In recent years, the concept of circular economy has gained importance and emerged as a key factor in terms of industrial and environmental policies. Herein, the main purpose of the present paper is exploring the connection between resource productivity and greenhouse gas emission, which are among the circular economy indicators. Resource productivity was adopted as the main dependent variable and greenhouse gas emission as the independent variable. Human development index and R&D expenditures of countries are the control variables in the study. Data from 27 developed and developing countries in Europe for a period ranging from 2006 – 2019 were analyzed using panel regression and it was determined that resource productivity is statistically negatively affected by greenhouse gas emission. Aside from this, findings provide evidence of a positive relationship between resource productivity, human development index and R&D expenditures. These results claim that resource productivity can be increased by reducing the emission of greenhouse gasses and developing policies for clean energy transition.


Since Goodfellow, in 1893, performed the first perineal prostatectomy, and Freyer, in 1900, the first subtotal enucleation suprapubically, progress has been rapid and constant, until at present both operations may, in the majority of cases, be completely visualized and, in a large measure, ordinary surgical principles may be observed. One difficulty after another has been surmounted. Preparation, the most important factor of all, is now among urologists universally the great desideratum. Technic and management have been so perfected in both types of approach that, in experienced hands, the incidence of mortality and morbidity should be very low. When Young, in 1903, modified and perfected the Proust operation, he builded so well that the various modifications (Hinman, Geraghty, Dillon, Cecil, as well as modifications suggested by Young himself) have added little of real value to the original procedure. For more than fifteen years there has been scarcely any urologic meeting at


his volume of collected chapters marks transitions and bridges in a variety of respects. Authors represent every academic rank from graduate student to senior professor, and hail from several continents—a geographic mark of the emergence of academics in this field from several disciplines including sociology, geography, economics, and urban planning. Overall, the effort achieves its aims of highlighting dynamic and evolving improvements in Chinese cities and the widening scope of scholars examining them. Its link to the Urban China Research Network highlights the fine work being undertaken through the combined efforts of several generations of scholars. The first chapter sets out the editor's perspective on the most salient forces shaping new Chinese cities: "globalization, migration, and market reform," e.g., an economic landscape. In a small mismatch, the chapters are not ordered in this fashion, with migration following market reform, and the final chapter "migrating" into considerations of the periurban countryside. Along the way well-known authors cover topics in which they have established credentials, providing a useful summary of their points of expertise: G. C. S. Lin on the Pearl River Delta, W. Wu and F. Wu separately on Shanghai housing, Taubmann on the "floating population," Smart on Hong Kong transitions, and Y. X. Zhou on Chinese global cities. Shifts since 1978 are clearly set out, along with disagreements as to where they are leading. What engenders attention is that urban areas are finally growing, with new boundaries, populations, occupations, types of ownership, and housing. The endpoint and consequences remain less clear. A particularly intriguing question continues to be to what extent is politics in control—or economic forces beyond the nation's borders and previous experience— inexorably undermining previous patterns and the lagging efforts of planning. Examples are predictably East Coast–centric, covering familiar ground even in the treatment of Singapore's relation to Suzhou. While some useful primary data and interesting maps (such as the location of migrant workers in Shanghai) are included, this volume primarily serves a summary function rather than exposing new theoretical ground or previously uncharted concepts. Inclusion of Quanzhou, close to Taiwan, does offer a new case study with its own interesting story of successful partnership on behalf of preservation. As the editor points out, both the country and the disciplines examining it remain explorers of a rapidly developing "frontier." Lingering problems that continue to demand attention as identified in this research include how to balance the powers of government with involvement of citizenry, although other authors from the Chinese mainland declare (with little convincing evidence) that this


Harmonic generalized barycentric coordinates (GBC) functions have been used for cartoon animation since an early work in 2006[ JMDGS06 ]. A computational procedure was further developed in [ SH15 ] for deformation between any two polygons. The bijectivity of the map based on harmonic GBC functions is still murky in the literature. In this paper we present an elementary proof of the bijection of the harmonic GBC map transforming from one arbitrary polygonal domain V to a convex polygonal domain W . This result is further extended to a more general harmonic map from one simply connected domain V to a convex domain W if the harmonic map preserves the orientation of the boundary of the domain V . In addition, we shall point out that the harmonic GBC map is also a diffeomorphism over the interior of V to the interior of W . Finally, we remark on how to construct a harmonic GBC map from V to W when the number of vertices of V is different from the number of vertices of W and how to construct harmonic GBC functions over a polygonal domain with a hole or holes. We also point out that it is possible to use the harmonic GBC map to deform a nonconvex polygon V to another nonconvex polygon W by a good arrangement of the boundary map between ∂V and ∂W . Several numerical deformations based on images are presented to show the effectiveness of the map based on bivariate spline approximation of the harmonic GBC functions.


Private higher education after 20 years of development has made great achievements. But the quality of the development process has become increasingly prominent, this paper discusses the learning experience of learning about the general secretary of education as an opportunity to focus on from the establishment of scientific and pluralistic education quality standards, optimize the allocation of resources in the way of education, and the promotion of education management, do and evaluation three aspects, such as the effective operation of evaluating the subject of discourse analysis commenced, and proposed to improve the quality of private higher education recommendations.


Having confidence in COPD mortality data

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the sixth leading cause of death worldwide in 1990 and will rise to the third leading cause by 2020.1,2 These findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study form the starting point for a wide range of recent articles about COPD. However, when trying to interpret mortality statistics and other routine sources of data such as hospital admissions, it can be hard to avoid thinking of the quotation " lies, damned lies, and statistics ", attributed variably to Mark Twain or Benjamin Disraeli. In this issue of Thorax , data presented by Fuhrman et al 3 show that COPD mortality in France in 2000–2 fell by around 40% compared with 1998–9 following a change from International Classification of Diseases coding version 9 (ICD-9) to ICD-10. In contrast, an increase in mortality of around 10% was seen when moving from ICD-9 to ICD-10 coding in the USA in 1999,4 while bridge coding exercises in England and Wales for 1999 (coding deaths to both ICD-9 and ICD-10 to look at the impact of the change) suggested an artefactual 3% increase.5 COPD mortality rates in France in 1999 were well under half those in the USA or UK, which may in part relate to differences in diagnostic fashions (such as continued use of "bronchitis" rather than a COPD specific term in France).3 Two important questions arise from this:

The answer to both is a qualified yes.

It is axiomatic that mortality, hospital, and other routinely collected data need careful collection, presentation and interpretation,6 but it may be …


Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationships among spiritual flow experiences, leisure satisfaction, life satisfaction and loyalty of residents in health care institutes. Methods: Twenty sampled residents each from 25 health care institutes around Tai-Chung area were surveyed. 500 questionnaires were distributed in total, and 402 were collected. Valid responses reach 350 questionnaires and the valid response rate amounts to 70%. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and SEM. Results: (1) The spiritual flow experiences was significantly influences leisure satisfaction. (2) The spiritual flow experiences was significantly influences loyalty. (3) The leisure satisfaction was not significantly influences loyalty. (4) The leisure satisfaction was significantly influences life satisfaction. And (5) life satisfaction was significantly influences loyalty. Conclusions: There was high correlation between leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction in residents of health care institutes. The spiritual flow experiences and life satisfaction will be influences loyalty of residents.


From the infinite set of routes that you could drive to work, you have probably found a way that gets you there in a reasonable time, dealing with traffic conditions and running minimal risks. Humans are very good at learning such efficient sequences based on very little feedback, but it is unclear how the brain learns to solve such tasks. At CWI, in collaboration with the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), we have developed a biologically realistic neural model that, like animals, can be trained to recall relevant past events and then to perform optimal action sequences, just by rewarding it for correct sequences of actions. The model explains neural activations found in the brains of animals trained on similar tasks.


Currently, one of the major directions in the system of anti-TB measures is to improve efficacy of TB treatment. Analysis of activity of TB hospitals and the effectiveness of treatment revealed a number of problems in the provision of hospital care to the patients with TB, which was the justification of proposals to improve the functioning and efficiency of the TB patients care.


Subtitle: Steep grades, superb connectivity, car-trains, rolling billboards, and historic cogs in the Alps-- what more could you ask for?


This paper investigates the degree of market orientation of participants in the fresh produce marketing channel in Zimbabwe and the extent to which it is influenced by environmental uncertainty. The results generally support previous research that has shown that market orientation is positively related to perceived environmental uncertainty. There was a generally high degree of market orientation and sensitivity to environmental uncertainty among channel members and, in particular, within the smallholder farmer sector.


During fetal development of the anterior pituitary gland, a number of sequential processes occur that effect cell differentiation and proliferation. Molecular anlyses have revealed several steps thay are required for pituitry cell line specification and have identified specific factors that control these steps. The gene encoding the pituitary transcription factor 1 (pit‐1) is expressed during differentiation steps that take place quite late in the development of the anterior pituitary gland. Clinically, patients with mutations ofthePITIgene are characterized by severe deficiencies in growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), and often develop secondary hypothyroidism. A second pituitary transcription factor is known as Prophet of Pit‐1 (Prop‐1), and a mutation of the Prop1 gene has been detected in Ames dwarf mice. Several Prop1 mutations have been identified that structurally affect the 'paired‐like'DNA‐binding domain of the Prop‐1 protein molecule. Patients with PROPl mutations show combined pituitary hormone deficiency. These patients exhibiy secondary hypogonadism in addition to the deficiencies of Gh, PRL and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) also seen in patients with PITI mutations. Although all are in the subnormal range, the levels of GH, PRL and TSH in patients with PROP 1mutations are on average, slightly higher than in patients with PITI mulations. Some degree of hypocortisolism may necessitate cortisol substitution in patients with PROP1 mutations.


