D.V. SINGH. A.K. TRIPATHI AND H.D. KUMAR. 1991. Sodium chloride, up to 20 mmol/l concentration, had a positive effect on acetylene reducing activity and photosynthetic oxygen evolution of a paddy field cyanobacterium, Anabaena doliolum. Beyond 20 mmol/l level of salinity adverse effects appeared. A mutant resistant to 200 mmol/l NaCl was isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. The mutant, NaCl-R200, showed about 20–25% more nitrogenase activity and photosynthetic oxygen evolution than the parent. Better capacity of nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis possibly could help the mutant in synthesis of osmotic stabilizer to resist the salinity stress.


BACKGROUND/AIM
Project HOPE (High-tech Omics-based Patient Evaluation) began in 2014 using integrated gene expression profiling (GEP) of cancer tissues as well as diathesis of each patient who underwent operation at our Institution. The aim of this study was to identify novel genes displaying altered gene expression related to the survival and early recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the results of integrated GEP analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study included 92 patients. Genes with aberrant expression were selected by the difference of expression levels with ≥10-fold change between tumor and non-tumor tissues.

RESULTS
GEP analysis showed that down-regulation was frequently observed in the PRSS8 (64%), CYP3A4 (61%) and EPCAM (57%) genes. Multivariate analysis revealed tumor stage ≥II (p=0.008) and down-regulation of the CYP3A4 gene (p=0.036) as independent predictor for overall survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified maximum tumor diameter ≥74mm (p=0.008), presence of intrahepatic-metastasis (p=0.020), and down-regulation of CYP3A4 gene (p=0.019) as independent predictors for early recurrence.

CONCLUSION
CYP3A4 was identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene related to a poor prognosis in HCC.


This paper describes one of a series of investiga tions to determine the effect of psychological handicap on productivity and occupational adjust ment. Two independent groups of apparently healthy conveyor assembly workers were studied. Each member of the group was examined medically and psychologically and these findings were con sidered in relation to the productivity and absen teeism of the two groups. The Groups


In the reverse link of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)/space division multiple access (SDMA) systems, each receive antenna of a base station receives a multiplexed version of signals transmitted from users, where the transmitted signals have individual amounts of frequency offset. Therefore, a frequency offset compensation scheme which is different from those used in general OFDM systems is required. For this requirement, frequency offset compensation schemes using the feedback transmission from the base station to user terminals have been proposed for multiuser OFDM systems. These schemes work with good precision when the feedback information is correct and is transmitted without errors. However, when the offset information is incorrectly received at user terminals, the frequency offset is not accurately compensated for. In OFDM/SDMA systems, one user is enough for causing inter-carrier interference to all users. Therefore, a frequency offset compensation scheme without feedback transmission is sometimes preferable. In this paper, we propose a frequency offset compensation scheme without feedback transmission. To compensate for frequency offset in every transmitted signal, the multiplexed received signals must be separated into each user's component before the offset compensation. Thus, we adopt the principle of the parallel interference cancellation (PIC). By employing PIC, the received signals can be separated before the offset compensation. Thus, the frequency offset of every user's signal can be compensated for. Simulation results show the bit error rate performance of the proposed scheme attains almost the same as that of the conventional scheme using the feedback transmission without errors.


Results of cluster analyses of Moscow Oblast cities, based on (a) the relative shares of departmental, city soviet, and private ownership of the housing stock and (b) per capita levels of living space and availability of modern conveniences in housing, are compared in order to test the hypothesis that "departmentalism" inhibits the development of an adequate housing infrastructure. A typology of Moscow Oblast cities is then developed according to availability of living space and modern conveniences, which provides the basis for planning recommendations designed to reduce migration pressures directed inward toward the center of the oblast and Moscow itself (translated by H. L. Haslett, Birmingham, UK).


As with other sectors of the world economy, the citrus farming industry has being consolidating itself over the course of time. This type of concentration is also witnessed in other sectors of Brazilian agribusiness, such as beef and pork products, pulp and paper, sugarcane and chicken, among others. This tendency is also present in the banking, automobile, mining and retail sectors.


In order to evaluate the impacts of the comprehensive treatment project on the lake water quality,the effect of the comprehensive treatment project in the Wuli Bay of the Taihu Lake on the water quality was analyzed using the ten years of monitoring data from the Taihu Lake ecosystem research station.The results show that after the comprehensive treatment,the mass concentrations of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),and chlorophyll a(Chl-a) decrease significantly(P0.01),from 6.06 mg/L,0.183 mg/L,and 0.060 mg/L to 3.48 mg/L,0.133 mg/L,and 0.024 mg/L,respectively.However,there were no obvious improvement in transparency and suspended solid content.The water quality improvement in the zone of transforming fishing to lake and rivers entering the lake was more effective than that in the east exit near the city zone.The nutrient content in the rivers around the WuliBay is significantly higher than that in the lake.It is also high in the sediment,which causes a threat to lake ecological restoration.The nutrient content in the Wuli Bay is higher than that in other lakes.The comprehensive treatment in the Wuli Bay improves the water pollution to a great extent.But it is necessary to implement the depth control of water ecosystem for high transparency,including comprehensive treatment of the rivers around the lake and restoration of submerged vegetation in the lake.


Objective To optimize the allocation scheme of military medical equipments based on the characteristics of modern war and the progression of the military medical equipment of People's Liberation Army(PLA).Methods Aiming to optimize the allocation of military medical equipment,we designed the integrated framework of the allocation system and analyzed the need of optimized allocation.Using the linear programming and queuing theory,we established the optimized allocation models for both medical treatment equipments and evacuation equipments.Results Based on the health service characteristics of military medical equipments,the optimized allocation models for medical treatment equipments and evacuation equipments were successfully established.The application of the established models was studied in the medical service station of the division level.Conclusion The optimized allocation scheme of military medical equipment has been proposed in the present study,which provides evidence for decision-making on the future development of military medical equipments of PLA.


In the automotive industry, the increasing environmental awareness is reflected through consistent lightweight construction. Especially, the use of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic plays an increasingly important role. Accordingly, to the material substitution, the demand for adequate joining technologies is growing. Therefore, laser transmission welding using filler material provides a way to combine two opaque joining partners by using the process specific advantages of the laser transmission welding process. After introducing the new joining technology and the applied experimental setup, this paper will investigate the process itself and the conditions for a stable process. Fundamental studies of the absorption characteristics of the applied carbon reinforced thermoplastic and the heat distribution within the surface due to laser impact are performed. To analyze the resulting weld seam quality and to investigate the influence on the process parameters and the welding process itself, lap shear test...


Family caregivers are regarded as backbones of the health care system. This descriptive-analytic research was carried out on a randomized sample of 125 family caregiver in Zahedan Mental Health Center. The data was collected using the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI; Zarit, Todd, and Zarit, 1986). 73.6% of family caregivers in this study experienced a moderate to severe level of burden. The study concludes that, professional interventions should be offered especially to those caregivers of patients with mental disorders who experienced moderate to severe level of burden.


Introduction Inhibition of CETP activity with anacetrapib has been associated with a significant reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C) levels both as a monotherapy and in combination with a statin. We recently reported that this reduction in LDL-C is due to a significant increase in the fractional clearance rate (FCR) of LDL apoB. One potential mechanism by which anacetrapib could influence LDL apoB clearance is through effects on PCSK9 metabolism. We conducted kinetic studies on PCSK9 to determine if a change in the metabolism of PCSK9 is responsible for the reduction in LDL-C levels following treatment with anacetrapib. Methods Moderately hyperlipidemic volunteers (n=39) were enrolled in a fixed-sequence study: 75% were on atorvastatin (20mg/day) plus placebo and 25% were on double placebo for four weeks. Following this baseline period subjects added anacetrapib (100 mg/day) to their background treatment for 8 weeks. Studies using D3 leucine tracer were performed at the end of each treatment period to determine the kinetics PCSK9. Results Statin treated subjects had lower LDL-C levels (84 vs 118 mg/dL) and higher PCSK9 levels (234 vs. 208 ng/mL) at baseline than subjects on placebo. The difference in PCSK9 was due to a higher PCSK9 production rate (PR) (19.7 vs. 16.7 ug/kg/day) but similar PCSK9 FCR (1.87 vs. 1.78 pools/day). Adding anacetrapib to background treatment was associated with a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol (~ -35%) and apoB levels (~ 20%) in both panels. Anacetrapib had no significant effect on PCSK9 levels in either of the background treatment groups. Consistent with the lack of change in PCSK9 levels, there was no effect of anacetrapib on the PR (18.1 vs. 19.3 ug/kg/day) or FCR of PCSK9 (1.82 vs. 1.93 pools/day). Conclusion These results indicate that in our study population the increase in LDL FCR observed in response to anacetrapib treatment is not likely to be related to changes in the metabolism of PCSK9.


The shape and location of the magnetopause current sheet in the near‐cusp region is still a debated question. Over time, several observations led to contradictory conclusions regarding the presence of an indentation of the magnetopause in that region. As a result several empirical models consider the surface is indented in that region, while some others do not. To tackle this issue, we fit a total of 17,230 magnetopause crossings to various indented and non‐indented analytical models. The results show that while all models describe the magnetopause position and shape equivalently far from the cusp region, the non‐indented version over‐estimate the radial position of the near‐cusp magnetopause. Among indented models, we show that the one designed from non‐linearmagneto hydrodynamic simulations fits well the near‐cusp magnetopause location, while the other underestimate its position probably because their design was possibly based on magnetopause crossing catalogs that contain cusp inner boundary crossings.


