magnetoresistive transducer dependent (14) output signal (31) and a a fault (38, 39) for the magnetic support box (22) described predetermined condition (38, 39).


An optical Omega network with optical exchange-switch of four functions for the digital optical switch network is presented. The principle of the optical implementation of exchange-switch with four functions and Omega network by liquid crystal spatial light modulator are described in detail. The optical system and experiment results are given.


Chinese calligraphy emerged in the Wei-Jin period.The Jin Dynasty established the court academician of calligraphy and handwriting became a must for scholarly and political success.As a result,the art of calligraphy gained significant growth and graphers gradually developed the good habit of using correct Chinese characters consciously,which further promoted the sense of standardization.Since the Tang Dynasty,imperial examinations had been closely linked to calligraphy norms,with emperors and officials of different dynasties setting a good example for the rest of society.At present,we pay more attention to the grapheme and pronunciation of Chinese characters rather than the handwriting.Therefore,it is suggested that we should learn some advantages from the ancient China and promote the standardization of Chinese calligraphy.


Due to the high cost and low energy efficiency of the dedicated radio frequency (RF) chains, the number of RF chains in a millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is usually limited from a practical point of view. In this case, the maximum number of independent data streams is also restricted by the number of RF chains, which consequently leads to limiting the potentially attainable spatial multiplexing gain. In order to address this issue, in this paper, a novel generalized spatial modulation (GenSM) aided mmWave MIMO system is proposed, which enables the transmission of an extra data stream via the index of the active antennas group and requires no extra RF chain. Moreover, a two-step algorithm is also proposed to optimize the hybrid precoder design with respect to spectral efficiency (SE) maximization. Finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the superior SE performance achieved by the proposed scheme.


Approximate energies for {ital excited} states of two- and three-body systems (with confining power law potentials) are obtained by a naive application of the variational method. The error in the excited state energies is similar to the error for ground state energies, less than 1%. The asymptotic form of the energy is obtained directly by semiclassical arguments: the form is correct but the leading coefficient has a small error. A classical variational principle, for the expectation value of the Hamiltonian, for periodic motion with constant action, is also discussed. Variational estimates are used to confirm and extend a negative result on nucleon resonances due to Hogaasen and Richard.