Literature Review In early childhood, active engagement in play is a child's primary occupation, and sets the foundation for cognitive, motor, emotional and social development (Parham, 2008). Research indicates that children who are homeless often exhibit delayed play skills (Grant 1991), and often face seemingly insurmountable obstacles including developmental delays, behavioral problems, anxiety, and depression (Rafferty & Shinn, 1991). Current literature evidences imaginative play as an effective intervention for promoting social development, playfulness, and cognitive development (Bergen, 2002; Bundy, Luckett, Naughton, Ragen, Singleton, & Spies, 2008; Lindsey & Colwell, 2003; Uren & Stagnatti, 2009), however, limited research exists for the impact of play interventions specifically for children who are homeless. This quantitative study examined the effectiveness of an occupational therapy (OT) imaginative playgroup intervention on increasing the playfulness of preschool aged children experiencing homelessness. Eight preschool aged children were recruited from Family Supportive Housing (FSH) in San Jose, CA between February 2013 through April 2013. Three of these participants completed all eight play sessions. The Test of Playfulness (ToP) was administered preand post-intervention to detect changes in playfulness. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed that no statistical significance was found between the preand post-intervention scores for total playfulness, as well as for the components of extent, intensity, and skill. However, individual examination of each participant's performance indicate improvements. Although not statistically significant, this data still provides preliminary support for the effectiveness of an OTbased imaginative playgroup intervention to facilitate quick, initial changes in levels of playfulness for preschool aged children experiencing homelessness. Methods A quantitative quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was implemented for this study. Four graduate occupational therapy students from San Jose State University led 45-minute imaginative playgroup interventions, twice a week over the course of three months at FSH. A total of eight children attended at least one playgroup, however post data was only obtained on three participants due to attrition. Each child's playfulness was measured by a fifth researcher, who was independent of the interventions, via the ToP. Preand post-intervention scores were obtained for the components of extent, intensity, skill and overall playfulness (Bundy, 2010). Results The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, the nonparametric equivalent of a t-test, was used to determine if a statistically significant difference existed between the preand post-intervention scores. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software at a 95% confidence interval (0.05 level of significance). No statistically significant difference was found between the preand post-intervention scores for total playfulness, as well as for the components of extent, intensity, and skill. Although the statistical analysis supports the null hypothesis, individual examination of each participant's performance preand post-intervention indicate some improvements. Specifically, all three participants improved in all component areas with the exception of one component, intensity, for one participant. Discussion While the statistical analysis supports the null hypothesis, individual examination of each participant's performance prior to and after the intervention reveal some improvements. While these results are only anecdotal, they indicate that playfulness is improving for these children over the course of the intervention. A major limitation of the study was the inability to control for participant attrition. This led to a small sample size, thus making the study prone to a type II error. Another limitation was the inability to account for interactive effects. For example, increased structure and security provided by the shelter may have impacted the participants' level of playfulness. Participants were also simultaneously enrolled at the Voyager Daycare within FSH, which provided services that may have influenced the children's playfulness over the intervention period. Due to the lack of a control group, it was also difficult to ascertain if the observed changes in preand post-intervention scores were due to the efficacy of the imaginative playgroups. Effective imaginative playgroup interventions can be used to increase playfulness in children who are homeless, which may in turn facilitate greater development of social, emotional, cognitive, and motor skills (Cordier, Bundy, Hocking, & Einfeld, 2010; Parham, 2008). This may deter developmental delays and maladaptive behaviors in preschool aged children experiencing homelessness, and may ultimately reduce the need for services later on. These reasons provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of OT-based intervention services to the homeless preschool population. References Bergen, D. (2002). The role of pretend play in children's cognitive development. Early Childhood Research and Practice, 4(1), 2-15. Retrieved from http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n1/bergen.html Bundy, A. C., Luckett, T., Naughton, G. A., Ragen, J., Singleton, E., & Spies, G. (2008). Playful interaction: Occupational therapy for all children on the school playground. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62, 522-527. doi: 10.5014/ajot.62.5.522 Bundy, A. (2010). Manual for the test of playfulness version 4.2. Published instrument. Lidcombe, Australia: University of Sydney. Cordier R., Bundy A., Hocking, C., & Einfeld, S. (2010). Empathy in the play of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. OTJR: Occupation, Participation & Health, 30(3), 122-132. doi: 10.3928/15394492-20090518-02 Grant, R. (1991). The special needs of homeless children: Early intervention at a welfare hotel. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 10(4), 76-91. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA157361055&v=2.1&u=csusj&it=r&p=PP NU&sw=w Lindsey, E. W., & Colwell, M. J. (2003). Preschoolers' emotional competence: links to pretend and physical play. Child Study Journal, 33(1), 39-52. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2003-08913-003 Parham, L. D. (2008). Play and occupational therapy. In L. Parham, & L. Fazio (Eds.), Play in occupational therapy for children (pp. 3-39). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Rafferty, Y., & Shinn, M. (1991). The impact of homelessness on children. American Psychologist, 46(11), 1170-1179. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.46.11.1170 Uren, N., & Stagnitti, K. (2009). Pretend play, social competence and involvement in children aged 5–7 years: The concurrent validity of the child-initiated pretend play assessment. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 56(1), 33-40. doi:10.1111/j.14401630.2008.00761.x


The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the used of Brassica oleracea
var capitata by product as feed of local turkey kept intensively in confinement
housing. Twenty two toms of 8 weeks of age were used in this experiment. Average
body weight were 534,37 ± 32,12g. The treatment of this experiment consisted of
four diets, T0 (basal diet), T1 (basal diet 95% + brassica 5%), T2 (basal diet 90% +
brassica 10%) and T3 (basal diet 85% + brassica 15%). Basal diet composed of
broiler commercial feed, fish meal and corn meal. Basal diet containd 24% crude
protein and 2900 kkal/g Metabolisable Energy. Experimental design used Completly
Randomize Design. Data colected were analized by ANOVA. Result of this
experiment showed that brassica in diet significantly decreased feed consumption,
energy consumption, protein consumption, and increased carrcas persentage (p <
0,05). Body weight, body weight gain, carcas weight, feed convertion, protein
efficiency ratio were not significantly different. Based on this experiment diet
contained 15% brassica (T3) was optimal for growing turkey.
key words : turkey, brassica, performance, protein efficiency.


no evidence of such a risk. Development of lipid-dissolving stanol esters provided an opportunity to enrich various foods (spreads, yogurts, milk, etc.; trade mark Benecol, Raisio Company, Finland) with physiological stanol ester doses (1,5-2,0 g/d). Stanol consumption results in CH and low-density lipoprotein CH level decrease by 10-15%, in addition to low-lipid diet effects, and therefore could be used for prevention and treatment of atherogenic hypercholesterolemia.


Platinum on carbon (Pt/C) catalyst is commercially adopted in fuel cells but it undergoes formidable active-site poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO). In particular, given the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in anion-exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), the issues of Pt poisoning and slow rate would combine mutually, notably worsening the device performances. Here we overcome these challenges through incorporating cobalt (Co) into molybdenum-nickel alloy (MoNi 4 ), termed Co-MoNi 4 , which not only shows superior HOR activity over the Pt/C catalyst in alkali, but more intriguingly exhibits excellent CO tolerance with only small activity decay after 10,000 cycles in the presence of 500 parts per million (ppm) CO. When feeding with CO (250 ppm)/H 2 , the AEMFC assembled by this catalyst yields a peak power density of 394 mW cm -2 , far exceeding the Pt/C catalyst. Experimental and computational studies reveal that weakened CO chemisorption originates from the electron-deficient Ni sites after Co incorporation that suppresses d→CO 2π* back-donation.


The article is devoted to the research of the main streams in Anglo-American historiography concerning German problem in 1945–1949. Two main directions in Anglo-American historical science are identified and characterized. Special attention is paid to the various approaches of historians to the reparation problem, pre-conditions of formation separate West German government, causes and consequences of the first Berlin crisis. In result differences in Great Powers' German politics motives are defined, approaches to estimation of their responsibility for country division are stated, key stages of German question development in the period of 1945–1949 are analyzed.


132 Background: Chinese Americans, the largest Asian subgroup, have high cancer rates. Many are recent immigrants who are economically disadvantaged. Patients often present with advanced illness and poorly controlled pain. Although quality improvement (QI) methodologies, such as rapid-cycle QI, may improve clinical practice and patient outcomes, few QI programs for pain management exist for this population. We aim to 1) test the effectiveness of a rapid-cycle QI intervention to enhance the processes and outcomes of pain management for poor and underserved ethnic Chinese patients; 2) determine whether a rapid-cycle QI intervention for pain can be generalized to other symptoms (fatigue and dyspnea), and 3) identify demographic, cultural, and other barriers and facilitators that are related to intervention uptake.

METHODS
In this ongoing community study, we are developing and testing a rapid-cycle QI model to improve pain among underserved Chinese American cancer patients, and evaluating factors that influence its uptake and sustainability. Ethnic Chinese patients and clinicians from four oncology practices are the intervention targets. The systems-based intervention incorporates repeated "plan-do-study-assess" QI cycles, including: pain screening, follow-up and early treatment for pain, referral, and provider education.

RESULTS
Initial data demonstrates that documentation of pain scores improved from 24-71% of patients overall. In one practice, 37% of 89 patients screened over 45 days had moderate or severe pain; 90% with moderate pain had follow-up appointments within 1 week; 92% with severe pain had immediate clinician attention. Intervention effectiveness will be determined by 2-week longitudinal surveys. The primary outcome is the change in the proportion of patients who achieve adequate and timely pain control after initial presentation.

