An all-fiber acousto-optic modulator (AOM), which features a compact structure and a low-driving voltage, is experimentally demonstrated for the active mode-locking of a fiber laser. The proposed AOM is based on the short length of the cladding-etched fiber, the ends of which are fixed on a slide glass. On top of the cladding-etched fiber, a piezoelectric transducer was overlaid. A chemical wet-etching technique, which is based on a mixed solution of NH4F and (NH4)2SO4, is used to reduce the fiber diameter down to ∼25  μm, and the length of the etched section is only 0.5 cm. The fabricated device exhibited a modulation depth of 73.10% at an acoustic frequency of 918.9 kHz and a peak-to-peak electrical voltage of 10 V, while a laser beam was coupled at 1560 nm. By using the prepared AOM within an erbium-doped-fiber ring cavity, the mode-locked pulses with a temporal width of 2.66 ps were readily obtained at a repetition rate of 1.838 MHz.


Ectodermal structures, in the form of sebaceous glands and hair follicles, are extremely rare within the cervix and vagina. We describe the clinicopathologic findings in 11 cases (10 cervix, 1 vagina) with a view to exploring the histogenesis of this unusual phenomenon. The cases occurred in patients aged 33 to 71. In 10 of the cases, sebaceous glands were present that were associated with hair follicle–like structures in 3 cases forming pilosebaceous units. In the other case, hair follicle– and sweat gland–like structures were present; the latter have not been previously described in the cervix. The ectodermal structures were usually either attached to the basal layer of the surface squamous epithelium or lay "free" within the superficial stroma, although in 1 case sebaceous glands were located within the squamous epithelium. The squamous epithelium overlying the ectodermal structures typically exhibited hyperkeratosis. Although we were unable to definitively resolve the debate as to whether ectodermal structures within the cervix and vagina represent misplaced embryonal tissue and a true heterotopia or a "metaplastic" process, we favor the latter as a response to prolonged irritation or chronic injury.


Engineered scaffolds made from synthetic or natural biomaterials are crucial elements in tissue engineering strategies. Numerous biomaterials are being used to fabricate scaffolds, including glasses, ceramics, metals, polymers, and their composites. Although materials chemistry and scaffold architecture (pore size, pore volume) are important factors affecting cell–surface interactions, the roughness and topography of the scaffold surface plays an essential part too, especially nanoscale features are relevant. Extensive research has been carried out on introducing nanoscale features on 2D, flat surfaces, but much limited efforts have been focused on nanostructuring the surface of 3D scaffolds. This paper specifically reviews the current techniques that are available to introduce or engineer nanoscale topography on the surfaces of 3D scaffolds or on 2D surfaces that can be successfully assembled into 3D scaffolds via post‐processing. The literature reviewed provides evidence about the influence of nanoscale topography on cell attachment, migration, and proliferation. While the paper is focused on bone tissue scaffolds, several technologies reviewed are equally applicable to scaffolds suitable for engineering and regeneration of other tissues.


First, this article outlines the history of criminal registries and the policy debate underlying them. Next, the article defines white collar crime and identifies the unique characteristics of this type of crime. Finally, drawing from the preceding sections, the article analyzes Utah's recently enacted white collar crime registry and proposes several discrete reforms to better achieve the policy goals of criminal registries.


In an EFL setting like Taiwan, it is often difficult to provide individual oral language training due to limited human resources. Recently, several innovative commercial CALL programs (e.g., TeLLmeMore and MyET) claim that they can provide high-quality pronunciation training with their automatic speech recognition technologies. Although these programs can provide scores and feedback to individual learners, many teachers and students are not sure if the evaluations provided by these systems are fair and consistent. In this study, the consistency of evaluations provided by three different ASR programs (TeLLmeMore, MyET, and Microsoft) was examined. Four different groups of college students were asked to interact with these different ASR systems. The subjects read the same 20 sentences to each system and then received scores and feedback from these three systems. The whole interaction processes and subjects' performance and scores were recorded by Camtasia, a screen and audio capture tool. The audio files of the subjects' performance were also evaluated by two human raters. Based on the scores assigned by human raters and ASR programs, strong correlations were found between human raters and different ASR scores. Moreover, strong correlations were also found among different ASR systems. These statistical results show that automatic speech recognition technologies can indeed assign consistent scores to students at different proficiency levels. Although at this stage these ASR systems might not be suitable for high-stake tests like TOEFL or college entrance examinations, these tools can be used for pedagogical interventions and low-stake tests like placement tests or diagnostic tests.


Early identification of symptoms and accurate diagnoses are necessary for referrals to intervention programs, diagnostic conceptualization, treatment planning, recovery, pharmacotherapy decision-making, improvement in prognosis, functional capacity, and possible prevention of the emergence of full diagnostic disorders. Different symptom profiles have been shown to have more efficacious treatment approaches than others; however, differential diagnoses can be complicated when psychosis-like symptoms first start to emerge. Thus, learning how to differentiate between clinical high risk for psychosis, borderline personality disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder to determine if a singular diagnosis or multiple comorbid diagnoses are necessary to improve patient care and treatment outcomes.

 [
 Psychiatr Ann
 . 2023;53(5):204–208.]


"Your Highness Eight",composed by Wang zengqi,is about the theme of a miser.By the portrait of the character of Your Highness Eight,Wang criticizes the attitudes of apathy,selfishness and vapidity towards life,demonstrates his identification with the traditional concept of righteousness and the pursuit of beautiful human relations and beautiful human nature.


This professional report examines academic literature on needs-gaps analyses in transit planning and proposes that this methodology ignores the basic premise of transit planning which is to serve a region and respond to land uses. The report proposes identifying land use patterns in Dallas County, TX for improved transit service. The research incorporates land use into needs-gaps analyses to test the relevancy of this proposal.


Purpose: To evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma as treatment modality in various etiologies of dry eye. Materials and Methods : A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary eye care hospital on 65 eyes of 40 patients for a duration of three years, who presented with the complaints of dry eye due to various etiologies. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) was made from the patient's serum and they were advised to be instilled in topical eyedrop form six times a day. Results: The study included 29 men and 11 women. The mean age was 40yrs (34.45 (cid:6) 15.17), range 10 – 60 years. Dry eye symptoms like burning sensation, itching, dryness, blurred vision and redness were studied and were found to be significantly reduced (p=0.0001)post treatment with PRP after one month. The improvement in symptoms was most likely due to indirect reduction of inflammation. Around 30.7% eyes had improvement in visual acuity of atleast one line. The Schirmer's test also showed improvement with Schirmer values before treatment being 5.34mm (cid:6) 2.18 mm to 15.90 mm (cid:6) 7.75mm after treatment. Around 46.87% right eye and 39.9% left eye also had improvement with tear break up time more than 10 sec. Conclusion: The use of PRP eye drops for the treatment of various etiologies of dry eye was shown to be effective in reducing the symptoms of dry eye without any significant complications.


Abstract Previous research has recognized shrines in homes as sites of shared cultural memory with the function of contextualising religious narratives and bringing the sacred into the home. For Buddhists, shrines occupy a grey area between the cultural and the religious and have not been widely considered as indicators of religiosity. A quantitative study of 417 British teenagers self-identifying as Buddhists found that the 70% who had a home shrine were less likely to visit a Buddhist temple, but more likely to exhibit daily personal religious practice and to bow to parents. The attitude profile of those with shrines showed that these teenagers were generally happier at school, more collectivist, polarised regarding their identities, and strict about intoxicants. Heightened affective religiosity was linked with having a home shrine, particularly for female, late-teen, and heritage Buddhists. The article argues that, for these groups of Buddhists, a shrine represents a locus for shared memory, especially accessible to those of Sensing Psychological Types, but, for males, early teens, and converts, there is more a sense of shrines giving context to their Buddhist narratives.


The major goal of this project was to write the manual "PhytoRemediate®: Phytoremediation Decision Guide for Transportation Engineers" and the attached compact disk "PhytoRemediate®: Training Module for Transportation Engineers to assist transportation engineers and other professionals in the applicability of phytoremediation as an effective method of remediation engineering design. This guide is not a design manual, but identifies the decision-making processes necessary for successful remediation of contaminated sites using phytoremediation. A phytoremediation users' manual "Phytoremediate®: Phytoremediation Decision Guide for Transportation Engineers" was developed to assist INDOT personnel in the areas of site assessment, plant species selection, plant establishment, system optimization, evaluation of remediation progress, and long-term maintenance. "PhytoRemediate®: Training Module for Transportation Engineers" is intended to be a web-based workshop to provide the potential users with pictures, tutorials, and links to references that would be difficult to include in the user's manual.


