A metamaterial waveguide is proposed for use in a linear accelerator. The waveguide walls are made of a metamaterial structure composed of complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). In such a metamaterial waveguide, a TM-like mode exists that can be excited by an electron bunch. A complementary split-ring resonator is formed by slots machined in a metallic plate. The fact that the metamaterial waveguide is both planar and composed of elements that are direct machined makes it both easy to build and easily scalable to higher frequency linear accelerators. The metamaterial waveguide is coupled to single mode rectangular waveguides. These waveguides can then be connected to a microwave network to couple power into or out of the waveguide. The metamaterial waveguide that is presented was designed using electromagnetic simulations in HFSS, and wakefield as well as PIC simulations of the structure were carried out using the CST Particle Studio code.


Objective To observe whether electroacupuncture (EA) is protective to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rabbits with acute cerebral infarction and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Eighty rabbits were used in this study. After establishing the acute cerebral infarction rabbit model,all the animals were randomly allocated to a model group and an EA group. The acupoint "Bai Hui" and "Shui Gou" in Du meridian in the rabbits of the experimental group were stimulated by EA. The content of ANP,cAMP and cGMP was examined. Results Compared with the model group,the content of ANP in blood plasma and cAMP in brain tissue of the EA group significantly increased,while the content of cGMP decreased,the ratio cAMP/cGMP increased nearly to the normal level. Conclusion The EA exerted protective effect and promoted repair of BBB in rabbits with acute cerebral infarction,which might be modulated by the changes of the content of ANP in blood plasma and cAMP,cGMP in brain tissue.


Abstract This article describes initiatives implemented in Finland to create an online learning environment for studying geographic information systems (GIS). A development project produced an online GIS tool called PaikkaOppi, aimed at promoting GIS studies and spatial thinking skills in upper secondary schools. The project is reviewed through analysis of its technical and pedagogical backgrounds and a description of how it was established and how the pilot phase has been implemented. The article also presents some of the key insights, notes and findings from the first pilot courses.


Sarah Hager is a volunteer leader at Amnesty International, U.S.A., serving as chair of the Southern Africa co-group where she guides the efforts of country specialists monitoring human rights in 12 countries.


This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and potential risk factors associated with the occurrence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in selected United States swine feed mills.


The process of creating the Albanian Federation, respectively the acceleration level, is combined with the EU integration process, respectively disintegration process. Certainly, the process of creating the Albanian Federation, as a political project does not face with the challenges the European Political Union project is facing, but the approach to the EU challenges will make us more clear the process from where could be outlined the creation of Albanian Federation. Divergences between the new and older EU members, but also between the EU member states that have national heterogeneity and as consequence were not allowed to pass the Rubicon of internal self-determination, different ethnicities within national borders ( Spain, Romania, Cyprus, Slovakia and Greece ) with those who present the type of homogeneous state ( Germany, Italy, Sweden, Slovenia, etc.. ), are reflected in the attitude towards Kosovo and, generally, the right to self-determination. Comparative overview of theses of Applied Policy Research Center ( CAP, Muenchen ) on possible trends in the development of European integration processes, in relation to the process of creating Albanian Federation to the first and fifth scenario results to be small, while to the fourth scenario this possibility seems to be big. The fourth scenario, combined with elements of the second scenario, it seems to be exactly that, in current circumstances is considered the most probable to be realized, but that goes in favour of the creation process of the Albanian Federation. Creation of the Albanian Federation should be regarded as a contribution to sustainable peace in the region. Albanian Federation could play a positive role in deepening the transatlantic relationship


Introduction: Delayed visual loss may occur in patients who have undergone surgical treatment for intracranial aneurysms due to an inflammatory foreign body reaction known as optochiasmatic arachnoiditis. This inflammatory process may be induced by muslin wrapping of intracranial aneurysms. Case report: A 61-year-old female underwent clipping of a right paraophthalmic artery aneurysm followed by wrapping with muslin. The patient developed recurrent visual loss over several years due to an inflammatory suprasellar mass and optochiasmatic arachnoiditis induced by the muslin. Results: The patient required two surgical decompressions of the optic nerves and chiasm and experienced a partial recovery of visual function after removal of the suprasellar mass. Histopathology of the mass revealed inflammatory cells and muslin. Conclusion: Ophthalmologists should be aware of the risk of optochiasmatic arachnoiditis due to muslin, and neurosurgeons should avoid the use of muslin, if possible, for aneurysms adjacent t...


Most patients with malaria present to their doctor with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, headache and slight scleral icterus. Making a high index of suspicion is necessary, especially to the travellers on returning from a malarious endemic area, even only a transient exposure history. Nearly 88% of falciparm malaria infection were acquired in West Africa in the early series, but a larger geographic area of acquisition of plasmodium falciparum including Thailand should be noticed. The eradication of malaria in Taiwan was announced by the WHO in 1965. But imported malaria rose steadily, especially in recent years due to increased frequency of travel and business. The non-use or the improper use of malarial prophylactic medication by the majority of individuals presenting with imported malaria. Our case presented as a full-brown severe and complicated falciparum malaria four days after retuning from Berma and Thailand encounted with the comlications including cerebral malaria, hypoglycemia, acute renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, hepatosplenomegaly and liver function impairment. Malaria was diagnosed soon at ER by peripheral blood smear and received anti-malarial drug treatment with intravenous quinine for one week and then replaced by oral quinine plus tetracycline for another week. He was cured and discharged on the 51st hospital day.


In the article, the Author outlined the course of the Austrian-Turkish peace negotiations in Sistova based on information published in the Polish-language Warsaw press. The talks, started in December 1790, were helding with the participation of representatives of the Triple Alliance of Loo (1788): Prussia, Great Britain and the Netherlands. As a result, Austria made peace with the Ottoman Empire (4 VIII 1791) on the basis of the territorial "status quo", which terminated lasting since 1788 war between both countries. A separate convention stipulated that the emperor would retain Old Orşova with the adjacent district and a small area of Croatia till the Una river, with the Cettin and Drežnik fortresses. All in all, supplementing the press reports with findings of the literature on the subject, the Author managed to obtain a relatively complete and not yet fully studied in Polish historical literature image of the issue indicated in the title.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence of positional obstructive sleep apnea (P-OSA) and rapid eye movement-related OSA (REM-OSA) in children with OSA and identify related factors.

METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study among children aged 2-12 years diagnosed with OSA using overnight polysomnography (PSG) between August 1, 2020 and July 31, 2021. Demographics, anthropometrics, PSG, and OSA-18 questionnaire data were recorded.

RESULTS
Data from a total of 474 children were available for analysis. Children had a median age 4.8 (4.1, 6.4) years, 66.7% were male, and 23.2% were obese. The prevalence of P-OSA was 38.2% and that of REM-OSA was 43.0%. P-OSA was correlated with age and OAHI (odds ratio [OR]=1.172, 0.947; P=0.005, <0.001, respectively), but not sex, obesity, and adenoid and tonsil size (OR=1.265, 0.785, 0.826, 0.989; P=0.258, 0.327, 0.153, 0.905, respectively). REM-OSA was correlated with age, adenoid size, tonsil size, and OAHI (OR=0.876, 1.320, 1.387, 1.021; P=0.024, 0.040, 0.001, 0.042) but not with sex and obesity (OR=0.910, 1.281; P=0.643, 0.315).

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of P-OSA was 38.2% and that of REM-OSA was 43.0% in children with OSA. Age was correlated with both the prevalence of P-OSA and REM-OSA, with an increasing and decreasing prevalence as children grew older, respectively. The severity of OSA was significantly associated with the prevalence of both P-OSA and REM-OSA. Adenoid and tonsil size were correlated with the prevalence of REM-OSA but not P-OSA. Obesity and sex were not associated with the prevalence of P-OSA or REM-OSA.


ABSTRACT Ecosurplus (ES) and ecodeficit (ED) based on flow duration curves have been used to assess hydrological alterations in contemporary research, but there are associated limitations. In this study a new method based on the discharge hydrograph is presented. The 12 monthly ESs and 12 monthly EDs constitute a new suite of indicators. Two types of equations are presented to calculate the degree of change in the ESs and EDs. A framework is proposed for classifying the risk of monthly EDs into four levels. Results show that inconsistencies among the eco-flows on different time scales ceased to exist. The second equation type showed a stronger performance in measuring the changes of monthly eco-flows. The risk graph intuitively demonstrates the risk levels of each month over past decades. The 24 indicators did not have strong correlations. This study is useful for water resource management considering the variations resulting from reservoir regulations.


We describe an automated remote cyclone detection and tracking approach using heterogeneous data from multiple satellites. Single Earth orbiting satellite has been used in the past to detect and track events such as cyclones but suffer from major drawbacks due to limited spatio-temporal coverage. Our novel approach addresses the challenges in using heterogeneous data from multiple data sources for knowledge discovery, tracking and mining of cyclones. Moreover, it offers better detection performance and spatio-temporal resolutions. Our solution is sufficiently powerful that it generalizes to multiple sensor measurement modalities. Our approach consists of: (i) feature extraction from each sensor measurement, (ii) an ensemble classifier for cyclone detection, and (iii) knowledge sharing between the different remote sensor measurements. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate (i) the superior performance of our cyclone detector compared to previous work on preprocessed historical data, (ii) stable performance of our cyclone detector when it is applied on different geographical regions (Western Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean), (iii) meaningful knowledge derived from the cyclone detector output, and (iv) the performance quality of our automated cyclone detection and tracking solution closely match the cyclone best track information from the National Hurricane Center.