A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of imaging during crystal growth from the vapor is described. This method (MBSTM) opens the possibility to follow the growth process of semiconductor molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) "in vivo". The ability of the microscope to access the evolution of specific features during growth is demonstrated by images of the Si homoepitaxy. A new facet of high growth speed was found upon coalescence of 2D islands. The transition from initial multilayer to layer-by-layer growth was imaged in Si(lll) homoepitaxy. In Si/Si(100) homoepitaxy nucleation of Si at antiphase domain boundaries was found and the fractional coverage of non-equivalent terraces was studied as function of coverage. A theoretically predicted transient growth mode was observed. In Ge on Si(lll) heteroepitaxy the formation of the 2D Stranski-Krastanov layer was observed.


Abstract:While some scholars read Daniel Defoe's A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain (1724–26) as celebrating human improvement of the natural world, in descriptions of the key improving activity of mining, the narrator records how improvement and depletion go hand in hand. In the process, he raises the question of whether improvement can continue indefinitely. As he toggles between literal description of what he observes in Britain's landscape and metaphorical fantasies of the resources he hopes to find beneath the earth's surface, the narrator reflects a discourse of natural history shaped by competing narratives of Edenic abundance and post-lapsarian decay. Read through the lens of this theological dialectic, Tour registers a concern about the long-term consequences of improving endeavours as its narrator observes how nature is depleted and made unpredictable by human exploitation.


u. V. Glass and J. N. Morris. (Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., y 5?s-)libfg . Solid volume of 586 pages will probably find its way into the reference Tfajr!es of most University Departments of Social Science and Education, and of M,0n!?B Colleges and the like. There, it will be studied with relief by any lecturer ls to speak on a sociological subject which is rather outside his usual orbit; top|cu?ed with enthusiasm by the student asked to write an essay on almost any ?ln the wide field of sociology. s 31 chapters, written by a total of 35 authors, cover a remarkable range of ctsThe first nine chapters deal with the various techniques of sociological


Juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight 0.019±0.009 g), were reared at densities of 2000/m3 and 5000/m3 in brackish (2.5-3.0 ppt) geothermal (~40°C at the source) water from beneath the Israeli Negev desert in a recirculating system for 72 days. The shrimp grew significantly faster (p<0.01) at the lower density than at the higher density. The weekly mean weight and specific growth rate in the low density were 0.57 g and 8.68 and, in the high density, 0.404 g and 8.02. The feed conversion ratio was 2.01 in the lower density and 2.36 in the higher. The survival rate was 87% and 63.5% in the low and high densities, respectively. Data obtained in this study, particularly at the low density, are comparable to favorable published results for L. vannamei in marine waters. The present study is the first experimental attempt to evaluate the potential of mass culture of high quality, healthy L. vannamei in the brackish, geothermal water of Israel's Negev desert. This water, which is free of pollutants and marine pathogens, has been found to be highly suitable for the culture of a number of species of fish and aquatic organisms.


Mutations in inverted formin 2 (INF2) cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) a major cause of end-stage kidney disease. In the present study, we show that disease associated mutations reduce INF2 auto-inhibition and cause increased binding to monomeric G-actin, profilin 2 and the F-actin capping protein, CapZ α-1.


Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript is expressed in hypothalamic regions involved in the central control of food intake. Previous data have implicated cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript as an anorectic peptide. We studied the effect of the active fragment of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript, cocaine-and amphet-amine-regulated transcript-(55–102), on feeding when injected into discrete nuclei of the hypothalamus. Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55–102) (0.04 nmol) elicited a delayed, but significant, increase in feeding in 24-h fasted rats after injection into the ventromedial nucleus (1–2 h, 261 ؎ 60% of control; P < 0.05) and arcuate nucleus (1–2 h, 225 ؎ 38% of control; P < 0.05) of the hypothalamus. Administration of a higher dose of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55–102) (0.2 nmol) elicited a significant increase in feeding after injection into the ventromedial nu-Administration of cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55–102) into the third ventricle of the hypothalamus resulted in an inhibition in feeding [0 – 4 h (0.4 nmol), 33 ؎ 13% control; P < 0.001], but was associated with marked abnormalities in behavior, which may have interfered with feeding. These behavioral abnormalities were not observed after the administration of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript-(55–102) directly into the arcuate nucleus. These data suggest that cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript may play an orexigenic role in the hypothalamic feeding circuitry. C OCAINE-AND AMPHETAMINE-REGULATED transcript (CART) cDNA was originally isolated from rat brain by PCR differential screening of transcripts up-regulated after the administration of cocaine or amphetamine (1). CART and its translated peptide are found throughout the central nervous system and peripheral tissues (1–5). CART is one of the most abundant mRNAs in the hypothalamus, highly expressed in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), paraven-tricular nucleus (PVN), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN) (1, 6). These nuclei have established roles in the regulation of feeding. CART has been implicated in the control of feeding behavior. CART mRNA and peptide are colocalized with the anorectic peptide ␣MSH in the ARC and with the orexigenic peptide melanin-concentrating hormone in the lateral hypo-thalamic area (LHA) (7–9). Nerve terminals immunoreactive for the orexigenic peptide NPY are closely apposed with CART peptide-containing cell bodies in the PVN, ARC, LHA, and DMN (8, 10). Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of the active fragment of CART, CART(55–102), has been shown to activate the immediate early gene c-fos in the PVN, DMN, ARC, and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus (11). Additional data suggested a role for CART as an endog-enous inhibitor of food intake. Hypothalamic CART peptide …


The inductance of a coil can be increased by passing the magnetic flux through a high permeability magnetic core. Due to flux leakage in most of the inductor designs, not all of the magnetic flux flows in the core. In this paper, we propose a low profile planar shell core inductor and investigate the effect of leakage flux on inductor's electrical performance in terms of inductance, resistance and quality factor. We compare our proposed planar shell core inductor to a traditional toroid inductor with a rectangular core. We demonstrate that enclosed inductor's windings in the core reduce the leakage flux and hence increase the inductance of the planar shell core. We present the simulation results of the magnetic field distribution in the core and in the surrounding air. The proposed design of a planar shell core inductor achieves up to 2–5 % increase in the inductance compared to a traditional toroid inductor using the same area for the flux flow in both designs. Moreover, we present experimental results of the electric performance of such low profile planar shell core inductor.


Motivated by widespread experimental observations of the ``banded structure'' in rapidly solidified alloys, we have studied numerically by Green's-function method the dynamics of the planar interface under rapid directional solidification condition. We find that the formation of this structure can be explained and partially characterized quantitatively in terms of highly nonlinear ``relaxation oscillations'' of the interface whose spacings are controlled by latent heat diffusion but not by the thermal gradient. A comparison with experiment is presented for Al-Fe alloys.


The hydro/solvothermal reactions of Cu(I)/Cu(II) salt, NaN(3), and acetonitrile in water or methanol yield two noninterpenetrated supramolecular networks containing 1D hexagonal and square nanochannels, {[Cu(Mtta)]x0.17H(2)O}(n )(1) and its pseudopolymorph [Cu(Mtta)](n) (2) (Mtta = 5-methyl tetrazolate), involving ligand in-situ formation by cycloaddition of nitriles and azides. The copper(I) centers in both complexes are all bridged by Mtta ligands, forming the different shapes of the cavity. (1) exhibits an unprecedented uniform (8, 3) topological metal network, whereas (2) is a 3-connected (8(2)10) metal net.


Establishing and maintaining proper internal controls is an essential, ongoing, and complex process for today's organizations. Even though managers are ultimately responsible for ensuring internal control, they are typically not well versed in internal control principles. The literature contains no example of an intelligent system deployed to assist managers in recognizing potential problems in internal control systems. Yet, an intelligent system of this kind might prove to be highly beneficial. This study reports on the development of an intelligent system to assist managers, who do not have specific backgrounds in internal control concepts, evaluate potential weaknesses in internal control systems.


The Torrens system in Australia protects the security of the registered title, but at what price is the certainty achieved? The registered title is subject to supervening statutes, and the defects in the registered dealings themselves. The system demands interpretive choices be made at the level of interaction with other statutes, and in determining claims between registered interests, such as between the registered proprietor and lessees or mortgagees. Both statutory and contractual interpretive approaches are required to determine these priority questions.


This letter presents a broadband 2:1 static ECL frequency divider in a 0.8 μm InP DHBT process. The proposed divider is based on an ECL double emitter-followers structure. The maximum cut-off frequency ( ft ) utilization of the device is improved up to 0.967 through theoretical analysis and calculation. The measurement shows that the divider can operate with input frequency from 1 GHz to 62 GHz in sinusoidal waveform, while the maximum ft of the device is 150 GHz. Bandwidth utilization BW/ ft is 0.413, which is an extremely high value for InP devices at the same size.


