The material class of transparent conductive oxides features a variety of properties that are interesting and useful for optical and opto-electronic applications. ITO belonging to this class has shown to be either processed (Gui et al, Nat. Sci. Rep. 2019), or electro-statically-biased (Sorger et al., Nanoph. 2012) into the ENZ regime. Here, I review our latest work including; (1) ITO ENZ material deposition control, (1) the first ITO-based phase-shifters in silicon photonics with VpL=0.5V-mm (Amin et al, APL 2018) and 0.06V-mm performance (Amin et al, arXiv 1907.11131 2019), (2) electro-optic nonlinear activation function in feed-forward photonic neural networks (Amin et al, APL Mat. 2019), (3), optical-phase array in silicon-ITO photonics for GHz-fast beam steering, (4) a metatronic circuit board towards an analog photonic computer for PDEs, and (5) strong nonlinearity in ENZ ITO showing ~10dB of optical limiting.


Problems in the implementation of learning cause students' learning outcomes are not good. As for example, the implementation of learning is still centered on the teacher, is conventional by using the lecture system in full, the emphasis is not on facts and information, but rather emphasizes on memorization, attaches more importance to the content than the process, and is less directed at meaningful and functional learning for the lives of students. The learning process that does not involve students in the real world and does not realize interaction between students, making it less interesting, boring, students become passive, as a result of which students can not master the material well. To overcome all of that, researchers applied new media as a way to increase students' learning interest, namely by using demonstration methods. The issue was discussed through class action research conducted through two cycles. Research data obtained through observation in the classroom and documentation of the results of actions taken as well as data from class teachers. From the results of the study obtained an increase in each cycle, namely on the increase in the average grade of students in the pre-cycle is 66.77 in cycle I: 75.00 and 80.00 in cycle II. The percentage of students' learning completion also increased, namely 62.06% in pre-cycle, 79.31% in cycle I, and 100% in cycle II. Thus, the increase in learning completion from pre-cycle to cycle I after improvement was 17.25%, and increased from cycle I to cycle II by 20.69%.


The iterative equation f(x) = g(x) , x ∈ X for a given function g and a positive integer q is solved in the following two main cases: (i) X = Z , g(x) = ax+ b , (a, b ∈ Z ; a ̸= 0, 1); (ii) X = N ∪ {0} , g is increasing with no fixed point.


The ultrastructural changes of cutaneous and subcutaneous capillaries and venules in 6 cases of severe, chronic venous insufficiency were examined. The findings in all cases consisted of numerous and characteristic alterations of the vessel wall structure and of the pericapillary space which are supposed to be due to the increased intravenous pressure. The intercellular spaces are enlarged to wide channels through which erythrocytes pass into the perivascular spaces. Microvesicles occur in great numbers, they are arranged in chain-like formations and seem to come together to form transendothelial channels. Around the capillaries, edematous fluid with proteins and erythrocytes accumulates. Phagocytosis of erythrocytes, siderosomes and collagen fibrils by macrophages is observed. Within the endothelial cells there is an abundance of Weibel-Palade bodies and of multivesicular bodies. The former are frequently seen in contact with the luminal cell membrane. Weibel-Palade bodies are believed to be involved in the clotting mechanism.


A novel optimization algorithm, plant growth optimization (PGO), is proposed in this paper. According to the plant growth characteristics, an artificial plant growth model is built including leaf growth, branching, phototropism and spatial occupancy. Afterward, two mechanisms are introduced and the basic process of PGO is presented in details. Three classical test problems are adopted to test the performance of this new algorithm and the results show that it is very effective to get global optimum solution which benefits from its search mechanism. Furthermore, the effects of population size on optimization performance are also discussed.


Objective: The main aim of the European Union project NetWoRM (Net-based training for Work-Related Medicine) is an international case-based e-learning curriculum for occupational medicine (OM). Methods: To improve teaching in OM, web-based cases have been created and implemented at the University of Munich since 1999. In the last 5 years, the project has been further developed with a view to implement the methods internationally. Results: Overall, 26 cases were developed in a standard English version and 10 cases each were made available for several national European curricula. The evaluation of cases showed easiness in accepting the cases and high level of interest in working with them. Conclusions: Case-based e-learning on an international platform is a unique tool, which supports the quality improvement of education and training in OM throughout Europe in the longer term.


The article describes the approach to and condenses some of the main arguments presented in the author's book Beyond Balkansim: The Scholarly Politics of Region Making. It charts the main phases in the scholarly conceptualization of the Balkans and its characteristics and, against this background, tackles the question: What can we learn from the Balkan case about the actual production of regions?


A new method for solving the integral equation based on the Ornstein-Zernike equation for binary mixture is proposed. Then the radial distribution function obtained for both the Percus-Yevick and the hypernetted chain closure equations are used to calculate the residual chemical potential at infinite-dilution and at reduced temperatures T* = 2, 1.5 (supercritical isotherms) over a varying range of reduced densities ρ* = 0.1 to 0.6 for various types of the Lennard-Jones mixture in terms of size ratios D and energy ratios C. To examine the ability of the integral equation approach for the residual chemical potential calculations, the results are compared with the Monte-Carlo simulation data and the van der Waals I results (Shing et al., 1988). It is seen that at ρ* = 0.1 to 0.5, the deviation of the integral equation results from the MC simulation data is less than the reported statistical fluctuation.

On propose une nouvelle methode visant a resoudre l'equation integrale basee sur l'equation d'Ornstein-Zenike pour melanges binaires. On utilise ensuite la fonction de distribution radiale obtenue a la fois pour les equations de Percus-Yevick et les equations de clǒture de chaǐne hyper-reseautee afin de calculer le potentiel chimique residuel dans des conditions de dilution infinie et de temperatures reduites T* = 2, 15 (isothermes supercritiques) pour une gamme variable de densites reduites (* = 0, 1-0, 6 pour differents types de melanges de Lennard-Jones en termes de rapports de tailles D et de rapports d'energie C. Pour examiner la capacite de l'approche par equation integrale pour les calculs de potentiel chimique residuel, les resultats sont compares avec les donnees de simulation de Monte-Carlo et les resultats de van der Waals I (Shing et al., 1988). On voit qu'a (* = 0.1-0.5 l'ecart des resultats entre l'equation integrale et les donnees de simulation de Monte-Carlo est inferieur a la fluctuation statistique mentionnee.


In recent years, solid organic materials such as silicone rubber and epoxy resin have been widely used in electrical equipment due to their excellent insulation properties. However, as a result of manufacturing and design flaws as well as aging issues during operation, the insulating materials in the linked state no longer fit tightly and tiny structural defects (defect size less than 10 mm) develop, such as debonding at the composite interface, pores or cracks within the insulating material, etc. Tiny defects are prone to partial discharges and breakdowns, compromising the safety of high-voltage power equipment, particularly when subjected to strong electric fields. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out non-destructive testing (NDT) for such tiny defects. Such defects are small in size, easily buried in the material, and even some are wrapped in metal, which in turn requires very high detection accuracy, but traditional methods are difficult to achieve, so NDT technologies for tiny defects within insulating materials have become a research hotspot in the field of electric power in recent years. This paper firstly introduces the sources of tiny defects in solid organic insulating materials for electrical equipment. Secondly, the harm caused by structural defects is elaborated. Finally, emerging NDT methods and their advantages and limitations in defect detection are described in detail. The review aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of most of the NDT techniques used in the detection of tiny defects within solid organic insulating materials for electrical equipment and their most salient features.


The paper is devoted to the implementation of an approach to designing an object-oriented decision support system for automating organizational management processes. The structure of such a system is based on the problem-independent components of the presentation of the subject area of the organizational and technical system, on the basis of which the decision maker implements the functional tasks of organizational management. On the basis of the principles of object-oriented modeling, sets of information classes of objects of the vocabulary of a subject domain are selected, which make it possible to construct an object information model of a specific subject area of an ADSS application object. The information technology platform for the creation of the ADSS is considered, which requires such an organizational and functional structure of the software environment in which the objects of the subject area and the relationships between them are determined independently of the implementation of functional tasks of data processing in the procedures and interfaces of the system, and represent a single structure. As a result, a functional ADSS organization was proposed in the form of a unified information environment for constructing a computer organizational management system that implements monitoring of production indicators of organizational and technical system entities, in particular, the electricity market. Ref. 15, pic. 2


Mobile as a means of telecommunication has evolved with the various features that are very complex and sophisticated. One such feature is the ability of a cell phone capable of running Java-based applications. Current pro le on the mobile phone java MIDP 2.0 reached. In this pro le, there is an optional package of Mobile Media Fire. By implementing this pack- age into an application it will produce applications that are capable of producing sound output. Application develop- ment is done through several stages, namely the rst stage of data collection, followed by a stage of application design, programming and implementation phase of the program. The design itself also contains an application program  ow formation, and as well as the test phase the authors tried to implement this application on Samsung mobile phone. Because these applications can run on mobile devices like cell phones, it is expected that the application can be used by anyone and anywhere. Penamaan File: 50407130


With the advent of significant changes in technology, this article has analyzed the online and offline marketing strategies. The purpose of this study is to identify different marketing strategies in both online and offline platforms and their effects on customer satisfaction and customer commitment to the company's product. We have attempted to throw light on the effects of integrated marketing communication on both online and offline purchases. We have attempted to provide clearer pros and cons of both online and offline marketing and sales which can bring about significant variations in the amount of profits earned by the company. The convenience factor for the customer in making online or offline purchases partially has a role to play in the effectiveness of the marketing strategies. This shows a connecting chain between consumer convenience, effectiveness of the marketing strategy, consumer satisfaction, consumer commitment and brand loyalty. It also includes concepts like comparisons between online and offline demand and price variants which forms the base of marketing products of these companies.