Bulbous roots of Kansas gayfeather or liatris (Liatris spicata Wind.), tube- rose (Polianthes tuberosa L.), and Dutch iris (Iris × hollandica) were planted between Nov. 1986 and Mar. 1987. Late planting extended harvest times and resulted in highest yields and longest stem lengths for Liatris spicata and Polianthes tuberosa, but. results were cultivar-dependent with Iris × hollandica hybrids. Yield was highest for all cul- tivars of Dutch iris except 'White Bell' when bulbs were planted in December. Late planting extended harvest time but reduced yield for all cultivars except 'White Wedg- wood'. No differences due to planting time occurred after the first season for liatris and tuberose, but both species had higher yields the years after initial planting and may be left undisturbed for at least 3 years. Iris flowers were destroyed by late frosts in two successive years and longevity could not be determined. The yield and stem length were optimum for Liatris 10 to 15 days from beginning of harvest, 4 to 5 weeks for single-flowered tuberose, and 5 to 6 weeks from start of harvest for double tuberose. Stem length of tuberose increased over the seasons, regardless of cultivar. Dutch iris, Kansas gayfeather (syn. L. callilepis), and tuberose are well-established cut-flower crops- in many countries. These crops are forced under greenhouse condi- tions to meet peak consumer demands and also grown in the field under minimal pro- tection. One of the limitations to field pro- duction is the lack of control of flowering time. Many field-grown species flower only for 1 to 3 weeks, resulting in oversupply while in flower and an undersupply after flowering has terminated. Studies with Dutch iris have demonstrated the necessity of rel- atively high temperatures after lifting fol- lowed by relatively low temperatures for successful flower forcing (Rees, 1985). Ethephon has been used to reduce the per- centage of nonflowering bulbs (Durieux and Kamerbeek, 1973) and some growers use smoke from burning damp straw (Stuart et al., 1966). Tuberose production was studied by Brundell and Steenstra (1985) and re- viewed by Wilkins (1985). Tuberose is widely


Simple Summary The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) is a receptor commonly overexpressed and overactivated in a variety of cancers, including Ewing sarcoma, and promotes cell growth and survival. After promising results with targeting and inhibiting the receptor in vitro, multiple different IGF1R targeting compounds have been clinically tried but showed limited efficacy. Here we discuss several possible resistance mechanisms which could explain why IGF1R targeting fails in the clinic and discuss possible ways to overcome these resistances. Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitors are effective in preclinical studies, but so far, no convincing benefit in clinical studies has been observed, except in some rare cases of sustained response in Ewing sarcoma patients. The mechanism of resistance is unknown, but several hypotheses are proposed. In this review, multiple possible mechanisms of resistance to IGF-targeted therapies are discussed, including activated insulin signaling, pituitary-driven feedback loops through growth hormone (GH) secretion and autocrine loops. Additionally, the outcomes of clinical trials of IGF1-targeted therapies are discussed, as well as strategies to overcome the possible resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, lowering the plasma insulin levels or blocking its activity could provide an additional target in cancer therapy in combination with IGF1 inhibition. Furthermore, because Ewing sarcoma cells predominantly express the insulin receptor A (IRA) and healthy tissue insulin receptor B (IRB), it may be possible to synthesize a specific IRA inhibitor.


Informed coding and informed embedding have received considerable attention as a method of digital watermarking with side information in resent years. We designed a new type of codes called structured dirty-paper trellis in which each message is replaced by amount of alternative vectors. This method is very efficient to prevent brightness scaling. A Viterbi decoder is used in the detecting part to find out the highest correlation path. The correct message will be detected no mater how the brightness has been changed for it has no relativity with brightness. In embedding part, watermarking message is adapted by SNR. The original image is divided into several blocks which are transformed by DCT and the adaptive parameter is calculated based on SNR for each block, then watermarking components with different strength are inserted into some middle-frequency coefficients. The experimental results demonstrate that the watermarks generated with the proposed algorithm in this paper have good imperceptibility and robustness.


Notwithstanding the undisputed significance of the energy sector for the development process, there exists ample scope for disagreement on the choice of energy to be harnessed, the ownership in its generation and distribution, and the appropriateness of pricing rules. Alternatives in each case must be subjected to a rigorous scrutiny given the emerging emphasis on an environmentally sound fuel choice, a constructive public-private sector mix in energy management, and the need for non ad hoc socially correct and yet financially prudent pricing policies. Inherently relevant to all such issues is the status of efficiency of the energy sector in the economy. Indeed it is a prior question since the first task of policy should be to reduce inefficiencies even before it begins to address some of the broader issues mentioned above. _ In case of India's energy sector, electricity has come to assume increasing importance in economic planning aimed at building "and strengthening the infrastructure of the economy. Responsibility for the generation and supply of electricity rests largely with State Electricity Boards (SEBs). In this paper we address the crucial question of technical efficiency of these SEBs. Technical inefficiency is a measure of the amount by which output falls short of potential output given the input mix used. Recent advances in the estimation of production and cost functions with panel data have permitted the development of a systematic distinction between time-series and cross-sectional variations in technical efficiency. The pioneering work in this area was done by Cornwell, Schmidt, and Sickles (1990) who developed the methodology for efficient estimation of


Micronutrients are not only essential for plant growth and development but are also integral to human health. Fe and Zn deficiencies cause serious nutritional problems in human beings. Increasing the micronutrient content of grain by bio-fortification offers great potential to combat micronutrient deficiency and dramatically impact human health. To find out the most suitable and profitable method of bio-fortification in aromatic rice with Zinc and Iron, a field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at the Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur. The experiment was laid out with Randomized Complete Block Design with treatments comprising of soil and foliar application of Fe and Zn from organic and inorganic sources. Soil application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 each @ 25 kg ha -1 along with RDF recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers hill -1 , leaf area index and dry matter accumulation, highest grain yield (41.30 q ha -1 ), straw yield (59.05 q ha -1 ), net return (65698 Rs. ha -1 ) compared to control. RDF along with foliar application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 each @ 0.5% at 25 DAT and 1 week after flowering showed similar results as that with soil application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 each @ 25 kg ha -1 along with RDF with respect to growth, yield and economics of aromatic rice. Foliar application of Zinc & Iron through inorganic sources resulted into better biofortification. T4 (RDF + 2 FS of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 25 DAT & 1 week after flowering) recorded higher Zn content in grain (35.74 mg kg -1 ) and straw (37.93 mg kg -1 ) while T6 (RDF + 2 FS 0.5% FeSO4 at 25 DAT & 1 week after flowering) recorded higher Fe content in grain (74.26 mg kg -1 ) and straw (193.52 mg kg -1 ) followed by T8 (RDF + 2 FS of 0.5% ZnSO4& 2 FS of 0.5% FeS04 each at 25 DAT & 1 week after flowering). K e y w o r d s


This paper analyzes the vulnerable groups of the information times, expounds some problems actually existing in library's service for the vulnerable groups, and puts forward some measures for implementing the humanistic benevolence for the vulnerable groups.


It wae shown that chaos suppression in a chain of diecrete phase-locked loops can occur through the change of symmetry coupling: (i) through the change of boundary Conditions and (ii) through the change ofthe isotropy of coupling.


Industry 4.0 paradigm is a reality in the digitization of industrial processes and physical assets, as well as their integration into digital ecosystems with several suppliers of the value chain. In particular, Industry 4.0 is the technological evolution of embedded systems applied to Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). With this, a shift from the current paradigm of centralization to a more decentralized production, supported by Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), is implied. The work reported in this paper focuses on the development of smart devices (SmartBoxes), based on low-cost hardware such as Raspberry Pi and also platforms certified for industrial applications, such as NI CompactRIO. Both platforms adopted the OPC-UA architecture to collect data from the shop-floor and convert it into OPC-UA Data Access standard for further integration in the proposed CPPS. Tests were also performed with the MQTT protocol for monitorization. Each SmartBox is capable of real-time applications that run on OPC-UA and MQTT, allowing easy interaction between supervisory systems and physical assets.


In this paper, the relations between ice resistance, ship speed and ship motions are investigated with a numerical model simulating the icebreaking process with ship's motions in 6 degrees of freedom (DOF). The coupled motions of ship are considered in all 6 DOF together with the corresponding environmental forces. The coupling between ship's movement and the breaking of ice is solved step by step with the update of ice edge geometry and ship's kinematics variables. Time series of global ice loads (forces and moments) and ship motions are obtained correspondingly. The effect of ship's vertical motions is studied by comparing results between reduced-order-models and the 6-DOF model with hull speeds and ice thickness being parameters. The numerical model was validated with the Swedish icebreaker Tor Viking II in previous works, and this vessel is used in this paper too as the physical prototype of the case study. Results are compared to full scale data as well as Lindqvist's empirical formula.


In many studies, engagement has been considered as an important aspect of effective learning. Retaining student engagement is thus an important goal in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). My current studies with collaborators on Dynamic Support of Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition for Reading (DSCoVAR) include building prediction models for students' off-task behaviors. By extracting linguistically meaningful features and historical context information from interaction log data, these studies illustrate how some types of off-task behavior can be modeled from behavioral logs. The results of this research contribute to existing studies by providing examples of how to extract behavioral measures and predict off-task behaviors within a vocabulary learning system. Identifying off-task behaviors can improve students' learning by providing personalized learning materials: for example, off-task behavior classifiers can be used to achieve more accurate predictions of the student's vocabulary mastery level, which in turn can improve the system's adaptive performance. Toward our goal of developing highly effective personalized vocabulary learning systems, this research would benefit from expert feedback on issues that include: principled approaches for adaptive assessment and feedback in a vocabulary learning system; and alternative methods for defining and generating off-task labels.


Rarely have missiologists explored the overlapping space where community development work intersects the formation and multiplication of new, vibrant churches in 'least reached' settings. Drawing on professional practice and field experience in both community development and missiology the authors propose initial expressions of a missiology that explores this intersection, identifying key principles appropriate for this space. Understanding the Kingdom of God is foundational; understanding how people enter it deeply affects how we go about ministry. Ethical and professional concerns as well as demands for transparency cause us to avoid any hint of coercion or utilitarian approaches that would create a 'platform' of community development work merely as a base to accomplish a different goal. At the same time, the love and professional skill of community development workers may help open doors and win a hearing for the gospel among the least reached.


In this paper, we revise the relative radiometric calibration of synthetic-aperture-radar stacks which exploits natural persistent scatterers (PSs). We introduce a new model to estimate a slight error in the sensor pointing in elevation and a new coherent method that makes use of phases evaluated by averaging the complex data on the local window. We show that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional one, as it is mostly insensitive to the "differential" biasing that affects the noncoherent permanent scatterer calibration (PScal). Results from processing COnstellation of small Satellites for the Mediterranean basin Observation (COSMO)-SkyMed and European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellites stacks are presented.