Today, real criminal cases have entered a phase, wherein they are disseminated as socio-cultural content. The purpose of this article is to examine the mass media's content production strategy for sharing and consuming criminal cases. This article focuses on the strategies by analyzing the 1314th episode of "The Raincoat Killer on Stage" and focusing on the characteristics of different platforms such as TV and YouTube, as well as their correlations with each other. In the episode of "Raincoat Killer on Stage,"a third party (character), distinguished from the host, appeared and positioned the detective's gaze on the mystery toward the middle of the episode. In addition, by appropriating the art style of "play" as a storytelling method, the program's unique dramatization strategy is considerably emphasized at various layers of story structure and scene composition. This is in line with the idea of coping with changes in the media environment, by satisfying the tastes of the viewership who are enthusiastic about crime mysteries, to maintain its influence and use it as the basis for the social function of the investigation program. While the production crew's performativity is highly emphasized in the TV episode of "The Unanswered,"the fact that the intimate conversational relationship between the production subject and audience is fully broadened on the YouTube channel confirms this media strategy. The investigation program's duplicity to obtain the capacity of agenda setting or agenda keeping should be reconsidered, particularly as its genre nature of non-fiction is internally collapsed, presuming the image of the media populace consuming real criminal cases for entertainment.


A GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structure is in situ patterned by irradiating a thin (50 A) epitaxial In0.2Ga0.8As mask layer with an electron beam (EB) while exposing the mask to Cl2 gas. This simultaneous EB/Cl2 exposure increases the resistance of the mask to Cl2 etching. However, the parts of the mask only exposed to Cl2 are easily etched off, resulting in a negative‐type pattern formation. The etching resistance of the EB/Cl2‐exposed area depends on the In content in the InGaAs mask. Possible causes of this are discussed. Using this method, a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well is fabricated into a dot‐matrix pattern.


The state of Qatar suffers from the shortage of natural resources needed for concrete production. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the feasibility of using by-product recycled materials as aggregates to maintain the concrete construction industry. Several types of recyclable materials are currently used in concrete. One of the potential resources of recycled concrete is steel slag. Knowing that Steel slag is the most significant solid waste generated by Qatar Steel Company in Qatar, replacing of natural coarse aggregate with steel slag aggregate will have a significant environmental and economic impact to the state of Qatar. This paper presents the compression and flexural test results of different concrete mixes made of steel slag coarse aggregate combined with a newly developed basalt chopped fibres. The parameters investigated included the volume fraction of the fibre used and the type of coarse aggregates (natural aggregates "Gabbro" and steel slag aggregates). Plain concrete specimens containing natural coarse aggregates and steel slag aggregates with no fibres added were also tested to serve as control. Test results showed that adding the basalt chopped fibres to the concrete mixes enhanced their flexural tensile strengths at different percentages. In addition, the compressive strength of concrete made with steel slag aggregate was higher than that made with natural gabbro aggregate. Test results clearly showed that steel slag aggregates can be used as sustainable and eco-friendly alternative materials in concrete structures.


There is a need for studying the effects of long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fracture rates in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients (n=912, mean age 52 yrs) with mild COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 77% of predicted; mean FEV1/slow vital capacity ratio 62%) were randomized to receive budesonide 400 µg, or placebo twice daily via Turbuhaler®. BMD was measured at the L2–L4 vertebrae and the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 6, 12, 24 and 36 months (n=161). Radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine were obtained at the beginning and end of treatment (n=653). Previous fractures were present at baseline in 43 budesonide-treated patients (13.4%) and 38 placebo-treated patients (11.5%). New fractures occurred in five budesonide-treated patients, compared with three in the placebo group (p=0.50). There were no significant changes in BMD at any site in budesonide-treated patients, compared with the placebo group, during the course of the study. Budesonide treatment was associated with a slight but statistically significant decrease in the area under the concentration-time curve for serum osteocalcin. In the present study, involving a large group of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, long-term treatment with budesonide 800 µg·day−1 via Turbuhaler® had no clinically significant effects on bone mineral density or fracture rates.


In recent years, Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have successfully presented as a possible extension of the Internet architecture in order to provide communication support to existing networks. However, these networks have a major issue which is the coordination among relays. In this work, we study the cooperative transmission for DTNs using coalitional game theory. We design a new incentive mechanism for heterogeneous system to induce coordination among DTN relays. In particular, we focus on the source packet dissemination to a destination using tow-hop relaying scheme, considering networks resource constraints: the relay buffer, the packet life time, and the energy consumption according to the mobile technologies. Rational mobiles are organized into separate coalition structures to meet a trade off between the source reward and the energy conservation. We discus the Nash equilibria for our game and the stable strategy state in which no mobile can get a higher payoff through changing unilaterally its coalition. Then, we use the distributed imitative Boltzmann-Gibbs learning algorithm enabling relays to learn the Nash equilibrium strategy; grand coalition. The improvement of the global system performance is examined, and a comparison between different inter-node collaboration states is presented.


Objective To discuss clinical efficacy of TUDP and PKRP in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods Clinical of 30 cases with BPH treated by TUDP and 30 cases treated by PKRP were retrospective analyzed.Operation time, complications, I-PSS quality of life and so on were compared. Results I-PSS score, quality score,Qmax, RUV of two groups had significant differences between before and after treatment(P 0.01), and had significant differences after treatment between two groups too(P0.01). Complications of PKRP group were lower than TUDP group(P 0.01). Conclusion TUDP in treatment of BPH can improve clinical symptoms, quality of life,showing optional value for patients with poor cardiopulmonary function, poor economic conditions.


Climate change is real; and its health implications are numerous and serious. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include responsible consumption (SDG 12) and climate action (SDG 13). Scientific conferences are significant and regularly recurring components of professional life. They represent major opportunities, e.g., of information exchange, networking and quality assurance. At the same time, they involve major amounts of traveling as well as other resource-intensive activities.
 For several years now, based on a perspective of sustainability and professional credibility, EUPHA has taken steps of caring about the impact on environment and health, especially of "greening" the EPH conferences. This includes efforts to learn from other associations and institutions. Within EUPHA, a "Green Club" was formed to develop suggestions and to promote the issue.
 The intention is to reduce the "ecological footprint", including less resource consumption and fewer emissions. But "greening" our conferences turns out to be no trivial task. In some respects (e.g. air travel), the environmental and health implications are obvious, but to establish benign alternatives is challenging. In other respects (e.g. catering/regional food), the implications of different alternatives can be much harder to identify.
 An important element of current debate on climate protection is "climate compensation", i.e. paying for compensation measures in proportion to the approximate production of CO2, e.g. from travel activities. This is offered by various providers), and often can be included during the booking procedure. There is, however, a debate questioning the rationale, pointing at technical and/or ethical difficulties implied in this approach. Given the state of climate change, it is urgent to continue the debate and to intensify practical action.
 Key issues for this workshop include the following: What has been achieved so far? What experiences were made, e.g. concerning usability of tools? Can quantification of emissions from our conferences (especially from air travel) contribute to increasing awareness and to moving towards solutions? What tasks lie ahead? What specific suggestions can be given, e.g., for the 2020 World Congress Public Health in Rome?
 Clearly, in tune with the SDGs, the same "footprint" metaphor applies - beyond our conferences - to regular work (in offices, labs, fieldwork and duty travel), private travel, recreation, and daily life at large. It is an open question if it is better to integrate such issues into one "integrative" (and complex) approach, or to deal with these issues "one by one", which might take ages to achieve; or what other ways towards "greening" our lives should be taken. For such discussion, it will be useful to continue cooperation with other professional associations and/or institutions, facing similar challenges.

 For reasons of responsibility and credibility, professional associations need to care about their ecological footprint; EUPHA created a "Green Club" and explores practical measures for "greening". Both resource consumption and emissions from EPH conferences are considerable, calling for intensified action, e.g. provision of evidence, awareness-building, and promotion of eco-friendly options.


The newly‐formed Near Surface Geophysics Section of the SEG held its first workshop at the 63rd Annual Meeting in Washington DC on 30 September 1993. The workshop, entitled "The Advancement of Environmental Geophysics", was organized to provide a forum for discussing the forces which control the future of environmental geophysics. Environmental geophysics is now strong, but how long will it remain strong, and how much stronger can it be? Seven speakers, grouped in three panels, addressed this topic from several perspectives, with due consideration to existing laws, regulations, and funding opportunities.


This research in progress paper aims to explore ERP upgrades, required process changes for successfully aligning upgraded ERP modules to business functions and resulting organizational capabilities for improved productivity. The research is guided by the theories of Dynamic Capabilities and Benefits Dependency Network. It is an interpretive study to be accomplished via online expert panel discussions and case studies. The findings of this qualitative study are expected to add to the knowledge on ERP upgrades and to productivity improvements achieved from IT (ERP).