It takes the mouse surface for example and introduces the general process of reverse engineering combining with the advantage of Pro/E and Mastercam,including using CMM for the data acquisition, using Pro/E for data preprocessing and model reconstruction, using Mastercam for processing the cavity and arranging actual processing on CNC with wax model to achieve the End-entity. Thereby, it provides a practical approach on reverse engineering for complicated product.


This article examines compassionate sentencing as a model of therapeutic jurisprudence. More specifically, it makes the case for the use of compassionate sentencing as a method for the criminal justice system to better respond to cases of domestic violence victims who kill their abusive partners. By applying a discourse analysis to two case studies, I illustrate the nature and benefits of a compassionate approach to sentencing. Namely, ensuring individualised justice, increasing the therapeutic potential of the law and contributing to more nuanced social constructions of domestic violence.


When business managers drive a company 'off the cliff', accelerating as they go, it's a tragic and puzzling event. When they are cheered on by investment analysts saying, "more, more, more!" one can't help but ask: how did they all get it so wrong? The case of Exodus Communications Inc illustrates how this can happen and how clear dissonance can emerge between Critical Value Drivers and the targets pursued by management. The System Dynamics technique illustrated in this paper provides insights into how management can better anticipate significant and critical shifts in the metrics they need to watch. It also illustrates how a System Dynamics approach can lead to exceptional insights in the data collection phase, when the model is still on paper. Impetus for this Research It is extremely difficult both for managers and researchers to understand the impact that changes within a firm's boundaries and its surrounding environment will have on its projected performance trajectory. To cope with this problem, business managers try to identify and constantly monitor what they believe to be the critical drivers of their business performance and design their strategies accordingly. Similarly, investment analysts use a regularly updated list of Critical Value Drivers (or CVDs) to perform firms' strategic valuations. As one research house institution defines them, Critical Value Drivers are factors, within a company as well as in its external business environment, which significantly impact (positively and negatively) the value of the company's discounted free cash flows. This primarily includes factors impacting: revenue growth/decline, cost of service, cost of investment required to provide and maintain service, cost of capital. A Critical Value Driver is therefore a variable, internal or external to the firm's specific strategic architecture, a rate or a stock, that deeply influences a firm's current and future performance. As the case to be presented suggests, CVDs are not easy to prioritize and quantify. Moreover, despite their high degree of sophistication, current techniques seem to be incapable of capturing the dynamics leading to changes of CVDs over time. Fascinated by the challenges posed by this problem, we have engaged on a project aimed at understanding what System Dynamics has to offer to the approaches currently in use. When the project was ended, the amount of insights and deeper understanding that had been generated was so impressive that it was possible to conclude that a System Dynamics approach to CVDs is an ideal one (if not the only) for understanding CVDs and anticipating their change and impact on a firm's performance. The case study and specific project objectives As a test case for our research, we used the boom and bust story of Exodus Communications, Inc (or Exodus), a former leader in the US web hosting industry. This choice was determined by the fact that our client was a firm that had an interest in gaining insights into the structure underlying its financial performance. Exodus was the successor to a Maryland (US) corporation formed in August 1992 as a computer-consulting services provider. Its management had a clear strategic vision of how it would ensure itself a leading role in the market by building on its existing competencies as well as by taking advantage of the opportunities expected to arise from the changes in the business environment resulting from the advancement of the internet era. In late 1995, Exodus pioneered the server hosting services sector, which consists of providing facilities (Internet Data Centers, or IDCs) for corporate/government users to house their (or their vendors') computer servers and electronic storage, as well as providing necessary power, appropriate communications equipment, and internet access. By mid-2000 Exodus had established itself as a clear leader in the server (or web) hosting industry worldwide, having built 25 IDCs, six of which were outside of the US (Europe, Asia and Australia). Despite the weakening economic environment of late 2000 and signs of the looming dot.com bubble, Exodus Communications, confident in its position as industry leader (its largest US competitor was half its size in terms of capacity) and analysts' strong financial valuations, continued to believe in its successful business model and planned to double its capacity by the end of 2001. However, contrarily, Exodus' earnings and other financial indicators in 2001 were quite disappointing, especially when compared to previous expectations. To avoid violating its loan covenants, the company repaid some of its debt in September; as a result it failed to meet its cash requirements and was forced to file for Chapter 11 on September 26, 2001. Consequently, Cable & Wireless Plc., a British telecom firm, selectively acquired a number of Exodus' assets, concluding the rapid demise of what had been a successful empire only a few months earlier. In retrospect, the story behind Exodus' rapid growth and decline may seem simple. As the surrounding environment changed, so did the critical drivers of Exodus' performance. As outsiders, the financial community, bombarded with a myriad of information and heavy time constraints, did not identify this change and its implication on the firm's performance given its current strategies and cost structure. And as insiders, Exodus' management did not recognize that the conditions that had made the existing growth strategy originally so successful had changed, making it essential to shift its strategic priorities and adapt its policies accordingly. But many questions remain unanswered. How could the destiny of an extremely successful company change so dramatically and unexpectedly? What did the entire financial community so clearly overlook? And what prevented the company's management, which had an excellent track record in successful strategy and execution, from effectively recognizing and coping with the challenges posed by the new environment? We find that giving a detailed answer to the above questions is the only viable way to research and then prove the potential impact that System Dynamics can have on CVDs valuations. As a consequence, this paper will describe the parts of the project that we think are more relevant in answering the following two questions: (1) Had we used the concepts and tools provided by System Dynamics to analyse data available to researchers to evaluate Exodus, would we have made better predictions regarding what was about to happen? (2) And as business consultants, would we have been able to "prove" to Exodus' managers in a timely and convincing manner when and why a shift of strategy focus had become necessary, and, perhaps more importantly, would we have had a practical impact on their decision processes? The two insights generated during the data collection phase of the project have provided an answer to the first question. In particular, they suggest that the Exodus story is a good case study of how managers' policies and analysts' valuations of firms can be influenced by a systematic bias due to misperception of stocks and flows (first insight), and due to misperception of feedback (second insight). A large stream of research from the System Dynamics literature has provided evidence indicating exactly this possibility. Indeed, the first insights that will be described seem to provide evidence of something even more basic, suggesting that an important outflow had been completely ignored. The System Dynamics model that has subsequently been built addresses the second question, as it shows how a model based on data from the public sources available at that time would have pointed out the need for a strategic shift from policies focused on customer acquisition to policies focused on customer retention as the web hosting industry went through different growth phases. The data collection phase The starting point for the research was the revenue forecasts published by financial analysts from 1998 until a few months before Exodus declared bankruptcy. The chart below (Exhibit 1) shows one sequence of consecutive revenue forecasts from well-respected equity research houses (figures in 000$). ================ Exhibit 1 ================ In 1998 and in 1999, revenue forecasts consistently underestimated growth, while revenues predicted in and post 2000 seem to have no correlation at all with the actual revenues. A large percentage of the revenues in the web hosting sector have a recurring nature as they originate from the monthly fees paid by existing customers. Hence, in order to predict revenues it is necessary to have credible growth estimates for Exodus' customer base and its monthly revenues per customer. We concluded that historical data on Exodus' customer base represented the appropriate reference mode from which to draw a dynamic hypothesis of what caused revenues not to grow as anticipated and what was overlooked by the financial analysts. To our surprise, it was extremely easy to gather quarterly data on Exodus' total customer numbers, but when we tried to find data relative to customers won and lost on a quarterly (or even an annual) basis, we realized that no such figures where publicly available, and analysts were reporting quarterly figures simply based on net customer additions/losses (Exhibit 2). ================ Exhibit 2 ================ This lack of information triggered our attention. Information on customer additions and losses is critical to understanding changes of Exodus' customer base. In fact, customer base is a stock whose future levels are determined by its current level, and by the number of customers that will be added minus the number of customers that will be lost: without accurate information on these flows, it is not possible to predict customer base. Hence, we believe that accurate information on customer won and lost should have been pivotal to Exodus' revenue forecasts. After much deliberatio


Urban sprawl is a major characteristic of spatial developments in South African cities. Housing is continuously being located at the periphery of cities. Conversely, this spatial configuration has high implications for the level of transportation demand. In order to create compact cities, sustainable and environmentally sound urban land use and transport systems, integrated land use and transport planning is required. There remains an unresolved debate within the South African literature of the use of optimisation models (tools), which seek to jointly solve for both travel activity patterns and urban activity allocations. Urban land use and transportation planning ought to be a highly interactive and a consensus-building process. Therefore models should be placed within spatially explicit decision support aids taking advantage of the latest geographic information systems to open up the process to land use and transport planners.


We investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions for simplest nonlinear q-difference equations of the form The basis for the study is a comparison between these equations (at various q) and the difference equation . We show, that for " moderate " q>1 solutions of the above q-difference equations inherit the long-time properties of solutions of the corresponding difference equation.