In a recent communication by Arthur Edmunds, t it is stated that the fall of blood pressure produced by intravenous injection of bile salts is insignificant. The statement is supported by the reproduction of tracings obtained from such experiments. The one obtained after an injection of 5 cubic centimeters of a i per cent. solution of sodium glycocholate shows hardly any depression. The depression seen on the tracing obtained from an injection of 5 cubic centimeters of a i per cent. solution of sodium taurocholate corresponds to a fall of not more than 15 or 20 millimeters of mercury. The author states further that the subject was investigated in the same laboratory 2 a few years before by Dr. A. Young, who also found that the effect of bile salts on blood pressure was very slight. With 5 per cent. solutions of the salts the fall observed by him was hardly greater than that shown in the figures presented by the present author. There have not been very many studies of the effect of bile upon the blood pressure, and of those made only few workers have given particulars or reproduced kymographic tracings. L. Traube, ~ who was the first one to study the blood-pressure effect of these salts by means of the kymograph, states that an intravenous


The purpose of the article is to apply a systems framework to thc current international crisis involving the Middle East in order to identify and analyze the constraints as well as opportunities facing U.S. foreign policy-makers. There are three main points to our analysis: (1) An interdisciplinary, systemic perspective is essential for identifying 'turning points' or major structural transformations of systems, and for specifying the multiple adjustments that such transformations typically require. The systems perspective on which the article is based (see Buckley, 1967; Baumgartner et al. 1975a, 1975b, 1975c) can be contrasted to the more narrow military/political approach and action proposal of Tucker (1975a), as well as the more 'econo-


Considerable attention has been directed toward the morphologic changes which occur in the biliary system following surgical removal of the gallbladder. There are, however, practically no data available regarding the effect of cholecystectomy on the functional efficiency of the liver. At first it seems improbable that mere removal of the gallbladder should exert any deleterious effect on hepatic function. However, every surgeon of experience in this field has encountered instances of serious postoperative morbidity and even death following simple cholecystectomy in patients who were apparently in good condition before operation. A variety of factors are involved in the production of many of these postoperative calamities, e. g., anesthesia, undetected hepatic damage, renal complications, operative trauma and shock. In certain cases, however, the most careful preoperative study fails to reveal any significant hepatic or renal functional impairment; cholecystectomy is performed with no undue trauma; anesthesia, general, spinal or local, is apparently


Brazil has the important challenge of expanding electricity production by ensuring demand and energy security to support the development of society. In a context where data and information on energy sources are available on a large scale, there is an opportunity to develop a tool that enhances and contributes to energy business decision making. In this sense, this work weights intangibles parameters with the objective of mitigating risks to subsidize decision-making on the implementation of renewable energy projects. The results presented in the article are obtained by means of technical, economic-financial and information management analyzes that constitute the theoretical basis and of intangibles, all of them supported by information technology. This article presents both a new methodology and a new software to obtain optimum investment decisions in the power industry, focusing on renewables. The development and validation of the methodology and software are described. The best investment to be made is based on the extraction and evaluation of the knowledge of the specialists of the sector in a logical and mathematical way. The results of the research present a decision-making process based on more formal and less personal criteria, guaranteeing greater neutrality and convergence in the decision-making process.


In this paper I argue that an understanding of modality ‐ especially when deployed in so‐called unreliable homodiegetic narration ‐ essentially requires an understanding of the referential functions of language. These functions, often performed by implicatures and, in Goodman's terms, "exemplifications", create the "worlds" whose cognisability becomes a presupposition upon which our grasp of the relevant modality is predicated. James's novella, The Aspern Papers, offers a complex form of such a narrative transmission; one that would remain, I argue, only partially recoverable without the deployment of the text immanent postulates proffered by my theoretical exposition of the ironic modalities of unreliable homodiegetic narrative.


A dual mode nonlinear interpolative compressor is described which compresses synthetic aperture radar images. The compression algorithm takes advantage of (1) the strong contrast between the target and the background, (2) the small percentage of target area compared with the total SAR image. The algorithm operates in two modes, i.e., an exact data transmission mode and an interpolative mode. The image is first segmented into small sub-blocks. The compressor then selects one of two modes according to the pixel values inside the block. If any pixel inside the block is above a predetermined threshold all pixels in this block are transmitted. On the other hand, if all pixels inside the block are below the threshold only one pixel is transmitted. At the receiver a two dimensional interpolation is then conducted to estimate the entire pixels in the block. Under the stationary assumption of the background information a second order statistic of the SAR image is used to derive the interpolative scheme. The compressor not only offers a high degree of exact target recovery but also offers a good recovery of the background information. Computer simulation results indicate that a good quality reconstruction can be accomplished with 1.5 bits per pixel.


Ranah Minang (West Sumatra Province) was ranked 8th out of 34 provinces with a case level of 18.8 above the national case level (17.2). Ranah Minang is a tribe that adopts the Basandi Syarak customary philosophy, Syarak Basandi, books or customs based on Islamic religious law which means that in culture, norms are made based on Islamic law adopted by the majority of Minangkabau people. Islam in his book prohibits adultery activities like LGBT, consumption of alcohol and drugs which is one of the media for transmitting HIV / AIDS. The purpose of this study was to relate sexual behavior to the incidence of HIV / AIDS. This study uses a quantitative approach with cross sectional design. This research was conducted in Ranah Minang (West Sumatra Province). Data was collected through questionnaires using quota sampling techniques with a sample of 28 ODHA. Data were analyzed univariately using a computer with the SPSS application. The results of this study showed that risk behavior was 57.1% sexual behavior, 10.7% drug use behavior, and 14.3% tat behavior and found a significant relationship between sexual behavior (p =) and the incidence of HIV/AIDS. The existence of a relationship of sexual behavior with the incidence of HIV/AIDS, it is expected that the government will be more assertive in eradicating the behavior of ODHA in the Ranah Minang. Keywords: disorder sbehavior, HIV / AIDS


Abstract Because of the semi-volatile nature of diisocyanates (being airborne in both physical vapor and particulate phases), their high reactivity and low occupational exposure limits, diisocyanate exposure evaluation has been challenging for industrial hygienists and laboratories. The objective of this study was to compare the toluene diisocyanate (2,4 and 2,6 isomers, TDI) concentration measured by five methods in a flexible polyurethane foam factory using different collection or derivatization approaches. The methods used were: OSHA 42 modified (filter, 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine) (OSHA), Asset EZ4-NCO (denuder and filter, dibutylamine) (Asset), Iso-Chek (double-filter, 9-(N-methylaminomethyl) anthracene and 1,2-methoxyphenylpiperazine), DAN (filter, 1,8-diaminonaphthalene), and CIP10 (centrifugation, 1,2-methoxyphenylpiperazine). Particle real-time monitoring for concentration and size distribution was performed in parallel to improve the understanding of the potential bias between methods. The comparison study was performed over 3 days, providing 18 replicates for each of the 5 methods. Isocyanate concentrations collected for each sampling method were compared using linear mixed effect modeling. Compared to OSHA, which yielded the highest concentrations overall, the Asset and DAN methods provided the smallest biases (−29% (95% CI [−52;−6]) and −45% (95% CI [−67;−23]), respectively), while the CIP10 and Iso-Chek methods provided the largest biases (−82% (95% CI [−105;−66]) and −96% (95% CI [−118;−75]), respectively). The substantial bias of Iso-Chek and CIP10 seemed to be explained by the predominance of TDI in the form of sub-micron particles that were inadequately captured by these two methods due to their sampling principle, which are particle filtration without derivatizing agent and centrifugation respectively. Asset and DAN performance seemed to decrease as the sampling time increased. While DAN's bias could be related to a reagent deficiency on the filter, the disparities between OSHA and Asset, both considered as reference methods, highlight the fact that the mechanisms of collection, derivation and extraction do not seem to be completely controlled. Finally, an upward trend has been observed between concentrations of particles below 300 nm in size and concentration levels of TDI. It has also been observed that TDI levels increased with the TDI foam index produced at the facility.


With the increase in the cost of production of satellites and the drastic increase in the amount of space junk getting accumulated, small satellites is bound to have a major role in satellite technology in the mere future. The altitude of a small satellite in low earth orbit is between 15x103m to 106m.[25] This altitude starts at thermosphere and extends to the outer limits of the atmosphere and below the van Allen radiation belts. The satellite will be exposed to radiations such as solar, earth albedo and earth infrared radiations[21]. Current technology uses active systems like fluid loops and passive protection such as Multilayer Insulation Blankets(MLI) and insulation paints to control the temperature variations. This paper proposes a method to combine the existing technology of thermal control with the utilization of Aerogel and Graphene. Aerogel has a very low thermal conductivity which can be implemented for the insulator sheets for satellites and graphene can be used in fluid loops due to its excellent thermal property. These materials also possess lower densities compared to traditional alternatives used in satellites and thus can prove to be vital role in thermal stability of small satellite in the satellite development field.[26][30]


An introduction to the holdings of Archives and Special Collections at Wilson Library, as well as other helpful sources on manuscripts and rare books. Helpful information and links to other primary historical documents.


This issue of New Methods and Approaches in Decision and Control of Intelligent and Cyber Systems contains a collection of extended versions of best presented papers in CoDIT 2019 conference and additional papers submitted to the special issue of "Cybernetics and Systems" journal. The goal is to present recent research works in decision and control engineering with applications in Intelligent and Cyber Systems. CoDIT 2019 Conference was organized in the CNAM of Paris with technical sponsorship of different IEEE entities and universities in France. CoDIT 2019 Program Committee received around 592 papers from 77 countries worldwide that yielded 323 accepted papers. The acceptance rate for this conference was around 54%. The authors from all continents presented their original work, in all areas of Control, Optimization, Decision, Engineering, Computer Science, and Information Technologies. Based on recommendation of program co-chairs and sessions chairs, several authors of excellent conference papers were contacted by the guest editors to submit extended versions for this special issue. We appreciate the recommendations of the CoDIT'19 Program Committee members for the selection of suitable conference papers for the special issue. The 66 submitted papers for the special Issue had to undergo strict peer-review process managed by the Guest Editors. We especially want to acknowledge all the authors for their efforts in updating their contributions and submitting high-quality articles. Guest Editors gratefully acknowledge the assistance and support of anonymous referees who reviewed the manuscripts of the papers included in this special issue. After a thorough reviewing procedure, with the help of external experts, 12 papers were selected. The first paper of the issue, titled ''From trajectory tracking control to leader-follower formation control,'' is authored by Khadir Lakhdar Besseghieur, Radosław TreRbi nski, Wojciech Kaczmarek, and Jarosław Panasiuk from Poland. Authors solve the leader-follower formation control problem byconverting it into a trajectory tracking problem. A tracking controller is selected and an adaptive dynamic controller is proposed to drive the robots. Experiments are conducted with a group of (Robot Operating System) ROS-enabled mobile robots.


