In reliability testing,the temperature cycle chamber is one of the most common pieces of equipment needed to assess semiconductor devices reliability.Temperature cycling involves subjecting the semiconductor devices to an environment test to hot and cold temperature cyclic transition.In a temperature cycling stress which were needed to run for a longer period (higher number of cycles request),ice induced in the cold zone and this icing have been a long lasting unsettled issue.In Reliabi lity Product Test lab (RPT) of Infineon Technologies Melaka there are total of 16 dual zone air-to-air temperature-cycling chambers.There are various values of temperatures requested to run,where cycles start from 80°C to 175°C (in the hot zone) and from -35°C to -65°C (in the cold zone).Icing in cold zone has been one of the main reasons for various problems occurred which not only
effecting the chamber itself but also effects the whole temperature cycling stress test.Some of the problems are such as cradle basket jammed,spindle shaft bend,blower fan motor propeller damage,cradle motor damage,pneumatic cylinder jammed or spoil etc.Icing also cause the cooling to be slow which directly will cause the cycling process to be slow and this will affect the overall temperature cycling stress cycle time.There are multiple studies and physical trials have been conducted to solve this icing issue for quit sometime.The icing only can be eliminated if the wet molecules are removed from the chamber.As suggested by some chamber manufacturers,compressed dry air is the first choice but it is not effective for longer running processes.In this research,the trials using dry air also conducted.Finally after gone through some trials,go through online articles and discussion
with the chamber manufacturers,a better solution was justified.That is by purging N2 gas into temperature cycl ing chambers.Like compressed dry air,N2 also will remove the wet molecules but it will be faster and will be suitable for longer running processes.The N2 gas will be purged into both hot and cold zone in an optimum volume. In this research,the optimum volume was identified.Result from the research will be shared to the management of Infineon Technologies RPT Lab for improvement actions implementation.


In the education curriculum, computer education curriculum in the elementary and secondary schools is composited into the contents for the use of computers so that there are some limitations in teaching students the abilities for solving various problems of several areas using computers. Recently, the research has done to change the computer education curriculum for enhancing creativity and problem solving ability required by the future education. The contents of the main subject for enhancing them is of computer programming, however, there was not enough research on systematic programming education curriculum for leading to motivating learners and enhanced knowledge transfer to those learners. In this paper, we analysis the contents mathematics education curriculum with consecutive contents and in tight connection with computer education and then extract its programming related elements. Based on those, we propose a programming education curriculum with which we can teach systematically computer programing according to continual and systematic guidance in the elementary and secondary schools. And we develop a teaching model and learning guidance for teaching students programming methods with the computer programming education curriculum proposed in this paper.


Fresh cabbage purchased from a local grocery store was cut into disks measuring 90 mm in diam. Disks were dipped in chemical mixtures (see tables) and allowed to air dry on a sheet of organdy cloth to allow drainage. The disks were then placed in 90 mm Pyrex petri dishes; two disks per plate in Test I and one disk per plate in Test II. Five healthy, newly-molted secondinstar CL larvae were tested in each plate. Each plate was checked for larval mortality at approximately six h, 18 h and at 24 h intervals thereafter for seven d. Mortality was determined by prodding the larvae with a blunt probe and dead larvae were removed.


Purpose: We analyzed the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation and limbal autograft or allograft simultaneously for recurrent pterygium or pseudopterygium. Methods: Total 15 cases of recurrent pterygium and 4 cases of pseudopterygium were surgically managed during September 1998 to June 2002. After excision of pterygium and subconjunctival fibrovascular inflammatory tissue in nasal area to 6-12 o'clock and up to equator of the eyeball, amniotic membrane was grafted on bare sclera and then limbal tissue was transplanted. Recurrence and complications of surgical management were evaluated for 8 months of mean follow-up period. Results: Recurrence was not noted in 15 of 19 eyes, the other 4 eyes were recurred limited in the sclera. Mean epithelial regeneration period was 18 days, and diplopia and extraocular muscle limitation were disappeared after surgery. Conclusions: In spite of difficulties of surgical technique and long operation time, amniotic membrane transplatation with limbal graft in recurrent pterygium or pseudopterytium has low recurrence rate and aesthetic benefit. We suggest that amniotic membrane transplantation with limbal graft and will be useful and safe surgical method for pterygium with high recurrence rate.


A novel case has recently arisen involving the liability of a foreign government to indemnify an American corporation (a missionary board) for the death of its employees by mob violence. The case grew out of the assault in 1905 of a mob of native Chinese upon the American Protestant Mission Station at Lienchou, province of Quantung, China, resulting in the death of four missionaries and one child.


Abstract A theoretical assumption of the integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model positions perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) as moderators on the entrapment-suicidal ideation/intention relationship. The present study analyzed the expected combined effects of PB × TB on the relationship between entrapment and suicidal ideation/intention. Data were collected using an online questionnaire (N = 644) selected by sex, age, and education level. The PB × TB × Entrapment interaction was statistically significant, according to a moderating effect. A high degree of frustration of interpersonal needs enhances the entrapment-suicidal ideation/intention relationship.