Chinese grapefruit's sarcocarp and VC standard liquid as test materils,phosphomolybdate-blue spectrophotometry was established for the best determination of the content of reduction-type VC.The results showed that optimal measuring wavelengths was 700 nm and the dosage of 3% metaphosphoric acid-acetic acid,5 % sulfuric acid,5% molybdate-ammonium in 25 mL reaction system were 1.5 mL,2 mL,2 mL,respectively.The reaction system,water-bathed at 30℃ for 20 minutes and then placed in room temperature for 1 hour,was in stable state.The method was stable,accurate and suitable for the determination of small-amount and batch samples.In this study,the average content of reduction-type VC in Chinese grapefruit's sarcocarp was 114.63 mg/100g.


We investigate the impact of an informal social attribute on cost behavior. More specifically, we examine the effect of generalized trust (trust in others) on cost stickiness. Using a large international sample from 44 countries, we find that generalized trust significantly increases cost stickiness. Important rationales for this result are that managers in more trusting societies are more optimistic as well as committed to stable, long-term employment relationships. This study makes a significant contribution in understanding cost stickiness differences across the globe. Our results further complement prior research which has found, to the contrary, that trust and cost stickiness are negatively associated at the local level. Hence, our study corroborates the importance of distinguishing between local social capital and global generalized trust concerning their effect on economic outcomes.


Two discourses merit discussion in popular culture today: society's attitude to alternate gender identities of the LGBTQ+ spectrum, and whether forms of mass media should bear the social responsibility of equal representation for all. The conversation hinges on how society represents its gender/sexual minorities, and what that, in turn, reflects about the said society. This paper is a cross-cultural examination of these aspects in American and Indian popular cinema and web-series of the last decade. Through a close cultural analysis of select movies and webseries, the status of queer acceptance in both these countries, the secondary areas that the productions engage with, and the gender-roles assigned to queer couples have been examined. This paper argues that there are overarching similarities between the Indian and the American productions in terms of their choice of actors, the internal dilemmas of the characters represented, and their strong 'educational' intent. However, despite the global dominance of American mass culture, Indian representations and their reception by the audience also shows important deviations.


Knee joint is the largest joint in the human body. Inspite of its important roles, it has a fairly unstable joint design and can degenerate over time. For most of the knee joint problems, surgical intervention is needed to restore normal knee joint functionality. However, knee surgery is a complex operation. If the surgery is not performed correctly, it may introduce pain on the knee, abnormal knee motion and accelerate the degenerative process of the knee. Therefore, precise pre-operative planning is very important to ensure normal knee functionality after the surgery. One approach to pre-operative planning is to model knee joint function computationally. Due to the complexity of the interactions, modeling of knee joint function is a challenging task. Existing models of knee joint function are appropriate only for medical research but not routine clinical practice for pre-operative surgery planning. Our overall research aims to resolve this issue by developing a subject-specific knee model that is appropriate for routine clinical practice. As a start, this QE paper focuses on modeling the patellofemoral joint, which is the simplest joint that makes up the whole knee joint.


This paper investigates the influence of adult literacy on grassroots people's involvement in community development (CD) projects in Nigeria. It examines the differences in the level of involvement in CD projects by participants and non-participants in adult literacy programmes. Using multi-stage sampling, 408 respondents were interviewed to obtain information. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize the data. Statistical analysis explains the variations in the mean values of the socio-economic variables and involvement in CD activities of the respondents who participated and those who never participated in adult literacy classes. Comparing participants' income and political status before and after participation in literacy programmes, the analysis shows that at P ≤ 0.01 level of significance, there was a significant difference in their income (F = 11.26) and political status (F = 78.40). The paper suggests that participatory and learner-oriented literacy initiatives are necessary for a sustainable and functional adult literacy programme.


Mundus istum M. En(n)ius in the manuscripts of Att. 15.26.5 is surely corrupt, as has been unanimously acknowledged (above all Cicero would avoid giving the three parts of a name in the order cognomen + praenomen + nomen, not to speak of the inexplicable istum). Also the modern Vulgate Mundus iste cum M. Ennio, introduced by Wesenberg in his Teubner text, is an improbable guess. Shackleton Bailey has recently proposed Maenius or Men(n)ius as the gentile name of Mundus. Mennius, however, is a very rare name and does not occur in Republican documents, while Maenius, although attested in Republican inscriptions, diverges unnecessarily from the manuscript tradition. Moreover, Shackleton Bailey must forcibly change istum to iste (even if he does not say so expressly). But it is possible to avoid practically any infringement of the transmitted text if we simply read Mundus Istummenius. The name (H) istumen(n)ius, (H)istimen(n)ius (also Inst-), written in a wide variety of ways, does occur some 20 times in urban inscriptions, mostly of the early Imperial period. It is attested also outside Rome: at Velitrae (CIL X 6556, of the early Imperial period), and even as far away as Gallia (CIL XIII 739, Bordeaux, early Empire). This gens must therefore have been somehow present among the Roman population of the Julio-Claudian age. In particular, attention should be paid to an Instumennius on a tessera nummularia of 60 B.C. (CIL I 915). No major figures occur in this gens, the name remaining restricted to the lower strata of the Roman population. That suits Mundus down to the ground. He clearly belongs to the grey mob of Rome. If he is, as it seems, identical with that Mundus mentioned in 15.29.1, then Cicero gives his family name in the first instance. The transmitted form with -mm- could represent a transposition of the double consonant of the common form Istumennius.


This paper looks at the Australian domestic freight task to determine what parts of the task are suitable for the purpose of making comparisons between the modes, and then examines the energy efficiency of road, rail and sea freight when undertaking comparable tasks. Existing information on freight movements in Australia is reviewed, from which it is deduced that the non-urban non-bulk component, which is considered to be the main area where significant potential for modal transfer exists, represents approximately 19 per cent of the total tonne-kilometres carried by all modes. This sector is at present shared between the modes in the proportions road 62 per cent, rail 30 per cent and sea 8 per cent. The general characteristics of energy consumption by transport are then discussed in the context of the overall liquid fuel supply, and it is found that transport as a whole consumes 57 per cent of total oil supplies. All non- urban freight (including bulk movements) consumes 8.3 per cent, with the non-bulk component difficult to estimate accurately, but almost certainly consuming less than 4 per cent of total supplies. Thus it is seen that the fuel conservation potential of intermodal transfers of non-bulk freight is small in percentage terms (probably less than 1 per cent) although the effect measured in terms of numbers of truck or train movements along trunk routes could be very significant. From these preliminary considerations of the freight task and fuel usage in aggregate terms the paper then turns to a detailed examination of the energy efficiency characteristics of road, rail and sea transport in the non-bulk task. (TRRL)


So far as I know, only two pianists have recorded comprehensive Scriabin solo-piano cycles. One is Michael Ponti; the other is Maria Lettberg, a Riga-born Swedish national residing in Berlin, who lived with this repertoire for years, and even wrote a doctoral thesis on Scriabin. She recorded all of Scriabin's solo piano works with opus numbers between 2004 and 2007 for a co-production between the Capriccio label and Deutschlandradio Kultur. Unlike Ponti, with his horribly-engineered and ill-tuned instrument, Lettberg enjoys the advantage of a beautifully regulated concert grand and resplendent, lifelike engineering. She revels in the composer's dynamic extremes and inner-voice labyrinths both real and implied. Her big, juicy sonority and refined articulation consistently address the sensual element that perpetually lurks underneath the surface of nearly every composition, from the early, Chopin-influenced Preludes, Etudes, Mazurkas, Waltzes, and sundry short pieces to the harmonically ambiguous, intensely mystical late sonatas and poems. Granted, you won't encounter the ice in the fire revealed throughout the younger Richter's incisive live Second, Fifth, or Ninth sonatas, nor the jackhammer impact of Horowitz's repeated chords in Vers la flame or his trills in the Tenth sonata. At the same time, Lettberg can unleash enough fervent momentum to help tighten looserknit works like the Fantasie Op. 28 and the rarely played Allegro Appassionato Op. 4 (sound clip). A bonus DVD features Lettberg in excerpts from different sonatas interspersed with discussions about the music and a multi-media project called "Mysterium", where video artist Andreas Schmidt reinterprets the music in terms of abstract manipulations of color. While Lettberg may not displace favorite versions of specific works, her overall consistency, meticulous technique, and total identification with Scriabin's idiom deserve nothing less than our highest rating. Capriccio's bargain price is enough to forgive the pianist's poorly organized booklet notes, although they contain many interesting quotations from the composer.