CONCLUSIONS
Multiple cultural, system-related, and provider challenges to QI implementation are being addressed. Findings will show the importance of QI interventions to reduce pain disparities, the importance of programs that address underserved Chinese Americans, and the relevance of community-based QI programs for long-term changes in clinical pain management.


Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying the binding of DNA to the MutSalpha protein complex. This heterodimeric protein complex, the Msh2/Msh6 complex in humans, is the initial complex that binds mismatched DNA and other DNA defects that occur during replication. This complex has also been shown to bind at least some types of damaged DNA, such as the cross-linked adducts due to the chemotherapeutics cisplatin and carboplatin, or the incorporation of the chemotherapeutic, FdU. As a result of this interest, multiple studies have contrasted the interactions of MutSalpha with its normal mismatched substrate and with the interactions of MutsSalpha with the DNA damaged by chemotherapeutic cisplatin. To complement these studies, we examine the interaction between MutSalpha and the DNA damaged by carboplatin via all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. These simulations provide evidence for subtle changes in the protein–DNA and protein–protein interfaces. The interfaces shifts found are broadly similar to those found in binding with adduct from cis-platin, but have distinct differences. These subtle differences may play a role in the way of the different damages and mismatched DNA are signaled by MutSalpha, and suggest a signaling mechanism for DNA damage that chiefly involves shifts in protein–protein interactions as opposed to changes in protein conformation.


INTRODUCTION: Football is a complex activity, requiring the player's development of various physical, motor and psiquicas.OBJETIVO: analyzing the profile of a physical football team under 18 years of the city of Cacoal - RO.MATERIAIS AND METHODS : the research involved a sample of 23 athletes, which is a choice for convenience. This research is classified as cross-correlation with qualitative-quantitative approach. For data collection tests were used for 12 minutes of COOPER to analyze the aerobic capacity by VO2 max. To check the speed test was used for 50 meters and the body composition was used FORSYTH & Sinningia where it is used for 2 sub-scapular skinfolds and abdominal.RESULTADOS: the variables for analysis of body composition showed the sample mean and standard deviations of weight, height and body fat percentage follows: 71.15 and 7.15, 173.79 and 1.04, 11.3 and 1.2 and mean age 16.5 and sd 2.3. For the variables of physical means and standard deviations of the test 12 minutes, speed and VO2 were 2373.38 and 397.52, 6.77 and 0.44, 41.54 and 12.4. CONCLUSION: it can be conclude that the sample is evaluated with good fitness.


This study provides the first critical history of British developments in phonetic science from 1890 to the beginning of the Second World War. It draws on both published and unpublished documentary evidence, and on original digital analyses of contemporary images, experimental data, and sound recordings. Experimental phonetics had diverse origins embracing medicine, physics and philology. A survey of the nineteenth century background shows that by 1890 significant British contributions in all three fields could have furnished the makings of a native approach to phonetics as an experimental science, but they failed to come together for a variety of bureaucratic, professional and personal reasons. Experimental phonetics—an academic fashion as much as a scientific specialism—was instead imported from Germany and France, and it had little continuity with British antecedents. The study details the earliest British phonetics laboratories, their personnel, equipment, and research programmes, providing the first extensive account of the UCL laboratory, and bringing to light a forgotten 1930s laboratory in Newcastle. The major methods of empirical investigation of the period are scrutinised, rehabilitating long-neglected British origins. The early work of Daniel Jones is extensively re-evaluated, establishing his scientific credentials, and the career of Stephen Jones, the first academic in Britain to earn a salary as an experimental phonetician, receives detailed treatment. New light is thrown on many neglected figures, including W. A. Aikin, E. R. Edwards, John G. McKendrick, and Wilfred Perrett, while a detailed investigation of the work of Sir Richard Paget reveals the astonishing accuracy of his auditory analyses. The study concludes with an account of the career of Robert Curry, the first recognisably modern and professional speech scientist to emerge in Britain.


Abstract Sample size analysis is a key part of the planning phase of any research. So far, however, hardly any literature focuses on sample size analysis methods for two-sample linear rank tests, although these methods have optimal properties for different distributions. This article provides a new sample size analysis method for linear rank tests for location shift alternatives based on score-generating functions. Results show a slightly anti-conservative behavior, no severe risk of an occurring circular argument at small to moderate variances of the population's distribution, and good performance compared to alternate sample size analysis methods for the most well-known linear rank test, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.


A method of improving image fidelity by using observations at multiple frequencies is described. The power and possible limitations of the technique are discussed. Results of narrow frequency range observations with MERLIN and global VLBI are presented. The possible future impact of this technique is considered.


A product casing system is provided to prevent error generation by forming a position setting unit below an air suction unit for containing products continuously manufactured in a crate. A product casing system includes a product feeding unit, a crate feeding unit, a product inputting unit(300), and a sheet feeding unit(400). The product feeding unit is provided with products from production line and feeds the products to the product inputting unit. The crate feeding unit is provided with crates, feeds the crates to the product inputting unit, and includes a position setting unit. The position setting unit controls the crates positioned on a correct position. The product inputting unit is formed at a position where the product feeding unit and the crate feeding unit meet and includes a vacuum suction unit(310) and a transporting plate(330). The vacuum suction unit temporarily holds the crates during transportation of the crates. The transporting plate is formed on the vacuum suction unit and supports the crates during transportation. The sheet feeding unit interposes a sheet between products for protecting the products from water or external impact.


Deploying machine learning applications on edge devices can bring clear benefits such as improved reliability, latency and privacy but it also introduces its own set of challenges. Most works focus on the limited computational resources of edge platforms but this is not the only bottleneck standing in the way of widespread adoption. In this paper we list several other challenges that a Tiny ML practitioner might need to consider when operationalizing an application on edge devices. We focus on tasks such as monitoring and managing the application, common functionality for a MLOps platform, and show how they are complicated by the distributed nature of edge deployment. We also discuss issues that are unique to edge applications such as protecting a model's intellectual property and verifying its integrity.


Attributes like texture, lobulation, malignancy, etc., are commonly used to describe the phenotype of a pulmonary nodule in computed tomography (CT) image, which can provide useful medical knowledge for the identification of early stage lung cancer. There may exist certain relations among these attributes, and some attributes may naturally imply or boost others that have been less comprehensively exploited in previous studies. In this paper, we explicitly model the relations among 11 attributes of nodules by way of transfer learning and extract a meta-structure that captures the transferabilities across deep features of these attributes. Specifically, a higher-order transfer learning scheme is proposed by involving three phases, i.e., semantic attribute-specific modeling, semantic attributes transfer modeling and pathologic attribute generalizing, to explore the strongest association across various attributes and to boost the nodule attribute predictions in chest CT images. The proposed approach has been evaluated on the 2632 nodules in the public Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI) dataset. The experimental results suggest that our higher-order transfer approach shows the superior predictive performance not only in the most of the semantic attributes compared with the schemes of learning from scratch and the first-order transfer but also for the pathologic attribute compared with the related studies. In addition, we demonstrate an attribute transfer graph to reveal which attributes combination can supply the most useful information to boost the predictive performance of target attributes.


Objective To observe the changes of heart function, myocardial mechanics in sepsis rat model and to investigate mechanism of the protective effect of Qishenghuoxue Granule on heart. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, LPS group (4 mg/kg LPS i.v.), LPS+Qishenghuoxue Granule group (4mg/kg LPS+8.4 g/kg Qishenghuoxue Granule po), thirty-two rats for each group. Rats were intubated through right common carotid artery to left cardiac ventricle. Function of the left ventricle was monitored and blood was drawn at the 0, 2nd, 4th, 6th hour to detect concentrations of TNF-α, Ang-Ⅱand TNT, eight rats for each time point. Results In sepsis rats, TNT increased significantly and could be relieved by Qishenghuoxue Granule[(1.30±0.53)μg/L vs (0.68±0.82) μg/L, P 0.05]. LVPP and ±dp/dt changed in different degree, LVEDP increased, but these changes could be compromised when using Qishenghuoxue Granule. TNF-α and Ang-Ⅱ increased significantly in sepsis rats, but Qishenghuoxue Granule could decrease its concentration, [(10.16±1.74)pmol/L vs (7.60±1.79) pmol/L P 0.05] and [(1089.96±365.4) ng/L vs (625.30±224.71) ng/L P 0.01]. Conclusions Myocardium was obviously damaged in rats with sepsis. Qishenghuoxue Granule could relieve cardiac damage caused by endotoxin in sepsis model.


Last year, I attended a Civil War Conference that highlighted what has become known as the "Dark Turn of the Civil War." Basically, the turn is a shift in focus from the shiny-bugles-and-gleaming-bayonets interpretation of the Civil War to revealing the ugly underside of the Civil War, emphasizing themes of death, destruction, and loss. At the time, I remember thinking, this is a good thing, Civil War history does tend to be overly romanticized as the glorious American tragedy. One panel that bothered me, however, featured a discussion on "Dark Tourism." I had never heard of Dark Tourism, and I remember being wary of whatever was about to happen. One man on the panel had led ghost tours in Gettysburg; another had worked for a museum exhibit of a Viking village, working with perfumers to recreate the authentic smells of a Viking latrine. [excerpt] Comments This blog post originally appeared in The Gettysburg Compiler and was created by students at Gettysburg College. This blog post is available at The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College: http://cupola.gettysburg.edu/compiler/71 THE GETTYSBURG COMPILER ON THE FRONT LINES OF HISTORY Seduced by the "Dark Turn" Photo of fallen soldiers taken after the Battle of Gettysburg. Timothy H. O'Sullivan [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.