In answer to our comrade Blackwell's suggestion and in default of someone else beginning that free discussion he speaks of, I wish to note down a few thoughts suggested by reading the clauses of the Anarchist Congress at Valentia, as stated by our comrade; premising that I do so in no polemical spirit, but simply giving my own thoughts and hopes for the future for what they may be worth. I will begin by saying that I call myself a Communist, and have no wish to qualify that word by joining any other to it. The aim of Communism seems to me to be the complete equality of condition for all people; and anything in a Socialist direction which stops short of this is merely a compromise with the present condition of society, a halting-place on the road to the goal. This is the only logical outcome of any society which is other than a close company sustained by violence for the express purpose of "the exploitation of man by man" in the interest of the strongest. Our present "society" dominated by capitalism, the society of contract, is a form of this class-society which has been forced upon those who hold the slave ideal by the growth of knowledge and the acquirement by man of mastery over the forces of nature. The history of "society" since the fall of feudalism has been the gradual freeing of class or slave-society from the fetters of superstition, so that it might develop naturally within its prescribed limits of "exploitation of man by man," and that stupendous and marvellously rapid growth in power and resources of modern slave-society is due to this shaking off of superstition. Communism also will have to keep itself free of superstition. Its ethics will have to be based on the recognition of natural cause and effect, and not on rules derived from a priori ideas of the relation of man to the universe or some imagined ruler of it; and from these two things, the equality of condition and the recognition of the cause and effect of material nature, will grow all Communistic life. So far I think I can see clearly; but when I try to picture to myself the forms which that life will take, I confess I am at fault, and I think we must all be so. Most people who can be said to think at all are now beginning to see that the realization of Socialism is certain; although many can see no further than a crude and incomplete State Socialism, which very naturally repels many from Socialism altogether. All genuine Socialists admit that Communism is the necessary development of Socialism; but I repeat, further than this all must be speculative; and surely in speculating on the future of society we should try to shake ourselves clear of mere phrases: especially as many of them will cease to have a meaning when the change comes that we all of us long for. And here I join issue with our Anarchist-Communist friends, who are somewhat authoritative on the matter of authority, and not a little vague also. For if freedom from authority means the assertion of the advisability or possibility of an individual man doing what he pleases always and under all circumstances, this is an absolute negation of society, and makes Communism as the highest expression of society impossible; but when you begin to qualify this assertion of the right to do as you please by adding "as long as you don't interfere with other people's


Configuration files are critical for most networking devices – without configuration they are not functioning at all, or can't perform some essential functions. There is reach variety of networking devices, and different approaches for configuration management. Present paper aims to propose a software application for centralized configuration management of some networking devices, which can assist network administrators in backup and restore tasks for their networks.


Brin and Larry proposed PageRank in 1998, which appears as a prevailing link analysis technique used by web search engines to rank its search results list. Computation of PageRank values in an efficient and faster manner for very immense web graph is truly an essential concern for search engines today. To identify the spam web pages and also deal with them is yet another important concern in web browsing. In this research article, an efficient and faster parallel PageRank algorithm is proposed, which harnesses the power of graphics processing units (GPUs). In proposed algorithm, the PageRank scores are non-uniformly distributes among the web pages, so it is also competent of coping with spam web pages. The experiments are performed on standard datasets available in Stanford large network dataset collection. There is a speed up of about 1.1 to 1.7 for proposed parallel PageRank algorithm over existing parallel PageRank algorithm.


The development of tourism potential is not only in nature tourism but culture tourism, the community protects cultural tourism in Lombok by carrying out the routine customs of Bau Nyale (re: Bau is catching, Nyale is sea worms). Traditional customs traditions are carried out as an effort to preserve culture in the form of entertainment and ritual processions. This is done as a dynamic in the recovery of the economic sector while developing the potential for cultural tourism in the Mandalika SEZ. This research is qualitative research with an exploratory approach, the phenomenon is analyzed with the theory of Symbolic Interactionism by George Herbert Mead, with a component of community social action in developing the potential of cultural tourism in Lombok. The result of the research is the Bau Nyale tradition with the adaptation of new habits carried out with wisdom to be an innovation in introducing the Sasak tradition to the wider community. Although in its implementation there is a reduction in activities, the potential of tradition is still manifested in a series of ceremonial events, so that it still exists as an attraction for the surrounding community and tourists, in addition, the historical site of the Princess Mandalika Statue is a priority area to visit. The involvement of human resources is important in the process of developing cultural tourism as an implementer of cultural socialization and promotion, implementers of cultural values and norms, with the synergy of local governments and traditional figures who contribute to the implementation.


This paper analyzes the present situation of and problems existing in the construction of rural residences,expounds some concrete contents of a good plan of new rural community and a good design of new rural community residences,and points out that the construction of new rural community has become the main trend of our country's rural economic and social development in the near future and compiling a good residential design possesses important significance.


Aims: Detecting diffuse synchrotron emission from the cosmic web is still a challenge for current radio telescopes. We aim to make predictions for the detectability of cosmic web filaments from simulations. Methods: We present the first cosmological MHD simulation of a 500 $h^{-1} c$Mpc volume with an on-the-fly spectral cosmic ray (CR) model. This allows us to follow the evolution of populations of CR electrons and protons within every resolution element of the simulation. We model CR injection at shocks, while accounting for adiabatic changes to the CR population and high energy loss processes of electrons. The synchrotron emission is then calculated from the aged electron population, using the simulated magnetic field, as well as different models for origin and amplification of magnetic fields. We use constrained initial conditions, which closely resemble the local Universe and compare the results of the cosmological volume to zoom-in simulation of the Coma cluster, to study the impact of resolution and turbulent re-acceleration of CRs on the results. Results: We find consistent injection of CRs at accretion shocks onto cosmic web filaments and galaxy clusters. This leads to diffuse emission from filaments of the order $S_\nu \approx 0.1 \: \mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ for a potential LOFAR observation at 144 MHz, when assuming the most optimistic magnetic field model and the inclusion of an on-the-fly treatment of re-acceleration of electrons by turbulence. The flux can be increased by up-to two orders of magnitude for different choices of CR injection parameters. This can bring the flux within a factor of 10 of the current limits for direct detection. We find a spectral index of the simulated synchrotron emission from filaments of {\alpha} {\approx} 1.0 - 1.5.


What Is Total Quality Management: Exploring the Concepts Underlying Total Quality Management, Harry Costin. History and Evolution of the Quality Movement, David A. Garvin. Continuous Incremental Improvement: An Operations Strategy for Higher Quality, Lower Costs, And Global Competitiveness, Harold L. Gilmore. Managing for High Productivity and Quality, Ronald Mcneil. Building Learning Organization, Peter Senge. Total Quality Management Classics: Total Quality Control, Armand V. Feigenbaum. On Some Statistical Aids Toward Economic Friction Production, W. Edwards Deming. The Quality Trilogy: A Universal Approach for Managing for Quality, J.M. Juran. Quality Is Free, Philip B. Crosby. A Note on Quality: The Views of Deming, Juran and Crosby. What Is Total Quality Control: The Japanese Way, Kaoru Ishikawa. Total Quality Management Tools: The Tools of Quality, John T. Burr. Management for Quality Improvement: The Seven New QC Tools, Shigeru Mizuno. Total Quality Management Processes: Leading the Organization to Perfection Through Daily Management, John W. Moran, Jr. Just-In-Time: A Production System Built on a Code of Ethics, Helene S. Fine. Statistical Process Control: Sophisticated but Simple, Ellen Domb. Hoshin Planning: A Planning System for Implementing Total Quality Management, Goal QPC Research Report. Listening to the Voice of the Customer: Becoming to the Voice of the Customer: Becoming Customer Oriented, Mary Lou Roberts. Quality Function Deployment: A Process for Translating. Customers' Needs Into a Better Product and Profile, Goal QPC Research Report. TQM-Related Frameworks and Implementation Issues: Integrating TQM Into Daily Worklife, Joann Demott. Possible Historical Sources of Japanese Management Practices, Jan C. Knakal. Organizational Impact of Introducing Concurrent Engineering, Ellen Domb, Robert Culver and Richard Rawcliffe. Benchmarking: Staying Ahead of the Pack! Ronald Mcneil. Basic TQM Tools and the Management of Multiple Personality Disorder, Elizabeth Power. Lessons for Learning Organization, Barry Goff, Barry Sheckley and Sandra Hastings. TQM Implementation: The Voice of the Internal Customer, Madelyn Yucht. Teams and Labour Issues: Implementing TQM with Self Directed Teams, Michael Brower. TQM: Labour Management Cooperation, Robert P. Waxler and Thomas Higginson. TQM in Higher Education: TQM Reaches the Academy, Ted Marchese-Implementing Total Quality Management in a University Setting, Edwin Coate. The Paradigm Shifts Required to Apply TQM and Teams in Higher Education, Michael Brower. Appendix I: Quality Awards. Appendix II: Database of Authors. Appendix III: Sources.


A decrease in the attention of the operator or his incorrect reaction during prolonged interaction with the technical system is one of the most serious problems. From the point of view of the theory of information metabolism of the psyche - socionics - this means that the human psyche does not receive adequate information signals that support its necessary working state, concentration of consciousness, level of attention, etc. The solution to this problem is connected with the definition of the information characteristics of the technical system and with the construction of adequate information interaction in the integral complex "operator - technical system". It is achieved by using the method of socionical analysis and modeling. Knowledge the information structure of a technical system gives opportunity to predict a number of features of its behavior. It gives additional significant information about the parameters that must be taken into account for adequate monitoring of the system's behavior. The second task is related to the form of providing the system with signals to the operator for the subsequent adequate reaction. A human operator has a certain type of information metabolism, and receiving information on some informational aspects is familiar and convenient for him, but on the other is associated with tension. To solve this problem there are identified and considered 16 possible specific modes of psycho-informational interaction of a human operator as a carrier of a certain socionic type of information metabolism with technical or electronic systems, including artificial intelligence systems. These modes can be complementary, resonant, neutral or non-complementary. The specificity of psycho-informational interaction is certainly important from the point of view of efficiency and safety.