Commentary is provided on Perusses study showing correlations between social status and reproductive success in the number of children among French-Canadian men. Social status is correlated with frequency of sexual relations and not fertility. Perusses adaptation is viewed as more than a function of psychological mechanisms and cultural and reproductive success is interfered with by contraception and monogamy. Specifically of interest this author is Perusses ideas about occupational power and mechanisms of adaptation within generations. Current reproductive patterns are not solely reflected in numbers of sexual relationships or socioeconomic resources. Reproductive decisions are also affected by the judgement of resources available in the environment compared to other alternatives. Evidence is accumulating from Freedman and Thornton and Easterlin that there is a positive relationship between number of children and relative resources compared to ones past income or the past income of ones parents. The reproductive decision of now versus later has been examined by evolutionary theorists such as Belsky et al and Draper and Belsky and Dickeman who propose that stressful unpredictable environments yield early reproductive decisions and parental and child rearing relationships that are only temporarily cooperative. Based on animal life histories Hill and Law and Rubenstein find that when resources are unpredictable reproduction is unpredictable but the best strategy may be to reproduce when resources become available. Saving resources for the future or investing in ones own future growth and development is not advantageous. The suggestion is that human generational studies be conducted in order to test the adaptive relationship between resources and reproduction in industrialized societies rather than simply predicting based on social status. It is possible that resources reach a threshold level for reproduction and are relative.


well-chosen quotations that make his work most valuable and inspiring for all who are interested in developing the spiritual life either in themselves or in those committed to their direction. While agreeing with Fr. Arintero as to the importance of the basic principles of the spiritual life, and while admitting that they are all too often ignored or forgotten, not only by the ordinary faithful but also by their preachers and teachers, we think he goes too far when he claims (p. 38) that some of the most important of these truths have been utterly and universally forgotten. Taken literally, such sweeping accusations would be hard to reconcile with the efficacious help Christ promised to His Church in teaching the whole deposit of revelation "all days even unto the consummation of the world." They would be hard to reconcile with the spirit of Pope Pius VFs action in condemning as heretical "the proposition which asserts that in these last centuries a general darkness has been scattered over the religious truths which are of graver moment, and which are the foundation of the faith and of the moral doctrine of Jesus Christ" (DB, 1501). They would be hard to reconcile with the numerous extracts which Fr. Arintero himself has quoted from many well-known Catholic authors of the past four centuries. Doubtless, Fr. Arintero does not expect us to take these accusations too literally, for on the very same page he admits that "nevertheless the echo of the unanimous voice of the Fathers still resounds among modern theologians" and "notwithstanding the universal forgetfulness or—why not say it?—the shameful deviations from traditional teaching, there can yet be heard some dominant and authoritative voices." It seems clear therefore that Fr. Arintero did not really wish to maintain that the Church had allowed any important doctrine of the spiritual life to become utterly lost or forgotten. Consequently, one may perhaps be allowed to wonder whether he would have been willing to accept the flattering title of "the leader of the modern trend back to the traditional teaching of mystical theology" (p. xii), and the still more invidious title of "the restorer of traditional spiritual doctrine in our time and the leader of the contemporary trend toward sound mysticism" (Cf. Cross and Crown for June, 1949) which his translator, Fr. Aumann, has so generously bestowed upon him.


The kinetics of oxidation of p-aminodiphenylamine with the peroxydisulphate ion were investigated spectrophotometrically. The oxidation was accompanied by the appearance of a wine-red colour, which changed to become colourless. The reaction rate was measured by the stopped-flow technique with a UV spectrophotometer. The reactions proceeded with second-order kinetics, first-order for each individual reactant. Cationic micelles (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) caused an enhancement in the reaction rate followed by inhibition at higher concentrations. Anionic micelles (sodium dodecyl sulphate), on the other hand, had a slightly retarding effect. The effects of radical scavenger, pH and ionic strength on the fast oxidation rate were examined. A mechanism consistent with the observations is discussed.


We develop the implications of devaluation cycles for real exchange rates in a two-sector small open economy with a cash-in-advance constraint. Policy-makers are office-motivated politicians. Voters have incomplete information on the competence and the opportunism of incumbents. Devaluation acts like a tax, and is politically costly because it can signal the government is incompetent. This provides incumbents an incentive to postpone devaluations, and can lead to an overvalued exchange rate before elections. We compare the implied cycle of appreciated/depreciated exchange rates with empirical evidence around elections from Latin America.


Wadi Aidib lie at southern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, between 22° 15' - 22° 21' N and Longitudes 36° 20' - 36° 30' E, covering an area of about 30km2. It is covered by basement rocks dissected by several wadies, Wadi Aidib as a main wadi with several tributaries. Constant of channel maintenance showed the dissection of the studied basin by lineaments, fractures and joints, dissection is minimized in wadi Aidib. Landsat ETM+ false color composite image (bands 3, 2, 1) The rock types wide spread out at Wadi Aidib area contains metavolcanics, alkali feldspar granites, quartz diorites, biotite granites metasediments. Heavy liquid separation and magnetic separation techniques in addition to microscopic examination for the studied stream sediment samples were applied. The mineral resource tonnage for each concerned economic mineral 171.315 ilmenite; 93.150, magnetite; 25.110, zircon; 9.720, total rutile; 7.695, garnet; 1.215, monazite and 810.000 green silicates, in thousands of tons. The studied stream sediments are measured radiometrically using gamma-ray spectrometer for determination the radionuclides contents. U concentration varies between 1 and 2 ppm with 1.69 as an average, Th from 3 to 7 ppm with an average 4.92 ppm.


The article presents some strategies that have been either tested or are worthy of consideration in a dispute conducted through lawyers with health insurance funds when benefits are unjustifiably denied to insurance holders. There are hardly any satisfactory legal instruments which can be used against the tardy examination of benefit claims by health insurance funds. What could be considered here is an assertion of default interest. The reimbursement of costs can only be considered in the event of a final refusal by the health insurance fund or in the case of benefits that cannot be postponed. At any rate, a decision on the part of the health insurance fund should be enforced and the results awaited. The consequences of the decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of 5.12.2005 are presented in brief. The relationship between the doctor and the medical service of the health insurance fund (MDK) is discussed. In the event of a benefit review by the MDK, the prescribing doctor has therapeutic latitude vis-a-vis the health insurance fund and the reviewing doctors of the MDK. All that the MDK does here is check justifiability. The insured person's right to choice in terms of the implementation of the benefit in a particular therapy centre is subject to the suitability of the facility and to affordability. According to the practice of the social security courts, it is also subject to the contractual connection of the facility to the insurance body responsible. Then there is a brief examination of claims for damages by insured parties and the right to action of the public service provider.


Hydrogel actuators, comprising gels that convert external stimuli into mechanical motion for actuation, are attracting attention for their promising applications, such as in robotics. The driving force is the absorption or release of water or another solvent, which results in swelling and shrinking motions, leading in turn to more complex functionalities. However, practical hydrogel actuators that can be controlled locally, such as ones that allow local actuation around the joints in rigid‐bodied robots, do not exist. Herein, the driving target of a thermo‐responsive hydrogel, poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide), is integrated with the stimulation module using a liquid metal. The stimulation module provides heat as an external stimulus to the hydrogel actuator. The motion of the actuator is triggered by the heat supplied by an ultrasoft hydrogel coil, with liquid metal surrounding the driving target. The heat generated by current flowing through the liquid metal changes the temperature only around the desired part of the actuator, which enables the electrical control of an individual part of the hydrogel actuator. The concept of integrating the driving target and stimulator is expected to facilitate functional movement of actuators and expand the range of potential applications of hydrogels.


To provide information concerning the functionality of honey as a marinade ingredient for roasted chicken, bone-in breast quarters were marinated with lemon-pepper marinade either by immersion or injection. Honey (10, 20, and 30%) was substituted for water in the marinades. Injected chicken retained more marinade, lost less juice during roasting, and required less force to shear than immersed chicken. Descriptive sensory panel evaluation showed that injected chicken had a more glossy and moist appearance, more intense lemon flavor, more intense sweet and salty taste, and more tender texture than immersed chicken. For injected chicken, addition of honey to the marinade increased honey flavor without notably affecting appearance, aroma, other flavor attributes, or texture.


..........................................................................................................3 Introduction....................................................................................................4 Literature Review............................................................................................4 Sample Selection, Variable Definition, and Study Design...........................................5 Empirical Results.............................................................................................6 Robustness Test and Sensitivity Analysis..............................................................13 Conclusion...................................................................................................14 References....................................................................................................16


This scientific statement is the product of the Utstein '95 Symposium held June 23-24, 1995, at Utstein Abbey, Island of Mosteroy, Rogaland County, Norway. Draft versions were circulated for comment to participants of the Utstein '95 Symposium; the European Resuscitation Council Executive Committee; the Emergency Cardiac Care Committee of the American Heart Association; the Executive Committees of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, the Australian Resuscitation Council, and the Resuscitation Councils of Southern Africa; and several outside reviewers. The development of this statement was authorized by the Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee of the AHA and the Executive Committee of the European Resuscitation Council.

We do not know the true effectiveness of in-hospital resuscitation. Observed results of the many published studies vary greatly. Studies originate from different settings and have different patient populations. Reports suffer from nonuniform nomenclature and variable inclusion definitions. Patients differ in the extent of comorbid conditions and interventions in place at the time of cardiac arrest. These differences prevent valid interhospital and intrahospital comparisons and make determining the effectiveness of current resuscitation techniques impossible.

To develop these guidelines the task force used a consensus development process that originated with the "Utstein style" for reporting outcome data from out-of-hospital resuscitation events. Task force members performed an integrated review of published studies. An initial draft was prepared, discussed, and revised at a 2-day conference. Further drafts were revised and circulated among task force members and discussed face-to-face at three subsequent meetings.