Orthogonal Frequency Division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation technique that offers immunity to multipath propagation effects. However, it suffers from high peak to average power ratio that arises when the subcarrier signal phases are same. The literature survey shows that partial transmit sequence (PTS) is best among the multiple signaling and probabilistic techniques for PAPR reduction. However, the circuit complexity increases with the increase in the number of sub-blocks. Under signal distortion methods of PAPR reduction, mu-Law companding offers better performance. In this paper, a scheme that performs mu-LAW companding operation on partial transmit sequence (PTS) signal is proposed to achieve low circuit complexity while offering better PAPR reduction. The proposed scheme provides better PAPR reduction compared to PTS with four blocks, nearly the same BER performance as PTS with two blocks, least circuit complexity when compared to PTS with four blocks. The performance of the proposed scheme is better than mu-law companding, conventional PTS, SLM and combined versions of SLM, PTS.


This paper seeks to make a pragmatic contribution to computer-assisted discourse analysis by showing how a syntactical description could be used to gain a deeper understanding of the texts. During the '80s, a large corpus (5,000 pages) of varied political discourses covering twenty five years (1934-1960) was collected and a double description of it was carried out. On the one hand, to deal with the occurrence of terms referring to the same notions in the lexicon, a set of 144 sociological categories was assigned to relevant expressions. For example, the following terms were tagged as 'financial notions' : bank, credit, savings, dividend, etc. On the other hand, a surface syntactical description of each sentence of the corpus was produced by means of a parser (Plante 1979) controlled by an heuristic strategy and programmed in Déredec (a LISP sub-language). The use of a syntactical description was founded on the hypothesis that it would reduce the random nature of the lexical distribution of the words in the texts. A lexicon of the clause subjects is more 'qualified' than a lexicon with no criteria. This particular description identifies three contextual dependency relations for every clause, namely: theme/rheme, determination and verbal arguments.


A reinforcing bar binding machine is provided with a feed means (13, 14) for feeding a wire from a wire reel (20) rotatably mounted on a binding machine body (11), a braking means (30) for braking as rotation of the wire reel (20), and a control means (50) that starts a braking to the rotation of the wire reel (20) by the braking means (30) after the wire is fed to a predetermined amount by the feed means (13, 14).


Objective To detect molecular characterization of the promoter and 5′UTR region of ATP7B gene in Chinese children with Wilson disease (WD) and explore the distribution of polymorphisms and mutations in different ethnicity.Methods One hundred and ten patients with WD and 90 healthy children were enrolled into the study and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand configuration polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequence analysis.Results 1.Five polymorphisms were identified as follows, -1294T→G,-105C→G,-116C→T ,-132delGCCGC and -75A→C(transcription start site as +1). The former three ones had never been reported before. The fourth one had not been reported either in China. 2.The polymorphism -132delGCCGC and -75A→C both exhibited with allelic frequency at above 70%, which was much higher than other races. The -132delGCCGC polymorphism shared almost complete linkage disequilibrium with the -75A→C polymorphism (in 98% patients) and their regularity was 96.9%.3. Almost all the polymorphisms distributed in flanking sequence of EXON 1 in Chinese. Race and geological distribution may be dominant factors of the variability of promoter and 5′UTR region of ATP7B gene.Conclusions Three novel polymorphisms and a linkage disequilibrium with the -132delGCCGC and -75A→C were identified in Chinese with WD. It also suggests that the mutation in the promoter of ATP7B is uncommon in Chinese patients.


A highly integrated, multidisciplinary model enabling fast responding parametric studies and optimization of the complete air transport system involving engine, airframe and mission design is presented. The modeling approach shown allows a holistic evaluation and quantification of overall efficiency potentials due to advanced engine concepts, e.g. ultra high bypass ratio (UHBPR) turbofan engines. This contribution focuses on methodology and architecture of the implemented system model. Finally, the capabilities of an integrated system optimization are presented by means of selected use cases.


The study aimed at analyzing the data and information about the effect of service quality and brand trust of Garuda Indonesia to the passengers' satisfaction and retention. The method used was descriptive and associative. The path analysis was used to analyse the data. The primary data was taken from 245 passengers who have been flying with Garuda Indonesia at least 1 time. The survey was conducted in DKI Jakarta. The result shows that the quality of service and the trusted brand effect simultaneously and partially to the passengers' satisfaction while those three factors effect simultaneously and partially to the passengers' retention


With the rapid development of micro-electric and computer technology, multi-UAV has drawn much attention. Multi-UAV has become an important research topic in recent years and the major domestic and foreign scientific research institutions, commercial companies, military institutions are carried thoroughly research to it.In this paper, the development process of multi-UAV are introduced and some representative research projects of multi-UAV at home and abroad are listed and the key technology of multi-UAV are summarized .Finally, the future development trend of multi-UAV are given.


Summary form only given. There are experimental works of different authors where are reported the dependence of output radiation power versus magnitude of focusing magnetic field. In present work we analyze theoretically and by numerical simulation dependencies of output radiation versus magnitude of focusing magnetic field when the magnetic field magnitude is sufficiently smaller than the value corresponding to cyclotron absorption. High power microwave devices based on interaction of high-current relativistic electron beam guided by strong enough homogeneous magnetic field with synchronous electromagnetic field of periodically corrugated waveguide. The high frequency electromagnetic field amplitude is high for optimum regimes with high efficiency level. In this case some electrons are accelerated and different electrons are decelerated during interaction inside the device. As a result, cyclotron resonance conditions are different for different electron groups. We have found theoretically conditions of dynamic cyclotron resonance when it is possible to improve efficiency of interaction in devices with distributed interaction such as TWT, BWO, generator of diffractional radiation by combination of Cherenkov and cyclotron interactions in strong nonlinear regimes with optimum efficiency levels. The numerical simulation of interaction between initially linear electron beam and electromagnetic field has shown that there are regions of efficiency improvement up to 50 and amplitude of high-frequency electromagnetic field. One of the important feature of such combined interaction is dependence on relativistic factor. We have found optimum region of relativistic factors by numerical simulation. The results of numerical simulation were compared with experimental data referring to relativistic diffractional generators and multiwave Cherenkov generators. Good agreement in value of optimum magnitude of guiding magnetic field was obtained.


Abstract M. P. Bryden Laterality: Functional Asymmetry in the Intact Brain. New York, Academic Press, 1982, 319 pp. ISBN 0-12-138180-3. $ 35.00


The author has studied on the relation between IOD and addition of salt water, flour temperature, environment temperature, content of water of noodles surface, flour with different capacity of water absorption. So can instruct the production scientifically.


This paper discusses the effect of pre-grouping on vector classification based on the self-organizing map (SOM). The SOM is an unsupervised learning neural network, and is used to form clusters of vectors using its topology preserving nature. The use of SOMs for practical applications, however, may pose difficulties in achieving high recognition accuracy. For example, in image recognition, the accuracy is degraded due to the variation of lighting conditions. This paper considers the effect of pre-grouping of feature vectors on such types of applications. The proposed pre-grouping functionality is also based on the SOM and introduced into a new parallel configuration of the previously proposed SOM-Hebb classifers. The overall system is implemented and applied to position identification from images obtained in indoor and outdoor settings. The system first performs the grouping of images according to the rough representation of the brightness profile of images, and then assigns each SOM-Hebb classifier in the parallel configuration to one of the groups. Recognition parameters of each classifier are tuned for the vectors belonging to its group. Comparison between the recognition systems with and without the grouping shows that the grouping can improve recognition accuracy. key words: SOM, vector recognition, position identification, parallel classifiers


Pillared 3D carbon architectures, with the graphene layers and carbon nanotubes connected by topological junctions, have been produced and observed, as reported recently. However, the atomistic details of such junctions are hard to discern in microscopy and remain presently unclear. The simplest junction contains six heptagons in the transition region between the nanotube and graphene. Although these junctions make the pillared architectures possible, they are susceptible to failure when the whole structure undergoes mechanical or thermal stress. In this work we consider "nanochimneys", a variety of special junctions with cones in between the nanotube and graphene parts. We explore the structures of the nanochimneys (NCs) and determine their underlying topological requirements. We also study the thermal conductance of these pillared architectures and show that NCs conduct heat better than regular simple junctions.


October 2004 A thirty years since his premature death cut short an outstandingly promising ministry, Byang Kato's contribution to the growth of African evangelical Christianity remains unique. His book Theological Pitfalls in Africa, translated into French as Pièges théologiques en Afrique, still provokes comment and controversy, as it has done since its publication in 1975. In recent years the Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology has published accounts of his life and work by Christina Breman (1996) and Yusufu Turaki (2001). The Nairobi Evangelical Graduate School of Theology named its chapel after him, as did the Faculté de Théologie Evangélique de Bangui its library, appropriate recognition of his role in the foundation of both institutions. The idea that he was "the founding father of modern African evangelical theology" is no exaggeration, readily justified by an appraisal of recent African church history.1 Byang Henry Kato was born in June 1936 into the Hahm, or Jaba, people in the Nigerian town of Kwoi in Kaduna State. His parents were adherents of Jaba traditional religion, but Byang was converted to Christ at the age of twelve in a primary school of the Sudan Interior Mission (SIM). He subsequently went to Igbaja Bible College, gained British secondary school certificates by correspondence, and in 1966 was awarded a London University bachelor of divinity degree after three years of study at London Bible College. He returned to Igbaja as professor from 1966 to 1967 and, at the age of thirty-one, became general secretary of the Evangelical Church of West Africa (ECWA) in 1967. He undertook postgraduate studies at Dallas Theological Seminary in the early 1970s, obtaining the degrees master of sacred theology and doctor of theology. In 1973 he was appointed general secretary of the Association of Evangelicals of Africa and Madagascar (AEAM, now the Association of Evangelicals of Africa), the second incumbent of that position and the first African to hold it. He drowned just two years later, aged thirtynine, in a tragic and unexplained swimming accident while on vacation at the Kenyan coast.