The paper seeks to examine the importance of safety and disaster preparedness for strategic global infrastructure communication satellite systems using a design approach based on space qualified components with: system level fault protection, integrated redundant on-board data handling systems, identified and potential satellite single point of failures, in-orbit satellite spares for risk mitigation, ground station design considerations including provisioning of cold and hot redundancy units and subsystem equipment to preclude ground station failures. (4 pages)


A process for producing oxygen-containing compounds containing at least one oxygen atom bonded to two distinct carbon atoms which are not bonded together and not comprising a multiple bond comprises a step a) for hydroformylation of a feed comprising at least one olefin containing four to seven carbon atoms to at least one aldehyde, in the presence of a catalyst and a synthesis gas under hydroformylation conditions, a step b) for hydrogenation of this aldehyde to at least one corresponding alcohol, and a step c) for transforming at least one alcohol obtained from step b) in the presence of a catalyst under conditions for producing a mixture containing at least one ether or at least one acetal.


To the myth of Moses , Hegel made different interpretations with the philosophy of Christian. The thought of Christian is a kind of extrinsic introspection. The fact that the world atone to God has no evidence of history. Hegel's thought is a logic way and is a kind of intrinsic introspection with the unity of logical and historical. Hegel can constructed such enormous philosophical system because two basic thinking frameworks : intrinsic introspection and unity of logical and historical.


The aim of the article is to present the history and specifi city of the Independent Self-governing Labour Union "Solidarity" activities in a small Polish town – Miastko, in the years 1980–1981. Interactions between the "S" members and the Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP) activists can be observed on the example of Władysław Stojak, the chairman of the Interagency Coordination Committee "Solidarity" in Miastko between 1980 and 1981. This is due to the signifi cant number of PUWP members in Miastko at the time. Another aim of the article is to present the silhouette of Wladyslaw Stojak. Słowa kluczowe: "Solidarność", Miastko, Strzebielinek, Władysław Stojak


Objective: To evaluate the application value of hepatic fibrosis indices in the chronic liver disease with ROC curve analysis.Methods:Hepatic fibrosis indices in 145 patients with liver diseases were detected,and the diagnostic efficiency was evaluated with ROC curve.Results:The sensitivity and specificity of differential event index of HA,PCⅢ,LN and Ⅳ.C in acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis were 46%~56% and 72%~86%,AUC-ROC was 0.621-0.730;and that of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis were 50%~71% and 79%~91%,AUC-ROC was 0.633-0.874.The sensitivity of six federated models parallel test were 84.4%~97.2%,and the specificity were 55.6%~81.9%,and the negative likelihood ratio of four indices was 0.05;and the sensitivity and specificity of six federated models array test were 13.4%~45.5% and 97.7%~99.9%,and the positive likelihood ratio was 10.Conclusion: The parallel test of four indices can be the diagnostic test to differentiate the live cirrhosis,and the sixth federated models array test can be more useful indicators to judge liver cirrhosis.


Past leadership research has demonstrated that transformational leadership has a positive effect on employee task performance and helping coworker behavior. However, among the research on the mediating mechanisms linking transformational leadership and employee work outcomes, little has been done empirically to examine the mediating effect of employee positive moods. This study extends previous research by examining the mediating role played by employee positive moods. Data were collected longitudinally from 282 employees and their immediate supervisors in 10 insurance companies in Taiwan. Results showed that transformational leadership both directly influenced employee task performance and helping coworker behavior and had an indirect effect through employee positive moods.


The invention relates to a hydraulic vehicle brake system (1) with an electromechanical brake booster (15). The invention proposes to form at least one wheel brake (5) with a locking device (21) and to actuate the brake booster (15) to a locking operation and to determine the wheel brake (5) in the actuated state.


Objective: To study the sleep quality and influence factors of thoracotomy patients with lung cancer in ICU.Methods: PSQI(Pittsburgh sleep quality index) and a sleep influence factors questionnaire designed by self were used to investigate 152 patients.Results: The unfamiliar environment,discomfort and pain were the most important factors affecting the quality of sleep.Conclusion: We should pay attention to the sleep quality of lung cancer patients after thoracotomy in ICU,and give forward-looking nursing intervention to ensure patients sleep quality and recovery.


American history has often witnessed a "Pendulum Effect" in consideration of the nation's own past. That is, attitudes swing from one interpretive pole to the opposite, in this case for interpretations of the Plymouth Pilgrims, the Mayflower, and "the first Thanksgiving." The articles in this special issue try to avoid those extremes, but while still treating fairly and with sharp moral scruples, the events of four centuries ago and their contemporary legacies.


Expressions for the rates of equilibration of the translational energies in multicomponent gas mixtures of structureless molecules are derived in terms of characteristic relaxation times. The approach to equilibrium is found to be completely dominated by an exponential decay factor for molecules interacting with inverse power potentials; the decay should be essentially exponential for more realistic potential functions. The calculations of rotational relaxation times are presented for several rigid molecular models: rough and partially rough spheres, spherocylinders, and loaded spheres. The relaxation times obtained are in good agreement with those observed experimentally and with those predicted by previous theories. It is found that, in general, on the order of 10 collisions are required to reduce an initial temperature difference by a factor of 1/e for translational‐rotational equilibration.