The task force defined a set of data elements that are essential or desirable for documenting in-hospital cardiac arrest. Data categories are hospital variables, patient variables, arrest variables, and outcome variables. The "In-Hospital Utstein-Style Template" was developed to summarize these data and recommendations for reporting a specific set of survival rates and outcomes. The task force …


Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) surgery has still continued to be the gold standard among the surgical treatments applied for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), today [1]. TURP operations, it is more commonly preferred compared to general anaesthesia since it allows the early diagnosis of negativities such as regional anaesthesia fluid loading, bladder perforation, and TURP Sydrome. When the local anaesthetics are used appropriately and attentively in spinal anaesthesia, they have very few side effects. [2-4] Most of the patients who underwent a TUR-P operation are in their advanced ages and have respiratory and cardiac comorbidities. Therefore, it is important for such patients to prevent hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory distress related to spinal anaesthesia [4]. (4) In order to achieve an efficient anaesthesia for the TUR-P operation, it is required to form the block at T10 level. Insufficient anaesthesia causes additional problems for the patient. Injection of low dose opioids together with local anaesthetics in regional blocks increases the potency of analgesia [5-7].


Abstract Typically developing children have been shown to imitate the specific means used by an adult to achieve an object-directed outcome, even if a more efficient method is available. It has been argued that this behaviour can be attributed to social and communicative motivations. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), relative to children with Down syndrome (DS), show a reduced tendency to copy the exact means used by an adult to produce a novel outcome. To achieve this a sample of 34 children (22 with ASD and 12 with DS) were given a test of object-directed imitation. Contrary to expectation, children in both groups imitated the specific method of the model to the same high extent. This finding is in line with suggestions that object-directed imitation is relatively spared in children with autism but is surprising given arguments linking such imitation to socially based motivations. Nevertheless, children's ability to successfully copy the ...


Solid superacids SO~2-_4/TiO_2-Al_2O_3 were prepared and used to catalyze the esterfication of iso-octyl alcohol and by-products in oxidization reaction of durene,which were pretreated before esterifying reaction.Influencing factors on the mixing acid conversion,such as the usage of catalyst,ratio of iso-octyl alcohol to mixing acid,reactive time,were investigated.The optimum reactive conditions are: ratio of usage of catalyst to isooctyl alcohol to mixing acid 0.01∶3.18∶1,the reaction time 3 hours.Under the optimum conditions,the conversion of the mixing acid is up to 99.9%.


his study has tried to analyze the value and meaning of body discipline in Eastern concept for future physical education. These days, an urgent problem of modern education is the human alienation, which is resulted from just intellectual discipline. Throughout the development of Western thoughts, intellectual discipline has been expanded by operation of concepts. That is, in the West, education has been historically concerned with behavior in the cognitive domains of knowing, remembering, reasoning and problem solving, Whereas, in the East, intellectual discipline means not only a system of knowledge by the operation of concepts, but also through physical activities. In traditional Eastern concept, the physical activity is the ideal education to gain moral excellences and virtue. Easterners believe that moral excellence and virtue can be gained through the body discipline, which does not mean just a physical, but means a body wholly penetrated with spirit. Body dicipline, in Eastern concept, eventually aims the perfection of personality. The aim of physical activity program should be the development of physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially fit the human through the medium of physical activity(or body discipline).


The research shows that realization of reverse transcription of RNA fragments (partners of recombination) into immobilized environment (polyacrylamidic gel) and also the decrease of reverse transcriptase concentration in reaction mixture allow to reduce approximately in 10000 times the frequency of homologous recombination, accomplished by this enzyme.


Micromachined tunable VCSELs are particularly useful for wavelength division multiplexing applications because of their large continuous wavelength tuning range. Design of these devices requires that the entire system can be modeled and simulated. In this paper a finite element model of a tunable vertical cavity laser diode is created using ANSYS. To study the strongly coupled system level dynamic, reduced order modeling of tunable VCLES is crested and the device performance is studied.


Abstract One of the difficulties in the solution of inverse heat conduction problems is that of making sufficiently accurate initial guesses for the unknowns in order to start the iterations. In this work a direct integration method is developed for determining good initial guesses for the unknown property coefficients within about 10% error. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is then applied to refine the results to within a specified convergence criterion. The problem studied here is concerned with simultaneous estimation of temperature dependent thermal conductivity and heat capacity from the multiple spatial and temporal measurements taken during transient heat conduction. Interior temperature sensors are found to be necessary when the properties vary with respect to temperature. A statistical analysis is performed to determine approximate confidence bounds for estimating the thermal conductivity and heal capacity per unit volume


A ferroelectric bulk channel field effect transistor has been developed using a thin film of lead titanate (PbTiO3) deposited on a n/p+ Si substrate by rf sputtering, in which the drain conductance changes in proportion to the remanent polarization of PbTiO3 thin film induced by the gate pulse voltage. Since the remanent polarization will stay a long time after the gate voltage is removed, the device possesses the memory characteristics. The device is a bulk channel structure and different from the reported surface channel type ferroelectric field effect transistor. Therefore, it possesses higher mobility. In this letter, current–voltage curves have been shown to compare with the theoretical analysis. The fit is quite good.


Background: Sleep disruption is a public health concern and environmental exposures that influence the biological processes underpinning sleep may contribute to impaired sleep health. However, the contributions of environmental chemical pollutants to sleep health have not been systematically investigated. Objectives: This systematic literature review sought to identify, evaluate, summarize, and synthesize the existing evidence between environmental chemical pollutant exposure and dimensions of sleep health in humans. We sought to evaluate potential mechanisms underlying exposure-outcome relationships and recommend areas for future research. Methods: Databases were searched for peer-reviewed published research on chemical environmental pollutants and sleep health and disorders with no date restriction up to the last search date of April 2021 (registered protocol PROSPERO # CRD42021256918), resulting in 9,918 records. Two reviewers independently screened identified records against inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted study information, and performed risk of bias assessments. Results: We identified 204 studies of exposure to air pollution, exposures related to the Gulf War and other conflicts, endocrine disruptors, metals, pesticides, and solvents with dimensions of sleep health (architecture, duration, quality, timing) and sleep disorders (sleeping pill use, insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing) for inclusion in this review. Metals were the most frequently evaluated pollutants, while sleep maintenance/insomnia and quality were the most reported sleep outcomes. Synthesis of the evidence suggests mechanisms related to cholinergic signaling, neurotransmission, and inflammation as the most shared pathways. Discussion: Evidence indicates that exposure to particulate matter, secondhand smoke, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, lead, mercury, pesticides, solvents, and exposures related to the Gulf War are associated with worse sleep health and disorders. Chemical pollutants are likely key environmental determinants of sleep health and disorders; thus, there is a need to improve measurement of pollutants and sleep, study rigor, and determine the populations most vulnerable to the effects of exposure.


Raising capital adequacy standards and introducing binding liquidity requirements can have beneficial effects if they reduce the probability of a costly financial crisis, but may also reduce GDP by raising borrowing costs for households and companies. In this paper, we estimate both benefits and costs of raising capital and liquidity, with the benefits being in terms of reduction in the probability of banking crises, while the costs are defined in terms of the economic impact of higher spreads for bank customers. We note that both of these results are contrary to the Modigliani-Miller theorem of irrelevance of the debt-equity choice. The result shows a positive net benefit from regulatory tightening, for a range of 2-6 percentage points increase in capital and liquidity ratios, depending on underlying assumptions.


In the urgent-care setting, determining the cause of dyspnea has been difficult because traditional, subjective methods of distinguishing heart failure from pulmonary conditions leave a high level of uncertainty. Recent research demonstrates that measurements of neurohormones, in particular B-type natriuretic peptide, can significantly increase diagnostic accuracy. In the clinical setting, BNP levels correlate with long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Modulation of B-type natriuretic peptide by pharmacologic therapy, including the angiotensin receptor blacker valsartan, has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Thus, measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide levels gives clinicians another important tool to help guide therapy.


While the demand for health care has been shown to decline as prices rise, little is known about the impact of raising user fees on health outcomes or other dimensions of well-being such as labor supply and wages. Drawing on evidence from social experiments conducted in the United Statesine the effect of an increase in the costs of health care on a series of indicators fo health status, labor force participation and wages of men and women.


Sociologists of education are generally believers in the institution and its potential. They thus compare it not to past and present alternatives but to meritocratic and equalitarian ideals. This supports reform but hinders analysis, narrowing unreasonably the issues under consideration. Downey and Condron (DC) make real progress by comparing schooling with alternatives. I suggest much further broadening of the relevant comparisons. Status-related variation in individual cognitive development is one component of effects on individual status transmission and overall inequality. Another component is individual participation and attainment. And educational institutions have direct effects on stratification beyond individual achievement and attainment.


The aim of this master thesis project was to statistically correlate various powder characteristics to the quality of additively manufactured parts. An additional goal of this project was to find a ...


Background The aim of this study was to synthesize Gd3+-based silica nanoparticles that conjugate easily with glucosamine and to investigate their use as a nanoprobe for detection of human fibrosarcoma cells. Methods Based on the structure of the 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose molecule (18FDG), a new compound consisting of D-glucose (1.1 nm) was conjugated with a Gd3+-based mesoporous silica nanoparticle using an N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxy succinimide (ANB-NOS) crosslinker The contrast agent obtained was characterized using a variety of methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). In vitro studies included cell toxicity, apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and hexokinase assays, and in vivo tests consisted of evaluation of blood glucose levels using the contrast compound and tumor imaging. The cellular uptake study was validated using ICP-AES. Magnetic resonance relaxivity of the contrast agent was determined using a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Results ANB-NOS was found to be the preferred linker for attaching glucosamine onto the surface of the mesoporous silica nanospheres. The r1 relaxivity for the nanoparticles was 17.70 mM−1s−1 per Gd3+ ion, which is 4.4 times larger than that for Magnevist® (r1 approximately 4 mM−1s−1 per Gd3+ ion). The compound showed suitable cellular uptake (75.6% ± 2.01%) without any appreciable cytotoxicity. Conclusion Our results suggest that covalently attaching glucosamine molecules to mesoporous silica nanoparticles enables effective targeted delivery of a contrast agent.