John Keats was not only an aestheticism poet.The ultimate concern to nature had made him a romanticism eco-poet.Poems by Keats have the realistic characteristic of concerning ecology,as well as consciousness of ecological holism and ecological naturalness.Keats's ecological view is a natural and ecological ethics dwelling of poetry of all things.Keats's inspiration to nature is multi-level and he was good at expressing multiple emotions to nature through sound,color,touch,time and other intentions.


Karl Jost first noted the use of a passage from Atto of Vercelli, De pressuris ecclesiasticis, in Archbishop Wulfstan's Latin composition De Christianitate. Dorothy Bethurum, however, in her essay on the group of manuscripts associated as representatives of Wulfstan's "Commonplace Book," suggested that an extract in one of these, Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 190, pp. 96–97, was an intermediary between the original work of Atto and Wulfstan's De Christianitate. Jost and Bethurum used the edition of Atto by d'Achery, reprinted in Migne. Now Joachim Bauer has re-edited Atto's tract and, finding early manuscripts rare, has read CCC 190 and identified more quotations from Atto in this English manuscript.


This article presents an approach for spellchecking and autocorrection using web data for morphologically complex languages (in the case of Kazakh language), which can be considered an end-to-end approach that does not require any manually annotated word–error pairs. A sizable web of noisy data is crawled and used as a base to infer the knowledge of misspellings with their correct forms. Using the extracted corpus, a sub-string error model with a context model for morphologically complex languages are trained separately, then these two models are integrated with a regularization parameter. A sub-string alignment model is applied to extract symmetric and non-symmetric patterns in two sequences of word–error pairs. The model calculates the probability for symmetric and non-symmetric patterns of a given misspelling and its candidates to obtain a suggestion list. Based on the proposed method, a Kazakh Spellchecking and Autocorrection system is developed, which we refer to as QazSpell. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed approach from different angles. The results show that the proposed approach achieves a good outcome when only using the error model, and the performance is boosted after integrating the context model. In addition, the developed system, QazSpell, outperforms the commercial analogs in terms of overall accuracy.


After The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake that occurred in Japan in 1995, ambient asbestos concentration increased widely over the stricken zone. To determine the relationship between this concentration increase and asbestos emitted from buildings, we performed measurements and researched the emission of asbestos that occurs when toppled buildings are demolished, then employed a diffusion model to examine the effects on the concentration increase. First we determined the use of sprayed-on asbestos in buildings of the earthquake zone. We also investigated asbestos emission on sites where sprayed-on asbestos was used. Then we found that demolition without pre-removal caused the most concern about asbestos emissions and impacts on surrounding areas. Finally, based on the estimated amounts of asbestos emission in the earthquake area, we employed the plume-puff model to calculate the contribution of emissions to the increased asbestos concentration at actual sampling points for monitoring. Results showed a weak positive correlation between calculated values for asbestos concentration rise and actually measured values.


Farmland abandonment or "ecological rewilding" shapes species distribution and ecological process ultimately affecting the biodiversity and functionality of ecosystems. Land abandonment predictions based on alternative future socioeconomic scenarios allow foretell the future of biota in Europe. From here, we predict how these forecasts may affect large‐scale distribution of the Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), an apex scavenger closely linked to Mediterranean agro‐grazing systems.


To support disabled persons with less muscle strength like muscular dystrophy patients, a single switch and a scanning menu panel is introduced to input method for the manipulator control. The iArm manipulator and its simulator are connected to evaluate the input performance. The evaluation task is the handling of pegs on the pegboard with the manipulator. Muscle dystrophy patients tested our interface to control both of the simulator and the real manipulator with a pegboard. The view of the robot control by the subject is shown on the video.


abstract A city landscape is always already politicised, but often the power, identity and discursive dynamics appear natural and politically innocent. However, any changes to this landscape – as with street renaming – bring politics to the fore. This process is often highly contested, as was experienced in Durban during the 2007/2008 changes, and persists to date. This reveals the ongoing social divisions and disaffection in contemporary South Africa, and is even more intriguing given the focus on colonial and apartheid symbols as points of resistance in student movements like #RhodesMustFall which began in 2015. In this piece I revisit research I conducted at the height of the Durban street renaming process through a gendered lens. This new reading further complicates the inherently contested and dynamic postcolonial, post-apartheid landscape by deconstructing gender with and within the historical, nationalist, and racialised discourses of renaming. In particular this open forum piece raises questions around commemorating the role of women in the South African liberation struggle, and the depoliticising effect of bureaucratic and legal processes. This reflection is critical given a current lack of feminist thought on street and place renaming despite its existence as an ongoing government driven process of healing and remembering within South Africa.


Although screening methods for HPV-OPSCC have not yet been developed, population-based prevention may be achievable through HPV vaccination, but only if concerted efforts are made to increase vaccine uptake in the United States.


System for for quality of service (QoS) flow in a communication system, method, and apparatus are provided. In one embodiment, the method in the user equipment device, and provides for establishing a QoS flow for the application. The method includes receiving the QoS information from one application and network. The method further based on the received information includes establishing a QoS communication flow for the application. The method also includes receiving the QoS information from other applications and networks, based on the additional information, and modifying the established QoS communication flow.


Symptoms are a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by patient. These are subjective phenomena observed by the patient and cannot be measured directly. On the other hand, a sign is objectively observable by others. Any objective evidence of a disease, such as blood in the stool, a skin rash, is a sign as it can be recognized by the doctor, nurse, family members apart from the patient. However, lower-back pain, stomachache or fatigue, is only detected or sensed by the patient and others only know about only when the patient tells them [1]. Historically, patients and physicians used to participate more equally in identifying signs and symptoms during a medical consultation. Over the last 200 years as medicine advanced and diagnostic techniques developed, the identification of signs became more and more the doctor's domain [2].The importance of "Signs" as a part of physical examination started with the discovery of "percussion" by Auenbruggerin 1760 and its dissemination by Corvisart in 1808 and development of auscultation in 1816 by Laennec [3].


We previously reported that induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the susceptibility of acute kidney injury inducedby ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in cynomolgus monkeys. In this follow-up study, we compared the expression ofselected markers in the renal tissues of monkeys subjected to bilateral renal IRI with and without diabetes. All tissues wereobtained from the original study. Renal biopsies were obtained before and 24 and 48 h after ischemia and were examinedfor expression of KI-67 (tubular proliferation), Na+/K+ ATPase (sodium-potassium pump), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α,inflammation), CD31 (microvessels), CD3 (T-cells), 2 fibrotic markers (fibroblast specific protein-1, FSP-1; α-smooth muscleactin, α-SMA), and cleaved caspase 3 (apoptosis). Generally, the expression of these markers differed in monkeys with andwithout DM. As compared with non-DM monkeys, DM monkeys had more cells that expressed KI-67 during progressionof acute kidney injury (AKI). Na+/K+ ATPase expression was clearly present at baseline in the basolateral tubular areas onlyin the non-DM monkeys. At 48 h, its expression in the basolateral area was not visible in DM monkeys, but was still presentin intercellular junctions of non-DM monkeys. The expression of TNF-α was higher in DM before and 48 h after ischemia.Before and 24 h after ischemia, the number of CD31-positive capillaries was not different between 2 groups, although morecollapsed vessels were found at in DM at 24 h. At 48 h, the number of capillaries was less in DM compared with those fromnon-DM animals. DM monkeys had more interstitial CD3-positive cells than did non-DM monkeys at 24 and 48 h afterischemia. Finally, FSP-1-stained cells were more abundant in DM than non-DM at 24 and 48 h. Our results show that DMaggravates the recovery of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by affecting tubular proliferation, capillary density, T cell infiltrationand by altering protein and mRNA expression of various genes involved in ion channel, inflammation, and fibroticchange. The results from this observational study demonstrate that DM aggravates the recovery of renal ischemia/reperfusioninjury by affecting multiple events including tubular necrosis, proliferation, function, inflammation and by inducingcapillary rarefaction in cynomolgus monkeys.


Abstract Creatinine determination in urine and plasma affords an index of the renal function. Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography was used for the separation and quantitation of creatinine in normal and arsenic exposed human urine samples. Acetonitrile/water (1:1) was the mobile phase. The method was compared with the Jaffe alkaline picrate reaction. Results show that the HPLC procedure has high reproducibility and samples are stable at the storage conditions. Plasma samples required depro-teinization and extraction with CH3CN prior to HPLC analysis, while urine samples required only centrifugation.


Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in the world, with 250 thousands of deaths each year. Early detection of tumors by breast exams and procedures can help to reduce these numbers. More medical practice is required. Professional training for medical procedures in real environments is costly and risky both for the student and the patient. A way to reduce costs and risks of training is by the use of a virtual simulator. An environment closer to the real world in medical simulations can provide a better quality experience of to the trainee. The use of haptic devices can emulate tactile sensations and feedback forces that correspond to body structures and density of tissues. The used device has six degrees of freedom (DOF): movement on three axes (x, y, and z), rotations, and horizontal and vertical inclinations. This work presents a virtual environment for breast exams practice and sentinel nodes detection procedures that employ the use of a haptic device and a gamified interface for feedbacks. The objective is to improve early breast cancer diagnosis chances. A model for tissue deformation calculations on tridimensional patient body mesh is proposed, to add visual realism to the interactions in the virtual environment. Needle depth and its tridimensional position data are updated at real-time on needle insertion. Tumor nodes size and position are dynamically generated upon each simulation, increasing training possibilities for the student. The gamification strategy improves the practice on environment, with elements to engage the player on activity. User progress is tracked by subdivision of breast exams and procedures into smaller challenges, for better performance evaluation on the virtual environment. A gamified interface, with player score and achievements mapping is included. These gamification features have not been employed on breast simulators from previously investigated works.


The time and temperature variables, necessary to establish commercial sterilisation process, are determined by heat penetration studies. We describe there heat penetration mechanism in tuna fish (yellowfin) canned in oil, that happens by conduction and we compare two proposed sterilisation process describe by two different temperatures 115° and 121 °C at several normalised size cans (except glass one) regarding small, medium size and larger ones. Save of time is considerable in the case of the sma-llest, it is 40 % but it is much lesser in the largest ones. A difficult in the manufacture is to have availability of the sterilisation units. However there are some considerations over process's control that become much more critical when at sterilisation process carried at 121 °C than a 115 °C, because the decrease of Fo values due to temperature defect is much more considerable to 121 °C either the format. But mainly performance, expresssed as drained weight/net weight rates (% PE/PN), it is more favourable in 115 °C process. However our dates in relatiuon to energetic budget for vapour consumption are favourable for 121 °C sterilisation process.


Objective To study occurrence and character of the child Kawasaki disease's complication.Methods Retrospectively analysised the occurrence and clinical character of 46 cases the child Kawasaki diseases complication.Results In 46 cases,cardiovascular system lesion 32 cases(69.56%),which included coronary artery expend,coronary artery aneurysm,heart amplification,myocardium lesion,myocardial ischemia;Blood system lesion 43 cases(93.47%),respiratory system lesion 39 cases(84.78%),digestive system lesion 25 cases(54.34%),urinary system lesion 9 cases(19.56%).Conclusion The child Kawasaki disease has high rate of complication.It's often complicated many system lesion.As soon as possible diagnosis and reasonable therapy will be the key to depress complication.


To study the influence of risk perception, socio-economic environments, return perception, venality level, revolution in investment scheme and awareness about investor behavior based mutual funds. The result of this primary survey from Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad based on 460 questionnaire responses with snowball sampling. From all over the Pakistan individual investors were included in our population. Results from study reveals that investor could behave confidently with innovative investment scheme, awareness, criteria of preference for investor. These solid reasons could enhance the investor base mutual funds. While some factors having adverse effects on the behavior of investor such as venality level, perception of returns and precarious institutional factor. Whereas gender, level of education, saving level are social demographics which could affects the behavior of investor positively towards the mutual fund investment although age having negative effect. This study inferring the management of mutual funds, regulators and investors. While these results highlight the inadequacy of awareness in the certain section of society. Therefore, for awareness old age people, females considered more explicitly to collect extensive period of investment of mutual funds. And to put strong hold on the roots of venality level regulators to control the adverse effects of management.


Utilization of wastepaper has increased its importance from the view points of resources and energy saving, environmental and ecological preservation and reduction of urban garbage.Trend of wastepaper recycling is reviewed and anticipated, for the recycle is being promoted out of economical background.Technology and engineering for wastepaper treatment have been significantly improved. For further development some comments are suggested from the fundamental technological view points.


Numerical investigations of leakage flow fields of two kinds of brush seals with four sealing clearances were conducted in this paper. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and non-Darcian porous medium model solutions were applied as the numerical approach to analyze the flow characteristics of brush seal. The reliability and accuracy of the RANS and non-Darcian porous medium model for leakage flow in brush seals were established by comparison with the experimental data. The referenced labyrinth seal was changed into a multi-stage brush seal which has two configurations. One configuration had a traditional geometrical structure. The other had a shim structure installed between the front plate and brush bristle pack. The leakage flow rates of the brush seal with two different configurations were calculated for four bristle pack tip clearances (0mm, 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm) which were compared with the results for the referenced labyrinth seal. The numerical results show that the leakage flow rate increases rapidly with the increasing of clearance between the bristle pack tip and the rotor surface for two kinds of brush seals. The sealing performance of the brush seal with shim structure is similar to that of the traditional design with the same sealing clearance and flow conditions. In addition, as compared with the traditional brush seal, the brush seal with shim structure can reduce the pressure difference between the bristle free and fence height at 0.3mm and 0.5mm sealing clearance. The leakage flow patterns in brush seals with two different configurations were also illustrated.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


player / is already a contributor, and column 5 if player i is not a contributor. Now there are, to be sure, two kinds of Nash equilibria in this game; the outcomes designated as MCS outcomes are distinguished by being the only Pareto-efficient Nash equilibria. In a game with extensive communication, it is quite reasonable to predict a Pareto-efficient equilibrium, if one exists. As a final point, there is an important epistemological issue here, relating to whether or not we should alter the well-known model of human behavior peculiar to these models. Considerable work has been undertaken by economists and political scientists on public goods problems using a utility-maximizing model of participants. Does their theory require the addition of extra features, such as "role" and "reasonable behavior," in order to describe the observed behavior? This is precisely what the authors are suggesting. The authors claim that the MCS does not require any assumption "that subjects are interested in any utility beyond that contained in the definition of the game" (p. 116). Yet the MCS does incorporate a number of confounding concepts pertaining to "role," "criticalness," and "reasonable behavior." All of these notions lie outside the analysis of choices made by utility-maximizing individuals. If these components were necessary for predicting the outcomes of the experiments, then the MCS would constitute a theoretical advance. But these concepts are in fact superfluous. Although "role" is well defined within the experiment (as an assignment of contribution duties to an individual), it really only describes the endogenous process by which, in this experiment's structure, the standard equilibrium process is allowed to operate. "Criticalness" is presented as a means for specifying the pivotal role played by designated investors. Yet this is part of the equilibrium property built into the game—once an agreement is reached, no one has any incentive to withdraw. Finally, "reasonable behavior" is viewed as a means of foreclosing the consideration of alternative strategies—the problem of infinite regress in games of pure strategy. Purportedly, "reasonable behavior" eliminates such a regress. However, expectations of reasonable behavior in these experiments are unnecessary, since unilaterally departing from the agreement represents a self-defeating move for any participant. Consequently, these additional concepts peculiar to the MCS are extraneous, given the equilibrium properties built into the game. Although we are not subscribing to the position that implausible assumptions ought to be retained if predictions can be derived, neither are we suggesting that assumptions can be freely manipulated without regard for antecedent work. An extensive body of work on public goods problems does exist, with well-established results (see, for example, Frohlich & Oppenheimer, 1978; Laver, 1981; Olson, 1965). If the experiment faithfully replicates that problem and yields compelling evidence that individual strategic behavior is at variance with expected behavior, then there may exist grounds for rejecting or modifying previous theoretical formulations. However, the authors provide an institutional setting at variance with public goods formulations. Further, their results correspond nicely with expected behavior by utilitymaximizing participants. The secret here lies in the structural solution provided to the game by the experimenters, not in a new solution to the public goods problem.


On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, six nosological forms of infectious diseases have epizootic significance among cattle. The most widespread are leptospirosis, rabies, and isolated cases of pasteurellosis. Natural foci of rabies were formed, confined to the environmental conditions of the neighboring territories of Mongolia and the TRANS-Baikal territory. Epizootic process tends to polyhostal manifestation with the threat of expanding the focus and complicating the epidemic situation in the entire region of Siberia and the Far East. In 2018 169 heads of cattle were identified with a positive reaction to leptospirosis in 13 administrative districts. Preventive immunization of animals with the control of immunity tension in areas with a high risk of introduction of infectious diseases is the basis for maintaining epizootic well-being throughout the region.


