A 2.5-kW photovoltaic (PV) system with battery storage to supply emergency power was designed and installed
in a 1200-ft2 apartment unit in collaboration with the Greensboro Housing Authority (GHA) to test the performance of a
grid-connected PV system. The power generation system was interconnected with the local electric utility grid to allow for
the grid to be used as a supplemental source of electric power. The highest monthly normalized electricity yield was observed
during the study period in May and June (119.04 and 119.44 kWh/kWp, respectively). The yearly PV system conversion
efficiency was calculated to be 4.28% for the year of 2003 based on the local solar radiation data. Assuming a 25-year useful
life on equipment, based on the findings from the test of the system, the electricity that was produced cost approximately
$0.4661 per kilowatt-hour (kWh). This cost is much higher than the unit price of electricity (about 8 cents per kWh) charged
by the local utility. The future cost for the solar electricity with reduced cost and improved performance was also analyzed.


Fractures involving the ankle are one of the most common injuries treated by orthopedic surgeons. The anatomy of the joint makes it very unstable in cases of fractures or ligamentous injuries of the ankle. As fractures of the ankle have been treated with various modes of internal fixation devices, the best possible implant is determined according to the anatomy of the fracture. Various internal fixation devices like interfragmentary screw, reconstruction plate, tubular plate have been used for lateral malleolus fracture. We studied the use of fibula hook plate for lateral malleolus fracture. Total 40 patients were studied and were followed up post-operatively after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. The fractures were classified according to the Lauge-Hansen classification system. Ankle score for symptom evaluation of ankle fracture by C. Olerud and H. Molander was calculated. Radiological evaluation was done by Kristenson's criteria. Out of 40 patients, 10 patients had excellent outcome and 19 patients had good outcome. Eight patients showed fair results whereas three patients had poor results. No intra-operative complication was observed. Post-operatively six patients developed skin infection. Anatomical reduction of ankle fractures is very important for normal weight bearing stress. The length of fibula must be maintained for this purpose. Hook plate helps to achieve this by holding the reduction of lateral malleolar fragment.


With the development of computer technology and CCD sensor, 3D sensing with sinusoidal structure illumination are widely used. To obtain the shape information of a 3D object, a procedure called spatial modulation-demodulation is performed. In most practical methods such as PMP, FTP, SPD or MMP, sinusoidal structured illumination is utilized as the carrier of spatial modulation, and the quality of it plays an important role in the measurement result. But it is very difficult to produce a perfect sinusoidal grating. The idea of Error Diffusion algorithm is first used to produce a better sinusoidal illumination structure. 1D and 2D sinusoidal module is designed. A computer simulation system base on PMP model is established to implement Error Diffusion modulation to structured light field. Computer simulations have verified the efficiency of Error Diffusion grating.


The invention relates to a method and a system of calling subscriber number authentication. The method comprises: a mobile terminal submits an ascending short message to a short message center via a mobile communication network, wherein the ascending short message received by the short message center comprises a calling subscriber number and current position information of the calling subscriber number. The method also comprises: step 1, the short message center obtains the calling subscriber number and the current position information of the calling subscriber number which are comprised in the ascending short message, wherein the current position information is first current position information; step 2, the short message center searches for the current position information corresponding to the calling subscriber number to a home location register, wherein the corresponding current position information is second current position information; step 3, the home location register replies the second current position information; step 4, the short message obtains the second current position information, compares the first current position information and the second current position information, and carries out authentication to the calling subscriber number, thereby preventing telephone fee loss of users caused by sending the short message via imitating a signaling flow of the mobile phone.


The tonalite and the fine-grained basic rocks occur in the southern part of Okushibetsu district, Hokkaido. The tonalites are the cummingtonite tonalite and the kalifeldspar bearing hypersthene cummingtonite tonalite. The finegrained basic rocks are the biotite bearing hypersthene brown hornblende plagioclase rock, the biotite bearing hypersthene quartz plagioclase pale brown hornblende rock, the green hornblende plagioclase rock, and the quartz biotite plagioclase brown hornblende rock.Judging from the observations of these rocks under the microscope, they are of the metamorphic origins which came from the biotite rich coarse rock or the biotite rich hornfelsic rock.


This paper focuses on creating a curriculum development model and curriculum framework for the Transition Program designed for special learners with intellectual and physical disabilities. It explains the idea of a transition program in Philippine context, discusses the curriculum framework, and proposes a curriculum development model for creating a relevant and responsive transition program. The curriculum framework for the proposed Transition Program Curriculum includes five learning areas: (1) Livelihood, (2) Academic, (3) Enrichment, (4) Pre-vocational, and (5) Care. All these learning areas are designed to help and prepare Filipino learners with special education needs to be capable of engaging in entrepreneurship, pursuing further studies, or living functional lives. The curriculum development model for the Transition Program Curriculum follows a linear-cyclical procedure starting with deliberations, development of curriculum philosophy and framework, identification of programs and strategies, development of curriculum materials and instructional resources, development of assessment framework and evaluation tools, and development of curriculum policies that will guide the teachers in implementing the curriculum. This model can be used for the planning and development of special education curricula for the K to 12 basic education programs in the Philippines.


The maximization of profit as the main objective of companies is being criticized from different forums, advocating for an economic system in which the achievement of social sustainability will play a leading role. In the banking sector, after the outbreak of the crisis in 2008, financial bailouts that have used public funds to save various entities have provoked a current of opinion about the necessary social role that banking companies must develop. In this article, a case study is carried out analyzing the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in ABANCA, the financial institution with the largest presence in Galicia (northwest Spain), which has been rescued with public money, Identifying a series of objectives and actions carried out by said entity. The analyzes carried out show, among others, the importance of trust and transparency, as well as attention to intangibles.


Abstract : Viruses are known to survive in environmental settings over various time periods. This study will show that certain viruses survive for a 24 h period, and certain viruses do not survive, depending on the substrate with which the viruses are in contact.


: Financial fraud is a consistently developing threat with far consequences in the budgetary business. Data mining had assumed a basic job in the recognition of credit card extortion in online exchanges [1]. Credit card fraud detection is a data mining problem and it becomes challenging because of two noteworthy reasons - first, constant change in the profiles of normal and fraudulent behaviours and secondly, unbalanced credit card fraud data sets. Sampling approach on dataset, selection of variables and detection technique(s) used greatly affects the performance of fraud detection in credit card transactions [2]. Many techniques have been proposed to confront the issue. However, all of these techniques have the same goal of attaining better results, each one has its own drawbacks, advantages and characteristics [3]. This paper explores the challenges of credit card fraud and surveys different fraud detection techniques, datasets and assessment criteria.The points of interest and inconveniences of various strategies are specified and looked at. Consequently, open issues for credit card fraud detection are gathered and examined as rules for new analysts.


The primary sources for a historical overview of secondary-level musical education in Hungary are publications on school histories, yearbooks, and the work of outstanding teachers. An overview of theoretical subjects is made far more difficult, however, by the fact that both the name and content of these subjects have undergone considerable change over time. It was only in the mid-20th century when secondary-level musical education became independent from an earlier institutional form, the music school (Zenede in Hungarian), which taught a far wider range of age groups, lasted for 10-11 years, and characterised earlier music education for decades. Music schools, which offered, among others, secondary-level musical training, had existed since the second half of the 19th century. This paper is part of a more comprehensive methodological work designed to bring to light the historical teaching of music theory in Hungarian musical training with regard to its roots, curricula, handbooks, and teaching practices up to the mid-20th century, when the system of secondary schools specialising in music education was established. Keywords: history of music teaching, professional musical training, teaching music theory


We develop an approach for describing ultracold-atom collisions in a laser field, incorporating laser excitation during the collision as well as the subsequent spontaneous emission. To include the latter is essential, because the duration of the collisions is longer than the excited-state lifetime. Existing treatments are based on a density matrix description of internal states, combined with a classical description of translational motion. With the presently achieved temperatures of a few times the recoil temperature in mind, we investigate possibilities to describe also the atomic motion during the collision quantummechanically. In our contribution we present preliminary results for an approach in which only one dressed-state manifold is included in the description. The loss of flux from this original manifold due to spontaneous emission is taken into account, but not its recycling through further laser excitation.


Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital triangle or diamond poliosis and white patches on the forehead.Epidermal melanocytes are usually absent in the affected skin.It has been reported that the differentiation and migration of melanoblasts are associated with gene mutations,and KIT gene is a causative gene of piebaldism.Clinical manifestations and phenotypic severity of piebaldism strongly correlate with the sites of KIT gene mutation.This review presents the relationship between clinical phenotypes of piebaldism and sites of KIT gene mutation.