BACKGROUND: Distinct metastatic prostate cancer lesions within the same patient can show a range of responses to targeted therapy. These variations in response present a challenge for the interpretation of predictive biomarkers derived from a single lesion. The influence of tumor evolution on how lesions respond to Androgen Signaling Inhibitor (ASI) or PARP inhibitor therapy has been difficulty to study, because few autopsy studies have been performed in heavily treated patients with DNA repair defects. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed an autopsy cohort of 54 tumors from six men with DNA repair-deficient metastatic prostate cancer using whole genome, exome, and targeted DNA sequencing as well as RNA-sequencing. Observations were validated in an independent cohort of 135 mCRPC biopsies with whole genome and transcriptome sequencing. To automate the analysis of mutations conferring resistance to PARP inhibitor therapy, we developed a tool (AARDVARK) that detects and annotates PARP inhibitor resistance mutations. RESULTS: Patients harboring germline inactivation of the DNA repair gene BRCA2 showed consistent BRCA2 biallelic inactivation, while somatic BRCA2 inactivation was not always associated with biallelic deletion and genomic scars of DNA repair inactivation. AARDVARK identified numerous identical resistance mutations in physically distinct tumors in the same individual, consistent with dissemination of these mutations prior to later targeted therapy. We identified DNA structural variations linked to extra-chromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in 52% of mCRPC biopsies, and ecDNA amplified an oncogene 28% of the time. Extensive heterogeneity of structural variants was present at the Androgen Receptor locus, which was the most frequent target of ecDNA amplification (15% of tumors). Cyclins CCND1 and CCNE1 were amplified in 3% of cases, and a long tail of oncogenes were also targeted. Phylogenetic analysis was consistent with AR amplification by ecDNA in response to both androgen deprivation therapy and second-generation ASI. The presence of ecDNA was significantly associated with overall genomic instability, aneuploidy, whole genome doubling, chromothripsis, and with inactivating PTEN alterations. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that mCRPC lesions continue to evolve on therapy, and their varied responses can be influenced by shared genetic backgrounds. Oncogene amplification by ecDNA is common in mCRPC, particularly at the AR locus, and is linked to genomic instability. Alterations conferring resistance to ASI and PARP inhibitor therapy can be present in individual lesions before metastatic dissemination, and the evolutionary history of tumors plays an important role in their tumor response to targeted therapy.
 Citation Format: Thaidy Moreno, Meng Zhang, Arian Lundberg, Raunak Shrestha, Martin Sjöström, Anu Pasam, Adam Foye, Anna Trigos, Felix Feng, Shahneen Sandhu, David A. Quigley. Convergent evolution in DNA repair-deficient mCRPC in response to targeted therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR003.


The progress on the basic composition, categories of dopants, preparation process, properties and main application of low voltage varistors (ZnO system), the capacitance-voltage double function varistors (SrTiO3 system, TiO2 system) and the novel varistors (WO3 system) at home and abroad are reviewed. The problems in research and production of low voltage varistors are discussed. In addition, the tendency of the development is forecasted.


The hydraulic properties of domestic natural clay/crushed rock mixture suggested as a candidate backfill material for the low and intermediate level waste repository were investigated. The dry density-water content relationship was studied to define an optimum water content that gives a maximum attainable dry density at constant compaction pressure. The hydraulic conductivities of clay/crushed rock mixture as a function of clay content were also measured. As the clay content decreased, the maximum attainable dry density increased and the optimum water content became more distinct. However the attainable density is not significantly sensitive to water content. The hydraulic conductivities of the mixture increased from 5 10 m/s to 7 10 m/s with clay content decreasing from 100 wt.% to 25 wt.% at dry density of 1.2 Mg/㎥. In case of dry density of 1.5 Mg/㎥, they maintain the lower values of 5 10 m/s even at 25 wt.% clay content. The concept of effective clay dry density was suggested to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the mixture. It was shown that the effective clay dry density concept can explain welt the hydraulic conductivities of the mixtures with various dry density and crushed rock content.


Nurse leaders have long puzzled over methods of predicting turnover of staff nurses. Using current linear models has not consistently produced accurate yet simple forecasts of leavers, as factors influencing a nurse's potential to leave are many and varied. Some studies reported as many as 20 variables without providing a highly accurate model for prediction. An easyto-use, easy-to-understand model would provide the predictability needed to alleviate turnover in a time of unprecedented nursing shortage.


Shape characterization of small pulmonary nodules plays a significant role in differential diagnosis that discriminates malignant and benign nodules at early stages of pulmonary lesion development. This paper presents a method to characterize small pulmonary nodules based on the morphology of the development of lung lesions in thin-section CT images. The feature extraction algorithms are designed to extract the shape characteristic parameters from three-dimensional (3-D) nodule images using surface curvatures and ridge line. Experiments which show the feasibility of our method to improve the diagnostic accuracy are also demonstrated by applying the method to nodule images.


A novel method of transformation of HOCH 2 group to FCH 2 was successfully applied to the preparation of fluorine-containing pyrimidine acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (FPMP compounds) such as ( S )- and ( R )-1-[3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine ( 7a , 7b ) (FPMPT). The key displacement of hydroxy group with fluorine in 1-{2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)- methoxy]-3-hydroxypropyl}-4-methoxy-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1 H )-one ( 5a , 5b ) was performed using perfluorobutane-1-sulfonyl fluoride in the presence of DBU. Novel pyrimidine acyclic nucleoside phosphonates were investigated as inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase.


Can small search costs that constrain information acquisition and monitoring across the administrative hierarchy provide a substantive explanation for poor bureaucratic performance in the developing world? In collaboration with the Indian Ministry of Rural Development and the state of Madhya Pradesh, we conducted a field experiment in which a random sample of bureaucrats were given access to an internetand mobile-based management and monitoring platform for wage payments associated with a workfare program. The platform did not make new information available, but lowered costs of accessing information about the status of wage bills and officers who needed to take action. Our experiment also randomly varied which level of the administrative hierarchy had e-platform access. Lower costs of information acquisition reduce payment processing time by up to 22 percent. We document the importance of informed managerial oversight in multiple ways. First, using detailed usage data, we show payment delays decrease only when search costs are reduced at both intermediate and senior management levels. In addition, usage rates at the intermediate management level are much higher when senior management also has e-platform access. Second, using data from two months when data outages reduced information available on the platform, we show that simply having better information on which employees are responsible for different activities and increased ease of contacting them did not improve performance as measured by payment delays. ∗The authors are from Evidence for Policy Design (Dodge and Troyer Moore), Brown University (Neggers), and Harvard University (Pande). We thank Kartikeya Batra for field work and research assistance, and the J-PAL Governance Initiative and Gates Foundation for financial support.


30% of adults in the United States take n‐3 supplements. Dietary lipids, including n‐3 fatty acids, alter an individual's risk for developing inflammatory bowel disease. However, the effect of dietary n‐3 on gut bacterial populations is poorly described. To determine if dietary fish oil alters gut‐associated bacterial populations, colitis‐prone mice were fed diets containing soybean oil (CON), menhaden fish oil (MO), docosahexaenoic acid‐rich fish oil (DFO) or eicosapentaenoic acid‐rich fish oil (EFO) for five weeks. Cecal and colon inflammation and dysplasia were scored. To identify bacteria, the V3‐V5 variable regions in the 16S rRNA gene were amplified from cecal content DNA. Amplicons were sequenced by 454 and data was processed with mothur. DFO mice had similar amounts of Firmicutes and tended to have more Bacteroidetes than CON or MO mice. The increased abundance of Bacteroidetes in DFO mice was driven by the family Porphyromonadaceae. Porphyromonadaceae abundance was highest in DFO mice with intestinal inflammation and lowest in CON mice with little intestinal inflammation. This difference was due to increased abundance of members of the genus Parabacteroides in DFO mice with intestinal inflammation. Diet‐induced changes in cecal bacteria prior to bacterial infection may explain the exacerbation of bacterially‐induced inflammatory colitis in mice fed DFO.


Affine image matching is a computational problem to determine for two given images A and B how much an affine transformated A can resemble B. The research in combinatorial pattern matching led to a polynomial time algorithm which solves this problem by a sophisticated search in the set D(A) of all affine transformations of A. This paper shows that polynomial time is not the lowest complexity class containing this problem by providing its TC0-completeness. This result means not only that there are extremely efficient parallel solutions but also reveals further insight into the structural properties of image matching. The completeness in TC0 relates affine image matching to a number of most basic problems in computer science, like integer multiplication and division.


Cotoneaster pannosus ( Rosaceae ), an ornamental shrub native to China, is reported for the first time in Tarragona Province (Catalonia, Spain). Data on demography and accompanying species for the new locality are provided, in addition to a chrorological update at nation level.


This article aims to discuss the methodological issues within a situated approach raised by the transcription of the communication between two participants together and a "machine". This reflexion is supported by fragments from a multi-situated research involving observation of the design of digital resource for learning Latin. The decisions of the researcher in a reflexive modality are questionned with regards to the graphical representation of the transcription system and the turn-taking system as a relevant unit. A fragment transcribed in two different way is presented.