Abstract During the Second World War, British military geologists assisted planning for the Allied liberation of Normandy by generating specialist maps – supporting the greatest amphibious operation in world history. Maps of the landing beaches at a scale of 1:5000 indicated natural hazards to cross-beach vehicle mobility. Maps of northwest Europe at 1:1000 000 showed the varying suitability of ground for airfield construction, and larger scale maps guided the site selection and rapid construction of numerous temporary airfields. Hydrogeological maps were prepared as tracing overlays for topographical maps to guide enhancement of potable water supplies from new wells and boreholes – at a scale of 1:50 000 for coastal areas from the Cherbourg peninsula eastwards to Calais, and at 1:250 000 for most of northern France east into the Low Countries. A few 'soil' maps guided emplacement of depots for stores and vehicles, and at least two resource maps were prepared – to guide quarrying of material for road construction and sand for engineering work in general. Pioneering British military geological work on Normandy was extended for western coastal areas by large-scale American maps which included geological features for exit routes from the Omaha and Utah beaches. Bordering the eastern coast, at least two Canadian maps at 1:100 000 related geology to 'going' (cross-country trafficability). Printed in small numbers and great secrecy, few copies of any of these maps appear to have survived the war. The most extensive collection known is preserved in the Lapworth Museum of Geology, University of Birmingham. This is part of a unique personal archive, generated by Major F. W. Shotton when serving as Staff Officer (Geology) of the invasion force. It provides the basis for appraisal of broader specialist cartographic achievements contributing to Allied victory in Europe.


The authors of the present article consider anomie as a natural manifestation of the process of social evolution, especially macroevolution. Macroevolution implies a qualitative transformation of some social institutions with their system of social control into other social institutions with a different set of norms and sanctions. During the process of social macroevolution, the following scenarios are systematically observed: the old systems of social regulation cease to function effectively, and the effective functioning of the new systems of social regulation does not yet begin. All this gives rise to the phenomenon of social anomie in all its variety of manifestations. The interpretations of anomie inspired by Durkheim and Merton still dominate the research literature. However, society is changing, so the theories created a century ago can hardly embrace all the nuances of the new social reality, such as the nonlinear behavior of a social system or the acceleration of social processes. We seek to understand how the anomie theory should be updated in order it could reflect the transformations of society and changes in social actors. So we introduce the concept of reflexive anomie. This concept helps us better understand seemingly unwarranted, high-profile crimes like the cases of Anders Breivik in Norway or Stephen Paddock in the USA. We compare and contrast two of the possible approaches to explaining these cases of asocial behavior: from the perspective of narcis-sistic personality disorder and reflexive anomie. The comparison of the


At some undefined time in the fairly recent past central and western Madagascar witnessed a conceptual 'revolution' which had far-reaching political consequences. The religious beliefs and symbols which constituted the main ingredients of this 'revolution'--and probably also the people who propagated them--were in some way connected with the Zafindraminia-Antanosy and the Anteimoro of the southeastern and eastern coast. It is quite clear that these and similar groups had been strongly influenced by Islam and that they practiced what could perhaps be described as a corrupt or diluted Islam or a syncretic 'pagan' Muslim religion. (It is significant that as their name indicates the Zafindraminia claim descent from Raminia who they hold to have been the mother of Muhammad.) One of the main ingredients of this religion was the cult of the ody or guardian amulets, objects usually made of wood which are strikingly reminiscent of the so-called "charms" or "gris-gris" sold by Muslim clerics over much of Africa. Another ingredient is represented by the institution of ombiasy. The ombiasy (the main manufacturers of ody) whom the Frenchman Etienne de Flacourt at Fort-Dauphin in the seventeenth century took to be Muslim clerics were originally the "priests" (or the "devins guérisseurs," according to Hubert Deschamps) of the Anteimoro and the Zafindraminia-Antanosy. Subsequently this institution was disseminated throughout nearly the whole of Madagascar. Yet another ingredient was the system of divination known as sikidy, which also spread to other parts of Madagascar, including Imerina and the Sakalava country. These beliefs, symbols, and institutions deeply influenced the people of the west coast (the present-day Sakalava country) and of central Madagascar (Imerina and Betsileo country).


The effective therapy of limited stage-small cell lung cancer( LS-SCLC) is combined chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy(TRT). Early thoracic irradiation is better than later one. Start of any treatment and end of radiotherapy less than 30 days is associated with improved survival in LS-SCLC patients. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy results in longer survival time than sequential and alternating chemoradiotherapy. There are no clear answers on optimal irradiation dose. Hyperfractinated irradiation may have therapeutic benefit compared with conventional irradiation.

Key words:
Carcinoma, small cell lung;  Neoplasm staging;  Radiotherapy


Sepia photograph mounted to card of group of people in the Prahran Library, showing a lantern slide projector, unusual ceiling fans, bookselves lining the walls and a door way to the Art Gallery in the town hall


Ancient Genomes
The domestication of horses was very important in the history of humankind. However, the ancestry of modern horses and the location and timing of their emergence remain unclear. Gaunitz et al. generated 42 ancient-horse genomes. Their source samples included the Botai archaeological


By using elasto-plastic finite element method(FEM) based on the technique of shear strength reduction(SSR),stability of slope reinforced with piles against sliding and the behavior of stabilizing piles in slope are numerically analyzed. The criterion of iteration non-convergence conventionally used for assessing the instability state of slopes is combined with that of the uncontrolled displacement at a certain characteristic node on the slope surface to evaluate the limit-equilibrium state of pile-soil-slope system,and its validity is demonstrated through comparative studies for typical example. Furthermore,a typical case slope reinforced with piles is investigated through numerical analyses. The results show that the potential slip surface determined by SSR-FEM is shallower than that by limit equilibrium method and limit analysis method for a slope reinforced with piles.