Background: To explore the patterns of breast cancer (BC) relapse according to BC subtypes in a lower risk (lymph node (LN)-negative) population we classified pts from two trials according to a molecular classification using IHC surrogates. IBCSG Trial VIII randomized 1109 premenopausal pts with LN-negative BC to sequential treatment with six cycles of CMF followed by 18 months of goserelin, six courses of CMF alone, or 24 months of goserelin alone. The IBCSG Trial IX randomized 1669 postmenopausal pts with LN-negative BC to sequential treatment with 3 courses of CMF followed by tamoxifen for 57 months or tamoxifen alone for 5 years. Retrospective central pathology evaluation including ER, PgR, HER2 and Ki67 was used to define a molecular classification. Patients & Methods: Of the 2778 pts enrolled in both trials the present analysis includes 2033 (824 from trial VIII and 1209 from trial IX) who also had centrally-reviewed pathology data. The BC molecular subtypes were defined as following: Luminal-A (ER and/or PR-present, HER2-negative and Ki67 Results: In the population analyzed (N = 2033), 25.9% had luminal-A (LA) tumors, 40.3% had luminal B (LB) tumors, 17.7% had HER2-positive tumors, and 16.0% had basal tumors. At 12.7 years median follow-up, a total of 699 (34.4%) pts had BC recurrence or non-BC events (secondary malignancy or death): LA = 152 (28.8%), LB = 291 (35.5%), HER2- positive = 134 (37.2%), and Basal = 122 (37.4%). Among 2033 pts, no significant differences were observed among the molecular subtypes for time to local recurrence (LA 6.1%, LB 6.7%, HER2 7.8%, basal 6.7%, p = 0.98), contralateral BC (LA 3.4%, LB 4.1%, HER2 2.5%, basal 4.9%; p = 0.36), and non-BC events (LA 12%, LB 10%, HER2 8.3%, basal 7.7%; p=0.39). Patients with LB disease had more bone recurrences (LB 5.5%, LA 2.5%, HER2 3.3%, basal 1.8%; p=0.004). The patterns over time of soft tissue nodes and visceral recurrence varied according to the adjuvant treatment received (interaction tests P Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-13-01.


Mini Market Food Lestari Jakarta membutukan once existence of an information system that supports and provide ease of information for company in case of presence in Mini Market Food of Lestari. At this time Mini Market Food Sustainable Lestari Jakarta just a company engaged in the sale of everyday needs. The existing system in Mini Market Food Sustainable Lestari Jakarta is still done manually, ranging from recording the presence of employees and employee holidays, until the storage of other data related to the employee absenteeism until the making of the report, making it possible during the process of going wrong in the Recording, inaccuracy of reports made and delays in searching for necessary data. The design of this information system is the best solution to solve the problems existing in this company, as well as with a computerized system can be achieved an effective and efficient activities in supporting activities in this company. The computerized system is better than the manual system, making the presence of a more effective and efficient system and present better than ever. And produces an easy to understand report form based on the color method.


Letter from A. F. Hicks to Dr. Joseph Pound concerning to developments in the organization of a reunion for the veterans of the Confederate Army in Texas. Hicks says that he has "made arrangements with the citizens of Llano, so that I can issue to the veterans 3 days rations." At the end he tells Pound to "bring your tent, and department flag with you."


Extensive Air Showers are complex macroscopic objects initiated by single ultra-high energy particles. They are the result of millions of high energy reactions in the atmosphere and can be described as the superposition of hadronic and electromagnetic cascades. The hadronic cascade is the air shower backbone, and it is mainly made of pions. Decays of neutral pions initiate electromagnetic cascades, while the decays of charged pions produce muons which leave the hadronic core and travel many kilometers almost unaffected. Muons are smoking guns of the hadronic cascade: the energy, transverse momentum, spatial distribution and depth of production are key to reconstruct the history of the air shower. In this work, we overview the phenomenology of muons on the air shower and its relation to the hadronic cascade. We briefly review the experimental efforts to analyze muons within air showers and discuss possible paths to use this information.


TGFBIp/ β ig-h3 is a 68 kDa extracellular matrix protein that is functionally associated with the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of various cells. The presence of TGFBIp in platelets led us to study the role of this protein in the regulation of platelet functions. Upon activation, platelet TGFBIp was released and associated with the platelets. TGFBIp mediates not only the adhesion and spread of platelets, but also activates them, resulting in phosphatidylserine exposure, α -granule secretion, and increased integrin affinity. The FAS1 domains of TGFBIp are mainly responsible for the activation of platelets. TGFBIp promotes thrombus formation on type I fibrillar collagen under flow conditions in vitro , and induces pulmonary embolism in mice. Moreover, transgenic mice, which have about 1.7-fold higher blood TGFBIp concentration, are significantly more susceptible to collagen- and epinephrine-induced pulmonary embolism than wild-type mice. These results suggest that TGFBIp, a human platelet protein, plays important roles in platelet activation and thrombus formation. Our findings will increase our understanding of the novel mechanism of platelet activation, contributing to a better understanding of thrombotic pathways and the development of new antithrombotic therapies. in mediating adhesion and spread. These results indicate


The egalitarian mission of community colleges to provide an open access to educational opportunities for all often contradicts the high academic standards for college readiness, and therefore establishes the need for developmental education. Beginning in the 1970s, neoliberalism as a form of governmentality gradually invaded schools and public services including developmental education in a community college level. This paper explores the neoliberal influence on developmental education in three aspects: the effect of decreased institutional funding for the community college system and increased cost of higher education for students in developmental education, increased curriculum management and accountability expectations on a state level and its reflection on developmental education, and treatment of students in developmental education as consumers individually responsible for their own performance.


Introduction: Arterial stiffness is an age related disease that doubles ones cardiovascular mortality and functions as an intermediary step in the formation of atherosclerosis. We have recently dem...


Shippingport was shut down in October 1982. Defueling operations were complete September 1984. The decommissioning project consists of 2 phases and will be completed in April 1990. This overview discusses the schedule, technical statistics, organization, operations, scope of activity specifications, final site configuration, radiological condition, and cost summary. (DLC)


Regular magnetic monopoles in the non-Abelian Born-Infeld-Higgs theory are known to exist in the region of the field strength parameter $\beta>\beta_{{\rm cr}}$, bounded from below. Beyond this region, only pointlike (embedded abelian) monopoles exist, and we show that the transition from the regular to singular structure is reminiscent of gravitational collapse. Near the threshold behavior is characterized by the rapidly increasing negative pressure, which typically arises in the high density NBI matter. Another feature, shared both the NBI and gravitating monopoles, is the existence of excited states, which can be thought of as bound states of monopoles and sphalerons. These are labeled by the number $N$ of nodes of the Yang-Mills function. Their masses are greater than the mass of the ground state monopole, and they are expected to be unstable. The sequence of masses $M_N$ rapidly converges to the mass of the embedded Abelian solution with constant Higgs. The ratio of the sphaleron size to that of the monopole grows with decreasing $\beta$, and, at the same time, both fall down until the solutions cease to exist, again exhibiting collapse to the pointlike monopole. The results are presented and compared both for the ordinary and the symmetrized trace NBI actions.


Nicholas Carr rattled a few nerves when he put forth his discourse provocatively titled "IT Doesn't Matter" (Carr, 2003). His thesis suggests that with ubiquitous IT, there is no differential advantage that can be obtained, since everyone has access to the same resources. Therefore, he recommends that firms should drastically reduce their spending on new IT and manage it like the utility that it is. Although he has somewhat retracted his position (Carr, 2004), I believe that his stance is dangerous, since it sends the wrong message to non thinking CEOs who, in their quest for cost savings, use this as an opportunity to slash budgets and do things that are detrimental to the long-term prosperity of the firm. In this paper, I first rebut Carr's position by arguing that IT can indeed create beneficial outcomes for firms, which could be the source of differentiation. I then argue that ABSTRACT


In an previous 72‐hr mercury bioassay with the larval caddisfly Nectopsyche albida, electrophoretically detectable esterase activity was absent in exposed individuals that succumbed to mercury toxicity, while nine other enzymes remained active hours after death. Esterase activity also persisted in unexposed individuals (Benton and Guttman, 1992a, b). To test the effects of mercury exposure duration on esterase activity, additional larval N. albida were exposed under conditions identical to those in the earlier bioassay, and esterase activity in live individuals was tested electrophoretically every 12 hr. To test the effects of mercury concentration on esterase activity, unexposed N. albida larvae were electrophoresed, and the esterase‐specific stain was spiked with various concentrations of mercury. Electrophoretic banding patterns were then densitometrically quantified to identify changes in esterase activity with exposure duration and mercury concentration. Results suggest that: inorganic mercury inhibited esterase activity in N. albida, inhibition increased with exposure duration, and inhibition increased with mercury concentration.