In a previous work, a typical case is studied, where a solid sheet insulation contains a void under DC or AC voltage. In the present paper, to study the charging phenomenon in HVDC valve windings and cables, a more complex case is studied under a superposition of AC and DC voltage. Real inception voltage is calculated, and it agrees with the experimental results reported in another paper. Moreover, the location of the charging phenomenon is calculated, and it is related to the ratio between AC and DC voltage.


GaN films were grown with reactive laser induced molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire and SiC substrates. The radiation source was a picosecond Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) with a repetition rate between 2 and 4kHz. As target material fluid gallium in N2-atmosphere (5.E-02 mbar) was used. The GaN films are epitaxially with (0001) orientation. By PL measurements near-band-edge emission was demonstrated.


The participation of minorities in Dutch higher education has increased steadily in recent decades, but their short-term labour market returns continue to lag behind those of Dutch graduates. Less is known about the longer-term returns. In this paper we aim to shed light on this question using a longitudinal dataset on Dutch HBO graduates who left education in 2007, 2009, 2010 or 2011, surveyed one year after graduation, and again in 2015 (respectively eight, six, five and four years after graduation). We analyse the effect of migration background on short and medium term returns to education, controlling for gender, socio-economic status, prior education, average grades, and age, and assessing the potential mediating effects of field of study, job preferences and self-reported usefulness of social networks.


The creep damage levels of two metallic materials (PM1000 and IN738LC Ni based superalloy), which had different microstructures and creep damage mechanism, were evaluated by ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurement. In case of PM1000 alloy, the ultrasonic velocity decreased with increasing creep time, which was mainly attributed to the decrease of Young's modulus due to the increasing volume fraction of creep cavity. Ultrasonic attenuation coefficient increased with increasing creep time in IN738LC alloy, while ultrasonic velocity showed no distinct trend. This increase of ultrasonic attenuation was attributed to the directional coarsening (rafting) of γ′ precipitates. A linear correlation was found between attenuation coefficient and mean length of γ′ precipitates. Introduction It is increasingly important to evaluate the level of creep damage for securing the reliability of the equipments. It is desirable to establish the process evaluating the creep damage nondestructively, as it is difficult or sometimes impossible to remove part of the component for analysis [1-5]. In order to evaluate the damage to structure nondestructively using in-situ monitoring, ultrasonic [1,2], magnetic [3,4] and electrical resistivity [5] methods have been employed. In this investigation, the creep damage levels of two selected commercial Ni based superalloys (PM1000 and IN738LC alloy), which had differently evolved microstructures during creep (cavity formation/rafting of γ′ precipitates), were evaluated by ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurement. Experimental Procedure Material. The PM1000 Ni based dispersion strengthened superalloy (Ni: balance, Cr: 20, Al: 0.3, Ti: 0.5 and Y2O3: 0.6 in weight %) was selected under the consideration that the major creep damage is grain boundary cavity formation not involving with complicated carbide or second phase formation [6]. The IN738LC precipitation strengthened Ni based superalloy (Ni: balance, , Cr: 16, Co: 8.6, Mo: 1.75, Ta: 1.8, Al: 3.1, Ti: 3.1, W: 2.7, C: 0.1, Si: 0.09, Mn: 0.03, Nb: 0.82 and Fe: 0.3 in weight %) shows superior high temperature strength due to large amount (volume fraction: approximately 40 %) of cuboidal γ′ precipitates (Ni3(Al,Ti)) [7]. This alloy was selected under the consideration that the most dominant microstructural change during creep deformation is rafting of γ′ precipitates rather than creep cavity formation [8]. Preparation of artificially creep damaged specimens and microstructural analysis. In case of PM1000 alloy, the creep temperature and stress ranges were determined from the previous results [6,8] so that the intergranular fracture dominated the creep fracture. The temperature was set at 1000°C, stress range was 110-123 MPa and the rupture time ranged 2-2000 hours. In case of IN738LC alloy, the creep temperatures and stress ranges were determined from the Larson-Miller parameter so that the rupture time ranged 10-1000 hours. Creep test was interrupted after some fraction of life time for microstructural examination and ultrasonic measurement. The amount of creep cavity in PM1000 alloy was estimated according to the Eq. (1) after measuring the density of Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-08-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 270-273, pp 120-125 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.270-273.120 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,17:37:39) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) the each specimen using Archimedes's principle (ASTM C20-78 procedures) [9]. The result is the average value of ten measurements. Cavity(%) = ( 1ρ/ρ0 ) x 100. (1) Where, ρ0 and ρ are the densities of the virgin and the creep damaged specimens, respectively. The γ′ precipitates in IN738LC alloy were observed using FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope, HITACH S4300) with a magnification of 20,000 after electrolytic etching of the polished specimens. The mean length and width were measured for 300-400 γ′ precipitates in each specimen using image analyzer (Visus image analysis 2.0). Ultrasonic measurement. An immersion technique was employed for accurate measurements ultrasonic attenuation and velocity. The ultrasonic measurement system used in this experiment consisted of pulser/receiver (Panametric 5601A/TT), digital storage oscilloscope (Lecroy 9310) with a data sampling frequency of 5 GHz (time resolution of 0.2 ns), longitudinal piezoelectric wideband probe (Panametrics) with a center frequency of 35 MHz, immersion tank with a unit of parallelism-adjustment, and personal computer with commercial software for data acquisition and signal processing. Velocity and attenuation were estimated from the 100 times-averaged signal by pulse echo overlap method. Results and Discussion No other detectable microstructural change besides cavity formation and increased dislocation density was observed in PM1000 alloy [10]. Fig. 1 shows the change of experimentally measured ultrasonic velocity with volume fraction of cavity in PM1000 alloy in comparison of the theoretically calculated value obtained by applying the composite material model. The decrease of ultrasonic velocity with increasing volume fraction of creep cavity was observed in the crept specimens, which agreed well with previous result [10]. The propagating velocity of longitudinal (VL) wave in a solid medium is given as follows [11]. ρ μ 3 4 + = K V L ) 2 1 )( 1 ( ) 1 ( υ υ υ ρ − + − = E . (2) where, K, μ, E, ν and ρ are the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and density of a solid, respectively. Composite material models [12,13] have been used to calculate the effective property changes with volume fraction of second phase in the dispersion strengthened composite materials. The dilute concentration approximation model [12] and the Mori-Tanaka model [13] were applied in this investigation to calculate the effective bulk modulus (Keff) and effective shear modulus (μeff) of the composite material consisting of matrix (virgin material) and cavity as the second phase with Young's modulus of zero. Rule of mixture was applied to calculate the effective density (ρeff) of the crept materials under the assumption that the density of cavity is zero. The material constants of the virgin PM1000 alloy used in this calculation are as follows: Young's modulus of 199.7 MPa, Poisson's ratio of 0.34 and density of 8.33526 g/cm 3 [6]. It should be noted that the experimentally measured velocities were always lower than the calculated ones in the crept PM1000 alloy as shown in Fig. 1. These results imply that there could be other factors than cavity to decrease the ultrasonic velocity. The increased dislocation density during creep deformation might explain the discrepancy between the measured and theoretical values [10]. In order to evaluate the relative contribution of parameters (E, ν, ρ in the Eq. (2)) to ultrasonic velocity, the normalized properties with respect to a virgin condition (Eeff/Eo, νeff/νo, ρeff/ρo) were plotted in Fig. 2. It is noted that the Young's modulus is the strongest parameter to affect ultrasonic velocity among three parameters. Therefore, it is believed that the decrease of ultrasonic velocity in the crept materials is mainly due to decrease of Young's modulus caused by increased volume Key Engineering Materials Vols. 270-273 121


Number of citations and the h-index are popular metrics for indexing scientific impact. These, and other existing metrics, are strongly related to scientists' seniority. This article introduces complementary indicators that are unrelated to the number of years since PhD. To illustrate cumulative and career-stage approaches for assessing the scientific impact across a discipline, citations for 611 scientists from 97 U.S. and Canadian social psychology programs are amassed and analyzed. Results provide benchmarks for evaluating impact across the career span in psychology and other disciplines with similar citation patterns. Career-stage indicators provide a very different perspective on individual and program impact than cumulative impact, and may predict emerging scientists and programs. Comparing social groups, Whites and men had higher impact than non-Whites and women, respectively. However, average differences in career stage accounted for most of the difference for both groups.


The present invention is a method of 1,3-propanediol (PDO) in the reverse order of the purification by distillation, which comprises: (a) optionally removing water or other solvent from the crude 1,3-propanediol mixture; (b) at maximize the separation of the conditional weight ratio of 1,3-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol mixture components and components lighter than the 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol was distilled crude mixture; (c) recovery 1,3-propanediol comprising at least a majority ratio of 1,3-propanediol with at least a portion of the light component stream mixture; and (d) distilling the step (c) of the stream, to separate the 1,3-propanediol stream ratio of 1 1,3-propanediol light components and any residual weight ratio of 1,3-propanediol component.


The history of infectious disease in humans (and to a lesser extent other primates) has been studied from different perspectives including those of bioarchaeology, medical history, and evolutionary genetics. Technical advances in nucleotide sequencing as well as in the ability to obtain genetic material from difficult sources (such as feces and ancient materials) have enhanced our ability to examine both ancient pathogens and pathogens that are difficult to isolate in nature. Additionally, significant advances in analytic methods have improved our ability to address questions about the evolutionary dynamics of important pathogens, such as the time of pathogen emergence or host jumps, biogeographic patterning, and the impacts of natural selection (both in the host and the pathogen). These advances have combined to provide critical insight into the intimate relationship of primates and their pathogens across multiple evolutionary timescales, from the ancient origins of malaria and lice to the recent emergence of HIV and SARS coronavirus. In this symposium, we bring together researchers to consider our rapidly evolving understanding of pathogens and parasites in the evolutionary history of their human and primate hosts.