In a method for adjusting the pressure exerted by a parking brake clamping force is required, in addition produced by an electromechanical brake device, and a hydraulic brake device, the hydraulic pressure is determined and assigned a Druckreferenzweg the pressure, which is compared with an actuator travel.


Beginning with the fact that the songs of the former soviet Union have kept popular in China for more than half a centuary, the author analyses its reason in the thesis. First, cultural understanding on the basis of different national sufferings; secondly, value inclination under the same social system; thirdly, aesthetic harmony in the mental structure of the same affection. Hence, a solid cultural affection of the former Soviet Union was born in the bottom of our Chinese people.


This paper proposes a method for numerical simulation and performance prediction. Firstly, hypermesh software is used to divide the internal fluid domain of the cooling water pump into an unstructured mesh. Then, the WQL cooling water pump is numerically simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics method. Finally, the distribution of performance parameters such as pump head, pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy are obtained. According to the calculation results, the pump's performance is analysed and predicted, and the predicted head, efficiency, and power change trends align with the general laws of its performance characteristics. It shows that using CFD for fluid mechanical design can significantly reduce the cost of experiments and shorten the cycle of experiments. It has a specific reference value for engineers and technicians engaged in fluid machinery design.


Objective : To analyze the correlation between hypertension with the clinico-radiological profile and severity of OA knee. Method: In this cohort study, total 120 cases of osteoarthritis knee patients of either sex or age > 40 years were enrolled. The entire study was conducted in department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Georges Medical University. Cases were selected as per the diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. A detailed history was taken and thorough examination of the affected joints and related regions was done. For the clinical severity, VAS and Lequesne Index was used. To assess the radiological severity of the disease, K.L grading was used and X-ray bilateral knee was done to see the radiological changes of the disease. Blood pressure was measured in both the arms via auscultatory method following American Heart Association guidelines.The Blood Pressure was measured thrice in both the arms and the average was calculated. If the average was more than 140/90 mm Hg in any side; then the subject was labeled as hypertensive. Result : The correlation of hypertension with the clinical and radiological severity of OA knee was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion : The significant correlation of hypertension with osteoarthritis will not only bridge the information gap, but will also modify our approach towards the management of hypertension, heart diseases and osteoarthritis. We may be able to find out the new possible risk factors of these diseases hence it should be further investigated.


A microorganism fertilizer particles, comprising uniformly mixing the following components: a probiotic spores within culture solution, more than one yuan aqueous alcohol, a biodegradable filling material, a biodegradable polymer and a nutrient. Microbial fertilizer granules can significantly increase the shelf life of microbial fertilizer, and to maintain the survival of probiotics, and then give full play to the effectiveness of microbial agents.


There exists a detailed body of international humanitarian law on the protection of tangible cultural heritage in armed conflict. Indeed, enthusiasm for the task and overlapping institutional mandates have led to a measure of over-proliferation. That said, the applicable rules are reducible to some relatively straightforward propositions, while the mandates and jurisdictions of the interested international bodies are mutually supportive. The chapter outlines these rules and the means for their enforcement, along with these institutions.


The aim of the study was to examine the ability to simultaneously assess left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion by using a single injection of technetium-99m Sestamibi at rest and during submaximal exercise to identify high-risk patients with left main, proximal left anterior descending (LAD), or three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) after an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Multiple studies have evaluated the separate value of the exercise ECG, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, and radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA) for identifying patients with severe CAD. The availability of technetium-99m (Tc99m)-labeled myocardial imaging agents offers the opportunity to evaluate simultaneously ventricular function and myocardial perfusion during a single exercise session. Only limited data are available about the value of this combined technique in the workout of patients early after an uncomplicated AMI. Combined first-pass RNA and myocardial perfusion tomoscintigraphy (SPECT) at rest and during submaximal exercise were performed in 52 patients, less than six weeks after an uncomplicated AMI, with use of Tc99m Sestamibi. Patients were classified in two subgroups according to the presence of left main, proximal LAD, or three-vessel CAD. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of severe CAD. All patients underwent the exercise testing without any medical complica tion. On univariate analysis, the global left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), wall motion score, and myocardial perfusion score, both at rest and at submaximal exercise, were significantly associated with the presence of severe CAD. The response of LVEF to exercise, and the presence of exercise-induced wall motion or myocardial perfusion abnormalities, were not associated with the severity of CAD. On multivariant analysis only the wall motion score during exercise was an inde pendent predictor for the presence of severe CAD (P < 0.001, r=0.6). In analyzing patients with anterior AMI separately, LVEF at submaximal exercise was the most accurate predictive parameter. If a cutoff value of 40% was chosen, the LVEF at exercise had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 78% for the detection of severe CAD. In patients with inferior AMI, neither LVEF nor wall motion or myocardial perfusion scores were useful for differentiating the two subgroups. In these patients the presence of an additional perfusion defect during exercise in one of the anterior wall segments yielded a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 75% for the presence of severe CAD. In conclusion: simultaneous evaluation of LV function and myocardial perfusion at submaximal exercise, using a single injection of Tc99m-Sestamibi, is a safe and accurate technique for selecting patients with severe CAD after an uncomplicated AMI.