Introduction: In this systematic review is examined if yoga could have a positive influence on the treatment and prevention of anxiety. Previous reviews suggest the possibility of this positive influence. However these surveys are not necessarily of high quality and the number of studies is limited. This is why the exact role of yoga on anxiety remains under investigation.
Method: A systematic search has been executed on the Scopus and Cochrane Library. Articles published before September 2012 on the subject of yoga in relation to anxiety are studied. The selection criteria for the articles are the following: (1) it is a primary study, (2) the medical intervention consists mainly of yoga, (3) there is a measurable psychological outcome, (4) the measuring method records the psychological factors, (5) it is a randomized controlled trial and (6) there is a full article available.
Results: 27 of the 672 articles met the mentioned criteria. The results showed that 70,4% of the cases of the intervention group experienced significantly reduced anxiety in comparison to the control group. This suggests that yoga can have a positive effect on the reduction of anxiety.
Discussion: Although this survey shows positive effects, we have to be cautious with the interpretation of our results. This caution is needed because the effect sizes of the studies are not calculated. Moreover there are many variations in the used psychological measuring methods and yoga applications. Both these factors make it difficult to interpret and compare the results of these kinds of studies and make the conclusions less reliable. This is why a meta-analysis as follow-up research is recommended


A brief critical review of existing approaches for measuring ship maneuverability is given, followed by an outline of the basic properties of alternative indices of maneuverability from the shiphandler's point of view. Next, the principles governing the proposed alternative measures are explained. For given bare hulls or hull-rudder-propeller configurations, the main results of this paper are that each alternative maneuvering index provides information (a) on the rate of change of the sway speed relative to yaw stimulation (index magnitude), and (b) on straight-line stability (index sign). Moreover, the paper summarizes as an illustration maneuvering criteria based on the alternative indices of maneuverability.


a = semimajor axis b = magnetic field vector e = eccentricity e = orbital element vector e · = matrix exponential f = true anomaly h = angular momentum magnitude i = inclination J = cost Jn = nth zonal harmonic coefficient M = mean anomaly m = mass m = magnetic dipole vector N − 1 = number of thrusts n = mean motion p = semilatus rectum q = electrical charge r = orbit radius magnitude r = position vector t = time u = continuous input/control vector v = velocity vector W = controllability Gramian ΔV = delta-v magnitude δ t = Dirac delta function ζ = differential element error λ = continuous co-state vector μ = gravitational parameter ν = discrete co-state vector ω = angular velocity vector Φ = state transition matrix Ω = right ascension of ascending node Hc∕d = continuous/discrete Hamiltonian · × = skew symmetric matrix operator Subscripts


A small population of patients are responsible for the majority of Ontario's acute healthcare costs ߝ high-users of acute care. At our institution, high-users were divided into those who persisted in their high use across more than six months and those who did not. Persistent users were more likely to live alone, have more than three comorbidities, take more than five medications and be admitted for chronic diseases. In a survey of their family physicians, 58% believed no interventions could have prevented readmissions; however, useful strategies such as patient education, surgical rapid access clinics and increased mental health supports were proposed.


By comparing the different properties between towel fabrics by hollow yam and by long staple cotton in terms of abrasion resistance,stiffness,bursting strength,air permeability and wicking,this paper indicates towels by hollow yam have the advantages of puff,softness,good air permeability and high moisture absorption.The towel by hollow yarn can be the substitute for the traditional towels and it will have a brilliant prospect in the market.


One of the major developments of twentieth century physics has been the gradual recognition that a common feature of the known fundamental interactions is their gauge structure. In this talk the early history of gauge theory is reviewed, emphasizing especially Weyl's seminal contributions of 1918 and 1929.


PE and PBT are known to be incompatible polymers. A grafted copolymer PBT-EVA has been generated as a compatibilizer in situ during the processing operation by redistributive transesterification between PBT and EVA in the presence of dibutyl tin oxide (DBTO). This copolymer has been isolated by selective extractions from PBT/EVA/DBTO (49.5/49.5/1% in weight) blend after processing in the melt. It has been evidenced by a 1H-NMR study. This copolymer presents all the resonances of PBT and EVA sequences and some others that have been assigned specificaly to grafting. To achieve these assignments, a model compound obtained by transesterification of EVA with methyl benzoate has been used. When the melt conditions enable synthesis of the grafted copolymer PBT-EVA in situ during processing operations, important changes in the morphology of PE/PBT/EVA/DBTO blends are observed. SEM analysis shows a decrease of PBT particle size and a good adhesion between the PBT and PE phase. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2457–2469, 1997


In a manner analogous to the commutative case, the zero-divisor graph of a noncommutative ring R can be defined as the directed graph G. It has been shown that G is not a tournament if R is a finite ring with no nontrivial nilpotent elements and the graph has more than one vertex. This result is generalized to an arbitrary ring. This article also shows that G cannot be a network for a finite ring R. These results are used to determine which directed graphs on 1, 2, or 3 vertices can be realized as G. Finally, it is shown that for a finite ring R, G has an even number of directed edges.


The research was aimed at explaining the implementation offinancial balancing rules between central and district government consistently as mean of good governance. Data collected through library research and field research by i tentang inten:iewing the respondents and information from Departemen Keuangan RI.Kantor Menteri Negara Badan Usaha Milik Negara. and Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan. The object of research was Act number 25 1999 on Financial balancing benl'een central and district government (Act No. 25 of1999 on Financial Balancing Between Central and Local Government). The result of the Nasional. research was the implementation of financial balancing rules between central and district government consistently will assist good governance.


OBJECTIVE
To prepare Zhongjiefeng dispersible tablets.

METHODS
The formulation of Zhongjiefeng dispersible tablets were optimized as index of disintegration time by orthogonal design test.

RESULTS
The optimized Zhongjiefeng dispersible tablets, which were prepared by selecting 16% PVPP and 3% L-HPC as disintegrants, 40% MCC as filler, can disintegrate in 3 mins.

CONCLUSIONS
The above formulation is reasonable and the disintegration time is suitable, so it can provide theoretic support for industrialization.


We have administered the Spanish version of the SCL-90R to 570 subjects (299 women and 271 men) from the general population of Tenerife, Canary Islands. The highest score in both sexes corresponds to Depression, followed by Soma- tization in women and Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms in men. Women show higher scores than men in those variables which are indicative of subjective suffering (Soma- tization, Depression, Anxiety. Obsessionality and Phobia), with no difference in those indicating interpersonal difficulties (Interpersonal Sensitivity, Hostility, Paranoid idea- tion and Psychoticism). The scores for Depression and Somatization increase with age in both sexes, whereas Interpersonal sensitivity. Hostility, Paranoid ideation and Psy- choticism tend to decrease. Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms. general anxiety and Pho- bic anxiety do not show corelation to age. Marital status has strong bearing on psycho- pathology scores, with separated subjects, followed by widows, ranking higher in most variables. Whereas the total number of positive symptoms shown by our subjects is similar to that registered in the general populations of other European countries and in the U.S.A., the global severity scores are significantly higher. Those results reveal a tendency in our population to rate highly the intensity of the symptoms they present.


The modern procedures of enterprises labour resources have been analyzed. The algorithm for calculation the enterprise performancepotential efficiency ratio and assessment of the performance potential of the enterprise assessment based on quantitativeand qualitative characteristics has been provided. The model for assessment the effectiveness of labour management of enterprise,branch or region subject to such factors as motivation, labour expenses, staff rotation and its qualifications has been proposed. Theproposed model covers the assessment of effectiveness of labour management of enterprise, branch or region subject to baselines.Situation where all inequalities are meeting means that this strategy is implementing effectively. If otherwise, the company shouldtake additional measures for to improve indexes specifying deployment of staff, its motivation, turnover, qualifications and labourexpenses. Application of the considered provisions and concepts together with applied tools makes it possible to model elements ofeffective utilization of performance of potential of any agricultural enterprise. The proposed procedure for assessment of agriculturalenterprises headcount analysis is applied one and can be used when developing a strategy for adequate assessment, looking fornew ways to improve utilization of labour resources in agricultural sector. The modern procedures of enterprises labour resources have been analyzed. The algorithm for calculation the enterprise performancepotential efficiency ratio and assessment of the performance potential of the enterprise assessment based on quantitativeand qualitative characteristics has been provided. The model for assessment the effectiveness of labour management of enterprise,branch or region subject to such factors as motivation, labour expenses, staff rotation and its qualifications has been proposed. Theproposed model covers the assessment of effectiveness of labour management of enterprise, branch or region subject to baselines.Situation where all inequalities are meeting means that this strategy is implementing effectively. If otherwise, the company shouldtake additional measures for to improve indexes specifying deployment of staff, its motivation, turnover, qualifications and labourexpenses. Application of the considered provisions and concepts together with applied tools makes it possible to model elements ofeffective utilization of performance of potential of any agricultural enterprise. The proposed procedure for assessment of agriculturalenterprises headcount analysis is applied one and can be used when developing a strategy for adequate assessment, looking fornew ways to improve utilization of labour resources in agricultural sector.


570 Background: Despite potential oncologic gains from using radiotherapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it has historically been contraindicated due to increased acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Yet recent published literature is mixed with regards to toxicity outcomes in these patients. In this study, we examine GI, genitourinary (GU), and skin toxicity in IBD patients compared to non-IBD patients both treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for anal or colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Anal and CRC patients who received EBRT were included in this single institutional IRB-approved study. 15 IBD patients and 30 non-IBD patients were matched 1:2 based on age (±5 years), treatment year (±1 year), BMI (±10 kg/m2), and clinical stage. No IBD patients had documented active disease at the time of treatment. All patients had a pathologic diagnosis of anal or CRC and received EBRT either neoadjuvantly or adjuvantly. Acute toxicity occurred within 100 days of EBRT. Data was co...


As a short story writer with a clear sense of culture, Lao She created a unique type of short story, that is, the story with cultural moral. The so-called "story with cultural moral" refers to the one with some cultural idea that is clearly conveyed by the form of the short story. In this type of stories, the characters generally have more or less some clear cultural indication, and moreover, some characters are the representatives or the signs of a kind of culture. Lao She embodied his ideal of the new national's personality in his cultural moral story. This personality in essence refers to earnest work, national awareness and the spirit of independence.


The method for investigation and control of large-scale recombination-active defects in near- surface regions of semiconductor wafers is proposed. The potentialities of the technique proposed are illustrated by the example of germanium single crystals.


