degree of surprise amongst various groups of readers, and most of all amongst those who are acquainted with Dr Nicholson's work on 11 Palaeontology," published some five years ago. The present manual appears to consist of an extension of the section devoted to " Historical Palaeontology " in the previous volume ; and according to the most natural of developmental laws?operating within a limited period after the origin of the former work?as might be expected, a very close similarity exists between the two books. The woodcuts which appeared in the Palaeontology, supplemented by several new figures, are used in the illustration of the work before us; and in the descriptions of the various extinct fauna, the author in many cases repeats much of his former writing. The work is, as we learn from the preface, principally intended for the use of geological students; the author, however, stating " that the method of treatment adopted has been so far untechnical as not to


Depression has been one of the serious social problems of the modern society, due to the prolonged economic stagnation, the increasing number of unemployment rate, and so on. Diseases that require long-term treatments, such as cancer and chronic diseases, are also the major cause of depression, and, eventually, that often leads the patients to committing suicide. Such circumstance requires some urgent means to prevent depression, especially of those who are suffering diseases. In this study, to propose one of the tools for preventing depression or to detect depression at its early stage of suffering, we analyze 200 blog articles to set-up an "evaluation index" that is capable of measuring the tendency of depression from written texts of the long-term patients. Firstly, we collect and analyze blog articles written by the patients who are suffering depression, as well as the articles written by those who are not suffering depression as a comparison. From the analysis, we propose an index for depression measurement. With this index, secondly, we make an analysis on the articles that are posted on a special SNS, which is particularly available for long-term patients. It comes out that posting articles on SNS for more than 12 months may mitigate depression (or depressive symptoms). This outcome suggests the possibility of SNS posting against depression for the long-term patients.


Pickar et al1reported the superior efficacy of clozapine over fluphenazine and placebo in eight (38%) of 21 neuroleptic treatment—resistant or —intolerant schizophrenic patients. They noted that this was consistent with the 30% clozapine superiority in the neuroleptic nonresponders reported by Kane et al.2 The superior clozapine response of the patients of Pickar et al was associated with a relatively low ratio of concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homovanillic acid (HVA) to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (CSF HVA-5-HIAA ratio) compared with the CSF HVA-5H1AA ratio in patients having an equivalent or superior response to fluphenazine. They found that a low CSF HVA—5-HIAA ratio at any of three time points—(1) placebo washout, (2) during fluphenazine therapy, and/or (3) during clozapine therapy—was associated with superior clozapine efficacy. We also have been prospectively studying the same problem. Ten patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia received lumbar punctures in a medication-free


This article is an attempt to examine the disputes from three meetings held in order to initiate a general Yugoslav retrospective bibliography. The conferences took places in Belgrade, Zagreb and Ljubljana during 1955. The investigation focused on criteria how to choose materials for the general Croatian retrospective bibliography of books.
Differences between the participants of the meeting, in author's opinion, come from the various interpretations of Yugoslavism. The idea of Yugoslavism is here considered as an ideological substratum, which could support the political and cultural unity of Yugoslavia. Disagreements are mainly the result of a conflict between the unitary and the federal options of Yugoslavism in culture. The status of a national bibliography within the multinational federal state represents the main problem. On the political level, the problem is seen as an unsolved national question, which, in the general opinion, led to the break-up of the state of Yugoslavia.
We pay special attention to the views of Mr. Matko Rojnic, who at that time was the editor of the Croatian retrospective bibliography, and who defended the traditional Croatian bibliographic criteria: Croatian author, Croatian language, and actual Croatian territory. His opinion has been described as national federalism, which, in the case of a retrospective bibliography of Croatia, as a Yugoslav federal unit, demands criteria that are equivalent to those of the retrospective bibliographies of independent countries.


This column marks the first in a series dealing with networked access to online public access catalogs (OPACs). Networked and remote access can take many forms. A local user can access a local OPAC through a local campus network. A local user can access remote OPACs using the local OPAC as a gateway. Remote users can access the local OPAC through external networks such as the Internet.


The campaign by a partnership of North Yorkshire, City of York and Harrogate councils, together with Metro, for the electrification of the ...


Many numerical studies have considered the dynamics of capsules and red blood cells in shear flow under the condition that the axis of revolution of such bodies remained aligned in the shear plane. In contrast, several experimental studies have shown that the axis of revolution of red blood cells could drift away from the shear plane in a certain range of controlling parameters. In this article, we present three-dimensional numerical simulations on the orientation dynamics of capsules in simple shear flow with different initial undeformed shapes, namely, prolate, oblate, and biconcave disk. It is observed that unlike rigid ellipsoids in Stokes flow, capsules reorient their axis of revolution either towards the vorticity axis while undergoing a precessing motion or towards the shear plane while undergoing a kayaking-type motion. The specific dynamics are observed to depend on initial shape, capillary number, and the ratio of the internal to external fluid viscosity. Near the physiological values of the vis...


What is language? In this chapter, we, like children, seek "… the discovery of the place of human language in the universe." (Hockett 1977, 163) It is impossible to study the acquisition of language scientifically unless we address the question, "what is language?," i.e., "what is acquired?" (2.1 and 2.2). We sketch an overview of the linguistic computation children must acquire when they acquire a language, laying down a number of fundamental concepts and terms (2.3). We sketch the basic design of human language knowledge and the basic architecture of the human Language Faculty (2.4). We provide a framework for investigation into the nature of language acquisition. These foundations allow us to form the "essential questions of language acquisition" (2.5). Attempting to define language Language is first and foremost symbolic . Sounds, words and sentences represent and capture an infinity of possible meanings and intentions. We can produce, understand and think of an infinity of possible statements, questions, commands or exclamations. These may concern the future, the past, what has occurred and what has not, what is possible or impossible. Through language, we can tell the truth or lie, regret or hope. We can deploy an infinity of demands, requests, contradictions, ranging from poetry to propaganda. The next sentence we say or understand is almost certainly going to be one we have never heard or said before, suggesting that this symbolic capacity of language is in a real sense limitless.


Polymerization approaches for several new types of modified acrylic emulsion are summarized.Compared with the unmodified acrylic emulsion,the modified ones show better performance.The development status of modified styrene-acrylic emulsion is discussed.


Between 2011 and 2014 a multinational team of academics and researchers collaborated on a research project funded by the European Commission under the Framework 7 Programme: Mapping the Population, Careers, Mobilities and Impacts of Advanced Research Degree Graduates in the Social Sciences and Humanities (POCARIM).
One aim of the project was to further our understanding of the role of networks in the careers of social science and humanities (SSH) researchers: how they are formed, how they are sustained or fall out of use, how they link researchers across disciplinary, sectoral and national boundaries, and what impacts they have on careers.
In this policy report we present the project's key findings on the nature of networking in the careers of SSH researchers. Our findings are based on original work carried out in each of the POCARIM countries and which includes: a review of the literature, policy and existing data, as well as original empirical survey and interview research. In the conclusion we draw out the implications of our findings for policymakers.


The purposes of this study were to inquire the status of academic integrity of the student in mentorship program at a science gifted institute attached to university and to seek the teaching plan of academic integrity. We administered questionnaire to 51 students who passed the enterance exam of mentorship program at the science gifted institute in 2013. The questionnaire consisted of three topics, 1) using reference, 2) purchasing, deputizing & plagiarizing of homework, 3) cooperative learning. As results of survey, students have a ethic in the following order: `purchasing, deputizing & plagiarizing of homework`, `using reference`, and `cooperative learning`. Especially, the lack of conscious about `cooperative learning` turned out to be a problem, because students have to research by cooperative learning during mentorship program. And there was no significant correlation between each topic. Finally, there was no correlation between ethical knowledge and degree of practicing it.


The regularization method has recently been an efficient approach to make the process of image denoising well-posed,while preserving image textures and details become more intractable. This paper focused on directional texture preserving image denoising problem gives a directional texture preserving total variation regularization based model. Furthermore,we analyze and demonstrate some equivalent properties of the directional total variation,and give the majorization minimization algorithm based on iteratively constructing surrogate functionals and B-spline difference filters. Numerical experiments show that the new method can achieve better result in removing the noise,restraining staircase effect and preserving directional texture.


In this paper, we propose an approach for the magnetic and thermal modeling of an encapsulated busbars system, in three-phase execution, for high voltage using QuickField software. The paper proposes a numerical model developed by coupling of the magnetic field problem with the stationary and transient heat field problems for the geometry of a three-phase execution busbars system with common shield. The coupling of problems is realized by importing specific losses from the magnetic field problem as heat sources for thermal field problem. The magnetic field problem is also coupled to the electrical circuit. The electrodynamic forces that occur between conductors in the presence of the ferromagnetic shield have different values compared to those that occur in an unshielded system. In the model it was taken into account the variation of electrical conductivity with the temperature. The global heat transfer coefficient by convection and radiation used in thermal model was estimated using the power losses computed by magnetic model. When evaluating the global heat transfer coefficient was taken into account the temperature dependence of the physical properties of the air. There is a good agreement between numerical and analytical temperature values. The presented model can be used for analysis, design and optimization of three-phase busbars system with common shield.


The ductility of the high strength RC concrete beam would diminish significantly if the CFRP is attached to the bottom of the beam.Thus,in order to improve the whole performance of beams strengthened by CFRP,different anchorage methods at beam ends and mid-span are applied to the flexure strengthened beams;and then the mechanical characteristics achieved by four-point bending static loading test are compared.Study shows that U-shaped end anchorages can change the failure mode of flexure strengthened beams;also enhance the flexure capacity,ductility and the utilization ratio of reinforcing CFRP.The U-shaped end anchorages,together with fully CFRP-wrapped mid-span anchorages,could further improve the ductility of test beams,notably increase the utilization ratio of reinforcing CFRP,and balance the proportion of deformability and flexure capacity at a fixed safety reservation.Moreover,they also could decrease the occurrence of sheet's stripping and sliding after reinforcing FRP fractures.Therefore,the load capacity and ductility could recover,while the CFRP fully wrapping at the mid-span can bring about confined concrete effect,improving the ductility of concrete.Consequently,the U-shaped end anchorages,along with fully CFRP-wrapped mid-span anchorages,belong to the rational anchorage method with enough safety reservation.