Key words:
Piebaldism; Genes, kit; Mutation; Therapy


Major-General E. A. Walker, v.h.s., is appointed Hon. Surgeon to the King, vice Major-General H. Boulton, c.bv c.b.e., retired, 7th July, 1932. In consequence of the grant of leave to LieutenantColonel H. E. Stanger-Leathes, Lieutenant-Colonel E. S. Goss, m.o., is appointed to officiate as Deputy DirectorGeneral, Indian Medical Service, until further orders, with effect from the afternoon of the 27th October 1932. Lieutenant-Colonel P. F. Gow, d.s.o., on return from leave, is re-appointed as Second Professor of Midwifery and Gyna:cology, Medical College, Calcutta, with effect from the 24th October, 1932. Lieutenant-Colonel J. Taylor, d.s.o., Director, Haffkine Institute, Bombay, is appointed as Director, Central Research Institute, Kasauli, with effect from the date on which he assumed charge of his duties. Lieutenant-Colonel R. F. D. MacGregor, m.c., an Agency Surgeon, on return from leave, is posted as Chief Medical Officer in Central India and Residency Surgeon, Indore, with effect from the afternoon of the 23rd October, 1932. Lieutenant-Colonel R. Sweet, d.s.o., is appointed to be Assistant Director-General, Indian Medical Service (Stores), with effect from the afternoon of the 27th October, 1932. Lieutenant-Colonel C. M. Plumptre is appointed to officiate as Superintendent, St. George's Hospital, Bombay, vice Lieutenant-Colonel A. F. Hamilton, proceeding on leave preparatory to retirement. The services of Lieutenant-Colonel J. Taylor, d.s.o., have been placed at the disposal of the Government of India, with effect from the date on which he relinquished charge of the post of Director, Haffkine Institute. Major S. S. Sokhey is appointed as Officiating Director, Haffkine Institute, Bombay. Major J. Roger, m.c., an Agency Surgeon, on return


E-librarian service: User-friendly semantic search in digital libraries, by Serge Linckels and Christoph Meinel. X.media.publishing [Series]. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011, 212 pp. 50.00 hard cover ISBN 9783642177422.


The ergodic information rate for Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing / Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access with amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying systems in the presence of frequency offsets is evaluated. Unlike previous work, per-subcarrier adaptive power allocation is performed on each relay to optimize the system ergodic information rate. For a given frequency offset and total number of relays M, the AF ergodic information rate is proven to be a monotonically increasing function of a (the ratio of the power allocated to the source node and the total transmit power), implying that the maximum ergodic information rate can be obtained at α=1 (i.e., there is no cooperative relay). Furthermore, the proof of "cooperative relays cannot improve the AF ergodic information rate in a quasi-static wireless channel" is also provided in this letter.


Title STUDIES ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF THE MEAT OF SEA CUCUMBER (STICHOPUS JAPONICUS SELENKA):III. A Comparison of the Chemical Components of the Meat of Sea Cucumber with the Meat of Other Marine Animals Author(s) TANIKAWA, Eiichi; YOSHITANI, Setsuko Citation 北海道大學水産學部研究彙報 = BULLETIN OF THE FACULTY OF FISHERIES HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 5(4): 346-347 Issue Date 1955-02 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/22885 Type bulletin File Information 5(4)_P346-347.pdf


9069 Background: Anti-PD-1/L1 therapies have improved overall survival (OS) by 2-4 months vs docetaxel in patients with advanced non−small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed after receiving a platinum regimen. Tislelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, has been tested as monotherapy in the RATONALE (NCT 03358875) trial, which found that tislelizumab prolonged OS (median OS difference 5.3 months in ITT population) as compared to docetaxel, improved progression-free survival (median 4.1 vs 2.6 months), as well as overall response rate (ORR difference = 14.9%).Here we report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients receiving tislelizumab vs docetaxel in this clinical trial. Methods: NSCLC patients in this open-label, multicenter Phase 3 study were randomized to either the tislelizumab or docetaxel. HRQoL was measured using the QLQ-C30 global health status/quality of life score (GHS/QoL) from EORTC QLQ-C30 as well as the lung cancer specific subscales of the EORTC QLQ-LC13. Descriptive analysis for the GHS/QoL score was performed for baseline through cycle 10; changes from baseline to cycle 12 were examined for the symptom subscales. Results: 805 patients were randomized to tislelizumab (n = 535) or docetaxel (n = 270). Patients were 77% male with an average age of 60 years (range 28-88 years). The compliance rates were mostly > 98% and were similar across arms. The GHS/QoL score in the tislelizumab arm improved relative to baseline from cycles 5 through 10 while declining in cycles 6 through 10 in the docetaxel arm. The tislelizumab arm showed a reduction from baseline at cycle 12 in the symptom scores of coughing, chest pain, and dyspnea while patients in the docetaxel arm experienced an increase in symptoms. Conclusions: The study results show that tislelizumab monotherapy improved HRQoL in patients who previously failed treatment with a platinum containing chemotherapy; this is especially important as the NSCLC patients treated with tislelizumab not only experienced improvements in OS, but also reductions in their symptomology. Clinical trial information: NCT 03358875.


The complicated texture of a thin sheet of MgO and MgO-doped Al2O3 (∼15 pm) was statistically resolved into four typical grain geometries. Grain size distribution was related to the ratio of expressions describing the growth (or shrinkage) of individual grains and the growth of grains of average size R. Grain-growth data for MgO indicate that the mobility of a grain boundary is independent of R (parabolic-grain-growth behavior) but depends strongly on the ratio of individual grain size to average grain size. When mobility is proportional to 1/R, the time dependence of grain growth is <1/2.


In this work, a functional-based test method is presented that integrates the test of Network-on-Chip interconnects and routers. The proposed approach is scalable to any size of network. Experimental results show that fault coverage can reach up to 100% of interconnect faults and 92.75% of router faults, with yet affordable test sequence lengths.


We consider linear mappings on the $d$-dimensional torus, defined by $T(x) = Ax \pmod 1$, where $A$ is an invertible $d \times d$ integer matrix, with no eigenvalues on the unit circle. In the case $d = 2$ and $\det A = \pm 1$, we give a formula for the Hausdorff dimension of the set \[ \{ \, x \in \mathbb{T}^d : d (T^n (x), x)<e^{- \alpha n} \text{ for infinitely many } n \, \}. \]


We show analytically and numerically that phase modulation of the pump has a detrimental impact on the gain in fiber optical parametric amplifiers, which both depends on the modulator rise time and fiber dispersion slope.


Abstract Data reconciliation based on material balance constraints is now a current practice in mineral, metallurgical and chemical industries. However its application is mainly used for off-line identification of steady-state operating conditions for process performance evaluation. Various methods are proposed to extend data reconciliation to on-line application for process monitoring and eventually real-time optimization. The objective of the paper is to make a short survey of the possible approaches to dynamic data reconciliation, while focusing on the flotation process used as a prototype of the formulation of the filtering problems.


We summarized breeding bird censuses done from 1966 to 1985 on two Sierra Nevada forest plots, one that was burned in 1960 and an adjacent, unburned control. Our objective was to examine yearly trends in bird abundance in relation to changing vegetation structure and composition and in relation to yearly weather variation. From 1969 to 1983 shrub cover on the burned plot increased from about 22% to over 43%, and density of overstory trees increased by about 50%. Herb and grass cover decreased during this period, as did density of snags originally resulting from the fire. During this period of rapid postfire succession, total density of birds was nearly equal on the two plots but species richness increased on the burned plot compared with the unburned plot. Groundand brush-foraging birds were more numerous on the burned plot, and their population size increased significantly from 1966 to 1985. Foliage-searching birds were more numerous on the unburned plot, and their populations were stable over time relative to the burned plot. In contrast, numbers of foliage-searching birds increased significantly on the burned plot. Bark-gleaning birds declined on the burned plot, probably in response to loss of snags used for nesting by most of these species. Variations in weather, as indicated by measures of temperature and precipitation, did not explain yearly variations in bird populations. Rather, changing vegetation structure resulted in predictable trends related to the foraging and nesting habits of the birds we studied.


approved: 6/ "Dr1.04-ffrdy J. Morrell Metham sodium or NaMDC is one of the four major soil fumigants that are currently registered for controlling internal decay of wood products in use. Fumigants are used primarily in utility poles but are also applied to piling, timbers and other large wood members. NaMDC must decompose to fungitoxic compounds to become effective. A variety of volatile and non-volatile decomposition products are produced during NaMDC breakdown in wood but the role these components play in the overall fungitoxicity of metham sodium is poorly understood. Volatile methylisothiocyanate (MITC) is believed to be the primary fungitoxic NaMDC breakdown product but it has been suggested in previous studies that some synergistic activity between MITC and other volatile NaMDC decomposition products in wood might occur, resulting in an enhanced MITC fungitoxicity. A fumigation apparatus was designed to examine the toxicity of two NAMDC volatile decomposition products, Signature redacted for privacy. carbon disulfide and methylisothiocyanate, against six decay fungi (basidiomycetes) and one mold (ascomycete) established in Douglas-fir and Ponderosa pine. Fumigations were performed with the individual compounds at different concentrations for a period of ten days to determine sublethal dosages of each chemical. Fumigant effects were assessed by grinding blocks and plating a portion of the ground material in malt extract agar. The resulting number of colony forming units (CFU's) provided a measure fungal survival. A stimulus in the number of CFU's was observed for most species treated with lower fumigant concentrations suggesting that some fungi had the ability to metabolize sulfur-containing fumigants when growing in a low sulfurcontaining environment. Large variations in number of CFU's were exhibited among the fungi but CT90 values showed that the CS2/MITC mixture was more fungitoxic to most fungi than fumigations with the individual fumigants. The results indicate that NaMDC decomposition products can interact synergistically to enhance fungal control in wood. The effect may help to explain the effectiveness of NaMDC as a wood fumigant despite its relatively low MITC yield. Further studies using other decomposition products would help to better define other interactions in this process. Fungitoxicities of NaMDC Decomposition Products to Decay Fungi Colonizing Douglas-fir and Ponderosa Pine Wood by Edwin Canessa A THESIS submited to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Completed November 30, 1993. Commencement June 1994


Foundations of Sociology What is Sociology? Society and Culture The Human World Exploring the Human World The Human World and the Natural World Why Sociology Matters Notes


This qualitative research study was conducted at one alternative high school to examine why traditional high school dropouts attend alternative schools. Data were gathered over three stages of research during a 2-year period. Sources of data included 105 hours of site observations, student interviews, and the review of site documents. The data revealed that the students at the alternative high school had established a significant level of informal control. Four ma..!or assertions were supported by the data: (1) students experienced greater freedom than they had previously experienced at a traditional high school; (2) student choice had a positive impact on the effectiveness of the alternative school; (3) students monitored and adjusted individual student behavior in relation to acceptable group behavior; and (4) students enjoyed the experiences of success while attending the alternative school. Based on findings of the study, it is recommended that alternative schools be supported while traditional schools are being reformed; that the effectiveness of alternative and traditional schools be improved by listening to the needs of dropouts; that alternative school advisory committees be trained in listening to such needs; that efforts by alternative school faculty in advocating for the needs of dropouts be supported; that traditional school faculty and administrators be trained in listening to and understanding the needs of potential dropouts; and that community social policymakers be involved in understanding the issues surrounding the high school dropout problem. (NS) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** TRADITIONAL HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY AT AN ALTERNATIVE HIGH SCHOOL


Activity coefficients of solvents and solutes in different aqueous solutions of alcohols and polymers are determined by molecular dynamic simulations. These data are often not accessible by simulation due to unacceptably high computational demands. Therefore, we applied a combination of two methods: water activity coefficients were determined directly via Overlapping Distribution Method, while counter-component activity coefficients were calculated indirectly by Gibbs-Duhem integration of the respective water activities. Results are in good agreement with experimental data. The method can easily be applied to determine activity coefficients of very complex components in water or other simple solvents.