As clinical outcomes for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer continue to improve, pa- tients and physicians are increasing making treatment decisions based on concerns regarding long- term morbidity. A primary concern is late radiation proctitis, a clinical entity embodied by various signs and symptoms, ranging from diarrhea to rectal fistulas. Here, we present a comprehensive literature review examining the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of late radiation proc- titis after low-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT), as well as its incidence and predictors. The long-term risks of rectal bleeding after BTare on the order of 5e7%, whereas the risks of severe ulceration or fistula are on the order of 0.6%. The most robust predictor appears to be the volume of rectum receiving the prescription dose. In certain situations (e.g., salvage setting, for patients with increased radiosensitivity, and following aggressive biopsy after BT), the risk of these severe tox- icities may be increased by up to 10-fold. Avariety of excellent management options exist for rectal bleeding, with endoscopic methods being the most commonly used. 2015 American Brachyther-


Bank acts as intermediary institutions channeling public funds to companies
or individuals who need financing. Bank profits derived from the difference of
interest income and other non-operational income (fee-based income). With the
function and role of the banking industry into an attractive industry for investors,
therefore, required an analysis of companies in the banking industry that may be
information for investors to invest in the banking industry. The purpose of this
study is to provide an analysis of the fair value of PT Bank CIMB Niaga using
Free Cashflow To Equity Method and Relative Valuation.
Analyses were performed by means of qualitative analysis and quantitative
analysis. Qualitative analysis performed by covering the top down analysis of
macroeconomic analysis, industry analysis and company analysis of PT Bank
CIMB Niaga. Quantitative analysis performed by calculating the fair value of PT
Bank CIMB Niaga using Free Cashflow To Equity method and Relative
Valuation. With the two analytical approaches is expected to provide a thorough
analysis for investors.
The study of macro-economic analysis suggests that Indonesia's economy
has a fairly good resistance from external economics pressure. Industry analysis
suggests that the banking industry has good potential growth and in the same time
has enough challenges such as high operating expenses ratio. PT Bank CIMB
Niaga has a pretty good performance in the last five years, with net profit growth
above the industry average post-merger gives a pretty good for the company.
Based on the calculation of the fair value, PT Bank CIMB Niaga fair value is
Rp4.847,74. Therefore the shares of PT Bank CIMB Niaga considered
undervalued by the market. It is also supported by the ratio of PER (Price To
Earning Ratio) PT Bank CIMB Niaga which reflects that the company is
considered undervalued by the market.


We establish [square root]n-consistency and asymptotic normality of Han's (1987a, Journal of Econometrics 35, 191–209) estimator of the parameters characterizing the transformation function in a semiparametric transformation model. We verify a Vapnik–Cervonenkis (VC) condition for the parameterizations of Box and Cox (1964, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34, 187–200) and Bickel and Doksum (1981, Journal of the American Statistical Association 76, 296–311). The verification establishes the VC property for a class of sets generated by a nonlinear function of the transformation parameters. We also introduce a new class of rank estimators for these parameters. These estimators require only O(n2 logn) computations to evaluate the criterion function, compared to O(n4) computations for Han's estimator. We prove that these estimators are also [square root]n-consistent and asymptotically normal. A simulation study compares two of the new estimators to Han's estimator, the fully parametric estimator of Bickel and Doksum (1981), and the nonlinear two-stage least squares estimator of Amemiya and Powell (1981, Journal of Econometrics 17, 351–381).


Blackpoint is characterised by a brown to black discoloration of wheat kernels and occurs in all the major wheat growing regions of the world. This disease is caused primarily by either Alternaria alternata or Bipolaris sorokiniana. Subproducts from diseased durum grains contain undesirable black specks that cause downgrading on the quality. From trials in 5 locations of southern Buenos Aires Province, samples of wheat grains were analysed to determine the effect of cultivar and location on the natural incidence of blackpoint and to identify the organisms associated with the disease. Incidence (% of discoloured grains) was recorded on samples of 200 kernels per treatment and seed health testing was carried out using the "blotter test" method. A. alternata was found in most of the samples analysed, followed by B. sorokiniana, the latter showing very low infection levels. Other organisms were also found. Disease incidence differed between years and locations and none of the cultivars was completely free of ...


Main factors of student interaction with the elements of informational educational space, affecting the health care of the student and contribute to the avoidance of negative influences on personality development are revealed. The main groups of hygiene, psychological and ergonomic requirements for tools and resources based on information technology are separated. The principles of human visual perception of information are described. The main groups of ergonomic factors that affect perception such as: use of color, spatial placement, increased attention and aesthetic factors are proved.


In this research paper the author introduces the notion of i-v fuzzy multigraph. The classical Dijkstra's algorithmic rule to search out the shortest path in graphs isn't applicable to fuzzy graph theory. Consequently the author proposes a brand new algorithmic rule referred to as by IVF-Dijkstra's algorithmic rule with the philosophy of the classical Dijkstra's formula to unravel the SPP in an i-v fuzzy multigraph keywords: i-v fuzzy number, IVFSPA, IVF-Dijkstra's


"PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF PROPYLENE AND A A C hexene CHAINS FROM ~ 4 ~ olefin." A fraction of 3 ~ C ~ C ~ 6 ~ a hydrocarbon cracking unit is processed for conversion of olefins into propylene and hexene by autometatese. The autometatese a mixed n-butenes feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst operates without any ethylene in the feedstock mixture in the metathesis reactor. A fraction of 2-butene feedstock may be isomerized to 1-butene and 1-butene formed plus the 1-butene in the feedstock react rapidly with the 2-butene to form propylene and 2-pentene. The reactor feedstock also includes the recycle of the 2-pentene formed in the reactor with unreacted butenes to simultaneously form additional propylene and hexene. In one embodiment, part of the 3-hexene formed in the reaction, or all of it, is isomerized to 1-hexene. In another embodiment, a portion of the hexene-3 produced in the main metathesis reaction is reacted with ethylene to produce butene-1 without superfracionamento. In another embodiment, the 3-hexene produced is hydrogenated and recycled back to the cracking heaters.


The paper is a finding of a study of the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed Library and Information services totally worldwide. The Internet has provided universal access to information. The study shows that researchers use a variety of ICT products and services for their research work as these products prove very helpful in finding needed information fast and easily and also help the researchers to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, and communicate information more simply. The paper justifies the proper computer training and guidance for use of ICT-based technologies will made optimum utilization of these services by the users.


The negotiations in the Uruguay Round reached Agreements on Agriculture characteristic of free trade, which exerts certain constraint on domestic support. However, the divergences of the interest cliques and complicate supporting policies shadow the multilateral negotiations on agricultural trade. The paper first makes analyses of the divergences and political positions of the " Domestic Support " in EU and the U.S.A. as well as other interesting cliques influencing the agricultural negotiations in the Doha Round and then it discusses the causes conscerned together with possible progress of the relevant negotiations.


The production technology of PTT staple is the same as that of PET staple.The technology parameters need to be adjusted are the chip drying temperature should less than 165 ℃,the drying time is 4 h,the charging temperature is 235~253 ℃,the spinneret extrusion output should reduce 20%~30%,the cooling temperature is 8~25 ℃,the winding speed is 900~1 250 m/min, the thread-line enter in the can should cool to 25~30 ℃,the storage temperature should less than 25~30 ℃,the collection total denier is 60% of PET,the preheating before drawing should less than 25 ℃,the first drawing water temperature is 60 ℃,the second drawing water temperature is 80~100 ℃,the crimping box temperature is over 85 ℃,the pressure is 0.3 MPa.


In this paper, we study the numerical method for solving second-order fuzzy differential equations using Adomian method under strongly generalized differentiability. And, we present an example with initial condition having four different solutions to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method under strongly generalized differentiability. Keywords—Fuzzy-valued function, Fuzzy initial value problem, Strongly generalized differentiability, Adomian decomposition method


Understanding how the surface energy budget and evaporation over inland waters respond to climate change and variability remains limited. Here we report 2 year measurements of the surface energy budget using the eddy covariance method over Ross Barnett Reservoir, Mississippi, USA, for 2008 and 2009. Annual mean sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes in 2008 were 9.5%, and 10.0% greater than in 2009, respectively. Most of the interannual variations in the surface energy fluxes and meteorological variables primarily occurred in the cool seasons from October to March, which was enhanced by frequent large wind events associated with cold front passages. These large wind events greatly promoted H and LE exchange and produced H and LE pulses that increased variations in H and LE between these two cool seasons. In the warm seasons from April to September, H and LE pulses were also present, which largely increased variations in LE and dampened those in H between the two warm seasons. The H and LE pulses contributed to approximately 50% of the annual H and 28% of the annual LE, although they only covered about 16% of the entire year. The interannual variations in H and LE pulses contributed to about 78% of the interannual variations in H and 40% of those in LE. Our results imply that the increased interannual variability in cold front activities as a result of climate change would amplify interannual variations in the evaporation and the surface energy exchange over inland waters in this region.


Instrument transformers suffer from weak nonlinearities, which may have a significant impact on harmonic measurements. Therefore, their detailed characterization should be based on a nonlinear model instead of a mere measurement of the frequency response function. Starting from this assumption, this article compares different models that can be employed to represent the behavior of voltage transformers (VTs): simplified Volterra models, frequency transfer matrixes (FTMs), and spectral linearization approximation; an inductive VT has been considered as a case study. The results highlight that the FTM approach is significantly affected by the range of variation of the fundamental component, while remarkable accuracy can be reached with the spectral linearization approximation at the expense of complexity. On the other hand, simplified Volterra models allow obtaining an effective tradeoff between the achieved accuracy and the number of coefficients.


Hopanoids are pentacyclic triterpenoids which are believed to act as reinforcers of membranes in certain prokaryotic microorganisms. A rapid and sensitive method for their screening in bacteria was elaborated, involving extraction of nonsaponifiable lipids and the analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, selectively monitoring the ion of m/z = 191. Using the method, hopanoids were detected in strains of Acetobacter pasteurianus, but were found to be absent in lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp.) and in food-contaminating bacteria (Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., Yersinia spp. and others).


Abstract : Progress on the two major objectives of this contract were made during this year. One lot of capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis vaccine was tested for protective capacity in mice and found to function to induce a protective response. One human volunteer was immunized without adverse reactions occurring and the immunogenicity will be assessed. On the second specific aim, major progress was made in producing a specific T cell factor by cloning lymphocytes in vitro to produce the protective lymphokine. A small molecular weight antigen specific factor has been produced from hybridoma clones. This factor is of T cell origin and protects mice against experimental infection with Bacteroides fragilis. Keywords: Wounds; Infections.


