This paper surveys forensics research broadly over the last 26 years and argues for research that more comprehensively accounts for forensics in its full range of activity. Forensics research has historically tended to focus on one area of competition. The paper argues for more research that conceptualizes the activity across these practices and for research that may benefit programs that do more than one kind of forensics activity. Research in forensics has also been characterized by some authors as lacking to some degree in quality. These authors note that lack of solid research hurts programs' chances for increased funding and other necessities since administrators have been characterized as an audience most likely to be persuaded by solid quantitative research. The paper argues along with these authors for higher quality in forensics research relative to other kinds of research, contending that this must begin with more complete basic research. Without discounting the work of scholars over the last 26 years, the paper calls for a higher standard of research which more closely follows research norms of the academe at large. Contains 24 references. (Author/NKA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -1 00 00 Running head: The Need for Stronger Research Q U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


There is a growing interest in using cylindrical transmission line structures in microwave applications. In this paper, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to characterize several three-dimensional cylindrical coplanar waveguide (CCPW) geometries. Specifically, a CCPW series stub and a three-section CCPW filter are studied both theoretically and experimentally. Moreover, CCPW gap is characterized and the FDTD results are compared to those obtained using conformal mapping techniques. Effective absorbing boundary conditions are employed to truncate the FDTD mesh at the end walls and the outer radial boundary.


Abstract Background We conduct a trial using neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCRT) and verify the value of ctDNA and CTC as biomarkers for tumor response in the nCRT treatment of locally advance gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods Twenty milliliters of plasma were collected at 3 points: before nCRT; after 2 cycles of nCRT; and after surgery. Firefly ctDNA NGS assays were used to track ctDNA mutations previously characterized in paired tumor tissue by massively parallel sequencing. Using patient-specific mutation derived from exome sequencing of tumor tissues samples, bespoke amplicon-based sequencing panel were synthesized and used for ctDNA profiling. CTCs in 7ml peripheral blood were separated by a negative enrichment method and identified by FISH using two frequently proliferation chromosome probes, CEP8 and CEP17. Meanwhile, the HER2 expression in CTCs was determined by FISH and immunofluorescence. CEP8+ and/or CEP17+, DAPI+, CD45- cell were justified as CTCs, HER2 FISH+ or HER2 IF+, DAPI+, CD45- cells were justified as HER2 positive CTCs. Results In comparison to basal line value of pre-chemotherapy blood, the ctDNA loading were decreased in post-chemotherapy specimens of 8 patients with TRG1 by histopathological grading or partial and complete response by CT scan. However, the amount of ctDNA in 25 patients diagnosed as TRG 2 or 3 showed minor changes during the neoadjuvant therapy. 22 have integral FISH data (CTCs range from 0-29, average: 4.9, 2.7 and 4.0, positive rate: 82%,73% and 73%), and 12 have integral HER2 data (CTCS range from 0-9, average: 2.9, 2.2 and 2.9, positive rate: 25%, 50% and 33%). The dynamic variations were coincidence to the clinical evaluation. For HER2, we found three positive model in CTCs, single FISH or IF positive or double positive. Double positive HER2-CTCs are found in some patients. By negative enrichment and FISH, CTCs can be detected at a low cutoff of 2 cells in 73%∼82% patients. Conclusions The ctDNA and CTC alteration during neoadjuvant therapy are consistent with histopathological grading and response assessmentand and can be surrogate markers to prediction efficacy of nCRT for GC. Clinical trial identification NCT03425058 11/02/2018. Legal entity responsible for the study The author. Funding Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support (ZYLX201701). Disclosure The author has declared no conflicts of interest.


1M.Tech Student, construction Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Jain College of Engineering Belagavi, Karnataka, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jain College of Engineering Belagavi, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract For a construction of single storey industrial building the pre-engineered building (PEB) is a new thought in the construction field. It is a concept of steel structures introduced in early 1960's. In this type of construction the entire structure uses of built up "I" sections, the main advantage in this concept is no welding process will be carried out in the site. The structure will be designed and manufactured in the plant and are transported to the site and then erected. The sectional properties will depends on the moments at those specific locations hence there won't be any excess of steel utilisation. In this study, an industrial ware house is analyzed and designed according to Indian standards, I.S. 800-2007 and also referring MBMA2002/AISC-89 with members built up, rectangular and tapered sections. In this study, a structure with a length of 30m,width of 20m, clear height of 9m and roof slope of 1: 10 is considered to carry out analysis and design(The members are assigned with the built up sections of rectangle and tapered sections).


TM Healthcare, Milwaukee WI). No attempts were made to scan subjects at identical times of day as previous research by our group has indicated no time-of-day effect in Glx metabolite concentration [5]. RESULTS: Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) were used to assess the significance of LCModel-obtained metabolite concentrations. Significant levels (defined as SD≤20%) of Glutamate were detected in all male (n=7) and female (n=5) subjects, with significant Gln (n=1) detected in one male subject and one (n=1) female subject. Concentrations trending towards significance (defined as 20>SD%≥30) of GABA were detected in five (n=5) male subjects and one (n=1) female subject, with trending-significant Gln detected in one additional male (n=1) and female (n=1) subject. No significant differences existed within male (F=0.077, p=0.998) or female (F=0.075, p=0.998) subjects' metabolite concentrations. Finally, a Bonferroni-corrected t-test between male and female GABA indicated a significant (p<0.01) difference between male and female GABA concentrations; similarly corrected t-tests of the difference between male and female Glu (p=0.344) and Gln (p=0.85) scores failed to find any significant differences. The mean +/- standard deviation scores for GABA, Glu, and Gln between males and females, as well as the SNR and FWHM of each scan group are reported in Table 1. DISCUSSION: Our results demonstrate the necessity for considering the gender of control subjects for Glx metabolite investigations, and for not pooling males and females when developing control groups for psychiatric MRS. Both the male and female metabolite concentrations we have reported here are within accepted norms within the Glx literature; that significant differences exist between genders when this factor is considered supports our argument [5], [6], [7]. A novel finding from our investigation appears to be that the concentration of GABA in women is actually less than that of men, which appears to contradict previously published research. That our study focused on the concentrations within the ACC, and previous investigations focused on quantifying the GABA or Glu signals within the occipital lobe, indicates that this need not be as contentious a point as it may appear. It is possible that GABA concentrations show local versus global menstrual fluctuations. Moreover, our results appear to indicate a reason for the discrepancy seen between mood disorders, which are more prevalent in females and appear to correlate with low cortical GABA, and previous literature reports of increase GABA in women: GABA may be lower in females than in males within higher cognitive structures such as the ACC, a fact that was missed due to previous studys' focus on the occipital cortex. It is also interesting to note the lack of significant difference between Glu concentrations across genders; this is again not in keeping with the broader literature. We hypothesis that this may be due to our optimized sequence design versus that used in traditional scans, where sideband resonances from the GABA triplet overlapping Glu resulted in erroneous concentration estimates; our sequence avoids such issues. Lastly, it should be noted that we did not control for menstrual cycle stage amongst the female subjects scanned during this investigation. While this theoretically could have produced a heterogeneous group, our data did not reflect this; we hypothesis, again, that this may be due to local consistency in Glx concentrations in the ACC versus those in the occipital lobe, which have been demonstrated to fluctuate. CONCLUSIONS/FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Our results demonstrate that care must be taken at 3.0T in developing control groups for Glx assessment with MRS. The investigators hope to complete their present investigations such that the sample sizes between male and female subjects is identical. We also intend to rescan the female subjects in our study during the luteal and follicular menstrual phases in both the ACC and occipital lobe, with the intent of determining if the stability of the Glx metabolites in the ACC, and the reported lability of these in the occipital lobe, can be verified. Regardless of the subsequent results of this second investigation, however, we are well-justified in arguing that gender must be considered when analyzing Glx-disorders.


ABSTRACT Background: To examine how closely reporting rates in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) reflect expected rates of known adverse drug events (ADEs). Methods: We selected three groups of drugs to reflect hypothesized variation in sensitivity to reporting, including statins, biologics, and narrow therapeutics index drugs (NTI). The numbers of ADEs in FAERS were divided by utilization estimates from ambulatory health care data (NAMCS/NHAMCS) to calculate a reported proportion. One sample z-test for proportions compared the proportion of ADEs reported to an expected ADE proportion derived from drug labels, reference databases, and peer-reviewed papers. Results: The majority of drug-ADE pairs showed significant under-reporting. For example, roughly 0.01% to 44% of statin events were reported (z-test p < 0.0001). Biological (0.002% to >100%) and NTI (20% to >100%) drugs had relatively higher reporting rates. Roughly 20% to 33% of the minimum number of expected serious events were reported with biologics and NTI drugs. Conclusions: This study supports previous evidence of under-reporting of ADEs in spontaneous reporting data. But, under-reporting varies considerably by the type of drug and the type of ADEs, and this variability in under-reporting should be considered when interpreting safety signals.


A constructive existence proof is given for solutions of boundarylayer type for the singularly perturbed semilinear system edx/dt = H{t,x,e) subject to either Dirichlet or general Robin boundary conditions. The required assumptions involve only natural conditions that are induced by the O'Malley construction.


GuangZhou Jingxi sewage treatment plant is the first MBR sewage treatment plant which underground type is applied in China.The paper analyzes the underground type,MBR technology,related equipments and their effect on the project cost,to provide some reference for the construction and cost control of similar projects.