In this contribution, the union bounds of self-concate- nated convolutional codes (SECCCs) are derived for communica- tions over both Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and un- correlated Rayleigh fading channels. The truncated union bounds ofSECCCsareveryusefulforstudyingthecorrespondingbiterror ratio (BER) floors. Based on the truncated union bounds, various SECCCs can be designed for a desired BER floor without the need of time-consuming Monte-Carlo simulations. Index Terms—Code design, self-concatenated convolutional codes, union bound.


A new class of Boc-N-protected hybrid peptides derived from L-Ala and ε6-Caa (L-Ala = L-Alanine, Caa = C-linked carboamino acid derived from D-xylose) have been studied by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MS n spectra of protonated and alkali-cationized hybrid peptides produce characteristic fragmentation involving the peptide backbone, the tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group, and the side chain. The dipeptide positional isomers are differentiated by the collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the protonated and alkali-cationized peptides. The CID of [M + H]+ ion of Boc-NH-L-Ala-ε-Caa-OCH3 (1) shows a prominent [M + H – C4H8]+ ion, which is totally absent for its positional isomer Boc-NH-ε-Caa-L-Ala-OCH3 (6), which instead shows significant loss of t-butanol. The formation of the [M + Cat – C4H8]+ ion is totally absent and [M + Cat – Boc + H]+ is prominent in the CID of the [M + Cat]+ ion of Boc-NH-L-Ala-ε-Caa-OCH3 (1), whereas the former is highly abundant and the latter is of low abundance for its positional isomer Boc-NH-ε-Caa-L-Ala-OCH3 (6). It is observed that 'b' ions are abundant when oxazolone structures are formed through a five-membered cyclic transition state in tetra-, penta-, and hexapeptides and the cyclization process for larger 'b' ions led to an insignificant abundance. However, the significant 'b' ion is formed in ε,α-dipeptide, which may have a seven-membered substituted 2-oxoazepanium ion structure. The MS n spectra of [M + Cat – Boc + H]+ ions of these peptides are found to be significantly different to those of [M + H – Boc + H]+ ions. The CID spectra of [M + Cat – Boc + H]+ ions of peptide acids containing L-Ala at the C-terminus show an abundant N-terminal rearrangement ion, [b n + 17 + Cat]+, which is absent for the peptide acids containing ε-Caa at the C-terminus. Thus, the results of these hybrid peptides provide sequencing information, the structure of the cyclic intermediate involved in the formation of the rearrangement ion, and distinguish a pair of dipeptide positional isomers.


Background : Learning gross anatomy might be conducted using variety of methods to increase student knowledge such as through tutorials, lectures and laboratory session. These methods require a media to deliver the learning material. Software powerpoint has been used as a media to deliver gross anatomy material in Medical School of Jambi University on preparation session before laboratory session started. However, these preparation session since 2012/2013 academic year were no longer held. In the other hand, some teachers tried to modified Acland video of gross anatomy by dubbing its english language to bahasa in order to help students comprehend the material better. This study aimed to identify score differences students of pre-test and post-test among two students group. The first group was an experimental group where experiencing preparation session using Acland dubbing video. The other group  was control group where student experiencing preparation session using powerpoint. Methods : The design of this experimental study is control group pre-test and post-test. 83 medical students of Jambi University who registered the reproductive system modul were totally sampled and than devided into two groups. Experimental group is students who use dubbing video and the control group is students who use powerpoint. Short answer question were arranged as an intrumental test to measure students knowledge before (pre-test) and after (post-test) preparation session. Results : Pre-test score between those two groups is not differ significantly (p = 0.397). Post-test score between those two groups is also not differ significantly (p = 0.157). However, the gain score (an avarage spatial score between post-test dan pre-test) among those two groups is differ significantly (Gain: p = 0.005; N.Gain: p = 0.005). So where experimental group is higher than control group Conclusion : Post-test score between experimental group where students experiencing preparation session using Acland dubbing video is not differ significantly to control group where students experiencing preparation session using powerpoint. Since, the preparation session is not longer held, institutions may consider the use of Acland dubbing video to facilitate students constructing prior knowledge before the laboratory session started. Keywords : Gross Anatomy, Dubbing video, Powerpoint


The paper is based on the limit theory and former person's research on arithmetic for optimal combination forecasting of non-negative weights.The author provided a concise arithmetic for approximate optimal combination forecasting of non-negative weights,and given an example,the result is turn up trumps,validated the method's practicability and validity.


Objective: To investigate efficacy of diclofenac compared to placebo in relieving pain on removal of indwelling urethral catheters. Materials and methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial, double blind, comparing diclofenac with placebo in relieving pain on removal of indwelling urethral catheters. Adult male patients with indwelling catheters admitted in surgical ward of RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. The independent variables were diclofenac or placebo treatment, while the dependent variables were visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and the external variables were age, education level, and duration of indwelling urethral catheter. We gave patients diclofenac or placebo in capsules 2 hours before urethral catheter removal. Immediately after removal by assistant, the patient filled VAS form. We used Chi-square test, independent T-test, and bivariate analysis with SPSS program version 11.5, with p<0,05 was set as statistically significant level. Results: Thirty patients met inclusion criteria. Mean VAS score of both groups was 33,467 + 20,4577, diclofenac group was 31,567 + 20,0934, and placebo group was 35,367 + 21,3412. There was no statistically significant difference of VAS score between both groups (p=0,844). Conclusion: Efficacy of diclofenac and placebo in relieving pain when performing urethral catheter removal is not significantly different.