Keywords: Electricity markets ; General equilibrium model (CGE) ; Electricity systems model (TIMES) ; soft coupling Note: BFE-Vertrags- und Projektnummer: SI/500632 Reference EPFL-REPORT-215037 URL: http://www.bfe.admin.ch/dokumentation/energieforschung/index.html?lang=de&publication=11290 Record created on 2016-01-15, modified on 2016-08-09


As society is dependent on digital world, the threat continues to rapidly increase. Every year new mechanism against cyber security threats is introduced. At same time the cybercriminals additionally create new techniques to beat these efforts. One in every of the vital security issue is with disclosure of password file. To tune up this issue the concept of honeywords i.e. false password is introduced. We tend to show a straightforward methodology for raising the protection of hashed passwords: the upkeep of additional "honeywords" (false passwords) related to every user's account. An adversary who steals a file of hashed passwords and inverts the hash function cannot tell if he has found the password or a honeyword. The tried use of a honeyword for login sets off an alarm. An auxiliary server (the "honeychecker") will distinguish the user password from honeywords for the login routine, and will set off an alarm if a honeyword is submitted.


The feeding methods, activities and behaviour of red-billed and yellow-billed oxpeckers in captivity were compared. Both species were found to be very similar with regard to feeding. The differences observed were a greater dependence on ectoparasites such as flies and larger ticks (Amblyomma hebraeum) and a higher food intake for the yellow-billed oxpecker. These differences are the result of the larger size, limited choice of host animals and closer host/oxpecker relationship of the yellow-billed oxpecker.


The experiment was conducted in commercial Nagpur mandarin orchards during year 2015-16 covering 70 orchards in 12 location/villages of Sausar tehsil. In each orchard of Nagpur Mandarin 20 trees were randomly selected for visual observations. In recent years number of problems was observed in citrus growing area of Madhya Pradesh specially the decline of plants after the age of 7-8 year, citrus canker, sooty mould etc. In order to study the problem and try to find out their solution a Technology Mission on Citrus for Chhindwara distt. of Madhya Pradesh has been started since May 2011 at Zonal Agriculture Research Station, JNKVV, Chhindwara. Successful control of Gummosis and other disease of citrus are possible which has been demonstrated with positive result in Nagpur Mandarin Diseases.


Policymakers have focused considerable attention on alternative ways of eliminating Social Security's 75-year financing gap, but lost in the debate is the fact that even under current law Social Security will provide less retirement income relative to previous earnings than it does today. Combine the already legislated reductions with potential cuts due to closing the financing gap, and Social Security may no longer be the mainstay of the retirement system for many people. Recognizing the declining role of Social Security is important because future retirees will need to find alternative income sources as they age. Today, the frequently quoted replacement rate for the "medium earner" who retires at age 65 is 41 percent; that is, Social Security benefits are equal to 41 percent of the individual's previous earnings. Under current law, three factors will reduce this replacement rate: 1) the extension of the normal retirement age; 2) the increase in Medicare Part B premiums; and 3) the taxation of Social Security benefits. The following section considers the impact of each of these developments.


A facile approach for the synthesis of enantiopure γ-amino nitriles by copper-catalyzed aminocyanation of arylcyclopropanes is disclosed, which undergoes the highly enantioselective ring-opening reaction of cyclopropanes. The strategy utilizes N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide as nucleophilic nitrogen source as well as oxidant and trimethylsilyl cyanide as the other nucleophile, and it probably operates via a key radical cation intermediate. This reaction provides an efficient platform for asymmetric 1,3-difunctionalization of cyclopropanes.


Distributed case-based reasoning can be applied to enhance performance of conventional CBR based real time applications. The conventional CBR are is suitable for single agent having single case base approach designed with purpose of real time problem solving. Unfortunately this approach seems as failure due to privacy and scalability factors. These factors are concerned with access to the centralized case repository and the impracticability of accessing the centralized case base consisting huge amounts of data. These two issues are being successfully resolved with help of the distributed CBR approach. This approach provides the numerous supplementary benefits in applying this approach instead of the conventional case-based reasoning approach. The distributed case-based reasoning is not limited to single case based having limited knowledge along with improved efficiency due to its distributed nature. This approach is more efficient in making the decisions in the MAS based SCM. If there exist efficient decision taking mechanism in the MAS based SCM system, then this system may be capable to tackle the bullwhip effect properly.


Hemolytic anemias are a group of diseases characterized by a reduction in red blood cells (RBC) life span mainly caused by a deregulation in the hemoglobin formation. Among these diseases, Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Beta Thalassemia (Thal) are the most common disorders involved in the premature destruction of RBC. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the outcome of these diseases as well as the metabolic pathways surrounding its onset constitutes a very useful approach to target treatment strategies for such diseases. In this chapter we will discuss the state-of-the-art aspects about this theme highlighting the importance of several point mutations in hemolytic anemia using  thalassemia and sickle cell disease as examples. In addition, the molecular aspects involved in the Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH), also an important disorder caused by point mutations and deletions, and its association with the severity of Thal and SCD will be also discussed. In this context lies the manifestation of better prognostic to patients having an increase in fetal hemoglobin and SCD or Thal concomitantly. Therefore a parallel discussion towards the advances currently described in the literature and associations of gene expression and different drugs that increase the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) are pointed out as a mechanism to improve the quality of life of SCD and Thal patients.


INTRODUCTION During recent explorations off the Mediterranean coast of Israel several specimens of Stenopus spinosus were collected. When studying this material it was thought to be of interest to compare the Israel specimens with those that had been reported from the Red Sea. Although Stenopus spinosus has repeatedly been reported from the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, there is only a single record of the species from the Red Sea (Balss, 1914). Due to the kindness of Dr. G. Pretzmann of the Vienna Museum it was made possible for us to examine these Red Sea specimens. These proved not to be Stenopus spinosus but to belong to the poorly known Engystenopus spinulatus. In the first part of the present paper the Israel Stenopus material is dealt with, in the second part a description of the Red Sea specimens of Engystenopus is provided. I. Stenopus spinosus, a species new to the eastern Mediterranean During 1977 a scientific investigation of the benthic fauna of the Mediterranean south of Tel-Aviv, Israel, sponsored by the Zoological Institute of the University of Tel-Aviv, was carried out by the first author (Ch. L.), ably assisted by Mrs. B. Galil of the Institute. Eleven stations at depths between 20 and 8o m were regularly sampled. One of the interesting finds here was that of Stenopus spinosus. Stenopus spinosus Risso, 1827 Material examined. — Off Palmahim, south of Tel-Aviv; Sta. 1, 31°56'N 34°з6'Е, 35 m deep; 3 May 1977, 1 juvenile, NS 16328. Off Palmahim; Sta. 2, 3i°5o'N 34o35' E, 50 m; 30 June 1977, ι $, NS 16323.


The thermal decomposition behavior of Ti(O-iPr) 2 (DPM) 2 has been studied using thermogravimetry and infrared and mass spectroscopy. Particularly, dissociation of the chemical bonds in the complex ligand have been monitored from the IR spectra of the complex while the sample was heated. Ti(O-iPr) 2 (DPM) 2 is relatively stable, shows no weight loss at 150°C. and degrades only slightly after storage for a year. The thermogravimetric pattern of the complex is unaffected by ambient gases. The chemical bonds in the complex ligand dissociate sequentially at elevated temperatures. The C-C(CH 3 ) 3 bond dissociates most easily, then the C-O bond and the C-C bond. The O-Ti-O bond is stable up to the gasification temperature of the complex. Removal of the bulky tert-butyl group from the ligand and dissociation of the C-O bond to allow the ligand ring to open reduce the steric hindrance by the ligands, which eventually leads to the oligomerization of the complex. The complex oligomerizes at 110°C as confirmed by mass spectroscopy.


The evolution of next generation networking middleware (NGNM) yields to the provision of personalized next-generation active services, each one with different traffic characteristics and networking requirements for security, billing, QoS (Quality of Service), mobility, etc. in an efficient and economical usage of network resources. The introduction and well establishment of the active services concept, which will be services capable of dynamically adapting themselves to various underlying networking environment conditions according to the instructions of NGNM and the requirements posed by the end user, constitutes the major goal of this paper. In order to avoid proprietary and custom implementation solutions, an initial and generic active services reference architecture that can be followed by potential active services developers is presented. Finally, an implemented prototype that follows the proposed reference architecture provides a first quick validation of the discussed active service concept.


1. Improvements in writing and framing: The paper could be substantially improved by better highlighting and framing the novelty of this work. The abstract does not highlight novelty; tell the reader more simply what the 2-3 most important points of the work are. The introduction seems to wander and needs to have several sentences pointing back to why this work is needed. I suggest adding a guiding statement to the paragraph beginning on line 24. Something like "The consistency of snowpack distributions across vegetation and topographic gradients is difficult to measure and predict". Just a thought, but something is needed to help lead the reader more clearly through the introduction.


Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) plays an important role in TGF-β induced liver fibrogenesis. Hepatic stellate cells and bile duct epithelial cells were recognized as its cellular source in liver. Here, we demonstrate induction of CTGF expression in hepatocytes of damaged liver and identify a molecular mechanism responsible. Strong CTGF expression was found in bile duct epithelial cells, hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes in fibrotic liver tissue from patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Similarly, CTGF expression was induced in hepatocytes of CCl4 treated FVB mice. CTGF expression and secretion was detected spontaneously in medium of hepatocytes after 3 days of culture and was enhanced by stimulation with TGF-β. TGF-β-induced CTGF expression was mediated through the ALK5/Smad3 pathway, while ALK1 activitation antagonised this effect. CTGF expression in liver tissue of TGF-β transgenic mice correlated with serum TGF-β levels. Smad7 overexpression in cultured hepatocytes abrogated TGF-β-dependent and intrinsic CTGF expression. In line with these data, hepatocyte specific Smad7 expression reduced CTGF expression in CCl4 treated transgenic mice, whereas mice bearing a disrupted Smad7 gene displayed enhanced expression. Furthermore, IFN-g treatment of patients with chronic HBV infection induced Smad7 expression in hepatocytes leading to decreased CTGF expression and fibrogenesis. In conclusion, our data provide strong in vitro and in vivo evidence for pro-fibrogenic activity of TGF-β directed to hepatocytes mediated via upregulation of CTGF. Further, we identify ALK5 dependent Smad3 signaling as responsible pathway inducing CTGF expression, which can be interfered by an activated ALK1 pathway and completely inhibited by TGF-β antagonist Smad7.


The electric load prediction is invaluable in the daily operations of a power utility because electricity is a resource that can not store.In this paper,we try to find the high precision prediction for real-time prediction.Considering that e-support vector regression(e-SVR)has great ability for temporal predictions in problems involving non-linearity and is easy to implement,this paper presents an application with improvement in the accuracy and real-time electric load prediction by employing e-support vector regression.In order to train the support vector regression model,training data have been extracted from the time series with preprocessed technology.Furthermore,the support vector regression takes inputs from phase space of training time series to predict the next upcoming electric load in real time.To show the applicability and superiority of the presented algorithm,half-hourly electric load data in New South Wales for 3 days were collected to train and test the algorithm.


This article describes an assignment that enabled students to undertake a design-and-build project. The educational facility, Tech Futures Lab, acted as client for which an interior was designed and fabricated using rapid learning process. In architectural design, 3D modelling software is becoming more readily available in fabrication activities. If the software used dictates the design, it can lead to the oversimplification of a rational, well thought-out design process. This article describes how students created 'iterative prototypes', and how this experience facilitated abilities to translate virtual designs into real-world constructs. Using a hybrid of digital and conventional making methods, the paper describes a modern studio, where students can actively participate in how making and design are taught.


Allergens have the ability to enter the body and cause illness. Leukotriene is the widespread allergen which could stimulate mast cells to discharge histamine which causes allergy symptoms. An effective strategy for treating leukotriene-induced allergy is to find the inhibitors of leukotriene or histamine activity from phytochemicals. For this purpose, a library of 8,500 phytochemicals was generated using MOE software. The structures of histamine-1 receptor and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 were predicted by the homology modeling method through the SWISS model. The phytochemicals were docked with predicted structures of histamine-1 and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 in MOE software to determine the binding affinity of the phytochemicals against the targets. Moreover, chemoinformatics properties and ADMET of phytochemicals were assessed to find the drug likeness behavior of compounds. Compound ID 10054216 has the lowest

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 -score value for H-1 receptor that is -18.9186 kcal/mol which is lower than the value of standard -15.167 kcal/mol. The other compounds 393471, 71448939, 10722577, and 442614 also showed good

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 -score values than the standard. Moreover, compound ID 11843082 has the lowest

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 -score value for CL1R that is -15.481 kcal/mol which is lower than the value of standard -12.453 kcal/mol. The other compounds 72284, 5282102, 66559251, and 102506430 also showed good

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 -score values than the standard. In this research article, we performed molecular docking to find the best inhibitors against H1R and CL1R and their antiallergic efficacy. This in silico knowledge will be helpful in near future for the design of novel, safe, and less costing H-1 receptor and CL1R inhibitors with the aim to improve human life quality.


In this paper we study a pair of unied and extended fractional integral operator involving the multivariable Aleph-function, Aleph-function and general class of polynomials. During this study, we establish ve theorems pertaining to Mellin transforms of these operators. Furthers, some properties of these operators have also been investigated. On account of the general nature of the functions involved herein, a large number of (known and new) fractional integral operators involved simpler functions can also be obtained . We will quote the particular case concerning the multivariable I-function dened by Sharma and Ahmad [20] and the I-function of one variable dened by Saxena [13].


The regional election in Lampung province has finished. The events left the amount of ex-campaign props such as banner to become waste. The final landfills and the waste reuse system are still an unsolved issue in Lampung province. A study of materials composition is required to find potential reuse of the waste. One of the traditional products in Lampung province is conventional bricks. Previous studies show that mixing local clay with additional materials such as Rice Husk Ash (RHA) could improve its characteristics, especially water absorption potentiality. This study reported the prototype of bricks with banners waste mix produced employing a conventional method. The method obtains the best admixture composition is 0.002 kilograms banner waste/volume 0.125 liters or 0.02% total weight of clay-dough. The morphology of the prototype shows a similar texture with a non-waste mixture of traditional brick. It is burnt-clay red-bricks, which is used as a control in this study. The prototype bricks show smooth texture and nearly flat on all sides. The addition waste composition ratio of more than 0.002 kilograms indicated cracking texture that affects the market tend to buy bricks, which has good appearance and texture. This study also reported that the mixture's effect is decreasing compressive strength, almost 20% from the control sample.


To investigate thermal environment and effect of clean-road system over a broad way, we conducted the filed meteorological observation during 12~13 August 2014. The clean-road system was employed over a part of the broad way of Dalgubul(Dalgubul-Daero) by Daegu Metropolitan city in 2011. The clean – road system in general is operated two times(4 am, 2 pm) during summertime. In case of scorching alert, the system is operated 3 times a day(4 am, 2 pm and 4 pm). To evaluate the present thermal condition and the improvement effects due to the system, we analyzed the time variation of discomfort index and WBGT(wet-bulb and globe temperature). WBGT was more than 25 during 8 a.m. ~ 9 p.m. And discomfort index was more than 75 during 8 a.m. ~ 11 p.m. The thermal improvement effect of the clean-road system was restrictive during daytime.


Objective To search for method to prevent the blood vessel and nerve complications after limb lengthening and shorten the duration of hospitalization.Methods From 1991 to 1997,38 cases (aged 8 14years) with lower limb shortening deformity underwent a modified Ilizarov method by"7"shape osteotomy at the epiphysis of lower segment of femur or the upper part of tibia. Results The limb of all cases was lengthened 3~ 8.5?cm with an average of 6.4cm( 2~3?cm lengthening at operation) . The mean hospitalization was 34.5 days .The follow up results showed that 19 cases got normal gait and 18 had stable knee joint movements. Conclusions The modified Ilizarov method has the adventages of short period of hospitalization and less postoperative complications. It is advisable to treat lower limb shortening deformity in children.


We describe CASP11 de novo blind structure predictions made using the Rosetta structure prediction methodology with both automatic and human assisted protocols. Model accuracy was generally improved using co-evolution derived residue-residue contact information as restraints during Rosetta conformational sampling and refinement, particularly when the number of sequences in the family was more than three times the length of the protein. The highlight was the human assisted prediction of T0806, a large and topologically complex target with no homologs of known structure, which had unprecedented accuracy -<3.0 Å root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) from the crystal structure over 223 residues. For this target, we increased the amount of conformational sampling over our fully automated method by employing an iterative hybridization protocol. Our results clearly demonstrate, in a blind prediction scenario, that coevolution derived contacts can considerably increase the accuracy of template-free structure modeling. Page 2 of 29 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


If only the L values Ro through RL_1 are required, then it can be seen by comparing (15) and (11) that the new algorithm will require fewer multiplications than the FFT method if L < 11.2 (1 + log2 N) (16a) and will require fewer additions if L < 5.6 (1 + log2 N). (16b) Therefore, we conclude that the new algorithm will generally be more efficient than the FFT method if N < 128 (17a) or L < 10(1 + log2 N). (17b) CONCLUSION A new algorithm for computing the correlation of a block of sampled data has been presented. It is a direct method which trades an increased number of additions for a decreased number of multiplications. For applications where the "cost" (e.g., the time) of a multiplication is greater than that of an addition, the new algorithm is always more com-putationally efficient than direct evaluation of the correlation, and it is generally more efficient than FFT methods for processing 128 or fewer data points, or for calculating only the first L "lags" for L < 10 log2 2N. REFERENCES [1] S. Winograd, "A new algorithm for inner product," IEEE Trans.


TiO 2 is a semiconductor material that widely applied in various fields due to its superiority both in terms of physical and chemical properties. In this study, the TiO 2 nanoparticles was synthesized using sol-gel method. The synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles was started by reacted TiCl 3 with aquades and titrated with ammonium hydroxide and then followed by calcination process at 600 0 C for 1.5 hours. The structural characteristics were investigated using XRD. The fungsional groups of the TiO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR. The optical properties of the TiO 2 nanoparticles were determined using UV-Vis spectrometer. The morphology of the sample was characterized using SEM. The results show that the TiO 2 has structure as anatase phase. The data analysis using the Scherrer's equation show that the particle crystallite size of is about of 9.77 nm. The energy band gap value of the TiO 2 is 3.28 eV. Based on the SEM image, the agglomeration of the sample was formed with the average diameter of particle size of TiO 2 is about 92 nm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um024v3i12018p008


The present report documents the theoretical study of the electronic transitions in a xanthene derivative, 14-phenyl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene. The orbitals contributing to the electronic transition are studied. The scope of the work in bring about tailor-made properties has been discussed.


Over 300 local people turned out in force on Sunday 20 March at the Sainsbury's Sport Relief Mile in Harrogate. Runner of all ages were sponsored to ...