2 INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND OF THE EBOLA OUTBREAK 7 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EBOLA AND THE 2014 OUTBREAK 7 THE MOVEMENT OF DISEASE 10 FRAMING DISEASE IN PUBLIC POLICY 12 CHAPTER TWO: EMPLOYING A HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED FRAMEWORK 16 HEALTH AS A HUMAN RIGHT: INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL 16 THE MORAL IMPORTANCE OF GOOD HEALTH 18 THE DUTY OF THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY 22 CHAPTER 3: EMPLOYING A SECURITY FRAMEWORK FOR DISEASE 30 THE RATIONALE FOR THE SECURITIZATION OF HEALTH 31 THE SHORTCOMINGS OF THE SECURITIZATION FRAMEWORK 35 STATE INSULATION AND ISOLATION 37 'DREADED DISEASES' AND THE IGNORANCE OF DISEASE BURDEN 40 'IN THE NAME OF SECURITY': THE ENCROACHMENT ON HUMAN RIGHTS 44 CONCLUSION 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY 55 Noelle Jaipaul In Isolation No More


In this paper, we show that the discrete GI/G/1 system can be analysed as a QBD process with infinite blocks. Most importantly, we show that Matrix–geometric method can be used for analyzing this general queue system including establishing its stability criterion and for obtaining the explicit stationary probability and the waiting time distributions. This also settles the unwritten myth that Matrix–geometric method is limited to cases with at least one Markov based characterizing parameter, i.e. either interarrival or service times, in the case of queueing systems.


One of the main objectives of scientific work is the analysis of complex phenomena in order to reveal the underlying structures and to explain them by means of elementary rules which are easily understood. In this paper we study how the well-known process of triangle mesh subdivision can be expressed in terms of the simplest mesh modification, namely the vertex split. Although this basic operation is capable of reproducing all common subdivision schemes if applied in the correct manner, we focus on Butterfly subdivision only for the purpose of perspicuity. Our observations lead to an obvious representation of subdivision meshes as selectively refined progressive meshes, making them most applicable to view-dependent level-of-detail rendering.


Healthy diet and lifestyle are especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, more and more people of all age groups are getting involved into various sports and healthy diets. These factors have boosted the development of the sports nutrition industry. The current situation requires detailed studies of consumer preferences and digital marketing communications. The present research objective was to identify the role of digital marketing communications in sports nutrition.
The study featured the consumer preferences in the market of sports nutrition and included an on-line survey of 500 residents of the Kuzbass Region engaged in various sports. The obtained results underwent statistical, economic, and graphic analyses.
Men aged 18–29 appeared to be the main consumers of sports nutrition in Kuzbass. Most of them (90%) relied on the competent advice from the seller or coach and purchased sports foods in specialized shops or online. The target audience of sports nutrition consumers is expanding, which requires new promotion means. Digital marketing tools proved extremely effective as they bring information to the target audience in a tailored manner via social nets or influential bloggers.
The article contains some recommendations for producers and sellers of sports foods based on the requirements of the main target consumers and their preferences regarding the place of purchase, content, communication channels, etc. The priority is shifting from traditional marketing communication channels to digital ones, i.e. contextual, targeted, and viral advertising, social media promotion, consultations with a shop assistant or a fitness club coach, direct online marketing, sponsorship of various sports events, joint online promotions with fitness club, etc.


With the continuous development of economy in China, numerical control technology has been rapid development. At present, the demands of qualified personnel on numerical control technology are great, the popularization of numerical control technology is increasingly fierce. Furthermore, Ministry of Education explicitly identified that numerical control technology is one of the urgent-needed professionals in our country, thus, it is of great significance to cultivate application-oriented talents on numerical control technology. Considering the present situation of cultivation mode in universities and the level of kinds of universities, three training targets for application-oriented talents on numerical control technology, and hierarchical division of training methods were proposed, the demands of enterprises on NC talents, and the orientation of training NC talents in colleges and universities, the specific characteristics of application-oriented numerical control talents were analyzed. In particular, the cultivation mode for application-oriented talents on numerical control technology of ordinary colleges and universities was discussed.


The magnet control system has been designed for the 1.8-GeV positron storage ring at Tohoku-Synchrotron Radiation Facility (TSRF). TSRF is a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility planned to be constructed at Tohoku University. The control system is comprised of Linux clients/servers and FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) high speed network. Linux PCs are employed to provide process control and user interface implemented in Java. The FDDI provides a token-passing, dual-ring LAN using a fiber-optic link suitable for exchanging control data reliably. The design of the control system for the magnet at TSRF is discussed.


Simple and sensitive batch and FIA-spectrophotometric methods for determination of L- arginine in grape juice samples from different origins, these methods were based on oxidation – condensation of L – arginine with a – naphthol and urea in presence of sodium hydroxide as a medium for amino acid reaction.Ared color developed when adding sodium hypobromite as oxidizing agent for amino acid. The colored productwas soluble in water and stable for more than 1 hour and the absorbtion was measured at a maximum absorbance at 501 nm. A graphs of peak height versus concentration show that Beer, s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 1 – 45 and 3 – 1400 µg.ml-1 of arginine with detection limits of 0.468 and 0.12 µg. ml -1 of arginine for batch and FIAmethods respectively. The optimized FIA procedure sample with a throughput of 45 sample / hour. All different chemical and physical experimental conditions affecting on the development and stability of the colored product were studied and the proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of arginine in grape juice samples.


We give a survey of the theory of finite quantum groupoids (weak Hopf algebras), including foundations of the theory and applications to finite depth subfactors, dynamical deformations of quantum groups, and invariants of knots and 3-manifolds.


This article explains and extends semialgebraic homotopy theory (developed by H. Delfs and M. Knebusch) to o-minimal homotopy theory (over a field). The homotopy category of definable CW-complexes is equivalent to the homotopy category of topological CW-complexes (with continuous mappings). If the theory of the o-minimal expansion of a field is bounded, then these categories are equivalent to the homotopy category of weakly definable spaces. Similar facts hold for decreasing systems of spaces. As a result, generalized homology and cohomology theories on pointed weak polytopes uniquely correspond (up to an isomorphism) to the known topological generalized homology and cohomology theories on pointed CW-complexes.


The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of emotional intelligence on the level of accounting comprehension and to examine the difference of emotional intelligence, accounting comprehension between male and female accounting students. Emotional intelligence is measured by five components which is self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills, while accounting comprehension is measured by accounting subject grade, consist of accounting principles, intermediate accounting, advanced financial accounting, auditing and accounting theory. This research used questionnaire in likert scale. Sampling method in this research using purposive sampling. Linier analysis and t-test independent are used as a data analysis technique. The results of the analysis show that emotional intelligence has an effect on accounting comprehension, and there is no difference of emotional intelligence and a difference of accounting comprehension between male and female students. This research only using emotional intelligence in measuring accounting comprehension and there is a different number of male and female respondents. The future research may added more variable such as learning behavior and students habits in preparing exam.


This 2002 feature is a masterpiece of our genre. On one level, the story examines how a young man called Allan told on Danish radio how he confronted his father at his 60th birthday celebration with the devastating fact that the father had abused him and his twin sister as children. But Allan's story is also the subject of the successful Danish film The Celebration by Thomas Vinterberg, part of the Dogma Film Group founded by Lars von Trier. The feature's title, Efter Festen, (After the Celebration) is ambiguous in Danish, the Danish word 'efter' being translatable as either 'after' or 'based on'. So knowing that The Celebration is the title of the fictional film, emphasises the referential and literary quality of the material being treated. What is narrative and what is reality? Lisbeth Jessen spent almost two years looking for the 'real Allan'. But the most interesting aspect of this fascinating multi-layered story is how Lisbeth tells the story – the dramaturgy. Even if Lisbeththeauthor sometimes knows more than both Lisbeth-the-journalist and Lisbeththe-narrator, she nevertheless structures the feature very cleverly so as to let us in on her thoughts on the events. Lisbeth Jessen produces this as a classic three-act drama, an intimate piece of theatre with just four protagonists: Allan, Thomas Vinterberg, Kjeld Koplev (the radio presenter) and herself as the journalist with a quest but also as the reflecting narrator, (talking to the audience). It is this concentration on the essential that makes this feature so strong and impressive. As a narrator she is in search of truth, but as an author she believes in the power of narrative. This story is about family secrets, about a childhood trauma and its psychological effects. She believes every narrative follows its own logic and most of all it is already an interpretation of reality. It ends as it began, with Allan's story, which leaves many questions unanswered, and which holds a mirror up to us. AUDIO (in Danish) here: starts at 2.26. SCRIPT (English) here:


by many to tlhose acute attacks of obstructive cholec-stitis wliich are apt to supervene wlhen a gall-stone becomes in-iacted in thle cystic duct or the neck of the gall-bladder. AMany yeas-s ago Moynihain drew attention to a gro'Up of syniptomiiS whiclh he termed the inaugural symp)toms of g-allstosnes. These svmptomis-flatulence, nausea, epigastric discomfort, etc.-fie showed were frequently lpresent for a long per iod before attacks of colic proclaimed in classical tei-ms the plresence of one or more calculi. We now kntow that these inaugural symptoms are those of chronic cholecystitis, wlich may or may lnot go oni to stone forniation. Gall-stones are so comloii, so many people harbour them for v-eas-s and die with tlhem, witlhouit apparently suffer'ing any ver y seriouis trouble, that manvy medical men are inclined to regard lightly such evidence of biliarx disease, and to encourage an expectant attitulde unless intolerable attacks of colic render a patient's life a bhii-deni. The snore I see of biliary (lisease, the more convinced I become that it is practicailly never hiarmless, and that, after years of bearable discomfort, manyl)atients eventually suiecumnb from disease which is either dilectly om. indirectlv due to long-standing bilias y infection. This is particulalrv ti-ue of patieiits in comfo-itable financial circuimstanices, for


Abstract Luminescence of Mn2+ in A sites in natural and synthetic MgAl2O4 spinel has been studied. In the near perfect structure of the natural crystals the degenerate levels of the Mn2+ are splitted due to a symmetry lower than tetrahedral. In synthetic crystals the structure of the spectra is lost as a consequence of the superposition of partial spectra related to Mn2+ ions perturbed by the cationic disorder of the lattice. Thermal annealing modifies the spectra of natural crystals making them similar to those of the synthetic ones due to an order-disorder transition.