Carol Amaratunga reports on the World Association of Disaster and Emergency Medicine's 18th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine, held this year in Manchester


Objective:To investigate the characteristics and applications of indirect immunofluorescence(IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA) for detecting antinuclear antibodies(ANA) in diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).Methods:The serum ANA in 110 cases of doubtful AIH were detected by both IFA and ELISA methods.The positive rate of IFA and ELISA was respectively 62.7% and 64.5%.The results of IFA methods mainly showed speckled pattern and homogeneous pattern.The results of two types of detection methods were statistically analyzed.Results:The results of two detection methods had no statistical difference.Condusiom:The recommended IFA technique for detecting ANA was direct and easily typing one,which provided relevant informations of typing about autoimmune diseases.The IFA technique needed practiced technicians,but ELISA was simple without special instruments and its results could evaluate the concentration of serum antibodies.


Abstract : Pain or discomfort as a consequence of one-visit restorative dental treatment may occur because the dental structures along with perioral structures were abused, or even managed according to classically acceptable techniques. This study relates some typically one-visit dental procedures to post-treatment pain or discomfort instances. (Author)


The printing press had the potential to break the common lawyers' monopoly of legal knowledge. Early-modern England witnessed debates about the desirability of wider dissemination of legal learning. Previous scholarship has identified the long-term trend to increased printing of the law in English, focusing on ideological debates between lawyers and other key actors. Only selected texts and types of material were made available to the wider public before the 1620s. From the later 1620s a wider range of material which had hitherto existed only in manuscript was printed in English. Knowledge of the common law became more commonly available. This article identifies this crucial moment and explains the change. Rather than the ideological questions which are discussed in the existing literature, more mundane causes are identified for the legal profession's reduced control over the transmission of legal knowledge: a shift to the use of English by lawyers themselves, and a loss of professional control over manuscripts. The paper therefore demonstrates an important methodological point: understanding and assessing the history of legal printing requires engagement with older methods of transmitting the law.


This paper is mainly based on the basic principle of the extended finite element ,in the large commercial software abaqus on the platform of dynamic load eccentric mixed-mode of concrete failure process are numerically simulated, the results showed that the crack together under tension and shear ,crack extension direction and the direction of cracks was obvious deflection, and is in good agreement with the physical experiments, also shows that the extended finite element fracture problems have very good advantage.


One of the requirements of the airborne part of an Airborne Wind Energy Plant, the kite, is low weight. On the one hand to keep the mass inertia of the moving system low and on the other hand making it easier to keep the kite airborne in very low wind conditions. Another is of course low costs. Using High-tech materials like fibre reinforced plastics, commonly known as composites, is a way to reduce weight. As a guideline; composite structures can be about 30% lighter than comparable metallic structures due to their reduced density. In general there a number of ways to manufacture composite products dependant on the base material. Prepregs or pre-impregnated fibres are currently the standard in the aerospace industry to produce high quality parts. But the material is expensive and the technology needs expensive equipment. Dry fibres are used for infusion techniques. Dry fibres are placed in a single or double sided mould and the fibres are infused with resin using a pressure di erence between the inand outlet. This technique is widely used in the manufacturing of ship hull and wind turbine blades. Infusion gives more flexibility both in material choice as in type of infusion technique depending on the necessary quality of the final product. The third material is the use of thermoplastics as matrix/resin for the fibres. Thermoplastics can be formed and reformed again through the input of heat. Although not yet widely used for aerospace parts it has great potential due to its impact toughness, and the possibility to weld and recycle. Most AWE rigid kite and aircra designs tend towards a carbon fibre/epoxy design. But highly loaded parts are mostly made of metals. Changing to a composite structure will not only result in a weight decrease on part level but also reduce weight/cost in the complete design. A suitable production method of these highly loaded composite parts is closed mould RTM infusion. This process is able to produce composite parts with high tolerances and big di erences in wall thickness. In a AWE kite the tether/kite interface could be such part but also the tether/pod interface for so kites. The production of composites is very labour intensive, for this reason, automation of the production of composites has become such an important topic. There is a big push from the automotive sector to automate production of composite parts. The aerospace industry is also looking in to automation not only due to production costs but also to ensure a more consistent quality and easier traceability reducing costs in inspection and quality control. In AWE quality will be extra importance due to the expected fatigue e ects of the continuous load cycles and safety aspects which will be more stringent than for normal wind turbines. Several trends in the aerospace composite manufacturing industry seem suitable for Airborne Wind Energy applications to make lightweight and low cost, but high quality, parts in large quantities (compared to aerospace production rates). Automation is the main focus in combination with dedicated infusion techniques and in the future the use of thermoplastic materials.


IMPROVING THE LEARNING APPROACH OF COLLEGE FRESHMEN AND FUTURE TEACHERS THROUGH CURRICULAR INTERVENTION Lynna B. Shin Department of Teacher Education Master of Arts Students who exercise a deep approach to learning connect classroom content to real-life experiences. To help first-year students develop a deep approach to learning, Brigham Young University offers a program called Freshman Academy. Participants join a "learning community" based on their intended major. As part of this learning community, participants take recommended first-year courses together and engage in service-learning and problem-solving


In order to investigate the effect of different planting dates on yield and yield components of two red bean cultivars (Local and Sayad), a research was carried out in a research field in Azna in 2013. The experiment was conducted as split plots in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot included four planting dates (May 20, May 31, June 10, June 20) and the sub plot included two red bean cultivars (Local and Sayad). The ANOVA results showed that delay in planting date decreased the yield and yield components (number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1000-grain weight), so that the highest rate of yield and yield components belonged to the planting date of May 20 and the lowest rate belonged to June 20. Comparison of two cultivars (Local and Sayad) showed that the local cultivar had lower rate of yield and yield components than the Sayad cultivar. According to the research results, Sayad cultivar planted on May 20 had a good yield.


of 1481 (chapter 40), but also for his reflections on rose and sword as papal gifts (chapter 75), or his analysis of Pope Leo X's relationship with the Maronite Church (chapter 85). Some readers might also ask whether the prosopographic section, which comes close to an independent manual, was really necessary. This reviewer would rather have preferred to see further speeches of obedience published and analyzed in more detail. Bringing in a view of the papacy from outside and trying to combine their image of the ideal pope with that of their respective rulers, they all have a remarkably secular ring and provide a noteworthy addition to the orations presented in the papal chapel and famously discussed in John O'Malley's classic Praise and Blame in Renaissance Rome (Durham, NC, 1979). One would like to learn more about these speeches. Had they to be coordinated with the senders of the orators? In these texts references to classical antiquity abound. Such references do not occur in De Grassis's treatise itself, a silence that distinguishes De oratoribus from other writings of his, like the dissertation on curial burial, where the author tries hard to relate every aspect of the ceremonial to—mainly fictitious—ancient roots. Such genealogical lines certainly offered themselves also when discussing the ceremonies that involved the orators—witness the obviatio, the honorable cavalcade, the baldachino carried over the pope upon entering the consistorium, or the proskynesis performed by the representatives of the rulers. (A subject index including such concepts would have made the book more useful.) Although Stenzig, too, marks the differences in rhetoric among De Grassis's tracts, he does not explain them. What seems striking, however, is that only a few years after his period in office had ended the very continuity of imperial pagan Rome with that of medieval and contemporary papal Rome became one of the main targets of Protestant polemics.


This work implements classification of different emotions in different languages using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Short Term Energy (STE) have been considered for creation of feature set. An emotional speech corpus consisting of 30 acted utterances per emotion has been developed. The emotions portrayed in this work are Anger, Joy and Neutral in each of English, Marathi and Hindi languages. Different configurations of Artificial Neural Networks have been employed for classification purposes. The performance of the classifiers has been evaluated by False Negative Rate (FNR), False Positive Rate (FPR), True Positive Rate (TPR) and True Negative Rate (TNR).


A Solar cooling system utilising the technology of the normal absorption refrigeration system with solar energy being used to heat up the generator thus providing the driver in the refrigeration circuit was considered. The absorption air-conditioning system uses ammonia and water as refrigerant. The main components in the circuit are an evaporator, an absorber, generator with flat plate solar collector in one unit, a condenser and also a solution pump. The flat plate solar collector installed to provide heat to the generator was covered with two glasses. The solar cooling system operates as a continuous absorption refrigeration system with the provision of solution pump to recirculate the weak solution of aqua ammonia between the absorber and generator. The system succeeded in reducing the ambient temperature from about 35°C to 17.1°C in the room and 10°C at the evaporator.