The mecessity and feasibitity of water regime automatic survey report system is improved that is overall designed situation and effect is introdued in Wanan hydraulic power plant.


Moored data buoys are floating platforms at sea. These buoys serve as in-situ Weather, Ocean and Tsunami observatories. These buoys transmit real-time data through 3G/GSM/GPRS and satellite telemetry. Damage to the buoy systems by humans, boats, ships etc., intentional or otherwise, causes loss of data, and inhibits early warning systems. It also has financial implications due to the loss of the instruments, repair & reinstallation charges, and the time a ship spends to fix the buoy. Challenges arise while analyzing the video footage as they are unstable and shaky, due to the continuous movements of floating ocean buoy platforms caused by the state of the sea. This paper explores object detection algorithms for detecting eight different objects commonly found in the camera video footage transmitted by the buoy platforms at sea. The object detection training implementation gave us a best accuracy of email@example.com. The object detection will help in solutions like Object Search, detection of floating marine plastic debris, understanding the direction of motion of ships, boats etc. In a broader perspective, it can help in Surveillance, Market Survey and Fish Detection in underwater cameras for fish abundance study.


INTRODUCTION In the experimental external fixator model, su ch as the fractured or lengthening rabbit tibias, we reported an increase in bone electrical impedance (Z values; k Ω) during callus maturation, and that the measurement of Z values makes it possible to evalua te bone union . We applied this concept to estimate the time to remove ext rnal fixators and the diagnosis of delayed union. However, Z values m ight vary by sex, age, affected extremity, and physique (e.g., body mass i ndex; BMI). Therefore, we measured Z values of the extremities of cadavers , to investigate the validity of this technique. We also evaluated the e ff cts of sex, age, and physique on Z values. This study investigated the p otential utility of measuring Z values to evaluate the properties of bo ne.


Summary The Northwest Sabalan geothermal field lies within the Moueil Vally, on the northwestern slopes of Mt. Sabalan, northwestern Iran. Hot springs and fumarole of Sabalan Mountain can be found in cross-section of faults and fractures in hydrothermal system. For assessment of the geoelectric dimensionality of subsurface structures used phase sensitive skew and indices D1, D2 and D3. For the 1-D modelling, the TE mode, which was rotated to the principal axis, was used while for 2-D inversion, both curves of TE and TM were considered. Also, for 1-D and 2-D models the smoothed curves were used. Static shifts were manually adjusted for 1-D modelling while it was included in the processing during 2-D inverse modelling. With regard to dimensionality parameters, structures at shallow one dimensionality and in deep, two dimensionality are prominent. The results of 1-D and 2-D modelling of MT data showed that a major portion of the upflow zone is the southeast and east of the Sabalan geothermal area.


Due to the social demand of neighbourhood of Barbera del Valles (Barcelona), a cable stayed footbridge of 200m length between the village of Barbera del Valles and the Baricentro shopping centre is designed. These areas have been historically segregated by many road and railway infrastructures. The current economic crisis implies careful consideration in terms of cost and conditioning factors of the project. All these factors lead to perform an iterative process for the design and conception of each footbridge structural element. The high induced concentrated loads at anchors and at the top panel of the box girder are important issues that need to be analysed, in order to assure the integrity of the structure in both service as during construction. The presented paper intends to show the practical utility of patch loading analysis using FEM. Steel panels may yield due to the local effects, requiring an iterative process to select the adequate stiffener thickness that assure structural stability at ultimate limit states.


The utility model discloses a self-adaptive multi-harmonic-source positioning device. The positioning device comprises a case, wherein a data acquisition device and a data processing device are arranged in the case and mutually connected in a bidirectional manner; the data acquisition device is connected with at least one voltage acquisition device and at least two or more than two current acquisition devices; and the data processing device is connected with a human-computer interaction device and a communication module respectively; and the communication module in the data processing device is communicated with a host computer through a network or an interface. The utility model has the benefits that the shortcoming that a conventional power quality monitoring device can not distinguish responsibilities of multiple harmonic sources, and the requirements for calculation rapidity and accuracy of related electric systems are ensured; various parameters can be set on line, and operation of the positioning device in complicated environments is ensured; various communication interfaces are provided, and a memory has high capacity, so that long-term harmonic monitoring is ensured; and the self-adaptive multi-harmonic-source positioning device adopts a portable design of the case, is simple to operate and has lower running cost.


Smart Heritage enables urban designers and planners to reimagine historical narratives within cities through the untethered perspectives of smart technology. Smart Heritage is the convergence between the smart city and heritage disciplines that intertwines the autonomous and automatic capabilities and innovation of smart technologies with the contextual and subjective interpretation of the past. It is an emergent and distinct discourse in the academic literature that positions technology as the leadcurator of historical narratives. It is comparable with similar smart discourses, such as Smart Mobility and Smart Infrastructure, and contrasts with the human-led and archival focused Digital Heritage discourse. Through Smart Heritage, urban designers and planners are not physically, intellectually, and locationally limited in retelling and deploying culturally and socially powerful historical narratives. Instead, experts can draw online and personal data to produce powerful and novel experiences in cities. This article introduces Smart Heritage as a tool for urban designers and planners. It discusses how Smart Heritage can reimagine historical narratives within cities.


The task of designing of conveyor transport of the enterprise is considered. Mathematical models of the automated designing of territorial allocated conveyor lines are developed. Algorithm of the congestion line estimation and managerial actions formation have been offered.


This paper discusses the background, Characteristics, motivesand general forms of scientific research globalization, and analyses the general situations, models, effects of Chinese Scientific resarch gobalization, and the Challenges of Scientific research in China foling Scientific research globalization


This paper adopts the principle of thinking in reverse,which is to deduce the conclusion step by step from the def-inition of profit margin of the supply chain;the above method is contrary to theory of supply chain contracts,the hottest method of the coordination of supply chain research.This paper offers the equivalent profit margin principle of supply chain coordination,and points out the realization way of the equivalent profit margin principle.The equivalent profit margin principle can be used as the target and the canon of supply chain coordination and the evaluation of it.


among the gamo of southwestern ethiopia, a select group of women continue to make pottery offering an opportunity to study how potters learn and practice their craft within a caste structure. gamo potters are predominately women, husbands and other male family members occasionally may help with certain aspects of pottery production and distribution. The potter's social standing in gamo society determines that they have limited farmland, which forces potters to work as full-time craft specialists. Since gamo society is virilocal, women potters will typically learn their craft in their natal community but then will have to relearn the complex production and distribution sequences once they move to their husband's community. a potter will also encounter a new set of economic conditions at her husband's house that may influence the degree to which family members are dependent upon her skill. a potter's skill can be tested if resources are not available, such as proper clays, room to store and dry her pots, and finding materials for firing. Thus, she has to use her skill to transform the clays into pots that will be economically viable for her family. furthermore, she will need to forge new relationships with non-potter community members in order for her to trade her pots for money or food. This larger interplay between gender and caste is countered by the individual potter's skill and how potters manage their limited resources as gamo artisans.


AIM:To evaluate the effect of Huazhuo Jiedu Huoxue Recipe(Herba Agastaches,Herba Eupatorii,Rhizoma Pinelliae,Pericarpium Citri reticulatae,Poria,etc.) on plasma orphanin FQ(OFQ) and prostaglandins in the patients of endometriosis(EM) with pain.METHODS:The concentrations of plasma OFQ and prostaglandins were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after the treatment on the patients of EM with pain.29 patients of EM with severe pain(severe group),31 patients with slight pain(slight group) and 25 patients without pain(control group) were studied.RESULTS:The levels of OFQ、 PGF_(2a)、 PGE_2、 6-keto-PGF_(1a) and TXB_2 in plasma were significantly higher in patients of EM with pain than that of patients without pain(P(0.05)),while the ratio of 6-keto-PGF_(1a) versus TXB_2 was much lower in that of patients with pain(P(0.05)).The plasma OFQ、 PGF_(2a) and PGE_2 in severe group was significantly higher than the slight group(P(0.05)).Plasma OFQ、 PGF_(2a) and PGE_2 contents were significantly decreased,and plasma 6-keto-PGF_(1a) level was markably increased after the treatment with Huazhuo Jiedu Huoxue Recipe(P(0.05)).CONCLUSIONS:1.Pain is associated with OFQ and prostaglandins in patients of endometriosis with pain.2.Huazhuo Jiedu Huoxue Recipe can make plasma OFQ、 PGF_(2a) and PGE_2 contents significantly decrease,and 6-keto-PGF_(1a) level markably increase.


This article introduces the new technologies and creative methods on the CIMS system application and integration,which are used in the progress manufacturing industry and based on a new real CIMS construction at a tobacco company.The three layers system architecture is used in the CIMS integration.Besides,formula design with CAD,which includes some intelligent algorithm,also is explained in the paper.