A new pot trial method was developed to assess sugarcane variety tolerance to nematodes under controlled conditions. Pre-germinated single-budded setts were planted into pots containing sterilised soil or sterilised soil inoculated with a cocktail of nematodes. The nematode community was dominated by Meloidogyne, and also contained Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Paratrichodorus, Scutellonema and Tylenchorhynchus. Shoot height, shoot and root biomass and nematode numbers in the roots at harvest were recorded. Two trials with varieties N12 (tolerant) and N51 (susceptible) were planted using the above method. In Trial 1, no significant differences in growth were noted between treatments, largely due to low nematode numbers in the roots. In Trial 2, the number of nematodes used for inoculation was doubled. This significantly increased nematode numbers in the roots of the inoculated treatments at harvest. No significant differences in growth were observed between the sterilised control and the sterilised and inoculated treatment for N12, confirming tolerance to plant parasitic nematodes. For N51, all growth parameters tested were significantly lower in the inoculated treatment, confirming the susceptibility of this variety. This new pot trial method will be used to assign nematode tolerance ratings for varieties in future; however, further refinement is required.


& Horvath, 1957). However, D-PEN also forms a thiazolidine with PALP (Ueda, Akedo & Suda, 1960). Hence this reaction cannot explain, in rat feeding experiments (Wilson & Du Vigneaud, 1950), either the toxicity of L-PEN or the non-toxicity of D-PEN (Evered, 1963). The method of Matsuo (1957) was used to determine the stability constants of the thiazolidines formed between PALP and the various PEN isomers. The comparative results were 10-4xK=1-4, 1'4, 1-5 for L-, Dand DL-PEN respectively. Two PALP-dependent enzymes, tryptophanase and mammalian alanine aminotransferase with added coenzyme, were inhibited in vitro by subsequent addition ofL-PEN but not ofD-PEN. These results were interpreted to reflect modification of the enzyme protein by L-PEN and not merely removal of coenzyme by thiazolidine formation (Ueda, Akedo & Suda, 1960). Possible inhibitory effects of PEN isomers were tested against several aminotransferases. D-PEN (2.5mM) did not inhibit wheat-germ aspartate aminotransferase. L-PEN inhibited this enzyme by 4%, which was not considered to be significant. Similar results were observed with pig heart aspartate aminotransferase. Wheat-germ alanine aminotransferase was not inhibited by 2mM-D-PEN whereas 2mM-L-PEN inhibited competitively by 25%. Similar inhibition was observed between L-PEN and mammalian alanine aminotransferase (Hasenbank, Korber & Siegmund, 1968). These aminotransferases were all specific for amino acid substrates of the L configuration. Hence the inhibitory effect of L-PEN is specific for alanine aminotransferase and not aspartate aminotransferase. A reasonable hypothesis is that the inhibitor is competing with the substrate, since L-PEN is a structural analogue of L-alanine. Therefore, the inhibition is not due to interaction of L-PEN with coenzyme or to alteration of the enzyme protein. With the wheat-germ enzymes, L-cysteine was more inhibitory to alanine aminotransferase (50%) than to aspartate aminotransferase (8%). These findings are compatible with our hypothesis.


This article deconstructs the politics of the home efficiency movement organization Komitet do spraw Gospodarstwa Domowego (hereafter the KGD), or the Home Economics Committee in late state socialist Poland. While doing so we focus on the organization's agenda of reshaping the lives of rural housewives from being irrational and backward to that of the normative social role of a rational nowoczesna gospodyni (modern rural housewife) by providing them with the knowledge needed to efficiently use home appliances. We argue that the KGD positioned itself as an expert group between the communist state apparatus and society as an intermediary actor that assisted in carrying out the state's social policy of improving living standards. We investigate how this organization exercised its authority through its power/knowledge as an expert group, and its strategy of enrolling other actors in its campaigns. Our article draws from archival documents of the KGD, the content analysis of its periodical, and that of several other relevant popular and expert publications.


Abstract We consider linear and nonlinear waves in a stratified hydrostatic fluid within a channel of variable area, under the restriction of one-dimensional flow. We derive a modified version of Riemann's invariant that is related to the wave luminosity. This quantity obeys a simple dynamical equation in linear theory, from which the rules of wave reflection are easily discerned; and it is adiabatically conserved in the high-frequency limit. Following a suggestion by Lighthill, we apply the linear adiabatic invariant to predict mildly nonlinear waves. This incurs only moderate error. We find that Lighthill's criterion for shock formation is essentially exact for leading shocks, and for shocks within high-frequency waves. We conclude that approximate invariants can be used to accurately predict the self-distortion of low-amplitude acoustic pulses, as well as the dissipation patterns for weak shocks, in complicated environments such as stellar envelopes. We also identify fully nonlinear solutions for a restricted class of problems.


Background Choledochal cysts (CC) are congenital bile duct anomalies with 6–30% risk for developing bile duct cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer risk of CC are unknown. We sought to identify the gene expression changes underlying the cancer risk of CC patients. Methods Liver organoids (n = 51) were generated from liver/bile duct biopsies of CC (n = 7; type I) and hepatoblastoma (n = 5; HB: non-tumor & tumor) for RNA sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed cancer-related genes in CC and controls. We compared CC with non-cancerous and cancerous controls, normal adjacent non-tumor region of hepatoblastoma (HB) liver as non-cancerous control and tumor region as non-CC cancer control (HB-tumor). Reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) verification and immunohistochemistry of selected genes was conducted in additional CC and HB liver biopsies. Findings HB non-tumor and HB tumor organoids displayed distinct gene expression profiles. Expression profiling separated CC organoids into two clusters, one overlapping with HB non-tumor and the other one with HB tumor organoids. Genes selected based on their log2FoldChange values for RT-qPCR verification in 31 CC and 11 HB non-tumor liver tissues revealed significantly elevated expression of FGFR2 in 7 and CEBPB in 2 CC liver tissues (CC vs HB: 4.082 vs. 0.7671, p<0.01; 2.506 vs. 1.210, p<0.01). Distinctive positive staining in bile ducts were seen in CC, HB tumor and non-tumor liver tissues for FGFR2 and CEBPB. Percentages of CEBPB-immuno-positive or FGFR2-immuno-positive bile duct cells in CC and HB-tumor liver were higher than that in HB non-tumor liver. Interpretation The study identified dysregulated genes related to cancer pathways in CC patients suggesting cancer risk. The findings suggest that the elevated expression of FGFR2 and CEBPB in liver may contribute to cancer development in CC patients.


This report describes the continued treatment of a geriatric patient with a mandibular lateral discontinuity defect and existing mandibular implantretained removable complete prosthesis opposing a maxillary complete denture. The purpose is to present a method of addressing patient concerns about existing esthetics and function using provisional restorations that permit gradual alterations to confirm operator and patient approval prior to fabrication of definitive prostheses. This technique allows the dentist to better accommodate the loss of dexterity, decreased adaptability, and other problems often complicating design of dental prostheses for aging patients.


Abstract : One toxic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure is tonic-clonic seizures. To assess the association between seizure onset, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), male Yorkshire swine were chronically instrumented to measure those parameters during exposure to 3, 4, 5 or 6 atmosphere absolute (ATA) on 100% oxygen. Seizure latency differed significantly as a function of pressure (P <0.05). The increase in MAP and CBF correlated with seizure latency and multiple regression analysis demonstrated that MAP and CBF jointly predict seizure latency. These results demonstrate that a measurable increase in MAP and CBF may be a useful predictive tool, which may improve the safety of diving operations and clinical treatments requiring HBO. seizure,


A relatively large number of Pakistanis known as the Bihari community have been stranded in Bangladesh since its independence in 1971. The objective of this paper is to analyze the status of the Bihari people and their problems. This paper argues that the Bihari community suffers from identity crisis of being Bangladeshis and Pakistanis or being refugees and minorities that are deprived of fundamental rights. The unresolved repatriation problem is a consequence of deliberate procrastination and political indecision on the part of both Bangladesh and Pakistan governments. Neither of these governments have done much to resolve the problem of the Bihari community. The need of the hour is to resolve the problem so that these people can live a happy and dignified life and save the future of these refugees. Both governments should realize the magnitude of the problem and should adopt an amicable way in order to resolve it.


The interpretation of Native American history by public history museums and other public institutions has been the subject of recent academic works focusing on the efforts to overcome a legacy of distrust between Natives and non-Natives. Given recent efforts to reconcile the misunderstandings of the past, the Louisiana State Museum (LSM) assembled a traveling exhibit called Native Nations of Louisiana as a collaborative effort between the museum and Louisiana tribes. Louisiana State University anthropology student Katherine Kovich interned with me and exhibit designer Jenelle Davis to create this exhibit. As the museum historian who oversaw the project, I share our experiences as relevant to ongoing efforts to improve relations between public museums and Native Americans.