Seedlings of Maranthes corymbosa (Blume) and Eucalyptus tetrodonta (F. Muell) were grown with or without CO 2 enrichment (700 μmol CO 2 mol -1 ). The response of stomatal conductance (g s ) to leaf drying, exogenous abscisic acid and calcium ions was investigated in M. corymbosa. Reciprocal transfer experiments were also conducted whereby plants were grown in one treatment and then transferred to the other before g s was measured. Stomatal conductance in M. corymbosa was more sensitive (a greater percentage decline in g s per unit percentage decline in leaf fresh weight) to leaf water status under conditions of CO 2 enrichment compared to ambient conditions


An electron spin resonance study of three radicals identified in a γ-irradiated polycrystalline sample of n-propanearsonic acid is reported. One of the radicals identified exhibits hyperfine interaction to a β-arsenic atom. It is believed that this is the first time such an interaction has been measured.


Soft power elements can be the so-called persuasive means of political influence (culture, propaganda, diplomacy).
The Russian Federation, with its historical legacy, by some historians referred to as the "siege complex", still seems to prefer changes in the distribution of power at the global level, while being aware of the benefits of cooperation with the wider West. Nevertheless, the position regarding some former USSR Republics, which it would most likely see directly in its sphere of influence, seems to remain the same, hence the actions taken and the methodology of conduct have their own characteristic features.In accordance reference to the typology established by Nye - the methodology of the so-called hard influence generally implies the use of military means, compulsory diplomacy and economic sanctions to influence on the behavior or interests of other political bodies (Wilson, 2008, p. 114).Russia seems to use the hard combination in its own specific way and soft impact. However, the soft impact is primarily based on propaganda activities implementing the clear strategy of the Federation.
As argued by Alexander et al. (2005, p. 31): "the theory of the image at the international level shows a clear relationship between the image of another nation and the choice of a strategic policy towards that nation."In this sense, Russia will apply a shifting strategy in line with the old Latin principle: divide et impera. For this purpose, it will use a combination of soft and hard impact depending on Estonia's internal and international situation.


This study describes the results of three years of evaluative investigation of lrdc's program of individualized education. The study was conducted in seven Follow Through sites and three Pittsburgh area schools. Standardized tests were used as input and outcome measures; questionnaires and videotapes were used to gather information about the classroom processes. The results indicate that over the three-year period the implementation of the program continued to move toward ideal goals. Extensive data reduction procedures were used and the rationale of usage discussed. Results also point to input as the primary explanation of student end-of-year performance, though classroom processes contribute a small but consistent amount.


Chemical mechanical polishing refers to a process by which silicon and partially-processed integrated circuits (IC's) built on silicon substrates are polished to produce planar surfaces for the continued manufacturing of IC's. Chemical mechanical polishing is done by pressing the silicon wafer, face down, onto a rotating platen that is covered by a rough polyurethane pad. During rotation, the pad is flooded with a slurry that contains nanoscale particles. The pad deforms and the roughness of the surface entrains the slurry into the interface. The asperities contact the wafer and the surface is polished in a three-body abrasion process. The contact of the wafer with the "soft" pad produces a unique elastohydrodynamic situation in which a suction force is imposed at the interface. This added force is non-uniform and can be on the order of the applied pressure on the wafer. We have measured the magnitude and spatial distribution of this suction force. This force will be described within the context of a model of the sliding of hard surfaces on soft substrates.


The invention discloses a preparation method of polyaniline/graphene oxide composite electrode material, comprising the following steps: cleaning a stainless steel substrate; preparing a graphene oxide and aniline electrochemical deposition liquid; co-depositing the polyaniline/graphene oxide through the electrochemical cyclic voltammetry method by taking the stainless steel as a working electrode and adopting a three-electrode system, therefore, the polyaniline/graphene oxide composite electrode material is produced. The produced composite material has the advantages of high specific capacitance and good cycle stability and is suitable for the super capacitor electrode material.


1. Introduction to Motion and Time Study. 2. History of Motion and Time Study. 3. The Importance and Uses of Motion and Time Study. 4. Techniques of Time Study. 5. Techniques of Methods Design: The Broad View - Macromethods Study. 6. Techniques of Micromotion Study: Operations Analysis. 7. Motion Study: The Work Station Design. 8. The Predetermined Time Standards System. 9. Stopwatch Time Study. 10. Standard Data. 11. Work Sampling. 12. Performance Control Systems. 13. Wage Payment Systems. 14. Balancing the Work Cell, Assembly Line, and Plant. 15. Indirect Labor and Motion and Time Study. 16. Time Management Techniques. 17. Attitudes and Goals for Industrial Engineers. Appendix A: Forms. Appendix B: Answers to Problems. Index.


in the given work are investigated a motivation phenomenon at learning of foreign languages as object of pedagogical research on an example of students of not language institutes of higher schools. Various definitions of motivation, structure and interrelation with learning process are presented. Possible motives are investigated at learning of foreign language. Questions of formation of professional motives of students of not language institute of higher school, and feature of motivational support of educational activity of the student are considered. The basic attention is given for a role of foreign language, its motivational support and didactic conditions of realization of the given object of a pedagogical choice on a material of learning foreign language.


This paper presents a hardware architecture developed for use with real-time Chain Code. This system applies open-chain code and closed-chain code to solve some problems related to noise and an inexact edge image. The design of the proposed method uses the Verilog HDL (Hardware Description Language) for the dedicated hardware architecture on a pipeline architecture. The hardware architecture is implemented using Virtex5 (xc5vlx330) on Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The results of the analysis show that this implementation can achieve a maximum operating frequency of 74.74 MHz and possesses adequate performance to process a 640x480 (VGA) resolution image.


In this paper, we study the problem of PAC learning halfspaces in the non-interactive local differential privacy model (NLDP). To breach the barrier of exponential sample complexity, previous results studied a relaxed setting where the server has access to some additional public but unlabeled data. We continue in this direction. Specifically, we consider the problem under the standard setting instead of the large margin setting studied before. Under different mild assumptions on the underlying data distribution, we propose two approaches that are based on the Massart noise model and self-supervised learning and show that it is possible to achieve sample complexities that are only linear in the dimension and polynomial in other terms for both private and public data, which significantly improve the previous results. Our methods could also be used for other private PAC learning problems.


First of all, I want to thank you for being here tonight to join with me in thinking about something that has been important to me for almost half a century (and I am sure to most of you)—the law. One fundamental question about the law concerns a core issue: what is its essence? In short, what is it about? By tackling in this brief hour this subject, I am hopeful that these thoughts will spur your own reflections on the law and why it is vital to us and to our society. The points I shall make to you may be placed into two complementary categories: the first deals with the essence of the law itself, i.e., what is it that makes the law the law; the second concern deals with the role of the citizen—as lawmaker, administrator, judge, other official, or voter—in defining what the law is and what its content should be. At the outset, these two groups are inextricably related to the vitality of our republican democracy. From my perspective, I know that these two interrelated topics


Motivated by existing evidence of a preference among investors for stocks with high maximum daily returns, we document that lottery-like payoffs measured by maximum daily returns are almost entirely idiosyncratic. Firm-level cross-sectional regressions and portfolio-sort analyses prove that there is a significantly negative relation between idiosyncratic maximum daily returns (IMAX) and future stock returns. While beta anomaly, negative (positive) risk-adjusted returns generated by high (low) market beta stocks, disappears when portfolios are constructed to be neutral to idiosyncratic maximum daily returns, the significantly negative return spread between the stocks with extreme idiosyncratic lottery-like payoffs are robust to various firm-specific controls and risk factors. Investor sentiment is the dominant factor to trigger the demand for stocks with high idiosyncratic lottery-like payoffs. Finally, the relationship between idiosyncratic maximum daily returns and subsequent returns is stronger among stocks with low institutional ownership, low market capitalization, low analyst coverage, low liquidity, and high idiosyncratic volatility.


We now let # be the set of points P o such that M = M(P0); if sup M(Pt) < M Pit* (which happens in all cases known so far) we call this the second minimum, M2. R(0) is Euclidean if, and only if, M{P) < 1 for all rational triads [x,y,z]; and if 4> and \jj can be expressed as quadratic polynomials in 0, then the field is said to be cyclic. Heilbronn [1] has shown that Euclid's Algorithm holds in only a finite number of cyclic cubic fields, and using his method I have found that the only possible Euclidean cyclic cubic fields of discriminant A < 10 are those of discriminant 7, 9, 13, 19, 31, 37, 43, 61, 67, 73, 103, 109, 127, and 157. Davenport [2] has considered the first two and gives the values of M a s 1/7 and 1/3 respectively, and Godwin [3] has shown that the next two are Euclidean. Using the method of Barnes and Swinnerton-Dyer [4] as extended by Samet [5], I have found the values of M for the fields of discriminants 13, 19, 31, 37, 43 and 73 and shown that the fields of discriminants 61 and 67 are Euclidean. The values of M2 for the fields of discriminant 19, 31 and 43 are also given. The remaining four fields remain undecided.


A PMMA-GRIN-polymer optical fibre (POF) 2.5 Gbit/s transmission system with a record distance of 200 meters has been reached, doubling the distance previously reported. We believe that the record result reported here is an important milestone for the development of Gbit/s polymer fiber systems using visible light.