Objective:To study the effect of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs) combined with antithymocyte globulin(ATG) on patients with severe aplastic anemia(SAA). Method:A patient of SAA-Ⅰ was treated with ATG and UC-MSCs.Blood cell count,reticulocyte and marrow hyperplasia were performed.Flow cytometry was used to determine IFN-γ and regulatory T cells(Treg). Result:The blood cell count,reticulocyte and Treg of the patient elevated,bone marrow hyperplasia became more active than before,the interval time of blood transfusion extended and the level of IFN-γ descended.There was no respiratory infection,abnormality of the hepatic and renal function. Conclusion:ATG and UC-MSCs can improve the hematogenesis of bone marrow in aplastic anemia without obviously adverse reaction.


Experimental investigation is carried out under different loading conditions in a Single cylinder diesel engine with its piston

crown were coated with NiAl (bond coat) of 50µm thickness and Chromium oxide (Top Coat) of 300µm thickness each by using

Robotic Plasma spray coating technique to understand the influence of the thermal barrier coating (TBC) on performance and

emission characteristics in comparison with baseline engine characteristics. Cr 2 O 3 is chosen as the candidate material for coating the

piston crown because of its desirable physical properties such as high coefficient of thermal expansion, low thermal conductivity, high

Poisson's ratio, and stable phase structure at higher temperature conditions. For the measurement of emission characteristics, ISO

Mode testing cycle procedure is followed. Experimental results revealed that the thermal efficiency is increased by 16.8 % with

reduction of brake specific fuel consumption by up to 6.9 %. Experimental results also revealed that Hydro carbon (HC) emission is

reduced up to 18.95 %, carbon monoxide (CO) by up to 11.72 % and Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission is increased by up to 21.5%.


Foreword by Mary Beth Tinker (of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 1969) Chapter 1: The Constitution and the Courts of the United States Chapter 2: The Heart and Soul of the Constitution: Freedom of Expression Chapter 3: All the News the School Sees Fit to Print: Freedom of the Student Press Chapter 4: One Nation, Under the Constitution: Public Schools and the Religion Classes Chapter 5: The Fourth Amendment: Searches of Students and Their Belongings Chapter 6: Discipline and Punishment: Due Process and the Eighth Amendment Chapter 7: Equal Protection: The Struggle for Integrated Schools and Cases About Drawing Lines by Race, Wealth, Gender Citizenship and Sexual Orientation Chapter 8: Harassment in the Halls: Sexual Harassment and Bullying on Campus Chapter 9: The Health Of The Student Body: Disability, Privacy, Pregnancy, and Sexuality Appendix: Supreme Court Confirmation Exercise: You Be the Judge! Constitution of the United States Glossary Index


The aim of this matched case-control study was to investigate factors associated with meliodiosis among patients admitted at the Khok Sri Suphan Hospital during October 1st, 2012, to March 31st, 2014. There were 234 melioidosis patients and sex matched controls being patients diagnosed with a number of various diseases at the same day. The data collected by a structured questionnaire and taken from patients' medical records and were analyzed using conditional logistic regression to compute matched adjusted odds ratio(mORadj), with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and p-values. For the multivariate analysis, statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The results show that the factors significantly associated with melioidosis were a educational level below a than secondary degree (mORadj = 3.38; 95%CI = 1.72-6.63; pvalue <0.001).Being a farmer was also related significantly to the disese (mORadj =2.34; 95%CI = 1.34-4.06; p-value = 0.003).Another risk factor was related to, drinking untreated water (mORadj =2.34; 95%CI = 1.03-5.30; p-value = 0.042), and not washing hands before eating (mORadj =2.62; 95%CI = 1.31-5.23; p-value = 0.006). Suffering from a chronic disease was also a major risk factor with underlying chronic diseases (mORadj = 3.21; 95%CI = 1.67- 6.19; p-value <0.001), and this applied especially to diabetes mellitus (mORadj = 3.86; 95%CI = 1.38-10.78; p-value = 0.010). Being only recently a resident to the area of Khok Si Suphanlower for less than a year turned out also to be a rsik factor (mORadj =3.15; 95%CI = 1.60-6.19; p-value = 0.001). The study found that Melioidosis should be had various clinical manifestation. Symtoms and severity of the disease depends on location of infection and immunity to disease. Those who lived in the area for a long time, the body has natural immunity differ from who stay in the area, not have immunity and had more severe symtoms. Keyword: Risk Factors, Melioidosis, Sakonnakhon, Thailand


MOST people are aware of the fact that there are large geographical variations in the incidence of disease. Diseases such as malaria usually remain localized; others such as cholera and influenza tend to spread widely from their point of origin. Others again, such as typhus, reflect both characteristics, for, in ordinary circum? stances, they tend to be extremely localized spatially to regions or population groups, but, in abnormal circumstances (such as may accompany sudden mass movement of people in time of war) their usual features are entirely altered. It would appear that, in these cases, although the aetiological and predisposing factors are now fairly well known, the provocative factors or stimuli of the environment, while different in each case, occur only in specific geographical areas. This suggests that there is a much greater chance of dying of, say, malaria, cholera or tuberculosis if one's life is spent in one district rather than in another. Skin and lip cancer is twenty times more common among white inhabitants of the southern half of the U.S.A. than among those in the northern part; in the Soviet Union it is five to six times more common in the south than in the north. In Iceland and Japan 50 per cent of all male cancers are stomach cancers; in the U.S.A. the comparable figure is only 10 per cent, and in Indonesia it is still lower. Disease is a reaction for the worse, a maladjustment or maladaptation of the individual to adverse stimuli in the environment, the response being conditioned by the genetic make-up of the victim. Yet does not the environment itself influence heredity ? Recent research forces one to the conclusion (which is, however, often hotly disputed) that environment and heredity are not such irreconcilably opposite poles but one and the same thing. In this context, it should be appreciated that to the geographer the 'environment' is the whole gamut of influences, physical (inorganic), biological (organic) and sociocultural, that bear upon Man's welfare and which sometimes impair his health and promote disease. Physically, such factors as climate, solar or atomic radiations, the nature of the soil or water supply are important. For instance, the countries bordering on the south and the east of the Sahara experience cerebrospinal meningitis in a way in which no other part of the world compares. Epidemics occur only during the dry season when the Harmattan is blowing in the Sudan, Nigeria, Ghana and the inter? vening ex-French territories. All epidemics end at the same time?the end of April with the coming of the rains. Again, in therapy, we are all familiar with 'bracing* or 'tonic' climates, such as are experienced on our north-east coast, and the 'relaxing' or 'sedative' climates, such as occur along the south coast of Cornwall and the Exeter region. Exposure to ionizing radiations increases the risk of developing leukaemia; soft water is associated with higher death rates from cardiovascular disease; absence of iodine in the environment leads to goitre, and so forth.


Runoff sources and dominant flow paths are still poorly understood in most catchments. Consequently, isotope hydrograph separation methods are widely used to improve our understanding about runoff generation. Isotope hydrograph separation (IHS) is based on the mass balance equation of water flux and isotope tracer concentration. The isotope analysis machine (for example, mass spectrum) available can only get the δ-value of the isotope tracer. An analysis is presented for quantifying the error in two- and three- component tracer-based hydrograph separation. This analysis compared the error between ratio balance method and mass balance method in computing mixed fractions to determine which method is more accurate. In the ratio balance method, the ratio of isotope tracer in used in concentration mass balance equation; comparatively, in the mass balance method, the concentration of isotope tracer is used in the same equation. Many studies about two- and three-component tracer-based hydrograph separation are used to illustrate the application of the analysis. Because of the abundance of rare isotopes are so negligible, the difference between two methods is small in the isotopic hydrograph separation studies. In scientific research, it is not appropriate to substitute ratio for concentration in the isotope tracer concentration mass balance equation. Therefore, we recommend the use of mass balance method in the application of isotope hydrograph separation research to improve the degree of accuracy.


Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (PMS) is everything that WTS knows about sexually transmitted infections, both the type of the disease, the factors that cause PMS or how to prevent the disease. This study aims to determine the description of PMS knowledge in WTS and WTS methods in preventing PMS. Informants in this study amounted to 5 people selected by purposive sampling with the criteria of status as WTS, female with age range ± 21-50 years and willing to become informants by filling out informed consent. Data collection techniques used in this study are semi-structured interviews. The data analysis technique uses descriptive narrative analysis techniques. The results of this study are the factors that cause WTS to be exposed to PMS such as free sex, no use of condoms, wrong use of antibiotics, lack of maintaining cleanliness of genitals and lack of understanding of how to prevent PMS. Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in female sex workers is quite sufficient. In general, WTS can explain the meaning of PMS, the types of PMS, factors that cause PMS, perceived symptoms and how to prevent them even though the answers given by WTS are not all true. In this study there were female sex workers who were in the implementation and evaluation stages. WTS who are at the implementation stage can apply their knowledge in preventing PMS. WTS who are already at the evaluation stage can be aware and afraid of being exposed to PMS because they consider the disease to be dangerous so that many seek information about the disease.


In 1964 the Shinkansen made its debut between Tokyo and Shin Osaka. It was extended westward to Okayama in March 1972 and then on the Hakata in March 1975. It is now a more than 1000-km long traffic artery of Japan and is functioning smoothly. The condition needed of the train operation control system for a high-speed mass-transport railway and how to meet these conditions are explained.