The present invention discloses a fan and impeller. Fan comprising an impeller, the impeller comprising a hub and a plurality of blades connected to the hub, each blade comprising, connected to a base of the hub and with respect to the wing end of the base, wherein the blade thickness of the blade end is greater than the blade thickness of the base, and the blade the wing having an end guide portion. Whereby improved blade tip clearance of the impeller relief problems, to improve the fan efficiency and reduce noise.


Fuzzy information granulation is key to many applications. Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) are an important technology in control systems and reasoning. ANFIS, FIS trained with Adaptive Networks, are a promising machine learning method to tackle the so-called data deluge. The heterogeneity and lack of quality control in big-data, however, lead to inhomogeneous, dynamically changing, non-partitioning granularities. Rough set theory is a powerful, widely used tool to model and represent information granulation in representations. Classical rough set theory is based on an indiscernibility relation that is an equivalence relation. As such it can describe well how information granulation at multiple layers of granularity gives rise to granularity phenomena, where partitions at a finer granularity group into partitions of a coarser granularity. This is usually given if classification is designed by an expert, e.g., using a classical taxonomy. However, information from different sources or untrained users, e.g. from social media or mobile phone sensors, may not be consistent in this manner. This paper investigates a generalization of rough set theory that assumes an indistinguishability relation, which behaves similar to indiscernibility but is not transitive, i.e. not an equivalence relation. In contrast to the even more general tolerance relations in rough set theory, indistinguishability retains an important property from perceptual indistinguishability in human cognition. The paper shows that many important properties of rough set theory do not depend on the transitivity property but can be achieved with this weaker cognitively motivated property, opening the way for new applications of the theory in domains such as volunteered geographic information.


This paper reveals the general trends in gas flaring in seven major oil companies in Nigeria from 2000 to 2008. It reveals which company's flaring activities constitutes the greatest hazard. Data was collected through archival sources. Gas flaring activities was highest between 2000 to2002 but presently only about a quarter of all gas produced is flared. TEXACO and PAN OCEAN has been flaring more than 95% of its gas from 2000 to 2008. SHELL was discovered to maintain the best record in terms of the fact that its flaring activities has been decreasing consistently over the years. Some of the recommendations are planned targeted policies towards gas flaring reduction, increased government taxation on gas flaring and governmental reward packages to companies with lowest flaring activities are also necessitated.


Information technology is developing very fast, this has an impact on real changes in every element of life. In addition to hitting the information media industry, developments in information technology have brought updates to public spaces with easy access and an increasingly massive pattern of information distribution. Ease of access does not always present a positive side but there is a negative side, namely shifting communication patterns with the spread of false information or disinformation methods that invite public upheaval. This research uses the case study method, which is one way to investigate contemporary phenomena in the context of real life, where the boundaries between the phenomenon and the context are not clearly visible. Through the Social Network Analyzer (SNA) theoretical approach, this research will find three communication network patterns, namely a centralized network, a decentralized network and a distributed network.


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### Biography

Tom is a consultant in prehospital care at Bart's Health and consultant in intensive care medicine at King's College Hospital. He trained predominantly in Greater Manchester before undertaking a secondment to London's Air Ambulance in 2008. He is the medical director of London's Air Ambulance.

I think something that has served me well is the idea of positive regard, the assumption of positive intent. This particularly holds during a difficult period where people are under significant stress and strain and we don't always know what's going on for people in the other facet of their lives. This involves looking at behaviours or issues that are raised and asking yourself 'what's the most positive possible explanation for this?' and then assuming that's the case. Then you can explore it with them if you need to, rather than thinking 'They're a problem and they need to do what they're told.' That is something that has been useful for me during this…because it's all very easy to say 'don't overreact and keep calm,' but actually, what's the intellectual underpinning for that? One intellectual underpinning is you can't possibly know all of the what's going on in someone's head. You can't possibly know all the things that are relevant for that person. Everyone sees this as a major challenge we're all trying to do what we think is the right thing. Let's work with that as an assumption, that this makes sense for that person and that they think this is a helpful and positive contribution that they're making.

I started a new leadership role as the medical director for the air ambulance in January. I had a couple of months in the early phases of the role and I was busy doing the initial engaging and meeting people and building a team. Then …

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Introduction: Webster's defines the word " motivate " as " impel or to urge forward by the exertion of strong moral pressure. " In the context of academia and education, however, motivation takes on a slightly different meaning. According to Linda Nilson, the term means " stimulating the desire to learn something. " 1 There are, of course, two types of motivation when it comes to education or any other field for that matter: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is what is more commonly known as self-motivation and, according to Robert Eisenberger and Judy Cameron, " is said to be demonstrated when people engage in an activity primarily for its own sake, whereas extrinsically motivated behavior is controlled by incentives that are not part of the activity. " 2 One thing that is commonly agreed upon by most psychologists and teachers alike is that, whether it is intrinsic or extrinsic, motivation is a must in the classroom. As instructors, it seems we have an obligation to ensure our students are motivated, if it is so essential to learning. How do we achieve this? This is a question that has been asked in many studies. A question which has not been asked with much frequency, however, is how does a teacher motivate students when few or no extrinsic rewards/motivational options are available? This literature review will examine the aforementioned question.


In the article the problems of implementation of human rights in particular, the military, to legal assistance. Analyzes the legal bases of the theory and history of legal assistance in the modern Russian law.


Sustainable crops such as flax can supplement world cotton supplies. Recovery of the fibers from the plants is a critical stage in the process, and optimization of the harvesting time is a significant factor. The mechanical decortication process is strongly influenced by the degree of retting and the mechanical properties of the flax straw. Changes in the plant morphology during maturation affect the stiffness of the straw and are assessed using three-point bending to determine the bending rigidity of the straw. Correlations between these data and the ease of decortication are investigated.


Antigen administration by the intraperitoneal route stimulated greater antibody response than by the intravenous route in normal, adult mice. The 30-day LD50 dose for (C3H × 101)F1 mice was 756.3 r (95% confidence limits of 728.1 and 786.5 r). Antibody response for sheep red blood cells during the maximum depression period after varying doses of X radiation to the total body was measured in terms of a) inducation period, b) rate of antibody appearance in the circulation, c) mean peak titer and d) mean total titer. No quantitative relation between radiation dose and antibody response was apparent when mean peak titer was used as an index of antibody response. A curvilinear relation for the radiation dose and antibody response was obtained in terms of induction period, rate of antibody appearance, and mean total titer. The significance of these findings is discussed.


Knowledge about people's natural or preferred ways of exploring a system could reveal cognitive paths through which users learn a system. This knowledge can also inform the design of interfaces that facilitate users' learning of the system and the design of training materials that better accommodate users' preferences. In the study, we investigate the behaviors of first-time users' behavior of exploring a web space for consumer health information, MedlinePlus, and discuss implications for designing consumer health information retrieval systems.


This paper presents the life cycle assessment (LCA) of sugar cane production at PG Ngadirejo, that is consist of sugar cane cultivation, transportation and sugar processing. The objective of the study was to identify and review the critical areas of potential Global Warning Potential (GWP) environmental impacts in sugarcane life cycle on PG Ngadirejo. Energy consumption in the sugarcane life cycle is 116.562.52 MJ/ton sugar where the largest consumption in coal energy usage 87%. The relative contribution of CO2 emission contributor, sugar processing contributes the biggest GHG emission of 96.4% (10.728 ton CO2/ton of sugar) with the use of fossil fuels reaching 9,344 ton CO2/ton sugar (87%). In sugarcane cultivation, fertilizer manufacture contributed the largest environmental impact of 0.29 tons CO2/ton of sugar 73.48%, pesticide manufacture 22.5%, and mechanization 4%. The emission reduction from bagasse that replaces fossil fuels in sugar production is 2.43 tons CO2-eq/ton of sugar, reaching 25% of total CO2/ton sugar emissions. Some options for the environmental performance improvement of sugarcane including the optimal use of fertilizers and pesticides, the concentration of sugar mills, co-generation project implementation.


I was handed a request to return a patient's call and given a name, signs and symptoms and a number with ten digits, starting with a seven. There was no preceding zero, and assuming it must be a mistake I stuck one on, and dialled. The number was unobtainable.


The aim of this paper is to collect and resume the work done to build and develop, at the University of Pisa, an engineering tool related to the natural circulation. After a brief description of the different loop flow regimes in single phase and two phase, the derivation of a suitable tool to judge the NC performance in a generic system is presented. Finally, an extensive comparison among the NC performance of various nuclear power plants having different design is done to show a practical application of the NC flow map.


Problems with modeling continuous processes are evident in dealing with multi-level control systems , where in addition to an extensive process management level there is also another level of control equivalent to a continuous optimization process . It is natural that the quality of any product technology needs to be improved comprehensively by replacing the technology itself , as well as continuous optimization of operation in which it is necessary to use not only the exact theoretical resources and practical experience respectively . Heuristic level of supervisory control . There are new possibilities of using fuzzy controller to replace humans in the management and optimization processes . In addition to these options is the use of fuzzy controllers in practice is very large . Successfully managed to solve the example , management of steam turbines , control of chemical reactors and cement plants . Examples of non-traditional uses can be use fuzzy controller to accelerate the learning of neural networks.