The [001]-oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbTiO3(PMN-0.25PT) single crystal has been poled by alternating current polarization (ACP). The piezoelectric, dielectric, and electromechanical properties of PMN-0.25PT crystals were investigated with the variations of the electric field, polarization frequency, and cycles. For the piezoelectric performance of the PMN-0.25PT crystal, the optimum ACP condition was obtained under the electric field of 12–18 kV/cm in the frequency range of 20–40 Hz and after 20 cycles. It gives the crystals an increase by 40% from 1220 pC/N to 1730 pC/N in the piezoelectric coefficient compared with traditional direct current polarization. The patterns of the periodic stripe nanodomains under different polarization conditions were revealed by piezoresponse force microscopy. The enhancement of the piezoelectric performance is attributed to the high density of these domain walls. This work indicates that ACP is an effective way to modify the piezoelectric performance of PMN-0.25PT crystals and make it a promising candidate for sensors and transducers.


The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose accounts for the deterioration of paper in library books and other written records. To combat this threat to our written heritage, new permanent papers have been developed that are relatively chemically stable and undergo a very slow rate of deterioration. Many of these new papers are manufactured from mechanical pulps that contain large amounts of lignin, and are stable when a calcium carbonate buffer is present. Based on the performance involving accelerated aging of the papers, the inclusion of lignin has been accepted in the standards for permanent paper by Canada and Germany, providing that a calcium carbonate buffer is present. Other countries are still reluctant to make the change in standards to include lignin. Research needs to be done to define optical properties and their requirements for the standards. The applications of the chemistry of paper preservation to teaching are also discussed.


Prosthetic crowns are made in accordance with the principles of clinical procedures while taking into account
the rules of endurance, biocompatibility, and aesthetics. Depending on the biomaterial and manufacturing
technology, crown frameworks are veneered with an appropriate set of ceramics with selected thermal
expansion. The veneering layers responsible for tribological cooperation in occlusal contact should properly
adhere to the framework. The aim of the research is to conduct the microscopic and EDS chemical analysis
to evaluate the process of shaping veneering layers on frameworks produced using new digital technologies,
i.e. the technology of milling and laser sintering. The research material consists of specimens produced in
perpendicular cross-sections through the layered structures of metal-ceramic, ceramic-veneered glassceramic,
and zirconium crowns. The microscopic examinations were carried out using the specimens and
included the elemental EDS analysis performed on the surfaces and in certain points. The structures of metal
and ceramic frameworks, ceramic veneering layers, and adhesive zones were determined.


Allows the Secretary of Defense to provide military personnel and equipment to the Drug Enforcement Administration, the U.S. Customs Service, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Federal Aviation Administration for the detection and interdiction of unlawfully transported controlled substances.


PCR primer was designed according to WSSV-VP39 nucleotide sequence from GenBank. After PCR reaction and electrophoresis analysis, a specific 898bp DNA band was amplified and cloned into vector of pGAPZα-A. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the sequence amplified was 100 % identity with the sequence of GeneBank(GenBank No.AA l89161)of WSSV-VP39. Predicted protein from nucleotide sequence of WSSV-VP39 had no notable transmembrane region, but contained much PKC-PHOSPHO-SITE, CK2-PHOSPHO-SITE, SULFATION -SITE. BLAST protein results showed that WSSV-VP39 had high homology with WSSV-VP37. The function of WSSV-VP39 in the course of WSSV infection claims attention.


The present paper is an attempt in the direction of explaining rules of conversion of sentences from direct to indirect speech of English Grammar b y the applications of matrix algebra and fuzzy logic.


Introduction:
 We have described previously an arrhythmic mechanism in nonischemic heart failure (HF) involving an increased mitochondrial Ca
 2+
 uptake that results in QT prolongation and lethal arrhythmias during cardiomyopathy. This arrhythmic mechanism is associated with mitochondrial Ca
 2+
 uniporter (MCU) tyrosine phosphorylation (p-Tyr).

 Hypothesis:
 Here, we determined which kinase was responsible for MCU phosphorylation in ischemic cardiomyopathy.

 Methods:
 Ischemic HF was induced in wild type FVB/NJ mice for three weeks by ligated left anterior descending coronary artery. Western blot, immunoprecipitation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and patch-clamp techniques were employed in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes.

 Results:
 When compared to sham hearts, the protein level of p-Src increased significantly in ischemic HF mouse hearts. In a heterologous expression system, c-Src could bind MCU and tyrosine phosphorylate MCU. This phosphorylation was blocked by a c-Src inhibitor, PP1. Overexpression of constitutive active c-Src (Src-Y527F) significantly increased MCU inward current at -160 mV. Downregulation of C-terminal Src kinase (CSK), a regulatory kinase inversely related to c-Src activity, increased p-Src, enhanced mitochondrial and SR contact, and facilitated mitochondrial Ca
 2+
 uptake in ischemic HF mouse cardiomyocytes. Protein expression of CaMKII, PyK2, and p-PyK2 did not change during ischemic HF. MI activated c-Src by S-nitrosylation of caveolin-1 with subsequent release of the kinase. c-Src activation was associated with APD prolongation and arrhythmia following myocardial infarction in mice. Human heart tissue showed that ischemic HF patients had significantly increased p-Src associated with increased QTc prolongation and arrhythmia.

 Conclusions:
 During ischemic HF, c-Src activation directly increased MCU current that contributed to QT prolongation and arrhythmic risk in ischemic cardiomyopathy.


Lifestyle of modern society results in rising need for electric energy. On the other hand, reduction of pollution and increase of energy efficiency leads to integration of renewable energy sources. Dynamic and unpredictable loads make the power system operation a challenging task, which results in lower security margins and large power system blackouts. Therefore, power utilities are collaborating with experts from industry and researchers from academia on development of technical solutions and concepts that should support secure and economical power system operation. Regarding the power system protection, instead of focusing on only the faulted element, the power system is considered as a whole, which brings us to variety of System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS). The paper investigates application of the synchronized measurement technology for development of the SIPS. Simulation of the test power system is performed in the Siemens PSS/E. Among further improvement of the proposed solution and development of new schemes, the model has educational value, as it will be used as part of laboratory exercises at The University of Rijeka, Faculty of Engineering, in order to educate future generations of engineers about emerging technologies.


The effect of gas adjacent to the sample surface on the photo‐acoustic displacement (PAD) measurement was studied by using an extremely sensitive laser interferometric probe with a sensitivity of 0.1 picometers. For silicon, the PAD signal measured at atmospheric pressure increased about 18% as compared to the signal obtained in vacuum, and varied by less than 0.7% for a change in pressure of 5% around 1 atm. It is shown, by a simple theoretical model, that the variation of the PAD is caused by a change in refractive index of the gas and the real PAD can be accurately obtained by correcting this effect.


Shot peening and roller-burnishing were performed on various titanium alloys belonging to the a-, (a+@and palloy classes. For both treatments, the main process parameters, i.e., Almen intensity and rolling force were varied to a wide extent and the process-induced changes in surface layer properties, e.g., surface topography and hardness profiles were evaluated. The fatigue performance of the a-, (a+@and ptitanium alloys can be significantly improved by both shot peening and roller-burnishing. However, most marked improvements were found on a-alloys followed by (a+@and palloys. The dzflerent response of the various alloy classes to mechanical surface treatments is interpreted in terms of the cyclic deformation behavior affecting the cyclic stability of the process-induced residual compressive stresses.


Abstract The productivity of staging grounds for waterfowl and the reasons for the productivity were investigated using th. 1996–1997 country-wide survey data. 29 waterfowl staging grounds were grouped into 8 ecological types basing on trophical level, origin and distance from the Baltic Sea coast. The productivity of waterfowl staging grounds was proved to be due to a complex of different factors, ecological (water depth, submerged plants, bottom invertebrates, etc.) and geographical (distance from the Baltic sea coast) ones being the main. Ecological factors dominate over geographical ones, though the significance of the former depends upon species-specific diet and feeding habits, while the geographical factor is important to nearly all the species. Differently from other waterfowl species, for the geese feeding on the land it is the productivity of feeding habitats neighbouring wetlands and the size of seasonally flooded areas that are of the highest significance. Currently existing waterfowl staging ...


Musa balbisiana Peels (MBP) contains high levels of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. Flavonoids function to slow down the inflammatory process by inhibiting the arachidonic acid, forming prostaglandins, and releasing histamine. This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of MBP decoction. This study used the Winter method for anti-inflammatory assay by induction of carrageenan on the soles of rat's feet and Sigmund's method for analgesic assay with intraperitoneal induction of acetic acid in mice. Group I as a negative control, group II as a positive control with diclofenac sodium, group III as a low dose (200 mg/kg BW of MBP), group IV as a medium dose (400 mg/kg BW of MBP), and group V as a high dose (800 mg/kg BW of MBP decoction). The percentage of inhibition in the anti-inflammatory test in rats for groups II, III, IV, and V was 34.43%, 17.68%, 25.53%, and 25.4%, and the percentage of effectiveness for the anti-inflammatory test, respectively, was 51.35%, 74.15%, and 74.01%. The results of the percentage inhibition of the analgesic test in mice for groups II, III, IV, and V were 55.25%, 38.52%, 44.53%, and 49.31%, and the percentage of effectiveness for the analgesic test, respectively, followed by 69.71%, 80.59%, and 89.24%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the decoction of the MBP has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.


A method of friction stir welding two aluminum 5083 plates 1, 1 '(specified by JIS H 4000). A pin or probe 11, fitted to the tip of a rotating tool 10, is inserted between the edges of the two plates 1, 1' and moved, while rotating, in the longitudinal direction. By this, friction heat is generated between the two plates 1, 1' and the rotary tool 10, to weld the plates 1, 1' together. The rotary tool 10 is formed with a wide shoulder 12 and a cylindrically shaped pin 11. The pin or probe has no threaded grooves, i.e. a smooth curved surface. The aluminum plates 1, 1' have a thickness of 5.0mm. The rotary tool shoulder diameter 12 is 15mm and the probe has a rotational speed of 600rpm. The value of the ((moving or translational speed of the rotary tool (mm/min))/ (rotational speed of the rotary tool (rpm)) is in the range 0.05 to 0.20 (inclusive), i.e. the translational speed of the rotary tool is between 30 to 120mm/min.