We describe our system to extract genia events that was developed for the BioNLP 2013 Shared Task. Our system uses a supervised information extraction platform based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) and separates the process of event classification into multiple stages. For each event type the SVM parameters are adjusted and feature selection carried out. We find that this optimisation improves the performance of our approach. Overall our system achieved the highest precision score of all systems and was ranked 6th of 10 participating systems on F-measure (strict matching).


Recent reports suggest there is a growth‐associated fluctuation of calmodulin content in various tissues. Since psoriatic epidermis is one of the most proliferative epidermal tissues, we studied the calmodulin content of psoriatic involved and uninvolved epidermis.


During R.J.'s daily training, he is consuming 8–10 g carbohydrate/kg body weight/day. During the week before the marathon, he is doing a modified glycogen supercompensation plan described below that results in carbohydrate consumption between 5–10 g carbohydrate/kg body weight/ day with a tapering exercise duration. Carbohydrate intake during the marathon is between 40 and 65 g/hour, and within 24 hours after the marathon, R.J. resumes his intake of 8–10 g carbohydrate/kg body weight /day. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose is imperative to make necessary adjustments in carbohydrate intake and/or insulin.


The paper examines the effects of technical progress on output, terms of trade, and welfare of a growing open economy characterized by endogenous intersectoral wage differential originating from imperfect labor mobility. It is shown that technical progress is always ultra-biased regardless of the degree of labor immobility, and improves (may deteriorate) the welfare of a small open economy if labor immobility leads to a higher wage rate paid by the progressing (stationary) industry. For a large open economy, technical progress would lead to a deterioration (improvement) in its terms of trade if the progressing (stationary) sector paid the wage differential. [F11]


According to the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a compound which is a 2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose substituted in the 2 position and is of the general formula (I): or 1; and R1 is selected from methyl or ethyl, and R2 is hydrogen or a substituent group selected from CH3-, (CH3)2CH-, (CH3)2CHCH2-, CH3CH2CH(CH3)-, CH3SCH2CH2-, C6H5-CH2-, HOCH2-, CH3CH(OH)-, HSCH2-, HO-C6H4-CH2-, H2NCOCH2-, H2NCOCH2CH2-, HOCOCH2-, HOCOCH2CH2-, H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2-, H2NC(NH)NHCH2CH2CH2-, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions are useful in the treatment of metal intoxication where the metal is selected from ionized iron or aluminum.


An experiment was carried out to know bow the rice root nematode, Hirschmanniella cryzae affects the root browning of rice pant growing in various combinations of media. In sterilized conditions of growing media, the root browning of rice plant was slightly promoted by the presence of the rice root nematode, while the entire roots were stained to brown in nonsterilized conditions of growing media. It seems that the root browning is due mainly to soil micro-organisms other than nematode which promotes it slightly under sterilized conditions.


Significance Environmental and nutritional cues are crucial to determine genomic responses. They generally proceed through modulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Nuclear sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a well-known epigenetic modifier, because it deacetylates histones, and nutrient sensor, because its enzymatic activity is coupled to hydrolysis of NAD+. Compartmentalization of NAD+ metabolism makes it difficult to predict the pace of NAD+-dependent reactions in cells. Here, we use nonlinear optics in live cells to define subnuclear distribution of free and bound NADH, which determines local enzymatic activity. We define subnuclear dynamics of SIRT1 and establish a biophysical signature for SIRT1 activity in live cells. These findings have far-reaching implications, because they describe unique aspects of SIRT1 activity and delineate subnuclear territories of metabolic cues. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that functions as metabolic sensor of cellular energy and modulates biochemical pathways in the adaptation to changes in the environment. SIRT1 substrates include histones and proteins related to enhancement of mitochondrial function as well as antioxidant protection. Fluctuations in intracellular NAD+ levels regulate SIRT1 activity, but how SIRT1 enzymatic activity impacts on NAD+ levels and its intracellular distribution remains unclear. Here, we show that SIRT1 determines the nuclear organization of protein-bound NADH. Using multiphoton microscopy in live cells, we show that free and bound NADH are compartmentalized inside of the nucleus, and its subnuclear distribution depends on SIRT1. Importantly, SIRT6, a chromatin-bound deacetylase of the same class, does not influence NADH nuclear localization. In addition, using fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy in single living cells, we reveal that NAD+ metabolism in the nucleus is linked to subnuclear dynamics of active SIRT1. These results reveal a connection between NAD+ metabolism, NADH distribution, and SIRT1 activity in the nucleus of live cells and pave the way to decipher links between nuclear organization and metabolism.


This paper discusses the requirements of companies for adopting emerging digital Business-to-Business (B2B) platforms for manufacturing capacity finding and sharing. The requirements of the companies were identified through interviews with 34 companies from 5 countries in Europe, majority of them being manufacturers across different sectors. The study aims to contribute to wider adoption of such platforms among real life companies.


Losses in product values due tofusi form rust , caused by Cronart ium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shiraifi sp. fusiforme, were estimatedfrom four, 2.5-yr-old slash pine, Pinus elliotii Engelm., plantations planted in southern Mississippi over a range of sites with different growth potential and expected rust infection levels. The percentage infected stems rangedfrom 2.5% to 62% at age 2.5. The conversion-return method (Davis 1966) was used to take into account logging, transportation, and milling costs. Estimated stand values between infected and noninfected s tands were compared to determine the losses in product value due tofusiform rust . Decl ine in est imated s tand stumpage values rangedfrom 5.6% to 15.5% at age 25. S tand stumpage values at age 25 decl ined 0.26% per 1% increase in s tem rust infect ion at both ages 5 and 2.5. The strong l inear relat ionship between the percentage of stems infected at age 5 and decl ine in s tand stumpage values provides a us@1 tool for land managers who need to estimate the reduction in value of slash pine stands at harvest based on rust infection at age 5. Combining this information with estimates of losses from rust-associated mortality and reduced growth of infected stems (from other studies) permits land managers to est imate the value of slash pine s tands at harvest at early ages and decide among management al ternat ives . South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):134-139.


The pressure level inside microsystem packages can significantly affect the performance of various microsystems, including resonators and inertial sensors. We are presenting the theory and experimental verification for using bondwires as sensors to measure in-package pressure. This approach is of particular interest for developing microsystems that need to operate under stable ambient conditions. The proposed technique covers the pressure range needed for most microsensors without imposing any additional processing steps and hence is applicable to a wide range of systems and applications. The device can be created from unused pads on a package during the wire bonding step in any packaging process. Relying on a standard step in packaging process, our approach adds no cost or space requirements to the overall system.


Anodization and the effect of subsequently applying cathodic potential to a thin-film Ti electrode in an aqueous NaCl solution have been studied with in situ neutron reflectometry. This new technique provides further insight into the processes underlying anodic oxide formation and hydrogen absorption under cathodic polarization. The results (Pilling-Bedworth ratio, anodization ratio, the onset of fluctuations in electrode current under cathodic potential, etc.) are generally in agreement with the literature, but this new technique provides further insight into the electrochemical processes. The anodized oxide is observed to be not porous, and has the density of the rutile structure for its entire thickness. However, it comprises two distinct regions: an inner region similar in thickness and composition to the original air-grown oxide, and an outer region containing a significant amount of hydrogen. The similarity of the inner region to the original oxide suggests that the underlying oxide growth mechanism for Ti is the point-defect model. Under applied cathodic potentials the overall oxide thickness remains constant, but the inner region is gradually converted to a material similar in hydrogen content to the outer region. The onset of massive hydrogen penetration seems to occur when the conversion is complete, or when the innermore » region has been reduced to only a few atomic layers.« less


This paper presents an efficient Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with optimized harmonic impedance inverter. The proposed design consists of carrier and peaking power amplifiers designed for class F‐ and class F−1‐based operations. Also, multiharmonic non‐uniform stepped‐impedance transmission line‐based input–output matching network is designed for the proposed circuit. The new design maximizes the operating bandwidth by optimizing the control harmonic impedance inverter. The DPA circuit is implemented using the advanced design system simulator, and the chip is made of GaAs 0.25‐μm PHEMT on silicon nitride monolithic microwave integrated circuit die. The fabricated chip exhibits drain efficiency (DE) of 41%–51.5%, power added efficiency of 36.4%–41%, gain of 10.9 dB, and adjacent power leakage ratio of −34.6‐dBc at 30‐dBm peak power. The size of the chip is 2.8 × 1.9 mm2, and it occupies less die area as compared to the existing DPAs.


Ph3P)3Ru(L)(H)2 )( where L = H2 (1 )i nt he presence of styrene ,P h 3 P( 3), and N2 (4)) cleave the Ph¢ X bond (X = Cl, Br ,I )a tR Tt og ive ((Ph3P)3RuH(X)) (2 )a nd PhH. Ac ombined experimental and DFT study points to ((Ph3P)3Ru(H)2 )a st he reactive species generated upon spontaneous loss of Lf rom 3 and 4 .T he reaction of 3 with excess PhI displays striking kinetics which initially appears zeroth order in Ru. However mechanistic studies reveal that this is due to autocatalysis comprising two factors :1 )c omplex 2 ,o riginating from the initial PhI activation with 3 ,i sr oughly as reactive towar dP hI as 3 itself ;a nd 2) the Ph¢ Ib ond cleavage with the just-produced 2 gives rise to ((Ph3P)2RuI2), which quickly comproportionates with the still-present 3 to recover 2 .B oth the initial and onward activation reactions involve PPh3 dissociation, PhI coordination to Ru through I, rearrangement to a h 2 -PhI intermediate ,a nd Ph¢ Io xidative addition.


