Psychiatric disorders are currently widespread across the globe. Anxiety and depression are two highly prevalent disorders in all human societies [1-3]. By definition, anxiety is a kind of natural feeling that is experienced in threatening situations. Clinical features of anxiety disorders are similar to and do not differ in type from those of normal anxiety, but differ in duration and severity. Anxiety disorders are one of the major humans' issues [4]. Reduced synaptic threshold during anxiety increases the defensive response to normal stimuli. Studies have demonstrated the wide role of neurochemical systems in anxiety [5,6]. Anxiety is a type of mental uneasiness, perturbation and concern accompanied by physiological changes such as increased heart rate, hypertension, increased respiratory rate, and increased muscle tone, leading to the patient's ANXIETY and depression are two highly prevalent disorders in all human communities. The purpose of the present study was to report medicinal plant species that local people, according to their ethnobotanical knowledge, in Shahrekord use as antianxiety and antidepressant agents. The present ethnobotanical study was carried out to report and collect indigenous knowledge in the studied region in 2017 via face-to-face interviews and by using a questionnaire distributed among 29 traditional therapists. To this end, interviewers referred to respondents in person to elicit their pharmacological and ethnobotanical knowledge, and then register their viewpoints related to herbal medicine. The data extracted from the questionnaires were appropriately and meticulously tabulated, and data analysis was done by the Excel software. In this study, the formula below was used to calculate the frequency of plant use. Medicinal plants that are used as antianxiety and antidepressant drugs according to the ethnobotanical knowledge in Shahrekord include Fritillaria imperialis L., Ducrosia anethifolia L., Anchusa italyca Retz. (L.) DC., Dracocephalum multicaule, Stachys lavandulifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Tripleurospermum parviflorum L., Crataegus persica, Hypericum scabrum L., Valeriana officinalis, Centaurea cyanus, Rheum ribes L. and Melissa officinalis L are the most herbal plants effective on anxiety and depression on shahrekord ethno-botany.


Abstract Data are presented on the gut contents, ventral caeca fine structure and concentration of metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in Andaniexis abyssi and Stegocephalus inflatus captured live off Bergen. Additionally, some observations on gut contents and ventral caecal fine structure are also given relating to preserved Andaniopsis nordlandica collected off. the Norwegian coast. Andaniexis abyssi stomachs from shelf and fjord locations contained sand grains, muscle(?) tissue, fragments of arthropods and other animal remains together with dark granules. Animals derived from the fjord location also contained nematocysts. Andaniopsis nordlandica stomachs likewise contained sand grains, much larger quantities of nematocysts, arthropod fragments and muscle tissue, together with occasional brown crystals. The dark granules in Andaniexis abyssi stomachs are interpreted as voided Curich granules, the brown crystals in Andaniopsis nordlandica as voided ferritin crystals. The mouthparts of Andaniexis abyssi are redes...


Authenticity has been gaining significant interest in management and in organizational scholarship (c.f., Freeman & Auster, 2015; Hewlin, Dumas & Burnett, 2015; Pratt & Kraatz, 2009; Roberts, Cha, Hewlin & Settles, 2009). The extent to which individuals and organizations understand themselves as and are perceived to be authentic has become a central consideration in organizational life. Recent conceptual and empirical work has primed a variety of promising avenues to explore, theorize, operationalize, and refine the notion of authenticity as it relates to and influences individuals (e.g., Buckman, 2014; Cable, Kay & Carolina, 2012; Goffee & Jones, 2005; Leroy, Anseel, Gardner, & Sels, 2015; Yagil & Medler- Liraz, 2013) and collectives (e.g., Freeman & Auster, 2011; Cording, Harrison, Hoskisson & Jonsen, 2013; Corley & Harrison, 2009; Howard-Grenville, Metzger & Meyer, 2013; Steckler, 2014) in organizational contexts. This 90-minute panel symposium brings together leading authenticity scholars who represen...


For good transformer condition assessment it is necessary to determine the condition of insulating materials, both liquid and solid. Transformer is reliable for as long as its insulation system resists deterioration. Therefore, thermal and oxidation stability are important characteristics of transformer oil. It is a measure of oil resistance for decomposition by the influence of oxygen and temperature. Oils with good thermal and oxidation stability retain their characteristics regardless the thermal stress. Because of environmental and safety issues, the use of synthetic ester-based transformer oils is increasing. Although they have been in use in smaller transformers (distributive, traction, …) for decades, limit values for chemical and physical characteristics are still discussed. New methods for thermal stability evaluation can be useful for insulation condition assessment.


The article outlines the results of research conducted in Tomsk region. The research covers the origins of rural poverty, outlines the typology of both the rural poor and the strategies of social and economic survival. The article contains the analysis of respective research strategies.


4-Amino-1,2-dimethylimidazole-5-carbaldehyde (1) and 5-amino-1-methylimidazole-4-carbaldehydes 3 were prepared by reduction of the corresponding aminoimidazolecarbonitriles 2 and 4. Condensation of 1 and 3 with carbonitriles, ketones and polyfunctional carbonyl compounds bearing the-CH2CO-moiety afforded to the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives.


CMOS technology has been extensively used for the realization of image sensors at Terahertz frequencies. The explanation of its strong efficiency was usually given invoking a mechanism described by the plasma wave detection theory. This model predicts that, when a high frequency potential is applied between gate and source electrodes of a MOSFET, oscillations of the 2D electron gas, located in the inversion layer, converts THz radiation into a DC voltage. Recently, we developed a new model of the self-mixing rectification process occurring in the depleted portion of a semiconductors crossed by a radiofrequency electric field. We studied both the new double barrier structure and the extensively used depleted region in MOS. In this paper, on the light of these new results, we review the theory of the THz detection in a MOS-FET structure. For a comparison with the former approach, we notice that the volume of interaction between free carriers and the RF electric field considered in this model is much higher that the volume considered in the plasma wave model. Technology Computer-Aided Design software simulations, using the Harmonic Balance analysis, will be adopted as evaluation tool. This consideration suggests that self-mixing effect may be more relevant in determining the rectification process. In the authors opinion, this approach substantially improves understanding of the THz rectification in semiconductors and in particular in MOS-FET structures.


Environmental campaigners have raised further concerns about silicone breast implants manufactured by the French company Poly Implant Prothese (PIP), saying that they contained an endocrine disrupting chemical that at low doses could damage developing fetuses.

Their article in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine said that the silicone in the PIP implants had a higher proportion of small sized siloxane molecules D4, D5, and D6 than the norm. It said that even low doses of D4 (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane) could affect a developing fetus.1

The article disagreed with the conclusion of the expert group chaired by the NHS's medical director, Bruce …


Abstract : This thesis proposes the development of a Massively Multiplayer On-Line Game (MMOG) to deliver Weapons of Mass Destruction Training to the Nation's First Responders and civilians. MMOG technology offers a cost effective alternative to existing training methodologies. Existing first responder WMD training often uses traditional in-residence classes. These current training methods are expensive, lack standardization, and do not have provable outcomes. Scaling up existing training to meet the needs of millions of responders would be cost prohibitive. Modern information technologies such as MMOGs offer a safe, efficient, effective and fun alternative mechanism to deliver training. MMOGs could scale to meet the volume of training need at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods. The DoD has proven the effectiveness of simulation games as a training tool, and the use of gaming and simulations is recognized in academia.


For firms both large and small, global integration usually has a very positive impact. This work explores new gains from deep international integration. The authors supplement their research with real-life profiles of representative American exporters, importers, investors abroad and others.


The invention provides a method for preparing reconstructed jadeite, which comprises the following steps of: refining leftovers of natural jadeite, performing magnetic separation to remove black or dark-colored materials with magnetism from jadeite powder, proportioning raw materials, uniformly mixing in a mixer, performing ball milling by using a low-temperature high-energy ball mill, adding lead-free colorless glass, and performing ball milling again; and prepressing final powder for forming, putting a preformed compact into a high-pressure hydrothermal kettle, and sintering at the temperature of between 350 and 500 DEG C under the pressure of less than 45MPa, wherein 1 to 5 mass percent of coloring element, namely the natural jadeite with high chromium content, and 1 to 10 mass percent of lead-free colorless glass serving as a binder are added. By the method, scarce resources can be fully utilized, the natural polycrystalline aggregate jadeite is reconstructed by the high-pressure hydrothermal process and the like, and a natural jadeite imitation product with large volume and good color can be prepared on the basis of not changing the crystalline structure of the jadeite.


The development of rural e-commerce in China has important economic, social, cultural, and ecological values, which is conducive to the sustainable development of rural areas, the efficient use of rural resources, and the comprehensive development of farmers. This paper aims to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for the development level of rural e-commerce, use the analytic hierarchy method to determine the weights of each level, and conduct cluster analysis of the development level of provinces through the systematic clustering method. The results show that: (1) Infrastructure, digital management, digital governance, technological innovation, and talent cultivation are all important factors affecting the development level of rural e-commerce, of which infrastructure construction, digital business expansion, and e-commerce talent cultivation are more important. (2) Overall, the development level of rural e-commerce in China's provinces presents such a pattern: Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Fujian are comprehensively leading; Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Tibet are developing rapidly, and the rest of the provinces are developing and growing. (3) The Yangtze River Delta region is the region with the most active development level of rural e-commerce in China. The development of rural e-commerce in China is characterized by the south being better than the north and the east better than the west. The findings of this study can provide a basis for evaluating the level of rural e-commerce in various provinces in China, and provide guidance for the development of rural e-commerce in various provinces to achieve high-quality development in the next step.


Abstract A description is given of the effects of welding, heat-treatment and composition on corrosion rates of various grades of stainless steel exposed to 615 F hydrogen-hydrogen sulfide stream i...