Fast-track construction projects that begin with inadequate design information have become more common in response to rising construction industry demand. Fast-tracking shortens project duration while increasing rework. To achieve project deadlines while minimizing rework, specialists must select the best fast-tracking strategy. As a result, a questionnaire was developed to assess the success characteristics of fast-track construction and to provide constraints for these features and variables in national construction projects. National construction projects address specified government needs or investments in order to maximize the national return. The surveys limit these factors by specifying maximum and minimum percentages. These percentages were chosen in order to expedite project building. Period varies in national projects from the typical construction approach to the shortest time we can achieve with a plan. Cost and quality are within 20% and 10% of national project traditional construction methods, respectively. The best setting for various construction projects is determined by this proportion. It is preferable to use these percentages as a reference to complete construction projects in the shortest amount of time, with the highest quality, and at the lowest cost. This questionnaire was completed by sixteen building experts. Google Forms questionnaire was completed by 211 persons. This clarifies the results and construction variables time, cost, and quality.


littoral space, namely the beach, as an exemplary heterotopian space. In the following chapter, Elham Bahmanteymouri and Farzaneh Haghighi look at tourism in the digital era, with an emphasis on Airbnb as an ephemeral heterotopia. Peter Johnson also looks at technology, finding heterotopian elements in the interface between human users and digital communications, and bringing the work of Michel Serres to bear on the question. Hannah Stuit shows the interrelations of play and discipline in the game Prison Escape, in which players experience a sort of carceral imaginary in pretending to be imprisoned. And Graham St. John provides a critical look at the participatory spectacle Burning Man, where the boundaries between producer and consumer, artist and tourist, are blurred and transgressed. Finally, Hetherington's Afterword situates Foucault concept of heterotopia among current events, notably Greta Thunberg's effort to promote awareness of catastrophic climate change juxtaposed with Donald Trump's bizarre, intransigent vision of hyper-capitalism. Overall, the essays in Heterotopia and Globalization in the Twenty-First Century reflect the diversity and scope one would expect from a book so titled, and it will be of interest to scholars of these complex, but critical phenomena. Robert T Tally Jr Department of English, Texas State University, USA


This t h e s i s presents a refinement of the c o n v e n t i o n a l theory of sheer def.lection of beams i n the e l a s t i c range. The author's theory allows f o r d i s c o n t i n u i t y of sheer d i s t o r t i o n s of s e c t i o n s i n the v i c i n i t y of v e r t i c a l loads and a l s o f o r the e f f e c t of v e r t i c a l compression of the beam at the p o i n t of a p p l i c a t i o n of the v e r t i c a l l o a d . The w r i t e r does not i n v e s t i g a t e normal and shearing s t r e s s e s but deals only with the e f f e c t s c o n s i d e r e d as they i n f l u e n c e d e f l e c t i o n . The theory was t e s t e d e x p e r i m e n t a l l y on an aluminum a l l o y I-beam and a r e c t a n g u l a r s t e e l beam. The beam was r e s t e d on three supports and the l o a d was a p p l i e d at two p o i n t s symmetrical to the c e n t r a l support, producing a s t a t i c a l l y indeterminate c o n d i t i o n . Due to smallness of sheer d e f l e c t i o n s , the comparison between the t h e o r i e s was made i n terms of s t a t i c a l l y unknown r e a c t i o n s r a t h e r than d e f l e c t i o n s themselves. These r e a c t i o n s were c a l c u l a t e d from s t r a i n s determined e x p e r i m e n t a l l y . The r e a c t i o n s computed i n conformity with the two t h e o r i e s were then compared with the ones found from the e l e c t r i c s t r a i n gage readings. Attempt was made to f i n d e x p e r i m e n t a l l y the e f f e c t of the p r o x i m i t y of the l o a d on the s t r a i n gage r e a d i n g s .


Objective To investigate the methods of isolation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Wharton' s jelly and the differentiation of MSCs into dopaminergic neurons. Methods The umbilical cord mesenchymal tissue was scraped off from the Wharton's jelly,and then, collagenase Ⅳ was employed to isolate the MSCs. The isolated cells were primarily cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% FBS. Inverted microscopy was used to observe the cytomorphology, and flow cytometry was employed to detect the cell surface antigens and the cell cycle.We evaluated the cell viability using CCK8 kit. Two-step method was employed to induce the MSCs of the P3 generation to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons, and immunocytochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) 3, 6 and 9 d after the induction. Results The isolated MSCs showed fibroblast-like shape, with parallel arrangement and vortex-like growth. MSCs of the P3 generation expressed CD73, CD29, CD44and CD105, but did not express CD34, CD45, CD106 and HLA-DR. The doubling time in the exponential phase was at the 48th h of culture, and 91.13% cells were under G0-G1. These cells had similar morphology of the neurons. The immunocytochemical assay showed that the NSE and TH positive rates were 19.5% and 8.9% on the 9th d of induction; and Western blotting showed that MSCs obviously expressed NSE and weakly expressed TH.Conclusion MSCs can be isolated from the umbilical cord mesenchymal tissue, and be induced to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in vitro.

Key words:
Umbilical cord;  Mesenchymal stem cell;  Dopaminergic neuron


If anything brings the construction Bin-Laden discoursivly to the fore it is a specific conflict situation with the participation of the USA in the arabic space: a conflict situation between the dominant political regimes, the opposing conservativ-liberal blocks, and an extremist wing. The conflict could be characterized as between two political strategies about the restructuring of this economic as well as geostrategic important space. The construction Bin-Laden is the name of this violence game.


CLIC1 is a member of an intracellular chloride channel family, CLIC, highly conserved in vertebrates. It has both soluble and membrane-integrated forms. Different studies demonstrate that several stimuli, like oxidation or pH changes, promote CLIC1 insertion in the membrane and a consequent generation of a chloride current. It has been reported that CLIC1 has an important role in different cell functions, such as migration, swelling or division of the cell, endocytosis and exocytosis, intracellular vesicles fusion, and apoptosis. CLIC1 and other CLIC family members are involved in cellular function not directly correlated with the ion channel activity in the plasma membrane.
Recent studies have shown that CLIC1 may be involved in mediating neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. A previous work has shown that CLIC1 is upregulated and translocated in plasma-membrane in microglial cell (BV2) after treatment with amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and in a triple mutant AD mouse brain. Inhibition of CLIC1 activity with the specific blocker (IAA 94) or expression by siRNA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and TNFalpha production in microglial cells, leading to a neuroprotective effect in microglia-neuron co-cultures.
The hypothesis is that CLIC1-dependent chloride current is required for Aβ-mediated ROS production by microglial cells, maintainig NADPH oxidase activity and providing the charge compensation to avoid membrane depolarization.
Enhanced levels of Aβ in fibrillar or soluble forms, have been shown to cause neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders. The accumulation of Aβ, has recently been critically involved, as well as widely descripted in Alzheimer's disease, in the pathogenesis of ocular disease as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and glaucoma.
Aβ is associated with impaired mitochondrial function, activation of cellular oxidases and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative injury and alterations in neuronal ionic homeostasis.
To date the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in Aβ-mediated retinal neurotoxicity are still not well understood.
Among all the other factors that participate to the glaucoma pathogenesis, oxidative damage caused by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is certainly one of the prominent causes of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and optic nerve degeneration. Previous studies have shown that glaucoma has all the characteristics of a neurodegenerative disease: microglial activation, state of chronic inflammation, increase of extracellular Aβ, oxidative stress and neuronal death.
In the last past years similarities have been discovered between glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease.
Starting from the data of CLIC1 involvement in mediating inflammatory response under Aβ over-expression condition in microglial cells and in AD brain, our aim was to characterize this protein in the retina, which is part of the CNS and that is more easily accessible. Hence the importance of our work is not just limited to understanding the…


&NA; A study of well‐being in middle‐aged and elderly spinal cord injured persons (Decker & Schulz, 1985) found that long‐term coping was facilitated by the presence of a primary support person or caregiver. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of life satisfaction and depression in 67 primary caregivers of middle‐aged and elderly spinal cord injured persons. The study revealed that the availability of social support and feelings of control over one's life were important determinants of caregivers' well‐being. In addition, those caregivers spending more time each day assisting the disabled person and feeling burdened by these responsibilities experienced more depression and less life satisfaction. In working with spinal cord injured persons, rehabilitation nurses must consider the well‐being of the spinal cord injured person/primary caregiver dyad as an important focus of nursing assessment and intervention.


Given a pair of coupled differential equations ẋ = g(x, y), ẏ = h(x, y), x, y being vectors. The paper is concerned with existence and properties of invariant manifolds given in the form y = S(x), × ∈ M. The questions raised and partially answered differ from the standard content of center manifold theory in two respects. (i) The scenario is non-local, i.e. the set M is not necessarily small. (ii) The manifold is supposed to satisfy side conditions, namely a boundary condition (S(x) = s(x) for × ∈ ∂M) and condition of inner stability ("inflowing").

Gegeben seien gewohnliche Differentialgleichungen in der Form ẋ = g(x, y), ẏ = h(x, y), wobei x, y Vektoren sind. Gegenstand der Arbeit sind invariante Mannigfaltigkeiten, die sich in der Form y = S(x), × ∈ M, darstellen lassen. Die Fragestellung geht in zweifacher Hinsicht uber Bekanntes hinaus: (i) Keine Beschrankung auf lokale Situationen, d. h. M ist nicht unbedingt "klein". (ii) Die zu konstruierende Mannigfaltigkeit soll einer Randbedingung S(x) = s(x), × ∈ ∂M, genugen, und sie soll in sich stabil sein ("inflowing").