Aim: To assess the effectiveness of therapeutic exercises and transcutaneus electrical nevre stimulation (TENS) alone and in combination with ultrasound (US) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trial which performed in Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, 48 patients presenting with symptoms of neurological claudication and magnetic resonance image-proven lumbar spinal stenosis were randomized to one of two 6-week (30 sessions, 5 session each week) physical therapy programs. One program included exercise + TENS group (group 1, n=24), while the other included exercise+TENS plus ultrasound (group 2, n=24). Stretching and strengthening exercises for lumbar, abdominal, leg muscles were given as therapeutic exercises. TENS was applied countinously with 80 MHz frequency for 30 minutes. In addition to these treatment modalities ultrasound was applied with 1 mHz, 1.5W/cm2 intensity, in continuous mode on the back muscle for 10 minutes to group 2. Recovery was evaluated by Oswestry, a numerical pain rating scale (VAS), and a treadmill walking test. Testing occurred at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 month. Results: Statistically significant improvements were found in all of the post-treatment parameters (the leg pain score, Oswestry Disability Index score, treadmill walking distance) in both groups compared with the pre-treatment values in 6-weeks and 3-month follow-up evaluations (p<0.05), Improvements in disability, satisfaction, VAS in exercise, TENS and US group (group 2) were significantly more than that of those in exercise, TENS group (group 1) at all follow-up points. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that patients with lumbar spinal stenosis can benefit from physical therapy. Therapeutic exercises and TENS are effective for pain and disability in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and that addition of ultrasound to exercise therapy and TENS may further improve the parameters of follow-up in these patients.


This study was designed to access performance of coloured broiler chickens (n= 112) fed diets with or without addition of Amla fruit powder during extreme summer (May-June, 38°C to 43°C). There were four dietary treatments with 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% Amla fruit dried powder respectively in broiler starting (0-3 wk) and finishing (3-6 wk) diets. Feed intake was lower (P<0.001) in broilers fed diets containing Amla fruit powder at any level in comparison to control. FCR during all phases improved (P<0.001) in treatment group compared to control and other dietary treatments. The feather loss, giblet, liver, gizzard, eviscerated yield and dressed yield differed significantly among various treatments. The yields of breast (P<0.01) and drum stick (P<0.001) increased at 0.1% or 0.2% level with reduction of cut of part-back yield (P<0.001). Cell-mediated immune response (CMI) improved (P<0.01) on addition of Emblica fruit powder. Lower levels of reduced glutathione (P<0.01) was estimated in treatment group and the values were lowest at 0.1% level. The m-RNA expression of HSP-70 in liver and bursa remain comparable while in spleen it was significantly down-regulated (P<0.001) on dietary addition of amla at 0.3% level (in comparison to control group) by a mean factor of 0.506. Use of Amla fruit powder 0.2% in diets was beneficial to improve FCR, CMI response while 0.3% was beneficial to improve HSP-70 expression during extreme summer.


BACKGROUND
Structure-activity relationships are often reported in scientific studies. These may be employed in searching for new acceptable biocides to use against harmful microorganisms, because the biocides used hitherto encounter various problems, including lack of efficiency, high toxicity and persistence. Nowadays, scientists are trying to find new, environmentally acceptable biocides to replace these earlier biocides. Different compounds from renewable materials have been studied and have shown pronounced antifungal activity against wood fungi. These include aminopolysaccharide derivatives and different quaternary ammonium polymers. A biological study carried out with these products indicated a possible relationship between amino groups and differences in biological activity observed.

RESULTS
In this study, an amino group was successively fixed to different carbon atoms of glucose, and glucosamine was also modified by both N-alkylation and quaternisation. The impact of the amino group position on antifungal activity against two wood decay fungi was investigated. The amino group at the anomeric position showed the highest antifungal activity against both Coriolus versicolor Quel. and Poria placenta (Fr.) Cooke. Furthermore, the positive impact of both N-alkylation and quaternisation on the growth of both strains was demonstrated.

CONCLUSION
The anomeric position of the amino group and the N-alkylation and quaternisation of amino sugars considerably increase the antifungal activity of these compounds.


Via a differential comparison of the binding energies between H- and He-like ions, the electron–electron interaction energies of the states 1 s 2 , 1 s , 2 s 0 , 1 , 1 s , n p 1 / 2 0 , 1 , 1 s , n p 3 / 2 1 , 2 , 2 s , n p 1 / 2 0 , 1 and 2 s , n p 3 / 2 1 , 2 ( n ≤ 5 ) in the He-like isoelectronic sequence are obtained over a wide range of the nuclear charge Z = 2 − 133 by using fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and configuration interaction methods. Contributions from the Coulomb and Breit interactions, the nuclear effects, the self-energy and vacuum polarization corrections are evaluated. The results show that, the one-electron corrections to the electron–electron interaction are nearly cancelled out during the deduction of the interelectron interaction energies. Besides the Coulomb interaction, the Breit interaction plays a significant role in the electron–electron interaction for high- Z ions; it contributes 23% of the electron–electron interaction energy at Z = 133 .


When the piezoelectric material is under cycle pressure,the cycle voltage is produced on its′surface.The piezoelectric materials is fabricated into piezoelectric vibrator with sheet metal,the periodic oscillation of piezoelectric vibrator will continue to inspire charge in its surface,the electric energy is stored and transformed to be made into piezoelectric generator.the transfer principle of pressure piezoelectric energy is studied,and the piezoelectric energy transfer circuit is designed.The energy is stored and converted by using the valley fill circuit to replace the ordinary capacitance,the stabilizing voltage circuit and the experiment circuit are designed,the experiment is carried out through the shaking table,and to compare test through the system load,The experimental results confirms that using the valley fill circuit to replace the ordinary can improve the piezoelectric generator load capacity,the energy transfer circuit has no additional power supply.


The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of turmeric on concentrations of selected mineral elements resent in two tomato types from Sokoto state, Nigeria. Healthy, ripe and firm tomato brought from Sokoto, was selected, cleaned for this study. 5%, 10% and 25% by were dissolved in respective 5g, 10g and 25g neem extracts in 9.5, 9.0 and 7.5 liters of distilled water respectively to preserve tomatoes. The experiment was laid in completely randomized design. And elements, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P were determined in the tomatoes after the experiment using atomic absorption spectroscopy. When Daneka tomato was observed, 2.0 to 2.5 (ppm), 3.2 to 3.7 (ppm), 2.2 to 2.6 (ppm), 0.42 to 0.46 (ppm), and 0.4510 to 0.4800 (ppm) are the respective concentrations revealed under turmeric storage method for Na, K, C, Mg, and P. The protection of concentration of different elements is dependent on the concentration of the turmeric applied in the preservation methods. 3.5 to 3.8 (ppm), 2.7 to 2.9 (ppm), 1.4 to 1.8 (ppm), 0.45 to 0.49 (ppm), and 1.2 to 1.9 (ppm) are the ranges of elements compositions of UTC tomatoes after storage under turmeric, for Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P respectively. At the end, the study has indicated, a raising concentration of elements in the all the tomato types depending on the rising turmeric concentration. Impliedly, the turmeric indicates a potential to preserve a typical quality parameter of tomatoes, that is concentration of elements at p < 0.05 significant level.


Backlash, also known as mechanical play, is a piecewise differentiable nonlinearity which exists in several actuated systems, comprising, e.g., rack-and-pinion drives, shaft couplings, toothed gears, and other machine elements. Generally, the backlash is nested between the moving parts of a complex dynamic system, which handicaps its proper detection and identification. A classical example is the two-mass system which can approximate numerous mechanisms connected by a shaft (or link) with relatively high stiffness and backlash in series. Information about the presence and extent of the backlash is seldom exactly known and is rather conditional upon factors such as wear, fatigue, and incipient failures in the components. This paper proposes a novel backlash identification method using one-side sensing of a two-mass system. The method is based on the delayed relay operator in feedback that allows stable and controllable limit cycles to be induced and operated within the (unknown) backlash gap. The system model, with structural transformations required for the one-side backlash measurements, is given, along with the analysis of the delayed relay in velocity feedback. Experimental evaluations are shown for a two-inertia motor bench that has coupling with backlash gap of about 1 deg.


In this paper, the squeezing effect, the bunching effect and the anti-bunching effect of the superposition light field state which involving q-deformation vacuum state and q-Glauber coherent state are studied, the controllable q-parameter of the squeezing effect, the bunching effect and the anti-bunching effect of q-deformed superposition light field state are obtained.


Air quality standards have existed in California for almost six years. They have become an important part of the state's air pollution control program. The two principal uses of the standards have been to establish the goals for controlling motor vehicle emissions and to provide a basis for evaluating air quality throughout the state. The standards have also proven to be valuable as a means of communicating on air pollution problems with legislators, administrators, the press, the public, and dischargers of pollutants. Lack of adequate data on the effects of varying concentrations of contaminants of concern in air pollution is a serious limitation in any effort to establish air quality standards. It is important that this data be obtained. The concept of employing air quality standards as administrative goals is not unique to the air pollution field but is part of a broad trend to utilize standards for insuring a satisfactory environment. Those engaged in the air pollution field can expect to see increasing emphasis on such standards. Air quality standards do not provide a magic formula for eliminating air pollution; they are but one element in a comprehensive program. They have limitations and are no better than the datamore » upon which they are based. The standards, however, can play an important role in preserving satisfactory air quality and protecting man's health. 5 references.« less


Cardiac transplantation is accepted as effective treatment for some patients with end-stage cardiac disease with a five-year survival rate above 70% (1). The first report of a successful pregnancy in a woman with a transplanted heart was published in 1988 (2). In late 1993 the outcome of 32 pregnancies in heart or heart-lung recipients was reviewed (3). The first successful pregnancy in Scandinavia was reported in 1993 (4). We present the two first pregnancies in cardiac allograft recipients in Norway and three pregnancies in heart-lung recipients of which one resulted in spontaneous abortion and two in induced abortion.