The indole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles for its presence in a vast number of bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Due to their widest spectrum of biological activity and some of them have been used in clinical trials, construction and functionalization of indoles have attracted considerable interests from synthetic and medicinal chemists for over a hundred years. Among the naturally occurring indole alkaloids, those containing 3,4-fused in- dole skeleton possess a major part and have been especially considered attractive synthetic targets because of their unique structure and biological activities. This review emphasized on the methodologies and strategies of construction of 3,4-fused indole skeleton, and their application in total synthesis of natural products. Keywords indole alkaloids; 3,4-fused indoles; natural products; total synthesis


This thesis is aimed at improving simulation efficiency for stratified-wavy gasliquid flows. Towards this goad, the simpler nature of incompressible two-phase flows is utilized for predicting hydraulic wave dynamics, both through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Numerical methods proposed for the incompressible two-fluid model include • a hybridization of a finite volume method with analytical roll-wave profile solutions, • a Method of Characteristics and finite volume hybridizations thereof, and • a linearized Riemann solver (Roe scheme.) Theoretical analyses based on the same model further the understanding of KelvinHelmholtz stability in stratified pipe flows and provide a comprehensive account of how the flow stability predictions of numerical simulators depend on model discretization. Kelvin-Helmholtz/von Neumann analysis is shown to be a valuable support tool for choosing numerical scheme and simulation parameters. Finally, a dual grid scheme is proposed which enables us to extend the computational benefits of incompressible flow models to compressible systems. The dual grid scheme effectively decouples the length scales and numerical CFL restrictions of hydraulic (incompressible) waves from that of acoustic (compressibility) waves. Efficiency is observed to be improved by several orders of magnitude for a wide range of simulation cases.


The complexity of today's supply chains and the advent of highly sophisticated technologies have fundamentally changed the skills needed within the supply chain organization. As a result, companies face three primary challenges: determining how to structure the organization, defining roles and responsibilities and finding the right people with the right skills. The concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been developing for many years as companies and industries have come to realize that focusing on the value-creation process in isolation from suppliers and customers is not sufficient. Once firms began to integrate internally, it became evident that the greatest opportunity for cost and service improvements lay in the coordination of activities and processes between supply chain firms. The demand for professionals who can think in terms of integrated activities and processes has grown as implementation of SCM has validated its ability to reduce total costs, minimize supply risks, and enhance service levels to customers. A fundamental premise of supply chain management is to view the network of facilities, processes, and people that procure raw materials, transform them into products, and ultimately distribute them to the customer as an integrated chain, rather than a group of separate, but somewhat interrelated, tasks. The importance of this integration cannot be overstated because the links of the chain are the key to achieving the goal. Every company has a supply chain, but not every company manages their supply chain for strategic advantage. In this paper, we describe the importance of an effective logistics organization to a firm. Any company consists of activities that link together to develop the value of the business, and together these activities form the organization's value chain. Such activities may include purchasing activities, manufacturing the products, distribution and marketing of the company's products and brands. Michael Porter, the author of value chain concept, suggested that the organization is split into "primary activities" and "support activities". Both Inbound Logistics and Outbound Logistics are included in the category of primary activities. Many companies have shown significant improvements in their logistics cost-service mix as a result of organizational changes the most important ingredient in successful management is the integration of all the logistics activities under a single individual, department or division. Today, there are different types of organizational structures and a company should choose the one that best suits their needs. This paper describe the traditional structures, the divisional structure, the matrix structure and the new types of organizations that include Interorganizational or Interfunctional teams, Virtual Corporation and Hollow Corporation. Organizational structures and functional areas within organizations have transformed significantly over the past four to five decades. The evolution of the supply chain organization passed from the traditional organization, functionally oriented, to the integrated supply chain organization, in which the supply chain organization is a separate function or entity. Logistics organizations are generally structured along the following lines: strategic versus operational, centralized versus decentralized and line versus staff, in various combinations. There is no single-ideal organizational structure.-but there are important elements that comprise an effective organization. In general, the factors contributing to organizational effectiveness can be categorized as organizational characteristics, environmental characteristics, employee characteristics, and managerial policies and practices.


Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every 8 minutes a woman in developing nation die due to complications arising from an unsafe abortion. Abortion is one of the most fundamental healthcare needs of a woman. Inspite of legislation of abortion, the incidences of illegal & unsafe abortion have not come down in our Country & quality & coverage of MTP services remain poor. Medical abortion with a combination of Mefipristone and Misoprostol is safe and effective alternative to Suction & Evacuation upto 9 weeks of gestation. Methods and Material: All 200 patients attending outpatient and emergency department of obstetrics and gynaecology, a tertiary care center with history of intake of abortion pill (mifepristone and misoprostol). And all the patients were divided into two groups, Group A: 100 Women with Amenorrhea ≤49 days. Group B: 100 Women with Amenorrhea 50 -63 days. After confirming gestational age by ultrasound, and after written informed consent, following regimen was followed while prescribing the study drugs. Mifepristone standard regimen. Results: The baseline data of the 200 women enrolled in the study. The two groups were comparable in age, parity, previous MTP and previous LSCS. 80% women in group A and 68% women in group B aborted within 4 hours. The difference was not found to be statistically significant. The requirement of additional dose of Misoprostol in both the groups. 20(20%) women in group A and 32(32%) women in group B required additional dose. The difference was not statistically significant. The average duration of bleeding was significantly longer in women with 50-63 days of gestation (7.33±2.32) days as compared with women with gestational age ≤49days (6.50±2.49), P <0.5. Adverse effects observed in the two groups. Conclusion: Medical abortion is effective and safe when carried out under medical supervision. Our study has demonstrated that the use of this combination can be effectively and safely extended for inducing abortions in women with amenorrhoea upto 63 days (9 weeks gestation).


This volume shows in chronological order the most impressive images and the most important developments in the art of light that is photography. Display at the George Eastman House through March 12, 2000. 743 illustrations.


Reactor noise, caused both by the probabilistic nature of the fission chains and external reactivity noises, is one of the basic topics in nuclear science and engineering, both in theory and practice. Modeling reactor noise (and neutron flux fluctuation in general) is traditionally performed by two main approaches: the stochastic transport equation for the probability generating function and the transfer function response to random perturbations. This paper suggest a new modeling approach, corresponding to an intermediate regime, where noise is modeled by Brownian motion. A derivation of the model is presented, physically justified by the great number of particles involved, and mathematically supported by the method of diffusion approximations. The model is described by means of a stochastic differential equation, that is analyzed in the case of prompt reactivity. As a first application of our approach we present a straightforward derivation of the well-known Feynman-Y formula. Further, we propose an alternative to the traditional sampling scheme of the Feynman-Y function, based on mean absolute deviation, known from the statistics literature to be more robust than the mean square deviation estimator. Further applications of the proposed approach and its advantages over existing diffusion scale approximations are discussed. keywords: Point reactor kinetics; diffusion approximations; stochastic differential equations


I know where I'm going I just don't have the address. Here's the key. Take the car and drive to the end of the block. Do you want me to shoot someone or build you a house? Aromatic wood was burning in the cast iron brazier by the side of the pool. He ran in and out of the shadows for almost a mile then gave up and jumped on a bus. I feel like some music. Does the radio work? I'm going to smoke a cigarette. Never mind where we're going. Just keep your eyes on the road. They cut him good and deep. Just below the ribs on his left side. When he smiled a line of blood trickled out of the corner of his mouth. Behind the door a small audience was applauding the recitation of an old song. He ran his fingers through the thick blonde hair on the back of his head. Where was the melody? He didn't want to keep his friends waiting any longer. Thick smoke rises into the veil of lavender that lingers from the previous fire. A ghost and an angel define the shadows by dancing along the cracks in the ceiling. The tricks of the trade for the names of the streets. A failed substitution. Private details of a discarded world. I recognize the proof in the dissolve. Palimpsest- written between January 26th and March 16th. Letters: composed between March 16th and April 21 st. Codicil: translated with J. on April 25th. The 31 Sequels: begun on April 26th. Plan for Pond 4: translated with J. on April 30th. The complexity built from something more to add to the lion's mouth. [May 2nd] 1, 2,4,5, 6 ... they forgot Wednesday. But the calendar makers were shrewd. By also omitting the following Saturday the month realized its proper resolution. Two omissions = 1 heads blindly for 31. Made to be a loss and then another made right. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo. The gloom still clings to the approaching light that fills the missing days. The continuous. The metropolitan. The first letter to the second letter and on to the last letter. T to H. From H to T The days, weeks, months pass. T to H. From T to H. Second initiative, second front. Before the E eleven people are engulfed by the snow never to be seen again. You alone survive. Arriving here with me. Distikhos. Beeswing. Reverie is the second codicil and the fifth project. Died back into the provided page. Countenance shuffled. Pared away. Orogeny (the last word of the evening): a walk in the woods, a blank sheet of paper, swollen ankles, Mozart and a glass of wine. …


Abstract : Increased consideration of regional economic implications of recreation programs associated with Corps water resource development projects has resulted in the need for improved procedures for measuring these effects. An approach is proposed for developing credible, technically sound economic impact assessments of agency recreation programs. The approach involves four steps: (a) identification of appropriate economic impact indicators; (b) development of representative recreation expenditure final demand vectors; (c) creation of recreation demand models to measure recreation use shifts under different management actions; and (d) use of economic input/output models to transform shifts in recreation use into regional income and employment effects. Implementation of the proposed approach improves the ability of the agency to assess the full range of outputs associated with water resource development projects. This increased capability improves the agency's ability to communicate regional benefits of programs to affected state and local agencies, thus creating opportunities for maintaining and expanding recreation program partnerships to improve service to the visiting public.