Self-exciting sources of vibration wheel unbalance and wheel non-uniformities are known to contribute to ride vibration environment of road vehicles and also to potential road damage in addition to excitations arising from terrain undulations. The present study investigates vehicle vibrations induced by non-uniformities and unbalance of the tire-wheel assembly in conjunction with terrain irregularities. A four degrees-of-freedom pitch plane model of a truck is developed to analyze ride and tire load variations under measured random road excitations. The nonlinear vehicle model comprising the adaptive foot-print tire model is analyzed under excitations arising from a range of mass unbalance and wheel non-uniformity, and phase differences in the defects of the front and rear wheels. A comprehensive parametric sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the vehicle response subjected to all the excitations. The response characteristics are evaluated in terms of measures relevant to ride quality and road damage potential, namely the overall unweighted and frequency-weighted vertical and pitch rms accelerations of the sprung mass and dynamic load coefficient (DLC), respectively.


Dealing with Inequality: Analysing Gender Relations in Melanesia and Beyond, edited by Marilyn Strathern. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-52133378-4, xiv + 325 pp, notes, bibliogcal care, and missionary advocacy of the people in the face of more mercenary outsiders. In a fascinating description of Wesleyan methods in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Michael Young shows that the mission attempted to create alternative Christian communities by separating children from their pagan parents. He also details the mission's diversion of native wealth to its own cause, including valuables from the famous kula trading system. Annette Hamilton's chapter traces the failure of missionization among Australian Aborigines. She paints a grim and at times horrifying picture of white barbarity and missionary impotence on Australia's frontier, where, in an illustration of "blaming the victim," the Aborigines themselves were held at fault for mission failures. As this volume proves, seeing colonialism as an interaction between cultures allows for human agency on both sides of the encounter. Colonizers had their own scenarios for political and ideological c.onquest, but indigenous peoples had the capacity to resist, bend, and frustrate at least some of those schemes. This is the analytic path historical anthropology is now taking, and it is a productive direction indeed. southern Pentecost, Vanuatu. Jolly demonstrates that, in spite of male/ female segregation in the religious sphere, the domestic/public distinction does not accurately describe indigenous gender relations. Christianity, she argues, introduced new models of gender separation "which did not necessarily confer on women the powers they enjoyed in the ancestral religion" (223). In line with current trends in gender scholarship, most of the volume's contributors see Pacific women as having a degree of power and autonomy in their indigenous societies, a power that was abridged through missionization and colonization. In an essay that first appeared in The Hawaiian Journal of History, Patricia Grimshaw details how missionary women attempted to redefine femininity for Hawaiian women in accordance with "the cult of true womanhood." Both Grimshaw and Ralston agree that Christianity did little to ameliorate the negative effects of colonization on Hawaiian women. Mervyn Meggitt, in his overview of contemporary Enga women's status, is less sanguine about women's power in the indigenous system, however. In his summary, Enga women's situation is one of marginality and social dependence on men. Evaluating changes in women's economic, legal, and political status since the 1930S, Meggitt sees few signs of long-term improvement in a society where male leaders dominate women and the young. In line with the judgment prevailing among today's anthropologists, the contributors to this volume are largely critical of the missionary project, although they acknowledge the benefits of literacy, improvements in medi~:JOCELYN LINNEKIN


The method of ideological political education is an opening system with development.When people's ideology,value orientation and social behavior changes greatly,one must create and find some new approaches to it in order to enhance the validity of education.By using an scientific method,one should do some educational innovations with specific methods to deal with the relationship between the subjectivity and objectivity of education,understand its connotation and make use of modern educational flat etc..


Introduction: Previous studies have linked depression and cardiovascular diseases, however gender differences in cost of hospitalization and care associated with events related to depression and my...


Early childhood education was an effort to manage students, teachers and the environment in a school system to achieve the goals effectively and efficiently. This research aims are to find out and get information about the application of educational management at the Red rose Kindergarten School in Bekasi city and the inhibiting factors in the learning processes. This type of research applied a descriptive method with qualitative approach. The subjects of this research were principal, class teachers, students and parents. Technique of collecting data from Interview, observation of educationalmanagement activities and documentation (pictures, data statistic such as graphs of growth and development students). This research was conducted for one year. Data analysis stages are reduction, selection and display in the form of presentations, and conclusions (Miles and Huberman 1992). the data validity was based on checking technique using trusted degree, namely participation, perseverance and triangulation. The result of this researchisthatthe education using the 2013 curriculum system is based on student development. The stages of planning and learning process are in accordance with applicable regulations. The functions of internal and external supervisions are conducted by the principal and Supervisory officers from province. The inhibiting factors found in the research are that the teachers do not have enough competence. Parents are less attentive to their children's activities at school. There were no pantry and school health units. Resources and media learning were inadequate. The financing management education has a significant effecton school quality. However, the true fact is not according to the regulations. It affects the principal not implementingthe educational financing management. According to the statistics, student's growth indicates a decline in 9 consecutive year period It may have an impact on implementation of school quality


ASCO produced the 2011 Focused Update based on phase III randomized clinical trials published on maintenance chemotherapy, addressing one question from the 2009 Guideline Update on chemotherapy for stage IV NSCLC: what is the optimal duration of first-line chemotherapy for stage IV NSCLC?


Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLD's) of chickpea variety PBG7 on 82 locations were conducted to document the economic viability of technology dissemination in central plain conditions of Punjab during 2019-20 and 2020-21 to evaluate chickpea production technology. The demonstrations created an average yield production of 17.80 q/ha, which was 21.03 per cent greater than the traditional farming method (14.70 q/ha). Because of significant variation in the extent of adoption of recommended technology the yield levels were much lower under local practices. Other economic parameters like more B:C ratio (3.63), gross return (57220/ha), and net return (40465.5/ha) were comparatively more under advanced technology demonstrated plots. An average extension gap, technology gap, technology index, and additional returns of chickpea were recorded at 3.09 q/h, 2.2 q/ha, 11% and Rs. 14485/ha, respectively. Variations in agro-climatic factors and management practices were found to be responsible for variations in the technology gap and index percentage which can be reduced by farmer's participation in adopting new technologies. It is concluded that by opting for new variety and management practices there is a huge scope to increase chickpea production at different strata viz, farmer, district, state and national level.


We suggest here that the recently-reported ``insulator-metal transition'' in Si MOSFET's is consistent instead with a transition from an insulator to a T=0 p-wave superconducting state.


IN BRIEF

Shapiro and colleagues recently reported a 100% cure rate for type 1 diabetes with their "Edmonton protocol" for islet transplantation. This unprecedented success has caused a groundswell of enthusiasm and an unparalleled effort to replicate their experience. It has also raised questions about the clinical reality of this therapy and sparked a dialog about which patients should benefit from receiving this scarce allocated resource. This article reviews the factors contributing to the Edmonton success and obstacles to immediate and long-term expansion of islet transplantation. The authors argue that use of the two-layered method of pancreas preservation will enable the Edmonton protocol to cure diabetes from single and marginal cadaveric donors. A concerted effort will be required to expedite routing of pancreases to islet processing centers and transplant programs. The long-term success and expansion of islet transplantation will depend on not only safer forms of immunosuppression, but also new sources of islet tissue.


The Swiss banking sector has long been famous for its success in attracting foreign assets and wealthy clients. This article aims to analyze the reasons behind the success of Swiss banks by considering various factors. The research paper includes a literature review, methodology, and examination of key elements such as foreign assets, Indian 'black money,' the largest Swiss banks, the impact of the coronavirus crisis, Swiss banking secrecy, overall country stability, stable currency, and globalization. The study reveals that Swiss banks have historically been a preferred destination for people from politically and economically unstable countries seeking secure storage for their wealth. The existence of banking secrecy laws, dating back to 1930s, has played a significant role in attracting international clients, although other factors have also contributed to the success of the sector. The analysis of foreign assets shows a substantial amount of money held in Swiss banks, accounting for a significant portion of global cross-border assets. Indian 'black money' has also found its way to Swiss banks, although efforts to disclose account information have been ongoing. The largest Swiss banks, including UBS and Credit Suisse, have played a pivotal role in the country's financial sector. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the Swiss banking industry was analyzed, showing that despite challenges, the industry managed to offer new jobs and maintain profitability. The study emphasizes the importance of Swiss banking secrecy, which has been a key factor in attracting wealthy clients for centuries. However, it argues that secrecy alone does not fully explain the success of the Swiss banks. Other factors, such as overall country stability, a stable and easy convertible currency like the Swiss Franc, and the role of globalization in facilitating international operations, have all contributed to the sector's prominence. In conclusion, the success of Swiss banks is a result of multiple factors working together. While banking secrecy has played a significant role, other favorable conditions such as political stability, a strong currency, and global outreach have also contributed to Switzerland's status as a global financial hub. Understanding the interplay of these elements sheds light on the reasons behind the exceptional performance of the Swiss banking sector.