With the help of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD ) and orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis, experiments of the different batch annealing Parameters were conducted to give an study of texture of Cold-rolling Low Carbon sheet steel based on CSP, and the relationship between initial isothermal temperature and drawing properties has been investigated. Cold-rolled sheet annealing process is nearing completion of recrystallization annealing has a strong favorable texture, and then cold-rolled sheet will help ensure isothermal conducive to further improve texture. The double step isothermal batch annealing process design, enabling access to a strong favorable texture and uniform pancake grains and higher drawing properties, and the proper temperature is the key control factor level.


ABSTRACT In the past decade, two major advances in our understanding of nuclear organization have taken the field of gene regulation by storm. First, technologies that can analyze the three-dimensional conformation of chromatin have revealed how the genome is organized and have provided novel insights into how regulatory regions in the genome interact. Second, the recognition that many proteins can form membraneless compartments through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has challenged long-standing notions of how proteins within the nucleus are organized and has offered a tantalizing general mechanism by which many aspects of nuclear function may be regulated. However, the functional roles of chromatin topology and LLPS in regulating gene expression remain poorly understood. These topics were discussed with great fervor during an open discussion held at a recent workshop titled 'Chromatin-based regulation of development' organized by The Company of Biologists. Here, we summarize the major points covered during this debate and discuss how they tie into current thinking in the field of gene regulation. Summary: This Spotlight summarizes a debate on the role of chromatin topology and liquid-liquid phase separation in regulating gene expression at a workshop organized by The Company of Biologists titled 'Chromatin-based regulation of development'.


The utility model discloses a static force loading device of a high-power blade test bench. The device comprises a stand, two sliding rails, two guide rails, a winch, a lifting device, a chain lockset, a steel wire rope, a tension sensor and a fixture component, wherein the stand is fixed on the foundation; the two sliding rails are fixedly arranged at the front end of the stand; the two guide rails are positioned on the two sliding rails, and can slide relative to the two sliding rails along the vertical direction; a base of the winch is fixed on the guide rails; the lifting device is fixed on the top of the stand; the chain lockset is connected between the lifting device and the winch; one end of the steel wire rope is wound on the winch, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the fixture component used for fixedly clamping a high-power blade; and the tension sensor is arranged on the steel wire rope.


An approach to lignin-based epoxy networks from both organosolv lignin and lignin-derived phenol (dihydroeugenol) are developed using multiple chemical modifications including demethylation, phenolation, and a phenol-formaldehyde reaction. Structures of lignin-incorporated novolac polyphenols and epoxy networks (LINENs) were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Compared to a common synthesis route in which lignin was epoxidized prior to blend with comonomers, LINEN derivatives exhibited improved cross-link density, α-relaxation temperature and storage modulus in a glassy region as obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis, and increased thermal stability measured by thermogravimetric analysis. This study widens the routes of lignin modification. Renewable epoxy networks derived from both lignin and lignin derivatives are economically and ecologically attractive.


Constructing a quantum computer requires immensely precise control over a quantum system. A lack of precision is often quantified by gate-error metrics, such as the average infidelity or the diamond distance. However, usually such gate-error metrics are only considered for individual gates, and not the errors that accumulate over consecutive gates. Furthermore, it is not well known how susceptible the metrics are to the assumptions which make up the model. Here, we investigate these issues using realistic simulation models of quantum computers with flux-tunable transmons and coupling resonators. We show that the gate-error metrics are susceptible to many of the assumptions which make up the model. Additionally, we find that consecutive gate errors do not accumulate linearly. Previous work showed that the gate-error metrics are poor predictors for the performance of consecutive gates. Here, we provide further evidence and a concise theoretical explanation for this finding. Furthermore, we discuss a problem that potentially limits the overall scaling capabilities of the device architecture we study in this work.


All‐inorganic lead‐free palladium (Pd) halogen perovskites with prominent optoelectronic properties provide admirable potential for selective photo‐ and electroreduction of CO2. But it remains unachieved for effectively converting the CO2 to CO with high selectivity on Pd‐based perovskites driven by solar light or electricity. Herein, high‐quality Cs2PdBr6 microcrystals and nanocrystals were synthesized through a facile antisolvent method. Among all the reported pure‐phase perovskites, the Cs2PdBr6 nanocrystals synthesized at 50 °C performed the highest effectiveness on CO2 to CO conversion generating 73.8 μmol g−1 of CO yield with 100% selectivity under visible light illumination (λ > 420 nm) for 3 h. Meanwhile, for the first time, we report a new application of lead‐free perovskites, in which they are applied to electrocatalysis of CO2 reduction reaction. Noticeably, they showed significant electrocatalytic activity (Faradaic yield: 78% for CO) and operation stability (10 h). And the surface reaction intermediates were dynamically monitored and precisely unraveled according to the in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra investigation. In combination with the density functional theory calculation, the reaction mechanism and pathways were revealed. This work not only provides significant strategies to enhance the photocatalytic performance of perovskites, but also shows excellent potential for their application in electrocatalysis.


Music notation has evolved to the point in which music scores can be digitalized to give composers a different dimension of music composition. Traditional method of music notation using pen and paper requires much time and effort especially during reviewing and editing of hand written music scores. On the other hand of the spectrum, computerizing the entire music composition process can potentially reduce the workload; however, previous approaches in digitizing music notation suffer from the overwhelming functions and the lack of human touch. In this paper, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a multi-touch application called Musicflow, which allows for automatic transcription of composers' music into digital music scores through one's fingertips. To facilitate natural, efficient interaction, MusicFlow supports many multi-touch gestures such as music notation, editing and playing back for reviewing. In addition, Musicflow includes a collaborative teaching tool which further enhances music education by engaging both the teacher and students actively on a multi-touch table. Our initial evaluation indicates that MusicFlow is intuitive to use and effective for music composition.


In order to cope with the ever-increasing adaptability and flexibility re- quirements for software we introduce the notion of a Concept-Centric Coding (C3) environment. The aim is to provide an active domain meta layer that can be used as a basic infrastructure to set up a documented malleable implementation. We il- lustrate this by means of COBRO, a proof-of-concept C3 environment developed in Smalltalk.


We studied the intrinsic optical bistability(OB) of coated spherical particles with graded dielectric profiles.According to Maxwell equations, we obtained the spatial average of the local field in the core as a function of the external applied field. Numerical results for power-law graded profiles show that the optical bistable behavior is dependent on the shell thickness and the power-laws exponent k . The interval of optical bistability increases with increasing shell thickness or increasing k . In addition, the field-dependent reflectance at normal incidence R in random composites is also investigated, and a hysteretic loop is observed.


Objective To investigate the effect of reconstruction of lower eyelid ectropion using the flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle. Methods All patients with lower eyelid ectropion were reconstructed by the flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle. The flap was transferred with 180 or 90 degree rotation to cover lower eyelid defect and the donor site was sutured. 34 cases were repaired by temporal flaps pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle,the largest flap size was 1.8cm×2.8cm.6 cases were repaired by paranasal flaps pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle , the largest flap size was 0.7cm×1.8cm. Results Fourty patients have been followed up for 6~12 months with satisfactory results and no recurrence was appearance. Conclusion Application of the flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle may get satisfactory result in reconstruction of lower eyelid ectropion.


Objective:To investigate the role of X molybdenum and MSCT in the diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods:MSCT and X molybdenum imaging data of 72 patients with breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively,which focused on observe diagnostic efficacy by using MSCT and X molybdenum together.Results:Diagnostic accuracy of X molybdenum was 78%.Diagnostic accuracy of combining X molybdenum with MSCT was 92%.Conclusion:X molybdenum can be a routine and prefer examination method.It can improve diagnostic accuracy by examine method of combining X molybdenum with MSCT.


New experimental data on double-charge exchange of Li/sup +/, Na/sup +/, and K/sup +/ ions in a number of gases are presented which corfirm the possibility of application of Massey's adiabatic condition to explain the shape of the sigma /sub 1-1/(v) curves. Some of the sigma /sub 1-1/(v) curves obtained permit conclusions to be drawn regarding the behavior of these curves in the region v < v/sub max/ near the peak. (auth)


B ROAD taxonomic surveys of particular behavioral traits provide an important background for systematic decisions as well as interpretations on the evolution of behavior. I here review one kind of behavior, discuss aspects of its evolution, and assess its potential as a taxonomic character. In seeking food hidden on the ground some avian species often use characteristic lateral sweeps of the bill to move aside twigs, leaves, dry soil, or snow. In view of its descriptive appropriateness the term "bill-sweeping" has been chosen to designate this foraging behavior. Kilham (1968) used the same term for similar movements used by nuthatches (S&a) on a trunk or branch apparently to create spurious olfactory trails which may serve to mislead squirrels seeking nuthatch nests. My observations have been made over several years in the field, at a feeding station, and in aviaries. Although the ornithological literature is too voluminous to search exhaustively for records of bill-sweeping, an extensive literature search has been made with examination of studies on hundreds of species. I have listed a citation for each genus for which I have found a record of sweeping hut have not attempted to cite every published comment on the subject. Much remains to be learned about billsweeping, and I hope that this first review of the subject will also indicate areas needing further investigation. The present report is an extension of an earlier study on bill-wiping which involves similar movements (Clark, 1970b). Bill-sweeping ordinarily results in the movement of a conspicuous quantity of material on a substrate and is thus unlike typical bill-wiping. The sideward motions of the bill used by some aquatic foragers (e.g., Platalea) also resembles sweeping but are not reviewed here. In addition, the common cases in which items are lifted between the mandibles and then dropped without a consistent and detectable lateral movement of the bill are also excluded from detailed consideration. At a feeding station I have seen such raising and dropping of items without sweeping by Cyanocitta cristata, Parus atricapillus, P. bicolor, Sitta carolinensis, Quiscalus quiscula, Molothrus ater, Spinus pinus, S. tristis, Junco hyemalis, Spizella arborea, and Passerella iliaca.