Objective To investigate the effect of RNA PolⅡ driven ALU transcripts on the apoptosis of human embryonic kidney 293(HEK293) cells as well as the role of IFN in this mechanism.Methods The HEK293 cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into six groups.The cells in ALU-293,pcDNA3.1-293,Poly I ∶ C-293 and HBs-293 groups were transiently transfected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-ALU,empty vector pcDNA3.1(-)(negative control),Poly I ∶ C(positive control),recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-HBs respectively,while those in IFNβ-293 group was added with 1.65 × 104 U IFNβ(positive control).However,the cells in blank control group were untreated.The cells in various groups 48 h after transfection were determined for proliferative activity by MTT method,for apoptosis by Cellular DNA Fragmentation ELISA and DNA Ladder,and for IFNβ mRNA level by real-time PCR.Results Transient transfection with recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-ALU inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of HEK293 cells,and up-regulated the mRNA level in the cells significantly.Conclusion PolⅡ driven ALU transcripts induced the apoptosis of HEK293 cells by activating interferon system.


Due to its high persistence in soil, oxyfluorfen has negative effects on environmental and human health. To reduce soil contamination and impacts on non-target organisms, biochar is introduced into soils to immobilize and sequestrate oxyfluorfen as a remediation practice. Three types of soils common in China were selected and biochar (rice hull, BCR) was added to investigate the desorption and bioavailability of oxyfluorfen after aging BCR for 0, 1, 3, and 6 months. Four chemical extraction methods were used to predict oxyfluorfen bioavailability. Results indicated that after addition of 0.5–2% unaged BCR, the desorption values of oxyfluorfen increased from 64–119 to 176–920 (μg/g)/(mg/L)n in the three soils compared with unamended soil. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) values of oxyfluorfen in earthworms decreased from 0.80–1.7 to 0.10–1.56 after BCR addition. However, the desorption values decreased from 170–868 to 144–701 (μg/g)/(mg/L)n after aging. The bioavailability of oxyfluorfen in earthworms also increased after the aging treatments, while the BCF was still lower than with unaged BCR. The reduced BCF indicated lower exposure risk of oxyfluorfen to earthworms after amendment with biochar, even after aging 6 months. The bioavailability after extraction by Tenax showed a high linear correlation with uptake in earthworms, even after the 6-month aging treatment (R2 > 0.80). Consequently, BCR could be a practical method to remediate contaminated soil and the 6h Tenax method could be a sensitive and feasible tool to assess the bioavailability of oxyfluorfen in soil.


A truly novel strategy for fabricating reducible supramolecular assemblies based on the host–guest interaction between cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and methyl viologen (MV) is reported. The anticancer drug doxorubicin is loaded into the assemblies and a reducing agent Na2S2O4 can be used to successfully trigger release of drugs because of the redox chemistry of MV.


This paper attempts to identify patterns of female work participation in more than 578 thousand villages of India using the data mining approach. The analysis is based on an index of participation that has been developed for the purpose and takes into the consideration both the extent and the intensity of participation in productive activities. The analysis reveals that Indian villages can be grouped into 10 clusters with different level of female participation and with distinct village characteristics and there are distinct regional patterns. An interesting finding of the analysis is that participation of females in productive activities at the village level is relatively lower in villages higher level of female education as compared to villages with lower levels of female education. It appears that appropriate opportunities of participation for educate females are not available in the villages of India. Creating these opportunities at the village level is necessary not only for the transformation of village economy but also for women's empowerment.


The sandy land information was obtained by TM images from Landsat-5 and the dynamic variation of sandy land was analyzed by method of visual interpretation combined with field investigation in Poyang Lake region. The results shown that there was 217.6 km2 sandy land in Poyang Lake region in 1999, which is 142.9 km2 smaller than that in 1991. The main sources of sand and silt was analyzed, and then the detailed measures to control and to utilize the sandy land and to protect the ecologic environment were put forward.


I n 1936 DE LANGE and WOLTRING' described two boys, brothers, with multiple osseous dystrophies, hepatosplenomegalia and mental deficiency under the heading of typus E, this letter being the initial of their family name. Later on the younger of the brothers proved to be not actually backward, but severely handicapped by his deafness and by a troublesome character. The habitus of these boys bore a striking resemblance to gargoylism, but the sella turcica was not enlarged and the clouding of the cornea and the dorsolumbar kyphosis were lacking. So the writers were not sure of their cases being genuine gargoylism and chose the non-committal name of typus E. ELLIS, SHELDON and CAPON' in their interesting article lay particular stress upon the symptom of the corneal opacity, and


The macromolecule properties determined by the pair density-density correlation function are considered. This function is calculated in the framework of mean field Lifshitz's theory. Using the correlation function, the hydrodynamic radius of a macromolecule is found in the Kirkwood approximation. The value of fluctuations in the macromolecule radius of gyration is calculated in the region of the globule-to-coil transition, which is connected with a sharp change in the fluctuational regime. The existence of a maximum of fluctuations in the transition region is shown


The present invention discloses a transmission, comprising a multifunction quill. The quill is provided for loading the bearings and limit the release of the brake the brake release movement of the piston.


Cleveland — With 20 years' experience in working with
composite tissue allograft transplants, Maria Siemionow, M.D.,
Ph.D., tells Dermatology Times she has laid the groundwork for what
likely will be the world's first human face transplant.