Traditionally, a single junction tree is used as the secondary structure for inference in a Bayesian network. However, its applicability and efficiency are restricted by the size of the junction tree. In this paper, we demonstrate that using a hierarchy of junction trees (HJT) as the secondary structure instead will greatly alleviate this restriction and improve the performance. We also compare the proposed HJT with other similar schemes for inference in Bayesian networks.


High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a novel mode of exercise training that has been shown to improve several components of health in various healthy and diseased populations. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to assess arterial stiffness and intima media thickness at three time points of an 8-week HIIT intervention in healthy adult men. METHODS: Eighteen healthy, sedentary men (age: 25 ± 5 y, BMI: 26.7 ± 5.8 kg/m 2 ) participated in the study. Subjects trained three days/week for eight weeks. Training was comprised of three to six 'all out' Wingate cycling tests separated by 4.5 min of active recovery. Vascular assessments were taken at baseline, after four weeks, and after eight weeks of training. Augmentation index at 75 beats per minute (AIx@75) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed by applanation tonometry. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) was measured using b-mode ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons after Tukey's LSD adjustment were used to identify significance between measurements. Pearson correlations determined the relationship between baseline values and the change in values at 8 weeks. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: HIIT elicited a significant decrease (p 0.05) between baseline, 4-weeks, or 8-weeks of HIIT in measures of AIx@75 (-3.6 ± 10.9%, -5.6 ± 8.3%, -3.2 ± 9.5%), aortic pulse pressure (26.6 ± 4.5 mmHg, 25.2 ± 3.8 mmHg, 25.2 ± 4.1 mmHg), PWV (5.6 ± 1.0 m/s, 5.8 ± 0.9 m/s, 5.6 ± 0.7 m/s), or CIMT (0.509 ± 0.082 mm, 0.517 ± 0.075 mm, 0.513 ± 0.077 mm). Baseline levels of AIx@75 (r 2 = 0.25) and PWV (r 2 = 0.60) were negatively correlated to the change in these values after 8 weeks of HIIT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study demonstrate that 8 weeks of HIIT is an insufficient stimulus to reduce AIx@75, PWV, or CIMT in a group of healthy but sedentary men. The present study supports previous research that suggests vascular adaptations are mediated by baseline arterial stiffness.


A new measurement of the {pi}{sup +}{r arrow}{ital e}{sup +}{nu} branching ratio gives {ital R}{sub {pi}{ital e}{nu}}={Gamma}({pi}{r arrow}{ital e}{nu}+{pi}{r arrow}{ital e}{nu}{gamma})/{Gamma} ({pi}{r arrow}{mu}{nu}+{pi}{r arrow}{mu}{nu}{gamma}) =(1.2265{plus minus}0.0034(stat){plus minus}0.0044(sys)){times}10{sup {minus}4}. This result is in agreement with standard model calculations and confirms the hypothesis of electron-muon universality at the 0.2% level.


In a cylindrical combustion chamber,Canon A70 was used to take pictures and thermocouples were used to measure the temperature of kerosene spray flame produced by an effervescent atomizer.Based on those experimental data,it can be found that exhaust gas recirculation will strengthen the process of evaporation of droplets,so shorten the length of flame.At the same time,the exhaust gas dilute the oxygen in high temperature zone,thus the color of flame is no longer white and shiny.Using TESTO350 Fuel Gas Analyzer,the composition and concentration of the exhaust gas were obtained.It can be found that the gas recirculation will decrease the fraction of CmHn drastically,so the combustion efficiency can be improved.The reason could be that high temperature exhaust gas heating the fuel spray.Additionally,exhaust gas recirculation reduces the NO_x emission level about 30%.Experimental data indicate that the exhaust gas recirculation can control NO_x emission effectively.


Even after decades of research, visual space perception remains the subject of active investigation, indicating that it is indeed a challenging problem. Even at a functional level, we are still far from fully understanding some fundamental issues, such as the mapping between physical and visual space (visually perceived space), the connection between visual space and action, and which aspects of visual stimulation are most important in determining the structure of visual space. In the absence of a functional-level understanding, it is hardly surprising that our understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms lags further behind. Nowhere is our lack of understanding more apparent than when one attempts to synthesize realistic virtual environments using computer graphics; most challenging in this regard is making large-scale vistas and structures appear as immense as their real-world counterparts.


As we live longer in the developed world our chances of experiencing a long-term condition grow, whether it is our own condition or that of someone close to us (Presho, 2008). The contemporary focus on 'survivorship' in cancer care (Bellury et al., 2011) is a good example of our changing experiences of health status. More people are living with cancer, rather than dying prematurely from it, and this has huge systemic ramifications for the individual and their social network. These ramifications include injury to the person's mental health. For example, postdiagnosis, people with cancer are vulnerable to developing debilitating depression (Slovacek et al., 2009).Deacon (2008) has argued that good mental health is a prerequisite for positive adjustment and effective self-management in the face of developing a long-term condition. Consequently she argues that promoting mental health should be considered as important and routine interventions given by all nurses to all patients. A particularly vulnerable group of patients are those with serious mental illness who also develop a long-term physical condition. There is a complex interplay of biopsycho- social factors that can impact negatively on their health outcomes and researchers are engaged in trying to understand these dynamic relationships as a pre-cursor to effecting change (Howard et al., 2010). Of critical importance is the stigma of mental illness. This stigma impacts on nurses' willingness to engage in mental and physical health promotion, leading to a systemic failure in person/family-centered care (Horsfall, Cleary, & Hunt, 2010).According to Lauber (2008) 'the common understanding of stigma is a severe social disapproval due to believed or actual individual characteristics, beliefs or behaviours that are against norms, be they economic, political, cultural, or social' (p. 8). Stigmatizing attitudes exist amongst health professionals including those employed in mental health, which may result from staffworking with patients when they are in the most disturbed phase of their illness, despite this not being a typical characteristic of everyday mental illness (Horsfall et al., 2010). Further, research shows that there are many prejudices and negative attitudes held towards people with a mental illness within the wider community, and that many people regard social interaction with mentally ill people as uncomfortable, viewing the behavior of the individual as potentially dangerous and/or violent (Lauber, 2008). For people living with a mental illness stigmatizing attitudes towards them are a common occurrence, which results in everyday discrimination and disparities. For example, disparities occur in education, housing, job opportunities, income and health care, so whilst stigma on its own is damaging, the discrimination that it can result in can be much worse (Pope, 2011). Discriminating against an individual may produce stigma resulting in social deprivation, such as the refusal of accommodation, which can lead to homelessness, which in turn generates additional stigma (Horsfall et al., 2010). Thus, stigma and discrimination impacts on the individual, and on the health and well-being of their families, and communities. For example, a study of mentally ill parents found that they were reluctant to bring their children for activities outside the home. The parents worried that their children would be stigmatized because of their mental illness. They also had constant worry that their children would be sent to a foster or children's home because of parental mental illness (Chan et al., 2011). This shows the impact of stigma not only affected the person living with a mental illness, but also their children and family.The experience of having a long-term mental health condition brings patients and their families into long-term relationships with health care providers. These relationships demand something different from nurses who may be more accustomed to rapid and task focused interactional contacts that promise quick fixes. …


Samples of bile, pancreatic juice, cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, synovial and amniotic fluid obtained from patients during routine clinical procedures were analysed for their silicon (Si) content by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Similar Si concentrations were found in each fluid, while these in turn were shown to be similar to the concentration of Si in the serum of 50 healthy subjects (mean serum Si 21.5 μmol/l, SD±4.5). The concentration of Si in 24-hour collections of urine from 50 healthy subjects was also determined (mean urinary Si 194 μmol/l, SD±94). A comparative study was made of serum Si levels in nine different species of domesticated animal.


ABSTRACT A highly selective disposable glucose biosensor based on the dispersion of cupric-hexacyanoferrate and glucose oxidase within a screen-printable carbon ink is described. The dispersed metal-hexacyanoferrate catalyst offers a marked decrease of the overvoltage for the reduction of the enzymatically-liberated hydrogen peroxide, and a stable response at physiological pH. Such efficient catalytic activity allows tuning of the detection potential to a region (around – 0.1V) where interfering reactions are negligible. Such operation eliminates the need for an anti-interference membrane barrier, and along with the one-step dispersion of the enzyme and electrocatalyst, greatly simplifies the sensor fabrication. The high selectivity and simplified fabrication hold great promise for thick-film biosensors for testing glucose and other important substrates of other oxidases.


The D case briefly presents the epilogue: the board withdraws the merger proposal and Volvo's CEO of 20 years resigns; the strategic alliance is dissolved; and Volvo embarks on a new strategy, focused on the automotive industry. The task for the student is to assess the reasons for dissolving the alliance, the merits of Volvo's new strategy, and the causes of Gyllenhammar's downfall. See also the A (UVA-G-0480), B (UVA-G-0481), C (UVA-G-0482), and B (abridged; UVA-G-0484) cases.