Nihongo no Sintaknau to Iai, I 'Japanese Syntax and Meaning, I' by Hideo Teramura. Tokyo: Kuroshioshuppan, 1982. Pp. 326. ¥2,900. Nihongo no Sintakusu to lai, II 'Japanese Syntax and Meaning, II, by Hideo Teramura. Tokyo: Kuroshioshuppan, 1984. Pp. 365. ¥3,600. Reviewed by: Mieko Ohso, Kansai University of Foreign Studies The books under review are the first two volumes of the expected fourvolume work which will comprehensively describe the basic syntax and syntactic meanings of Japanese sentences when completed. The author's primary aim is to write a reference grammar which will provide students of Japanese with the syntactic rules necessary to understand and produce grammatical Japanese sentences. But various theoretical studies previously done are also introduced by the author as background information for his analyses. The book contains interesting analyses of Japanese, and also contrasts Japanese with other languages, mainly with English. Volume I consists of four chapters. Types of grammatical rules and meanings are discussed in the preliminary chapter to define the scope of the linguistic phenomena dealt with in the book. Next, Chapter I deals with the definition of the most basic categories in syntax, sentence and word, and with syntactic categorization of words. Chapter 2 is concerned with the structure of the proposition. This chapter is subdivided according to types of predicates and nominal complements they take. Chapter 3 deals with the system of voice. The passive, potential, spontaneous, and causative voices are discussed. It also discusses the corresponding pairs of transitive and intransitive verbs as the lexical realization of voice interacting with the syntactic voices given above. Volume II consists of three chapters. Chapter 4 examines various views


To the Editor:

I read with interest the article by Valentin Fuster and Joseph Sweeny, "Aspirin: A Historical and Contemporary Therapeutic Overview,"1 in which the discovery of the drug aspirin is presented as a logical sequence of activities inspired by the knowledge of pharmacological effects of willow extracts. In taking into account the scientific context in which the discovery of aspirin took place, I propose to revise this description. Neither Kolbe's synthesis of salicylic acid nor Gerhardt's synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid were performed in the context of drug development. The discovery of the drug aspirin only started with the efforts of chemists at Farbenfabriken Bayer …


For crystal-impurity systems with similar structures and molecular weights, the impurity has a strong tendency to incorporate into the crystal lattice, making it difficult to obtain high purity with a single crystallization or even multiple crystallizations. In such cases, complexation of the impurity with an additive can be used to sterically prevent impurity incorporation in the host lattice. A nanofiltration membrane can be used to preferentially reject the higher molecular weight impurity complex in solution, while allowing the lower molecular weight API to permeate through. This permeate stream can be concentrated and recycled to operate the crystallization in a continuous mode with the aim of enhancing both yield and crystal purity simultaneously. In the present work, this strategy was applied to the continuous cooling crystallization of two systems in a mixed-suspension mixed-product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer from their solutions in 50:50 (by volume) water–ethanol mixed solvent. The first system...


This work aims to improve the knowledge phytochemical for the species of the genus Zanthoxylum. This study is justified due to the scarcity of information about the chemical composition of species of this genus, endemic to Brazil. Species belonging to family Rutaceae has been used in folk medicine around the world, including Brazil, have been identified as a potential source for prototypes or new drugs. The literature correlates the biological activities of some of these species with the presence of alkaloids, among them alkaloids benzylisoquinolines which besides being related to the pharmacological activity are considered possible chemical markers. Species Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Z. stelligerum and Z. tingoassuiba were collected in semiarid environments and subjected to conventional procedures phytochemicals which led to the identification of benzo [c] phenanthridine alkaloids (dihydrochelerythrine), (angoline), (arnottianamide) and (pseudo-norchelerythrine), and the protoberberínico alkaloid (cis-N-methylcanadine iodide) and pseudoprotoberberine alkaloid (2,3methylendioxy 10,11-dimethoxy tetrahydroprotoberberine iodide) was also isolated the aporphine alkaloid (predicentrine-methiodide) and alkaloid (methyl N-methyl anthranilate); the furocumarins (imperatorin) (xanthotoxin) (isopimpinellin) besides the furofuran lignan (sesamin) and the triterpenoids (lupeol), (-amyrin) and (amyrinone) the latter two found only in the wax epicuticular on the leaves of Z. tingoassuiba. The volatile oil from leaves of Z. tingoassuiba was obtained by supercritical CO2 and by hydrodistillation of which were identified 06 monoterpenes, 10 sesquiterpenes and the alkaloid (methyl N-methyl anthranilate) this oil showed antifungal and antibacterial activity and ability to loaded into multilamellar liposomes. The identification of these substances was based on their IR spectra, H and C NMR single and two-dimensional, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry direct insertion, and comparison with literature data. The metabolites isolated and identified in the three species are consistent with those already found in the genus Zanthoxylum, such as quaternary benzylisoquinolines alkaloids and furnocumarinas which are associated with the primitive character of the genus. The promising results of biological activities, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and antiinterference, collaborate with the classification of genus as a source for the development of new drugs.


Two Web-based laboratory modules have been developed and implemented for reinforcing basic concepts in kinematics in the learning of biomechanics. In the linear kinematics module, students digitize the mid-hip, heel and toe on images showing the side views of sprinting, running and jogging and analyze the stride length and time and velocity alTlong these actions. For the angular kinematics module, students digitize the near shoulder, hip, and knee on images of one complete revolution of a forward giant swing of a gymnast and determine the hip angle, the angular velocity and acceleration of the trunk. Evaluations and feedback from biomechanics instructors and students in biomechanics courses have suggested that these modules have the potential to be effective educational tools.


Prior to the time when no effort was being made to reduce corrosion in public water supplies, the corrosiveness of the water varied greatly for different cities. The water in some of the supplies was known to be acid, yet in the vast majority of supplies it was alkaline, according to the customary test for alkalinity. There was no very good explanation as to why some of these waters corroded the pipes very much more readily than others. In giving this matter consideration in 1919 and 1920, the equilibriums of certain substances in solution were studied. Where the water was fairly non-corrosive to iron pipes it was found that it was saturated or nearly saturated with calcium carbonate, and where it was corrosive the water was not saturated with this compound. It was only one or two years prior to this that chemists began to give consideration to the hydrogen ion concentration of water and the value of the test had not been demon-


Background: The present study intended to determine and report patient effective dose on the basis of patients and exposure data. Materials and methods: A nationwide computed tomography (CT) survey was provided as a report of patient doses in 2015-2016. Scan details were collected for nearly 2,000 adults and children in four age groups subjected to CT examinations. From total 565 CT scanners in different models in Iran, 120 different scanners were sampled. ImpactDose software was used to calculate the effective dose (ED) by collecting the necessary data also as an alternative fast method, the ED was estimated by multiplying dose length product (DLP) and a conversion factor. Results: There was a high variation in doses received by patients. The estimated EDs by the DLP and conversion factor were lower (except for sinus protocol) than those by ImpactDose software (p=0.014). The mean EDs were 1.09, 0.66, 7.70 and 13.29 mSv for adult patients' procedures of head, sinus, chest and abdomen-pelvis, respectively. In terms of CTDIvol and DLP, in Iran the mean effective doses were significantly lower than other countries. Conclusion: Publishing guidelines and exposure tables according to patient situations is necessary to decrease variations in doses and exposure parameters. Since the DLP conversion factor leads to a considerable discrepancy in calculating ED, when there is a need for precise dose calculations, the DLP conversion factor should not be used. Furthermore, it is suggested that ED be used as DRL, instead of CTDIvol.


Multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)/epoxy composites with different MWCNTs contents have been prepared by cast-molding method.The MWCNTs were firstly surface functionalized by ultrasonication in mixed acid appropriately.The mechanical properties of the composites and the relationship between the performance and the microstructure were investigated by TEM,SEM,HRSEM and the tensile testing machine.The results indicated that the strength and toughness of the composites were dramatically improved with the addition of MWCNTs from 2.0%to 8.0%.The composites with 8.0%MWCNTs content exhibits much higher mechanical value than that of pure resin,and the tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 13%and 127.8%,respectively.


The authors describe the polarization behavior of platinum and iridium in 2PbO . SiO/sub 2/ melts investigated between 850{sup 0} and 900{sup 0}C using cyclic voltammetry and current-reversal chronopotentiometry. With respect to a Pb/2PbO . SiO/sub 2/ reference potential, the melt decomposed anodically at 0.64V in agreement with reported values obtained from two electrode measurements. Under anodic polarization, the evolution of O/sub 2/ increased exponentially. Platinum oxidized to form PtO/sub 2/ and iridium oxidized to form IrO/sub 2/ and, what is believed to be, Pb/sub 2/Ir/sub 2/O/sub 7-x/. The reactions involving Pto/sub 2/ occurred at potentials in excess of its equilibrium Pt/PtO/sub 2/ potential whereas reactions of IrO/sub 2/ were very close to the Ir/IrO/sub 2/ potential. An approximate value for the free energy of formation of Pb/sub 2/Ir/sub 2/O/sub 7-x/ was estimated to be -310 kJ/mol at 900{sup 0}C which is consistent with conditions of its synthesis in air.