Sea bass (Lates calcarifer) were exposed to seawater containing 0, 30, 50, or 80 mg L−1 NO2-N for 4 days, and changes in metabolite levels and enzyme activities were assessed. Distinct signs of osmoregulatory dysfunction were evident in nitrite-exposed fish as serum Na+ and Cl− levels were elevated and branchial Na+-K+-ATPase activity was significantly reduced. Serum lactate and protein levels were significantly elevated and lowered respectively only at the highest nitrite level (80 mg L−1 NO2-N). Significantly increased serum ammonia and urea and decreased serum glucose and liver glycogen levels were evident also at lower nitrite levels. Liver water, liver protein and lactate, brain and muscle lactate, and muscle water content were unaffected. In the liver, significant decreases were observed for the activities of glycogen phosphorylase a, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, but the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were unaffected. While ATP, ADP, and AMP levels were all lowered in nitrite-exposed fish, the adenylate energy charge was maintained at fairly constant level. By producing ammonia via the degradation of AMP to IMP, stabilization of the adenylate energy charge can be achieved. It is postulated that this event probably represents an adaptive strategy employed by the sea bass to counteract nitrite toxicity. ©1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol Water Qual 12: 257–264, 1997


Increasing demands of low emissions and low fuel consumption of modern spark ignition combustion engines require new ways for an optimal control of the ignition timing. Instead of classical open-loop strategies cylinder pressure sensors are used for an adaptive control of the ignition point. A linear feedback controller is designed as well as an online adaptive neural feedforward controller, the latter is trained during regular operation, i.e. no test cycles are required. The control algorithms were implemented and tested in a research automobile. Experimental results showed that the proposed neural network is very effective in learning the engine's nonlinearities and in compensating for manufacturing tolerances and aging. The designed adaptive feedforward control improves efficiency and fuel consumption.


Wireless spectrum environment is complex and uncertain in practical scenarios. For spectrum resource management, there are two crucial challenges to be resolved. First, channel states are always time-varying, thus violent fluctuations of interference links bring difficulties to interference mitigation. Second, the optimization efficiency degrades when jointly considering frequency coordination and power adaption. In this paper, we focus on the interference-aware resource management in a dynamic radio environment. First, we propose a new metric named effective weighted aggregate interference to capture the fluctuations of time-varying interference links. Then, we investigate the joint channel selection and power assignment problem from the perspective of game theoretic, and propose a novel mechanism called action freezing to significantly improve the optimization efficiency. Furthermore, we develop a higher-order statistic optimization based multi-agent strategic learning (HSOMSL) algorithm to alleviate the effect of fluctuating payoffs and obtain stable solutions. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm has lower experienced interference, higher achievable throughput, and better energy efficiency compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, it is verified to be effective in mobile scenarios.


Accurate, rapid, and automatic local climate zone (LCZ) mapping is essential for urban climatology and studies in terms of urban heat islands. Remotely sensed imageries incorporated with machine learning algorithms are widely utilized in LCZ labeling. Nevertheless, large-scale LCZ mapping is still challenging due to the complex vertical structure of underlying urban surfaces. This study proposed a new method of LCZ labeling that uses a random forest classifier and multi-source remotely sensed data, including Sentinel 1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Sentinel 2 Multispectral Instrument, and Luojia1-01 night-time light data. In particular, leaf-on and -off imageries and surface thermal dynamics were utilized to enhance LCZ labeling. Additionally, we systematically evaluated how daytime and night-time features influence the performance of the classification procedure. Upon examination, the results for Beijing, China, were confirmed to be robust and refined; the Overall Accuracy (OA) value of the proposed method was 88.86%. The accuracy of LCZs 1–9 was considerably increased when using the land surface temperature feature. Among these, the Producer Accuracy (PA) value of LCZ 3 (compact low-rise) significantly increased by 16.10%. Notably, it was found that NTL largely contributed to the classification concerning LCZ 3 (compact low-rise) and LCZ A/B (dense trees). The performance of integrating leaf-on and -off imageries for LCZ labeling was better than merely uses of leaf-on or -off imageries (the OA value increased by 4.75% compared with the single use of leaf-on imagery and by 3.62% with that of leaf-off imagery). Future studies that use social media big data and Very-High-Resolution imageries are required for LCZ mapping. This study shows that combining multispectral, SAR, and night-time light data can improve the performance of the random forest classifier in general, as these data sources capture significant information about surface roughness, surface thermal feature, and night-time features. Moreover, it is found that incorporating both leaf-on and leaf-off remotely sensed imageries can improve LCZ mapping.


A new real-time measuring system is developed to visualize the blood flow map of the human retina using dynamic laser speckle effects and a hardware logic circuit. The retina is illuminated with a diode laser spot through a retinal camera, and the speckle field at the image plane of the spot is scanned by an area sensor. The output signal is analog-to-digital (AID) converted and the blur rate of the intensity at each pixel point is evaluated through a hardware logic circuit specially devel- oped for this system. The results are displayed in 2-D color maps suc- cessively at a rate of 16 frames/s, which allows the real-time observation of retinal blood flow.


The authors studied the wild vegetation of the Beishenshu and Gaoantun Sanitary Landfill in Beijing,found that there were 25 wild herbages.Green bristlegrass was dominant species,and fat hen and cockspur grass were subdominant species.On the early days of planting vegetation,we advise that the sanitary landfills introduce green bristlegrass,fat hen and cockspur grass at the same time of sodding.On the latter days,they can plant some good shrubberies to hold the soil of the slope.


This research was conducted in Serangan island in August, 2004. Ten plots as sampling units were taken using Systematic Plot Design. Two parameters : Importance Value and Diversity Indices were determined on vegetation analyses. Samples were taken from three different locations. Soil analysis was conducted for determining macro elements content, such as: N, P, K and others organic maters. The result shows that there are 13 species of mangrove found. Five species are classified into 'pure' mangrove and others are associate. Rhizophora apiculata (with Important Value, IV, of 103.252 %) and Sonneratia alba (IV 99.663 %) are two species that have high importance value (IV). In addition, the diversity of mangrove in Serangan island is found to be low (diversity indices 0.791). Results of this study indicate that after reclamation, the mangrove ecosystem in Serangan is in unstable conditions.


The invention relates to a printing unit of a web-fed printing machine with several printing units (11, 12, 13, 14), each printing unit (11, 12, 13, 14) comprises a transfer cylinder (15), an inking unit and, optionally, a dampening unit. According to the invention each printing unit (11, 12, 13, 14) comprises at least two forme cylinders (17, 18) having forme cylinders Hein unit (16), wherein when a plate cylinder in the printing operation (17) of a forme cylinder unit (16) to the transfer cylinder (15) is the respective printing unit (11, 12, 13, 14) employed, the or each other form cylinder (18) of the respective form cylinder Hein unit (16) from the transfer cylinder (15) of the respective printing unit (11, 12, 13, 14) is turned off.


Inverter controlled rotary compressor is taken as a study object. During 'run-up' a series of compressor noise are measured to determine the behavior of the structure and to determine the rotational speed, and the compressor noise at each operating speed is measured. Also modal analysis results show that the noise is caused by the resonance mode existing in the accumulator pipe. Based on the results of the noise experiment and modal analysis, a design change of the inner attachment of the accumulator using the dynamics modification theory has been done, and the undesired resonance mode is removed. Noise experiment of a compressor with the improved accumulator is performed, and not only a reduction of 5dB(A) in the noise of the compressor, but also a sound reduction of 15dB(A) in the resonance mode of former accumulator has been confirmed.


The value of red-yellow jadeites is very different depending on whether they have been processed with heat treatment.With an increasing demand for red-yellow jadeites,it has been a key as well as difficult issue to distinguish whether the jadeites are experienced heat treatments or not.In this paper,the heat treatment experiments are carried out on the red-yellow jadeites,and the infrared spectra of the jadeites before and after heat treatment are also compared.The results show that different spectral characteristics,i.e.,the variation of intensity for four absorption peaks due to the hydroxyl structure of jadeite:(1) obvious changes appear at 3000-4000cm-1 from U structure before heat treatment to V structure after heat treatment;(2) small changes appear at 3622-3628cm-1 or 3670cm-1.These features could be used as the assistant diagnostic index to determine whether the jadeites have been heat treated or not.


Objective:To explore the prevention of the bedsore by using triangle pillow.Method:The triangle pillow was made according to the body mechanics principle.When the patients changed the posture.The triangle pillow was put under the shoulder,sacrococcyx and knee of the patient,so patient was lain on the side with forty-five to sixty degrees.Result:The pressed skin of 850 patients who used the triangle pillow show no injury.Conclusion:The use of tniangle pillow can prevent the bedsore.


The Operational Data Aggregation Platform (PADO) is an innovative technical solution that integrates modern ICT techniques with advanced hardware architecture based on a modular design. Its task is to integrate data from many different observational systems of the Border Guard (BG). The basic function of PADO is to increase the safety and effectiveness of BG activities effectively. The article discusses the proposed solutions for the construction of hardware architecture for the PADO platform, which enable the integration of data obtained from various systems and devices used in BG tactics. The system must ensure high reliability of work in severe propagation conditions, ICT performance in the area of information through a variety of communication channels mutually cooperating and low latency. One of the critical aspects of the system is the ability to modify the hardware layer through the implementation of modular construction and solutions based on modern standards and technologies.