The primary objective of any higher educational institution is to produce skilled manpower which lead to the development of the country. For achieving the same an academic institution must be committed to impart quality education to its students, and has to adopt best practices and standards. In an academic year many activities (including both academic and non-academic) are executed in an institute. For executing these activities in an effective manner appropriate and efficient scheduling of these activities is required. This paper identifies the best practices for scheduling of academic & non-academic activities and also defines a detailed process for the preparation of the Academic Schedule/Time-Table of Classes in a higher educational institute.


This study reports the experience of management from 83 electronic plants located in the USA in dealing with time‐based performance. The general finding is that by managing time effectively, a firm is able to enjoy reductions in manufacturing cost, warranty cost, and more importantly increased market shares. Also, despite some prominent features offered by some of the more advanced quality related techniques, such as quality function deployment technique (QFD) and the Taguchi methods, our survey showed that very few electronic firms in the sample have actually adopted either of these two techniques. Yet consistent with the robustness of these theories, results indicate that those firms embracing these methods experienced a greater reduction in product development time. Thus, our study has important implications for manufacturing firms, particularly those which are still searching for better ways to improve their product development time. For example, according to Ray Stata, the president of Analog Device "The thing that hung us up for the longest time in the product development area is that we didn't have anybody in the company who had a clue as to how to improve product development. It wasn't that we didn't think it was important, but how do you do it?".


This study presents the characteristics of nocturnal inversion layer and their effect on the concentration variations of surface air pollutants using tethersonde and automatic weather station (AWS, 2 layer tower) system in Ulsan during 2003, The method for the distinction of inversion intensity was decided based on the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. As the results, there was a close correlation (correlation coefficient of 0,76) between the maximum inversion height obtained from tethersonde and the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. The air pollutant concentration was also directly proportional to the inversion intensity. When the inversion intensity was strong in the nighttime, ozone concentration was lower, while nitrogen dioxide concentration was higher. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was gradually higher according to the nocturnal inversion intensity, whereas sulfur dioxide concentration was relatively constant. In addition, we found that there was no correlation between the inversion intensity and TSP concentration.


The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological census of the mouth (soft tissue lessions) among patients in the "Fray Bernardino Alvarez" psychiatric hospital. One hundred and ninety five patients (112 male and 83 female) were clinically explored by a full trained dentist the lesions of the oral mucosa were assessed using the WHO's classification. Diagnostic distribution of patients was as follows: 44.6% of the patients were schizophrenics, 19.5% organic mental disorders, and 19% mood disorders. The three principal causes of soft tissue lesions were: bite inner cheek (98 subjects), fibroma (72 subjects) and ulcerations 12 (subjects). Among all patients, 71% had only one lesion category, 24% two lesions categories and 4% had the 3 categories of lesions apresent, 1% had no lesions.


Hydrogen is the predominant residual gas in metal vacuum systems at very low pressures (i.e. in the utrahigh [uhv] and extreme high vacuum [xhv] ranges) and the reduction in the hydrogen outgassing rate is the most challenging problem in achieving xhv. Our understanding of the diffusion and adsorption/desorption processes involved in the outgassing of hydrogen from metals has much improved in recent years and has led to better methods for reducing the outgassing rates of hydrogen from metals such as stainless steel and aluminum alloys. This overview examines some recent advances in our understanding of the effects of hydrogen in vacuum systems; these include a) the adsorption/desorption/diffusion equilibrium at the vacuum‐metal interface, b) the effects of multiple energy states of H atoms in the bulk metal, c) the physical adsorption of hydrogen on surfaces at cryogenic temperatures and d) the anomalous effects in pressure measurements of hydrogen with ionization gauges and residual gas analyzers.


We examine how corporate insiders profit from private information about future earnings performance through SEC Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. We first provide evidence consistent with insiders using 10b5-1 plans to sell stock in advance of disappointing earnings results. We then examine insiders who not only currently use 10b5-1 plans, but also actively traded their own company's stock prior to the availability of such plans. We find that this group traded aggressively on earnings information prior to 10b5-1, but then shifted their aggressive trading into 10b5-1 plans after the availability of planned trading. We also document several questionable patterns associated with their trading behavior. Namely, their trades tend to be irregularly timed, close to the plan initiation date, infrequent in nature, and executed during traditional earnings blackout periods. In terms of firm characteristics, these insiders are more likely to be employed at firms with weaker firm governance and lower institutional ownership.


An automatically calibrated test apparatus for determining the time required to attain a certain critical brake pressure following initiation of a brake application where the critical pressure is a predetermined percentage of the maximum brake pressure attainable. The critical brake pressure is calibrated and registered at a comparator device in response to an initial brake application following the release of which a subsequent application is made to start a timer and concurrently connect the effective brake application signal to the comparator for terminating the timer when the effective brake application signal matches the critical brake pressure signal registered during the initial brake application. A capacitor stores the maximum brake pressure signal generated by the initial brake application while a potentiometer calibrates the signal in accordance with a correction factor determined by said predetermined percentage.


Abstract : The trimethylsilyl group on the 6-position of methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-trimethylsilyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is preferentially removed by methanolysis, using basic or acidic catalysts, giving methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-trimethylsilyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside in high yield (>80%). Reaction of the latter with acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride, or phenyl isocyanate produces the corresponding 6-substituted derivatives in quantitative yield. The trimethylsilyl residues from the latter compounds are hydrolyzed by 50% aqueous methanol with the concomitant formation of 6-O-acetyl, 6-O-benzoyl, or 6-carbanilate derivatives of methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside in excellent yield. Chemical and proton magnetic resonance (p.m.r.) studies established the structure of methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-trimethylsilyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, and of subsequent derivatives prepared from this compound. Infrared and p.m.r. evidence is offered to support conclusions regarding the conformation of the groups or atoms attached to C6 and C5 of the glucoside residue in some of these compounds. (Author)


This article replies to the claim that preference-based power indices are impossible and that preferences should be ignored when assessing actors' influence in different interactions (Braham and Holler [2005] 'The Impossibility of a Preference-based Power Index', Journal of Theoretical Politics 17: 137-57). The article argues that preferences are an important determinant of potential and actual outcomes of social interaction and thereby a valuable ingredient of power analysis.


The six programs in this collection are a sampling from a set of about 70 programs () prepared at the University of the Witwatersrand that cover much of a freshman year of general chemistry, and are also suitable for Advanced Placement Chemistry students. The programs have a uniform appearance for ease of use. They are not tutorials, that is they do not teach the subject. They instead provide an opportunity for interactive practice of the material while receiving helpful guidance (after either success or failure) in dealing with the problems presented. Each program should take a student from 10 to 30 minutes to complete.


Background and Objectives: Vanillin is one of the primary chemical components of the extract of the vanilla bean. Vanillin has been claimed to possess various beneficial effects like anti-mutagenic, anti-nociceptive, anti-invasive and metastasis inhibiting potential by suppressing enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9. However, literature research revealed no scientific data on its anxiolytic activity. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of vanillin in wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into five groups ( n = 6). Vanillin administered at the dose of 10,100,200 mg/kg/day, orally was compared with the standard drug Diazepam (1.0 mg/kg/day, oral) fed for the latter 10 days. The two pharmacologically validated models, elevated plus maze and bright and dark arena were used. The data presented was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney Test. P Result: Vanillin significantly reduced the time spent in closed arm, increased the entries into open arm both in chronic and acute model of elevated plus maze ( P P Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the anxiolytic activity of vanillin in wistar albino rats.


The Bernstein center of a reductive p-adic group is the algebra of conjuga- tion invariant distributions on the group which are essentially compact, i.e., invariant distributions whose convolution against a locally constant compactly supported function is again locally constant compactly supported. In the case of SL(2), we show that certain combinations of orbital integrals belongs to the Bernstein center and reveal a geometric reason for this phenomenon.


ACM first published recommendations for undergraduate programs in computer science in 1968 in a report called "Curriculum '68." The report was produced as an activity of the ACM Education Board, which since then has been providing updates to recommendations for computer science programs as well as recommendations for other academic programs in computing.


The purpose of this research was to review how often mathematics teachers use technological tools to assess their students and, the relationship established with the reliability, ease of use, and usefulness that teachers find in them; in order to offer them courses or workshops that allow them to use different tools that help them in the evaluation process, as well as, to show them different options of use for the different moments in their class, such as in diagnostic, formative or summative assessment. Under the paradigm of quantitative research, a questionnaire was applied to a random sample of 12 teachers from a public institution of higher education in Mexico City. All teachers were invited (N=14), but only 12 were able to participate; therefore, there was an 8% margin of error. The application of the questionnaire was during the period of confinement. The reliability of the questionnaire has been validated and Pearson correlation analyzes have been carried out, based on the variables: frequency and ease of use, usefulness, and reliability. The results showed that in the category of medium use, more than half of the teachers in the sample have shown a frequency of regular use of the online assessment tools. A comparison was made with the authors of the reviewed literature and coincidences were found with the answers given by the teachers. For example, there are authors who showed that teachers use ICT more frequently in their classes when they have all the necessary technological skills. Due to the above, various alternatives were proposed that encourage teachers to use it. The higher the frequency of use of online platforms, the greater the utility they find in them. With the results obtained, it is concluded that the frequency of use of online platforms positively influences the development of confidence that teachers must work with these tools.