Various seismic behaviors such as large earthquakes, episodic slow slip events, or silent earthquakes are observed in subduction zones. Knowledge of the frictional properties of input material to subduction zones would help to understand the complicated seismic behaviors. On the Cocos plate, which subducts beneath the Caribbean Plate at Middle America Trench offshore Costa Rica, input sediments containing clay, silty clay sediments and silicic to calcareous ooze were collected during the IODP expedition 334. We have been studying the frictional properties of the collected input material to the Costa Rica subduction zone. In order to better understand frictional processes of a fault in silicic to calcareous ooze, we have performed a series of friction experiments on a simulated fault gouge containing mixtures of amorphous silica and calcite. Frictional experiments were performed at a constant slip velocity of v = 0.28 mm/s, and also under a velocity-stepping condition. The silicic to calcareous ooze sample showed the following characteristic behavior. The friction coefficients at 0.28 mm/s showed initial peaks at 0.4?0.6 and subsequent little decrease, followed by a gradual increase to attain a constant friction value at 0.6?0.8. The analogue gouge containing 40?80 wt% of calcite reproduced such frictional behavior well. The experimental samples of the input ooze material required only about 40 mm of displacement to attain constant steady-state friction level. However, the calcite/amorphous silica mixtures needed larger displacement to attain steady-state friction. Furthermore, the calcite/amorphous silica mixtures could not reproduce friction velocity dependence observed for the collected ooze samples. The result suggests the importance of studying effects of grain size distribution and the grain morphologies on the frictional properties of the silicic to calcareous ooze material.


In this paper, an off-grid direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation algorithm which can work on a non-uniform linear array (NULA) is proposed. The original semidefinite programming (SDP) representation of the atomic norm exploits a summation of one-rank matrices constructed by atoms, where the summation of one-rank matrices equals a Hermitian Toeplitz matrix when using the uniform linear array (ULA). On the other hand, when the antennas in the array are placed arbitrarily, the summation of one-rank matrices is a Hermitian matrix whose diagonal elements are equivalent. Motivated by this property, the proposed algorithm replaces the Hermitian Toeplitz matrix in the original SDP with the constrained Hermitian matrix. Additionally, when the antennas are placed symmetrically, the performance can be enforced by adding extra constraints to the Hermitian matrix. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher estimation accuracy and resolution than other algorithms on both array structures; i.e., the arbitrary array and the symmetric array.


Liver regeneration requires an enormous energy supply. Experimental evidence suggests that mitochondrial function is of paramount importance for liver regeneration. However, this has not been investigated in the clinical setting. We aimed to: (i) evaluate changes in mitochondrial function during hepatectomy, especially after hepatic pedicle clamping; and (ii) correlate these changes with postoperative hepatocellular function and clinical outcome.


Sir .—I read with great interest the article by Specker et al. 1 They have shown that despite very low vitamin D levels in the breast milk of black mothers (3.6 pg/mL), as compared with those of white mothers (22.3 pg/mL), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels were nearly the same in both groups (black mothers, 30.6 pg/mL; white mothers, 41 pg/mL). However, mean serum 25-OHD concentrations of black infants (20 ±6 pg/mL) and white infants (34 ±5 pg/mL) did not indicate vitamin D deficiency despite their diets not being supplemented with vitamins. Normal 25-OHD levels, especially of black infants, might suggest that the absorption of vitamin D and specifically that of 25-OHD in breast milk should be studied. If it is shown that absorption of 25-OHD in breast milk is much better than that in formula, as in the case of iron in breast milk, the protective effect of it from


The present invention relates to a composition comprising a carrier adapted to be coated uniformly by a microbial biomass said biomass representing from 10 to 30% by dry matter of the total dry matter of the coated support. It also relates to a process for preparing said composition as well as a starter for fermentation type enhancer and a probiotic comprising said composition.


In this study, an integrated system dynamics model was developed for scenario analysis in sub-sectors of the Kheirabad River Basin in southwestern Iran where managing water resources is seriously challenging due to population growth and periodic drought. Afterward, the variability of water demand and supply under baseline scenario and different water demand management policies, including water conservation and water pricing, was evaluated. Findings illustrated that with increasing population and cropland area if no further demand management policies were implemented, the total water demand and withdrawal of water resources increase by more than 0.75% annually. The annual surface water availability during 2018-2030 is expected to decrease by around -1.23%. Under these circumstances, the sustainability index of the water resources system is equal to 0.703, indicating that the water system would not be able to meet the total water demand in the near future. However, the water resource sustainability index increases significantly by improving irrigation efficiency and changing crop patterns at the basin. Also, the reduction in per capita water demand and domestic water pricing under the competition structure would help to improve the sustainability index to 0.963 and 0.749, respectively.


Although integrated models are increasingly used for water management purposes, detailed applications of these models under different conditions are necessary to guide their implementation. The objective of this study was to examine some of the challenges encountered when simulating surface water–groundwater interactions in a post-glacial geological environment. The integrated Mike SHE model was used to simulate transient-state heads and flows in the Raquette River watershed in the Vaudreuil-Soulanges region of southwestern Quebec (Canada) over a 2-year period. This application benefited from a detailed hydrogeological database recently developed for the region. Overall, flows, heads and groundwater inputs to the river were adequately simulated. A sensitivity analysis has shown that many hydrogeologic and surface flow parameters have an impact on both flow rates and heads, thus underlining the importance of using an integrated model to study watershed-scale water issues. Additional flow rate measurements to improve the quality of rating curves and continuous flow measurements in tributaries could improve model calibration. An explicit simulation of unsaturated zone infiltration processes, including soil flow, plant and evaporation processes, as well as the inclusion of the agricultural tile drainage system, could reduce simulation errors. Extending the model calibration over a longer period, including contrasting hydrological conditions, would make the model more robust in view of its use for water management under land use and climate change conditions. Nevertheless, this work demonstrated that, using data readily available for southern Québec aquifers, it is possible to build an integrated model that is representative of actual hydrological conditions. The maintenance and improvement of this model for long-term use is recommended.


Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is multimodal perioperative care designed to achieve enhanced postoperative outcomes. Unfortunately, all these elements are not always fully applied due to each center's limitations. In this study, the ERAS protocol was modified and implemented in patients with bladder cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC). This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the modified ERAS protocol in LRC surgery. Methods: The retrospective study design was used to evaluate 35 patients (27 males and 8 females) who underwent LRC with the application of the perioperative modified ERAS protocol. All information relating to perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative patient data was obtained from medical records. All complications that occurred were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.Results: The mean age in this study was 58.3 ± 9.2, and the most common pathological finding was urothelial carcinoma. Intraoperative blood loss was 318.5 ± 112.5 cc with those requiring intraoperative blood transfusion of 4.8 ± 2.0 patients. The mean first diet was 2.1 ± 1.2 days. For bowel activities, the first flatulence was 1.6 ± 0.8 days. The mean mobilization with first sitting was 1.8 ± 0.9 days. Seventeen percent of patients experienced intraoperative complications and postoperative complications were encountered in 28.6% of patients. According to the ClavienDindo classification, most complications were grades 1-2 (17.1%). There was no incidence of mortality in this study.Conclusions: These promising results, including the postoperative recovery and complications rates, require validation with multi-center and randomized studies to confirm the benefits of the modified ERAS protocol in minimally invasive procedures, especially LRC surgery


We argue that discourse plans must capture the intended causal and decompositional relations between communicative actions. We present a planning algorithm, DPOCL, that builds plan structures that properly capture these relations, and show how these structures are used to solve the problems that plagued previous discourse planners, and allow a system to participate effectively and flexibly in an ongoing dialogue.


This paper describes a study of personality traits and psychological symptoms in hypertensive patients and in subjects with unrecognized elevation of blood pressure. The findings suggest three things. Firstly, hypertensive patients who attended an out-patient clinic showed evidence of psychological disability. Secondly, undiagnosed hypertensives were not distinguished from normotensives according to a variety of questionnaire variables. Thirdly, the existence of a hypertensive personality profile described in great detail by some writers, was not confirmed.


A rendering device includes a temporary memory, plural rendering processors, and a rendering controller. The temporary memory stores one or more rendering instructions and rendered results therefor in association with each other. The plural rendering processors each perform rendering processing in accordance with a rendering instruction, store the one or more rendering instructions and rendered results in association with each other in the temporary memory, when one or more similar rendering instructions exist for pages for which rendering processing was consecutively performed, and read and use the rendered results, in a case where rendered results associated with one or more rendering instructions are stored in the temporary memory. The rendering controller controls assigning a given rendering instruction to a corresponding one of the rendering processors in accordance with a given page editing instruction and causing the corresponding one of the rendering processors to perform rendering processing.


Abstract : This project is presently in progress. Two cynomolgus macques (Macacca fascicularis) have undergone craniotomy and rigid fixation of the frontal bone and supraorbital bar of the skull. Ten were non-human primates have been in quarantine and will be released for surgery in Oct 92. The remainder of the non-human primates will be arriving intermittently and undergo quarantine prior to surgery. The initial two non-human primates underwent general anesthesia and surgery and presently are doing very well, gaining weight, and maturing appropriately.... Rigid skeletal fixation, Craniofacial skeleton, RA II, Bone, CIC3, Skeletal.


Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the most commonly prescribed dialysis modality in pediatrics. According to the 2007 North American Pediatric Renal Trials (NAPRTCS), 40% of children had to stop PD due to excessive infections, and infection was the cause of death in 21.3% of pediatric PD patients. Catheter contamination is a common cause of peritonitis in PD patients. Purpose: Identification of a standardized approach to treatment after catheter contamination may decrease infection rates and improve outcomes. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and CINHAL. Search terms included peritoneal dialysis catheter infection/ contamination/hole/leak. Benchmarking data were also collected from 20 institutions throughout the US via telephone survey. Results: The literature did not support an evidenced-based approach to treating PD catheters postcontamination. The majority of pediatric dialysis centers that were surveyed, in instances where fluid was not yet instilled, treat catheter touch contamination less than 5 seconds by soaking the PD cap in Alcavis. Contamination that occurred after fluid was infused or due to a hole/leak in the catheter is treated with intraperitoneal antibiotics for 72 hours or until culture results are available at most centers. The general consensus among all centers was that antibiotics should be used if contamination prior to instillation of PD fluid is even suspected. Conclusions: There is currently no evidence-based approach to treating peritoneal dialysis catheters postcontamination documented in the literature. The development and evaluation of a standardized peritoneal dialysis catheter contamination guideline is warranted to prevent variability in patient care. At our institution, a multidisciplinary team is in the process of developing such guidelines.