HIV is a dynamic field, it is crucial to understand the latest advances in ARV therapy. Data regarding new drugs and their combinations continue to emerge, changing standards of practice. In order to assess the effects of antiretroviral drugs on the local population, a descriptive study was conducted on seven therapeutic combinations. The patients studied were selected from the patients infected with HIV, who started treatment at National Center of Blood Donors in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. These patients received regular treatment for 36 months, blood samples were taken every 6 months, clinical and laboratory assessments were performed. All patients were infected with HIV-1 type. Biological parameters analyzed showed positive impact of the treatment characterized globally by the increase of the number and the percentage of CD4. The analysis according to the gender and the age groups didn't show a marked difference. The value of the number and the percentage of CD4 at the end of the treatment were around 400cells/mm3 and 35% respectively. The treatment did not show toxic effect on the liver and the kidney measured through the rate of creatinine and transaminases (TGO, TGP). The gender and the age groups didn't have any influence on these parameters. These positive effects could explain the use of these therapeutic combination in the treatment of HIV positive patient in the National centre of blood donors in Abidjan.


Adding Value to Clients Professional Services Adding Value to Information Adding Value to Client Decision-Making Adding Value to Client Capabilities Channels for Knowledge Transfer Firm-Wide Relationship Management Co-creation of Knowledge Pricing Knowledge Creating Value in the Knowledge Economy Appendix - The Nature of Mental Models


Phase 6 of the Coupled‐Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is the first in which a significant number of models include a well‐resolved stratosphere. Changes in equatorial stratospheric variability in historical and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenario simulations are investigated in 10 models with realistic quasi‐biennial oscillations (QBO). All project a weakening of the QBO throughout the stratosphere for SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios and for 1960 to 2010. The weakening is strongest in the lower stratosphere, ranging from 5.8±0.5 % to 4.3±0.5  % to 2.0±0.5 % per decade at 50 hPa for SSP585, SSP370, and historical simulations, respectively. At 20 hPa a weakening of both westward and eastward phases contributes though the weakening eastward phase is only seen in 7 of the 10 models. Similar robust weakening occurs for the temperature QBO, but only from 30 hPa upward. In both scenarios the QBO period decreases in 7 of the 10 models.


This paper presents two approaches that have been used to maintain socket compatibility between a pair of microprocessors operating at different supply voltages. A current balancing scheme to keep independent regulators within their specified operating range when shorted through the microprocessor socket is presented. Using a network of termination resistors in the microprocessor's package, an operating scheme was developed such that minimum regulation current requirements could be met and a balanced current environment could be achieved inside two different switching regulators operating at different frequencies. The design and the implementation details of the current balancing method in the microprocessor is described and compared with measured data.


This paper presents a series of three studies describing how reading literature promotes empathy and moral outcomes. We add three contrasts to this field of empirical study: (a) an explanatory and interpretative form of narrative reading engagement (Integrative Comprehension) is contrasted with an expressive and explicative form of aesthetic reading engagement (Expressive Enactment); (b) an explanatory and interpretive form of cognitive perspective-taking (a component of Integrative Comprehension) is distinguished from an expressive and explicative form of empathy (a component of Expressive Enactment); and (c) a local form of moral outcome (involving changes in attitude toward a specific group or outgroup) is distinguished from a global form of moral outcome (involving an inclusive respect for human subjectivity). These contrasts are clarified and contextualized within existential-phenomenological discussions of sense-giving lived experience, agency, and morality. In conclusion, we offer a framework that specifies the potential impact on wellbeing of a form of literary reading that involves existential reflection, especially as conceived within the emerging field of existential positive psychology.


Left atrial (LA) ball thrombus is a rare disorder. These ball thrombi are generally associated with mitral stenosis, and the restricted mitral orifice encloses the free-floating thrombus in the LA. There is a potential for fatal systemic emboli or mitral valve orifice occlusion that may result in sudden death. We report a rare case of free-floating ball thrombus (FFBT) in the left atrium with mitral stenosis. A 52-year-old woman with chronic mitral stenosis was admitted to the hospital for progressive dyspnea, palpitation and unconsciousness. Electrocardiography showed atrial fibrillation (AF). Echocardiography revealed rheumatic, thickened, and stenotic mitral valve, and FFBT in the left atrium. She was treated successfully with removal of ball thrombus and mitral valve replacement. The size of the ball thrombus was 30×25×15 mm and postoperative course was uneventful.


1. In anaesthetized dogs, various amounts of [14C]histamine were introduced into the lumen of a ligated intestinal loop or of the ligated stomach and the absorption of this histamine was studied by determining the radioactive histamine in the venous blood coming from the ligated part.


According to jiaguwen,jinwen and zhanguowenzi characters of "野",the papers analyses the complex font of it.The complex font of"野"is"壄".We can see that "矛"is one of the constituent parts.It must be changed by "予".All of Jiaguwen and jinwen characters are composed by "林" and "土",and the pronunciation of "土"is similar to "野".Zhanguowenzi characters overlays "予" as its note.There is great different between the characters of "矛" and "予".However,some characters were interblended.Nowadays,the difference between written characters of "矛" and "予"by people is only one pie.So,they were interblended easily.There are many examples in the ancient characters come down by people,monuments,epitaphs and Tunhuang earthliness characters.The papers also mentions the original meaning of"野".


Abstract : Quantum dot structures have been produced by etching pillars in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures. The pillars as tall as 1?m and with diameter as small as 40nm were defined using direct write electron beam lithography in combination with inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. Waveguide structures containing quantum dot regions integrated with disordered MQW sections have been fabricated. These integrated waveguides have been tested in our laboratory and have shown evidence of good waveguiding characteristics. We are currently assessing their electro-optic and nonlinear properties.


This paper addresses the issue of managing car-travel demand in large urban centers and reviews two instruments—urban form changes and public transport improvements—by drawing on the experience of Australian cities. Urban form changes can be achieved by higher population and employment densities. At a city or broad zonal level, the reviews show that higher densities of population and employment lead to lower levels of travel and car use. However, the linkage between urban form changes can be a complex and indirect process at a less aggregate level. Large changes in the urban form may be necessary to produce small changes in car and transit usage. This study also shows that new rail transit investments in the cities of Perth and Gold Coast were only able to reduce car use in the same transport corridor by a small percentage. A significant proportion of the rail users were previous bus users. There is no quick fix to the urban transport problems confronting large cities, and the solution will need political...


Monitoring of subsurface fluid(underground fluid) is an important part of efforts for earthquake pre- diction in China. The nationwide network, which monitors groundwater level, water temperature, and radon and mercury in groundwater, has been constructed in the last decades. Large amounts of abnormal fluid changes before and after major earthquakes have been recorded, providing precious data for research in earthquake sciences. Many studies have been done in earthquake fluid hydrogeology in order to probe the nature of the earthquake. Much progress in earthquake fluid hydrogeology has been made in the last decades. The paper provides a review of the advances in research on earthquake fluid hydrogeology over the last 40 years in China. It deals with the following five aspects:(1) an introduction to the development history of moni- toring networks construction;(2) cases of different sub- surface fluid changes recorded before some majorearthquakes which occurred in the last decades;(3) char- acteristics of subsurface fluid changes following major earthquakes;(4) mechanism of subsurface fluid changes before and following earthquakes;(5) application of earthquake fluids in the hydrogeology field.


T he past year brought signifi cant developments relating to business brokers, placement agents and others who act as fi nancial intermediaries. Recent guidance from the staff of the Division of Trading and Markets (Staff ) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has shed new light on the types of activities that may (and may not) require certain fi nancial intermediaries to register as broker-dealers under Section 15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). In addition, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) has issued to its members a notice regarding a proposed reduced rule-set that would apply to brokerage fi rms solely engaged in limited corporate fi nance activities. As discussed below, although these developments should provide a measure of relief to a number of market participants, it does not off er the solution that many fi nancial intermediaries – particularly those in the private fund space – were hoping for. Accordingly, we expect to see further movement in this area as the private fund industry and other interested parties continue to engage the regulators in a dialogue regarding broker-dealer registration requirements and the appropriateness, in the absence of such registration, of certain types of compensation arrangements and other sell side activities.


While conservationists, resource managers, scientists and coastal planners have recognized the broad applicability of marine protected areas (MPAs), they are often implemented without a firm understanding of the conservation science } both ecological and socio-economic } underlying marine protection. The rush to implement MPAs has set the stage for paradoxical differences of opinions in the marine conservation community. 2. The enthusiastic prescription of simplistic solutions to marine conservation problems risks polarization of interests and ultimately threatens bona fide progress in marine conservation. The blanket assignment and advocacy of empirically unsubstantiated rules of thumb in marine protection creates potentially dangerous targets for conservation science. 3. Clarity of definition, systematic testing of assumptions, and adaptive application of diverse MPA management approaches are needed so that the appropriate mix of various management tools can be utilized, depending upon specific goals and conditions. Scientists have a professional and