Inspite of wide range of exploration towards the mitigation techniques for malicious nodes in past few years, the effective solutions for addressing the behavioral pattern of malicious nodes are still largely unfound. One of the most challenging dynamics related to this issue is an effective visualization of malicious nodes in the considered simulation techniques. As the malicious nodes will never adopt any strategies which has fairer chances of getting detected, hence, they will perform much confusive behavior based on which it is almost difficult to identify whether it is regular node or malicious node. The current paper accentuates the potentials of game theory considering multi-attacker collusion as the new enhancement that can effectively represent the various unpredictable actions of node cooperation, node declination, node attacks, as well as node reporting that can model the tactical profiling of various mobile nodes.


Steroidal saponin: (1β,3β,5β,25S)-spirostan-1,3-diol1-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranoside] (RCE-4) is the most abundant and bioactive members in Reineckia carnea, has been reported to possess antiinflammatory activity, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The present aim was to study expression of inflammatory cytokines, on the basis of this investigation, the possible mechanism of RCE-4 was elucidated. In the present study, we found that the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7cells significantly increased compared to control (P<0.01, respectively). After pretreatment with RCE-4, the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels significantly decreased compared with the LPS group (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). Further studies indicated that RCE-4 significantly suppressed Akt phosphorylation and NF-қB activation, and with the dose of RCE-4 increasing; their improvement became more and more strong. Our results showed that RCE-4 inhibited LPS-stimiulated TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 productions through the blockage of PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB activation. Our findings might provide a molecular basis for the ability of RCE-4 serving as a promising candidate for treating various inflammatory diseases.


The aim of this paper is to design a slide mode control based on a PD Surface obtained from a PD controller. A PD Slide mode control was considered for taking off and landing an unnamed aerial vehicle. This proposal is intended to offer a certain degree of robustness to the controller against system disturbances and uncertainties of parameters. In addition is presented a robustness and performance analysis for tracking and regulation.


A monolithic soliton transmitter is fabricated using the PPro-II process in the InGaAsP material system by integrating an electro-absorption modulator with an extended-cavity laser. The laser cavity comprises a 700-/spl mu/m-long active region, which consists of 6 strain-compensated multiple quantum wells, a 8100-/spl mu/m-long passive buried-rib waveguide section, and a Bragg reflector with a length of 250 /spl mu/m. Mode-locking of the laser section results in 8-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 4.9 GHz. The time-bandwidth product is 0.30. Using the partially reflecting grating as one of the laser mirrors allows for integration of an electro-absorption modulator as a monolithic but extra-cavity data encoder. The modulator is fabricated by growing a 2000 A thick 1.46-/spl mu/m quaternary layer on top of the waveguiding layers. At a 4.9-Gb/s data rate, an extinction ratio of 20 dB is measured at a signal wavelength of 1565.4 nm. >


The aim of this paper is to test for the existence of a wage curve for the Spanish economy between 1994 and 1996. The results confirm the negative relation between the level of nominal wages and the unemployment rate in local labor markets. We also analyse whether there is a relation between the local unemployment rate and wage changes, as the Phillips curve describes, with disaggregated data, introducing the lagged dependent variable into the specification and check the value of its coefficient. The results do not permit us to affirm that there is evidence of a Phillips curve relation. JEL Classification: J31, J60, J69.


Sheepfold is the important place for the sheep growth and ropagation, its internal environment parameters on the growth of sheep is essential, therefore, to the sheep with a suitable growth and reproduction of the living environment, is our science and one of the key research. The northern cold region sheepfold of sheep breeding fluff construction insulation materials are analyzed and discussed, and the actual construction provides suggestions for sheepfold.


The revolution of 1989 in Eastern Europe and their aftermath have led to a growing concern about whether modern states are losing their capacities for governance, and whether national-level processes are ceding their primacy to global ones. Believing capital is becoming more mobile and has no national attachments, national politics and political choices are considered to have been sidelined by the global market forces while transnational corporations are perceived as the key players in defining not only economic, but also social and political agendas. Hence, national-level governance is regarded as ineffective in coping with challenges generated from globalizing economic and social processes (Horsman & Marshall, 1994). The rise of "the borderless world economy," "global politics," and "global civil society" seems to suggest the sovereignty of the state and the capacities of any government are being eroded (Garrett, 2000; Woods, 2000). Against the wider political economy context discussed above, hyper-globalists such as Ohmae and Reich even believe nation states have become the local authorities of the global system (Ohmae, 1990, 1993; Reich, 1992). Without the capacity in riding over the competing and even contradictory economic, social, and political demands resulting from growing globalization challenges, nation states are reduced to becoming "municipalities within states ... to provide the infrastructure and public goods that


In this paper, it is shown that for any close orientable $3$-manifold with positive simplicial volume, the growth of the Seifert volume of its finite covers is faster than the linear rate. In particular, each closed orientable $3$-manifold with positive simplicial volume has virtually positive Seifert volume. The result reveals certain fundamental difference between the representation volume of the hyperbolic type and the Seifert type. The proof is based on developments and reactions of the previous work of third author on virtual domination of $3$-manifolds and the previous work of the other authors on virtual representation volumes.


The results of analyzing『Shanghanlun-Shanghan examples』of Song Dynasty Text and Liuwansu's writings in the pursuit of comprehending his views written in『Fire-Heat』 & 『Warm disease』-are as follow. 1.He introduced Exterior-Interior Shanghan and Latent in the Winter & recurrent in the Spring Shanghan concept in the Febrile disease pathology as the link and the bifurcation point. His perception on Febrile disease encompassed Shanghan and Febrile disease on the same plane but actually discriminated in the treatment and medication between the two actually. 2.He suggested Febrile disease pathology in the concept of Shanghan and Febrile disease, which is coherent in the formation of interior heat as the result of the invasion of the lung by warm pathogen described in Warm disease Wei, Qi, Ying and Xue Fen Syndrome differentiation . He expanded the concept of esoteric portal 玄府 of『Suwon Tiaojinglun』,to that of the omni-present portal & way of Qi's all directions movement, which is in accordance of invasion of upper energizer 上焦 by warm or hot pathogen via mouth and nose as used in Warm disease three-energizer differentiation. 3.He recognized both exterior-interior febrile disease in the context of both exteriorinterior contact cause disease. He prescribed pungent-cool exterior releasing medicinal similar to that of exterior-releasing treatment adopted in warm disease. As lily-talc powder百合散 introduced in 『Golden chamber synopsis』dispells heat by promoting excretion of urine and defecation, it is regarded as the original formula of later ikwonsan yiyuansan 益元散.


The purpose of this study was to obtain pig fibroblast cells that transferred Mx1 gene.Total RNA was extracted from pig fibroblast cells that induced with IFN and the cDNA encoding pig Mx1 protein was cloned using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The Mx1 gene was subcloned into pMSCV-IRES-GFP vector and then the recombinant plasmids were transferred into Luchuan pig fibroblast cells by the method of Lipofectaming 2000.The results showed that Mx1 gene had been integrated into the genome of Luchuan pig fibroblast cells based on the analysis of fluoroscopy and PCR identification.


The utility model belongs to a tool for windowing in the well sleeve pipe. An upper connector is arranged on the upper end of a body, a voltage regulating assembly, a cylinder sleeve assembly, a piston assembly, a spring, and a honeycomb pipe assembly are fixed in a seal cavity among the voltage regulating assembly, the cylinder sleeve assembly, the piston assembly, the spring, and the honeycomb pipe assembly, a blade assembly is connected with the body through a shaft pin, and the body of the lower end of each blade is welded with a wiper block which is connected with the windowing position of the lower end of a drilling string. When the drilling fluid flows across the tool, three blades are pushed to extend outward and used to cut a sleeve pipe, and the sleeve pipe is cut off. The three blades spread, other three blades simultaneously spread, and meanwhile, the blades mill downward the sleeve pipe. After the cutting and milling course completes, a pump stops and the blades retract, the tool is taken off ground, and the cutting course ends.


Summary

1
Corridors provide important structural connectivity in habitats that have been fragmented by human activities, but more empirical work is needed to identify the attributes of effective corridor design under a broad range of ecological conditions.

2
We tested the efficacy with which murid rodents in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada, used crossing structures constructed across the Trans-Canada Highway. We studied the effects of size, vegetative cover at entrances, and distance from home ranges as determinants of crossing structure use with potential relevance to other corridor types.

3
We translocated animals across underpasses and overpasses, coated them with fluorescent dye, released them at standardized distances, and followed them to obtain detailed information on two scale-dependent movement parameters, return success and tortuosity (or complexity) of movement paths, as well as a scale-independent metric of movement, the fractal dimension.

4
Translocated animals returned with higher success across smaller crossing structures than across larger ones, perhaps because these structures afforded more overhead cover from predators.

5
Adding overhead cover to crossing structure entrances further improved return success and correlated with more tortuous movement of translocated animals.

6
Animals translocated further (60 m) from crossing structures returned with lower success than those translocated closer to them (20 and 40 m). Among the three species studied (deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus, meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus and red-backed voles Clethrionomys gapperi), deer mice had significantly higher return success at 60 m, perhaps owing to their larger home range sizes and willingness to cross the road directly.

7
Synthesis and applications. Ideal crossing structure characteristics will often be species-specific, even within guilds of animals. Our results imply that wildlife corridors, more generally, need to offer sufficient cover and be placed with a frequency that corresponds to the spatial scale over which targeted species move.


Technology integration has begun to stir the education world particularly when COVID-19 hits the world. One of the popular learning modes during this unstable situation is flipped classroom in which class material is sent earlier to students via communication tools like WhatsApp or Telegram and will be discussed more in an online or offline class meeting. However, the implementation of this learning mode still lacks of research in terms of cognitive engagement and academic performance. In light of this issue, this study aims to research deeply the impact of the flipped classroom on students' cognitive engagement and their academic performance in learning English particularly writing descriptive text in an outstanding class program. The subject in this research was 18 students of an outstanding class program in a private school in eastern region of Indonesia. Students learning results, observation and questionnaire were used to gather the data needed and then analyzed quantitatively. The findings showed students' cognitive engagement needs to be encouraged to make them more active and enthusiastic to participate in the learning process. Whilst, the learning result revealed a slight improvement. In conclusion, flipped classroom in an outstanding class program may work well if it is implemented actively by all parties like teachers, students, and parents. We, therefore recommended doing further research on the issue of flipped classroom and learning achievement to enrich the world of education research.