Contents: Part I: M. Meisels, Introduction: The Colorful Background of the Clark Conference. E. R. Shapiro, Helen Block Lewis, In Memoriam: Her Vision of the Clark Conference on Psychoanalytic Training for Psychologists. H. B. Lewis, Some Thoughts on Becoming a Psychoanalyst: Anno 1985. H. B. Lewis, Psychoanalysis as Therapy Today. Part II: E. R. Shapir, Keynote Address: Introduction. A. M. Sandler, Comments on Varieties of Psychoanalytic Training in Europe. Part III: E. R. Shapiro, Institute and Alternative Training Models: Introduction. C. Spezzano, A History of Psychoanalytic Training for Psychologists in the United States. M. Hyman, Alternative Training and Its Alternatives. A.M. Antonovsky, Institute Training. M. Horowitz, Alternative Training Models: A Response. S. Gourevitch, Discussion of Marvin Hyman's Paper: Institute Training and Its Alternatives. Part IV: E. R. Shapiro, Components of Psychoanalytic Training: Personal Analysis and Supervison: Introduction. M. Miesels, The Personal Analysis. J.E. Gedo, Position Statement on the Training Analysis Question. S. Basescu, Personal Analysis. H. J. Schlesinger, Supervision and the Training Analysis: Repetition or Collaboration. A.L. Siegler, Finding One's Voice in the Analytic Chorus: Some Thoughts About Psychoanalytic Education. Part V: E.R. Shapiro, Becoming a Psychoanalyst of One Persuasion or Another: Introduction. S. A. Appelbaum, Reflections on the Role of Theory in Psychoanalysis. M. Bilmes, N. Adler, Becoming a Psychoanalyst: An Example From an Integrative Program. Part VI: E.R. Shapiro, The Psychoanalyst's Identity Vis-a-Vis Other Therapies and the Discipline of Psychology: Introduction. P.L. Wachtel, Should Psychoanalytic Training be Training to be a Psychoanalyst? G. Silberschatz, Psychology's Contribution to the Future of Psychoanalysis: A Scientific Attitude. E.R. Shapiro, The Relationship Between the Division of Psychoanalysis and Local Chapter Training Programs. F. Pine, The Relationship Between the Division and Local Chapters (Abstract). J.H. Slavin, Authority and Identity in the Establishment of Psychoanalytic Training. R. Kainer, Superego, Ego Ideal, and Transitional Phenomena in Issues of Regional Training. E.R. Shapiro, Summary of Audience Discussion. Part VII: E.R. Shapiro, Implications of New Information for Psychoanalytic Training: Introduction. Part VIII: G. Stechler, The Integration of Psychoanalysis and Family Systems. J.B. Miller, Psychonalysis and the Psychology of Women. L.E.A. Walker, Feminist Scholarship and the Training of Psychoanalytic Psychologists. D. Mendell, A Model for Integrating New Ideas From the Psychology Era of Women Into Training Programs. Part IX: E.R. Shapiro, Workshop Reports. E.R. Shapiro, The Future of Psychoanalytic Education: Intergenerational Conflict and the Balance of Tradition and Innovation. Clark Conference Program. Clark Conference Faculty. Clark Conference Planning Committee. Author Index. Subject Index.


Iranian architecture is one of the richest examples of vernacular architecture with notable achievements in the world that form and Niaresh over time to one of the successful examples of conceptual architecture, meaningful, and that creates a mystical conversion architecture has high spatial quality. Achieving to spatial quality as one of the main goals of architects and researchers in this field always been considered that pay attention to optimal and efficient space past and also considering human experience and the human knowledge are necessary. Trying to design spaces that have the potential to communicate with human beings and their physical and spiritual needs more than ever is Considered by designers and architects. Thus, considering traditional architecture and its components with the function and purpose of each components of the architecture, in order to enhance the quality of architectural space is a valuable approach. This study followed the first Persian architecture and its components to identify and achieve the architectural quality and then to examine the spatial hierarchy in this architecture will use Software syntax. Thus, to achieve this purpose, Iranian house that is representative of Iranian architecture and considering the importance of this building as a family hearth and as one of the most sacred sites of human growth and development has always been the most important and influential space direction it has chosen. That here In particular Boroujerdi house in Kashan according to criteria such as: responding to performance, privacy and confidentiality , aesthetics principles and etc selection and applied research with a descriptive study based on library resources in a process step by step Boroujerdi house in Kashan gives analyzed.


Reconstructing human shape and pose from a single image is a challenging problem due to issues like severe self-occlusions, clothing variations, and changes in lighting to name a few. Many applications in the entertainment industry, e-commerce, health-care (physiotherapy), and mobile-based AR/VR platforms can benefit from recovering the 3D human shape, pose, and texture. In this paper, we present PeelNet, an end-to-end generative adversarial framework to tackle the problem of textured 3D reconstruction of the human body from a single RGB image. Motivated by ray tracing for generating realistic images of a 3D scene, we tackle this problem by representing the human body as a set of peeled depth and RGB maps which are obtained by extending rays beyond the first intersection with the 3D object. This formulation allows us to handle self-occlusions efficiently. Current parametric model-based approaches fail to model loose clothing and surface-level details and are proposed for the underlying naked human body. Majority of non-parametric approaches are either computationally expensive or provide unsatisfactory results. We present a simple non-parametric solution where the peeled maps are generated from a single RGB image as input. Our proposed peeled depth maps are back-projected to 3D volume to obtain a complete 3D shape. The corresponding RGB maps provide vertex-level texture details. We compare our method against current state-of-the-art methods in 3D reconstruction and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on BUFF and MonoPerfCap datasets.


Introduction: The effects of different solid substrates including: carbon nanofibers (CNFs), activated carbon, alumina, silica, and poly vinyl pyrolidone (PVP) were compared for high pressure synthesis of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, (CF2)n) nanoparticles via the adsorption of thermally synthesized tetrafluoroethylene (TFE, C2F4) as monomer. Aim: Syntheses and characterization PTFE nanoparticles and also in this paper, a new method is proposed for the synthesis of PTFE nanoparticles via adsorption of TFE monomer on different solid substrates. Materials and Methods: Electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for characterization of PTFE nanoparticles on different solid substrates. Results: under similar conditions, the average diameter of the PTFE nanoparticles was around 90 nm for CNFs, 130 nm for PVP, 150 nm for alumina and around 200 nm for silica. Conclusion: Different solid materials have various capacities for the formation of PTFE nanoparticles, depending on their size, shape, and their morphology. In fact, the amounts and the sizes of synthesized PTFE nanoparticles are strongly dependent on the nature of the solid surface substrate.


The setting up of the general commission for Jewish matters in the course of the spring 1941 entailed the promulgation of a new status for the Jews, and its implementation concerns more than 500 persons (3 000 had already been excluded following the status of October 1940), mainly subaltern servants, and brings to light quite various principles. While the General Commission aims at adjusting the anti Jewish politics of Vichy more uniformly and in accordance with the foundations of the anti-Semitism of the State – inflexibility about the exclusion of the Jews, except the most deserving old soldiers and their families – the services which were concerned had a more matter-of-fact and particular view of the problem, and enforce the law as their own interests and traditions command. As a result, this institutional confrontation favoured a tightening of the politics of exclusion ; the largest services even took steps going further than what had to be enforced.


The indole nucleus seems to be a promising basis for design and synthesis of new derivatives able to protect oxidative stress in a variety of acute and chronic pathologies. The paper presents an overview of indole derived compounds in which inhibitory action has been demonstrated against potent microbes and also tested for antioxidant activity. Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species has been implicated in several diseases and hence antioxidants have significant importance in human health. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of the four compounds viz. I1, I2, I3 and I4 showed significant results. Compound I4 showed promising results for reducing power, hydroxyl free radical and superoxide scavenging assays when compared with standard drug. The same showed highest inhibitory activity against Gram positive organism, where as I1 showed least effect and I2, I3 were moderate in both the activities. Eventhough all the four compounds are indole derivatives, their change in the potencies may be due to the structural differences.


We propose a low-temperature nickel silicidation with a dopant segregation approach to form shallow anode profiles in thin wafer insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The process provides an anode with a boron peak concentration of 3×1019/cm3 after annealing at 400 °C. The silicidation results in a NiSi phase with a strong interface roughness, independent of the polishing process after grinding. The devices exhibit characteristics comparable with the state-of-the-art IGBTs in terms of voltage drop (VCE,ON), which indicates that a higher anode activation was achieved at low temperature in comparison with the reference samples, since the anode is <;27% of its initial thickness. Devices that underwent chemical mechanical planarization exhibit higher VCE,ON than those without, possibly due the increase of surface roughness.


The quality control of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) has always been a challenge due to their anisotropy and inhomogeneity. Using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography, these materials can be analyzed in situ during the manufacturing process, providing a three-dimensional analysis without damaging or modifying the samples. This paper analyzes the three material states CFRP, C/C and C/SiC that occur during the processing of melt-infiltrated C/SiC composites and describes the changes in morphology occurring after each processing step. In addition, a quantitative porosity and phase-analysis of the complete volume was performed.


The next-generation B-factory, Belle II at the SuperKEKB accelerator, is expected to start physics data taking in 2018. The Belle II experiment is an upgraded version of Belle, which operated till 2010 at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan. The main goal of Belle II is to accumulate a 50 times larger data sample than its predecessor, which would offer a unique possibility to indirectly search for phenomena beyond the standard model through precision studies of rare decay processes. The Belle II detector is now being developed and constructed. It is a multipurpose instrument, which covers a large solid angle and has capability for a precise vertex reconstruction and momentum determination, and improved particle identification. All its sub-detectors have been redesigned to improve performances with respect to Belle as well as to cope with the expected steep increase in luminosity (leading to more backgrounds).


In this paper, we are interested in the inverse problem for the biharmonic equation posed on a rectangle, which is of great importance in many areas of industry and engineering. We show that the problem under consideration is ill‐posed; therefore, to solve it, we opted for a regularization method via modified auxiliary boundary conditions. The numerical implementation is based on the application of the semidiscrete finite difference method for a sequence of well‐posed direct problems depending on a small parameter of regularization. Numerical results are performed for a rectangle domain showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.


FEMS Microbiology Letters 8 (1980) 139-142 0 Copyright Federation of European Microbiological Societies Published by Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press 139 THE EFFECT OF FORMATE ON OXIDASE ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT BACTERIA R.N. IVANOVSKY, E.V. ZACHAROVA, A.I. NETRUSOV, Yu.V. RODIONOV and E.N. KONDRATIEVA


Bachelor thesis follows up area of positive psychology. We are searching for suitable respondents, who are entitled as Personalities of contemporary Czech nursing by authorities. The objective is to find seven Personalities and to realize a semi-structured interview with them. We let ourselves to get inspired by the concept of character strengths and virtues by Peterson and Seligman. In particular, we examine area of hope, gratitude, spirituality, sense of humour, beauty and excellence. We want to introduce selected Personalities, their ideals, values, attitude and paragons. To point out to situations which formed their strong characteristics. The objective of this thesis is to provide other nurses recommendations for development of these virtues.


Electronic medical record(EMR) system is used for storage and transmission in the form of extensible markup language(XML) documents.The structure of XML document is very appropriate description of the contents of the medical documents.According to the characteristics of XML-based EMR,this system uses XML schema models for developing the structure and content of medical documents,and makes sure the medical documents can be linked smoothly between different hospitals.Furthermore,this system provides encryption and signature components which uses encryption and signature standards followed by W3C.This paper tells how to develop EMR security system,and then analyses some Key modules.


The campaign to measure the optical and thermodynamic efficiency of the system will be presented. The optical quality was determined with a classical flux-mapping using a lambertian target and a CCD camera system, which also leads to the energy input to the PCU. For the thermodynamic analysis all the data necessary for a complete energy balance around the Stirling engine, i.e. efficiency of the Stirling motor, the cavity and the receiver as well as the parasitic losses were measured. Such a detailed performance analysis helps to quantify all significant losses of the system and to identify the most rewarding future improvements.


This paper presents distance-based immune generalised differential evolution (DIGDE), an improved algorithmic approach to tackle dynamic multi-objective optimisation problems (DMOPs). Its novelty i...


For the difficult to describe the color characteristics of target. Under different light conditions the same goals have different color information. This paper proposes a method of target recognition based on studying color. In the case the target color characteristics is unknown, this method collect the color of target by camera and analyze independently and generate the color feature information of target. In this paper, the noise filter is also part of the image segmentation. To counting pixel, if the number of pixels of the area less than the settings, the area will be removed. For the case target size can be get, this paper get the target distance based on monocular vision. Combined with images obtained the azimuth information of the target relative robot, and describe target position in polar coordinates. Making experiment of location and tracking based on the positioning of the target.


The independent former British colony, Lesotho, is part of the Southern African region. Lesotho is surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is economically integrated with the rest of the region but has had political sovereignty since 1966.


A fundamental challenge in neuroscience is understanding how the central nervous system (CNS) succeeds in controlling motor skills that require the coordination of many degrees-of-freedom. A long-standing hypothesis is that the CNS relies on muscle synergies, coordinated activations of groups of muscles, to simplify motor control. Evidence that the combinations of a small number of muscle synergies underlies the generation of muscle activation patterns has come from several studies performed in the last two decades with different species and experimental tasks. Muscle synergies, extracted from multi-muscle EMG recordings using multidimensional decomposition algorithms such as non-negative matrix factorization, capture regularities in the spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal organization of the muscle patterns. However, whether muscle synergies are only a parsimonious description of the regularities of the motor commands rather than a key feature of their neural organization is still debated. Stronger evidence for a neural organization of muscle synergies would come from testing a prediction of how muscle synergies affect the difficulty in learning or adapting motor skills. An experiment with human subjects using myoelectric control to move a mass in a virtual environment has tested the prediction that it must be harder to adapt to perturbations that require new or modified synergies than to adapt to perturbations that can be compensated by recombining existing synergies. Novel perturbations were generated by altering the mapping between recorded EMG and simulated force applied on the mass, as in a complex surgical rearrangement of the tendons. After identifying muscle synergies, two types of virtual surgeries were performed. After compatible virtual surgeries, a full range of movements could still be achieved recombining the synergies, whereas after incompatible virtual surgeries new or modified synergies were required. In contrast, both types of surgeries could be compensated with similar changes in the recruitment of individual muscles. As predicted, adaptation after compatible surgeries was faster than after incompatible ones. These results suggest that muscle synergies are key elements organized by the CNS for controlling our complex musculoskeletal system by directly mapping task goals into a small number of synergy combination parameters.


Objective To report the experience in repairing penile wound with scrotal flap.Methods Twenty-one cases of penile skin soft tissue defects were repaired with scrotal flaps.Clean wounds were performed primary repair.Polluted wounds were repaired after debridement.Infected wounds were repaired by second intention after infection was controlled and necrotic tissue completely ablated.The donor sites of flaps were sutured directly.Results One wound splited because of unexcreting urine,and the rest flaps were primarily survived.All patients were followed up from 6 months to 6 years.The color,texture and appearance of the flaps were good.Conclusion The scrotal skin has abundant blood supply and good extensibility.The donor sites of flaps can be sutured directly.It is an easy,safe and effective protocol in repairing penile wound.


The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a military positioning and navigation system that, like all radio navigation systems, will also be used by the civil community. The system has just completed a transition from the development phase into production. In order to speculate on how the GPS will look in the year 2000 and beyond, a determination must first be made on how the system will look in the 1990s after it has become fully operational and has gained some maturity. As the system is being fielded and after it is operational, certain pressures will be exerted to change the system. These pressures will tend to make it change, and various types of change could occur. These potential changes will be examined primarily from the point of view of the civil use of GPS. The pressures come from at least four sources: the military needs of GPS, money, technological innovation and user requirements. These pressures could also cause changes to occur in the various GPS plans and policies associated with civil use. The pressures and/or new policies and plans could affect the GPS hardware and software. In addition to system or policy changes, new applications of GPS will surface and new ways of installing and integrating GPS on various platforms will emerge.


The catalysts of HPA/TiO_2-WO_3 by heteropolyacid supported on mixed metal oxides was prepared and using it as catalyst on synthesis of tributyl citrate was also studied and then the optimum condition of synthesising tributyl citrate are abtained.It shows that HPA/TiO_2-WO_3 is an excellent catalyst, when the mole ratio of alcohol to acid is 3.75∶1,the dosage of catalyst is 1.0%, reaction time is 1.5 h, the yield of the tributyl citrate can reach 92.4%.


The paper expounds the concept and techni-economic features of palletized through transportation,analyzes the application of pallet in transportation in China and the main influencing factors,on the basis of which,it argues the urgency of the promotion of palletized through transportation and proposes the basic strategy from the aspects of conducive operation and management environment and competent palletization technology,etc.


Purpose: To estimate the incidence of hip-spine syndrome patients who received both hip and spine surgeries in Taiwan. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Taiwan's National Health Institute Research Database Patient Sample: Taiwan's National Health Institute Research Database provided a total of 596,808 patients from 2002 to 2005. Outcome measures: Patients who underwent a hip surgery after a spine surgery within 25 months were definite as a Secondary Hip-Spine Syndrome patient. Results: Within 25 months, 14 patients had been treated for total hip replacement after a spine surgery; among the 14 patients having secondary hip spine syndrome, neurosurgeons carried out an ineffective treatment on seven of them while the remaining 7 cases had theirs implemented by orthopedic surgeons. The average of 20.4 months had been recorded as regards the interval between the first and last complaints of total hip replacement. 11 cases, which can be estimated to be 78% of the entire sample of patients, exhibited delayed diagnosis of femoral heads' necroses. Conclusion: Secondary hip-syndrome patients received both hip and spine surgeries constituted approximately 3% in spine surgery and 2.4% in hip surgery.


Background Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum by a foreign body in children is rarely reported and is usually associated with localized or generalized fibropurulent peritonitis. Case Presentation The authors encountered such a case in a 4-year-old boy with perforation of Meckel's diverticulum by a piece of peanut presenting as a mesentery abscess. The diverticulum was wide-based and histology showed a transmural perforation at the tip of the diverticulum. Conclusion Local inflammation due to irritation of the foreign body and progressive pressure necrosis at the tip of the diverticulum may be the pathogenesis of mesentery abscess. A search of the English literature did not reveal any similar case.


Plans to raise the Ross Dam on the Skagit River by the American utility, City Light, will flood a valley in Canada and have generated a conflict of resource use between conservationists and proponents of economic progress. This paper examines the variety of uses of the valley at present, and their expansion for recreational use by modest improvements. Such expanded use is compared with uses available if the valley is flooded. The comparison is expressed in economic terms. The paper then continues with a critique of economic analysis to such problems of resource allocation and develops an approach to ecological resource allocation. A schedule and analysis of alternative uses is offered. The economic and ecological conclusions are examined, and it is found that the latter method is more appropriate to practical problems of allocation, at least with regard to natural resources than the former.


The article dwells on the comparative analysis of semantic structure of root adjectives of colour in English, Tajik and Russian, The author proceeds from modern conceptions on the given problem in the compared languages, she differentiates adjectives, which designate basic colours and colour hues. According to the result of the analysis the author notes that the studied group of the adjectives have differentiated character in the way of expression: derivative adjectives, composites and word combinations correspond to the root adjectives of colour in compared languages. In individual cases root adjectives of basic colours correspond to colour hues.


In this paper we propose an online method for routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) in flex-grid optical networks, which aims at maximizing of a definable reward objective (e.g. carried traffic, economic revenue). The method is based on the theory of Markov Decision Processes (MDP). Connections are admitted and established depending on the traffic load (network state) and on the expected reward increase they bring to the network. In particular, for any incoming request, the routing component of the method recommends the lightpath that yields the highest reward gain in the network. The admission control function accepts the connection if the lightpath gain is positive. A policy iteration algorithm is executed to determine the optimal path and optical channel for each incoming connection request. The method is evaluated for different network scenarios. Furthermore, it is shown how it can provide differentiated grade of service (GoS) for individual connection classes.


Description was made to the features of ultra high-voltage power net line protection with detailed introduction to differential protection, same pole transmission line protection line's line wave protection and line distance protection's present study situation in modern microcomputer protection.This paper pointed that due to the impacts of line distribution parameters and complicated operation environment, ultra high-voltage power net line microcomputer protection is faced with challenges.


In 1915, when Maud Allan was in Hollywood making a full-length silent feature film titled The Rugmaker's Daughter, the dancer's artistry was internationally acknowledged. She had just completed an eighteen-month tour of the Far East. In California the American film industry was bustling and doubtless its new entrepreneurs believed Allan's work marketable. Yet although the film itself has vanished, an examination of the reviews reveals quite a lot about its star.


The problem in this study is to present as accurately as possible the status of the Saint Jo Elementary School in Saint Jo, Texas, and to suggest recommendations for the improvement of this school.


Within integrated apple scab control there is a strong focus on reduction of Venturia inaequalis primary inoculum. The hypothesis that leaf shredding as an orchard sanitation practice would reduce the effective population size of the fungus (resulting in lower genetic variation due to reduction in sexual offspring) was tested. Assuming the allele causing fungicide resistance is already present in the population, it will be widely distributed at the end of the season, since selection occurs when the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide was applied. For short-term disease management a reduction of inoculum size, (i.e. potential ascospore dose) is most important. In the long-term resistant isolates/genotypes would be less likely to survive the winter and/or to infect in the spring, if that inoculum (i.e. in fallen leaves) has been removed. To sustain the use of highly effective synthetic fungicides, such as the DMIs, fungicide resistance management practices have to be evaluated. Fungicide resistance, which negatively affects pathogen fitness, is hypothetically reversible, if the selection pressure by the fungicide is removed. This study quantified the effect of leaf shredding on changes in the pathogen's flusilazole sensitivity and population genetic structure using SSR markers. Venturia inaequalis populations in orchard trials, where sanitation practices had been applied, were tested for flusilazole sensitivity in planta and in vitro. Significant shifts towards flusilazole resistance were identified in orchards with a history of DMI application without sanitation treatment, with a mean sensitivity of EC50= 0.208 ug/ml (n=49) compared to an unexposed V. inaequalis population (EC50= 0.104 ug/ml, n=55). However, the isolates from the same sanitation trial orchards, from leaf shredding treatment in combination with a fungicide spray programme, had a mean EC50 of 0.110 ug/ml (n=41), similar to an unexposed V. inaequalis population. Furthermore, V. inaequalis offspring after sanitation treatment, showed shifts in microsatellite allele frequency distribution patterns used as an indicator of sexual reproduction. This study concludes that sanitation treatments, i.e. leaf shredding, impact on fungicide sensitivity and therefore effectively contributes to fungicide resistance management.


This study aims to identify the nature of the security theory and its relation to the Administrative governor, it also aims to determine the nature of the external and internal challenges and their impact on the security of the state. As well as, the study intended to shed light on the powers of the governor and his ability to deal with these challenges and reducing its impact on the security of the state.
To achieve the objectives of the study, it relied on systems methodology because security is affected by a number of internal and external factors, where external stimulus or input devices based on the study of these factors and gather information, which will be analyzed and classified, as this process is called (systems approach). It also based on the decision – making methodology, because of it's the impact on the governor in dealing with internal challenges and his decision-making ability to face those challenges. The research also relies on the major such as books, studies, previous studies, opinion polls, websites and newspapers.
The study found that concept of "security" in its general from is relative and variable concept, which expands and narrows according to its addressing methods. Additionally, it is a compound concept with several levels (individual, national, regional and international) and diverse dimensions (military, political, economic, social, humanitarian, environmental and cognitive). The study also concluded that the availability of the sense of security serves several objectives, most importantly, protecting achievements, providing public tranquility and the protection of human rights.


Management literature defines 'Return on Investment' (ROI) as a measure of financial effectiveness that is concerned with the returns on capital employed in business (profit-making) activities. In public relations practitioner parlance, however, ROI appears to be used in a much looser form to indicate the results of activity.
There have been reports into the role of ROI in PR measurement (CIPR 2004) which disputed whether ROI had real meaning in the public relations context. Watson 2005 found that the term was not widely used or recognised in academic discourse. Professional literature and practitioner discourse (cf. European Measurement Summits and the IPR Summits on Measurement), however, clearly show that ROI is a term widely used, if not tightly defined. As well, Likely, Rockland & Weiner (2007) proposed alternatives to ROI with four models which each has a 'Return on' prefix.
This mixed method research investigates the practitioner understanding of the term with the aim of bringing best practice in public relations measurement together with the language of public relations and corporate communications practice. The initial sample will be taken from the UK. It is planned that it will be expanded internationally to central Europe, the Far East and North America.


ABSTRACT The cultivation of native and exotic species intercropped in an agroforestry system raises the interest for information on the properties of wood. Therefore, different methods are being tested to improve the technological properties of this material, including drying, which causes changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the wood. The present study investigated the influence of drying on the physical and mechanical properties of wood from tree species grown in an agroforestry system. Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake (hybrid), and Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake were the species selected for the study. Three 9-year-old individuals of each of the species were obtained from an agroforestry system. Thirty wood samples (2.5 × 2.5 × 41 cm) were extracted from each species. The wood samples were divided between temperature treatments; 6 samples were used for each heat treatment (control, 120, 150, 180, and 210 °C), which were then dried for two hours in an oven (with forced air circulation). Following the heat treatment, the mechanical properties of wood samples were evaluated to determine the modulus of elasticity and rupture, the tension in the proportional limit, and maximum force according to the ASTM D-143-94 (2000) standard. Finally, the physical properties of the retractability of the wood samples were evaluated according to the NBR 7190 (ABNT, 1997) standard. Specimens used to analyze this variable came from sections of the wood (sample dimensions: 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 cm) not affected by the static bending test. Our findings indicate that, for all species investigated in this study, drying alters the physical and mechanical properties of the wood, with the most significant changes occurring at temperatures between 120 and 180 °C.


Anthropological interest in science fiction derives from the fact that works of science fiction, while depicting imaginary worlds, actually speak about existing human communities. This paper looks at how misanthropy is communicated in science fiction works, specifically, in Borislav Pekić's novel Atlantis (Atlantida), first published in 1988, and the TV series Battlestar Galactica, which originally aired between 2003 and 2009. The theme of both works is essentially the same: the end of human history in its present form and the attempt to create a better civilization, all of this resulting from a long-standing conflict between humans and their biggest historical mistake – robots. The subject matter of the two works is also the same: having reached a high level of technological and spiritual development, humans design robots to replace them first in the most difficult jobs, and then in everyday tasks; the robots develop self-awareness and rise against their makers, and then come to believe that they should replace people and rectify all the errors and shortcomings they have identified in them as beings and also in their social development and organization, and eventually achieve deification by surpassing their makers and initiating their own independent and – compared to humans – more just history. The novel and the series have in common, not only with each other but also with many other science fiction works, a pessimistic view of human existence: a proneness to corruptibility in terms of morals and actions as a human characteristic, and its embedding and presence in the modes of human cultural thought and social organization and actions, represent a distinct, misanthropic thematic dimension in science fiction. This is particularly apparent when the acts of othering and institutional inflicting of evil on Others are considered. This is contrary to the humanistic ideal of humanity as an essential, ennobling quality of human beings. Science fiction works that problematize misanthropy as a sociocultural category suggest that human society reflects human nature: human communities are a product of human mental and material organization, and thus the lack of agreement between proclaimed social and cultural values and corresponding behavior represents a product of human thought and actions. What follows from this in Battlestar Galactica and Atlantis is that robots are like people: they know of no values other than human ones, hence their society is similar to human societies. They strive to evolve and thus distance themselves from their makers, yet it turns out that their patterns of behaviour towards Others and their tendency to other those among them who do not think like them or refuse to behave like them, are identical to those of humans.


This paper argues that extensive reliance on formal methods to design security for computer based systems within modern business organizations falls short of fulfilling the purpose. The argument is conducted by evaluating various formal methods and reviewing the nature and scope of modern organizations. Since models are abstractions of reality, this paper presents an outline of the necessity conditions, restrictions and the nature and scope of the applicability because of the abstractions.