In order to realize the identification and automatic observation of the bird species, a series of research work based on the automatic extraction and identification has being developed. To achieve the recognition of the birds, employing binarization of the bird's color image first, and then, using the Log algorithms to extract the outline of the birds. Next, according to the preliminary extraction of the color features of the birds, processing coarse classification to the birds and extracting the texture features based on gray level occurrence matrix to the birds which are not obvious on the color characteristics. Finally, classifying the texture features on the BP neural network. The experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy above 70%.


The main aim of this project is Back-to-Back Voltage-Source Converters with PSO optimized PI Controller for Grid-associated Solar/Wind Cogeneration to reach the desired performance level. An effective and simple wind-solar cogeneration system has been proposed in this research. Utilizing BtB VSCs with PSO -PI controller tuning, a wind turbine is connected to the grid. A dc-link capacitor was used to directly connect a PV generator. There are no phase's conversion of DC/DC in this system. In addition, to maximize the extraction of renewable energy, the proposed topology incorporates tracking of the individual maximum power points of PV and Wind generators. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based PI controller with vector control in a rotating reference frame is used to control the VSCs. The suggested system's performance is also examined in light of utility-grid issues. MATLAB/SIMULINK findings are used to verify the proposed topology's efficiency.


The antiglycemic effect of 20 g vinegar ingested at mealtime is well characterized; yet chronic vinegar ingestion is impracticable due to esophageal discomfort and astringent taste. Vinegar is more palatable when incorporated in a food matrix. This trial examined whether a frozen pickle juice product possessed antiglycemic properties. Healthy, non‐diabetic adults (13 F, 3 M; BMI: 25.4±1.4 kg/m2; age: 29.4±2.8 y) consumed frozen pickle juice (56 g, Pickle Sickle.com LLC; Seguin TX) or sugar free popsicles (71 g, Fla·Vor·Ice Light; Jel Sert Company, West Chicago IL) immediately prior to a carbohydrate load (1 buttered bagel and 6 oz fruit juice) in a randomized, crossover fashion with two weeks separating treatments. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected for glucose analysis. The incremental peak glucose concentration at 30 min post‐meal was reduced 42% with frozen pickle juice ingestion as compared to control (p=0.05). Postprandial glycemia (incremental area‐under‐the‐curve) was reduced by the pickle juice treatment at 0‐60 and 0‐120 min as compared to control (‐46%, p=0.038 and ‐39%, p=0.074). These data indicate that pickled food products possess antiglycemic effects similar to vinegar in healthy adults. Foods containing vinegar may help pre‐diabetics and diabetics manage their condition and may be considered functional foods. This research was supported by the ASU Nutrition Research Fund.


Objective To explore the influence of medical and nursing intervention on the disease uncertainty and social support in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods 130 patients with maintenance hemodialysis were randomly divided into intervention group and control group,65 cases in each group.The control group was conducted with conventional nursing,while the intervention group was conducted with individualized and comprehensive medical and nursing intervention such as mental nursing,treatment and nursing,life guidance and family support on the basis of the control group.Scores of the Mishel′s uncertainty in illness scale and social support scale were compared and analyzed between two groups before and after intervention.Results Before the implementation of intervention,the uncertainty in illness of MHD is medium,the level of social support is low,and there was a negative correlation between the disease uncertainty and social support(r=-0.354,P0.05).After the implementation of intervention,the disease uncertainty in the intervention group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P0.05),and the social support was obviously higher than that in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Medical and nursing intervention can reduce the disease uncertainty and improve level of social support in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.


46 patients (24 male and 22 female; average age 51) were evaluated at our clinic from June '91 to December '96 for lithiasis in anomalous kidneys. 19 patients presented horse-shoe kidneys, 3 pelvic ectopic kidneys and 24 a duplex system. A Double-J stent was placed before treatment in 4 patients (9%); 5 subjects (10.8%) needed nephrostomy post-ESWL because of urinary obstruction determined by stein-strasse. 28 patients (60.9%) were stone-free after a single session of ESWL, while 11 (23.9%) presented clinically insignificant residual fragments. 2 patients (2.2%) did not show any sign of stone disintegration. ESWL may be used as primary treatment of urolithiasis in many anomalous kidneys without any associated obstruction that needs surgery.


This work deals with the examination of artwork by photothermal radiometry. It was initiated at the time of the restoration of a florentine XIV century mural painting, the Saint Christopher of the Louvre Museum. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibilities of photothermal radiometry concerning detection of deterioration of internal structure of painting, non visible on surface. The study concentrated on the detection of separations of coating and the existing air voids between the various layers of the support, which create zones of brittleness which often requires an intervention of consolidation. The photothermal analysis was initially carried out on a counterpart of the fresco. In a second time it is the Saint Christopher itself which was controlled. The results obtained clearly show the possibility of detecting defects located in such works of art. The correlation between the information collected by photothermal analysis and traditional acoustic sounding was demonstrated and finally shows the interest to associate these two methods of non-destructive testing. �


Yang, Su Lan, Nor At'fina Ibrahim, Grazele Jenarun, and Houng Bang Liew. Incidence and determinants of acute mountain sickness in Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia. High Alt Med Biol. 21:265–272, 2020. Background: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most common type of high-altitude sickness. The incidence of AMS varies by mountain location, trail characteristics, and study design. The lack of local epidemiology data has driven us to investigate the incidence and severity of AMS and its associated factors at Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia. Methods: A cohort study was conducted to collect data from climbers after days 1 (3272 m) and 2 (4095 m) of ascent. A self-administered questionnaire was used to explore climbers' demographic and climb characteristics, history of AMS, alcohol exposure, and AMS prevention measures. The Lake Louis score 2018 was used to assess the presence and severity of AMS (cutoff ≥3). Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine the factors associated with the development of AMS on day 2. Results: Data from 345 climbers were analyzed. The incidence of AMS was 23.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.5%–28.7%) and 21.7% (95% CI 17.5%–26.3%) on days 1 and 2, respectively. The majority were mild cases. Experiencing AMS on day 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 12.88; 95% CI 6.71–24.75), alcohol consumption (OR = 3.73; 95% CI 1.66–8.39), receiving guide advice on day 1 (OR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.26–0.93), and age (OR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.93–0.99) were significant determinants of AMS at Mount Kinabalu. Gender, history of AMS, past exposure to high altitude, ascending time, water intake, acetazolamide use, physical fitness, pulse rate, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) were not associated with AMS at Mount Kinabalu. Conclusion: Future analysis with age strata is required to ascertain the association of age with AMS. Our research has signposted a strong call for collaborative efforts to improve the provision of hiking advice and discourage alcohol sales to mitigate the risk of AMS among Mount Kinabalu climbers.


E preceding speakers represent many different disciplines QE | and this surely indicates the complexity and difficulty of this subject. By the same token, it is necessary, as Dr. Hoch has emphasized, to employ a number of appjproaches in attempting to solve this problem, because, thusfar, no one approach has proven successful. In attempting to describe our local program which, please bear in mind, must be considered as the cutting edge of the weapon, with the shaft comprised of the resources of the State and of the Federal Government; what is presented is in effect a summation of the efforts of the three governmental levels. We in New York City are in the front line on the direct service level and it is our job to provide tangible service to our citizens. In order to understand the development of our local program, some of the salient facts have been placed on lantern slides in summary form, which will enable me to describe it rapidly and make it more meaningful to you. It should be understood that this description provides background information, and ends in January, i962. Table I attempts to describe, in summary form, narcotics addiction in New York City, pointing out the importance of the international agreements which this country has in effect with the opium-growing nations. It should be borne in mind that the Harrison Narcotic Act was a revenue-raising act only, intended to raise revenue for Uncle Sam. In all these tables, the left column identifies legislative acts; the middle column describes the official action taken by governmental agencies, while the right-hand column indicates the action taken by voluntary, nongovernmental agencies. I might comment here on the Public Health


A major regulator of synaptic dopaminergic tone is the dopamine transporter (DAT), a presynaptic integral membrane protein whose function is reuptake of dopamine (DA) into the neuron after vesicular neurotransmitter release. DAT is the target of therapeutic and abused psychoactive drugs, and DAT dysfunction is hypothesized to contribute to neurological disorders like attention deficit hyperactive disorder, addiction, and Parkinson disease. DAT function is tightly modulated through binding partners and posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, glycosylation, and, of importance here, S‐palmitoylation – the labile, enzymatic modification of cysteine sulfhydryl side groups with the fatty acid palmitate, generating a thioester linkage. S‐palmitoylation conveys protein‐specific functions, which can include protein oligomerization membrane microdomain localization, protein maturation, and alleviating transmembrane domain hydrophobic mismatch. DAT palmitoylation acutely increases DA uptake Vmax without altering DAT surface expression and opposes long‐term DAT degradation. As the enzymatic processes of S‐palmitoylation occurs on intracellularly accessible cysteines, we generated cysteine to alanine mutants at each of the intracellular rat DAT cysteine residues (6, 135, 341, 522, and 580). Palmitoylation of each mutant DAT was probed by [3H]palmitic acid metabolic labeling and the acyl‐biotinyl exchange (ABE) method which revealed a 50% loss of labeling only in the C580A mutant. The remaining palmitoylation signal implied the presence of one or more palmitoylation sites. Subsequently, palmitoylation of mutant rDATs possessing a single intracellular Cys residue was assessed. Cys580 and Cys6 displayed similar and significantly increased palmitoylation levels relative to Cys135, Cys341, and Cys522, and mutant rDATs containing both Cys6 and Cys580 had near WT palmitoylation levels indicating Cys6 is a second palmitoylation site. To determine if endogenous palmitoylation is occurring on Cys6, DAT palmitoylation in rat striatal tissue was assessed by ABE after proteolytic or chemical digestion using Asp‐N or CNBr respectively to generate immunospecific N‐terminal DAT fragments. Asp‐N proteolysis releases a peptide containing Cys6 and Cys135 while CNBr digestion releases a peptide that contains Cys6 but not Cys135, and both fragments are detected by an N‐terminal monoclonal DAT antibody. In these experiments, N‐terminal palmitoylated DAT fragments were produced using both digestion methods, strongly suggesting endogenous palmitoylation of rDAT at Cys6 consistent with our mutagenesis results. Additionally, we are assessing transporter surface expression and functional changes incurred by mutation of this novel rDAT palmitoylation site, Cys6. Palmitoylation of this residue may invoke tethering of the cytosolic N‐terminus of DAT to the plasma membrane affecting DAT function and regulation. We are therefore probing for Cys6 palmitoylation mediated tethering of the N‐terminus to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, Cys6 is adjacent to Ser7, a known PKC‐mediated phosphorylation site, and palmitoylation of Cys6 may sterically inhibit phosphorylation of Ser7 and play a significant role in DAT regulation.