The invention relates to an in vitro culture device, which can simulate intestinal flora for intestinal and continuous flow, comprising a temperature control system of a fermentation tank, an automatic fresh culture medium feeding and a waste liquid output system and a safeguard system for an environment required by the growth of the intestinal flora; the fermentation tank that is connected with a constant temperature water bath cauldron and a micro submersible and is provided with a water bath clamp ferrule is designed; the culture medium can continuously flow into while the waste liquid can continuously flow out the system through the connection of a peristaltic pump; an anaerobic environment, pH scope and nutrient conditions are reached by inputting nitrogen and a pH controller. The human intestinal flora culture device successfully constructed in the invention is characterized by low cost, easy use and simple operation. Besides, the human intestinal flora can grow stably upon inspection and the comparability of the structure of the intestinal flora is up to 80 percent or more compared with the intestinal flora before the culture. Therefore, the invention is applicable to the safety evaluation and research of the influence to the human intestinal flora caused by antibacterial residues, and the invention is also applicable to the function evaluation of nutrient substances and function and safety evaluation and research of medicines and foods.


High biological activity of probiotik «Apinik», preparation of «Mikrovitam» and their forms of compositions, recommendations allows them in beekeeping as dissimulation, possessing the wide spectrum of action, in the period of spring growth and development, in particular case families of bees in the conditions of the Yaroslavl area.


It is well known that governmental audit is a prerequisite for economic, efficient and effectiveness spending public money. In that sense, national Supreme audit institutions have an important role and accountability. This paper considers several important topics about the accountability of governmental audit. The main goal of this research is to define and test main areas of national Supreme audit institutions' accountability. Paper shows that most of the EU countries ensure accountability of Supreme audit
institution (SAI) using several mechanisms and here are presented these mechanisms and theirs main features. Authors test whether accountability of SAI is connected to the organisational type of SAI and the results shows that
there is not the strong relationship between the SAI's organisational status and its accountability. Further, most of SAIs in the EU has financial and functional independence. SAIs prepare theirs draft annual budget of their own but, in most of the countries, Parliaments approve this budget. SAI's budget is a part of national budget. Results show that the most of SAIs in the EU can expend resources budged independently, as well. SAIs in the EU have functional independence in recruitment of their staff and in forming working plan. One part of the article considers state of independence and accountability of Croatian supreme audit institution in the comparison with the EU countries. Considering that Croatia is the EU candidate country, this
comparison is the source of information of possible changes in the field of independence and accountability of Croatian national audit office. Also, this is a good overview for other non EU countries. Authors use several scientific
research methods. Comparative method is used during comparison of 27 EU SAIs. Analysing some parts of governmental audit authors use an analysis method. Induction method is important in considering information about the
countries and setting general conclusions about governmental audit in the EU; generalizing the observed behaviour and creating opinion about the possible changes of SAI in Croatia after its entry in the EU.


The present invention provides a kind of preparation process of medical super hydrophobic polymer membrane. The preparation process includes the first preparation of alumina template, the subsequent painting the medical polymer slurry onto the surface of the alumina template and evaporating solution in the polymer slurry to age the medical polymer, and final dissolving the alumina template with proper solvent to obtain single medical polymer membrane, washing and drying. The medical polymer membrane thus prepared has super hydrophobicity and may be used to raise anticoagulant property.


Mental health difficulties in adolescence have an eternal impact, that does not only affect later adult mental health, but also impacts physical wellbeing, educational accomplishment, and workforce participation and contentment.¾ of mental health problems start before the early 20s (Kessler et al, 2014). The stage of adolescence, the most important stage in human development is different from other developmental stages marked by challenges and transitions. Self-regulation may be related to mental health as it may help in controlling and managing actions upsetting emotions and impulses. The present study aims to examine self-regulation as a predictor of mental health. The research methodology employed for the study is a correlational. 76 adolescents were selected through a simple random sampling method. Standardized tools were used to collect data. Data analysis included descriptive statistic like Mean and SD. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results indicated a significant coefficient correlation between self-regulation and mental health (0.63). Self-regulation's sub dimensions were analyzed with mental health's sub dimensions.


paper. First of all andmost importantly, they determined the precision ofthe two methods before comparing them. Conse-quently, they have no need for two commonly usedbut inappropriate and unreliable aids in studiescomparing different ways of measuring cardiacoutput: the Stetz Save and the Critchley Crutch.Stetz Save: in 1982, Stetz and associates publisheda paper on the reliability of the thermodilutionmethod.


Abstract This paper reveals relationships among linear instabilities of internal gravity waves often supposed to be independent. Using a Floquet analysis of a monochromatic wave propagating in a uniformly stratified background without shear, which accounts for finite wave amplitude, spatial and temporal periodicity, tilted phase planes, and 3D disturbances, it is demonstrated that the dominant instabilities of overturning waves are the large-wave-amplitude manifestations of resonant and slantwise instabilities of small amplitude waves, and that they possess no threshold amplitudes. An energy budget analysis examines the relation of parametric instabilities at large wave amplitude to vertical dynamic and static instabilities; however, the instability characteristics for propagating waves are very different from those inferred by analogy to Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and Benard convection in simpler backgrounds. At small amplitudes, resonant instabilities rely on horizontal or slantwise gradients of wave ...


The Dupuit-Forchheimer idealization is often used to simplify non-linear differential equat ions describing the flow of ground water. These ideal izations are justified only where the convergence of flow lines is very limited, and the drawdown of the water table is small compared to the average depth of the saturated aquifer. One of the solutions for unsteady, uncon fined flow between parallel drains, based on the DupuitForchheimer assumptions, is given by R.E. Glover. Glo ver imposes the limitation in the use of his solution, that the average depth of the saturated aquifer must be small compared to the distance between drains. However, no values or limits are given as to what this ratio should be for satisfactory results. This thesis is an experimental determin ation of the effect of the variation of the depth to length ratio on the rate of drawdown of the water table between parallel tile drains. Another important limit ation imposed by the idealization, is that the total drawdown of the water table must be small in comparison to the average depth of the saturated aquifer. In this thesis, the ratio of drawdown to depth was kept constant at a small value throughout the experiment. Differences iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. between theoretical and experimental values were then almost entirely due to variations of the spacing bet ween drains. The experimental work, was carried out, using a Hele-Shaw viscous flow model. The resulting drawdown profiles were recorded and tabulated, and the values compared to theoretical values compiled by R.E. Glover.


Scorpion stings are a public health problem in many countries including Morocco. Cutaneous manifestations are rare, mainly local or loco-regional, exceptionally generalized. We report a case of photosensitization mimicking hydroa vacciniforme after scorpion sting, not yet described in the literature.


In the post war period, telecommunications - being services of 'general economic interest' - were initially managed by public administrative bodies in many Western European countries. With the rise of New Public Management (NPM) in the 1980s, these bodies were often transformed into public corporations or joint stock companies. Following corporatisation, the provision and the management of these services of general economic interest was gradually transferred to private actors. This paper analyses whether privatisation, as part of NPM reforms, has benefited the consumer. We have, therefore, compiled data on privatisation in the telecommunication sector for 15 European countries from 1980 to 2006. The data set covers the corporatisation process, as well as the transfer of the service provision to the private sector. Three empirical findings stand out: first, the reform processes have differed widely from each other. Second, it's not just the transfer of ownership to the private sector that has ensured efficiency gains and increased consumer benefits; corporatisation has done this as well. Third, efficiency gains have been transferred to the consumer, especially at the beginning of the reform process.


The objective of the study is to examine the monetary and fiscal policies' shock on house price variable by using the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model for Singapore economy. In addition, the study used international oil prices and gold prices in the SVAR model because concurrent development in oil and gold prices have central influenced over macroeconomic activities that are closely linked with the stock returns. The results indicate that oil price has significant positive effect on gold prices, interest rates and stock returns. Exchange rate and government expenditure shows a negative impact on oil prices. The inverse relationship between gold prices, exchange rate and stock return supports that gold used as a hedge against both markets. However, there is no evidence has been found for crowding out effect through increase in government expenditures. Interaction between exchange rate and stock return is supportive to both stock-oriented and flow oriented models.


In order to the development of IoT, IETF developed a standard named 6LoWPAN for increase the usage of IPv6 to the tiny and smart objects with low power. Generally, the 6LoWPAN radio link needs end to end (e2e) security for its IPv6 communication process. 6LoWPAN requires light weight variant of security solutions in IPSec. A new security approach of 6LoWPAN at adaptation layer to provide e2e security with light weight IPSec. The existing security protocol IPsec is not suitable for its 6LoWPAN IoT environment because it has heavy restrictions on memory, power, duty cycle, additional overhead transmission. The IPSec had packet overhead problem due to share the secret key between two communicating peers by IKE (Internet Key Exchange) protocol. Hence the existing security protocol IPSec solutions are not suitable for lightweight-based security need in 6LoWPAN IoT. This paper describes 6LowPSec protocol with AES-CCM (Cipher block chaining Message authentication code with Counter mode) cryptographic algorithm with key size of 128 bits with minimum power consumption and duty cycle.