The effect analysis of the technology of molding products made of polymer composite materials (fiberglass) with stiffeners made of various materials on their resistance to operational factors has been carried out. The technologies of manufacturing fiberglass parts by vacuum infusion and manual contact molding with metal and composite stiffeners were considered. The influence of the technology of forming products with stiffeners made of various materials on their resistance to aggressive media is shown.


Simple Summary Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of allergic reactions and can be life-threatening. It is very difficult to study the mechanisms underlying anaphylaxis in humans since these events are rare and often lethal. Therefore, animal models have been established. Mice and rats are mostly used since their biological parameters, such as temperature drop, behavioral changes, and blood or cell biomarkers, can be easily measured in the laboratory. These animals can also be genetically modified to express human proteins and cell functions. Different animal models have been established to replicate as closely as possible the natural route of sensitization to the allergen and to trigger anaphylaxis in animals. These animal models have deepened our knowledge on human anaphylaxis with certain limitations, as discussed in this review. Abstract Allergies and atopy have emerged as significant public health concerns, with a progressively increasing incidence over the last two decades. Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of allergic reactions, characterized by a rapid onset and potentially fatal outcome, even in healthy individuals. Due to the unpredictable nature and potential lethality of anaphylaxis and the wide range of allergens involved, clinical studies in human patients have proven to be challenging. Diagnosis is further complicated by the lack of reliable laboratory biomarkers to confirm clinical suspicion. Thus, animal models have been developed to replicate human anaphylaxis and explore its pathophysiology. Whereas results obtained from animal models may not always be directly translatable to humans, they serve as a foundation for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Animal models are an essential tool for investigating new biomarkers that could be incorporated into the allergy workup for patients, as well as for the development of novel treatments. Two primary pathways have been described in animals and humans: classic, predominantly involving IgE and histamine, and alternative, reliant on IgG and the platelet-activating factor. This review will focus essentially on the former and aims to describe the most utilized IgE-mediated anaphylaxis animal models, including their respective advantages and limitations.


This datasheet on Apple dimple fruit viroid covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.


In 1990 the Human Fertilisation and Embryology (HFE) Act introduced an extensive legal framework for all research and treatment using human embryos in the UK. One short section of this Act placed on assisted conception services an obligation to assess 'the welfare of the child' (WOC) who may be born as a result of treatment pre-conception. This part of the HFE Act became the subject of research and debate in the subsequent years.


MeCP2 binds hydroxymethylated CA repeats Despites of decades of research on the Rett syndrome protein MeCP2, its function remains unclear. Ibrahim et al. show that MeCP2 is a hydroxymethylated cytosine-adenosine (CA) repeat-binding protein that modulates chromatin architecture at a distance from the transcription start site (see the Perspective by Zhou and Zoghbi). MeCP2 accumulates and spreads around modified CA repeats and competes for nucleosome occupancy. Loss of MeCP2 results in a widespread increase in nucleosome density inside lamina-associated domains and transcriptional dysregulation of genes enriched in CA repeats. These results shed light on the underlying molecular mechanism of Rett syndrome, a severe disease associated with mutations in MeCP2. Science, abd5581, this issue p. eabd5581; see also abj5027, p. 1390 The Rett syndrome protein MeCP2 is a DNA microsatellite CA repeat–binding protein that regulates chromatin architecture. INTRODUCTION Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that is mainly caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MeCP2). Initially, MeCP2 was identified as an essential brain protein that binds to methylated CpG (mCG) via its methyl-binding domain (MBD) and acts as transcriptional repressor. However, during early brain development, the postnatal accumulation of MeCP2 parallels the genome-wide high-level accumulation of hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) and methylated CpA (mCA), suggesting that MeCP2 may also recognize and bind to DNA sequences that contain these modified nucleotides. The ability of MeCP2 to recognize both mCA and hmC as well as mCG has led to conflicting conclusions regarding its function in transcriptional regulation, because these cytosine modifications are associated with either repression (mCA and mCG) or activation (hmC) of transcription. The unambiguous identification of the MeCP2 target sequence(s) would help to clarify this issue. RATIONALE CA repeats (CAn) represent ~1% of the mouse genome and belong to the microsatellite family. They are widely distributed throughout the genome and have been shown to affect transcription of nearby genes. Our recent data reveal that CAn are methylated (mCAn) or hydroxymethylated (hmCAn) in various cell types. In a search for proteins that could specifically recognize and bind these CA repeats, we identified MeCP2 as a specific reader of CA repeats. We hypothesized that the methylation status of CAn is essential for the recognition and binding of MeCP2, possibly through recognition of the modified nucleotides in CA repeats with distinct affinities, relevant for its neuronal function in transcriptional regulation. RESULTS Here we show that within the MBD family, MeCP2 is the only protein that specifically recognizes and binds to CA repeats, with much stronger affinity than mCG and mCA. MeCP2 selectively recognizes CA repeat DNA in a strand-specific manner and requires at least five consecutive CA dinucleotides to optimally bind DNA. While MeCP2 can bind in vitro to modified and nonmodified CA repeats, it exhibits impressive selectivity toward hydroxymethylated CA repeats, which are modified by DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A. The modified cytosine, only when located within a CA repeat, serves as a nucleation point for both MeCP2 accumulation and spreading around the repeat, which, in turn, correlates with nucleosome exclusion. In addition, loss of MeCP2 results in widespread increase in nucleosome density within lamina-associated domains (LADs) and transcriptional dysregulation of CA repeat–enriched genes located outside LADs. We have also dissected the molecular basis of the MeCP2 hydroxymethylated CA repeat recognition by solving the crystal structure of MeCP2 in complex with hmCAn. The CA repeat creates a well-defined DNA shape, with a considerably modified geometry, including a widened major groove and negative roll parameters, located precisely at the modification site. We show that the molecular recognition of the hydroxymethylated CA repeat specifically occurs through Arg133, a key MeCP2 residue whose mutation causes Rett syndrome. CONCLUSION Our work identifies MeCP2 as a hydroxymethylated CA repeat DNA binding protein that targets the 5hmC-CA-rich sequence, which are specifically located on one strand. Our data provide insights into the origin of Rett syndrome at the molecular level and suggest that this neurodevelopmental disorder could be viewed as a chromatin disease, originating from the inability of mutant MeCP2 to bind and protect the CA repeats from nucleosome invasion. Our results open a previously unexplored area of research focused on understanding the role of specific protein binding to microsatellites and other repeats in neurological diseases of unknown etiology. The Rett syndrome protein MeCP2 is a microsatellite CA repeat binding protein regulating chromatin architecture. MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that specifically recognizes hydroxymethylated CA repeats. Depletion of MeCP2 alters the chromatin organization of CA repeats and LADs and results in nucleosome accumulation on CA repeats and genome-wide transcriptional dysregulation. WT, wild-type; KO, knockout. The Rett syndrome protein MeCP2 was described as a methyl-CpG-binding protein, but its exact function remains unknown. Here we show that mouse MeCP2 is a microsatellite binding protein that specifically recognizes hydroxymethylated CA repeats. Depletion of MeCP2 alters chromatin organization of CA repeats and lamina-associated domains and results in nucleosome accumulation on CA repeats and genome-wide transcriptional dysregulation. The structure of MeCP2 in complex with a hydroxymethylated CA repeat reveals a characteristic DNA shape, with considerably modified geometry at the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, which is recognized specifically by Arg133, a key residue whose mutation causes Rett syndrome. Our work identifies MeCP2 as a microsatellite DNA binding protein that targets the 5hmC-modified CA-rich strand and maintains genome regions nucleosome-free, suggesting a role for MeCP2 dysfunction in Rett syndrome.


OBJECTIVE
Most of the surface epithelial-stromal tumors of the ovary are thought to arise from epithelial inclusion cysts, thus these cysts, and the original surface epithelium, are precursor lesions of ovarian carcinoma.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The histological features in contralateral ovary from 20 patients with unilateral ovarian carcinoma were compared with 20 ovaries of patients without ovarian pathology and with 12 normal ovaries of women with contralateral benign ovarian pathology.

RESULTS
Cortical invaginations were more frequent and numerous in ovaries of patients with contralateral ovarian carcinoma. The presence of cortical invaginations and epithelial inclusion cysts showed correlation in patients with cancer and in those without ovarian pathology, but there were no differences in the number of inclusion cysts when the three groups were compared. Mild cytological atypia was detected more frequently in the surface epithelium of contralateral ovaries of patients with ovarian carcinoma. Ovarian size, cortical thickness, stromal hyperplasia, psammoma bodies, and surface papillae did not show differences when comparing patients with cancer and control groups.

CONCLUSION
Cortical invaginations, a previous step in the formation of epithelial inclusion cysts, can also play an important role in the genesis of ovarian carcinoma.


Chaos-based image encryption systems have drawn the attention of researchers in the data security field tremendously over the past few years. In this paper, an image encryption system based on generalized Double-Humped logistic map is designed and implemented on Virtex-5 FPGA platform. Due to the high sensitivity of chaotic functions, floating-point data representation is adopted to achieve high precision and accuracy of results compared to system simulations. The proposed hard-ware design of the encryption system fits the simulation results exactly, and validated with practical implementation, achieving clock frequency of 350 MHz.