At present the legal forms of the usage of gas and oil resources in Russia are usually divided into two groups: administrative and contractual. In the first case which is general, the state uses the imperious power, and the basic conditions of the activity of a user of natural resources are determined in a special administrative act (license). In the second case, there is an investment contract between equal parties: the state and an investor.An international investment contract in the petroleum sector of any economy, including Russian one, can be considered an agreement between a host state and a private foreign investor concerning investing in search, investigation, and production of oil and gas on the territory of the host state. A similar definition is proposed by different authors (A. Bogatyrev, M. Kulagin, etc.). Having analyzed the rules of law of different countries and the contemporary practice of making such contracts, the author defines the following specific features of the contract. First, the parties of the contract are a state (a government or a ministry of the state) and a private person (a national or foreign investor). Second, the contract is made in the sphere where there are public (social) interests and which is in the exclusive competence of the state. The state grants the exclusive rights to the investor - access to investment activity concerning definite objects - a particular plot of subsurface, which is in the state's property. Third, the investor is usually selected through auction after issuing an administrative act. Fourth, the investor fulfills definite activity concerning the extraction of minerals out of subsurface and independently bears all the expenses and risks under the implementation of an investment project. Fifth, the investor pays taxes and other payments to the state. Sixth, the contract regulates the broad spectrum of relations between the state and investor. They are both horizontal, i.e. civil-law relations (sharing of products, building, and maintaining, etc.), and vertical, i.e. tax, customs, administrative and other similar relations. Seventh, constructed real estate becomes the state's property upon the termination of the contract (completion of construction, compensation of the investor's expenses). Eighth, the contract is made on the basis of the national law of the host state with the application of appropriate rules of international law. Ninth, the relations between the state and investor are long-term.As it is known there are several contractual forms of the usage of gas and oil resources. In particular, professor V. Mozolin distinguishes three kinds which are spread in developing countries: Instrument of Approval; Guarantee Agreements; Concession Contracts. He believes that there is no substantial difference among them. "In fact in all cases a governmental body makes a decision in which it allows an investor to invest or not". They all are administrative acts by their legal nature. However it is hardly agreed with him. It is argued that such an approach underestimates civil law elements in the contracts concerned.The contractual forms are determined in the draft federal law «On Concession Contracts Concluded with Russian and Foreign Investors". They are a concession contract, production sharing contract, and service contract which all are called concession contracts (that is not exactly right). Such a classification is also proposed by A. Kirin.It is resumed that under a concession contract extracted products and obtained revenues are usually passed to an investor's property. In production sharing contracts an investor receives only a part of extracted products to his property (compensation products and his share of profitable products minus the profit tax), the other products belong to the state ownership. The investor is generally released from all the taxes and other mandatory payments stipulated by the national law of the state. Their collection is substituted by sharing the produced products. Service contracts include all contracts in which an investor receives only a reward after obtaining the result stipulated in the contracts. The extracted products are in the state's property. There are many types of service contracts in mining countries. They are a technical evaluation agreement, technical assistance contract, joint operating agreement, enhanced oil recovery agreement, contract of work, loan agreement, and others.A. Perchik believes that in theory any type of contracts under mining oil and gas is determined by two factors. They are legal (i.e. ownership) and economic (i.e. form of reimburse of expenses and extraction of revenues). Using these factors, he proposes to distinguish four kinds of contracts. Such an approach is deemed worthy of notice because it reflects the matter (legal and economic substances and their correlation) of international investment contracts in the oil and gas sphere. However there are some remarks and ideas to be noted concerning his understanding of the contracts. In particular, it is hardly agreed that an investor has the only right of possession or disposal of oil and gas products. The matter is that the investor always has the right of possession if he extracts minerals himself. Secondly, under a concession contract an investor has not only the right of possession, but also the right of disposal of oil and gas products. Developing A. Perchik's classification, the author proposes dividing international investment contracts into three groups:1) concession contracts (the property right to extracted oil and gas minerals belongs to the investor; incomes are calculated on the basis of revenues);2) production sharing contracts (the property right to extracted oil and gas minerals belongs to the state and investor; incomes are calculated on the basis of production sharing);3) service contracts (the property right to extracted oil and gas minerals belongs to the state; incomes are calculated on the basis of revenues or on the basis of production sharing).


Through a consideration of a case history psychotherapy is described as a creative process consisting of the moment of landscaping, figuring, and storying experience. Special emphasis is placed upon the work of re-membering in this creative process and final consideration is given to how this approach to psychotherapy regards the issues of symptoms and dreams.


Introduction: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally, representing a significant public health concern. More than 60 million people are affected by glaucoma worldwide; as this population ages, the number is expected to increase. Glaucoma is a collection of heterogeneous diseases sharing common clinical characteristics. The goal of treatment is to prevent significant visual dysfunction through reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). Areas covered: This is a review of the current literature about combination therapeutic regimens for the reduction of IOP, focusing on the risk : benefit profile of a fixed-combination therapy using travoprost and timolol. Expert opinion: Since the debut of prostaglandin analogues in the 1990s, only modest innovation has occurred in glaucoma pharmacology. A growing body of research has established that the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK) might not be the benign contributor expected of excipient ingredients. Thus, BAK-free treatments were developed, with the goal of IOP reduction without furthering ocular surface disease symptoms. The BAK-free travoprost/timolol combination represents an important addition to glaucoma medication options and may fill an unmet need in this therapeutic arena.


The paper deals with the current software architectures for intermediate system for Intranet and small-range wireless interconnections. This article brings two case studies founded on real-world applications that demonstrate another input to network convergence and network modeling in software architecture development stemming from design experience based on industrial network applications and on metropolitan networking. The first case study focuses on IEEE 1451 family of standards that provides a design framework for creating applications based not only on IP/Ethernet profile but also on ZigBee. Next case study explores how security and safety properties of Intranets can be verified under every network configuration using model checking.


Concepts, Themes, and Strategies. Introduction and Overview: Creating a Healing Matrix, Klein, Schermer. Initiating, Screening, and Maintaining Psychotherapy Groups for Traumatized Patients, Goodman and Weiss. Management of Trauma-Related Affect, Defenses, and Dissociative States, Hegeman and Wohl. Group-as-a-Whole Dynamics in Work with Traumatized Patients: Technical Strategies, Their Rationales and Limitations, Ganzarain. Hazardous Terrain: Countertransference Reactions in Trauma Groups, Ziegler, McEvoy Special Populations and Trauma Groups. Group Psychotherapy for the Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, ^iJohnson and Lubin Group Psychotherapy for Survivors of Sexual and Physical Abuse, Buchele Group Psychotherapy adn Pscyhological Traumata of Prolonged, Severe, and/or Terminal Illness, Marcus, Bernard Children of Trauma and Loss: Their Treatment in Group Psychotherapy, Keyser, Seelaus, Kahn. When Trauma Affects a Community: Group Interventions and Support after a Disaster, Dembert, Simmer. Group Psychotherapy for Victims of Political Torture and Other Forms of Severe Ethnic Persecution, von Wallenburg Pachaly. Group Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder and Allied Dissociative Disorders, Fine, Madden Group Treatment of "Complex Disorders" (Severe Clinical Disorders, Personality Disorders, and Substance Use Problems), Gallagher, Kibel


This research is conducted based on mathematics learning outcomes of class VIII3 students of state Junior High School 25 Pekanbaru which is still under KKM (Minimum Criteria of mastery learning) that has been settled by the school that is 75. This approach of this research is classroom action research with 2 cycles. The subjects of the study were students of class VIII3 SMPN 25 Pekanbaru consisting of 15 male students and 27 female students with heterogeneous ability. This research was conducted on 28 April 2016 until 23 May 2016. The data in this study were obtained from the observations of teacher and student activity and student outcomes by analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the data analysis of teacher and student activity after implementing a Think Talk Write strategy in cooperative learning, teacher and student activities are done well and experienced improvement at each meeting. Based on the data analysis of student learning outcomes, there is an increase in student learning outcomes in each cycle. Based on the analysis of KKM achievement, the number of students who reached KKM at UH 1 amounted to 35 people with percentage 83,3 % and UH 2 amounted to 39 people with percentage 90,48 %. Based on the analysis of frequency distribution, there is an increase in the number of students who get very high criteria and the decrease in the number of students who get enough and low criteria. From this study can be concluded that the implementation Think Talk Write strategy in cooperative learning approach can improve the learning process and also to remind students of mathematics learning outcomes of VIII3 students of state Junior High School 25 Telekomunikasi Pekanbaru even semester of academic year 2015/2016 at KD 5.2 Making cube nets, beams, prisms and pyramids and on KD 5.3 Calculate surface area and volume cubes, beams, prisms and pyramids.


Abstract. Terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy is considered as an attractive tool for the analysis of chemical composition. The traditional methods for identification and quantitative analysis of chemical compounds by THz spectroscopy are all based on full-spectrum data. However, intrinsic features of the THz spectrum only lie in absorption peaks due to existence of disturbances, such as unexpected components, scattering effects, and barrier materials. We propose a strategy that utilizes Lorentzian parameters of THz absorption peaks, extracted by a multiscale linear fitting method, for both identification of pure chemicals and quantitative analysis of mixtures. The multiscale linear fitting method can automatically remove background content and accurately determine Lorentzian parameters of the absorption peaks. The high recognition rate for 16 pure chemical compounds and the accurate predicted concentrations for theophylline-lactose mixtures demonstrate the practicability of our approach.


Allelopathy, better known as plant chemical warfare, has had a checkered history in the field of ecology. Now, as
 Fitter
 explains in his Perspective, new evidence supports allelopathy as a mechanism for the successful invasion of natural habitats by exotic plant species such as the Eurasian spotted knapweed.


The occurrence of depression in people with learning disability is not a late-20th century phenomenon. Reports were first published in the 1800s describing the existence of depression in individuals with intellectual impairment (Clouston, 1883). However, as we enter a new millennium, the appropriate diagnosis, assessment and treatment of depression, and indeed all forms of mental illness in people with learning disability, will become the focus of considerable concern for all professionals working in this field. With recent national trends towards de-institutionalisation, referral of individ uals with learning disability to psychiatrists to 'rule out a possible depressive illness' and to 'advise about further treatment' will increase. It remains


By the projection operator technique the non-Markovian kinetic equation for the density matrix of a crystal impurity centre in an external electromagnetic field is derived, taking into account the electron–phonon interaction. The analytical solutions of this equation are obtained for the external field as an ultrashort pulse and in the case of a monochromatic wave.

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This essay researches on problem and contradiction existing in CUBA developing process. Result shows: Industrialized run mode of CUBA is conflict to commonweal objective of higher education, universities and colleges don't exert leading action in management and operation of CUBA. The essay suggests we strengthen the leading action of universities and colleges and reform profoundly on management system of CUBA , resume commonweal character organization of CUBA and Constitute step by step a university basketball association compliant to domestic higher education.


Objective: The aim of this study was to provide gender, age, and morbidity specific Norwegian general population normative values for the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires QLQ C30, the sexual health questionnaire QLQ SHQ22, and the sexual domains of the breast modules QLQ BR23 and QLQ BR45. Methods: A random nation-wide sample stratified by gender and age groups (18 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69 and 70 to 79 years) was drawn from the Norwegian National Population Register. Participants were notified through National online health services (HelseNorge) and by postal mail. The survey included sociodemographic background information, HRQoL assessed by the EORTC questionnaires, and morbidity by The Self Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression was carried out to estimate the associations of age, sex, and morbidity with the EORTC scale and item scores. Results: Of the 15,627 eligible individuals, 5.135 (33%) responded. Women and persons with morbidities reported lower functioning and higher symptom burden than men and persons without morbidities, respectively, on nearly all EORTC scales. Sex differences were most prominent for Emotional Functioning, Pain, Fatigue, and Insomnia (QLQ C30), Body Image, Sexual Functioning (QLQ BR23/45), Importance of Sexual Activity, Libido, and Fatigue (QLQ SHQ22). The score differences between persons with and without morbidity were highly significant and largest among the youngest and middle-aged groups. Conclusion: The present study is the first to provide normative values for the EORTC sexual health questionnaire QLQ SHQ22 and the sexual subscales of the QLQ BR23 and QLQ BR45, for all separately in age groups by sex and morbidity.


6 Background: Penile cancer is a rare disease associated with HPV infection and harbors recurrent somatic genomic alterations in the ERBB (HER)-family, CDKN2A, TP53, NOTCH1 and PIK3CA. ctDNA assay allows the noninvasive genomic profiling of malignancies and may assist with understanding molecular evolution. To our knowledge, the genomic alterations observed in ctDNA for penile cancer have not been described before. We report ctDNA profiling of patients with advanced penile cancer. Methods: Sixteen pts with metastatic penile cancer from multiple institutions in the United States that underwent ctDNA analysis using the Guardant360 platform were eligible. Three patients had at least one serial ctDNA sample. De-identified demographic data were collected. Guardant 360 is CLIA-certified ctDNA panel that assesses single nucleotide variants and copy number alterations in 68 to 73 genes for potentially actionable genomic alterations. Variants seen at least 3 times in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database or reported in OncoKB were considered pathogenic. Results: The median age was 64 years (range 40-77). 4 pts (25%) were documented to be post platinum-based chemotherapy. Among the entire cohort, 51 ctDNA alterations were detected (median=2, range 0-6) in 15/16 patients (94%) across 21 genes (table). Of the 51 alterations, 24 (47%) were actionable and had approved targeted therapies in other cancers. Alterations were most frequently detected in TP53 (9/16, 56%), CDKN2A (5/16, 31%), and TERT promoter (5/16, 31%) (table). In 3 patients with serial samples, 9 novel pathogenic alterations were detected in the second sample including ATM, CDKN2A, ARID1A, CCND1, CDK6, EGFR, PDGFRA, PIK3CA, and SMAD4. Conclusions: ctDNA alterations in patients with advanced penile cancer were frequently detected and appeared similar to previously described tumor tissue analyses. New alterations found on serial ctDNA assays shed light on patterns of tumor evolution and may inform drug development for this challenging orphan malignancy.[Table: see text]


Purpose We investigate the effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on the migration of human Tenon fibroblasts (HTF), using irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) blocker (ARB) as a potential antifibrotic agent in glaucoma filtration surgery. Methods Confluent HTF cultures were scratched with a 1 mL pipette tip and treated with either irbesartan (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) or angiotensin II (2 μg/mL). The extent of HTF migration up to 30 hours, and cell number and morphology at 72 hours was evaluated. To assess the effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, HTF were treated with either irbesartan (10 μg/mL) or angiotensin II (2 μg/mL) for 24 hours after scratching, and then stained with dihydroethidium (DHE) before evaluation by confocal microscopy. Results Irbesartan inhibited HTF migration by 50% to 70% compared to controls (P < 0.05). Levels of ROS were almost completely attenuated by irbesartan (DHE fluorescence intensity of 5.68E-09) (P < 0.05). Irbesartan reduced cell numbers by 50% and induced morphologic changes with loss of pseudopods (P < 0.05). Conversely, angiotensin II increased cell numbers up to 4-fold while retaining cell viability. Conclusions Irbesartan inhibited HTF migration and ROS production. It also reduced cell numbers and altered HTF morphology. Angiotensin II increased cell number without altering morphology. This initial study warrants future investigations for further potential antifibrotic effects of this drug. Translational Relevance This in vitro study focused on investigations of irbesartan's effects on HTF migration, ROS production, as well as HTF cell numbers and morphology. It suggests a potential therapeutic strategy worth further exploration with a view towards postoperative wound healing modulation in glaucoma filtration surgery.


Aim\ To make use of stalk material. Methods\ On the basis of experiment, the electron sweep microscope photoes of corn stalk are compared and analysed. Results\ The close construction of stalk material has been destroyed by explosion process. Conclusion The technology of explosion has important effect on the form of stalk material so that it is used widely.


BackgroundThe adverse health effects of air pollution are established at the individual level, and at the population level in major metropolitan areas. However, the effect on all-cause and cause-sp...


Background - This research is conducted to examine the relationship between population aging
and its effects on health expenditure. The study covers a period of 20 years from 1995 to 2014
and analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The motivation of this
study is to look at the implications of increasing the ageing population to health expenditure
in the context of Malaysia. In addition to the aging population, several other control variables
are also used, namely per capita income, infant mortality rate and urban population. According
to Department of Statistics (DOS), Malaysia is expected to become old countries in 2035.
Therefore, it is estimated that health spending will continue to increase to cover the increasing of this population group.The result of this study indicates the same outcomes of previous studies
which is increasing numbers of ageing population will significantly effect the health expenditure in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand in both long and short run.


The issue of inter-relation between stock returns and exchange rates has often been discussed by economists since they both play important roles in influencing the development of a country's economy. The specific objective of the study is to identify the Granger causality effect between the stock market and exchange rate volatility in the ASEAN 5 countries. In order to capture the interactions between stock market performance and exchange rate volatility, the multivariate vector autoregression (VAR) framework estimations were utilized. The results showed that there was a bi-directional causality or feedback interaction between stock market and exchange rate volatility in Malaysia and a unidirectional causality effect from stock market to exchange rate volatility in Thailand. However, the findings showed no causality between stock market and exchange rate volatility in Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore. Based on the findings, the Malaysian government must be cautious in their implementation of equity market and exchange rate policies relatively to the other ASEAN 4 countries because such policies have impact on both markets in Malaysia.


In January this year, the Bishop convened a meeting in Townsville of people who are involved in the education of Aboriginal and Islander children. The purpose of the meeting was to form a Committee to review and co-ordinate Diocesan policy in regards to the education of Aboriginal students. At its second meeting, the Review and Co-ordinating Committee considered a proposal by the Aboriginal Advisor, Catholic Education Office. The essence of that proposal was that there ought to be an Aboriginal and Islander Group to advise on matters relating to Aboriginal and Islander education. Subsequently the Committee approved of the proposal and a submission was made to the Diocesan Education Council requesting that an Advisory Group be established.


The present paper provides evidence from an artificial grammar learning task that supports abstract representations for phonology. Learners exposed to a novel back/round vowel harmony pattern were able to discriminate between grammatical and ungrammatical items that contained novel affixes, even though participants rated these novel items as highly dissimilar to exposure items. These results suggest that learners do not use exemplar-based notions of similarity as a metric for acceptability, but use abstract notions of grammaticality and markedness.


The concept of sojourn time and a sojourn time operator, aimed at describing the length of time spent by a quantum mechanical system in a given subspace of states, is investigated. A general rigorous definition to the sojourn time operator is given and some of its properties are studied. In particular, it is shown that the usual Born's probability interpretation of the associated spectral measure yields strange, if not paradoxical, results, resembling the well‐known quantum mechanical Zeno paradox. Also a specific example of a free nonrelativistic particle is considered. Here it is proven that the probability Pt(Ω) of the particle being present in a volume Ω at time t cannot vanish on a set of t having nonzero measure. This implies that the sojourn time in Ω never vanishes, and that zero is never an eigenvalue of the sojourn time operator. It is also shown that for a very general class of sets Ω, including all bounded sets, the sojourn time turns out to be bounded with a bound independent of the initial s...


A ' LAW ' which had been supposed by many writers to govern the heredity of mental disease was, said the speaker, the subject of his address. In virtue of this law there was said to be a tendency for an inherited disease to occur in the child at an earlier age than that at which it occurred in the parent. This phenomenon had been called anticipation, ante-dating, ante-position, and, in France, pre'cession. Tracing the development of the theory, Darwin, it seemed, said that there was a strong tendency for a disease to occur in the offspring at the same period of life as in the parent, but where this rule failed, the disease more often occurred at an earlier than at a later age. The French psychiatrist, Morel, in I859, discussing heredity in relation to mental disease, said that in some stocks the type of insanity appeared in a more intense form and at an earlier age in each succeeding generation, until the family, being unable to propagate further, died out. Dr. Henry Maudsley wrote that there was a silent tendency in Nature to restore an insane stock to a sound type, if regeneration was possible, or to end it, if the degeneration was too bad to mend. It would be noticed, however, that he did not say that anticipation was the rule, merely that it could occur. Later, E. Nettleship collected pedigrees in which other diseases occurred, notably cataract and diabetes, and believed anticipation in these cases to be the rule. At Nettleship's instigation the late Sir Frederick Mott initiated an inquiry in I909, to find out whether anticipation was the rule in mental disease. With this end in view he instituted a card-index system, in which the name of each patient in the London County Council mental hospitals, who had either a parent, child, or other relative in one of these hospitals, was recorded, together with the date of admission, age of onset, and type of psychosis of both relatives. Mott then compiled statistics which appeared to show that not only was the age at which the psychosis started much earlier in the children than in the parents, but also earlier in nephews and nieces than in uncles and aunts. From the results of this inquiry Mott concluded that "-this signal tendency of insane offspring to suffer with a more intense form of the disease, and at an earlier age, is of great importance for the following reasons: first, it is one of Nature's methods for ending or mending a degenerate stock; secondly, it is of importance to the physician, for he can say that there is a diminishing risk of the child becoming insane after he has passed 25, a matter of great importance in the question of marriage; thirdly, it is of importance in connection with the subject of social surgery of the insane, for when the first attack of insanity occurs in the parent, the children, for the most part, have all been born." The speaker said that he would direct his arguments against this work of Mott' s because Mott was the most distinguished writer who had upheld the so-called law of anticipation. This law had been repeatedly quoted as an argument against the utility of eugenic measures, since it was argued that Nature caused insane stocks to die out, or else, less frequently, allowed a spontaneous recovery. Mott had to a large extent taken as his material the patients in Colney Hatch Mental Hospital, and the speaker (through the courtesy of Dr. Brander, the Superintendent,) had had access to that material. He had examined over 4,000 cases in that institution, and was thus able to compare the material which Mott used in i9ii with that which obtained to-day. As a result of his investigation the speaker concluded that


The aim of the paper is to devise an instrument that can immediately and accurately measure supporting time (ST) and flying time (FT) so as to estimate and monitor the related training variables of Drop Jump. The instrument contains an integrated circuit board with an 89C52 single chip, which has required programs written by assembly language. Then the instrument is connected to piezoelectric sensor to enable it to measure ST and FT, which will be shown on the LCD display. The measured data will then be transferred to a connected computer for storage and further analysis.


f a corporate aviation safety manager is worth his salt he will consult accident statistics to help determine where his flight department's real risks are. It is written large throughout such statistics that the 1st cause of fatal aviation accidents today is loss of control in-flight (LOC-I). This category now tops even controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) in fatalities. You can use Google to find Boeing Aircraft Company's Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents 1959-2013 and look at the chart on page 22. If our safety manager operates an SMS, he will have to identify mitigation for this risk. He could, for example, stress that pilots should accept no less spacing on a visual approach than ATC must provide them under IFR. Do they know what that spacing is? Or have they forgotten? Adequate spacing and other measures could diminish the wake turbulence threat, but LOC-I has many causes, not just wake vortices. People die in LOC-I accidents after thunderstorms and windshear penetrations, after flight control malfunctions—Boeing 737 rudder actuators among them— or due to vertigo or inattention, in icing, in mountain waves and after messing up with automation. China Airlines has lost 2 Airbus A300s because the pilots mishandled the automation of perfectly good airplanes. And the list is long. No single mitigation resource will remove the potential for upsets to happen. Colgan Air's accident at BUF (Buffalo NY) and Air France's crash into the Atlantic involved shockingly poor pilot performance from supposed professionals. UPRT for professional crews has come to the forefront as a remedy. Europeans have incorporated UPRT in actual aircraft—not just in simulators—into new IATA guidelines for professional licensing through the new multi pilot license (MPL) airline pilot training programs. FAA is still mulling it over. Corporate flight depts and some OEMs recognize value of UPRT


This paper investigates the potential of the Finite-Volume Time-Domain (FVTD) method for the numerical modeling of antennas. The most attractive features of conformal timedomain methods such as FVTD are their geometrical flexibility granted by the spatial discretization using inhomogeneous unstructured polyhedral meshes. Three techniques essential for enhancing the applicability of the FVTD method for practical antenna problems are discussed in this paper: A local time-stepping scheme that increases the simulation efficiency of multi-scale structures, an Sparameter extraction procedure for the modeling of ports, and an efficient domain truncation based on perfectly-matched layers (PML). The simulation of the interaction between two probe-fed cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) in an array configuration is presented as model problem for illustrating these techniques. The mutual coupling coefficient S21 between the two DRAs is computed and compared to measured data for validation.


We conceptualize and measure upward mobility over income or wealth. At the core of our exercise is the Growth Progressivity Axiom: transfers of instantaneous growth rates from relatively rich to poor individuals increases upward mobility. This axiom, along with mild auxiliary restrictions, identifies an "upward mobility kernel" with a single free parameter, in which mobility is linear in individual growth rates, with geometrically declining weights on baseline incomes. We extend this kernel to trajectories over intervals. The analysis delivers an upward mobility index that does not rely on panel data. That significantly expands our analytical scope to data-poor settings. (JEL D31, D63, I32, O15, O40)


Jesuits, minimum) to staff colleges. Although Martin's research is extensive, his analysis that Jesuits were more progressive than others in their wisdom is not very convincing. For example, he uses the absence of astrological explanations for plague in his sources as proof of Jesuit progress: because his sources seldom mention such phenomena as causes, he concludes that "most Jesuits" did not believe in astrology (p. 106). Yet, in order to decide which Jesuits would stay behind, "complexions" were used (p. 123). To forecast a "complexion" for an individual, a knowledge of astrology was necessary. Jesuits were as unexceptional in their use of astrology as in their choice to flee the plague. If his apology for the Jesuits rests on a tendency to hold them innocent, his comparison between Protestant and Catholic responses to plague furthers that cause. Allegedly, Protestants differentiated between the health of the body and of the soul; by contrast, Jesuits recommended spiritual medicine for body and soul, prayers to the Virgin, processions, and masses. To answer criticism that Jesuit piety was superstitious, Martin claims that their devotion was always christocentric, "even though their accounts of epidemic disease contain no explicit indications of their devotion to Christ" (pp. 103-104). Comparing the Jesuit reaction to plague with the popular response, which resulted in antiJewish pogroms in the fourteenth century, the author claims that "no Jesuit ever pointed a finger at a Jew, but Jesuits did blame Protestants" (p. 110). Martin generalizes from his sources to the advantage of Jesuits. In examining Philippe Aries's contention that Jesuits reduced the importance of "a good death," he notes that Calvinists died "with horrendous invocations of the devil . . . while Catholics . . . consoled each other and died voluntarily" (p. 165). In his conclusion, Martin writes that Calvinists and Jansenists were pessimists because they based their teaching on St. Augustine; Jesuits were optimists. Ultimately, Protestants were no more successful than Catholics at reconciling flight from the plague with the law of charity. While Luther and Bugenhagen remained behind to tend the sick in Wittenberg in 1527, Melanchthon was already in Jena with the rest of the university; he fled again in 1535, 1539, 1544, and 1552. Regarding flight, Calvin recommended the use of "good sense" during epidemics. Borromeo and the few Protestant clergy who stayed behind were the real exceptions. Martin's research would have made a more convincing journal article, had he been able to leave partisan politics and modern medicine behind.


Abstract Passive cooling techniques such as night time cross ventilation can potentially provide substantialcooling energy savings in warm climates. The efficiency of night cooling ventilation is determined by three main factors: the external airflow rate in the room, the flow pattern and the thermal mass distribution. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of the enclosure shape and the situation of inlet/outlet openings on the total cooling energy stored in the structure. This analysis presents a comprehensive sample of typologies to generate guidelines which can help the designer with the distribution of the thermal mass and inlet/outlet openings in the enclosure. The approach combines a theoretical analysis which characterizes the enclosure charge/discharge time constants and storage efficiencies with simulation studies based on computational fluid dynamics software (CFD).


: The positive relationship between firm size and export behaviour is often considered certain. However, the vast number of studies in this area shows discrepancies in the findings: the majority of them confirm a positive and statistically significant relationship, some studies found no significant relationship and others suggested a negative association between firm size and export performance. This study attempts to clarify these conflicting findings in the export marketing literature by empirically examining the impact of firm size on export performance, by using different proxies for the variable 'firm size' and diverse indicators for the 'export performance' variable. The main aim of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between firm size and export performance using a sample of Portuguese firms, of different industries, to explicitly control for possible sectorial factors influencing the relationship in analysis. We found that using the same sample of companies, if we vary the proxies used to measure the Firm size determinant, even fixing the Export performance proxy we have opposite signals of the impact of the determinant in the export performance.


This study was conducted to obtain hydrolysates with potent antioxidative activity from rockfish skin gelatin. Gelatin was extracted under high temperature/high pressure using a two-step enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial enzymes such as Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, and Protamex. The second rockfish-skin gelatin hydrolysate (SRSGH) was prepared by further incubating the first gelatin hydrolysate (FRSGH), which had been hydrolyzed with Alcalase for 1-h (FRSGH-A1), with Flavourzyme for 2-h (SRSGH-F2). The second gelatin hydrolysate showed higher antioxidative activity of 3.72 as measured by a Metrohm Rancimat and superior angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity of 0.82 mg/mL. Compared with the gelatin, the relative proportion in SRSGH-F2 was markedly decreased in the 100-kDa peak, whereas it was increased in that less than 100-kDa. The amino acid composition of SRSGH-F2 was rich in glycine (25.9%), proline (10.8%), alanine (9.1%), and glutamic acid (9.1%). In contrast, it was poor in cystine (not detected), methionine (1.6%), tyrosine (0.4%), hydroxylysine (0.9%), and histidine (0.9%). In recent years, demand for natural functional foods has been increasing, and SRSGH-F2 can be used as a functional food ingredient in the food industries. However, further detailed studies on SRSGH-F2 with regard to its antioxidant activity in vivo and the various antioxidant mechanisms are needed.


A polycrystalline diamond pick-rod machining process comprises the following steps of firstly, machining a pick-rod body, forming a prefabricated groove in an end of the working end of the pick-rod body, and machining a polycrystalline diamond composite piece at the same time; secondly, inlaying the polycrystalline diamond composite piece in the prefabricated groove; thirdly, conducting quality examination; fourthly, conducting surface corrosion prevention processing after examination is conducted; fifthly, conducting packaging and putting a pick-rod in storage. The strength, the abrasion resistance and the impact resistance of the pick-rod machined according to the process are improved, the pick-rod is not prone to fracture and bending under high-frequency continuous work, the service life is greatly prolonged, and work efficiency is greatly improved.


Competition is the best means to ensure efficient allocation of resources. Hence, the achievement of value for money depends crucially on the development of public procurement activities in highly competitive markets. However, public procurement can generate significant (negative) effects on market competition dynamics - which, in a significant number of instances, result in a loss of efficiency and, ultimately, of social welfare. Therefore, competition-restrictive public procurement is self-defeating. However, most publicly-generated competition restrictions are avoidable - particularly through the establishment and full-enforcement of a competition principle. Based on the regulatory situation in the European Union, this paper focuses on the relevance of placing a competition principle amongst the basic foundations and goals of public procurement (together with transparency and efficiency), and offers general criteria for the development of a competition-oriented public procurement system that furthers social welfare by means of increased value for money.


The effect of high gate-to-drain transverse field stressing at cryogenic temperature is characterized through gate-to-drain capacitance measurement. A larger degradation effect is observed at low temperature measurement because the effect of Coulomb scattering by interface charge on mobility degradation is more significant and carrier concentration is more sensitive to surface potential variation. Also, more acceptor states are ionized causing increase in interface charges. For low stressing temperature, more trapped holes and interface states are created. These holes trapping are due to shallow-level trap centers where the captured holes will thermally re-emit as the device is warmed to room temperature.


Abstract Background The majority of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who receive PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy as a second-line treatment do not respond. These treatments might not only affect the tumor microenvironment, but also alters the systemic dynamics of immune cell populations. Thus, the role of CD4 immunity in patients undergoing PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy remains unclear. Methods Peripheral blood samples from 51 NSCLC patients were obtained previous to the initiation of the PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy. Baseline T cell differentiation subsets based on CD27/CD28 expression were quantified by flow cytometry and correlated with responses. Baseline CD4 and CD8 T cells from NSCLC patients were co-cultured with T cell-stimulator cell line by expressing a membrane-bound anti-CD3 single-chain antibody in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells line (A549-SC3 cells) and PD-1, LAG-3 and Ki67 markers were assessed by flow cytometry. Results In our cohort study NSCLC patients were separated in two groups by a cut-off value of 40% CD4 THD (CD27-CD28low/-) cells: "G1 cohort" patients with more than 40% THD cells, and "G2 cohort" patients with less than 40%. Objective responders were found only within the G1 cohort (P = 0.0001). Interestingly, CD4 T cells from G2 patients were remarkably impaired in proliferation after ex vivo activation with A549-SC3 cells compared to CD4 T cells from G1 patients. CD8 T cells from both G1 and G2 patients were equally impaired in proliferation. CD4 T cells from G2 donors presented a significantly higher co-expression of PD-1 and LAG-3 compared with CD4 T cell from G1 donors after stimulation. CD4 T cells from both G1 and G2 patient cohorts were proficient in cytokine expression. Moreover, the proliferative capacities of CD8 T cells were recovered during after immunotherapy but only in patients with functional proliferative CD4 immunity. Conclusions This study uncovers that proliferative functionality of systemic CD4 immunity is required for clinical responses to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy. Moreover, CD4 T cells from G2 patients were not exhausted, indeed they responded to stimulation by producing cytokines although with strong co-upregulation of PD-1/LAG-3 associated with diminished proliferative capacities. Legal entity responsible for the study Immunomodulation group-Navarrabiomed Research Center. Funding Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (AECC). Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


A system and method for calculating a path latency. A among the plurality of switches, in a software defined network default routing path exists between the first switch and the last switch, insert the monitoring rules to each switch, a rule match packets received on each switch in the next ordered to transfer to the switch, it commands to transmit the first and PacketIn messages to the controller at the end of the switch. Further, each switch, and insert the monitoring probe that matches the monitoring rules in the same switch, initiated in response to instructions specified in the monitoring rules to the arrival of the packet received by the switch. Furthermore, collected PacketIn timestamp is set to PacketIn message, to estimate the path latency from groups thereof. .FIELD 1


The present study identifies the environmental education awareness of senior secondary school students in relation to type of school, gender and subject streams. Environmental Awareness Ability Measure was used for collecting data from a random sample of 200 senior secondary school students. Statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation and t test were applied for analysis of data. The results revealed high level of environmental education awareness in these students. No significant differences were observed in environmental education awareness in relation to type of school, gender and subject streams. However, significant differences were observed between government male and female senior secondary school students as well as private male and female senior secondary school students. Insignificant difference in environmental education awareness was observed between government science and art students as well as private science and art students of senior secondary schools.


Air density uncertainty is usually evaluated as if its input quantities were uncorrelated and as if the mathematical model was linear. The present work takes the CIPM 81/91 formula as a starting point and proposes arguments in favour or against in order to take into account the correlation components and the higher order terms of the Taylor series expansion in the analysis of air density uncertainty.


An adaptive amplitude normalized nonlinear gradient descent (AANNGD) algorithm for the class of nonlinear finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive filters (dynamical perception) is introduced. This is achieved by making the amplitude of the nonlinear activation function gradient adaptive. The proposed learning algorithm is suitable for processing of nonlinear and nonstationary signals with a large dynamical range, and removes the unwanted effect of saturation nonlinearities. For rigor, sensitivity analysis is performed and the improved performance of the AANNGD algorithm over the standard LMS, NGD, NNGD, the fully adaptive NNGD (FANNGD) and the sign algorithm is verified by simulations on nonlinear and nonstationary inputs with large dynamics.


Objective To develop a plateau emergency medical treatment system on the helicopter for firstaid of critical patients in the plateau at peace time and wartime.Method With the characteristics of M17B-7 helicopter considered,the components of the system were supposed to include a chest for pulmonary resuscitation and monitoring,a firstaid backpack,two thermal bags and four transport stretchers.Results The resuscitation and monitoring device was gifted with perfect ergonomic design,and the requirements for firstaid,resuscitation,rewarming and heat preservation were satisfied by the firstaid backpack and thermal bags.The system could be applied to emergency treatment of combined,multiple injuries,such as dressing,hemostasia and fixation,as well as keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed,efficient respiratory support,maintenance of vital signs and treatment of cold injury.Conclusion The plateau emergency medical treatment system on the helicopter behaves well in medical treatment and field survival ability,and thus can be allocated according to service requirements and troops' organizational system for searching and firstaid of the person in distress in the plateau.


An individual's health status can be reflected in blood pressure. Many factors can affect blood pressure. This study aims to evaluate risk factors for blood pressure in adults in Cihanjuang Rahayu village. With a crosssectional approach, this study was conducted on a total of 120 respondents selected by purposive sampling. Filling out questionnaires and measuring height and weight, and blood pressure were performed to obtain data in this study. More than half of respondents have blood pressure above normal which is classified as elevated and hypertension. Socio-demographic data such as age and marital status have a significant relationship with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <.05). Educational level and occupation were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (p <.05). While the level of income has a significant relationship with diastolic blood pressure (p <.05). Body Mass Index with systolic and diastolic blood pressure has a significance value of p <.05. There was no significant relationship (p> .05) between activity level, stress level, smoking, drinking coffee, sex, and family history with blood pressure. Conducting a healthy lifestyle is very important to instill in the community to prevent and control high blood pressure.


Gyárfás and Sárközy conjectured that every n×n$$ n\times n $$ Latin square has a "cycle‐free" partial transversal of size n−2$$ n-2 $$ . We confirm this conjecture in a strong sense for almost all Latin squares, by showing that as n→∞$$ n\to \infty $$ , all but a vanishing proportion of n×n$$ n\times n $$ Latin squares have a Hamilton transversal, that is, a full transversal for which any proper subset is cycle‐free. In fact, we prove a counting result that in almost all Latin squares, the number of Hamilton transversals is essentially that of Taranenko's upper bound on the number of full transversals. This result strengthens a result of Kwan (which in turn implies that almost all Latin squares also satisfy the famous Ryser–Brualdi–Stein conjecture).


The effect of gamma-irradiation of the fluorine-doped silica depressed cladding graded-index fibre (DCGIF) has been researched. New mechanism of the non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC) defect formation, conditioned by different mobility of diffusion counter flows of fluorine and oxygen at the core-cladding interface, has been proposed. Using silica tubes with 0.02 wt% of OH groups and hydrogen in free state in MCVD-technology of DCGIF fabrication completely eliminates the NBOHC absorption at the wavelength of 630 nm. However, gamma-irradiation of such fibres results in anomalously high attenuation level in the visible range of optical spectrum. It was established that irradiation of DCGIF leads to light scattering which is probably due to the appearance of optical inhomogeneities in the glass matrix.


Our laboratory has reported that central command contributes to increased blood flow in the non‐contracting vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during voluntary one‐legged cycling exercise in sedentary subjects. The present study aimed to examine whether the muscle vasodilator response is affected by endurance training. Seven trained athletes and seven sedentary men performed voluntary or passive one‐legged cycling exercise and mental imagery of the voluntary exercise for 1 min. Exercise intensity was set at 35% of the maximal voluntary exercise. The relative changes in oxygenated‐hemoglobin concentration (Oxy‐Hb) of the gluteus medius (GM) and VL muscles in the non‐exercising leg were measured as index of muscle tissue blood flow with near‐infrared spectroscopy. In both groups, the Oxy‐Hb of the GM and VL muscles increased at the start period of voluntary one‐legged cycling. The increases in Oxy‐Hb of the muscles were significantly greater in trained athletes than in sedentary subjects. In contrast, the Oxy‐Hb of the GM and VL muscles was unchanged at the start period of passive one‐legged cycling, suggesting that the initial increases in Oxy‐Hb of both leg muscles during the voluntary exercise were not derived from a feedback by limb mechanosensitive afferents. The Oxy‐Hb of both muscles also increased during mental‐imagery of voluntary one‐legged cycling and the responses were greater in the athletes as compared to the sedentary subjects. Taken together, it is likely that the muscle vasodilator effect by central command is augmented by endurance training.


In historical terms, nationalism is not in itself progressive or reactionary, secular or communal, democratic or authoritarian, or anything else that can be expressed in simple categories of better or worse. It all depends upon its specific character, its program and leadership, and above all else, its concrete historical context. Nationalism in India before 1947 was indeed progressive, but under a different, more advanced class leadership it could have been radical, even revolutionary, because it aimed at resolving the basic structural contradictions concentrated in imperialism, whose resolution alone could clear the path for the Indian people's continuing struggle for a better future.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Flow is often presumed to determine the distribution of stream invertebrates across stream beds. When temperatures are high, however, dissolved oxygen (DO) and its interactions with other environmental gradients may be more important. Field surveys were carried out in summer at two sites in a sand-bed stream in south-east Australia. Using quantile regression, we quantified the abundance–environment relationships of a caenid mayfly and an ecnomid caddisfly, and determined whether DO, fine detritus or velocity was the dominant limiting variable, and to gain insight into the causal mechanisms. Local densities of caenids were driven by food resources (detritus) at a site with a short DO gradient. The relationship was completely reversed where long DO and detritus gradients interacted, and here DO appeared to limit density. Densities of ecnomids were limited by prey-rich detritus patches at both sites. The velocity gradient did not explain the distribution patterns in either species. Ecnomid diet altered with changes in the spatial distribution of caenids between sites; caenids were the dominant prey at one site, but proportionately fewer were consumed where there was a negative spatial overlap of predators and prey. These results show that invertebrate responses to environmental gradients can be complex and that flow may be unimportant.


This study was carried out to determine the skills required by electronics craftsmen for utilization of closedcircuit
television (CCTV) for job security in Enugu State. Three research questions and three null hypotheses
were formulated for the study. The population for the study was 50 respondents which included 35 electronics
craftsmen and 15 technologists in Enugu State. All the 50 respondents were used for the study without
sampling as a result of the relatively small population size. A 27 items statement questionnaire developed
based on the research questions and reviewed literature were used as instrument for data collection. Data
collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while t-test was used to test the three null
hypotheses at .05 level of significance and appropriate degree of freedom. The study revealed that
electronics craftsmen installation, maintenance and entrepreneurship skills are required by electronics
craftsmen for utilization of closed-circuit television (CCTV) for job security in Enugu State. It was therefore
recommended that electronic craftsmen should acquire adequate skills such as installation, maintenance and
entrepreneurship which will help them to function sustainably in the area of CCTV and Government should
conduct sensitization campaign in collaboration with technical education institutions to sensitize technical
college students on the need to acquire skills for effective utilization of CCTV for job security in Enugu State.


What would we say if some iconoclast in nomenclature should promulgate the dictum that the type of each genus must be the earliest described species now included in that genus? But when we stop to think of it that would be no more revolutionary than Kirkaldy's scheme to make the earliest described genus in each family the type genus of that family and when necessary to rename the family so it shall bear the name of such genus; a scheme, strange to say, that has had a considerable following among continental Hemipterists. Kirkaldy was led to his action through his efforts to restrict the limits of certain of the families of the earlier writers on Hemiptera and to use the names already applied for his new family concepts. Had he adopted instead the "historical method" used by him in naming genotypes and treated family names by the same rule he applied to generic names most of his difficulties would have vanished at once.


I discovered that the Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing (KJWHN) has been listed as a MEDLINE journal on the "Journals Recently Accepted for Inclusion in MEDLINE" website (https:// www.nlm.nih.gov/medline/medline_new_titles.html) on August 26, 2023. This list of recently accepted journals was published on August 25, 2023 (EST). I was thrilled to see KJWHN on the list, as it is a member journal of both the Korean Council of Science Editors and the Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors, organizations where I have served as president. I extend my congratulations to the editors, society executives, and all society members for their hard work in getting the journal listed in MEDLINE—"the United States National Library of Medicine's (US NLM) premier bibliographic database that contains more than 29 million references to journal articles in life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine." Another important partner was the publisher, which provides services such as XML and homepage production, English proofreading, and manuscript editing. It is indeed a significant challenge for an academic society in Korea to have a journal listed in MEDLINE. KJWHN is only the third journal in the nursing category in Korea to receive this honor. This accomplishment is a testament to the tireless efforts of all society members, particularly the expertise of the editor-in-chief, Dr. Sue Kim, who has held this position since January 2020.


In this article, the author describes a list of a few basic principles that first-year legal writers need to learn. Dunnewold stresses the following: (1) think ahead, (2) understand the appropriate support for a legal argument, (3) understand analogical argument, (4) focus on a few basic sentence structure principles, (5) focus on connectors, and (6) a rule is not a case illustration is not an argument.


Based on the mechanisms for stress-assisted corrosion problem of ship structures,the numerical simulation was carried out,with application of Charles-Hillig Model,to study the behavior of crack propagation,where the advanced front-tracking method was employed for finite element mesh construction and re-construction.Instead of explaining some specific chemical corrosive case,the general investigation of this paper is focussed on the relationship between crack tip velocity and the load,also the behavior of crack evolution,the simulation results meet the experiments very well.


The stem bark of Artocarpus kemando furnished 24-methylenecycloartenyl acetate (fatty acyl ester) (1) together with cycloartobiloxanthone (2). Compound 1 was obtained for the first time from this species. Structures of both compounds were determined using NMR and MS analysis. A cytotoxic study showed that the crude extract of the stem bark of Artocarpus kemando was significantly active against the HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cell) and IMR-32 (human neuroblastoma cell) cell lines. This is the first report on the cyctotoxic activity of Artocarpus kemando.
Dynamic Metadata(s).


It is impossible to be unaware of the current concern felt by people in all walks of life for the present and long term quality of the environment in which we live. The degree of this concern varies according to the degree of optimism which individuals can generate about society's ability to solve the various problems which control of the environment poses.


The paper focuses on a new type of solar collector used double plastic-steel windows and covered of double common glasses. To ensure air passage closed and insulation, the collector is prefabricated made in whole. The inside and backplane of collector are covered of heated enamel in dark green with copper oxide, magnesium oxide and iron oxide; The penetrated metal mesh is placed in air passage between absorber and glasses to enhance heat transfer. The size and position of gas inlet and outlet of collector could be specified by means of simulation and analysis. Heat loss coefficients and thermal efficiency are tested. The results show that thermal efficiency of collector is superior and performance of heat preservation is good. The application of collector in solar buildings can replace the Trombe wall and be used as a type of outdoor, easy to regulate their construction process and ensure the effect of solar collector.