To screen the optimum ISSR-PCR reaction system for potato, the experiment was conducted by using orthogonal design with 4 levels of 5 factors(i.e. r Taq DNA polymerase, Mg2+, DNA, d NTPs and primers). Results showed that the optimal reaction system of ISSR-PCR was as follows: 0.5 U r Taq DNA polymerase, 2.5 mmol/L Mg2+, 75 ng DNA,200 μmol/L d NTPs and 0.8 μmol/L primer in 25 μL reaction volume. And the PCR reaction effects was in the order of Mg2+ r Taq DNA polymerase d NTPs = primer DNA. Then, 39 ISSR primers were screened by using the optimal reaction system, and 15 primers with clear band, more band number and good repeatability were selected. Finally, the optimized annealing temperatures of the 15 primers were obtained by gradient PCR.


PURPOSE: A microphone array structure, a method and an apparatus for forming a beam having a constant reflectivity and a method and an apparatus for estimating the direction of a sound source employing the same are provided to improve the recognition rate of the sound. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for forming a beam having a constant reflectivity by employing the microphone array structure includes a microphone array(211), a beam forming unit(231), a filtering unit(251) and an adding unit(271). The microphone array(211) is provided with a first sub-array(213), a second sub-array(215) and a third sub-array(215). The first sub-array(213) is placed at a predetermined position of the flat plate. And, the second sub-array(215) and the third sub-array(217) are located at the position corresponding to the first to ith predetermined distance vertical to the extending line of the first sub-array(213) and the central axis of the flat plate in response to the first to ith target frequencies of each sub-array.


This paper presents Sentio, a distributed middle-ware designed to provide mobile apps with seamless connectivity to remote sensors when the sensing code and the sensors are not physically on the same device, e.g., when the sensing code is offloaded to the cloud. Sentio presents the apps with virtual sensors that are mapped to remote physical sensors. Virtual sensors can be composed into higher-level sensors, which fuse sensing data from multiple physical sensors. Furthermore, they are mapped to the best available physical sensors when the app starts and re-mapped transparently to other physical sensors at runtime in response to context changes. Sentio was designed to work without modifications to the operating system and to provide low-latency access to remote sensors, which is beneficial to apps with real time-requirements such as mobile games. We have built a prototype of Sentio on Android. We have also developed four apps based on Sentio to understand the programming effort and evaluate the performance. The development of the apps shows that complex sensing tasks can be implemented quickly, benefiting from Sentio's high-level API. The experimental results show that Sentio achieves good real-time performance.


The lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has progressively emerged as a viable numerical tool for studying the dynamics of fluid flows, gaining tremendous popularity given its simplicity, adaptability, and low computational costs associated with solving the Navier-Stokes (NS) equation and beyond. The recent integration of high-order LB models, containing larger quantities of discrete velocity terms have been found to provide enhanced numerical accuracy and stability. Fundamental opportunities for further developments in assessing the performance of these lattices is imperative for future progression and applications involving complex flows, such as turbulence modelling and multiphase mixtures. However, there is still little known when comparing the performance of different high-order models. To this aim, this work presents a numerical investigation into the accuracy and stability of different high-order lattice structures, using the double-shear layer (DSL) benchmark test. The results show that lattice structures with a larger quantity of discrete velocity terms are able to produce more stable and accurate results despite possessing the same order of equilibrium terms and isotropy gradients. Further highlighted is the stability dependence of certain lattice structures on their respective reference temperature. These findings serve to provide a preliminary understanding of when to apply certain lattice structures for specific applications.


We consider a non-monotone FEM discretisation of a singularly perturbed time-dependent reaction-diffusion problem whose solution exhibits strong parabolic layers. We conduct a stability and convergence analysis for arbitrary meshes. The method is shown to be maximum-norm stable although it is not inverse monotone. The convergence result implies convergence of the method on Shishkin and Bakhvalov meshes uniformly in the perturbation parameter e. Numerical experiments complement our theoretical results.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss the background,definition,characteristics,rights and obligations of library's gift contract,and analyze it through the theory of contract law.The result reveals that gift contract of library plays an important role in reader service and the legal construction of library.


Using raw data of the `Family income and expenditure survey,` we find that the earning distribution worsened in Korea after the financial crisis; the gap between ninetieth and tenth percentile grew larger after the crisis more than before. Such a phenomenon is apparent within narrowly defined education and labor market experience variables. We found that the increase in earning inequality came from the rapidly increasing return to the components of skill other than the schooling and experience, which is caused by the increasing demand of skill after the crisis. Therefore, we can interpret the growing demand for skill is an important factor leading the increase in the earning inequality after the crisis. And then, we think that the reason for the increasing demand for skill after the crisis can be found in the changes of the technology, the organizational and personnel practice, the globalization, and the labor market. We can derive policy implications from this : To narrow the inequality we must invest the industrial demand-oriented education.


Allyl α-phenyl-2-aminophenethyl carbonates undergo a smooth decarboxylation-dehydrogenation reaction to afford 2-phenylindole derivatives in acetonitrile at 80 o in the presence of palladium complex as catalyst. In the reaction, the ruthenium hydride complex showed more effective catalytic activities. 2-Phenylindoles were also prepared from the corresponding α-phenyl-2-aminophenethylalcohols and allyl methyl carbonate by ruthenium-catalyzed cyclization


Foreword Introduction Characteristic Behaviors of Early Adolescents The Role of Affects in the Integration of the Self Parents as Organizers of Self-Development in Childhood Critical Developmental Issues in the Search for Self The Center of the Universe: The Affective Life of the Early Adolescent Treatment of the Early Adolescent Adolescence Proper: The Consolidation of Psychic Structure Bibliography Index


Novel chiral pentadentate ligands with naphthyridine and camphorsulfonyl groups have been designed and used to control the chirality of quadruple helixes of metal strings directly:Δ-Ni5((-)camnpda)4 (1) and Λ-Ni5((+)camnpda)4 (2). Compound 1 is a Δ form metal string complex with H2(-)camnpda and 2 is Λ form one with H2(+)camnpda. By X-ray single-crystal diffraction, The structures of the compound 1 and 2 are both 2,2-trans form in the same monoclinic space group C2 and have the similar unit cell. Further, it demonstrates that two metal strings are chiral isomers each other by CD spectra. In theoretical computation, the local minimum (ΛNi5((+)camnpda)4 with the Δ form) becomes energetically unfavourable by about 100 kcal/mol due to the strong steric repulsion introduced by the camphor groups. Finally, the racemic crystal is obtained with a 1:1 mixture of compounds 1 and 2 in triclinic space group P-1. Both the external dinickel distance in 1 and 2, about 2.280 Å, and the SQUID experiment reveal mixed valence [Ni2]3+ characters and the magnetic behaviors are anti-ferromagnetic (J = -55.0 cm-1 for 1 and -63.3 cm-1 for 2). In the electrochemistry, the three reversible oxidation waves in 1 and 2 are -0.13, 0.20 and 0.97 V.


This article depicts the theory of isothermal extrusion for aluminium alloy and advantages of the isothermal extrusion. It analyzes the heat conduction and transfer in the container and points out the effective factors on the exit temperature of the profile. It also presents the different ways to realize the isothermal extru-sion, including theory and realization mean of the advanced extrusion technology of aluminium alloy-isothermal extrusion for aluminium alloys through exit temperature, ram speed closed - loop control.


eOca At's 7roX\ol KwLr& KXt/aKos dt4Owr9pcV 9t rotXwv dv6pes froavop 'I1,qoviq7s acrb P&. These verses, which describe the landing of the Argonauts in the Bebrycian country, deserve more comment than they have received from expositors. Mr. Edmonds, in the Loeb Library Theocritus, has drawn attention to a latent difficulty by stumbling over it. He translates: " Down the ladders on either side went crowding the men of Jason's ship." Now, it is quite natural to think of two ladders, since "both walls" are mentioned. However, Theocritus has a different picture before his mind, as it seems to me. There is, first, the contrast of kLL and 7oXXot, similar to that in xiii. 33. With this contrast the phrase a,AOo74pov U 7o&xwv should not be allowed to interfere; certainly it should not destroy it. The expression "both walls" occurs once before in this idyll, vss. 12-13, and still earlier, in Theognis 674. In all three cases it presents a ship under the aspect of starboard and larboard; danger comes from both sides, the heroes as they rowed sat along both sides. Our passage, then, would mean: from both sides of the "Argo" where the heroes had been rowing they thronged down one ladder from Jason's ship. Aside from linguistic considerations there is reason for rejecting the notion of two ladders. It was long ago pointed out by Brunn1 that Theocritus in describing this scene is not drawing upon his unaided fancy, but is influenced by types familiar in works of art. A ship drawn up on shore, a voyager on the ladder, other voyagers on the shore or on the deck; this is a typical scene which is found on two Argonautic monuments, the vase painting depicting the death of Talos, the Cretan giant, and the Ficoronian cista. Pausanias in his description of the Nekyia of Polygnotus (x. 25. 3) mentions the ladder, and Robert in his reconstruction of the painting uses the familiar type. A similar use of this type on a Parthenon metope has recently been reported.2 The ladder is present on one of the slabs of the Telephus frieze of the Pergamene altar. One who has examined the monuments will hardly believe that because Theocritus mentions "both walls" he has in mind two ladders.