Presents a brief overview of work on testing currently being carried out under the Alvey CAD042 research initiative at Oxford University. A test methodology is being evolved to exploit the hierarchical properties of circuit designs when generating test patterns. The goal of the research is to define a method by which pre-computed test vectors for modules may be combined to form a complete test set for the circuit as a whole. The work is in an early stage of development but initial results, with circuit examples provided by industrial partners in the CAD042 group, have been promising.


The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS) has condemned the marketing of procedures such as breast augmentation and rhinoplasty via the discount website Groupon.


Model euroregiona in Bosnia and Herzegovina The paper presents possibility of implementation model eurergiona in division of the Bosnia and Herzegovina. The pepper is the result of a project whose main objective research possibility from implementation model euroregion in Bosnia and Herzegovina with cost-benefit and SWOT analysis this model. Aim is establishing territorial units which are receiving support or which have possibility to receive support funds EC in the present and in the future. The contents of the paper are: what is euroregion, the criteria on the basis euro region, visibility of the euroregion, institutions of the euroregion, network of euroregions, common classification of territorial units for statistics – NUTS, the statistical basis and indicators of development euroregion, cost-benefit and SWOT analysis establishing euroregion in country like Bosnia and Herzegovina, comaparation this model with present regionalisation in B&H, model regionalisation in Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Serbia and Montenegro, and other relevant aspects.


The Symposium on radiolabeling of stored platelet concentrates, held in May 1984 in Washington, DC, was convened to review the current literature and to develop "base documents" detailing recommended protocols for radiolabeling stored platelet concentrates with either "' Indium or 5'Chromium. Recommendations for statistical analysis of in vivo recovery and survival data were outlined as well. This issue of Transfusion contains a compilation of the papers presented at the Symposium. Each author addresses a different aspect of the radiolabeling issue. Methodology is addressed by Drs. Moroff, Simon, Snyder, Slichter, Ezekowitz. Heaton, and Kelton. Data on the appropriate mathematical models for analysis of in vivo recovery and survival are discussed by Drs. E. Murphy, S. Murphy, and R. Bolin. Dr. Rock discusses donor factors involved in platelet radiolabeling, and Dr. Fratantoni presents a regulatory prospective. Finally, although not part of the Symposium, a consensus document on standard procedures is included because its recommendations are based on the conference. The thrombokinetics of platelets stored in concentrates are of great interest to many blood bankers. The Committee hopes that this Symposium will inform our colleagues about the current state of radiolabeling and provide the justification for developing standard methods for radiolabeling stored platelet concentrates-E.L. Snyder, G. Moroff, and T. Simon


Service users can feel powerlessness in ward rounds. A survey of staff and service user views about how ward rounds could be improved was conducted, involving users in design and data collection. Recommendations are made for greater user participation.


After oral ingestion of 400 mg Mefexamidehydrochloride for Mefexamide (I) and its main degradation product Desmethyl-Mefexamide (II) the following pharmakokinetic parameters have been determined: 1. Elimination of I and II follows 1st order kinetics. 2. Biological half-life t 1/2 for I is 4-6, for II 4.5-6.5 H. 3. Elimination rate constant for I and II is between 0.10 to 0.20 h-1. 4. 5-10% of the administered drug are excreted unchanged, 10-16% as Desmethyl-Mefexamide within 72 h after ingestion. 5. The described thinlayer chromatographic and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric methods allow detection of I and II for at least 72 h after application. 6. II is excreted free and conjugated in nearly equal amounts.


Simple Summary We investigated survival outcomes following first-line chemotherapy before and after approval of bevacizumab for ovarian cancer in Japan to evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab for advanced clear cell carcinoma. We investigated 28 consecutive patients diagnosed with clear cell carcinoma (stages III/IV) at our hospital between 2008 and 2018. Bevacizumab was administered for treatment after approval in Japan in November 2013. Progression-free survival was compared between 10 patients treated before bevacizumab approval (2008–2013,) and 18 patients treated after Bev approval (2014–2018) for first-line chemotherapy. The median progression-free survival increased from 12.0 months before bevacizumab approval to 29.8 months after bevacizumab approval (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.026). Multivariate analysis showed that performance status (p = 0.049), bevacizumab administration (p = 0.023) and completeness of resection (p = 0.023) were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival. Bevacizumab incorporated into first-line chemotherapy might improve progression-free survival in patients with advanced clear cell carcinoma. Abstract (1) Background: We investigated survival outcomes following first-line chemotherapy before and after approval of bevacizumab (Bev) for ovarian cancer in Japan to evaluate the efficacy of Bev for advanced clear cell carcinoma (CCC). (2) Methods: We investigated 28 consecutive patients diagnosed with CCC (stages III/IV) at our hospital between 2008 and 2018. Bev was administered for treatment of advanced CCC after approval in Japan in November 2013. Progression-free survival (PFS) was compared between 10 patients treated before Bev approval (2008–2013, Bev- group) and 18 patients treated after Bev approval (2014–2018, Bev+ group) for first-line chemotherapy. (3) Results: No intergroup difference was observed in patient characteristics. The rate of completeness of resection was higher in the Bev − group (9/10, 90%) than in the Bev+ group (15/18, 83%) (p = 0.044). Eleven (61%) patients in the Bev + group received ≥ 21 cycles of Bev. The median PFS increased from 12.0 months before Bev approval to 29.8 months after Bev approval (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.026). Multivariate analysis showed that performance status (p = 0.049), Bev administration (p = 0.023) and completeness of resection (p = 0.023) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. (4) Conclusions: Bev incorporated into first-line chemotherapy might improve PFS in patients with advanced CCC. We hope that our findings will be confirmed in adequate clinical trials.


By 1848 all peaceful means of giving Ireland an equal place within the British Empire seemed exhausted and William Smith O'Brien found himself a reluctant revolutionary leader. An aristocratic Protestant landlord, O'Brien nevertheless commanded unrivalled respect amongst all Irish classes. Disillusioned by parliament, dismayed at Ireland's imminent disintegration during the Great Famine, and pressured by Young Irelanders of the Irish confederation, O'Brien strove to reunite with fellow-nationalists loyal to the memory of Daniel O'Connell. This biography of O'Brien provides a detailed picture of his private nature and public personality. Richard Davis provides an in-depth analysis of O'Brien's long and varied political career and argues that O'Brien was a far more consistent political thinker and active nationalist than previously believed.


A kinetic model was developed describing the effects of hydrophobic partitioning to humics on second-order humic-mediated photoreactions in aqueous solution. Model development and evaluation were in terms of the humic-mediated dechlorination of the hydrophobic chlorocarbon, mirex. Mirex dechlorination in irradiated (λ ≥ 290 nm) Aldrich humic acid (HA) solution was examined as a function of humic acid and scavenger concentration. Kinetic models in which HA solution is described as a homogeneous or single-phase solution were not able to describe the effects of HA and scavenger concentrations on mirex dechlorination rates. However, these effects were successfully described by including partitioning in the models to characterize the bound phase and dissolved phase mirex reactions separately. The resulting model uses homogeneous phase kinetics to describe reaction in the dissolved phase. Bound phase reaction is described as occurring within individual HA molecules with the distribution of scavengers within HA ...


The EMF's of standard cells are now being transferred between laboratories over a 1?-km cable with a precision of 4 parts in 108 to provide an instantaneous comparison of the 2e/h and ?p? experiments being carried out at the two facilities. This is accomplished by transferring a constant current that produces a 1-V drop across standard resistors located at both ends of the cable.


Take-all of wheat is caused by a soil-borne fungus (Gaeumannomvces gramlnls var.trltld), which attacks the roots and develops in patches, It is one of the most cammon wheat diseases, notably affecting second and third crops of wheat, leading to major yield losses. Its development depends on numerous factors linked to crop sequences, cultivation techniques, climate and soil type. So far, growers have limited options to prevent the severity of damage caused by take-all to winter wheat crops. Chemical control methods exist, based on the treatment of seeds but have partial efficacy only. Some cultivation techniques are known to reduce take-all incidence and severity and limit its impact on yield but none of them constitutes an efficient method of control on itself. To achieve economically Significant control of this disease, there is thus a need for combining appropriate techniques (cropping practices, fungicide treatment), although with partial efficacy, but showing complementary effects in order to achieve efficient management strategies. Up to now, no decision making tool has been developed to define such management strategy leading to integrated control of take-all of wheat. INRA scientists have used a database containing information from 2S experiments where 2 to 24 cropping systems were tested between 1992 and 2003, to develop 16 models which could predict the incidence of the disease as a function of variables related to the cropping system, soil and climate. They finally chose only three of these models for practical use. These models were combined with a yield simulation module calculating yield loss as a function of the incidence of take-all of wheat. The full models were then used to illustrate a series of applications aimed at answering practical questions which would be of interest to technical institutes and crop protection advisors, such as: the planning of fungicide treatments, comparison of the impact of different crop sequences or crop management on Incidence of the disease and yield losses. These models simulate the dynamics of the disease at the field scale and enable identification of the combinations of farming practices which could limit the effects of take-all, even in a situation favourable to the disease. In order to render the crop less vulnerable to disease and only use chemical control when absolutely necessary


An antenna positioning system 10 or method comprises an antenna support system allowing an antenna movement relative to a platform. The system 10 includes means 24 to move the antenna 16, such as stepper motor, hydraulic or pneumatic drive arrangements. The system 10 also includes processing means 12 which is used to control the said movement means 24 in accordance with stored data relating to antenna positions 18 and line-of-sight obstructions 14, so as to improve the performance of the antenna 16. The movement means 24 may operate in a linear or orbital manner to change the position of the antenna 16 and thereby reduce at least some of the influence of line-of-sight obstructions. Methods for creating and using a line-of-sight blockage database 14, such as a decision tree to select an optimum antenna position, are also disclosed. The system 10 may also take other factors into consideration during the repositioning of an antenna 16.