Although many clinicians use a vague, common-sense approach to understanding the effects of social and cultural forces on patient care, there is now available a large and rapidly increasing body of research that provides a technical language and a rigorous analytic framework for making uncommon sense of these common problems.


The host range of certain viruses, such as curly top of sugar beets {IS),^ aster yellows (Ö), and cucumber mosaic (7), includes many different families of plants. It is known that certain viruses—for example, the latent virus of apparently healthy * potatoes (5, 6, 11, 15)—^may be masked in one host but show defiiiite mottling in other hosts and a necrotic effect in still others. The symptoms of a virus may also appear as a mottling on one host and as at chlorosis when the virus is transferred to a different host. For example, Hoggan (4) found that when Johnson's tobacco virus no. 1 was transmitted to Capsicum annuum L. a chlorotic condition without mottling was produced. Rugose mosaic and leaf roll are two of the most important virus diseases of potato {Solanum tvherosum L.) in Oregon. The former occurs in all parts of the St^te, whereas the latter is confined principally to the potato-growing $reas east of the Cascade Mountains. In some sections of the State these diseases are difficult to control by roguing. It seems probable that weeds may serve as hosts of these and other virus diseases of potato and may be a source of infection when growing near potato fields. In the summer of 1929, while inspecting potato fields in central Oregon that showed a largo percentage of leaf roll, the writer Ascovered many plants of nighjtshade OSöicmtim s^ast^^ MiUv). Upoai examination it was found that a number of these plants were infected with a disease resembling Ifeaf roll. Infected plants were subtly dwarfed and their leaves werp rolled, leathery, and chlorotic, whereas healthy plants in the same field were vigorous and had leaves of a normal green color. • A potato field showing about 50 percent rugose mosaic was found in the same section. Many of the plants displayed typical currentseason symptoms of rugose niiosaic, namely, necrosis and dropping of the leaves. Nightshade was likewise abundant in this field, but a thorough examination of several hundred plants did not reveal a single one that showed mottling or necrosis. It was therefore thought that this weed might not bß a host of rugose mosaic; subsequent experiments have indicated, however, that it is.


This study aimed to assess the psychosocial and medical factors that are related to refusal of prosthetic replacement, as well as to give a treatment for such problem. Also the number and distribution of missing teeth in partially edentulous individuals according to Kennedy classification was evaluated, as well as to assess the prevalence of Kennedy classification in partially edentulous patients in rural areas. The study was conducted in Al– Humaidat village that is located at the Tigris river about 25 Km to the northern west of Mosul City. Six hundred and twenty three individuals aged 4–85 years were selected randomly from houses and schools (275 females and 356 males). Clinical examinations were carried out using dental probe, mirror and dental chair. The results were calculated according to special chart depending on Crown–Crisp Experimental Indexes. The results of this study showed that the incidence of tooth loss increases with age group between 26–35 years. Class III Kennedy classification recorded higher percentage (57.14%) compared with Class II, IV and I. It was shown that 63% of patients refused the replacement of their missing teeth, 72.86% of which refused replacement due to psychological reactions. The anxiety score showed a low percentage (28.09%) in comparison with other scores of psychological reactions. Percentage of smoking tobacco was not more than 19.26% of total samples.


The solid phase transformation of MoSi2 in mechanical milling process are studied with ZJM10T miller and X-ray diffractometer( XRD). The results show that the intensity and width of diffraction peak of MoSi2 powder are continuously decreased and increased with the increase of the mechanical milling time, respectively. During the process of milling, the h -MoSi2 phase appears while the strength of milling is high enough, otherwise only the physical changes occur in MoSi2 powder. The amount of h -MoSi2 is gradually increased, and the MoSi2 powder will be transferred into non-crystalline structure with the continuously increasing of the grinding time. The stack sequence of h -MoSi2 is different from the t -MoSi2, and h -MoSi2 can be formed from the crystallite of t -MoSi2 in situation.


The growth of brain metastasis needs appropriate microenvironment,and the change of normal brain microenvironment is the basis for exploring metastasis with MRI.Through the local magnetic field changes and the application of contrast agents for improving the discrepancy of the cerebral tissue,MR can accurately detect brain metastasis in position,number,size,and shape.MR with contrast-enhanced technique is the first choice for screening brain metastasis.The application of all kinds of new MR techniques,sequences and intracellular contrast agents can not only further improve the specificity of detection,but also improve the sensitivity of MRI,which is favorable to formulating reasonable treatment and prolonging the lifetime of the patients.The microenvironment of brain metastasis and advances in the new MR techniques were reviewed in this article.


In this paper, finite‐time state estimation and control problems are considered for high‐speed train systems. First of all, dynamic error systems of the high‐speed trains are modeled as nonlinear systems with time‐varying delays and disturbances. Secondly, finite‐time state estimators and finite‐time controllers are designed for dynamic error systems, a combined finite‐time state feedback structure is obtained. Then based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the finite‐time stability theory, finite‐time bounded conditions of high‐speed train dynamic error systems and estimation error systems are obtained. Finally, the feasibility of designed control method is proved by a example.


China is a long history and culture of 5,000 years of ancient civilization,There are many traditional culture of many of the provinces of the country national characteristics.How can a country's culture and spiritual civilization perfect display,you must go to urban facilities furnishings embodiment and expression.With Chinese characteristics will be representative of the ceramic art form and effective integration of urban public facilities,can convey the spirit of culture while exquisite masterpieces of art in the form of ceramic art to the limit.


Abstract : This paper assesses, from the Soviet perspective, the significance of the concept of surprise and preemption in Soviet nuclear warfare strategy. Four dimensions were examined: (1) Soviet Perceptions pf the Role of Surprise and Preemption; (2) Surprise and the Conventional-Nuclear War Interface; (3) Elements of a Surprise (Preemptive) Nuclear Strike; (4) A Fallback Option: Launch on Warning.


Background: Ischemic Cerebrovascular stroke is one of the largest cause of death and disability. It is usually caused by thrombosis or thromboembolic phenomena. Large platelets are more reactive, produce more prothrombotic factors and aggregate more easily, and can be a major risk factor/indicator for stroke. While the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) has been studied in detail in cases of IHD, very few studies have been done in stroke, and none in India – prompting this study. We aim to determine whether an association exists between MPV and incidence/severity of stroke. Methods: The study was carried out among fifty patients with an acute ischemic stroke. Clinical severity was assessed using Modified Rankin's scale. MPV was measured using an automated analyzer. Fifty controls were recruited and analysed. Results: MPV has got a statistically significant correlation with Ischemic stroke with a p value of < 0.0001. Average MPV in cases was 9.78+1.25 fl vs. controls who average 8.30+1.14 fl. We did not find a statistically significant correlation between clinical severity of stroke and MPV (P = 0.550). Conclusions: This study has shown an elevation of MPV in acute phase of Ischemic stroke. Within this relationship and adjusting for other significant variables in multivariate regression analysis, it can be stated that an increase in MPV is independently associated with stroke. Further research is required into the role of platelet volume in stroke pathology, outcome, and, most importantly, in individuals at risk for stroke.


A known chiral β-diketiminate, [HC{MeCN-(S)-(-)-CHMePh}(MeCNDip)]- (Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) L1, and a new chiral amidinate, [ButC(NAr*){N-(S)-(-)-CHMePh}]- L2 (Ar* = C6H2{C(H)Ph2}2Me-2,6,4) have been utilised in the synthesis of the first examples of enantiopure, dinuclear magnesium(i), [(L1)Mg-Mg(L1)], and magnesium(ii) hydride complexes, [(L2)Mg(μ-H)2Mg(L2)] and [(L2)(THF)Mg(μ-H)2Mg(THF)(L2)]. A related enantiopure β-diketiminato magnesium hydride cluster compound, [(L1)4Mg5H6], has also been synthesised, presumably forming via a partial redistribution of in situ generated [(L1)Mg(μ-H)2Mg(L1)].


After the sample was dissolved with hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide,in hydrochloric acid of 0.05~0.1 mol/L,trivalent iron and diantipyryl methane produced yellow complex. With no masking agent added,iron in copper alloy could be determined by the photometric method.


The main research objective of essay is the encryption in ATMC platform,the theory of RSA encryption scheme,digital signature scheme and secure hash algorithm(SHA).Furthermore,the essay designs an application program in ATMC platform on the theorical basis,which focuses on the weakness of 3DES key management in ATMC platform.Hope the application program will be helpful to manage key efficiently,reduce the security risks in ATM installation inside the banks and guarantee the security of network data.Even in the ATM maintenance in the future,it can also help to import the key,which is efficient to solve the security problem of key.


Sign language recognition (SLR) plays an important role in communication between deaf and hearing society. However, the recognition result is still worse for signer independent recognition. The reason is that there exists large variation between the signs from different subjects. In this paper, weighted hidden markov model (HMM) is proposed to deal with the variation. Unlike traditional HMM, WHMM assigns each sign samples with different weights. For the sign sample with big variation, the sample weight is big accordingly. Furthermore, we utilize Kinect to produce robust sign features to improve recognition rate. Our system is evaluated on one Chinese sign language dataset of 156 isolated sign words. Experimental result shows our proposed method outperforms other methods with a high recognition rate of 94.74%.


The article proves the relevance of specification of the role and place of the National Guard of Ukraine in national security system. Proposed t he analysis of the theoretical and legal foundations of national security. Provided the definition of national security. Considered French and Romanian approach to ensure public safety. Given the conclusions and recommendations for the implementation of international experience.