An urban storm and surface water pollution model (MIKE FLOOD) was used to assess the impact of rain gardens on water quantity and quality for an urban area in Xi'an. After the rain garden measures were added, the results show that: (1) In the case where the total proportion of rain gardens was 2%, the overflow reduction rate was 6.74% to 65.23%, the number of overflow points reduction rate was 1.79% to 65.63%, the overload pipes reduction rate was 0% to 11.15%, the runoff reduction rate was 1.93% to 9.69%; (2) Under different rainfall conditions, the load reduction rate of suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were 2.36% to 30.35%, 2.37% to 30.11%, 2.34% to 30.08%, and 2.32% to 31.35%, respectively; (3) The submersion ranges of different submerged depths and submerged durations were reduced by 0.30% to 64.18% and 7.12% to 100%, respectively. The statistics of the automatic modeling and intelligent analysis system (AMIAS) showed that the rain garden regulation range of the waterlogging risk area was 0.78% to 100%. The rain garden has a good control effect on urban storm runoff in terms of water volume and water quality, but as the rainfall recurrence interval increases, the control effect will decrease.


Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by an isolated platelet count of less than 100,000/μL caused by destruction and reduced production of platelets. Systemic steroid therapy is a mainstay of first-line treatment; however, additional treatment lines are usually necessary due to the very high recurrence rate after therapy completion and steroid resistance. Standard treatment options for steroid resistance or steroid dependence include splenectomy, rituximab or thrombopoietin receptor agonists. The article presents current data on the diagnosics and therapy of ITP, considering the limited access to some forms of treatment in Poland


The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a roasted cocoa nip. The present invention also relates to a process for producing cocoa liquor and cocoa powder from the roasted cocoa nip.


We are designing an integrated wireless Vectorcardiogram (iVCG) that is of diagnostic quality, extremely small form factor, and is placed on the chest of the patient. In this paper, we consider the problem of transforming the three VCG component signals to the familiar 12-lead ECG for the convenience of cardiologists. We used an adaptive signal processing technique to obtain an ECG signal from the VCG measurements. The least mean-square (LMS) adaptive algorithm is employed to obtain the optimum 12×3 transformation matrix by minimizing the overall mean-square-error between the reference ECG (that is present during VCG configuration) signal and the ECG signal derived from the VCG. With this capability, the iVCG may become a truly transformative wireless medical device enabling continuous cardiac diagnosis.


Derivative analysis of spectral data was used as a technique to study the variation of optically active constituents (OACs) of water, using field data and hyperspectral imagery of EO-1 Hyperion orbital sensor. The Hyperion image used in this study was acquired on June 23, 2005, at the end of the high water period for the Amazon River. A field campaign was carried out between June 23 and 29, 2005 to collect spectral and limnological in situ data. The image was pre-processed to remove stripes of abnormal pixels and converted from radiance to surface reflectance values, thus, correcting the effects of atmospheric absorption and scattering. A correlation analysis was carried out to examine the association of the spectral reflectance and its first derivative to the concentrations of OACs. Better results were obtained after spectra differentiation, which helped to reduce the influence of undesirable effects, coming from different sources of radiance, on the measurements of water surface reflectance taken at both data acquisition levels. Through empirical regression fits, considering the Hyperion dataset, the first spectral derivative at 711 nm explained 86% of the variation of suspended inorganic sediment concentration (µg.l-1), and the first derivative at 691 nm explained 73% of the variation of chlorophyll-a concentration (µg.l-1). The regression relations were nonlinear because, generally, the water masses that mix in the Amazon floodplain become optically complex. The hyperspectral derivative analysis demonstrated potential for mapping the composition of these waters.


Abstract : Social media will play a key role in many areas of intelligence operations with the development of knowledge extraction analytics. The data contained within these social networking services present many challenges, but the value obtained from detecting subtle and hidden information exchanges and environmental observations are vast. The analytics that will drive social media knowledge exploitation include advanced text processing technologies allowing multi-faceted concept or frame-based queries within a familiar search engine interface for users who are not expert analysts or who may be operating with limited intelligence resources in disadvantaged information collection situations. In this paper, we demonstrate constructing frame-based semantic search queries using models of concepts and roles extracted from social media content. This approach to searching allows intuitive query formulations requiring less up-front knowledge of the search parameters. We demonstrate this semantic search capability by querying over seven million tweets captured during the Arab Spring uprisings.


Although the vaccination has begun in many countries around the world, experts declare that there is a long way to go in coronavirus battle, and it will take a long time for the vaccine to have a significant effect.  Therefore many questions have arisen about "the necessity to keep taking health protocols" and "how long does it take for people to return to normal activities and reduce or even abandon health protocols after receiving the Covid-19 vaccine". According to CDC (Centers for Disease Control and prevention) reports, significant immunity is expected to occur approximately 2 weeks after receiving the second dose of the vaccine, however getting the vaccine does not mean the end of public health and preventive measures, and all full vaccinated people need to keep taking all health protocols and precautions for the reasons discussed in this letter to editor.


Uric acid enhances the oxygen affinity of some crustacean haemocyanins and can account for some of the potentiating effects due to unidentified factors in the haemolymph of the freshwater crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes. A similar effect can be elicited by an analogous purine, caffeine, which demonstrates a low specificity of haemocyanin for urate. This suggests that other haemolymph purines might produce a cumulative effect on haemocyanin oxygen affinity.