Resonator rings can increase the thermoacoustic stability of rocket thrust chambers. This work investigates the impact of enhanced heat transfer, as observed under unstable combustion, on the damping characteristics of resonators. The linear thermoacoustic stability of a thrust chamber with resonator ring is predicted using a low-order network method that can handle three-dimensional acoustic modes. The mechanisms responsible for heat transfer enhancement in pulsating flow are studied using analytical and numerical approaches.


The use of preferential etching and atomic force microscopy to measure refractive index profiles of optical fibers is investigated. Both the etch rate and the position of lateral features are shown to be independent of etch time. An elliptical core fiber was studied and the resultant profile was found to be in qualitative agreement with the preform index profile. It is shown, however, that the ellipticity of the core has changed during the drawing process. The method was extended to fluorine and germanium doped planar waveguides and the results correlated with the fabrication process.


The use of laser ignition for advanced gas engines may provide benefits including extension of the lean limit and higher efficiency operation at elevated pressures. This contribution provides a short review of efforts to develop a practical laser ignition system for advanced multicylinder gas engines. The approach is to use a single laser source with fiber optic cables delivering the high power pulses from the source to the engine cylinders. The optical requirements for the fiber delivery lead us to use coated hollow core optical fibers. Characterizations and results of spark delivery tests for the fibers are presented. Single-cylinder engine test results using fiber delivered laser ignition are summarized. For multicylinder operation, a multiplexer based on a moving mirror is used to route the laser output pulses to different fiber channels (cylinders). Benchtop testing and initial engine testing of the multiplexed system are presented.


ABSTRACT The temperature rise of a PV panel during its functioning is known to induce losses of its performances. We propose to minimise these losses via a simple and autonomous air cooling system composed by a fan activated by the electricity produced by the panel. This fan blows ambient air on the rear face of the panel. Experimental measurements of the current intensity as well as voltage delivered by the panel and its front face temperature ensure the validation of the numerical code. Numerical and experimental results are in good agreement. As the main results of this autonomous cooling, when compared to the uncooled panel situation, the efficiency for harsh climatic condition increases of 29.52% while the panel temperature lowered of 39.29°C. Such results achieved with this quite simple autonomous cooling system on the improvement of the PV panel efficiency suggest interesting economic and commercial arguments.


Autonomous laser flight system, consisting of a well-differentiated ground equipment (ST) and aerial equipment (SA); said terrestrial equipment (ST) provided with means to feed the aerial equipment (SA) in addition to communicating with it in a completely wireless manner, transmitting with laser (L) the necessary power and information; and said aerial equipment (SA) provided with means to collect the data and energy of the ground equipment (ST), and send experimental data to the ground equipment (ST).


: In order to solve the problem of the poor machining quality of the leading and trailing edge surface of the aero engine blade, a tool orientation optimization method based on the kinematics constraints of the machine tool in multi-axis machining with a ball-end cutter is presented. A relation equation between the design variables of tool position and cutter location (CL) data is established, and a coordinate transformation equation between CL data and rotary axes of the machine tool is established. From the above two equations, a relation equation between the design variables of tool position and rotary axes of the machine tool is derived. Through solving the above relation equation, formulas for calculating tool position and tool orientation during the machining of sculptured surfaces with a ball-end cutter are derived. On this basis, a tool orientation optimization method and a tool path generation method for multi-axis machining with a ball-end cutter is presented. Besides, analyze the influence of the proposed method and Sturz method on rotary axes of the machine tool. Tool paths of the leading edge surface of an aero engine blade are generated by the proposed method and the Sturz method, respectively, and cutting trials are carried out on a five-axis machine tool. Experimental results show that the proposed method can avoid abrupt change of rotary axes of the machine tool and make the movement of machine axes more stable and smoother, and further obtain better machining quality and higher machining efficiency. Consequently, the proposed method will have important practical value.


The FAIR project is aiming for highest heavy ion beam intensities of U beams. Intermediate charge state ions are exposed to a high probability of charge exchange due to interactions with residual gas particles. Ions which under went a charge exchange deviate strongly from the magnetic rigidity of the reference ion and hit the vacuum chamber after dispersive elements, where in turn an energy-dependent strong gas desorption takes place. The pressure rise in the accelerator, driven by the desorption processes is dependent on the intensity of the ion beam and is referred to as dynamic vacuum. So far, StrahlSim used a model which assumes that the beam loss due to ionization depends only on the average pressure inside the machine. In the last year, the StrahlSim code was modified to account for the real distance of the desorbed gas from the pump, and thereby the real conductance and pumping speed. These parameters are especially interesting in systems which provide either very high local ized pumping speeds (e.g. NEG coated vacuum chambers) or which show localized gas desorption. In order to simulate these local effects, a time and space resolved pressure profile must be accounted.


BACKGROUND
Nasal hyperkeratosis may cause discomfort in dogs by predisposing them to fissures and secondary bacterial infection. Approaches to treatment have been described anecdotally; the effectiveness of such therapies remains unproven.

HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To investigate the efficacy of a balm containing essential oils and essential fatty acids in dogs with idiopathic nasal hyperkeratosis.

ANIMALS
Client-owned dogs with noncomplicated nasal hyperkeratosis.

METHODS
The study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel group design and two month follow-up period. Dogs received daily topical application of a commercial balm product (group DBB) or placebo (aqueous gelling agent with preservatives, group PB). The main outcome variables were lichenification, dryness, suppleness and extent of lesions. Subjective owner satisfaction index score was a secondary variable. Evaluation was performed on days (D)0, 30 and 60. Response to treatment was assessed as the change from baseline to each examination day for each criterion.

RESULTS
Forty eight dogs, principally French (26 of 48) and English (seven of 48) bulldogs, were included and 39 completed the study. No major adverse events were reported. On D60, changes from baseline for lichenification, lesion extent, suppleness and total score were -31.2%, -18.3%, -72.8% and -36.8% in group DBB (23 dogs) and -11.9%, 2.3%, -42.1% and -14% in group PB (16 dogs), respectively. The total score was significantly improved on D60 in group DBB compared to PB (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0.0016).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
The balm proved safe and helpful in managing canine idiopathic noncomplicated nasal hyperkeratosis.


In today's world, the scientist and engineer need to stand as intelligent, liberally educated men regarding knowledge as a particularized competence which, in their general wisdom, can be shared with the rest of society.


The literature reading and writing abilities of students can be developed by bilingual teaching.Presently,there exist such problems as the unclear idea of the curriculum setup,the insufficient popularization of teaching methods and means,and the randomness in the selection of textbooks.For the engineering specialties in universities,the setup of bilingual teaching curriculum needs carrying out according to the integrated request of the professional development program,and the selected curriculums should be connected with student's employment;In the bilingual teaching,the textbooks which are chosen must be able to manifest the student's specialized knowledge and the development of their foreign language application ability,and researches should be strengthened on such problems as the bilingual textbook construction and the reasonable use.


Abstract The interactions between the fungicide tebuconazole and human serum albumin were investigated using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence quenching of the protein by the tebuconazole molecule was a result of the formation of a ligand-protein complex with a binding constant of 8.51×103 l.mol−1 and the number of binding sites in the macromolecule was close to 1. These findings demonstrated the fact that although the binding affinity of tebuconazole to the protein may be slight, it was very similar to other triazole fungicides. In addition, tebuconazole stabilized the α-helical secondary structure of the human serum albumin due to the increase of the α-content in the protein macromolecule.


The electrocardiograms (ECG) of 41 cases with Duchenne muscular dys-trophy (DMD) were compared with that of 101 age-matched healthy chil-dren. There were significant differences in 24 iterms of ECG between the two groups. The ECG of 40 DMD patients were abnormal. The abnormal changes of ECG were mainly as follows: High R wave (R/S ratio1.0) in V_1 lead,the deep-narrow Q wave (time0.03 second, Q/R0.25 or Q0.4mV) in Ⅰ、aVL, Ⅱ、Ⅲ、 aVL,and V_(4-6) leads, the lengthen of Q-T interval, sinusal tachy-cardia and a small node of QRS wave peaks in majority leads. The deep-narrow Q wave, Q-T interval lengthen, and ST-T abnormal changes were often connected with abnormal cardiac function in DMD patients. It is pro-bable that the more the abnormal ECG iterms are, the worse the heart function is.
 The results suggested that abnormal high R wave in V_(1-2) leads and ab-normal deep-narrow Q wave in Ⅰ、aVL, Ⅱ、 Ⅲ、 aVL, V_(4-6) leads are two ECG characteristics of DMD, and they might be useful for diagnosing DMD in early stage. The abnormal electrocardiographic iterms also could be used to roughly estimate the heart function, so the regular examination of the ECG in patients might be very helpful to clinical treatment.


(1) IL-6 non-reactive, and / or (2) to a subject with multiple myeloma have a phase characterized by increased prevalence of multiple myeloma cells with CD45- phenotype, the method comprising administering a compound of the formula (Ib) a method of treating a subject comprising.


A Tracer-Encapsulated Solid Pellet (TESPEL) was developed for promoting an impurity transport study in a magnetically-confined plasma. One of the advantages of the TESPEL is that it can make a three-dimensionally localized impurity source in the plasma. This enables us to inject the tracer impurity inside or in the vicinity of the region of interest. Recently, a new-type TESPEL with a thinner outer shell has been developed in order to achieve a shallower deposition of the tracer impurity. With the TESPEL having the thinner shell, we have achieved about 4 cm shallower deposition of the tracer impurity, compared with the case of the conventional thick-shell type TESPEL with the same outer diameter of about 700 μm. Moreover, for the achievement of the further shallower deposition of the tracer impurity, we also developed the TESPEL with a tracer-impurity-doped thin shell. After the injection of the TESPEL with the tracer-impurity-doped thin shell, the line emissions from the highly-ionized doped impurity are clearly observed with a vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer, which clearly demonstrates its ability to carry the impurity as a new tool.