Reactor diameter optimization testing began with tests on 8-inch and 4-inch reactor tubes. The tests were conducted in non-tapered stainless steel reactor tubes. The tests to date have demonstrated several points. First, straight reactor tubes can be used in place of tapered tubes in the MGU. Straight reactor tubes (stainless steel pipe) have the advantages of being cheaper and more convenient to use than tapered, cast reactor tubes. Also the tests have shown that the increased heating rate obtained with a 4-inch reactor tube resulted in only a slight increase in the liquid yield. Coal and char combustion tests were conducted to investigate the possible use of char in industrial/utility pulverized coal boilers. The TAS-Combustion System, which takes up to 2 inch x 0 feed through its micronizer to a turbo combustor, was chosen for the tests. The char burned successfully in the TAS-System and in some aspects performed as well as or better than coal. SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ emissions were lower for char than for coal, but the combustion efficiency and flame temperature of coal were slightly higher than those of char. It was found that generally the char did not require support fuel except when turnmore » down ratio of char was as much as 12 to 1 whence a small amount of support fuel is needed to stabilize the flame. Based on the data obtained during the tests, the engineers at TAS, Inc., believed that the char would be an acceptable fuel in several applications. 8 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.« less


This paper presents solar radiation conversion efficiency progress into electricity for selected photovoltaic cells and modules since 1997 till 2016. Described the existing procedures and measurement standards. Efficiency progress classified in a groups of cells and modules shows in the form of charts and discused results. (Solar radiation conversion efficiency into electricity modern photovoltaic cells and modules). Słowa kluczowe: sprawność ogniw i modułów fotowoltaicznych, konwersja energii


Halil Kemal Bey, one of the Maarif -Education- Directors of Abdulhamid II, after working as the Maarif –Education- Director of Aleppo for three years between 1886-1889 was appointed to Syria Maarif –Education- Directorate. He, from there, was appointed to Beirut in 1891 and to Syria for the second time in 1892. Halil Kemal Bey wrote this layiha during his second Syrian Maarif –Education- Directorate in 1892. In his Layiha he offered solutions for the problems that occurred due to mutual faults of Sunni and Nusayri community in Hatay. He has tried to prove that the real source of these problems is not the religious beliefs but the economic concerns of the riches and prominent in the region. This layiha is included in the Ottoman Archives section of the Presidency State Archives, within the scope of the Maarif Nezâreti- Education Ministry - Maruzati section within the Yildiz Perakende Document classification. One page presentation letter was written for layiha, which was prepared as 6 pages in notebook form. A separate study was conducted about Halil Kemal Bey and his Layiha. In this study the transcription of Layiha was made and evaluated in terms of Ottoman Diplomatics.


This paper introduces the scene of separate fix-skill for the Φ110 m circular netrack and the computation check for the stability of the steel scaffold served as the sectional platform. The quality demand and control measures are also explained in detail.


Objective To investigate the progressive care of Modified Radical surgery patients.Method Randomly selected August 2009 to March 2012 admitted to breast cancer modified radical surgery in 68 patients for the study were randomly divided into two groups,the control group received conventional care,the experimental group was given the gradual rehabilitation care,comparative observation The effect of patient care.Results The experimental group care a month later,the degree of the shoulder joint activities,self-efficacy,self-assessment of upper limb function,were different between the various indicators of the control group patients(P0.05),the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion The progressive care help to improve breast cancer patients of upper limb function,promote early recovery of upper limb function,should be applied.


Purpose:  To evaluate the long‐term outcome of phenobarbital treatment for convulsive epilepsy in rural China, and to explore factors associated with overall seizure outcomes.


5-Fu-COS/SeNP micro-spheres were prepared in two steps to study the antitumor drug load and auxiliary same effects as the drug carrier.First,the Fu-COS prodrug was synthesized with the broad-spectrum anti-tumor drug 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu) and chito-oligosaccharides(COS),then,Fu-COS was used as temples while 5-Fu-COS/SeNP was prepared by sol-gel method.5-Fu-COS/SeNP was characterized by TEM,Zetasizer and IR,and its anti-tumor activity was detected by MTT method.The results showed that 5-Fu and Se were completely carried in 5-Fu-COS/SeNP,the size of 5-Fu-COS/SeNP was 433 nm,the drug-loading rate of5-Fu and Se were(8.2 ± 0.3)% and(7.96 ± 0.34)%,respectively,and 5-Fu and nanose released slowly and had well inhibiting tumorous cellular growths activity.As time increases,release rate of the drug by FuCOS/SeNP increased and the inhibition of cell enhanced.After 24 h,inhibition rate had exceeded the sum of5-Fu and SeNP.After 48 h,the inhibition rate of Fu-COS/SeNP was less than the sum of the inhibition rate of5-Fu and SeNP,but higher than that of 5-Fu or SeNP.These results indicated that the spheres have high drug loading efficiency and good drug release properties.This novel method to produce micro-spheres could expand the development of drug release research.


The article discusses the features of innovative development of business structures in modern changing environment. After all, the transformational effects of the introduction of information and telecommunications technologies, which extend to all areas of socio-economic activity, necessitate a radical revision of the principles of management of innovative development of the national economy. Entrepreneurs who focus on the latest products and services, continuous and stable implementation of technologies, product renewal policies, organization of production in order to strengthen their competitiveness in the market in the selected segment, must set appropriate priorities for innovation and development. According to the results of the analysis of the main indicators of innovative development of domestic business structures, it is determined that the implementation and development of innovations in the enterprise is directly proportional to the invested funds, stable target revenues and well-formed strategy. The article considers and analyzes the main state tools to support and stimulate innovation of domestic business structures. Based on the results of the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the national innovation system and mechanisms of knowledge transfer, the article presents the scheme of innovation partnership, which would ensure the effective functioning of the national innovation system. In addition, the article proposes a structural and logical model of the management system of innovative development of business structures, which provides support for continuous targeted innovation, has a cyclical form of operation and takes into account at all stages mechanisms of control, adjustment, adjustment of innovation processes using both internal and external innovation resources. The prospects of innovative development of domestic business structures are outlined in this work too.


While co-occurring disorders induced by mental illness and substance use can be debilitating, prioritizing care for such dually diagnosed individuals remain challenging. Determinants of dual diagnosis among women (n = 299) were examined in a substance-use treatment facility in Midwestern United States. Participants were mostly <40 years old, with histories of unemployment, trauma, and criminal justice involvement. One-third of the participants met DSM-IV criteria for dual diagnosis. Assessments included the Addiction Severity Index, and self-reported risky sexual behaviors. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed transactional sex, lower score on Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and low family and social support to be predictive of higher likelihood of dual diagnosis. Practice, policy and research implications are suggestive of holistic and integrated mental health treatment intervention plans for this population.


Background one of the government's efforts to achieve this target is by taking several steps, namely increasing the use of family planning that is more effective and efficient in the long term. Long-term contraceptives are very helpful for acceptors during the Covid19 pandemic where they do not have to frequently contact the officers. The use of long-term family planning such as implants and IUDs has 99% effectiveness with a failure rate of only 0.05% for 100 women. Program Objectives: to increase mother's knowledge about the choice of long-term effective contraception in the Middle Alalak class of pregnant women, Banjarmasin City. Method of Implementation: This activity uses the seminar method and questions and answers about the selection of long-term effective contraception Results and Conclusions: After carrying out this community service activity, the conclusion that can be drawn is that there is an increase in knowledge of pregnant women about choosing long-term effective contraception. The hope is that pregnant women after giving birth will be able to understand and determine which effective contraception to choose.


Completely revised, this new 4th edition uses a media systems approach to look closely at the production, distribution, and exhibition of media, from Hollywood films to Facebook, giving students an insider's perspective on how media industries operate.


Thirty-two Holstein cows at the 2nd parturition were selected and divided into 4 groups received mixed wild grass (control group), local rye grass (group 1), Dongmu-70 rye grass which demonstrated the good performance in the variety introduction trial (group 2), and Lucerne (group 3). respectively, for 20 d. The results showed that the average daily milk production for control group, group 1,2, and 3 was 9. 89 kg, 10. 23 kg, 11. 56 kg, and 12. 86 kg, respectively, milk production of the group 3 fed Lucerne was higher than that of group 1, control group (P0. 01), and group 2 (F0. 05), cows in group 2 produced more milk than those in control group (P0. 01) and in group 1, milk production of group 1 was similar to control group (P0. 05), there was no significant differences in milk total solid, fat and protein percentage among 4 groups, which indicated the desirable feeding effects of Lucerne and Dongmu-70 rye grass for increasing the milk production and improving milk quality.


PURPOSE: to evaluate the uterine volume in women between 10 and 40 years in order to observe if the uterine volume in adolescents is smaller than the uterine volume in women between 20 and 40 years. We intend to emphasize the differences between the uterine volume of adolescents and that of adult women and to correlate with the immaturity of the genital tract of adolescents regarding gestation and delivery. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, which included 828 patients between 10 and 40 years old divided into two groups and examined using abdominal ultrasound to obtain the uterine volume measure. The first group consisted of 477 (57.7%) adolescents, and the second group of 351 (42.3%) adult women between 20 and 40 years old. In the adolescent group, ultrasound examination was performed by a single observer and in the group of adult women ultrasound examination was performed by a group of observers who used the same methodology as that of group 1. Image Point HX (Hewlett Packard) and Hitachi 525 ultrasound equipment were used with a multiple frequency probe. For the calculation of the uterine volume we used the longitudinal diameter (LD), anteroposterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD) with the (LD x APD x TD) x 0.45 formula. RESULTS: adolescents aged 10 to 17 years had a smaller uterine volume than women aged 20 to 40 years (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: adolescents less than 18 years old or primiparous have a smaller uterine volume than women between 20 to 40 years old. However, adolescents aged 18 years or older, or secundipara, have a uterine volume similar to that of women aged 20 to 40 years.


In the actual situation of sound environment systems, the observed data often contain several fluctuating noises. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the specific signal based on the observed data by introducing some noise cancellation methods. In this study, a sound environment system considering both noises of the external noise based on the additive property of energy variable and the internal noise dependent on the state variable is first paid our attention. Next, a method to estimate recursively the specific signal is derived based on Bayes' theorem in an expansion series form suitable to a signal processing with lower and higher order statistics for the observation data. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is experimentally confirmed by applying it to the actual data observed in real sound environment.


tee. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum 1980;23:581–90. 3. Wakefield RJ, Balint PV, Szudlarek M, Filippucci E, Backhaus M, D'Agostino MA, et al. Muscoloskeletal ultrasound including definitions for ultrasonographic pathology. J Rheumatol 2005;32: 2485–7. 4. Robertson BL, Jamadar DA, Jacobson JA, Kalume-Brigido M, Caoili EM, Margaliot Z, et al. Extensor retinaculum of the wrist: sonographic characterization and pseudotenosynovitis appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;188:198–202. 5. Numkarunarunrote N, Malik A, Oguair RO, Trudell DJ, Resnick D. Retinacula of the foot and ankle: MRI with anatomic correlation in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;188:W348–54. 6. Tagliafico A, Panico N, Serafini G, Ghio M, Martinoli C. The thickness of the A1 pulleys reflects the disability of hand mobility in scleroderma: a pilot study using HFUS. Eur J Radiol 2011;77: 254–57. 7. Sweeney PR, Simms R, Sternthal E, York MR, Choi HK, Kissin EY. Ultrasound qualification of tendon and hypodermal abnormalities in patients with systemic sclerosis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60 Suppl:S543.