The XVIII century Russia had gone under serious economic, political and cultural transformations. The process of Modernization or Westernization, which was initiated by Peter the Great, and decisions taken in this direction, towards the end of the XVIII century have created a fertile ground for the Enlightenment movement from West. Peter the Great, besides taking decisions of modernization that covered all areas of life, had also chosen the working principle as the basic philosophy of life. All these decisions had changed the social values and the direction of cultural development in Russia. The article is analyzing the transformation process of Archaic Russia into Enlightened Russia. This study also pays attention to personal contribution of XVIII century Russian governors into process of Westernization and Enlightenment.


This report documents the successful completion of operability testing for the Rotary Mode Core Sampling (RMCS) system {number_sign}3. The Report includes the test procedure (WHC-SD-WM-OTP-174), exception resolutions, data sheets, and a test report summary.


This is a study of the representation of the dwelling space in fantastic narratives of Brazilian literature.  We advocate that the elaboration of such spatialities is what configures to a large extent the fantastic setting of the fictional plot. In this paper some of Clarice Lispector's and Murilo Rubiao's fantastic narratives are counterpointed to narratives by Walpole, Poe, Kafka, Saramago and Cortazar. To do so, we rely on the theoretical bases of spatialities as designed by Foucault, Deleuze, Guattari, and Bachelard.


The enforcement of Section 7 has reflected the evolution of theory and empirical studies in industrial organization during the past 30 years. The theory that appeared as dominant by the time of the 1950 amendments to Section 7 was the structural theory of industrial organization. The structural theory holds that the degree of concentration in an industry determines its conduct and performance. The structural theory holds that high concentration can be equated with less competition. The structural theory assumes that when a high percentage of industry sales is accounted for by few sellers, they will develop awareness of what their rivals are likely to do. This awareness will lead to recognized interdependence among the rivals. The structural theory predicts that either overt collusion or tacit coordination will result.


This essay is another journey in the magnetic nature of fundamental movement with emphasis on how and why magnets are attracted and repelled from one another. And the relation of how movement for its mode and direction comes to so many different outcomes. And a rehearsal in how and by what we come to interpret movement into all that exists for us.


With the use of seamless connectivity between the three-dimensional modeling software Pro/E and the finite element method software ANSYS,an assembled model was created,including crank pin,sleeve,crank body and nut washer by Pro/E,and was put it into ANSYS for contact analysis,contact stress distribution between the various bodies was obtained.The results show that the maximum equivalent stress occurs in the middle cone of crank pin.In addition,the maximum stress of the small end of crank pin is greater than other parts except the central cone.Compared to the results obtained by traditional mechanical model,which can effectively explain the fact that crank pin failures occured mainly in the central cone,the small end of crank pin and thread root.And a number of improvements for the design and processing of crank pin have been given.


We present experimental results for the alignment of N2O+(A 2Σ+) photoions over an extended energy range (16.4⩽hνexc⩽240 eV). The polarization of the N2O+(A 2Σ+→X 2Π) fluorescence is used to interpret the oscillator strength distributions for normally unresolved degenerate ionization channels. The results clearly show the influence of a near-threshold 7σ→kσ shape resonance, and help to clarify the results of previous fluorescence and photoelectron studies. At high photon energies, the photoelectrons are not favored to exit via a particular channel, in contrast to recent results on N2 and CO, where photoelectrons are ejected preferentially via the kσ channel and the photoions retain significant alignment even at the highest measurable energies. These results demonstrate that even well above threshold the spectral dependence of the alignment (i.e., polarization) is very sensitive to the molecular environment for photoejection.


Bystander intervention can reduce the amount of cyberbullying victimization on social media, but bystanders often fail to act. Limited accountability for their behavior and a lack of empathy for the victim are frequently cited as reasons for why bystanders do not act against cyberbullying. We developed design interventions that aimed to increase accountability and empathy among bystanders. In Study 1, participants were experimentally exposed to three social media posts with different types of empathy nudges. Empathy nudges embedded into social media posts displayed the potential to motivate empathy. In Study 2, participants took part in a 3-day experiment that simulated a social media experience. Results suggested that increased social transparency on social media promoted accountability through heightened self-presentation concerns, but empathy nudges did not encourage greater bystander empathy. Both accountability and empathy predicted bystander intervention, but the types of bystander actions promoted by each mechanism differed. We consider how these results contribute to theories of bystander behavior and designing social media to promote prosocial behaviors.


Following a long tranquil interval in early Paleozoic time, rocks of the area were subjected to at least seven distinct deformational episodes as follows: (1) multiple subparallel thrusts of great displacement in late Late Devonian to early Early Mississippian; (2) deep subsidence in the area coupled with strong uplift close to the west edge of the area beginning in middle Early Mississippian; (3) regional uplift and local folding and eastward-directed thrusting in late Middle to early Late Pennsylvanian; {4) renewed uplift and permanent end of marine conditions in early Mesozoic; (5) igneous intrustion followed by intense folding, some of very large scale, and westward-directed thrusting climaxing in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous; (6) igneous intrusion and local folding in early Oligocene; and (7) normal faulting climaxing in Miocene. Evidence from this area suggests that the displacement on the Roberts thrust at this latitude was at least 110 km (68 mi) and probably much more. The leading edge of the upper plate of that thrust probably lay diagonally or irregularly across the area after movement ceased. Sedimentation was scarcely interrupted near this leading edge of the upper plate, but other areas nearby to the west were emergent and were deeply eroded immediately after emplacement. Mesozoic tectonism involving prolonged uplift, injection of large igneous bodies, volcanism, intense folding, and thrusting constitutes a complex orogenic event of major importance and is a principal orogenic event in the history of the area.


This paper describes a general methodology for developing bibliometric performance indicators. Such a description provides a framework or paradigm for application-oriented research in the field of evaluative quantitative science and technology studies, particularly in the humanities and social sciences. It is based on our study of scholarly output in the field of Law at the four major universities in Flanders, the Dutch speaking part of Belgium. The study illustrates that bibliometrics is much more than conducting citation analyses based on the indexes produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), since citation data do not play a role in the study. Interaction with scholars in the fields under consideration and openness in the presentation of the quantitative outcomes are the basic features of the methodology. Bibliometrics should be used as an instrument to create a mirror. While not a direct reflection, this study provides a thorough analysis of how scholars in the humanities and social sciences structure their activities and their research output. This structure can be examined empirically from the point of view of its consistency and the degree of consensus among scholars. Relevant issues can be raised that are worth considering in more detail in followup studies, and conclusions from our empirical materials may illuminate such issues. We argue that the principal aim of the development and application of bibliometric indicators is to stimulate a debate among scholars in the field under investigation on the nature of scholarly quality, its principal dimensions, and operationalizations. This aim provides a criterion of productivity of the development process. We further contend that librarians are not infrequently requested to provide assistance in collecting data related to research performance assessments, and that the methodology described in the paper aims at offering a general framework for such activities, and can be used by librarians as a line of action whenever they become involved.


In conclusion, we have demonstrated a simple means of suppressing SBS and multipath interference (MPI) when an electroabsorption modulated lasers (EML) is used as an optical transmitter for analog transmission at 1.55 /spl mu/m. This technique is essential to allow the high powers obtained with EDFAs to propagate with high CNR and low distortion.


The invention discloses a movable grab hook device used for wirelessly testing the dynamic performances of a vehicle which includes a grab hook supporting plate, three movable grab hook mechanisms anda movable screw tightening mechanism that are mutually connected; the movable grab hook mechanisms are connected with the bottom part of the grab hook supporting plate in a triangle layout mode; themovable screw tightening mechanism is connected with the central part of the grab hook supporting plate and the outside of the movable screw tightening mechanism is surrounded by the grab hook supporting plate in a triangle layout mode. When in testing, a tested circuit board and a balancing weight additive plate are respectively, oppositely and fixedly arranged at the two ends of the plane of thegrab hook supporting plate; the hooks of the three movable grab hook mechanisms are respectively grabbed with the inner edge of a window hole in the metal hood cover of the hub of a vehicle tyre andfirmly grab the whole device by the rotating pressure of a large central movable screw to the metal hood cover of the hub. A testing platform which can run with the tyre is provided.