The catalyst regeneration is still a challenge to make the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) process feasible for sustainable H2 production. NiAl2O4 spinel derived catalysts are highly active and selective for ESR, but they require avoiding irreversible deactivation to ensure their regeneration. Their stability depends on the catalyst structure, and herein we report different Ni/Al2O3-NiAl2O4 catalysts obtained upon reduction of a NiAl2O4 spinel at 700, 750, or 850 °C. The catalysts were tested in ESR reaction-regeneration cycles, with reaction at 600 °C and regeneration by coke combustion at 850 °C followed by reduction at the corresponding temperature. The fresh, spent, and regenerated catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, temperature programmed reduction and oxidation, and scanning electron microscopy. The irreversible deactivation is due to Ni volatilization and catalyst particle fragmentation. These phenomena are prompted by a high filamentous carbon deposition favored by the Al2O3 content in the catalyst. The reduction in the 700–750 °C range is optimum for controlling the Al2O3 content, increasing the NiAl2O4/Al2O3 ratio in the resulting catalyst. These catalysts show a period of partial reversible deactivation by coke with a change in the H2 formation mechanism reaching a pseudo-stable state with a H2 yield of 40% and a reproducible performance in successive reaction-regeneration cycles.


New evidence is emerging on the importance of lean body mass during periods of illness and recovery. The preservation of lean body mass during such periods of intense stress impacts both patient and treatment outcomes. However, data concerning the incidence of sarcopenia among older people during hospitalization are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of sarcopenia in a sample of hospitalized older subjects.


We present prelimiary results from a coordinated spectroscopic campaign in 2011, centered on the d Sco periastron passage in July. Data have mostly been obtained with the FEROS/2.2m at La Silla and ESPaDOnS/CFHT at Mauna Kea echelle instruments. Main results include the absence of tidally induced disturbance to the main s Cephei pulsation mode and the absence of tidally triggered mass-ejection at time of periastron proper. The observed (as far as yet analyzed) variations are compatible with the picture of a disk that is disturbed on its outer radius, with the disturbance propagating inwards after the periastron.


The Police received reports this morning that suggested a man in yellow jacket had been seen near Marne Barracks in the river Swale (25 September ...


BACKGROUND Debate about the level of asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues. The amount of evidence is increasing and study designs have changed over time. We conducted a living systematic review to address three questions: (1) Amongst people who become infected with SARS-CoV-2, what proportion does not experience symptoms at all during their infection? (2) What is the infectiousness of asymptomatic and presymptomatic, compared with symptomatic, SARS-CoV-2 infection? (3) What proportion of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a population is accounted for by people who are asymptomatic or presymptomatic? METHODS AND FINDINGS The protocol was first published on 1 April 2020 and last updated on 18 June 2020. We searched PubMed, Embase, bioRxiv and medRxiv, aggregated in a database of SARS-CoV-2 literature, most recently on 2 February 2021. Studies of people with PCR-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2, which documented symptom status at the beginning and end of follow-up, or mathematical modelling studies were included. Studies restricted to people already diagnosed, of single individuals or families, or without sufficient follow-up were excluded. One reviewer extracted data and a second verified the extraction, with disagreement resolved by discussion or a third reviewer. Risk of bias in empirical studies was assessed with a bespoke checklist and modelling studies with a published checklist. All data syntheses were done using random effects models. Review question (1): We included 94 studies. Heterogeneity was high and we could not reliably estimate values for the proportion of asymptomatic infections overall (interquartile range 13-45%, prediction interval 2-89%), or in studies based on screening of defined populations (interquartile range 18-59%, prediction interval 3-95%). In screening studies at low risk of information bias, the prediction interval was 4-69% (summary proportion 23%, 95% CI 14-35%). In 40 studies based on contact or outbreak investigations, the summary proportion asymptomatic was 18% (95% CI 14-24%, prediction interval 3-64%) and, in studies at low risk of selection bias, 25% (95% CI 18-33%, prediction interval 5-66%). (2) The secondary attack rate in contacts of people with asymptomatic infection compared with symptomatic infection was 0.43 (95% CI 0.05-3.44, 5 studies). (3) In 11 modelling studies fit to data, the proportion of all SARS-CoV-2 transmission from presymptomatic individuals was higher than from asymptomatic individuals. Limitations of the evidence include high heterogeneity in studies that were not designed to measure persistently asymptomatic infection, high risks of selection and information bias, and the absence of studies about variants of concern or in people who have been vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS This review does not provide a summary estimate of the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 across all study designs. In studies based on contact and outbreak investigation, most SARS-CoV-2 infections were not persistently asymptomatic. Summary estimates from meta-analysis may be misleading when variability between studies is extreme. Without prospective longitudinal studies with methods that minimise selection and measurement biases, further updates with the study types included in this living systematic review are unlikely to be able to provide a reliable summary estimate of the proportion of asymptomatic infections caused by wild-type SARS-CoV-2.


Objective: To study the influence of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α on the expression of adhesion molecules and specific markers of rat MSCs, and to study the optimal stimulation of MSCs with inflammatory factors in inducing adhesion molecule expression which promotes migration of MSCs to the ischemic area in liver. Methods: The MSCs stimulated with different concentration of TNF-α were detected for adhesion molecules and stem cells markers on cell surface with the method of flow-cytometry, MSCs which were stimulated with the optimal concentration of TNF-α and labeled with 1, 1-Dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3, 3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine Iodade(DiI)were delivered intravenously to the rats whose liver was injured by ischemia, the liver function of the experimented animals were tested, and liver samples in the ischemic area were obtained, the number of MSCs was counted under a fluorescent microscope. Results: Stimulated with TNF-α, MSC ex-pression of VCAM-1 increased, while that of stem cell markers did not change markedly. Exposed to lower concentration of TNF-α, the adhesion ability of MSCs obviously increased and more MSCs rested in the ischemic areas in the rat liver, compared to the control groups. Conclusions: TNF-α can increase the expression of VCAM-1 on rat MSCs while exert little effect on the stem cell character of MSCs. Suitable concentration of TNF-α can promote MSCs migration to the damaged tissue, which provides rationale for the treatment of liver disease.


When it comes to decision making the most influential components are the quality of the information and the size of the framing effect. In the decisionmaking process the framing effect arises as a set of opinions and expectations of involved subjects. Everyone making a decision has his own preferences and expectations that create his own unique view (frame). These unique views or frames may negatively influence the information sharing in the decision-making processes and therefore the analysis of the framing effect is important. This paper shows how to use Analytic Network Process to do the determination and quantification of the framing effect and it shows the advantages of using this method. The result of this approach will be the set of weights of all viewpoints included into the frames. Values of these weights can serve to analyse the framing effect, because all subjects in the decision-making process will receive the information about the importance of different viewpoints and then they can rearrange their opinions and expectations. It will have positive impact on the overall outcome of the decision-making process too.


A new method was established using COD detector to determine the humic acid in water.This method is very handy and fast and can be finished in process of COD determination.Regression equation is Y=2.65X-2.94,Correlation coefficient is 0.9907,RSD% is 1.36.


Video streaming is an important application of broadband wireless access networks such as IEEE 802.16d,e (fixed and mobile WiMAX) (IEEE 802.16e-2005, 2005; Andrews et al., 2007; Nuaymi, 2007), as it essentially justifies the increased bandwidth compared to 3G systems, which bandwidth capacity will be further expanded in part 'm' of the standard (Ahmandi, 2011, written by Intel's chief technology officer). Broadband wireless access continues to be rolled out in many parts of the world that do not benefit from existing wired infrastructures or cellular networks. In particular, it allows rapid deployment of multimedia services in areas in the world unlikely to benefit from extensions to both 3G such as High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and UMTS such as Long-Term Evolution (Ekstrom et al., 2006). WiMAX is also cost effective in rural and suburban areas in some developed countries (Cicconetti et al., 2008). It is also designed to provide effective transmission at a cell's edge (Kumar, 2008), by allocation to a mobile user of sub-channels with separated frequencies to reduce co-channel interference. Time Division Duplex (TDD) through effective scheduling of time slots increases spectral efficiency, while the small frame size of 5 ms can reduce latency for applications such as video conferencing. The transition to the higher data rates of IEEE 802.16m indicates the competiveness of WiMAX.


Low permeating and porous medium was taken as an object for study, it can be educed from the experiment that the curve of permeability changed with the effective pressure. This result showed that effective pressure was quite obvious when the liquid was moving in low permeating and porous medium. This was because the pore space of low permeating and porous medium was very small. The small change of porosity may have great effect on permeability. Therefore, lowered pressure should not be used in the exploitation of low permeation oil reservoirs.


Three-dimensional (3D) transient electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) of induction machines (IMs) main-tains the highest fidelity by accurately taking into account the 3D effects, such as the stator end windings, rotor cage rings, radial ventilation ducts, stator and/or rotor skewing, etc. It may take a very long computation time for each operating point due to the lengthy numerical transient before the steady state is reached as well as the large number of mesh elements. The problem becomes even more challenging when the detailed noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance of the machine needs to be evaluated, which requires a relatively large number of time steps $(T_{stop}-T_{start})/T_{step}$ and a relatively small time step size $T_{step}$ determined by the range of the electromagnetic force frequency of interest. This paper presents the theoretical analysis of the numerical transient in electromagnetic FEA of IMs based on the complex vector model. The root cause and key parameters in determining the numerical transient settling time are identified. A generalized fast 3D transient electromagnetic FEA for e-NVH analysis of IMs by effectively shortening the prolonged numerical transient, reducing the finite element mesh, and speeding up the steady-state harmonic force data generation is proposed. An NVH case study based on a representative traction IM has been conducted to verify the theoretical analysis and proposed framework.