In this seat comprising a padding (17) having a seating surface and an edge region (21) surrounding? formed by a cubic body permeable to air located below the seating surface, and an edge portion (23) resting against the side surface (222) and filling the edge region (21), and a support (18) to cushion which extends above the body (22) of the padding and the edge portion (23), the body (22) is formed of a material consisting of a layer of non-woven air permeable and the edge portion (23) is formed of a polyurethane foam or a material having similar properties formed foamed and fixedly connected to the body (22) including .Use motor vehicle seats.


We study the vortex spatiotemporal optical solitons in graded-index kerr medium. We consider the propagation of a pulse in inhomogeneous dispersive nonlinear optical fibers and we investigate the possibility of forming bistable spatiotemporal vortex solitons. We solve the multidimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation by using a variational approach. The results show that vortex bistable spatiotemporal solitons can be stabilized under certain conditions.


Objective: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a slowly progressive, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease caused by virus infection in the central nervous system. Since there are a limited number of studies in the literature evaluating the cardiovascular functions of patients with SSPE, the present study evaluates the patients with SSPE using tissue Doppler echocardiography and compares them between the control group in order to shed some light on the subject. Methods: The study is a prospective observational study. 49 patients (17 female, 32 male) with SSPE were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: Stage 2 (n=29) and Stage 3 (n=20). Echocardiographic data were compared with a control group of 26 which is the same average age. All children underwent a detailed echocardiography, which contained an M-mode, pulse Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging. Results: Sinus tachycardia ( >100 beats/min in children) was detected in nineteen (38.7%) patients. There were not significant differences between parameters of systolic and diastolic function of the heart. Stage 2 group, EF: 69.9±6.4; SF: 39.2±5.58; and MPI (mitral): 0.38±0.03 and MPI (tricuspid): 0.39±0.10. And in the Stage 3 group, EF: 68.5±7.0, SF: 37.8±5.34, MPI (mitral): 0.37±0.09 and MPI (tricuspid): 0.38±0.12. In the control group EF:70.96±5.54; SF:39.96±5.05 and MPI(mitral): 0.35±0.06 MPI (tricuspid):0.36±0.04 and statistically meaningful differences were not found between patients and control groups (p >0.05). Conclusion: Cardiac functions may be preserved and cardiac functions constitute no significant risks of mortal ity in the advanced stages of patients with Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, which is a group of chronic and bedridden patients.


This study investigated the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) forces and supporting muscle forces displayed by knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients during stair ascent, and if these forces were influenced by the presence of pain. Fifteen knee OA patients partitioned into two groups based on pain experienced during stair ascent trails using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (OA‐pain = 10; OA‐no pain = 5) and 14 healthy aged‐matched controls took part in this study. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during three stair ascent trials, which provided the inputs for the musculoskeletal model FreeBody. TFJ contact forces and muscles forces were predicted by the model at early, mid‐ and late stance. These variables were compared between groups using a one‐way analysis of variance. The results show the OA‐pain (P < .05; d = 2.4) and OA‐no pain (P < .05; d = 1.1) groups displayed reduced medial TFJ contact forces and altered muscle forces in comparison to healthy controls during early stance. This suggests pain and the anticipation of pain results in knee OA patients deliberately offloading the front limb during stair ascent, which alters supporting muscle forces. This study provides valuable information on knee OA mechanics during stair ascent for clinicians developing rehabilitation programs.


A digital heat sublimation transfer printing paper for elastic fabrics consists of a back coating, base paper and a viscous heat sublimation coating from bottom to top. The viscous heat sublimation coating is composed of a water-soluble mixed adhesive layer and a polyvinyl alcohol coating, and the water-soluble mixed adhesive layer is positioned between the base paper and the polyvinyl alcohol coating. The transfer printing paper can be used for better heat sublimation transfer printing on elastic fabrics and has high transfer rate and stability.


The road effect on small rodent population is investigated at 8 fragmented forest areas in the Baekdudaegan moun-tain range, South Korea in September 2001, We especially focused on the distribution and body condition of small rodents near the roads, Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) seems to be more sensitive to the existence of a road than striped field mouse (Apodemus agradus), Korean field mouse prefers interior forest area to around road. Striped field mouse is a habitat generalist and has wide distributional range around road, but Korean field mouse is forest-inhabiting species and their distribu-tion is limited in forest area. These results suggest the effect of road is different on each small rodent species and their habitat preferences.


Palatal rugae patterns are thought to remain unchanged from the beginning of formation until the death of the individual, and as unique as fingerprints. This study aimed to compare palatal rugae between ethnic Javanese and non-Javanese in Indonesia. The study sample consisted of maxillary casts from 47 Javanese and 53 non-Javanese subjects. The patterns of palatal rugae were recorded based on the Thomas and Kotze classification. In the results, the only variable with indicated significant difference between the sample populations was observed in the lower frequency of circular shape rugae for the non-Javanese group. The value of this frequency as a population-level indicator is reduced by the relative rarity of this rugae shape.


The effect of adding zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), at levels from zero to the adult female RDA (15 mg for Zn, 300 mg for Mg and 800 mg for Ca), on the iron binding capacity of lignin was investigated. When Zn, Mg or Ca was added, at a concentration equivalent to the RDA, to a lignin sample containing 9 mg iron, there was an increase in percent soluble iron of 12.01%, 21.42% and 22.37%, respectively. However, when the same levels of Zn, Mg or Ca were added to lignin prior to the addition of Fe, there was a greater increase in soluble Fe of 21.12%, 28.75%, and 33.47% respectively. Such interactions have the potential to effect mineral absorption in fortified foods.


A strict quantum mechanical formulation of Van Vleck's concept of Reversed Angular Momentum is given. This generalization leads to a method suitable for the calculation of the matrix elements of all kinds of tensor operators in molecular physics. Applications and examples are described for the diatomic case. Various interactions—in the non-rotating or in the rotating molecule—are studied, and some intensity factors are derived in an original way. In all cases, the simplicity, generality, rapidity, and consistency of the method are tested and, where relevant, compared with other techniques.


Analysis of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressurization based upon Experiments and Numerical Simulations / von Carina Ludwig

Focus of this study is the pressurization system of a cryogenic liquid propellant tank for the launcher application. Objective of the pressurization system is to provide the required pressure evolution in the propellant tank for a proper operation of the engine. The motivation of this study is an improved understanding of the complex fluid-dynamic and thermodynamic phenomena during the active-pressurization process of cryogenic propellants in order to optimize the on-board pressurant gas mass. Therefore ground experiments, numerical simulations and analytical considerations were performed for the investigation of the initial active-pressurization phase. For the performed experiments, liquid nitrogen was used as cryogenic model propellant, which was actively pressurized under normal gravity conditions up to different final tank pressures. As pressurant gases, gaseous nitrogen and gaseous helium were used with different inlet temperatures. For the numerical analyses the commercial CFD program Flow-3D, a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation solver, was used.


Protein entrapment within ultrathin polymer matrices is of significant interest for applications in biosensing, drug delivery, and bioconversion; however, it remains a big challenge due to insufficient control over protein distribution inside the matrices. We report on nanostructured protein-polyelectrolyte (PE) films obtained through localized incorporation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) within poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) matrices assembled via the spin-assisted layer-by-layer method. Film compositional and structural analyses were performed by using a combination of techniques such as neutron and X-ray reflectometry, circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), spectroscopic ellipsometry, and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). By using deuterated GFP as a marker for neutron scattering contrast we have inferred the architecture of the films both in vertical and lateral directions. We found that films assembled with a single GFP layer confined at various distances from the substrate exhibit a strong localization of the GFP layer without intermixing into the PE matrix. The GFP volume fraction approached the maximum value of a monolayer packing density of randomly oriented GFP molecules. However, partial intermixing of the GFP with polymeric material is evidenced in multiple-GFP layer films which showed alternating protein-rich and protein-deficient regions. Our results yield new insights into the organization of immobilized proteins within polyelectrolyte matrices and open opportunities for fabrication of protein-containing films with well-organized structure and controllable function, a crucial requirement for advanced sensing applications.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and the most well known biofilm-forming bacteria attached one surfaces of foods or food contact. It is caused enfections and majority of theese are commonly associated with nosocomial infection and infection in immunocompromised hosts. Infections with it is difficult to eradicate, due to their high levels of antibiotic resistance and growth in biofilms. To facilitate the establishment of infection, it produces an impressive array of virulens factors and many of these under the controlle of Quorum sensing (QS) regulatory sytstems. QS, bacterial cells send a signal molecules called autoinduser to the next other bacterial cells for the biofilm formation, and the bacteria make contact with each other by the way for the stimulate and interaction the other bacteria. For this reason, extracellular signals and QS regulation system is very important for present of biofilm, and it has been considered an attractive target for the devolopment of new treatment strategies. QS regulation in the P. aeruginosa is controlled by at least two pairs of gene (LasI-RhII), coded N-acylated homoserine lactones. These systems regulate the virulens factors such as elastase, alkaline phosphatase, hydrogen syanid, exotoxin A, catalase, rhamnolipid, pyosiyanine, acylated homoserin lactones and superoksit dismutase producton so on. The third gen couple helped to regulating QS is PQS-MvfR. The expression of PQS depends on LasR, and Rh1R gene is increasing in the expression.