Two articles in this issue confirm knowledge gaps in the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) by pediatric emergency department (PED) clinicians.1,2 Given the current barriers to AD care, including a shortage of pediatric dermatologists, leading to lack of expert followup, socioeconomic factors, inequitable access to specialty care, and the unpredictable and recurrent nature of flares, it is not surprising that PEDs have become a frequent care setting for acute flares of AD and potential gateway to the health care system for AD care.2 While clinician education is imperative, there can be no hope for improvement unless the knowledge gap is acknowledged and strategies developed to bridge that gap. PED clinicians' confidence in their ability to manage and treat AD appears to exceed their understanding of the intricacies of AD management.1 In line with this, nearly 100% of PED clinicians reported selfassurance in management of AD, while simultaneously reporting variable understanding of appropriate use of topical corticosteroids (TCS)— a cornerstone in AD care.1 This is evidenced by low prescription rates of TCS for AD and frequent recommendation of lowpotency TCS, which are usually inadequate for controlling acute flares.1,2 Clearly, there is much to be done to educate clinicians and improve care. Prior studies have shown pediatric primary care clinicians are receptive to education on AD and that education leads to improved patient care.3,4 Presumably, these findings can be extrapolated to PED clinicians. Asthma care in the PED provides a good model for improvement in acute AD care and highlights the need for national guidelines for AD management in the acutecare setting. Clinical pathways for the PED, such as those used for asthma, can be modified and adapted for AD.5 While eczema action plans (EAPs), modeled after their counterparts in asthma, are useful and becoming widely accepted, they must be adapted for acute management in the PED. Proper use of EAPs requires understanding and appropriate selection of topical steroid potencies, vehicles, and prescription quantities. Unless EAPs are customizable in the PED setting, they are prone to inappropriate use. Having EAP "smart forms" incorporated into the electronic record workflow would facilitate their adoption and customizability in the PED. However, EAPs are not a substitute for a good understanding of AD management. In addition to educating PED clinicians on acute AD management, training of PED clinicians in educating caregivers will improve patient compliance and reduce PED recidivism for flare management. Lastly, timely access to followup is imperative and should become a priority action item. In integrated pediatric health care systems, such as children's hospital networks, this may be easier to accomplish than in some community hospital and nonpediatric care settings, where much acute AD care is rendered. Without timely expert followup of this chronic relapsing disease, the PED becomes the default clinical setting for managing flares. Documentation of these knowledge gaps in the pediatric dermatology literature must translate to education and action in the PED front lines, where it will have the most impact on patients. The challenge is there to be met headon.


Introduction: According to the clinical recommendations of the Healthcare Ministry of Russia (2021), uterine artery embolization (UAE) in uterine fibroid is an alternative to surgical treatment in case of high surgical risk and absence of contraindications in women who do not desire pregnancy. The advantages of UAE are associated with lesser blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and recovery of the working capacity. Here, we present an analysis of the literature and our 14-year clinical experience in performing UAE in uterine fibroid. Screening and primary diagnosis of uterine fibroid and indications and contraindications of UAE in the current publications were analyzed. Different methods of EUA implementation were described, and the advantages of the transradial access (TRA) are demonstrated on the basis of the actual clinical experience.
Conclusion: The results obtained in the use of TRA revealed the reduction of radioscopy time and surgery time in general, which are beneficial in terms of the reduction of radiation exposure. Besides, an argument for the given access is a considerably lower frequency of serious complications at the access site. The main obstacles to the introduction and wide use of TRA are based on the lack of specialist experience, absence of specialized training programs, and use of unsuitable and traumatizing instruments. One of the unsolved questions is the absence of an anesthesia protocol, which must be developed with the participation of both gynecologists and specialists on X-ray endovascular diagnostics and treatment.


Some fluid mechanical information concerning mixing generation in complex flow fields can be obtained from conversion data of fast chemical reactions. Computation of such information and averages required in the procedure are presented here. Complex turbulent flow fields present deterministic-like behavior when analyzed in average sense with regard to mixing generation.


1 The contractile and relaxant e€ects of the di€erent P2 receptors were characterized in the rat isolated mesenteric artery by use of extracellular nucleotides, including the stable pyrimidines uridine 5'-O-thiodiphosphate (UDPbS) and uridine 5'-O-3-thiotriphosphate (UTPgS). 2 The selective P2X receptor agonist, ab-methylene-adenosine triphosphate (ab-MeATP) stimulated a potent (pEC50=6.0) but relatively weak contraction (Emax=57% of 60 mM K ). The contractile concentration-response curve of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was biphasic when added in single concentrations. The ®rst part of the response could be desensitized by ab-MeATP, indicating involvement of P2X receptors, while the second part might be mediated by P2Y receptors. 3 The contractile P2Y receptors were further characterized after P2X receptor desensitization with 10 mM ab-MeATP. Uridine diphosphate (UDP), uridine triphosphate (UTP) and ATP stimulated contraction only in high concentrations (1 ± 10 mM). The selective P2Y6 agonist, UDPbS, and the P2Y2/P2Y4-receptor agonists UTPgS and adenosine 5'-O-3-thiotriphosphate (ATPgS) were considerably more potent and ecacious (Emax&250% of 60 mM K). Adenosine 5'-O-thiodiphosphate (ADPbS) was inactive, excluding contractile P2Y1 receptors. 4 After precontraction with 1 mM noradrenaline, UTP, ADP and ATP induced relaxations with similar potencies (pEC50&5.0). UTPgS, ADPbS and ATPgS were approximately one log unit more potent indicating the presence of endothelial P2Y1 and P2Y2/P2Y4 receptors. The P2Y6 receptor agonist, UDPbS, had no e€ect. 5 UDPbS and UTPgS are useful tools when studying P2 receptors in tissue preparations with ectonucleotidase activity. Contractile responses can be elicited by stimulation of P2Y6 and, slightly less potently, P2Y2/P2Y4 receptors. The P2X response was relatively weak, and there was no P2Y1 response. Stimulation of P2Y1 and P2Y2/P2Y4 receptors elicited relaxation, while P2Y6 did not contribute. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 131, 51 ± 56


The experiments and techniques used in the study of the crystallization characteristics of pentaerythritol (PE) from a certain lubricating oil dispersant additive are presented. These experiments were performed with a view to improving the filtrability of the dispersant product and also to reduce the potential for sediment formation in the dispersant product during storage. Successfully tested methods for the elimination of this sediment formation at storage are also presented.


ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Celia Cordero-Sanchez is joint first author on 'A luminal EF-hand mutation in STIM1 in mice causes the clinical hallmarks of tubular aggregate myopathy', published in DMM. Celia is a PhD student in the lab of Armando Genazzani at the University of Piemonte Orientale, investigating a mouse model of tubular aggregate myopathy.


Hofmann and Hayes (this issue, p. 37) argue for a move away from a reliance on a medical illness model in which rigid therapy protocols are targeted at presumed disease entities in favor of a more process-based approach that targets core mediators and moderators based on testable theories. I could not agree more. I find their arguments persuasive and their implications exciting.


Daily sc injections of estradiol (17β-estradiol-3-benzoate) were given to five groups of adult female rats in doses of 0.25 μg, 2.5 μg, 25 μg, 250 μg, and 2 mg. The rats were bled at 0, 2, 5, and 8 weeks after the initiation of hormone treatment. In a second experiment, five groups of rats received daily sc injections of mestranol (ethynyl estradiol-3-methyl ether) in doses of 0.025,0.25, 2.5, 25, and 250 μg. These rats were bled after 2 weeks of treatment. In the first experiment, estradiol produced a biphasic effect: high doses (250 μg and 2 mg) lowered serum cholesterol concentrations, whereas lower doses (2.5 and 25 μg) increased serum cholesterol concentrations. Mestranol did not elicit this biphasic response, but was found to be 100 times more potent than estradiol with respect to its cholesterol-lowering ability. Both estradiol and mestranol stimulated hypertriglyceridemia at the same dose level: 2.5 μg. At 250 μg, mestranol caused a marked lowering of serum triglyceride concentrations, which was a...


Kaminskyj A, Frazier M, Johnstone K, Gleberzon BJ.

Chiropractic care for patients with asthma: a systematic review of the literature.

J Can Chiropr Assoc 2010; 54: 24–32.


New patterns of regionalisation are the consequence of globalisation processes. Local networks of interactions survive and successfully reproduce in an open economy: face-to-face work and local production systems are examples of such contexts of interaction. Hypothesis on possible strategies of spatial organization to contrast social disorganisation effects and problems of personal integration are developed.


1. Analysis of spatial patterns in species-environment relationships can provide new insights about the niche requirements and potential co-occurrence of species, but species abundance 21 and environmental data are routinely collected at different spatial scales. Here, we investigate 22 the use of codispersion analysis to measure and assess the scale, directionality, and 23 significance of complex relationships between plants and their environment in large forest 24 plots. 2. We applied codispersion analysis to both simulated and field data on spatially-located tree 26 species basal area and environmental variables. The significance of observed bivariate spatial 27 associations between the basal area of key species and underlying environmental variables 28 was tested using three null models. 29 3. Codispersion analysis reliably detected directionality (anisotropy) in bivariate species- 30 environment relationships and identified relevant scales of effects. Null model-based 31 significance tests applied to codispersion analyses of forest plot data enabled us to infer the 32 extent to which environmental conditions, tree sizes, and/or tree spatial positions 33 underpinned observed basal area-environment relationships, or whether relationships were 34 due to other unmeasured factors. 35 Codispersion analysis, combined with appropriate null models, can be used to infer 36 hypothesized ecological processes from spatial patterns allowing us to start disentangling the 37 possible drivers of plant species-environment relationships. 38


Establishing and forming an economizing expense mode is a strategic task to build a society of economizing resources and good environments under the guidance of the scientific development concept. In a healthy and civilized society, the key to form an expense mode of economizing resources is that the Party and the government offices set a good example for the whole society and take the lead in economizing.