Basing on the analysis of the concept of data fusion tree which is a paradigm-based architecture and its insufficiency, an information fusion system architecture design method based on the data fusion tree is presented.The principle of this method is discussed and this method is used to design the architecture for the C~3I information fusion system, including design of data fusion tree, architecture design of fusion node, architecture design of processing system and concurrent processing architecture design.


For slope risk analysis of tailings dam, the current research focuses on treating physical and mechanical parameters of tailing materials as the basic random variables. The influence of the external natural random factors is considered little. In practice, the slope stability of tailings dam is influenced by not only their random material parameters but the various natural factors including the changes of water level and the seismic intensity size. As a rule of thumb, there might be heavy rains before the earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the slope risk of tailings dam under the coupling effect of rainstorms and earthquakes. Aiming at this problem, reliability theory was employed in this paper to study the influence under both rainstorms and earthquake actions. In this project, the slope risk analysis of tailings dams is evaluated under natural multi-random factors.


Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted considerable attention over the past several decades due to their size-dependent optoelectronic properties, which have driven their integration into cutting-edge applications ranging from LEDs and displays to quantum computing and biosensing. The utility of these materials stems from their solution processability, broad absorption profiles, narrow photoluminescence emission, and surfaces that can be easily modulated. Wet chemical synthesis of these materials provides a versatile space for development of new compositions, morphologies, heterostructures, and coordination environments simply by changing precursors, ligands, concentrations, and temperatures. Mechanistic studies into molecular and cluster intermediates during formation can direct researchers towards better control over synthetic outcomes. Furthermore, the high surface to volume ratios inherent to nanocrystals makes the study of their surfaces and their stabilizing ligands particularly important, with surface accessibility controlling reaction and charge transfer rates in catalytic applications and photovoltaics. We organized this Research Topic to highlight some of the recent advances in the field of nanocrystal synthesis. We are particularly interested in understanding the reactions that make and modify nanocrystals at the atomic level, including precursor conversion, ligand exchange, and cluster formation and dissolution. By understanding the molecular underpinnings of nanoscale semiconductor synthesis, it becomes possible to control end products and their properties. Precursor reactivity gates the nucleation and growth of nanocrystals in colloidal syntheses. In the synthesis of WSe2, tungsten hexacarbonyl is often used as the metal precursor, which typically requires high reaction temperatures to force the cleavage of the strongW–CO bond. Schimpf and colleagues demonstrate thatW–CO bond labilization, and hence the availability of tungsten metal for subsequent monomer formation, can be tuned through the inclusion of common ligands such as trioctylphosphine (TOP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) (Geisenhoff et al.). Using IR spectroscopy for reaction monitoring in the presence of TOPO, the authors noted W(CO)6 rapidly decomposes into W(CO)6-x(TOPO)x, which promoted rapid nucleation of WSe2 nanocrystals and lower reaction temperatures. The structural assignment of this intermediate was corroborated through the growth of a diffraction-quality single crystal of the triarylphosphine analogue W(CO)5(TPPO) (TPPO = triphenylphosphine oxide). On the other hand, the use of strongly coordinating triphenylphosphine (TPP) was found to sequester tungsten as W(CO)5(TPP), OPEN ACCESS


Telocytes (TCs) are a distinctive population of stromal cells extending special long prolongations with thin segments (podomers) and dilations (podoms). They have been identified in various organs and tissues of multispecies organisms. TCs have been identified in large arteries. The present study aimed to explore whether TCs also exists in large veins by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The results indicated that TCs indeed exist in inferior vena cava, which are a newly recognized compartment distinct from other interstitial cells in large veins. The TCs in inferior vena cava are mainly located in subendothelium and apparently different from the TCs in large artery, which exist in the tunica adventitia and adjacent to the outer elastic lamina. The characteristic morphological features of Tps in inferior vena cava were identified: the presence of secondary lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum.


Nanometer sized powder form of TiO2 is prepared by wet chemical method of gel to crystalline conversion. The crystallite size is 177.528 A as estimated by X-ray diffraction studies. The photocatalytic activity of this semiconducting powder at different experimental conditions is presented. The effect of inorganic oxidising agent (NH4)2S 2O8 producing hydroxyl radicals to increase the rate of photocatalytic degradation of the dye is studied. The degradation path was followed by UV-vis. and IR spectroscopic techniques. The intermediates formed during the degradation process was made evident from the above techniques. Based on the results, a kinetic model for the degradation is proposed.


Pygmalion is the representative play by the famous British playwright Bernard Shaw. Up to now, there have been many academic discussions on it from different perspectives. This paper intends to analyze the play from the feminist perspective. From this perspective, we can clearly find that the play is no doubt the creation of woman, either the creation of a duchess from a flower girl, or the creation of a woman from a duchess, in which man is God, the father, and the creator, whereas woman is in the position of a child, a pupil, being corrected , educated and remade by man. The woman character in it is seen only as an object for experiment. Through detailed analysis, the paper exposes how woman figure being pre-patterned, and the position of woman in society being forced to the lowest. Key words: Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion, Feminist Perspective Resume: Pygmalion est la piece representative du celebre dramaturge anglais Bernard Shaw. Jusqu'a aujourd'hui, il y a eu beaucoup de discussions academiques sur cette piece dans de differentes perspectives. Cet essai tente de l'analyser dans la perspective feministe. Ainsi, nous trouvons clairement que cette piece est sans doute la creation de la femme, creation d'une duchesse a partir d'une fille, ou creation d'une femme a partir d'une dechesse, au cours de laquelle l'homme-le pere et le createur- est Dieu, mais la femme est dans la position d'un enfant, un eleve qui est corrigee et eduquee par l'homme. La femme est consideree seulement comme un objet d'experimentation. A la suite de l'analyse en detail, l'essai expose comment la figure de femme est premodelee et la position sociale de la femme est reduite au plus bas niveau. Mots-Cles: George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion, perspective feministe


56 patients with fractures of the tibial plateau were treated at the surgical department of the Wilhelm-Pieck-University Rostock between 1980 and 1987. 18 of these underwent on operative treatment, 38 patients were treated nonoperatively. Using a clinical and radiological follow-up on 35 of these patients the results after operative and functional-conservative treatment are shown and the indications for the different methods are concluded.


And the second day my mother came with my brother and my sister and they brought food because we didn't have anything, and she kept on shouting "Sofi, Sofi, Sofi" … there was an entire convoy, many wagons, and they had those small kind of windows like for animals … and she kept yelling,… "Sofi, Sofi, Misi, Misi" … a military man was there, at the door, and I pleaded with the officer "Please, let our mother give me some food because we have nothing" and he opened the door a tiny bit so we could pull the sack with everything through … and the next day they took us … they took us … they said they were taking us to Siberia but they took us to Donbass, and there, in Donbass, they put us in a camp.


THE PAPER CONSISTS OF A BRIEF REVIEW OF SOME BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE FINDINGS ON THE MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEES AND THE DESCIPRION OF A SYSTEM FOR EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT. THE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THREE BASIC ACTIVITIES: DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY, OPPORTUNITY TO PERFORM, AND EVALUATION. THE FINAL PART OF THE PAPER CONTAINS A REVIEW OF THE USE OF THE SYSTEM IN THE WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. EACH OF THE THREE BASIC ACTIVITIES IS MADE UP OF STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED IN ACCOMPLISHING THESE ACTIVITIES. DELEGATION IS DIVIDED INTO DEFINING JOB RESPONSIBILITIES, DEFINING WORK OBJECTIVES, AND REVIEWING THE REQUIRED RESOURCES. THE OPPORTUNITY TO PERFORM IS MADE UP OF THE EMPLOYEE PERFORMING THE JOB WHILE THE SUPERVISOR OBSERVES, ASSISTS, COACHES, AND TRAINS HIM. THE EVALUATION PROCESS CONSISTS OF THE EMPLOYEE REPORTING PROGRESS, THE SUPERVISOR CHECKING PROGRESS, AND THE EMPLOYEE AND SUPERVISOR MEASURING PROGRESS AGAINST OBJECTIVES.


In order to analyze the high frequency dynamical and the sound radiation characteristics of unballasted track under an irregularity condition,the paper proposed a vehicle-track vertical coupled model of high-speed railway.Under the incentive of surface roughness and considering contact filtering,the high frequency vertical load between rail and wheels can be calculated.Applying the load on the three dimensional finite element model,based on the rail structure of actual conditions in our country,the high-frequency vibration features of track system under the influence of random vibration loads can be numerically modeled,and the vibration response at the head,waist and base of the rail,the vibration response and vertical vibration acceleration spectrum level of three different sections parallel to the rail plate were calculated.The results show that the biggest vibration response of the rail appears at the rail head while that of the rail plate turn up at the one closer to the rail.The dominate high-frequency vibration of the rail system within the frequency included in the calculation is vibration of rail of which the high amplitude range is 0~3 000 Hz,while,as for the rail plate,the range mainly is 0~1 000 Hz.The domain provided a foundation for using the calculation result of vibration response on the 3D rail structure as speed boundary and calculating orbit sound radiation by acoustic boundary method.


In the paper a numerical analysis of both critical and post-critical state of a thin-walled channel-section simply supported beam under axial c ompression. The beam was made of carbon-epoxy symmetrical composite prepared with a pre-preg technology using 8 layers of unidirectional band. The numerical simulations were performed with Finite Elements Method (FEM) in Abaqus and Ansys environment and an analyt ical-numerical method based on the Koiter theory of conservative systems stability. Th e value of critical load was estimated according to the Tsai-Wu stress criterion. The perf ormed calculations enabled critical state identification, as well as deformation states and e ffort analysis of the laminate structure in post-critical state.