We identify key areas of improvement for WebShop, an e-commerce shopping environment for training decision making language agents. Specifically, shortcomings in: 1) faithfulness of the reward function to human evaluation, 2) comprehensive-ness of its content, and 3) human participation required for generating instructions has hindered WebShop's promises to be a scalable real-world environment. To solve these issues, we first incorporate greater faithfulness to human evaluation by designing a new reward function to capture lexical similarities and synonyms. Second, we identify customer reviews, similar products, and customer FAQs as missing semantic components that are most helpful to human execution of the task from surveying 75 respondents. Finally, we reformulate the attribute tagging problem as a extractive short-phrase prediction task to enhance scalability. Our V2 reward function closes the gap between the scores of the WebShop's automated reward function (from 81 . 5% to 87 . 7% ) and human evaluation ( 89 . 9% ). Our attribute tagging approach achieves an accuracy of 72 . 2% with a t5-3b model fine tuned on 2 , 000 training data points, showing potential to automate the instruction creation pipeline.


Several science missions have been undertaken to our neighbor planet Mars. They realize different mission concepts from aeronomy orbiters to planetary landers and rovers. So far there has been no ...


A case study to document the achievements and challenges in setting up and managing the SIYB Association between 2003 and 2007.


This report summarizes the results of a survey of Kansas high school teachers of World History conducted in the Spring of 1972. Though the data were gathered in the state of Kansas, the textbooks used in the World History course are "national" in the sense that (1) the authors are not local or even regional and (2) the books are widely used in various parts of the country.


Sixty‐one patients with different degrees of liver failure, 23 with Child‐Pugh class B and 38 with Child‐Pugh class C, were studied and observed for 3 yr. Coagulation index analysis showed significantly lower values of prothrombin activity, more prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, higher bilirubin and fibrinogen degradation products values in class C patients. Among all patients, 28 had fibrinogen degradation products values greater than 10 μg/ml, and in these patients a hyperfibrinolytic state was confirmed by higher values of circulating plasminogen activator antigen (17.3 ± 8.7 ng/ml vs. 5.41 ± 1.9 ng/ml; p < 0.0001) and activity (6.6 ± 2.1 IU/ml vs. 1.92 ± 1.12 IU/mi; p < 0.0001) and significantly lower plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen (6.4 ± 3.5 ng/ml vs. 15.8 ± 5.6 ng/ml; p < 0.0001) and activity (3.6 ± 2.2 IU/ml vs. 8.5 ± 3.9 IU/ml; p < 0.0001). Patients with positive fibrinogen degradation products had higher serum bilirubin (6 ± 4 mg/dl vs. 2 ± 2 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) and lower fibrinogen (156 ± 52 mg/dl vs. 194 ± 62 mg/dl; p < 0.02) than patients without hyperfibrinolysis. During the follow‐up period, 41 patients died, 22 from fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage and 19 from liver failure. Thirty patients experienced fatal (22 patients) and nonfatal (8 patients) gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Patients with positive fibrinogen degradation products or class C had a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding than patients with negative fibrinogen degradation products (odds ratio = 8) or class B (odds ratio = 3.5), respectively. Cox's multiple regression model showed that positive fibrinogen degradation products was the best bleeding predictor (β coefficient = 3.9 ± 0.7 S.E.M., p < 0.001).


The main objectives of this research project is to provide part of the mathematical models and simulation technology required to assess large-scale deployment of thermomechanical subsurface energy storage in the context of intermittent renewable energy. Within this overarching framework, two main topics are discussed in this dissertation: Thermo-poroelasticity, i.e., the coupling of geomechanics, flow, and heat within a porous material, and phase field brittle fracture propagation, i.e., the temporal and spatial tracking of brittle fracture evolution by creating a diffusive zone around fracture surfaces through an auxiliary variable known as a phase field. These subjects are highly relevant for e.g., applications involving injection of heated fluids at high pressures into the subsurface, where the increased pressure may cause a fracturing of the rock matrix, in addition to the induced temperature gradient affecting the poroelastic properties of the surrounding medium. The part of this dissertation focused on thermo-poroelasticity can again be separated into three parts; (1) modeling, (2) analysis and (3) numerical implementation. In part (1), formal upscaling techniques (i.e., homogenization) are employed in order to derive the constitutive thermo-poroelastic equations from the known equations governing the physical processes at the pore-scale. Homogenization is a well-known and trusted technique, which is applicable in situations where the physical processes in question can be viewed from several scales, and where there is some uniformity or periodicity on the smaller scale. Within the context of porous media, the two relevant scales are the pore-scale and the macro-scale. Viewed from the pore scale, a porous medium consists of solid grains (obeying the laws of solid mechanics), and a fluid which is saturating the space in between the grains (obeying the laws of fluid mechanics), where the two processes are coupled at the mutual interface (i.e., at the grain surfaces). At the macroscale, however, the porous medium is considered as a homogenous material obeying its own set of physical laws, but which is still somehow implicitly dependent on (or rather, the culmination of) the processes which are taking place at the pore-scale. Assuming some uniformity in the distribution of grains (formally, periodicity), the technique of homogenization allows for deriving the macro-scale model equations from the microscale model equations. Part (2) is concerned with analyzing the thermo-poroelastic system derived in part (1). The existence and uniqueness of a weak solution to this model problem is established in the fully mixed formulation, under some natural assumptions on the regularity


Food safety professionals in industry, academia and regulatory agencies increasingly use computer modelling tools to improve food safety and shelf life (including the development of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plans) and to support microbial food safety risk assessments. Earlier this year, we conducted workshops in Melbourne and Sydney to introduce Australian scientists to one such tool, ComBase, and to provide training in its use


Traditional visually meaningful image encryption (VMIE) works by embedding a secret image (SI) into a visually meaningful carrier image (CAI), thus achieving the dual protection of both data information and appearance features. However, the current VMIE algorithm still suffers from problems of reconstruction quality and transmission efficiency. To address these issues, this paper proposes an innovative VMIE algorithm that utilizes a newly designed two-dimensional hyperchaotic map, multi-parameter fractal matrix (MPFM) theory and compressive sensing. The proposed algorithm achieves dual protection of both the semantic information and appearance image data. First, a newly designed 2D infinite triangle folding map (2D-ITFM) is presented to generate a binary key-controlled measurement matrix to measure and compress a plain image (PI) to generate measured image (MI) and decrease the amount of transmission information. Next, based on the hyperchaotic map 2D-ITFM and MPFM, we present the inter-block scrambling (IBS) algorithm and intra-block synchronous sorting diffusion (IBSSD) algorithm, which are used to process the MI and generate SI. Then, the matrix encoding embedding (MEE) technique is utilized to hide the SI into the CAI to produce a visually secure cipher image (CII). Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that our scheme is effective in improving the anti-attack ability while guaranteeing good imperceptibility and reconstruction performance. This scheme can be employed in the field of information security communication.


We report the identification and biochemical characterization of an endogenous m5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) in the A2058 human melanoma cell line. This is the first demonstration of a m5AChR outside the central nervous system. The unusual effector coupling of this endogenous m5AChR is presented. The coding region amplified by polymerase chain reaction was identical to the known m5AChR sequence. Binding studies indicated a Kd of 99 ± 6 pM and a Bmax of 45 ± 4 fmol/mg membrane protein. This m5AChR coupled to stimulation of arachidonic acid release and to a 50% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. The inhibition of cAMP production was insensitive to pertussis toxin treatment, but was dependent upon extracellular calcium. In contrast to the odd mAChR pattern, no cAMP was produced in response to carbachol (CC) stimulation. Moreover, no release of inositol phosphates could be measured after CC treatment despite the presence of at least 2 phospholipase C isoforms in A2058 cells. CC-stimulated arachidonic acid release (EC50 = 17.8 ± 0.1 μM) was dependent upon external Ca2+, with marked reduction after coincubation with EGTA, Co2+, or high doses of verapamil (IC50 = 166 μM) or diltiazem (IC50 = 243 μM). Brief exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate augmented CC-stimulated arachidonic acid release, whereas prolonged phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment resulted in down-regulation of release. Activation of the m5AChR resulted in Ca2+ influx that was attenuated by muscarinic antagonism and removal of extracellular Ca2+. A2058 cells exposed to CC had no alteration of cell shape or growth potential in monolayer culture, however, a statistically significant reduction in density-independent growth was observed over the range of CC concentrations from 0.1 to 100 μM. This endogenous m5AChR has a novel signal transduction coupling profile and receptor activation reduces clonogenic potential.


In order to further enhance the technical and profit potential of hydrophobically associating polymer flooding in J3 well area of Bohai oilfield, formulary lab experiments and pilot field tests were conducted. On the basis of those tests, a commercial chemistry flooding simulating software, FAPMS, was used to analyze the effect of the following parameters, such as the size and the concentration of high concentration polymer prepositive segment and main segment, as well as the combination style of segments, on the oil displacement efficiency. Furthermore, the injection procedure and segment size of field polymer flooding test were optimized in J3 well area of Bohai oilfield. The result shows that the optimization on the hydrophobically associating polymer flooding could lead to a 10 improvement in oil recovery ratio. The study shows that enough emphasis should be put on the optimization design of the polymer injection procedure and segment combination, to improve the technical and profit potential of polymer flooding.


Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of susceptibility genes, including shared associations across clinically distinct autoimmune diseases. We performed an inverse χ2 meta-analysis across ten pediatric-age-of-onset autoimmune diseases (pAIDs) in a casecontrol study including more than 6,035 cases and 10,718 shared population-based controls. We identified 27 genome-wide significant loci associated with one or more pAIDs, mapping to in silico–replicated autoimmune-associated genes (including IL2RA) and new candidate loci with established immunoregulatory functions such as ADGRL2, TENM3, ANKRD30A, ADCY7 and CD40LG. The pAID-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were functionally enriched for deoxyribonuclease (DNase)-hypersensitivity sites, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites and coding variants. We also identified biologically correlated, pAID-associated candidate gene sets on the basis of immune cell expression profiling and found evidence of genetic sharing. Network and protein-interaction analyses demonstrated converging roles for the signaling pathways of type 1, 2 and 17 helper T cells (TH1, TH2 and TH17), JAK-STAT, interferon and interleukin in multiple autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases affect 7–10% of individuals living in Europe and North America1 and represent a significant cause of chronic morbidity and disability. High rates of familial clustering and comorbidity across autoimmune diseases suggest that genetic predisposition underlies disease susceptibility. GWASs and immune-focused fine-mapping studies of autoimmune thyroiditis (THY)2, psoriasis (PSOR)3, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)4, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)5, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)6, rheumatoid arthritis (RA)7, celiac disease (CEL)8, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, which includes Crohn's Reprints and permissions information is available online at http://www.nature.com/reprints/index.html. Correspondence should be addressed to H.H. (firstname.lastname@example.com). 43Present address: Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA. Note: Any Supplementary Information and Source Data files are available in the online version of the paper. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Y.R.L. and H.H. were leading contributors in the design, analysis and writing of this study. D.J.A. contributed to data collection and literature review. B.F., Ø.F., L.A.D., S.D.T., M.L.B., S.L.G., A.L., E.P., E.R., C.S., A.S., E.M., M.S.S., B.A.L., M.P., R.K.R., D.C.W., H.C., C.C.-R., J.S.O., E.M.B., K.E.S., S.K., A.M.G., J. Snyder, T.H.F., C.P., R.N.B., J.E.M. and J.A.E. contributed samples and phenotypes. F.D.M., K.A.T., H.Q., R.M.C., C.E.K., F.W. and J. Satsangi provided assistance with samples, genotyping and data processing. S.D.Z., J.P.B., J.L. and H.L. contributed to, advised on and supervised statistical analysis. E.T.L.P., J.A.E. and B.J.K. assisted in composing and revising the manuscript. A.K., C.A.W., C.H., C.J.C., C.K., D.C., D.L., D.S.M., F.G., J.J.C., J.T.G., M.B., M.C.D., M.D.R., P.M.A.S., S.F.A.G., S.M.M., V.A., Y.G. and Z.W. read, edited and approved of the manuscript, along with all other authors. COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Nat Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 May 11. Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2015 September ; 21(9): 1018–1027. doi:10.1038/nm.3933. A uhor M anscript


Extract: Transient elevation of the activity of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) was found along with hyperuricemia in an infant in the neonatal period. A systematic investigation was begun of the activity of the phosphoribosyltransferases in the first days of life. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) were assayed using radiochemical methods in which the nucleotide products of the enzymatic reactions are precipitated with lanthanum chloride. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) was assayed using a method based on the utilization of PRPP in a system containing (14C)adenine and APRT. The activity of APRT in the neonate was found to exceed consistently that of the adult. The degree of elevation was as great as that observed in patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The mean value of APRT in the adult was 665 nmol AMP/min/ml packed cells, whereas in the neonate the mean value was 1,150. The difference between neonate and adult was significant statistically at the <0.001 level.Erythrocytes of adults were fractionated into young and old cells. The activity of APRT in the young cells from each individual was 1.5–2.1 times that of the old cells. The concentrations of PRPP were significantly greater in the erythrocytes of neonates than in those of adults (P < 0.001). The mean concentration in the infants was 2.4 times the adult mean value.It was concluded that the elevated activity of APRT in the neonate reflected partly a young population of cells and partly a stabilization by PRPP of APRT against the attrition of aging.Speculation: The activity of APRT was first found to be elevated in the erythrocytes of patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. It has been found to be elevated to an identical degree in patients with partial deficiency of HGPRT and with overproduction of uric acid without abnormality in HGPRT. Now it is apparent that APRT is elevated to precisely the same degree in the normal newborn infant. These observations speak for a common mechanism of biologic control.


For robust data association performance, tracking algorithms available in the literature utilize kinematic as well as non-kinematic information. These algorithms, however, do not provide a systematic way to utilize non-kinematic information to resolve severe and prolonged association ambiguities in the past. We propose a novel framework in which kinematic and non-kinematic information of potential targets are stored as different entities, respectively denoted as tracks and IDs. The dynamic association between tracks and IDs provides the mechanism for resolving past ambiguities and reporting any remaining ambiguity to the user. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the approach.


The question attacked is whether soil variations are sufficiently constant from year to year to give useful corrections to the yields of experimental plots from their yields under previous uniformity trials, and the data investigated were the published results of uniformity trials carried out on two fields at Aarslev (Denmark) between 1906 and 1911. In one case the plots did tend to keep constant in their relative yields, and the precision of an experiment would be increased by nearly 150 per cent. if the regression on the mean yield in the three previous years were used: with the other field, however, the plots showed no constancy in yield (when the variation due to strips was taken out as in modern experimental methods), and consequently previous uniformity trials could give no assistance. The work described here was done whilst I was enjoying the hospitality of the Rothamsted Laboratory: it gives me much pleasure to acknowledge my great indebtedness to Dr R. A. Fisher, F.R.S., who suggested the problem, and guided my unsteady steps throughout.


In this paper, a detailed sensitivity analysis of the active manipulation scheme for scalar Helmholtz fields proposed in our previous works, in both free space and constant-depth homogeneous ocean environments, is presented. We apply the method of moments (MoM) together with Tikhonov regularization with Morozov discrepancy principle to investigate the effects of problem parameters variations on the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed active field control strategy. We discuss the feasibility of the active scheme (power budget and control accuracy) as a function of the frequency, the distance between the control region and the active source, the mutual distance between the control regions, and the size of the control region. Process error is considered as well to investigate the possibility of an accurate active control in the presence of manufacturing noise. The numerical simulations show the accuracy of the active field control scheme and indicate some challenges and limitations for its physical implementations.


Teenagers tend to find difficulties in filtering hoax due to a lack of literacy skills. They view that learning history through a book is boring. Instead, teenagers prefer to read information online. This study aims to improve history literacy among adolescences in order to prevent the spread out of hoax through KCBS (Kumpulan Buku Cerita Sejarah/the collection of historical narratives). The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The result of this study is improved history literacy of the adolescences which enabling them to filter information gathered from blogs and websites as well as the use of Facebook as a source of information and the development of positive characters. One of many ways to improve history literacy is through literacy movement in which students are imperatively encouraged to read history books that are followed by summarizing a certain topic into the KCBS (Kumpulan Cerita Buku Sejarah). Rewriting historical narratives is hoped to improve the students' literacy skills so that in the near future they will understand the danger of spreading out a hoax and will better respond to prevent the widespread.


Uniform experimental design is applied by the idea of uniform disperion,using U 31 (31 11 )uniform desigh table and test scheme,dividing eleven main factors which affectted missile firing accuracy into thirty one levels,six freedom simulation about some cruise missile has been done.Results show that calculation times reduces rapidly,the results are reasonable,eleven factors effect on firing accuracy is agree with real parameters,missile missdistance prognostic equation about firing conditions is given by treating simulation results.Comparing with conventional test method,the uniform experimental design has scientific and advanced performance.


This article presents some defects in the electrical machines and a few methods for appropriate diagnosis. It is part of a broader study that aims to identify electrical or mechanical defects that can occur in electrical machines in operation, a description of their man ifestation, prevention and ultimately solutions to remedy them. Intention is that this work beco mes a guide to maintenance and repair of the electrical machines that can be used by specialized personnel.It is known that the correct selection of the appropriate machine for each application, the usage of the correct loading and ventilation, the selection of suitable protective elements and the preventive maintenance is the guarantee of extended service life of these mach ines. It is well known too that a number of concealed defects (both material and regarding the installation) can produce more or less damage, that's why careful monitoring of electrical mach ines (especially those of high power) is very important. At least as important are the methods of diagnosis of mechanical or electrical defects, some of which can provide the specialized maintenance personnel with data about the machine itself, before the appearance of defects and without dismantling the machine.The methods used are specific to preventive maintenance such as measurements, verifications, and tests.We conclude that the defects in the electrical machines are mu ltip le, can have internal or external causes, affect nearly all the constructive elements, have specific ways of man ifestation, and that their appearance is often preceded by some signs that can warn the operating and maintenance personnel.Co mpliance with the correct operation scheme of the electrical machines, knowledge of the manifestation of defects, professionalism of the staff, comb ined with the use of appropriate protective elements may lead to increasing their life span and reduction of the consumption of material and financial resources.


Submitted for the MAR12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Relaxation dynamics of photoexcited carriers in graphene probed by optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy LIANG ZHAO, Case Western Reserve University, KIN FAI MAK, NICK PETRONE, JIM HONE, TONY HEINZ, Columbia University, JIE SHAN, Case Western Reserve University — The relaxation of hot carriers in graphene is a subject of much current interest. The role of electronic and phonon relaxation channels is a topic of particular focus, with phenomena such as carrier multiplication, in which multiple charge carriers are generated from absorption of a single photon, having been predicted.1 In this work, we apply the optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy to investigate the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited carriers in large-area single-layer graphene samples grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The complex optical conductivity induced by optical excitation is determined over a broad range of THz frequencies as a function of the pump-probe delay time. To probe carrier relaxation dynamics, we compare the transient optical conductivity to a single-particle model for the intraband response. The effect of pump fluence and the static doping density on the carrier dynamics will be discussed. 1T. Winzer, A. Knorr, and E. Malic, Nano Letts. 10, 4839 (2010). Jie Shan Case Western Reserve University Date submitted: 12 Dec 2011 Electronic form version 1.4