When new energy efficient products are struggling with their commercialisation and diffusion into widespread applications you would typically expect policy-makers and green lead-users to guide the way. This paper examines the case of the hot water circulator pump industry in Europe, where parts of the industry envisioned and worked for a voluntary energy label, bringing technological innovation, new business and energy savings of approx. 85% for each new circulator pump. The case study explores the complexities of innovation processes where technology, market, actors and policy co-evolve over time to transform an existing socio-technical regime. The paper highlights the importance of policies to reduce barriers towards innovation and energy efficiency and shows that it is not always policy-makers that establish the crucial policies that change the innovation dynamics for the benefit of the environment and the industry. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Abstract : The design, fabrication and capabilities of an 80-cm-diameter, several nanosecond rise time coaxial transmission line section with air dielectric is described. The line section was used for test and calibration of transient electromagnetic field sensors. The high frequency limitations of the line are discussed and several examples of measurements of the internal fields are given. (Author)


We report high-resolution (<100 nm) Mg and Si isotope data of 12 presolar silicate grains (230–440 nm) from red giant and/or asymptotic giant branch stars that were previously identified based on their anomalous O-isotopic compositions (11 Group 1 grains and one Group 2 grain) in five primitive meteorites. The data were acquired by NanoSIMS ion imaging with the new Hyperion ion source that permits Mg and Si isotope measurements of presolar silicates with higher precision than was possible before. For a subset of five Group 1 ("category A") grains, 25Mg/24Mg and 29Si/28Si ratios correlate with the inferred initial 18O/16O ratios of their parent stars, a measure of stellar metallicity. The Mg and Si isotope data of category A grains show positive correlations in the δ25Mg–δ26Mg, δ29Si–δ30Si, and δ25Mg–δ29Si spaces. The correlations between O-, Mg, and Si-isotopic compositions are best explained by Galactic chemical evolution (GCE), with only minor imprints of nucleosynthetic and mixing processes in the grains' parent stars. Six Group 1 silicate ("category B") grains have close-to-normal Mg and Si isotopic compositions, possibly the result of isotope exchange in interstellar space or the meteorite parent bodies. For Si in category A grains, we find, with ∼2σ significance, a slightly shallower slope in the δ29Si–δ30Si space for the GCE than inferred from presolar SiC mainstream grains. The 2σ upper limit on the slope for the linear trend in the δ25Mg–δ26Mg space of category A grains is slightly lower than the slope-1 predicted by GCE models around solar metallicity.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences is engaged in abroad-based attrition research program incorporating both longitudinal and concurrent research designs. In the longitudinal design, several measures (e.g., surveys, test instruments, and performance criteria) will be obtained from samples of the Fiscal Year 1999 accession cohort who will be tracked throughout the first- term life cycle. For the concurrent design, comparison data from various points along the first-term life cycle will be collected from earlier accession cohorts. This report outlines the overall sampling, data collection, and data analysis plans for the program.


In the age of knowledge economy, the national innovation has become a crucial factor of sustainable development and international competitive ability for a country. The national innovative system and its supportive regional innovative-system construction, as a concentrated reflection of innovative ability of a nation as a whole, provides universities with good opportunities, and meantime requires demand for reform. Local universities should take an active part in the construction of regional innovative system so as to push forward the development of regional economy and society.


For digital HDTV studio-to-studio transmission at 565 Mb/s the hardware implementation of a differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) coding algorithm with 2-D prediction and a fixed code word length is reported. The data rate is reduced by a factor of about two. Noise shaping improves the picture quality of both luminance and chrominance. Parallel processing, a modified DPCM structure, and pipeline techniques are necessary to fulfil the timing constraints. The DPCM and FIFO circuits, the major components of this codec, are designed with a 1.2- mu m double metal CMOS technology. The two DPCM chips, one for luminance and one for chrominance, are successfully tested and work correctly up to 44 and 59 MHz, respectively, while the fall-through FIFO with a maximum storage capacity of 1296 b*8 b attains a clock frequency of over 130 MHz. Due to its completely asynchronous operation this FIFO may be useful for other video applications, but a fall-through time of 400 ns must be taken into account. >


Novel bulk ZnO porous nanosolids were prepared by Hydrothermal Hot-Press (HHP) tech- nique, using ZnO nanoparticles (with average particle size of 30 nm). At the same time, ZnO nano- particles were treated with conventional hydrothermal method (pretreated ZnO nanoparticles). then,two kinds of thick-film gas sensors were prepared by using ZnO porous nanosolid and pretreated ZnO nano- particles, respectively. The intrinsic resistances of the gas sensors were tested. Compared with the sensor fabricated by ZnO nanoparticles, the intrinsic resistances of the above two kinds of gas sensors decrease greatly. It's good for improving the stability of the sensors. The differences in the intrinsic resistances of the thick-film gas sensors are analyzed based on the SEM and TEM measurements.


Sedimentation settler, and, equipped with installed and the precipitated settler and in fluid communication with collection container below the the precipitated settler, the collection container is closed outlet adjacent to or the chamber bottom in receiving chamber bottom vital inlet opening to form the receiving chamber with, the collection container, the precipitated settler of lower flow direction of the fluid in the region and the direction of the channel of the settler descending 該沈 substantially collinear to so as to be arranged, the separation device.


The shops have Christmas items on display and the old familiar hits of previous decades are playing to get shoppers in a festive mood. [...]sang Noddy Holder of Slade in 1973 (and very year since). On the tenth day of Christmas my true love gave to me the list of 10 drugs categories associated with DILD on univariate analysis, six drug categories significantly associated with increased occurrence of DILD, four case–control matches, 2 thousand plus patients with DILD and a partridge nested in a pear tree. With this in mind, Amaral and colleagues, on behalf of the BOLD collaborative research group (see page 1236), investigated the global ecological association between chronic airflow obstruction and ambient air pollution (PM2.5) across those countries representing most of the regions defined by the Global Burden of Disease.


In a profile in the November, 2012 issue of the magazine Architect, activist-architect Raphael Sperry, a founder of the group Architects Planners & Designers for Social Responsibility (APDSR) discussed his petition to amend the AIA's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct to include a prohibition on "the design of (prison) spaces intended for long-term solitary isolation and execution."1 This issue is both serious and timely. It deserves contemplative attention before any action is taken. The purpose of this letter is to provide the the architecture profession a condensed analysis of the possible justification for taking the action Mr. Sperry advocates. After review and consideration, we are persuaded that Mr. Sperry's proposal does merit action by the AIA.


Simple and complex motions of a high-temperature pulse on a polycrystalline nickel ring were observed during the atmospheric oxidation of hydrogen in a well-mixed reactor. The complex patterns were affected by evolving spatial nonuniformities on the catalytic surface, which led the pulse to «favor» certain positions on the ring. The shape, width, and velocity of the rotating pulse varied with azimuthal position. The observed patterns included a pulse motion interspersed with antiphase behavior as well as one with aperiodic reversal of direction. A qualitative phase space scenario is proposed, based on the idea that some of the patterns may be thought of as concatenations of nearly heteroclinic motions


Music teachers in urban, suburban, and rural communities face a multitude of challenges and opportunities. To identify and examine specific experiences that may be unique to rural general music teachers, we recruited six teacher-participants to complete a 5-week online professional development (PD) course for this exploratory study. We created a teacher-led approach for this PD, implementing topics and solutions generated by the participants. Using qualitative content analysis, we found two categories of themes in the online discussion posts that either connected or disconnected our participants with other music teachers on their general music context or their geographic setting. Although participants clearly articulated the influences of setting and place-based pedagogy, we found shared issues related to general music that transcended location. Implications for future PD include the importance of online delivery methods and developing PD differentiated by teaching contexts and geographic settings.


Clinicians who provide evidence-based management for patients need to keep up with the literature in their field of interest. This can be challenging. Clinicians need access to the literature and not everyone is privileged to have library access; there needs to be time to read it, and the literature needs appraisal for its quality and rigour. The recent workshop at the CFA conference was an opportunity to learn more about evidence appraisal and this is a key skill for practising clinicians as well as researchers.


The dehydration processes of the solid state FePO4·4H2O in Air have been studied by using TG-DTG- DTA and XRD techniques. TG-DTG-DTA curves showed that the dehydration proceeds through two well-defined steps, the mass loss of the which is in good agreement with the theoretical values. The XRD profile verified that the product of the dehydration process was FePO4. The activation energies of the dehydration, calculated by the Friedman and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods, acted as the initial values for the multiple-nonlinear regression method, from which the most-probable conversion functions and the corresponding kinetic parameters have been estimated.


The concentration of reactive metal hydride (Met-H) reducing agents can be determined (in < or = 20 min) using No-D NMR spectroscopy. The method involves (i) reacting Met-H with an excess of p-methoxybenzaldehyde, (ii) quenching with excess acetic acid, (iii) recording the No-D NMR spectrum of this homogeneous mixture, and (iv) deducing the concentration of Met-H from the % conversion (as measured by integration). By a conceptually related method, the titer of the basic alkali metal hydrides KH and NaH can also be determined.


Researchers claim that a rise in the language of learning has led to education being seen as a commodity and the learner as a customer, leading to a market model in FE. To ascertain the impact the language of learning has had upon practitioners' understanding of education, their practice and their professional identities, semi-structured interviews were carried out. A total of 12 practitioners with differing levels of experience in the FE sector across the north of England were interviewed. Thematic analysis and coding of responses revealed the presence of two additional languages, one related to a therapeutic ethos and the other connected to aspects of the market model. Both these and the language of learning were inter-relational in nature, apparently legitimising and reinforcing each other and defining and valuing what can be done. The languages appeared to be creating a blinkered view of life, one stripped of complexity, leading to a simplistic, reductionist and instrumental perspective. This perspective is in conflict with the complex concepts and theories used in teacher training, so much so that it appeared such concepts quickly became forgotten as they had no apparent purpose or relevance within the actual practice – a practice that is defined by these languages.