This paper introduces the principle of road surface inspection with ground pentrating radar technology of EKKO Pluse 1000A,especially researchs these aspect such as antenna selection and parameter selection during data acquisition in field,data handling and record explanation indoors,and applies studying achievements to road surface inspection in Highway,effect is well.


Background Reduction of platelet activity induced by statins has been described as a positive effect exerted by such molecules on vascular thrombotic events. However, the relations among cholesterol (LDL‐C) reduction, the timing of the antiplatelet effect, the involved mechanisms and the doses of each statin able to reduce platelet function are not actually well known. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of simvastatin (20 mg day−1), atorvastatin (10 mg day−1), fluvastatin (40 mg day−1) and pravastatin (40 mg day−1) on platelet function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects with relation to (LDL‐C), oxidized‐LDL (ox‐LDL) and antiport mechanism modifications.


The V2O5 films were prepared by the (radio frequency)RF sputtering. The transmission of the samples under different deposition pressures and different Ar/O2 flow ratios was investigated to determine the fundamental preparation condition for the further analysis. On the fundamental condition, the security volt of V2O5 was determined. It is concluded that the annealing makes the V2O5 films have a good reversibility but lowers the electrochromic property.


This paper presents a summary of the sixth workshop in Eye Gaze in Intelligent Human Machine Interaction. The GazeIn'13 workshop is a part of a series of workshops held around the topics related to gaze and multimodal interaction.
 The workshop web-site can be found at http://cs.uef.fi/gazein2013/


In the framework of Habermas' theory of knowledge constitutive interests, the health sciences have not been formally positioned in it to explain, understand and transform their objects or phenomena of study in depth. The scientific societies of health sciences have analyzed these sciences and carried out the training and continuing education of their personnel using the traditional positivist scientific method and have relegated the use of other scientific methods "naturalistic-qualitative" contributed by the social sciences. The purpose of this essay is to outline four theoretical-methodological aspects that justify the use of a mixed methodology and provide research experiences with these methods. It is concluded that it is not the use of a particular technique that defines a researcher as positivist or interpretative or sociocritical, but it is necessary to understand the existence of a correlation between the paradigm and the quantitative and qualitative research methods and their use in a mixed methodology, in order to study reality in a holistic way. It is not productive to give preference to only one of these styles of thought and to exclude the potential of other ones. Consequently, the essential and necessary thing is to examine reality in its entirety, with pluralistic methodologies to promote its change towards conditions of greater equity and social justice.


Cells use membranes as their boundary, shielding their inside from the outside world, and to create internal structure. The different membranes in a cell have large variations in chemical composition, elasticity, shape and function. In contrast with the standard static picture often shown in cartoons, membranes are moreover one of the most dynamic components of the cell. Based on a detailed study of the structure and shape of various membranes we have developed techniques to measure the relevant physical parameters. Using these, we can directly couple the structure and shape to the function of the membrane. Combining these studies with studies of the membrane dynamics we find that membranes can spontaneously demix in different domains, which can interact with each other by forces mediated by the membrane itself. This interaction results in a sorting of the domains by size. Introducing an active element, molecular motors, into the system, we find that new structures are formed. An example of such a structure is a long membrane tube. These tubes also exhibit rich dynamics, and oscillating growth and shrink patters, which makes them suitable length and shape regulators in living cells.


This research was intended to explain the figurative language on the collection of poems entitled Cinta dan Kisah-kisah yang Sulit written by Gita Romadhona. The figurative languages in group of poem described the feeling of the writer and used the aesthetics and meaningful figurative languages. This research was qualitative descriptive. The research data were in the form of dictions, phrases, and lyrics that showed figurative language. The resource of the data was the collection of poems entitled Cinta dan Kisah-kisah yang Sulit written by Gita Romadhona. The instruments of the data were the researcher herself and supported by the table of the data collection. The technique of the data collection was reading and marking the data that contained figurative language on the collection of poems that has been researched. The analysing data included continuously reading, collecting the data, coding, describing the data and writing the conclusion. The testing technique of the data validity was the enhancement diligence technique. Based on the results of the research, it was found about simile figurative languages, personifications, allegories, cynics, epics, metonymies, and metaphors. The figurative languages used were the expressions of the writer itself.


Aim: This study calculated the hypoglucemic capacities of 2 drugs: the erythropoietin (Epo) and the antioxidant drug U-74389G. The calculation was based on the results of 2 preliminary studies, each one of which estimated the hypoglucemic influence, after the respective drug usage in an induced hypoxia reoxygenation animal experiment. Materials and Methods: The 2 main experimental endpoints at which the glucose (Gl) levels were evaluated was the 60th reoxygenation min (for the groups A, C and E) and the 120th reoxygenation min (for the groups B, D and F). Specially, the groups A and B were processed without drugs, groups C and D after Epo administration; whereas groups E and F after U-74389G administration. Results: The first preliminary study of Epo presented a non significant hypoglucemic effect by 0.84%+1.12% (p-value=0.4430). The second preliminary study of U-74389G presented a significant hypoglucemic effect by 3.94%+1.06% (p-value=0.0005). These 2 studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the co-evaluation was that U-74389G has 4.660603-fold more hypoglucemic potency than Epo (p-value=0.0000). Conclusions: The anti-oxidant capacities of U-74389G enhance the acute hypoglucemic properties presenting 4.660603-fold more intentive hypoglucemia than Epo (p-value=0.0000).


Utilizing temperature data in Heze City,abrupt climate changes of average temperature in four seasons were found and main characteristics of daily maximum and minimum temperature with its evolvement rules were revealed.In winter and summer,the temperature changed smoothly and daily temperature variation was slight.In spring and autumn,both the temperature change and daily temperature variation were great.This research had reference value for better understanding climate changes and making temperature prediction accurate in the local area.


ESTRAGON: I'm going. VLADIMIR: Help me up first. Then we'll go together. ESTRAGON: You promise? VLADIMIR: I swear it! ESTRAGON: And we'll never come back? VLADIMIR: Never! ESTRAGON: We'll go to the Pyrenees. VLADIMIR: Wherever you like. ESTRAGON: I've always wanted to wander in the Pyrenees. VLADIMIR: You'll wander in them. (Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot) 1.--Introduction Samuel Beckett never went to Spain. At least there are no records that indicate that he ever crossed the Pyrenees. There is nothing particularly remarkable in that, he did not go to many other countries, like Poland, Bulgaria or South Africa, to name but a few. What is striking is that, for many years, he seems to have been skirting Spain, making a huge circle around this southern Mediterranean country, so that, at the end of his life, he had established a kind of cordon sanitaire around the area and this requires an interpretation. He was born in Ireland (1906) and lived there in his youth. In his early manhood he went to France and Italy, lived in London, travelled to Germany, returning to France to live there until his death in 1989. He went back to Ireland, Britain and Germany at different periods of his life, flew once to the US, and he also went on holiday or stayed briefly in the former Yugoslavia, Switzerland, Holland, Austria, Italy, Sardinia, Greece, Malta, Tunisia, Morocco, Portugal and Madeira, marking in this way Spain a place that had to be avoided, a no-go area, with which no interaction seemed possible. I do not think that there is a single answer to the question of why Beckett did not visit Spain. The issue cannot therefore be addressed in a straightforward way, in a single arrow to the centre where the heart of the matter may lie. In what follows I will try to mimic Beckett and to go round the subject in a series of circles, making different approaches as the only possible way of handling the problem. It should be stated at the outset that this article does not deal with the influence of Spanish literature in the work of Samuel Beckett. Although Spanish culture at large did not leave an indelible mark in his oeuvre (Fernandez 2011), it is true that his readings of Spanish authors can be detected in some of his works. Maria Jose Carrera, for instance, has proved that Beckett was acquainted with Cervantes' Don Quijote (which he had read in French) and that this influence can be appreciated in Mercier and Camier (Carrera 2007: 150). The focus of this essay will specifically be on the relationship of Beckett with Spain, his likely opinions and misgivings, in an attempt to explain the reason for his not visiting the country. It is interesting to note that at different periods of his life he could have easily made the journey. As a young man he had devoted some time at studying the language (1) and in October 1935 he thought of visiting the country (Pilling 2006: 54). Many years later, in September 1968, in order to recover from a long illness, he ventured the possibility of having a holiday in the Canary Islands, although in the end he and his wife Suzanne opted for Madeira (Knowlson 1997: 559-560). In the early 1960's he was invited for a visit by one of his Spanish friends, Manolo Fandos, and in 1985 the organisers of a festival of his work in Madrid also sent the cursory request for his presence at the event, but the frontier was never crossed. 2.--Beckett and travel The truth is that, with the exception of his visit to New York in 1964, Beckett's travels were limited to a rather small region of the world. When he was an established author, from the mid-1950's onwards, he lived in Paris and had a cottage in the village of Ussy-Sur-Marne, not far from the French capital, where he retired when he needed solitude. He occasionally went to England or Germany for work and he took a holiday with his wife to a warmer climate from time to time, and that was it. …


The Metropole Regions of Germany create economic and social environment for continuous improvement of wellbeing of an older generation. Rapid pace of innovation and economic development provide the target living standards. The final objective of economic modernization and scientific and technical transformation is functioning of an innovation region. Economic potential of a well-functioning innovation region contributes to improvement of leaving conditions and healthcare of population. The concept of the Metropole Regions in Germany appeared in the end of 80s. Economic development of Germany required focusing on centers of urban agglomeration. The areas with a high concentration of population, administrative and educational institutions, banks, enterprises, etc. influenced the economic policy of a country. Far-reaching potential of new economy required the right political decisions from the government. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk