Abstract : A project was undertaken to develop and test an all-dielectric compact optical cable for low fiber count applications. Cables were made utilizing 900 micron tight buffer fiber and a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) grooved spacer with continuous helical grooves. These cables exhibited superior crush and impact resistance which are traits sought after in many applications. The primary result of this project was to demonstrate the advantages and feasibility of FRP grooved spacer cables. (Author)


This study aims to examine the relationship between demographic information and science literacy in the daily life of people living in Edirne City Center of Turkey. The relational survey model was used in quantitative research methods in the research. The data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the researcher questioning the demographic information of the participants and the science literacy scale. The developed questionnaires and scales were applied to 125 people. Quantitative data collected from questionnaires and scales were analyzed using SPSS software. Then, these data obtained were evaluated as chi-square analysis, One Way ANOVA, and t-test, and the results were presented using tables. As a result of the data analysis, it has been revealed that the participants' demographic information and daily science literacy differ according to their reading habits, watching documentaries, reading newspapers, being registered in scientific publications, educational status, and profession.


We present the first experimental demonstration of a new fiber-chip grating coupler concept that exploits the blazing effect by interleaving deep and shallow etch trenches to maximize directionality. The grating couplers were fabricated using both 193 nm deep-ultraviolet lithography and electron beam lithography. The measured peak fiber-chip coupling efficiency is -1.8 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm, with a 3 dB bandwidth of 52 nm.


Let Σ be a compact oriented 2-manifold (possibly with boundary), and let GΣ be the linear span of free homotopy classes of closed oriented curves on Σ equipped with the Goldman Lie bracket [·, ·]Goldman defined in terms of intersections of curves. A theorem of Goldman gives rise to a Lie homomorphism Φeven from (GΣ, [·, ·]Goldman) to functions on the moduli space of flat connections MΣ(G) for G = U(N), GL(N), equipped with the Atiyah-Bott Poisson bracket. The space GΣ also carries the Turaev Lie cobracket δTuraev defined in terms of self-intersections of curves. In this paper, we address the following natural question: which geometric structure on moduli spaces of flat connections corresponds to the Turaev cobracket? We give a constructive answer to this question in the following context: for G a Lie supergroup with an odd invariant scalar product on its Lie superalgebra, and for nonempty ∂Σ, we show that the moduli space of flat connectionsMΣ(G) carries a natural Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) structure, given by an explicit combinatorial Fock-Rosly formula. Furthermore, for the queer Lie supergroup G = Q(N), we define a BV-morphism Φodd : ∧ GΣ → Fun(MΣ(Q(N))) which replaces the Goldman map, and which captures the information both on the Goldman bracket and on the Turaev cobracket. The map Φodd is constructed using the "odd trace" function on Q(N). ∗Section of Mathematics, University of Geneva, Rue du Conseil-Général 7-9, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland email@example.com †School of Mathematics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland firstname.lastname@example.com ‡School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, U.K. firstname.lastname@example.com §No affiliation, email@example.com 1 ar X iv :2 21 0. 08 94 4v 1 [ m at h. Q A ] 1 7 O ct 2 02 2


We summarize the recent results of our survey of the nearest nuclear star clusters. The purpose of the survey is to understand nuclear star cluster formation mechanisms and constrain the presence of black holes using adaptive optics assisted integral field spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and HST imaging in 13 galaxies within 5 Mpc. We discuss the formation history of the nuclear star cluster and possible detection of an intermediate mass BH in NGC 404, the nearest S0 galaxy.


This study reports the effect of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) at low DO on simultaneous nitritation-denitritation and enhanced biological phosphorus removal process. DPAOs were enriched in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic condition with an active DPAO population of about 30%. The nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) washout from the nitrifying sludge was obtained in a separate SBR operated under anoxic-aerobic conditions. At a 1:1 ratio of nitrifying to DPAOs sludge neither nitrogen nor phosphorus removal was significantly affected at DO limited condition (0.5 mg/L DO). However, as DPAOs to nitrifiers population ratio was further increased to 1:4, the effect of low DO was found to be more significant on nitrification than P-removal. This signifies the competitive advantages of DPAOs over nitrifiers under DO limited condition.


: Reading is a complex process that requires the ability to recognize the letter composition of a word, to establish a connection with other words, to convey the meaning of what is being read correctly intonationally. In the process of developing a full-fledged reading skill, students should develop such qualities as correctness, fluency, consciousness and expressiveness. The problem of teaching reading is one of the most relevant in modern pedagogical and psychological literature. This is due to its great practical importance. This article examines the methodological conditions for organizing effective teaching to read for students with disabilities. The methods of teaching children with disabilities to read are considered.


We give a topological characterization of postsingularly finite topological exponential maps, i.e., universal covers g:C → C∗ such that 0 has a finite orbit. Such a map either is Thurston equivalent to a unique holomorphic exponential map λez, or it has a topological obstruction called a degenerate Levy cycle. This is the first analog of Thurston's topological characterization theorem of rational maps [DH] for the case of infinite degree. One main tool is a theorem about the distribution of mass of an integrable quadratic differential with given number of poles, providing an almost compact space of models for the entire mass of quadratic differentials.


To assist the design of ground heat exchangers the thermal response test method is usually performed. In its traditional version the thermal response test data are compared with the line source model solution to restore the soil thermal conductivity and the borehole thermal resistance. This approach requires that a steady-state thermal condition is approached and, consequently, it may need up to about 50 hours to be carried out. Promising approaches can be found within parameter estimation procedures supported by 3-D numerical tools. They allow the reduction of the test duration, since they perform a more realistic description of the system's behaviour especially in the early regime. In this paper, a versatile parameter estimation procedure based on a 3-D numerical model of a geothermal system is presented. The procedure is aimed to restore the value of both the soil thermal conductivity and the borehole thermal resistance, by using only the first few hours of the thermal response test data. The approach is validated by comparison with a medium-scale set of experimental laboratory data.


This paper deals with fuzzy logic controllers. Our interest is in studying different techniques of defuzzification methods. In particular, we propose a generalization of the WABL method to the multiple output system controller. We give a numerical realization, and we show the advantages of this method compared to other defuzzification methods (MOM, COG, WAF,\ldots) through an application for intelligent control of air conditioners.


In order to establish pathological model of chickens' infectious laryngotracheitis by artificial infection with simulating natural methods.80 days old Jingfen chickens were randomly divided into 1 blank control group and 3 experimental groups with 10-4,10-5,10-6 dosages,20 chickens per group in this paper.The chickens' infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV) was droped into chickens' larynx and trachea through mouth.To be observed the clinical results and statistic the incidence of the disease and the mortality.The results indicate that the 10-4group's delitescence was 1 to 8 days,incidence of the disease was 100%,death rate was 10%;the 10-5group's delitescence was 2 to 8 days,incidence of the disease was 100%,death rate was 5%;the 10-6group's delitescence was 4 to 9 days,incidence of the disease was 90%,death rate was 0%.Per experimental group all can show the same clinical symptoms and pathologic symptom.But the 10-5group is more typical and accord ing with natural infection.So the 10-5group can be used as the artificial pathologic model.


Volume 8 contains the edited papers presented at the 1988 Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation meeting. The 288 papers discuss such topics as fundamental techniques as acoustic testing, eddy current testing, and x-ray radiography; advanced techniques using x-ray computed tomography and laser ultrasonics; interpretive signal and image processing using expert systems and adaptive analysis; NDE probes and sensors and NDE systems and instrumentation; materials process control and inspection reliability including human factors. Materials discussed range from electronic circuit materials, coatings, adhesive bonds, smart structures, composite materials, welded joints, ferrous materials, and steels and alloys. Stress, texture, structural and fracture properties of materials are characterized using various NDE techniques. Applications to reactor, aircraft, and space vehicle components are investigated.


In this paper Spathiphyllum sensation was used as the main test material to study the technology of hydroponic culture.The different concentrations of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) treatment were adopted to induce aquatic root system.After the water-cultivated-root grown,different nutrient solutions were used to culture the plantlet of Spathiphyllum sensation in order to find suitable nutrient solutions.The results showed that the best concentration of NAA was 100 mg/kg for induction of root and the half of Japanese garden nutrient solution was suitable to promoting Spathiphyllum sensation growth and development.


Due to drastic socio-economic changes traditional intercropping systems in China are endangered. New high yielding intercropping systems that can easily be mechanized have to be developed. By using environmental resources more efficiently intercropping often produces higher yields compared to monocropping. Solar radiation as the strongest growth factor plays a key role when designing new intercropping systems. A Chinese cabbage – maize strip intercropping experiment was run at Hohenheim University's research station "Ihinger Hof" in 2009. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured regularly in the strips in different distances to the neighboring maize plants. However continuous and simultaneous measurements and thus the direct quantification of differences in daily available PAR were not possible. By adjusting polynomials to the measured timelines and defining sunrise and sunset as the interval borders the integrals of each polynomial could be calculated. Daily PAR was significantly reduced in the first three rows of Chinese cabbage grown next to maize; with the lowest values of 70% and 56% in row one west and east respectively. Reduced PAR led to significant yield decreases in these Chinese cabbage rows. To optimize the spacing in a maize/Chinese cabbage intercropping system PAR availability and tolerance of shading of the subordinate crop will be decisive.


OBJECTIVE We compared the uptake of telemedicine for diabetes care across multiple demographic groups during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic to understand the impact of telemedicine adoption on access to care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study analyzed demographic information of patients with type 1 diabetes seen between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2020 at a single center. We compared the odds of completing a visit via telemedicine across multiple demographic characteristics. RESULTS Among 28,977 patient visits, the odds of completing a visit via telemedicine were lower among non-English-speaking (1.7% vs. 2.7%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.45, 95% CI 0.26–0.79) and Medicaid-insured (32.0% vs. 35.9%; aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.95) pediatric patients. No clinically significant differences were observed for other demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Rapid transition to telemedicine did not significantly impact access to diabetes care for most demographic groups. However, disparities in access to care for historically marginalized groups merit close attention to ensure that use of telemedicine does not exacerbate these inequities.


The past 15 years have witnessed a steep growth in world trade. Almost half of that growth is due to the increased integration of the European economies, The European Union's (EU) decisions to complete the single market and move towards a common currency have created a single set of rules governing economic activity in Europe. We argue that these changes imply a process of 'Europeanization' of Europe's economies. As a result, the largest European corporations have increasingly focused their investments across Europe and worked to gain market share within the EU. Our results imply that at least part of what we call globalization is the result of states' deciding to build rules for market integration in Europe. States continue to play an essential role in market building.


We prove the nonexistence of circulant Hadamard matrices H of order n > 4 under the truth of some congruences (mod 2) extending a result of Brualdi. The new idea consists of exploiting modular properties of a related circulant weighing matrix of order n/2.


Through an analysis of tractor traction balance, a mathematical model which can easily calculate the traction force and efficiency of tractors under different operating conditions was built up, this model offers a basis for tractor-implement matching. Bases on above analyses, the best efficiency rating value was deduced and the traction characteristic curve was also plotted, this study provides a theoretical basis for tractor traction characteristic research.


This thesis presents the fabrication and characterization of a tubular Dielectric Electro-Active Polymer (DEAP) actuator system using different biasing mechanisms. DEAPs are attractive in the aerospace community due to their light weight, low electrical power consumption and no noise. A biasing mechanism is needed to supply the DEAP actuator with an optimal pre-load, and its design has a major impact on the overall actuator performance. The biasing elements considered are a conventional linear positive-stiffness bias (PSB) spring, and a constant force bias (CFB) spring. These biasing elements are paired with a roll DEAP actuator and experimentally tested under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions with a focus on the stroke and blocked force capabilities. The experimental results indicate improvement in stroke using a CFB element but at the cost of blocked force. Work potential is found higher using a PSB than a CFB mechanism.


Ten years after aneurysms have started being treated with GDC coils, the debate on coils versus clips still exists and will probably exist for a long time. This is my impression if I trust the recent discussions that we had in various neurosurgical meetings around the world since the primary results of the ISAT are known. Before we knew those results, the major argument was that there was no real scientific data that proved the benefit of coiling. Neither the retrospective nor the prospective studies published were convincing enough for those who refuse to open their eyes and their mind.

Now we have data coming from a randomized study which is supposed to be "the proof" scientifically speaking. But some people don't care, they just criticise and here are some examples: "Of the 9559 patients only 2143 were randomised! The results are biased just because the population of patients is too selected-Or-The clinical follow-up data was done through questionnaires sent by mail which is too subjective so a patient can easily move from the (some restriction in life style) group to the (significant restriction in life style) group".

Of course those critics are not scientifically founded. Those who criticize either defend corporatism or misunderstand the primary conclusion of the ISAT study. This study does not pretend to demonstrate that coiling should replace clipping, it just says that in case a patient seems to be a good candidate for both techniques, after one year follow-up, the clinical status of the patient is significantly better after endovascular treatment and that's all.

Everybody knows that depending on the personal experience of a given team the appreciation of what's possible to achieve can be completely different. Due to the youth of endovascular approach (routine approach since 1995-1996) the neuroradiological analysis has probably underestimated the feasibility of the technique especially regarding middle cerebral artery aneurysms. On the other hand the neurosurgical analysis has probably overestimated the feasibility of the technique. The dramatic evolution of the quality of the angiographic screening (3D angio) is also too young and for that reason the criteria to make a selection for one or the other treatment was at the time of the study more restrictive than it is currently. If the study was started today, I bet that 70 to 80% of aneurysms would be considered suitable for coiling.

But there is one thing that would have never been known without this study. It is the rate of early rebleeding after clipping. Yes the early rebleeding rate is a little bit higher after coiling (especially when you input to coiling the rebleeding due to the delay to get Surgery after failure of embolisation), but it was supposed to be zero after clipping ! Just for this, modesty and humility are probably better on both sides.

The conclusion of the ISAT study was already perceived for several years (around 70% of aneurysms are coiled in Europe) by most of the Neurosur- geons in Europe and as an Interventional Neuroradiologist I would like to take this opportunity to thank our European Neurosurgeons colleagues for being so objective and open minded. Having said that, it does not explain why some Neurosurgical teams, around the world, keep on clipping 70 to 80% of the berry aneurysms despite the fact they claim that aneurysms treatment is a symbiotic approach with Interventional Neuroradiologists. The "privilege" to admit Patients, which belongs historically to the clinical services, does not mean having rights on Patients. Man power and culture of ego is for sure not the only explanation for continuing clipping aneurysms. Perhaps the explanation is conflict of interest that is to say money. One of the reasons to raise this question is just common sense: The countries where clipping is still the main option for aneurysms treatment are also the one where money is involved. Still more malicious is the manoeuvre of the same group of Neurosurgeons to try to "grab" Interventional procedures to be done in their own department? Is there another option to explain why on one hand one refuses a gift officially and on the other hand one try to get it officiously?

How long times will this situation persist after the ISAT results? This is the main concern. How much energy is going to be screwed up to reject or put the discredit on ISAT data in the coming years?

On the other hand, in some European countries whose France is the leader, the health care administration does not recognise coiling of aneurysms as being medically and financially a treatment by itself. This administration keeps on giving much more "weight" to neurosurgical approach compared to endovascular approach in the manner coiling is calculated for evaluation of the neuroradiological activity. This administration does not care about the high level of Doctor's expertise, about the cost of the sophisticated angiographic equipment, about the cost of the disposable material that we need for endovascular treatment. Are the comfort and the safety of the patients still a concern for this administration? This is another way to screw up the technique and probably worse than the way some Neurosurgeons behave just because it is not more ethical but much more cagey.

There is no doubt that one cannot move back. Endovascular technique is definitely established and will continue to be more and more efficient and safe. It is now our concern as Interventional Neuroradiologists to teach and train Doctors to become competent in the daily work for the benefit of the Patient. But we also have to make these Doctors remember that they are not technicians specialised in aneurysms treatment, but Doctors in charge of Patients.

The Neuroradiologists have to take a much more active part in the Patient's care. For the time being it is still the weak point in a lot of interven- tional centres around the world. The decision to treat (why, when and how) does not belong any more to one single team which has the "privilege of beds" it does belong to a multidisciplinary approach whose goal is to give the Patient a treatment which fits with the current gold standard, and the current gold standard in intracranial aneurysms treatment is coiling or rather en- dovascular treatment.


Noradrenaline levels have been suggested to be one of the abnormalities causing primary affective disorders (PAD). GH levels have been evaluated after Diazepam, Naloxone and Diazepam and Naloxone together in women with PAD and in normal subjects. The findings evidenced GABA and Opioid Peptides involvement in catecholamines disorders observed in PAD


John Dewey's private life has been relatively unexplored by biographers, historians, and students of his philosophy, in large measure because the sources are so limited. Yet there are aspects of his private experience that are available to us, and analyzing them more closely than we have might well serve to enhance our understanding of the man and his thought. This article argues that one of the most significant and best documented moments in Dewey's private life, his love affair with writer Anzia Yezierska, sheds considerable light not only on Dewey's character but also on the strengths and weaknesses of his philosophical conception of the moral life.


An adaptive framework paradigm where the bandwidth values of the ongoing calls vary according to the traffic situations is one of the promising concepts for overcoming poor resource conditions due to handoffs in mobile cellular networks. However, quantifying the level of bandwidth degradation of the ongoing calls in an adaptive framework is important in view of Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. Therefore we introduce new QoS parameters, the Degradation Degree Ratio (DDR), which represents the average portion of the degradation degree during degradation period of a call, and the Degradation Area Ratio (DAR), which represents the average ratio of a call's degradation level considering both the period and the degree of degradation jointly in multi-level bandwidth service. We also develop a new analytical model for estimating the QoS measures such as the Degradation Period Ratio (DPR), DDR and DAR. We show how to calculate the QoS measures and illustrate the method by numerical examples. The proposed model can be used to determine the optimal parameter of the CAC scheme and analyze the sensitivity of the QoS parameters in adaptive networks.


: With the continuous progress of technologies such as lasers, electronics, and computers, their practical applications have also made great progress. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is currently one of the most promising quantum teleportation technologies and a hot topic in the field of secure communication. The purpose of this article was to study the application of quantum teleportation technology in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). This article fully explained the concept, principles, and methods of quantum teleportation technology, deeply understood the absolute security attributes of quantum teleportation technology, and then pointed out its practical operability in the field of information security by introducing its development status and application prospects. Based on the security needs of the IoV and considering the shortcomings of existing security protection technologies, the risks of the IoV and the urgent need for high security of information technology were highlighted. A persistent and secure bidirectional authenticated QKD protocol was proposed, and simulation experiments were conducted on the NS-2.45 network simulation platform. The experimental results showed that the average time cost of this scheme was only 0.11 seconds when the number of vehicles was 10. Compared with other similar schemes, this scheme had lower overhead.


This paper presents simple, flexible and effective approximation method for fractional order lead-lag compensators. The proposed method relies on a Padé approximation of linear fractional order transfer functions, giving rational approximations of order N accurate enough for control applications as soon as N is greater than 2 or 3. An example of feedback loop incorporating this approximation is adopted from the well-known car suspension problem, wherein an iso-damping property of the closed loop response is achieved, with regard to a variation of the vehicle mass.


We discuss halftoning techniques appropriate for matrix-addressed electronic displays, such as thin-film-transistor (TFT) liquid crystal displays, which use color mosaics to implement multi-color operation via space-division-multiplexing. The error propagation method of halftoning is briefly reviewed and extended into the present context. Temporally dynamic techniques are described for rapidly refreshed displays, as is their implementation in digital hardware. Artifact suppression and the use of auxiliary passive light-optical image enhancement techniques are also addressed.


The overall objective of this research effort is to relate fare policies and fare structures to passenger demand characteristics as well as to operating expenses and to determine appropriate methods of addressing fare in transit financing. This report presents the findings of a three year research effort. It includes a survey of literature on fare policies and structures throughout the nation. In addition, the report presents the findings of a nation-wide survey of transit properties and deals with fares, ridership, financing, and policy making. Analysis of acquired information show that fare revenues are producing an ever decreasing percentage of operating expenses and, by 1980 will account for less than 40 percent of operating expenses for transit properties nation-wide. The report puts forth arguments for the study of time-varied fares as the most beneficial policy for reducing the financial problems of transit properties while still increasing ridership and also shows that using fare policy/structures to reduce peak vehicles can result in operating cost savings.


Abstract The gametogenic cycles of Pholoe minuta (Fabricius, 1780) and Pholoe cf. anoculata Hartman, 1965, are described. Both species retain gametocytes in the gonads until maturity and gametogenesis in the population is well synchronized allowing a restricted breeding season but the size of gametes at maturity, the time of spawning, and the type of larval development differ between the two species. Pholoe minuta produces small eggs (120–150 µm in diameter), spawns in April, and the larvae have a planktotrophic development. Pholoe cf. anoculata produces large, yolky eggs (180–200 µm in diameter) and the sperm are of the aberrant type with long heads. This species spawns in November and the larvae have a direct lecithotrophic development. Recorded differences in the time of spawning of Pholoe minuta from various localities are discussed.


Numerous staining techniques for neuronal tissue have an inherent unreliability even after elaborate procedures. A non‐methylated thiazin dye, thionin, has been extensively used in the past for neuronal studies. However procedure is not suitable for paraffin embedded tissue. In this study a modification of thionin stain was done for paraffin embedded neuronal tissue.


The automatic understanding of audiovisual content for multimedia retrieval is a difficult task, since the meaning respectively the appearance of a certain event or concept is strongly determined by contextual information. For example, the appearance of a high-level concept, such as e.g. maps or news anchors, is determined by the used editing layout which usually is typical for a certain broadcasting station. In this paper, we show that it is possible to adaptively learn the appearance of certain objects or events for a particular test video utilizing unlabeled data in order to improve a subsequent retrieval process. First, an initial model is obtained via supervised learning using a set of appropriate training videos. Then, this initial model is used to rank shots for each test video v separately. This ranking is used to label the most relevant and most irrelevant shots in a video v for subsequent use as training data in a semi-supervised learning process. Based on these automatically labeled training data, relevant features are selected for the concept under consideration for video v. Then, two additional classifiers are trained on the automatically labeled data of this video. Adaboost and Support Vector Machines (SVM) are incorporated for feature selection and ensemble classification. Finally, the newly trained classifiers and the initial model form an ensemble. Experimental results on TRECVID 2005 video data demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed learning scheme for certain high-level concepts.


Respiratory impairment results from primary disease of the lungs / airways or from impairment of the respiratory muscles. The proper identification of the respiratory impairment allows for proper management to decrease morbidity and mortality. Patients with neuromuscular impairment typically have hypoventilation or ventilator insufficiency/failure resulting in hypercapnia, hypoxia and an ineffective cough. In contrast, lung and airway diseases are characterized by hypoxia with eucapnia or hypocapnia, which often occur during an exacerbation resulting in acute respiratory failure (ARF). Often physicians evaluate and treat both as respiratory insufficiency/failure.


Oncologic resection of palatal neoplasms will predictably lead to significant oral dysfunction, affecting both speech intelligibility and deglutition. The resulting velopharyngeal insufficiency may be corrected with the fabrication of an obturator or by flap reconstruction. The use of obturators is associated with a decrease in operating time and elimination of flap donor site morbidity, whether regional or distant. Disadvantages associated with a prosthesis include a prolonged fabrication process of up to 1 year and the high cost, as well as the need for regular removal and cleaning by the patient. Alternatively, flap reconstruction provides for immediate and permanent correction of the oronasal communication, but increases operating room time and is associated with the possibility of donor morbidity at the flap harvest site. The pedicled osteomyocutaneous mandible flap has shown utility in the reconstruction of composite mandibular defects. 1 Its use as a method of reconstructing the hard palate represents a novel application of this flap, which is described herein using an illustrative case example.


Introduction Patients with both major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in addition to one or multiple comorbid non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) face unique challenges. However, few studies have characterized how the burden of co-occurring MDD and GAD differs from that of only MDD or only GAD among patients with NCCDs. Methods In this study, we used Medical Expenditures Panel Survey data from 2010–2017 to understand how the economic and humanistic burden of co-occurring MDD and GAD differs from that of MDD or GAD alone among patients with NCCDs. We used generalized linear models to investigate this relationship and controlled for patient sociodemographics and clinical characteristics. Results Co-occurring MDD and GAD was associated with increases in mean annual per patient inpatient visits, office visits, emergency department visits, annual drug costs, and total medical costs. Among patients with 3+ NCCDs, MDD or GAD only was associated with lower odds ratios (ORs) of limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs; 0.532 and 0.508, respectively) and social (0.503, 0.526) and physical limitations (0.613, 0.613) compared to co-occurring MDD and GAD. Compared to patients with co-occurring MDD and GAD, having MDD only or GAD only was associated with significantly lower odds of cognitive limitations (0.659 and 0.461, respectively) in patients with 1–2 NCCDs and patients with 3+ NCCDs (0.511, 0.416). Discussion Comorbid MDD and GAD was associated with higher economic burden, lower quality of life, and greater limitations in daily living compared to MDD or GAD alone. Health-related economic and humanistic burden increased with number of NCCDs.


This introduction presents each of the papers included in the book while also providing the rationale for including the given paper in the book. The book reveals conditions for, processes on and outcomes of entrepreneurship in Sri Lanka. Before these issues are addressed, this introduction discusses the theoretical footings for the book. The introduction chapter ends with a discussion on the interdisciplinary nature of entrepreneurship and how this influence entrepreneurship education.


1) Animals, as a part of nature, have much influence on children's emotional development and are one of children's favorite subjects of design. This study analyzes the differences in animal expression methods and types of animals, in relation to gender and item based on a collection of children's clothing and accessories that use animal as their theme. The collection consists of 148 clothing and 75 accessories (total of 223 items), which were collected from on-line shopping sites for children's clothes. Analysis results showed the following observations. Animal expression was categorized into four methods: emblem, illustration, character, and pattern.(The most common method was character, followed by pattern, illustration, and emblem. In relation to gender and clothing item, animal expression methods varied widely:(character was the most popular for) boys' t-shirts and accessories, while girls' bottoms and dresses. As for (animal) types, Mammalia was the most common, followed by birds and insects. Dogs and puppies were popular both genders.(However, differences in preferences existed as) boys liked big and wild animals such as bears, tigers, and foxes, while girls liked small and cute animals such as rabbits, cats, owls, and butterflies. Based on these results, six types of animals (rabbits, elephants, large-beaked bird Toco Toucans, fish, penguins, and bees) were selected as themes for kids' vest designs and, among them, three designs were made.


Unmethylated CpG‐ODN are known to enhance Th1‐type immune response. However, optimal sequences of CpG‐ODN for activating Th1‐type immune cells vary among species. It is necessary to identify the effective CpG‐ODN sequences in each species. In the present study, in order to identify the sequences of CpG‐ODN that produce fIFN‐γ in cats, 14 kinds of ODN were synthesized and examined regarding their ability to induce fIFN‐γ in feline PBMC and splenocytes. It was shown that some CpG‐ODN significantly induced fIFN‐γ production in splenocytes, but not in PBMC. We found that three kinds of CpG‐ODN (no. 2, 5′‐ggTGCATCGATGCAGggggG‐3′; no. 5, 5′‐ggTGCGTCGACGCAGggggG‐3′; no. 10, 5′‐ggTGCTACGTAGCAGggggG‐3′) specifically and significantly induced fIFN‐γ production in feline splenocytes. The reverse sequences, GpC‐ODN, do not cause significant fIFN‐γ production. The fIFN‐γ production inductivity of a mixture of CpG‐ODN nos. 2, 5 and 10 was higher than those of individual CpG‐ODN. When the CpG‐ODN mixture was encapsulated in an MCL and administrated to cats, the number of fIFN‐γ+ cells in PBMC significantly increased. CpG‐ODN nos. 2, 5 and 10 should be useful to elicit a Th1‐type immune response as a vaccine adjuvant in cats.


A new spatial multiplexing technique for interferometric optical fibre sensors is reported. It makes use of digital electronic image processing techniques to greatly reduce the number of fibre optical devices in the network system. The basic system set-up and phase-retrieval algorithm are described and a computer simulation of system performance is presented.


Drought is a major abiotic stress that affects seed germination and plant growth in arid and semi-arid regions. Rapeseed is an oilseed crop adapted to Mediterranean area; however, it is reported that it is sensitive to water stress occurring during seed germination. In this study, we investigated how seed germination and early seedling growth of six rapeseed genotypes were influenced by different water stress levels. In addition to the control (absence of drought stress), three drought levels were simulated using three osmotic potentials of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), −9, −10 and −11 bars. A completely randomized design with three replications was used for this experiment. Germination percentage (GP), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot elongation rate (SER) and root elongation rate (RER) were determined to evaluate the genotypes response to PEG-induced drought stress. Results showed drought stress, genotype and interaction stress × genotype had a significant effect on the studied parameters. GP decreased with the increase in stress level. The genotype 'Nap9' was the most interesting, having the highest GP values, namely 63.33, 62.67 and 28% under the stress levels −9, −10 and −11 bars, respectively. The genotype 'H2M-5', which ranked second with respect to this parameter, was statistically comparable to 'Nap9'. Also, SL, RL, SER and RER decreased with the increase in drought stress level. However, the studied genotypes reacted differently to various water stress levels. Once again, the genotype 'H2M-5' exhibited the highest average RL and RER under all drought levels. Particularly, for severe drought conditions (−11 bars), 'H2M-5' had an average RL of 1.54 cm and RER of 0.36 cm/d. Field evaluation under controlled conditions is needed to confirm findings of the present experiment. The mutant 'H2M-5' could be a valuable and promising germplasm for developing a performant and adapted variety to be designed for harsh environments particularly characterized by early drought coinciding with germination and seedling growth stages.


The most productive use of land resources has emerged as a significant challenge for India's food production security in recent years. Soil micro-organisms have been generally assumed to have a beneficial impact on soil fertility and productivity. A sustainable approach to boost crop production and growth is the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), This work primarily aimed to study the influence of some PGPR on promoting crop growth under greenhouse condition and the effects of PGPR on crop yield of foxtail millet under field condition. Initially, the PGPR were isolated from the sorghum rhizosphere using the serial dilution method. The molecular identity of the isolated bacteria was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The strains were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus cereus , and Pantoea Stewart . Foxtail millet seeds were inoculated with bacterial strains and evaluated for shoot and root growth under greenhouse condition, whereas ear-head weight, grain weight, fodder weight, and ear-head length under field condition. According to our findings, foxtail millet produced the highest root and shoot lengths when seeds were inoculated with Bacillus cereus (19.33cm) and Pseudomonas putida (28.66cm), respectively, under greenhouse conditions. On the other hand, among the four bacterial cultures, Bacillus subtilis exhibited the best performance in terms of grain weight (40.42%), ear-head weight (30.19%), fodder weight (49.72%) and ear-head length (42.56%) compared to the control group under field conditions. When considered collectively, the empirical evidences suggests that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria can improve crop growth and production under green house and field conditions, respectively.


This paper critically examines the current state of research on the use of instructional design and development (IDD) procedures to develop work-related training that is inclusive of all age groups. The approach included a Best Evidence Synthesis of books, academic journals, and conference proceedings in the fields of instructional design and technology, training development, and human resource management published since 2000. The review reveals a focus on age-related generalizations about cognition and learning capacity as the basis for design decisions. However, the role of training context and content is unclear, limiting generalizations about design and training effectiveness. Implications for professionals charged with developing and implementing effective training strategies for an increasingly multigenerational workforce are discussed, along with review limitations and opportunities for further research.


Movement education programming specifically for the game constantly hurtling toward the top. In addition to interested persons from various circles and also a lot of people in need of entertainment. Some applications with similar functions emerging as an alternative. With the emergence of various alternatives of bebagai kinds of applications, making users think an extra in selecting the application to be chosen later. Math Game Space Applications were developed using the assistance of Microsoft Visual Basic programming language. NET Framework. VB. NET has the features of object oriented programming language to support inheritance, encapsulation and polymorphis, also equipped with. NET framework SDK (software development kit) that can be used to accelerate the development of applications such Math Game Space. The software used is Visual Basic.Net 2003 and SQL Server 2000 with Windows XP operating system.


The financial facility of development of machinery building in Latgale is expected in manufacturing of electrical and optical equipment and in production of metal and metal ware. At present the proportion of production of leading machinery and equipment non-classified elsewhere, as well as of production of transport means has a tendency to reduce and also they have lesser probability to manage the financial crisis.


Introduction: Mid-diaphyseal anterior tibial stress fractures can be debilitating injuries. They have been described occurring in athletes due to repetitive lower extremity trauma. The purpose of our study was to highlight a case of an athlete sustaining a tibial stress fracture with multiple cortical defects. Case Report: We present an 18-year-old collegiate bound athlete who sustained a tibial stress fracture with multiple cortical defects. The clinical decision, after failure of conservative treatment, was made to treat the patient with tibial intramedullary nailing. She was able to return to full unrestricted activities, including high-level sports participation. Our case report specifically describes a case of a high-level athlete with multiple anterior tibial linear cortical defects from a chronic stress fracture. Conclusion: When conservative management for mid-diaphyseal anterior stress fractures fails, the utilization of prophylactic tibial nailing is a viable option. The decision for surgical intervention is dependent on many factors including patient's activity level and characteristics, failure of conservative management, and radiographic evidence of non-healing stress fractures.


On the basis of investigating infrastructure building and landscaping conditions, landscape effect and ecological effect brought by afforestation were studied. Several problems in afforestation are analyzed, which provide scientific basis and advice for Yangling's urban landscaping.


Objective: To explore the optimal vegimens for the eradication of helicobacter pylori(H.Pylori) Methods:56 patient with duodenal ulcer (Du) all were H.pylori positive joined trial and 50 completed cases were divided into 2 groups. Group A (n=27) were treated with triple therapy of ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) 350mg+amoxicillin 1000mg+furazolidone 100mg bid for 1 week .Group B (n=23) omeprazole 20mg+ clrarithromgcin 500mg+amoxicillin 1000mg bid for 1 week .Results of H.pylori eradication the thing of ulcer healing,clinical symptoms and side effects were observed and recorded . Results: The H.pylori eradication rates in groups A and B were 85.2%?82.5%. Ulcer healing rates were 81.5%?82.5%,percentage of disappearance of abdominal pain at third days were 70.4%?73.4%, and mean time were 4.23+2.5d?3.95+1.9d. The differences were not singificant statistically (P0.05). Mild side effects noted in two groups. but they did not interfere treatment .The cost of anti-HP therapy every patient in group A?B were 102.2 and 355.9 (RMB.yuan). Conclusions:The short-term triple therapy of RBC?Amoxicillin ?Furazolidone are highly effective in active duodenal ulcer with H.pylori infection and the new regimens seems to have better tolance ,compliance and lower cost.


This work was focused on characterization of surface properties of various types of silica used for elastomers. The influence of temperature and length of degassing on the resulting specific surface of silica was studied. Eight types of precipitated and pyrogenic silica samples were investigated in terms of surface characteristics as specific surface, porosity and morphology that directly affects these properties. For characterization was performed using sorption methods, scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy. From the results of the analyzes it was found that the properties of precipitated and pyrogenic silica differ significantly in terms of particle size, structure, porosity and size of specific surfaces. The degassing temperature and time largely influence the behavior of nitrogen adsorption and hence the measurement results.


Melodic comparison is an activity central to the study of music from many times and places. The use of machine-readable information to facilitate such comparison is disclosing significant lapses in our under standing of melody. In ordinary parlance, we often speak of melodies, tunes, and themes interchangeably, but in many repertories it is neither appropriate to consider them to be interchangeable nor is it correct to consider that an incipit represents any of them. Yet the computer process of data comparison could treat any of these melodic phenomena simi larly with just cause. As musical information, they all involve pitch and durational elements. The critical issues, in fact, in machine comparisons concern which attributes to take to be defining. In some computer con texts, ?melody? means a pitch contour devoid of rhythmic information. In others, accentual information, which must be enconded separately from the music itself, may be essential to the recognition of melodies the ear would consider to be similar. The aims of this session were to share proven techniques for the management and analysis of such information, to report results from their use in highly diverse repertories, and to pose theoretical and practi cal questions raised in recent research. The six formal papers presented concentrated on three topics ?melodic segmentation, melodic compari son, and melodic concordances. The formal presentations, which are summarized here, were supplemented by software demonstrations given on April 7 [see Appendix]. The full texts of the presentations will be published separately.


The main part of this Thesis is devoted to the dynamics of entanglement in matter-radiation interaction and circuit QED systems, and its relationship with the notion of causality. Results on non-RWA effects in circuit QED and quantum simulations of relativistic dynamics are also included.


Purpose -The purpose of this study is to develop a genuine research model that examines the impact of smart technologies that domestic passengers interact with in their travel planning process on their re-purchase behavior. Design/methodology/approach–This research is a descriptive study and the relationalscreening method was used. Data collection was carried out with a total of 770 participants from Istanbul Airport Domestic Terminal. The collected data was tested using the structural equationmodelling method. It has been determined that the model provides the necessary validity and reliability. Findings -The findings obtained by the research model depict that Performance Expectation, Facilitating Conditions, Social Impact, habits, Consumer Confidence, Perceived Risk, and Consumer Technological Innovation structures have a significant impact on the formation of repurchase intention.Three variables, Price Value, Hedonic Motivation and Effort Expectation could not show a significant effect on the formation of repurchase intention. In the light of the research findings, the rate of explaining therepurchase intention of the supported hypotheses is 65%. This rate turns into repurchase behavior at a rate of 87%. Research results strongly prove the impact of domestic passengers' acceptance and perception of technology on their re-purchase behavior. Discussion –Inthe scope of the carriedresearch, the effect of repurchase intention on repurchase behavior was examined and the findings were discussed.


One of the most important pedagogical tasks is the timely updating of the content of both the educational program, in general, and the work programs of disciplines (modules), according to the development trends of modern higher education and ongoing innovations in the professional field, for which a university graduate is preparing. The article is devoted to the consideration of the issue of selection of the content of foreign language training of master's students of the educational direction. Based on the analysis of the requirements of the current legal documents, the main points of the language policy content in the field of domestic foreign language education (the introduction of competence-based, subject-activity and other approaches, the expansion of research activities, etc.) have been identified, which make it possible to justify the main selection criteria of the content of foreign language education at the university. As a result of the analysis of scientific literature, the concept of «content of education» and its components composition have been clarified. The list of professional tasks and typical communicative situations, ensuring the achievement of the results of mastering the content of the pedagogical master's program (competencies, personal qualities), necessary for a modern teacher in the field of foreign language education, is given. In the conclusion, a number of recommendations are proposed on the technology of content design of foreign language education for masters are suggested.


Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): National Research Program, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spanish Government; Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Background Novel multi-electrode array catheters with equidistant spacing between the electrodes, have emerged in recent years - e.g. Advisor™ HD Grid Mapping Catheter, Sensor Enabled™ (SE). These systems typically use unipolar signals, sensitive to low-frequency noise, and bipolar signals - highly dependent on the direction of propagation. Thus, the full potential of these new devices is not yet fully exploited. We hypothesise that, a new clique (4-electrode in a squared 2x2 matrix) configuration for the computation of omnipolar signals allows to take full advantage of novel multi-electrode catheters, more robust to the direction of propagation of the wavefront against the one currently proposed in literature – thus helpful in the clinic given the challenging positioning of the catheter in the heart cavity during electrophysiologic studies. Methods In the current 3-electrode clique, the centre of the signal obtained does not correspond to the centre of the area of the clique, being less robust to wavefront propagation direction (see fig. 1A). A new configuration, the cross clique, is proposed for calculating the electrogram to improve the robustness and reduce the errors in the estimation local activation time (LAT) and others – see figure 1. One thousand simulated signals with stratified propagation angles and variable parameters were implemented to emulate flat waves and homogeneous propagation over cardiac tissue. The methods used to calculate the signal with the proposed shape are: obtaining the bipoles, 45 degree correction of the signal, detection of the propagation angle, rotation of the detected angle and estimation of the LAT. Results The average amplitude of the bipolar loop increased from the old triangular clique configuration: 600.36 ± 116.40 mV; to the novel one cross-clique: 840.47 ± 160.09 mV. Regarding the local activation time estimation, a decrease in the error is observed from the current omnipolar reconstruction: 207.50 ± 256.91 μs, to the one proposed 22.75 ± 29.426 μs. When the bEGM propagation angle estimation is activated, the angle estimation error is 2.77 ± 25.26o for the current reconstruction method, in contrast to 1.09 ± 11.35o in the proposed one – see figure 1B. Conclusion Our novel configuration considerably reduces the LAT estimation error and, on average, captures a larger signal amplitude than the classic triangular clique method. Thus, it allows using the full potential of new catheters, improving the omnipolar analysis. hen applying automatic angle detection to the methods, in the case of the traditional method, it is influenced by the desynchronisation of the components of the traditional model as it widens the bipolar EGM loop – see figure 1.B. Thus, a novel omnipolar reconstruction method is proposed to better estimate intracardiac EGMs, more robustly against the direction of the wavefront propagation. Further studies are under consideration with clinical signals. Figure 1.


The background concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3) are increasing in both industrialized and developing countries, thus posing a concrete risk to human health, natural vegetation and crops. Several papers have reported that the total O3 flux from the atmosphere to canopy surfaces can have positive effects on air quality, and consequently to human health and wellbeing. In this work, we have estimated the role of the main natural woody vegetation classes of the CORINE Land cover Classification System in the Latium Region (Central Italy) in removing O3 during the growing season of the year 2005. Cumulated O3 fluxes data allowed to estimate the externality value of this ecosystem service provided by deciduous and evergreen forests in the Latium region. This value should be around 57,248,431 $ and 2,286,567 $ in the Apennine Chain Province for deciduous and evergreen forests, respectively, and 22,376,136 $ and 3,114,686 in the Tyrrhenian Province for deciduous and evergreen forests, respectively. This corresponds, for the growing season 2005, to a total value of 85,025,821 $ attributable to the ecosystem service of tropospheric O3 removal provided by the natural forests of the Latium region. Although we acknowledge the uncertainty in producing such estimate, we think our effort as a useful first contribution addressed to the monetization of one of the ecosystem services of Italian forests at a regional level, and more in general, to open the discussion in a field that would be very useful in forest management and environmental policy-making.


Evidence system is not only the cor of civil precedural law, but also the important point of the civil judication's reform. The article is theory of law's riew examines the advantanges and disadvantanges of the new fivil evidence system in the three field of the origin of law, the transplantion of law, the value of law and analyzes the advantanges and disadvantanges, makes the objective theory of law's analysis, enriches the research view of evidence system, deepens the theory basis of civil judication's reform.


Abstract Disturbances in microvascular function were studied by measurement of capillary diffusion capacity (CDC), capillary filtration coefficients (CFC) and resting and hyperemic skeletal muscle blood flows in normal persons and patients with prediabetes and diabetes with and without microangiopathy. Blood flow, CDC and CFC were determined by calf venous-occlusion plethysmography and 133Xe and 131l clearances from hyperemic anterior tibial muscle. Diabetic patients with microangiopathy had significantly larger CDC's and 131l clearances than the normal controls (p less than 0.01) and diabetic patients without microangiopathy (p less than 0.05). Normal persons had hyperemic muscle flows (133Xe) significantly greater than those in the other groups (p less than 0.05). Resting flows and CFC's did not differ significantly among the groups. Three of 11 prediabetic subjects had very abnormal CDC's. The finding of normal CFC and abnormal CDC in diabetic patients with microvascular disease suggests that small ves...


This is the R code to support the manuscript ``Defining and classifying migratory habitats as sources and sinks: the migratory pathway approach''.
The are three files besides this file (the README file):
A source file of function: functionsUploaded2016.R
A script file that was used for the manuscript and is an R Markdown file: SubmittedCode.Rmd; and
and a LICENSE file.


The Standardized Plant Analysis Risk (SPAR) models are a set of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) models used by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to evaluate the risk of operations at U.S. nuclear power plants and provide inputs to risk informed regulatory process. A small number of SPAR Level 2 models have been developed mostly for feasibility study purpose. They extend the Level 1 models to include containment systems, group plant damage states, and model containment phenomenology and accident progression in containment event trees. A severe earthquake and tsunami hit the eastern coast of Japan in March 2011 and caused significant damages on the reactors in Fukushima Daiichi site. Station blackout (SBO), core damage, containment damage, hydrogen explosion, and intensive radioactivity release, which have been previous analyzed and assumed as postulated accident progression in PRA models, now occurred with various degrees in the multi-units Fukushima Daiichi site. This paper reviews and compares a typical BWR SPAR Level 2 model with the "real" accident progressions and sequences occurred in Fukushima Daiichi Units 1, 2, and 3. It shows that the SPAR Level 2 model is a robust PRA model that could very reasonably describe the accident progression for a real and complicatedmore » nuclear accident in the world. On the other hand, the comparison shows that the SPAR model could be enhanced by incorporating some accident characteristics for better representation of severe accident progression.« less


We present a method for calculating the Kahler potentials of the moduli and matter scalars of Z N orbifolds directly from string theory. The explicit Kahler potentials for the moduli and 27,27 matter scalars, and the corresponding coset manifolds, are given for any (2,2)-symmetric Z N orbifold. This work provides a string-theoretic explanation of the origin of no-scale models in super-string theories


In this paper we consider an interpolation problem of Nevanlinna-Pick type: If finitely many points z1, . . . , zn of the open upper half plane C + are given, we study the existence of functions f ∈ Nν assuming prescribed values w1, . . . , wn ∈ C in these points: f(zi) = wi for i = 1, . . . , n. (1) Furthermore a description of all solutions of (1) through selfadjoint extensions of a certain symmetric operator is given. We recall the definition of the classes Nν . If f is a complex function denote by ρ(f) the domain of holomorphy of f . Definition 1 Let π and ν be nonnegative integers or ∞. Denote by Nν the set of all functions f which are meromorphic in C, such that the kernel


Ant System(AS) is a meta-heuristic algorithm based on the behavior of ants.As it performs well in solving various NP-Hard problems,several modified versions have been developed,including Ant Memory System(AMS).AMS is developed by the author and very good results have been obtained when it is applied in TSP(Travelling Salesman Problems).The design of memory boxes in AMS is able to avoid accepting local optimum found in the solving process.This study plans to find out the effectiveness of the AMS in solving VRP.AMS is modified for VRP and some local search mechanisms such as 2-opt are adopted to develop a new approach.International benchmark problems will be used to test the efficiency of the modified algorithm.Meanwhile,a tool has been developed to observe the iteration in the solving process,which will give significant insight into improving AMS.


Taylor & Francis, UK, 2006. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Dust Jacket Condition: No Dust Jacket. First Edition. 312 Pages. NEW. The issues surrounding the function and meaning of vernacular architecture in the twenty-first century are complex and extensive. Taking a distinctively rigorous theoretical approach, this book considers these issues from a number of perspectives, broadening current debate to a wider multidisciplinary audience. These collected essays from the leading experts in the field focus on theory, education and practice in this essential sector of architecture, and help to formulate solutions to the environmental, disaster management and housing challenges facing the global community today. Book Description: The issues surrounding the function and meaning of vernacular architecture in the twenty-first century are complex and extensive. Taking a distinctively rigorous theoretical approach, this book considers these issues from a number of perspectives, broadening current debate to a wider multidisciplinary audience. These collected essays from the leading experts in the field focus on theory, education and practice in this essential sector of architecture, and help to formulate solutions to the environmental, disaster management and housing challenges facing the global community today. : Review: 'A book with a mission . the editor's pool of contributers include...


Introduction: The Menelaus region is located near the southern border of Mare Serenitatis (cf. Figs. 1 and 2). The Menelaus rilles occur along the crest of an elongated low ridge or bulge and were presumably formed when the load of younger mare lavas in the centre of the Serenitatis basin caused crustal subsidence and fractures at the mare edges. According to [1], two separate lava flows can be delineated, where the superposition by younger units occurred at the dome Menelaus 1 (termed Menelaus ζ in [1]) and younger lava surrounded an "inlier" of the old basalt covering part of the broad rille that bisects the inlier.


Airlines operate in an uncertain environment for many reasons, for example due to the effects of weather, traffic or crew unavailability (due to delay or sickness). This work focuses on airline reserve crew scheduling under crew absence and journey time uncertainty for an airline operating a single hub and spoke network. Reserve crew can be used to cover absent crew or delayed connecting crew. A fixed number of reserve crew are available for scheduling and each requires a daily standby duty start time. Given an airline's crew schedule and aircraft routings we propose a Mixed Integer Programming approach to scheduling the airline's reserve crew. A simulation of the airline's operations with stochastic journey time and crew absence inputs and without reserve crew is used to generate disruption scenarios for the MIPSSM formulation (Mixed Integer Programming Simulation Scenario Model). Each disruption scenario corresponds to a record of all of the disruptions in a simulation for which reserve crew use would have been beneficial. For each disruption in a disruption scenario there is a record of all reserve crew that could have been used to solve or reduce the disruption. This information forms the input to the MIPSSM formulation, which has the objective of finding the reserve schedule that minimises the overall level of disruption over a set of scenarios. Additionally, modifications of the MIPSSM are explored, and a heuristic solution approach and a reserve use policy derived from the MIPSSM are introduced. A heuristic based on the proposed Mixed Integer Programming Simulation Scenario Model or MIPSSM outperforms a range of alternative approaches. The heuristic solution approach suggests that including the right disruption scenarios is as important as ensuring that enough disruption scenarios are added to the MIPSSM .


This study offers a historic overview of the very unfortunate plight of African writers, who are defined here as poets, playwrights, essayists, novelists, and even journalists, and how postcolonial-era political repressive measures-also termed "trials and tribulations"force many of them into "voluntary" exile. These writers have included some of Africa's most famous, as Greenhouse (1994) reported in The New York Times of the unorthodox departure of Professor Wole Soyinka, the Nobel Literature Laureate, from his Nigerian homeland. Instead of leaving Nigeria on the traditional "red carpet" often reserved for diplomats and notable dignitaries, Soyinka-to avoid arrest by Nigerian security agents because of his opinions-had to escape, reportedly, through the bush into exile abroad, to live temporarily in America. Whereas several pieces of empirical evidence have been used to buttress the theme of this study-which promptly includes the discussion of the consequences of political repression and brain drain


The "democratization" of AI has been taken up as a primary goal by several major tech companies. However, these efforts resemble earlier "freeware" and "open access" initiatives, and it is unclear how or whether they are informed by political conceptions of democratic governance. A political formulation of the democratization of AI is thus necessary. This paper presents a framework for the democratic governance of technology through intelligent trial and error (ITE) that can be utilized to evaluate barriers to the democratization of AI and suggest strategies for overcoming them.


Abstract Scholars like Leonardo (2009) or Yancy (2006) regularly apply, otherwise, dance with Charles Mills' concepts like the Racial Contract (Mills 1997), epistemology of ignorance (Mills 2007), and white Marxism and Black Radicalism (Mills 2003). By extension, when other educational scholars apply Leonardo or Yancy they inadvertently dance with Charles too. Partner dancing, such as bachata, is about a continual ebb and flow between dance partners, taking turns leading and following. So, whether directly engaging Charles's conceptualization like the Racial Contract or entangling with his work vis-à-vis scholarly concepts derived from his original conceptualization we, as scholars, continue to dance with Charles, letting him lead at times, following at others. Essentially, Charles's scholarship and his legacy never skip a beat in the academic cadence of educational research on race, ethnicity, and education. This piece pays homage to his legacy.


A new series of coaxial Tandetron™ tandem accelerators that meet today's requirements on new applications including new trends in device manufacturing has been designed, manufactured and tested by HVE. This new design includes a new high current all-solid-state power supply constructed around the high-energy section, offering a smaller footprint in addition to higher reliability and reduced maintenance. With terminal voltage up to 5MV and electrical power for beam transport up to 25kW the new 1MV, 2MV, 3MV and 5MV HVE Coaxial Tandetron™ accelerators are able to accelerate milliampere beams of virtually all ion masses to energies ranging from 60keV to over 25MeV.


For a given entanglement entropy of QFT, we investigate how to reconstruct its dual geometry by applying the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and the deep learning method. In the holographic setup, the radial direction of the dual geometry is identified with the energy scale of the dual QFT. Therefore, the holographic dual geometry can describe how the QFT changes along the RG flow. Intriguingly, we show that the reconstructed geometry only from the entanglement entropy data can give us more information about other physical properties like thermodynamic quantities in the IR region.


Charge contrast imaging (CCI) is a useful new method for imaging sub-micron features in crystalline materials using the unique gas/ion/electron imaging system of the environmental scanning electron microscope (Griffin, 1997; Doehne, 1998). Crystal growth zoning, microfractures, solution boundaries, and areas of chemical alteration or recrystallization can be imaged in a wide range of materials (Griffin, 2000; Watt, et al. 2000). While not fully understood, charge contrast images reflect differences in the ability of materials to accept, store and discharge deposited electrons from the primary electron beam. These differences are expressed, in turn, as contrasts in secondary electron emission from flat samples (e.g. these contrasts are not related to topography, as is usually the case). Charge contrast appears be related to differences in electronic properties which are often controlled by defect density. CCI is also affected by small-scale physical defects (such as microfractures) which appear to affect the distribution and timing of charge buildup and discharge in the sample (Johansen, et al. 1997).


We develop a dilation theory for row contractions where P is a set of noncommutative polynomials. The model n-tuple is the universal row contraction [B1,. .. , Bn] satisfying the same constraints as T , which turns out to be, in a certain sense, the maximal constrained piece of the n-tuple [S1,. .. , Sn] of left creation operators on the full Fock space on n generators. The theory is based on a class of constrained Poisson kernels associated with T and representations of the C *-algebra generated by B1,. .. , Bn and the identity. Under natural conditions on the constraints we have uniqueness for the minimal dilation. A characteristic function ΘT is associated with any (constrained) row contraction T and it is proved that I − ΘT Θ * T = KT K * T , where KT is the (constrained) Poisson kernel of T. Consequently, for pure constrained row contractions, we show that the characteristic function is a complete unitary invariant and provide a model. We show that the curvature invariant and Euler characteristic asssociated with a Hilbert module generated by an arbitrary (resp. commuting) row contraction T can be expressed only in terms of the (resp. constrained) characteristic function of T. We provide a commutant lifting theorem for pure constrained row contractions and obtain a Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation result in our setting.


The study investigates convective MHD flow of incompressible fluid of low Prandtl number along a vertical non-conducting plate in porous medium at constant temperature where fluid is sucked through a vertical plate with a constant suction velocity under the action of small internal volumetric heat generation and transverse magnetic field applied externally. The electrical conductivity of the fluid is considered to be temperature dependent variable. Incorporating the Boussinesqs approximation for the boundary layer flow and considering the action of local specific dissipation of mechanical energy due to permeability of the medium, numerical values of various flow parameters such as velocity, temperature, skin-friction, heat transfer etc. are calculated numerically, analysed graphically and conclusions are drawn.


find something of interest, if only to help them avoid making statements which appear 'obvious' but which on further analysis turn out either to be conceptually confused or not supported by the evidence. Chapters 8 and 9 on the relationship between urban economy and city growth are particularly interesting and the analysis is conducted at a level and in a manner which might provide a useful basis for an exercise or project in an undergraduate or postgraduate course in quantitative methods. But the book's failure to find a satisfactory explanation of urban growth rates surely in part arises from the limited model employed. There is an implicit assumption that the supply of labour available to a town is perfectly elastic, which ignores the constraints on internally generated population growth resulting from fertility and mortality levels, and the social constraints over migration distances and routes, as well as relationships between the urban economy and the rural hinterland which all affect migrant labour supply. Also, one might expect that city growth is in part determined by the presence or absence of current growth industries and Sharples's method is hopelessly insensitive here. Particularly in Britain the historically determined pattern of urban centres and of product specialization, and the rigidities that this imposes on subsequent expansion in more 'optimal' centres seem of considerable importance. Failure to find adequate predictors could also be the result of the rather mechanical nature of some of the analysis and of the inadequacies of checks on the robustness of some measures and on the possible effects of extreme values. Nevertheless this is an interesting book and a worthwhile contribution to the limited literature on this fundamental and much neglected topic.


ABSTRACT Candidate parametric mortality models are tested graphically. If the model is correct, the transformed data are distributed exponentially. The graphical test is based on scale and space inference. It involves smoothing of the hazard rate and simultaneous confidence intervals. It is applied to a frailty model used to set annuity reserves. Simulation and the comparison with other non-graphical tests shows that the graphical test helps localize discrepancies of empirical data with respect to the tested model.


MPI version 4.0 introduces new functionalities like the Session model but still lacks fault management mechanisms. Past efforts produced tools and MPI standard extensions to manage fault presence, including User Level Fault Mitigation (ULFM). These measures are effective against faults but do not fully support the new additions to the standard. In this paper, we combine the fault management possibilities of ULFM with the new Session model functionality introduced in version 4.0 of the standard. We focus on the communicator creation procedure, highlighting criticalities and proposing a method to circumvent them. The experimental campaign shows that the proposed solution does not significantly affect execution times and scalability while better managing the arise of faults.


The conceptual design of the injection linac of the Brazilian National Laboratory for Synchrotron Light (LNLS) is described. The design of the LNLS linac is based primarily on the Stanford Two-Mile Linear Accelerator for reliability reasons. The frequency, mode, and type of structure are chosen to be the same as those of the Stanford accelerator. An electrostatic gun provides 80-keV electrons which will be further accelerated to 100 MeV in four 3-m-long accelerating sections. A preliminary study shows that the required beam current and energy dispersion at the end of the linac can be reached with just a prebuncher, without using a buncher. Focusing of the beam is accomplished by three magnetic lenses and a solenoid in the low-energy region and by triplets between the accelerating structures in the high-energy region.<<ETX>>


Photograph displays a coronavirus (COVID-19) positive blood sample in front of a computer screen displaying the flag of some infected countries on April 6, 2020 in Izmir, Turkey.


3 Introduction 4 Status of Foreign Language Learning in the United States 7 Early Second Language Learning: Helps to Build a Better Brain? 15 Impact on Grey-Matter Density 20 Far-Reaching Benefits 21 The Bilingual Advantage in Business 25 Cultural Connections 30 Findings 35 Barriers to Second Language Learning in the U.S. 35 Suggested Remedies 37 References 40 Appendix A – Foreign Language Program Toolbox 48 IT'S NOT BRAIN SCIENCE...OR IS IT? 3 Abstract We live in a global economy, yet U.S. citizens lag far behind in the knowledge of other countries' languages, cultures, customs, geographies and peoples. Equipping the next generation with foreign language skills as well as knowledge of other cultures and customs will not only provide increased career opportunities for individuals but also aid in the future success of the U.S. economy. The U.S. educational system does not stress the learning of language beyond English: K-12 curriculum is rigidly mandated, budgets are tight, class time and teacher trainingWe live in a global economy, yet U.S. citizens lag far behind in the knowledge of other countries' languages, cultures, customs, geographies and peoples. Equipping the next generation with foreign language skills as well as knowledge of other cultures and customs will not only provide increased career opportunities for individuals but also aid in the future success of the U.S. economy. The U.S. educational system does not stress the learning of language beyond English: K-12 curriculum is rigidly mandated, budgets are tight, class time and teacher training is limited, and language programs are often among the first to be cut during budget crises. There is a time period when a child's brain is developing and most receptive to learning, and that is early childhood. If the seed were planted in a child before he/she enters kindergarten to learn the basics of a foreign language and culture, perhaps that knowledge could be nourished throughout the rest of their lives, preparing those children to embrace cultural differences, live and compete more successfully in an evolving and diverse world, and be better equipped for later education. Besides examining the current state of foreign language education in the U.S. and how learning occurs, the benefits of foreign language learning in relation to business and human relations are examined in this paper. Multiple solutions to solving the foreign language deficit are mentioned including a proposal for an early-learning language program. IT'S NOT BRAIN SCIENCE...OR IS IT? 4 It's Not Brain Science... Or Is It? How Early Second Language Learning Can Impact Future Achievement "Those who speak three languages are trilingual; those who speak two languages are bilingual; those who speak one language are... American." ~ Author Unknown English is the most common language in the United States and broadly spoken worldwide. Determining the actual global language frequency ranking appears difficult to accurately assess, as sources tend to vary. When ordered by the number of native speakers, English is most often shown ranking third behind Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi ("The most spoken languages worldwide | Statistica", 2015), or Spanish ("The 10 Most Common Languages", 2014). When ranking includes second language speakers, English typically ranks number one ("The most spoken languages worldwide | Statistica", 2015; Funders and Founders Notes, 2013). Yet we live in an increasingly globalized economy, and U.S. students lag far behind other nations in the knowledge of other countries' languages, cultures, customs, geographies, and peoples. Despite the opportunities globalization brings, "we are becoming a nation of secondlanguage illiterates" (Berman, 2011). A brief comparison of U.S. language learning to that of other countries finds that most Asian countries begin second language instruction, usually the ("The most spoken languages worldwide | Statistica", 2015) IT'S NOT BRAIN SCIENCE...OR IS IT? 5 study of English, in primary school (Jackson, 2013) and that in other industrialized nations, several languages may coexist in the same territory, or the educational system may guarantee students the opportunity to learn other languages. It is only in America (or nearly exclusively so) that language-learning opportunities are so constrained... Canada... pursues language learning in English and in French as part of its national self-understanding. In Europe, some 50 percent of the population over the age of fifteen report being able to carry on a conversation in a second language, and the European Union has set a goal of equipping all citizens with proficiency in two non-native languages. This level of language ability will obviously represent an enormous human resource in the global economy, which is to say that the American model of education for monolingualism deprives our students of the skills they will need in tomorrow's economy. The endemic hostility to language learning is a war against our next generation (Berman, 2011). Equipping the next generation with foreign language skills, as well as knowledge of other cultures and customs, has been described as critical to the security of the United States and to the future success of the U.S. economy (National Research Council, 2007; United States Congress, 1994), yet foreign language study in American schools remains largely optional: "In 2008–09, only eleven states required any language study at all as part of K–12 education" (Berman, 2011). There is no effective national policy in place either. While several language councils and organizations, such as the American Council on The Teaching of Foreign Languages, the Modern Language Association, JNCL-NCLIS, Committee for Economic Development, Center for Applied Linguistics, and the National Research Council, have issued and maintained foreign language learning policy or position statements and urge greater emphasis on second language IT'S NOT BRAIN SCIENCE...OR IS IT? 6 learning in the curriculum as a priority subject, there is no comprehensive K-12 foreign language education policy in the United States. In fact, funding for the Foreign Language Assistance Program (FLAP), which funded K – 12 programs, was eliminated from the Department of Education budget in 2012 (U.S. Department of Education, 2014). In addition to the language learning deficit, student achievement scores also lag behind those of other countries. Since the year 2000, tests have been administered every three years in 65 countries and education systems by the Program for International Student Assessment in order to measure the performance of 15-year-old students in the areas of math, science, and reading literacy. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 2012 results show that U.S. students ranked 30 th in mathematic literacy, 23 rd in science literacy, and 20 th in reading literacy. With the exceptions of Australia and Ireland, the education systems that outperformed the U.S. in these areas include second language study in school curriculum as a matter of course, generally beginning in the primary years (2015). By contrast, the U.S. does not stress the learning of language beyond English: K-12 curriculum is rigidly mandated, school budgets are stressed, class time is limited, and foreign language programs are often among the first to be cut as school's redirect funds to focus on math and English language arts in response to No Child Left Behind era policies (Common Core, 2012). Is this coincidental, or might there be a correlation at some level? Could foreign language study, as a component in other countries' core curriculum, be a contributing factor in to the superior performance of their students? How can U.S. children become better equipped to compete in this increasingly global environment? There is a time period when a child's brain is developing and most receptive to learning, and that is early childhood. Is the introduction of foreign language study to pre-school children a feasible plan? IT'S NOT BRAIN SCIENCE...OR IS IT? 7 Status of Foreign Language Learning in the United States Foreign language learning programs and opportunities vary among countries. In the European Union, all but two countries (Ireland and Scotland) require the study of at least one foreign language as a compulsory subject, with the majority setting fixed minimum attainment levels of proficiency. Students generally begin learning a second language – in most countries that language is English -between the ages of 6 and 9 years old, with some beginning as early as the age of 3; in 2010 only 22% of EU primary education students were not studying a foreign language. That same year, 60% of lower secondary education students in the majority of the European Union were learning two or more foreign languages (Eurydice, 2011). In the United States, school funding indicates that little importance is placed on the study of foreign languages and the result is a largely monolingual population. According to a 2012 Forbes article, "only 18% of Americans report speaking a language other than English, while 53% of Europeans (and increasing numbers in other parts of the world) can converse in a second language" (Skorton & Altschuler, 2012). In a 2010 speech at the University of Maryland, the Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, notes that "the United States may be the only nation in the world where it is possible to complete high school and college without any foreign language study – let alone the mastery of another language" (US Department of Education, 2010). Historically, foreign language programs have been offered to students in the United States during high school with many, but not all colleges and universities requiring at least two years of study for enrollment. With shrinking budgets in public schools, foreign language programs in the United States are becoming more inconsistent and quality instruction is spotty; furthermore, many colleges a


Saffron is a strategic product of Iran. Iran's share of Saffron from the world production and export is almost 90 %. Labor requirement for Saffron production is 200 man day per hectare. However, this figure is much higher in the processing and marketing sectors. DRC and SCB indices show that production of Saffron in Iran has comparative advantage. Marketing margin of Saffron is high so that producers receive less than 65 % of final price of consumer. Over 70 % of household income made by Saffron. According to special advantage of this product, creation of regional marketing board beside agricultural exchange market for coordinating production, marketing and export and maintaining market share is suggested. INTRODUCTION Saffron is one of the most important export products and plays a significant role in income and employment of Saffron producers. It is a major product of Khorasan, Fars and Kerman provinces (Hosseini et al., 2003; Daneshvar et al. 2003). Iran, Greece, Morocco, Kashmir, Spain and Italy are among main countries dealing with Saffron production. Among these countries, Iran as the original home of Saffron has always had the largest area harvest and production area. According to statistics of year 2005, the amount of Saffron production in Iran was 230 t which constitutes 93.7 % of the world Saffron production. Greece with 5.7 tons and Morocco and Kashmir with 2.3 t come respectively in second and third positions regarding Saffron production. Iran has more than 90 % of the total world harvest areas among other major countries, having 50000 hectare harvest area of Saffron. Due to drought, Saffron yield has particularly decreased during the recent year while the price for Saffron has varied considerably. Historically, Iran has been the most important exporter of Saffron in the world; having 190 tons Saffron export and 80 % of the total export the world. In summary, Saffron is a traditional production of Iran and production share of this product is 93.7 % of the world total production, 82 % of it being exported. In fact, Iran is the largest producer and exporter of Saffron in international level. Major importer countries of Iran's Saffron are: The United Arab Emirates (UAE), Spain, Turkmenistan, France and Italy. UAE is the largest customer with a total purchase of 78.8 t per year of Saffron. Spain is the second largest with 56.4 tons. Now, some 90 % of Iran's Saffron exports are in bulk. Spain processes and reexports some 40-50 % of Iran's Saffron production. Values of Iran's Saffron export have an increasing trend during 2000-2006 (Table 1). With respect to high price of Saffron in nonoil export, it has an important role in Iran's economy. Considering its frequent use, special properties of this drug, its role in economic life of Khorasan, Fars and Kerman provinces farmers and high value added of Saffron, it is necessary to develop the production, export and marketing of this valuable crop. Other aspects of the importance of Saffron include high productivity of water in cultivated area of Saffron, employment, preventing of rural migration, non-oil export development due to government policy for increasing the non petroleum export. This paper has investigated the economics of Saffron from different dimensions like marketing, employment, household's income, globalization, return of research and comparative advantage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Globalization and Saffron Export There are different indices for determining of globalization index (Saeger, 1977; Schulze and Urspung, 1999). In this paper, we used Makhija et al (1997) approach for measuring globalization. The first measure is level of international trade (LIT) showing width of international linkages for a special industry.


Purpose: We analyzed the choroidal thickness in the subfoveal area and area of retinal detachment (RD) in monocular primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients and compared the RD eye with the fellow eye. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed, optical coherence tomography data of both eyes at the first visit in patients who underwent surgery for monocular RRD from January 2013 to December 2016. Choroidal thickness was examined manually in the subfoveal and RD areas by two independent ophthalmologists; subjects without data from at least one of the two investigators were excluded. Results: Ninety-five subjects were included in this study. Of the 95 RD eyes, 61 (64.2%) and 44 (46.3%) eyes showed macula and fovea invasion, respectively. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was statistically significant in the RD eye compared with the fellow eye (244.7 ± 79.0 μm vs. 220.1 ± 78.9 μm; p < 0.001). Moreover, the choroidal thickness of the RD area in the RD eye was thicker compared with the non-detachment area and corresponding area in the fellow eye (273.8 ± 53.4 μm vs. 215.2 ± 44.0 μm and 233.3 ± 56.7 μm, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In the primary RRD eye, the choroidal thickness in the detachment area was thicker than that of the fellow eye. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of choroidal thickness change and its impact on RD. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2020;61(10):1177-1183


The uplink in a cellular network where the base station (BS) and an advanced user equipment (UE) that is not the traditional mobile device is investigated. This is proposed as a method of antenna offloading for the typical UE which suffers from size constraints. The Gram-Schmidt (GS) precoding algorithm is used to design novel precoding solutions when the receiver and transmitter can have a large antenna array (e.g. Nr = 64, NT = 32), as expected to be the case for deploying wireless backhaul links. Using the QR-decomposition on the Zero-Forcing (ZF) receiver, the proposed scheme is shown to essentially perform channel inversion with the help of the transmitter and receiver. With a moderate number of receive antenna elements, the matched filter (MF) was observed to incur inter-stream interference, while the ZF and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receiver were more susceptible to transmitter side correlation compared to the GS precoding algorithm. When there is only channel correlation information (CCI) at the transmitter side, the GS precoding matrix is shown to be approximated by inverting the Cholesky decomposition of the CCI transmit matrix and outperforms the MF. Finally a block successive interference cancellation (SIC) detection scheme for the K-User MIMO channel is presented. It is shown for NT = 2 the GS precoder has a higher sum rate than the ZF receiver in the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) regime.


The historical evolution of the united front went through three stages in the period of the liberation wartime:the Anti-Japanese war national united front was transformed into the people's Democratic front from the August in 1945 to the June in 1946,the formation of the People's democratic front was developed from the June in 1946 to the May in 1948 and strengthen and won victory from the May in 1948 to the October in 1949. It showed that the united front was an important magic weapon,with which the Guo mintang reactionaries were defeated by the CPC.


Abstract : The Banner Core Simulation Interface tool has been developed by Rome Laboratory to support the Banner Core program in evaluating Bistatic Radar Systems. This document provides a summary of the objectives of the Banner Core program, the software capabilities and the operational concept for the final delivered system, and the components of this system contained in Release 2.2.


The parish priest of Moyross in Limerick has said urgent action is needed to defeat "evil" drug gangs who are "flourishing" in the estate........


ME Christensen, K Thoroe Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Health, VIA University College, Horsens, Denmark Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy, VIA University College, Horsens, Denmark Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com Background This project creates a framework for the interaction of theory and practice in health education. Moreover, this blend generates new modes of teaching due to the fact that the teaching is transferred from the usual environment to sites where the students experience the potential of engaging with real-time media, instead of just practicing their professional skills amongst their fellow students. This concept will reflect a close association with the students' professional practice in terms of their curriculum as well as extracurricular issues. Objective The primary purpose was an investigation of the students' outcome of participating in a practice-related co-operation focused on health promoting interventions in local companies. The study is carried out as a workplace facilitated intervention study. The data are extracted in the form of quantitative research during the intervention that took place from January to May 2013 and 2014. Results The students report that they have experienced significant benefits from participating in the project; improved professional skills, abilities to transfer theory to practice, knowledge of practice, professional development, and improved teaching skills. The students report that they have embraced professional challenges in several parameters and acknowledge that they have experienced personal growth in terms of increased self-confidence in teaching contexts, as well as in their role as teacher. Moreover, they have experienced a sense of responsibility, and aspects of the role of the professional health worker. The participants express a high level of satisfaction with their participation in the project. Conclusion The students' participation in this type of health intervention is associated with increased learning and better knowledge of practice. This type of inclusion of practice in the educational program is unique, particularly in the context of increased competences in the field of health promotion. Only positive contributions to the students' learning outcome on professional as well as personal levels have been registered. On a secondary level the co-workers of the organization invited to participate report a high degree of satisfaction with participation in the health promotion programs carried out by the students. Key messages The project creates a framework for the interaction of theory and practice, and creates a pratice-related teaching program focused on health promotion. This type of inclusion of practice in the educational program is unique, particularly in the context of increased competences in the field of health promotion. 7th European Public Health Conference: Thursday 20 November 2014 16:00-17:00 105


Small conifers often must coexist with the components of early plant succession for prolonged periods of time in forest regeneration. Forest regeneration and the management of perennial horticultural crops are similar in this respect, since individual "crop" plants in both instances usually occur in close proximity to each other or associated species. Association of the crop with its neighbors may be detrimental in both situations (10, 15), but other interactions also are possible (8). Thus it is necessary for forest managers and horticulturists to recognize the physical, physiological, and environmental components that influence the outcome of plant-to-plant associations. It also is necessary for land managers (foresters, horticulturists, etc), to understand the consequences of their actions, since short-term impacts on vegetation can have long-term influences on environmental resource availability, subsequent vegetation, and the populations of other organisms. Long-term impacts of management are not exclusive to forest regeneration, but the need for prediction may be most obvious there because of the relative longevity of forest communities in comparison to most of those in agriculture.