We examine some of the most basic devices that major central banks in Asia and the Pacific use to communicate with markets. First, we consider gradualism and reversal aversion in the setting of policy rates. We argue that in a world of uncertainty these patterns of behavior help market participants form expectations of future policy rates. Second, we analyse the statements released at the time of policy decisions and suggest that it is not so much the length of the statement that matters but the extent to which it focuses on forward-looking information. We then propose two tests for the effectiveness of central bank communication. The first is a version of the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rates, which is a joint test of the effectiveness of communication and the informational efficiency of the domestic fixed-income market. The second is a surprises test, which compares the reaction of longer term interest rates to policy announcements with the reaction to macroeconomic news


Interlocking is a suitable method to fix iron cores made of electrical steel sheets along the stack direction. However, this will increase iron loss of the core and, as a result, lower the efficiency and power density of electrical machines. In this paper, the influence of interlocking on the magnetic properties of ring cores is studied and evaluated by measurements. A linear increase of the inverse of magnetic field and iron loss with increasing number of interlocks shows that the influence of interlocking is local. This behavior coincides with the proposed model. Interlaminar eddy currents have no serious impact on the iron-loss properties. Averaged magnetic properties of the magnetically deteriorated regions are calculated according to the magnetic model. These data will be useful for accurate finite-element method calculations of iron losses in electrical machines.


Objective Neuropathic pain causes patients feel indescribable pain. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is one of the treatment methods in neuropathic pain but the action mechanism is still unclear. To study the effect and mechanism of analgesic effects from DBS in neuropathic pain and to enhance the analgesic effect of DBS, we stimulated the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) in rats. Methods To observe the effect from VPL stimulation, we established 3 groups : normal group (Normal group), neuropathic pain group (Pain group) and neuropathic pain+DBS group (DBS group). Rats in DBS group subjected to electrical stimulation and the target is VPL. Results We observed the behavioral changes by DBS in VPL (VPL-DBS) on neuropathic pain rats. In our study, the pain score which is by conventional test method was effectively decreased. In specific, the time of showing withdrawal response from painful stimulation which is not used measuring method in our animal model was also decreased by DBS. Conclusion The VPL is an effective target on pain modulation. Specifically we could demonstrate changes of pain response duration which is not used, and it was also significantly meaningful. We thought that this study would be helpful in understanding the relation between VPL-DBS and neuropathic pain.


In this paper, micropropulsion systems are analyzed in conjunction with the various mission requirements of China's deep space exploration. As a great challenge facing the world, deep space exploration can be enabled only in a few countries with a success rate of around 50%. With the advancement of spacecraft and scientific instruments, it is now feasible to build small and low-cost spacecraft for a variety of deep space missions. As spacecraft become smaller, there is a need for proper micropropulsion systems. Examples of propulsion system selections for deep space exploration are discussed with a focus on products developed by Beijing Institute of Control Engineering (BICE). The requirements for propulsion systems are different in lunar/interplanetary exploration and gravitational wave detection. Chemical propulsion is selected for fast orbit transfer and electric propulsion for increasing scientific payloads. Cold gas propulsion and microelectric propulsion are good choices for space-based gravitational wave detection due to the capability of variable thrust output at the micro-Newton level. The paper also introduces the sub-1-U micropropulsion modules developed by BICE with satisfactory performance in flight tests, which are promising propulsion systems for small deep space platforms. A small probe with an electric sail propulsion system has been proposed for the future solar system boundary exploration of China. The electric sail serves as not only a propellant-free thruster but also a detector probing the properties of the space medium.


The Global Agriculture Equipment market has been impacted significantly by the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 marked by production and supply chain disruptions and anemic market demand amid the global macroeconomic challenges & uncertainty.

The industry, however, remains focused on restructuring to optimize the cost & production base aligned with prevailing market scenario while continuing to focus on long term trends & growth opportunities. The net farm income in the U.S. is projected to grow by 43% year on year for 2020 to reach $119 billion despite the disruptions & fallout from the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and is projected to be heading towards the peak levels of 2013 once again following four consecutive years of steady improvements & increases. For 2021, the agricultural equipment sales are projected to grow by 5%+ across North America, Europe and South America while the sales in Asia are projected to contract marginally. The demand for agricultural equipment is projected to be heading upwards going forward with the last equipment sales peak witnessed almost 7 years ago.


A fault-accommodation technique proposed for inverter drive systems extends the operation of an electrical power drive during an incipient power transistor fault. The discussed technique utilizes diagnostic methods to identify and isolate degraded power transistors. Once isolated, a suitable fault-accommodating control method using one-transistor trigger suppression (OTTS) control relieves electrical overstress applied to the degraded transistor to maintain operation of the motor while avoiding an inverter failure. Feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated using V/f and vector techniques with an additional external fuzzy control for startup and steady-state conditions. Also discussed are advantages and potential drawbacks of this technique.


Glucocorticoids induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH) is a devastating orthopedic disease. Previous studies suggested that connexin43 (Cx43) is involved in the process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the role of Cx43 potentiates in the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells (BMSCs) in GIONFH is still not investigated. In this study, BMSCs were isolated and transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or the fusion gene encoding GFP and Cx43. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were detected after transfected with Cx43. In addition, the migration abilities and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were been detected after induced by transfected BMSCs supernatants in vitro. Our results showed that Cx43 overexpression in BMSCs promoted osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in vitro. Finally, we established GC-ONFH rat model, then, a certain amount of transfected or controlled BMSCs were injected into the tibia of the rats. Immunohistological staining and micro-CT scanning results showed that the transplanted experiment group had significantly promoted more bone regeneration, vessel volume and the expressions of Runx2, ALP, COL I, VEGF and CD31 when compared with the effects of the negative or control groups. This study demonstrated for the first time that the Cx43 overexpression in BMSCs could promote bone regeneration as seen in the osteogenesis and angiogenesis process, suggesting that Cx43 may serve as a therapeutic gene target for GIONFH treatment.


According to the requirements of power system operation, the control law for unit auto-control of transmission line overload is presented. The control criterions are given for broken line, line shortcut, potential transfomers break and line overload. The Fourier analysis is used in calculating effective electricity quantity and its error is analyzed. By applying the anti-interference measures, such as multiple criterions, software filter, elimination of differential mode interfere, rational design of the leak loop-circuit, the reliability of device operation and monitoring signal transmission is improved. The all around test of the device developed with the proposed scheme and its operation on site prove that the control law is correct and the control device runs well with better protection performance, high sensitivity and strong anti-interference ability.


Three species of molds, i.e. Aspergillus sojae. A. oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus were used to hydrolyze soybean proteins. Whole soybeans were soaked overnight and cooked in boiling water for an hour, drained, sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes, then cooled and inoculated with A. oryzae. A. sojae, and R. oligosporus. As a control treatment another batch of soybeans was prepared for spontaneous fermentation. Fermentation tasted for five days. Based on the colony forming units (CFU), A. sojae, A. oryzae R. orgosporus and the control reached the stationary phase on the third day of fermentation. The CFU of A. sojae and A. oryzae were higher than that of the others, with 107 - 108 CFU/g dry weight for A. sojae and A oryzae and 106 - 107 CFU/g dry weight for the others. The proteolytic activity of A. sojae. oryzae, R. oboosporus and the control was maximum on the third day. The proteolytic activity of A: sojae and A. oryzae using soybean as substrate was higher (180 - 200 units tyrosine/g dry weight) than the other two groups (100 - 120 UT/g dry weight). Based on the efficiency of hydrolysis, A. sojae and A. oryzae had a higher hydrolysis percentage, giving 32 - 33% and total soluble nitrogen of 2.1 - 2.2 percent/g dry weight. The hydrolysis efficiency of R. ologosporus and the control was 21 - 22%. with the total soluble nitrogen 1.4 - 1.5 percent/g dry weight. The difference in initial pH i.e. pH 5.0: pH 6.0 and pH 6.7 did not affect the soluble nitrogen production significantly.


This paper studies the problem of Placing directional wIreless chargers with Limited mObiliTy (PILOT), that is, given a budget of mobile directional wireless chargers and a set of static rechargeable devices on a 2D plane, determine deployment positions, stop positions and orientations, and portions of time for all chargers such that overall charging utility of all devices can be maximized. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study placement of mobile chargers. To address PILOT, we propose a $\left( {\frac{1}{2} - \in } \right)$-approximation algorithm. First, we present a method to approximate nonlinear charging power of chargers, and further propose an approach to construct Maximal Covered Set uniform subareas to reduce the infinite continuous search space for stop positions and orientations to a finite discrete one. Second, we present geometrical techniques to further reduce the infinite solution space for candidate deployment positions to a finite one without performance loss, and transform PILOT to a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Finally, we propose a linear programming based greedy algorithm to address it. Simulation and experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms five comparison algorithms by 31.33% ~ 281.10%.


The bubble dynamics and heat transfer in quasi-steady pool boiling on a plane plate have been studied experimentally in microgravity.At low subcooling,strong oscillation of the coalesced bubbles on their surfaces may promote the process of nucleate and heat transfer;at high subcooling, the coalesced bubble shrinks to an elliptical sphere under the surface tension.Thus,it's very difficult to cover the whole surface.There is a region of transitional boiling,in which nucleate boiling and local dry area can co-exist,no turning point corresponding to CHF will be observed on the boiling curve.The CHF will increase with the subcooling or pressure in microgravity,similarly with the results obtained on Earth.


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