Urban problems are the objective ones during the development of city. Correct policies and in-time discovery and solution of these problems would be made with a scientific knowledge about them and their evolution which would lead to the overall harmonious and healthy development.


The paper focuses on the target approach in the management science. It is proposed while taking managerial decisions to optimize the functionality reflecting the deviation of a system's achieved parameters from its targeted values taking into account the restrictive parameters such as penalties and/or risks of the decision. Examples are given to illustrate the applications of the described methodology for typical economic problems.


Inelastic-neutron-scattering experiments were performed to investigate the phonon-dispersion relations in the cubic relaxor Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 . The transverse acoustic (TA) phonon branches have flat and isotropic dispersion curves. The zone-boundary [ζζ0]-TA 2 phonon energy is approximately 6 meV, considerably lower than the values reported for simple perovskites. The low-lying transverse optical (TO) branches drop sharply with decreasing ζ, similar to the behavior observed for the complicated system Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.92 Ti 0.08 O 3 . The constant- Q scans reveal the absence of the well-defined TO phonon spectra in the range 0≤ζ≤0.1, in contrast with the sharp TA spectra. The TA, TA 2 and TO phonon energies at ζ=0.1 and 0.2 decrease with increasing temperature up to 673 K. The phonon hardening toward the transition temperature contradicts the usual soft mode behavior in simple perovskites.


The purpose of this study was to produce a systematic review of the efficacy of yoga interventions on behaviors in children with autism. Literature was searched through MEDLINE, Sports Medicine & Education Index, ERIC, Education Research Complete, and PyschInfo. The search criteria included children ages 3-22 diagnosed with autism, a yoga intervention that included physical postures, and at least one adult teaching. An initial total of 280 articles, including 27 duplicates were found. Nine papers met the inclusion criteria. Social and communication behaviors such as initiation, sensory response, and attention were evaluated. In seven of nine studies, positive behavioral results were reported. The results of this systematic review meet Every Student Succeeds Act's Tier 1 of evidence and the National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorder's criteria for evidence-based practice, indicating yoga has strong evidence to support its implementation as a behavioral intervention for children with autism.


Isaac Gottesman's book, The Critical Turn in Education: From Marxist Critique to Poststructuralist Feminism to Critical Theories of Race, is an intellectual, social, educational, and political history, masterfully woven together into a unique, fluid tapestry. Gottesman is driven by a concern for the future of critical scholarship and a commitment to its social justice goals of fighting discrimination, injustice, and oppression, ultimately to foster social movements that bring about change:


We are interested in the extent of convergence between paradigms in labor economics. Proponents of both neoclassical and institutional paradigms now embrace the common premise that labor markets cannot be adequately understood in terms of the auction market described in the model of perfect competition. The persistence of phenomena such as internal labor markets and involuntary unemployment necessitate some explanation other than the neoclassical competitive model. While institutionalists have long grappled with these issues [Freeman 1988; Kerr 1988], serious attempts by neoclassicals, via efficiency-wage and insideroutsider models [Akerlof and Yellen 1986; Lindback and Snower 1988] have appeared only in the past decade. This paper focuses narrowly on whether recent work by neoclassical economists marks an acceptance of the institutional paradigm.1 We presume that existing institutional explanations of labor markets are adequate-indeed both sufficient and persuasive-and that recent empirical work does little to challenge long-held institutional tenets [Freeman 1988]. We argue that recent neoclassical models that depart from neoclassical or-


Virtual reality technology has brought new vitality to the display of museum exhibits. With the vigorous development of virtual reality technology, the application of virtual reality technology is becoming more and more frequent. Now, the application of virtual reality technology can be seen in many museums. This paper is aimed at using virtual reality technology to study the exhibition space and interaction design of museums. This paper proposes a virtual space display technology based on the octahedral projection method and hemisphere projection method and investigates and analyzes the application of virtual reality technology. Although the realism of the virtual display is not as good as that of the traditional display, it can be improved in terms of technology and other aspects in the future.


For many musicians and music educators, finding the time and inclination to undertake further studies can be stumbling blocks to engaging in a program of research. Without self-development of this kind, understanding and rejuvenation of teaching and performance practices are unlikely to occur. Furthermore, as the academy ages, there is a responsibility on the part of those who support research students to replace themselves. The paper reports on a qualitative study undertaken with students in research higher degrees at masters and doctoral level. As part of a larger study, students were asked about their motivation to engage with music research. Students in the sample included composers, teachers, performers and songwriters. Most were enrolled in traditional thesis-based programs, but a small number were enrolled in programs with multi-exegetical outcomes. Voicing the concerns of students in research programs, the paper touches on such themes as intrinsic motivation, relationship to content, love of learning, and the access the academy provides to knowledge, people and facilities.


Summary Several dense media were compared for suitability for isolation of rat peritoneal mast cells. Mast cells isolated in 35% Ficoll (a synthetic polysaccharide) or in 37% bovine serum albumin solutions did not lose histamine during the isolation procedure or during a short period of incubation in an isosmotic medium. They responded normally to the histamine releasing action of compound 48/80 or antigen. In contrast, cells isolated in three types of sucrose media lost much of their histamine during isolation and during subsequent incubation in an isotonic medium. Histamine release induced by compound 48/80 or antigen was less than in mixed peritoneal cell suspensions. It is concluded that concentrated sucrose solutions damage mast cells, probably as a result of the hypertonicity of the media.


The cricket fraternity described "An unsettled batting position of number four" as one of the major causes for India's exit from International Cricket Council men's world cup 2019. Consistent chopping and changing batsmen at the sensitive fourth batting position proved to be a disaster for team India then. Therefore, ranking of all the batsmen, in the then Indian cricket team, who were deemed to be eligible for this position remained a much-debated issue both before and after the world cup 2019. In the present paper, Kaplan-Meir curves are used to make multiple comparisons for respective batting performances among the batsmen who have ever played in the middle order position. In this paper, frailty of these batsmen is studied through Bayesian analysis at the start of their innings and during the time-interval of transition to their best playing ability by considering respective run scores. Posterior summaries of innate player ability are obtained by deploying a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm which is then used to assess and compare the individual batting performances. Estimation of incomplete innings is handled via censoring strategies.


Second (GSM), third (UMTS), and fourth-generation (LTE) mobile telephony protocols are all in active use, giving rise to a number of interoperation situations. Although the standards address roaming by specifying switching and mapping of established security context, there is not a comprehensive specification of which are the possible interoperation cases. Nor is there comprehensive specification of the procedures to establish security context (authentication and short-term keys) in the various interoperation scenarios. This paper systematically enumerates the cases, classifying them as allowed, disallowed, or uncertain with rationale based on detailed analysis of the specifications. We identify the authentication and key agreement procedure for each of the possible cases. We formally model these scenarios and analyze their security, in the symbolic model, using the tool Prove if. We find two scenarios that inherit a known false base station attack. We find an attack on the CMC message of another scenario.


During the last few years, the federal role in urban transportation has been changing, and the new federal role is based upon two premises. First, the state and local governments and the private sector are closer to the problems and issues in urban transportation and, therefore, are in a better position to make local transportation decisions. Second, transportation decisions should be guided by the marketplace rather than governmental regulations and requirements. A number of steps have already been taken to bring about the shift in the federal role. These steps involved changes to policies, legislation, regulations and programs. This paper reviews the actions that have been taken and looks ahead to the dominant trends that are emerging for the coming decade.


Reconceiving and reorganizing collection development practices around the evolving processes and products of the scholarly communications cycle has become one of our profession's fundamental opportunities. However, our increasing use of market mechanisms and digital technologies to rationalize the production and distribution of scholarly information poses significant risk that business cycles and the obsolescence of hardware and software will lead to the inadvertent loss of significant portions of our intellectual heritage. This article introduces a theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between academic culture and digital technology as they relate to scholarly communication and library collection development, drawing chiefly on the work of the social theorists Daniel Bell, Manuel Castells, and Anthony Giddens. The article suggests that Castells's theory of the network society and Giddens's account of disembedding, expert systems and risk as hallmark features of modern society together point us toward a more candid recognition that the fragility of digital systems and the resulting possibility of significant cultural loss are intrinsic features of the new landscape of scholarly communications. Moreover, acknowledging this risk is an important dimension of successful reform of the scholarly publishing system.


T HE COST OF DOING retail business not only has become increasingly important within the last few years but has taken on added significance in fields not generally recognized as related to it. It may even be that the solution of vital marketing problems and the question of national economic policy will be determined by the effects of centralization or decentralization upon cost of doing retail business. A recent study of which the present writer is a co-author (based upon the cost data gathered in St. Louis in the 1930 census of retail distribution correlated with certain location data), substantiates this thought in that it shows that retail costs in relation to city structure are in a state of balance. It is true that this study found that the average operating-expense ratio for all retail business combined was lower at locations outside the central shopping district (27.0 per cent) than at locations within that district (29.9 per cent). 2 Also, the ratios were lower outside the central shopping district than in the central shopping district for most retail businesses considered by kind, and for most retail businesses considered individually. These statements, however, are too broad for general application. In the study already referred to, all of the retail business of one city was classified into 124 generally accepted lines of trade. Of these 124 lines, 70 were found to be located both in and out of the central shopping district, 53 were found to be located only outside of the central shopping district, and one 1 "Retail Operating Costs Within a Metropolitan Community." 2 These percentages include an imputed salary to proprietors in all instances where the proprietor was reported as working in his store. was found to be located only within the central shopping district. Of the 70 lines represented in both districts (a fairer basis upon which to compare the two location districts) 37 were found to have lower total operatingexpense ratios when located in the central shopping district. In other words, slightly more than half of the kinds of stores operate at a lower cost-ratio when located in the central shopping district than when located elsewhere in the city. These 37 lines of trade that find it cheaper to operate downtown may be said to be fairly representative of all retail business. All commodity groups, according to the census classification, were represented there, except the automotive group. In fact, it is rather striking, although to be expected, how closely the cost pattern, formed by these 37 retail lines, follows the location pattern, formed by these same kinds of business. Table 1 shows the per cent of sales done in the central shopping district of three cities by the different kinds of stores represented there, illustrating that the general merchandise, apparel, and furniture and household stores comprise the retail backbone of that district. These same kinds of stores also have a larger representation in the lower costratio group than any of the other commodity groups (Table 2). The automotive group is the least important in the location picture in the central shopping district and is completely without representation in the lower cost-ratio picture. Food stores have a small place in the location picture in the central shopping district and have only minor representation in the lower cost-ratio picture. It is obvious, therefore, that the cost ratio has determined


Background: Little is known about the time of development and distribution pattern of venous thrombembolism (VTE) after radical prostatectomy (RPE) for malignancy. Patients and Methods: 415 consecutive patients undergoing standard RPE were prospectively assessed regarding the incidence and distribution pattern of VTE, the hemodynamic relevance of pelvic lymphoceles (LC) and other possible risk factors for VTE. All patients underwent RPE and received heparin prophylaxis until discharge, followed by acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg daily. On day -1, 8 and 21 complete compression ultrasound, measurement of pelvic vein flow and pelvic ultrasound were performed. Results: VTE was found in 17,3% of patients. Most thrombi were limited to calf muscle veins (55,5%). Isolated calf deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was found in 22,2% and proximal DVT in 12,5%. On day 8 and 21 the following incidences of VTE were found: calf muscle vein thrombosis 4.8 and 4.8%; isolated calf vein thrombosis 1.7% and 2.2%; proximal DVT 0.5% and 1.7%; pulmonary embolism 0.5% and 0.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed surgery time (OR 1.26), number of blood tranfusion (OR 1.73) and venous flow reduction (OR 2.83) as risk factors for the development of VTE. 33.3% of the patients developed a LC postoperatively; of these 5.3% showed a reduction of pelvic vein flow. A venous flow reduction was only seen with LC. Conclusion: The incidence and distribution pattern of VTE after RPE is comparable to major abdominal surgery for malignancy. The development of LC is a significant risk factor for VTE, when pelvic vein flow is impaired. Since the majority of proximal VTE developed between day 8 and day 21 when the patient is already discharged, the concept of a prolonged heparin prophylaxis after RPE should be evaluated prospectively.


Using carbonyl iron powder with particle size of 3~5 as raw material, the carbonyl iron powder was treated by ball milling process, and the flake modified wave absorbent was prepared. Its electromagnetic parameters were analyzed, and its absorbing performance was predicted by simulation.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and vector network analyzer (VNA) were used to characterize the micromorphology, phase and electromagnetic parameters of samples at each stage, and the effects of ball milling process on the absorption properties of carbonyl iron powder were studied.The results show that the morphology of carbonyl iron powder is lamellar, the crystallinity of the original carbonyl iron powder is weakened, and its coercivity is increased.The anisotropy of the flake carbonyl iron powder is enhanced, the surface contact between the iron powder particles is increased,the electromagnetic parameters of the sample are improved.The minimum reflectivity of carbonyl iron powder moves to low frequency by ball milling.After ball milling for 3h, the sample has the strongest absorption performance. The reflection loss of the 3mm thickness material is less than -10dB in the wide band range of 3.45-6.3GHz.


This thesis suggests ways on how to enhance handset radiation power under head phantom condition. Generally, peak EIRP(Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) is used to measure the radiation performance. TRP is more effective to represent indication of mobile radiation performance in the field than EIRP. In this case, we measure the TRP as an index of radiation power. The factors which effect TRP are antenna length, antenna position, folder angle and ground connection method. More detailed analysis is performed over these items. Significant item is ground connection method between main PCB and folder GND. Using the FPCB we connect main GND to folder GND through the hinge near the antenna. The result is that TRP attenuation is decreased about 5 dB under head phantom condition.


Network group collaborative learning mode respects humanism, collectivism and lifelong learning theory. In distance open education, group collaborative learning organized by use of computer networks, can better solve the difficulties of learners caused by the work study confliction and miscommunication channels, realize the effective guidance and support services to learners, effectively improve the basic course of economic mathematics learning quality.


Taking accounting earnings quality as the index of investor protection,the paper uses unbalance panel date research method,the effect of institutional ownership to investor protection is tested with the data of companies listed in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2003-2005.The result shows that,no matter from the persistence of transitory loss components in earnings or accrual quality,institutional ownership reduces the accounting earnings quality and does not protect the interest of minority investors.The result also shows the ownership concentration may reduce the accounting accrual quality.The findings are very important to understand economic consequences of developing institutional investor and the institutional conditions of its taking effect,and also offer a useful perspective for investor protection study.


Recent work in a variety of fields, including literary criticism, linguistics, cognitive psychology, and computer science, has been rife with theories of narrative, in particular narrative structure. The goal of this article is to evaluate, by exploring data on anaphora in narratives, two specific models of narrative structure, Story Grammar and Conceptual Dependency, whose underlying assumptions are shared by a wide range of theorists and to comment in general on re-visioning narrative theory.


The medium and small-sized enterprises accounted for over 90% of all enterprises in China.The employees in medium and small-sized enterprises accounted for 81.88% of all employees,and 65% of workers exposed to occupational hazard factors engaged in medium and small-sized enterprises.However,the medium and small-sized enterprises are often short of law consciousness,pay more attention to economic benefit and ignore occupational disease prevention,which the investment in occupational health protection is insufficient.Due to lower cultural level,lack of law consciousness and poor self protection awareness of workers in medium and small-sized enterprises,the occupational harm are mainly found in medium and small-sized enterprises.The coverage rate of occupational health service is only 20% in China,and the services are mainly allocated in large industrial enterprises,the medium and small-sized enterprises are difficult to get the basic occupational health service.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of occupational health,fulfil the responsibility of enterprises,increase the coverage rate of occupational health service,enhance the occupational health promotion,improve the occupational health consciousness of employees,and ensure the occupational safety of labors,to achieve the strategic target of 〝everybody enjoys the occupational health services by 2014〞.


In order to improve the lifetime and reliability of equipment operation stage, it is necessary to carry out maintenance for components. The typical selective maintenance model does not consider the maintenance quality uncertainty and the failure effects, which may make the decision-maker overestimates the reliability of completing the next task after system maintenance, resulting in incorrect maintenance decision and prone to serious consequences of failure. In this paper, the potential discrepancy between the target maintenance quality and the actual maintenance quality of the decision maker is considered. At the same time, a multi-state FMECA is proposed to measure the failure effects under different states. Finally, the selective maintenance model of the multi-state series systems is established and solved by the genetic algorithm. The results show that considering the effect of component failure and the uncertainty of maintenance quality has an influence on maintenance decision. The maintenance decision made in this way is more consistent with the engineering practice.


The Institute of Sustainable Education at Daugavpils University, Latvia, will organise the 'Sustainable Development, Culture, Education,' 7th international conference of the JTEFS/BBCC (Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability/Baltic & Black Sea Circle Consortium) and UNESCO Network on Reorientation of Teacher Education towards Sustainability, at the University's Faculty of Education and Management, 5–8 May 2009. The conference will be hosted by 11 universities: Daugavpils University (Latvia), Tallin University (Estonia), University of Vechta (Germany), University of Helsinki (Finland), University of Joensuu (Finland), University of Debrecen (Hungary), Anadolu University (Turkey), Rhodes University (South Africa), York University (Canada), Vilnius University (Lithuania) and Siauliai University (Lithuania). The objective of the conference is to promote discussion and research within such topics as educational research for sustainable development, reorientation of teacher education towards sustainability, organisation of the learning environment, development of research skills, and other issues referring to the interrelationships between sustainable development, culture and education. The sub-theme of the 2009 conference is 'Research and Implementation of Education for Sustainable Development', the main emphasis being on the synergy between the research on education for sustainable development (ESD), implementation of ESD, and enrichment of research methodology and methods to be used in the current context of ESD. Sections proposed for the conference include:


Mobility and channel modeling is a very crucial task for the simulation of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) scenarios. In this paper we present a new mobility modeling approach for OMNeT++ and the INET-Framework. The approach allows generation and deletion of nodes during simulation time and reduces the number of events significantly. To demonstrate and test the functionality of the new modeling concept we designed a simple, yet effective mobility model called Manhattan Grid Mobility Model (MGMM), which can be coupled with a new channel modeling approach, incorporating obstacles such as buildings for the reception power calculation. In our paper we describe both, the general concept of our idea, the realization using the MGMM and the Dual-Slope channel model, and give an overview on related work.