Helping to achieve the good life for its citizens and strengthening the ability of local governments in metropolitan areas to control their destinies are some of the major potentialities of the urban transportation planning process. Transportation planning can also be viewed as an end in itself. The process can ignore the "spillover" effects of highway development on other values, needs, and aspirations of those most vulnerable to government development actions. Highway officials can interpret responsibility too narrowly, regarding it as someone else's problem or strengthening of our general local governments. If that happens, the nation's great highway programs will come under greater scrutiny and criticism at the federal, state, and especially the local levels of government. The continuing transportation planning process is well underway. Comprehensive metropolitan and local planning is receiving support at all levels of government. This paper describes how a number of transportation planning efforts are strengthening the comprehensive planning process and how methodological tools are being developed that make it easier to prepare alternative transportation plans and to insure full consideration of a proper balance of attention between highways and other public transportation systems.


The ab-plane thermal conductivity /spl kappa//sub ab/(T), thermal diffusivity /spl alpha//sub ab/(T) and thermoelectric power S/sub ab/(T) were measured for the highly-oriented Ag-doped superconducting materials Sm/sub 1+2x/Ba/sub 2+x/Cu/sub 3+x/O/sub 7+5x/ (X = 0.1 /spl sim/ 0.4) prepared by a melt process. The absolute value of /spl kappa//sub ab/ and its characteristic enhancement below T/sub c/ were suppressed with increasing content X of the Sm/sub 2/BaCuO/sub 5/ (Sm211) secondary phase, while they were enhanced with increasing content of doped-Ag. The application of the magnetic field up to 10 T clarified that the phonon scattering by vortices was most enhanced with the applied field perpendicular to the ab-plane. The trapped magnetic field also seriously suppressed the /spl kappa//sub ab/(T) enhancement.


Summary The literature clearly shows that the freezing point of milk varies within relatively narrow limits. Some of the variations that do occur have been attributed to seasonal effects, feed, water intake, time of day (i.e., morning versus evening milk), breed of cow, and method of handling samples. In handling milk samples, it has been reported that storing them at low temperatures, or freezing them, may raise the freezing point. Some analysts claim that heat treatment affects the freezing point slightly, whereas other workers have not observed any change. Vacuum treatment of milk has been reported to raise the freezing point slightly. Some of the apparent differences in freezing points reported by different workers may be due to differences in analytical techniques. Comparison of the freezing points reported by different analysts for identical samples reveals a need for more careful standardization of the method. It is believed that more attention should be given to the calibration of the thermal sensing element. It has been suggested that salt solutions or saturated aqueous solutions of stable compounds should be used as calibration standards instead of sucrose solutions. The necessity of standardizing the manner in which the thermometer is tapped has been emphasized. The ease and speed of determining freezing points with the recently designed cryoscopes, employing thermistors as thermal sensing elements, should increase the use of cryoscopes for routine analysis. The reported results show that the freezing point of milk is a useful index for detecting added water. However, the decision to classify a sample as watered must be based upon careful consideration of all of the available evidence. One should not rely on the conclusions of others without examining their data. The published evidence indicates that the present official standard in this country should be reexamined. It has been suggested that the adoption of a minimum freezing point standard might overcome the limitations of using an assumed average as a standard.


We correlate the gravity aspects (descriptors), namely the strike angles, derived from a recent gravity field model, with the known oil, gas and groundwater deposits/reservoirs and hypothetical paleolakes with the locations of archaeological sites. This allows us to extrapolate the investigation, by analogy, to unknown regions. The gravity aspects, derived from the EIGEN 6C4 gravity field model, are used, together with EMAG 2 magnetic anomalies and ETOPO 1 topography model, for the investigation of oil, gas and water deposits in Egypt. One of the gravity aspects, s/c strike angle, is significantly combed (oriented in one direction locally) in places where the known deposits exist. However, they are combed also in some other places. This may be used as a guide as to where to seek new and promising deposits. Accounting for the combed strike angles and the relationship between gravity anomalies and height differences, we reconstructed potential paleolakes under thick sand layers in the Great Sand Sea, Western Egypt (our previous work), and between Kharga and Toshka, Southern Egypt (this work), consistent with the known archaeological sites.


In this paper, we introduce and study some new classes of invex sets and
 preinvex functions with respect to an arbitrary function k and the
 bifunction ?(.,.); which are called the generalized preinvex functions.
 These functions are nonconvex functions and include the preinvex function,
 convex functions and k-convex as special cases. We study some properties of
 generalized preinvex functions. It is shown that the minimum of generalized
 preinvex functions on the generalized invex sets can be characterized by a
 class of variational inequalities, which is called the directional
 variational-like inequalities. Using the auxiliary technique, several new
 inertial type methods for solving the directional variational-like
 inequalities are proposed and analyzed . Convergence analysis of the
 proposed methods is considered under suitable conditions. Some open problems
 are also suggested for future research.


In the present study isolation of pathogenic organisms were carried out. Among which multidrug resistant organisms such as shigellosis caused Shigella flexneri, nosocomial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Morphological and biochemical characterization was performed. Eleven antibiotics were used to inhibit isolates for sensitivity. Pathogen were tested against selected antibiotics. Shigella caused resistivity to penicillin and other four drugs of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa effected resistivity to ten other drugs. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against different concentration of amikacin was studied. Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus also revealed resistance to higher concentration of amikacin exhibiting four μg/ml. MAR index analysis patterns of Shigella flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentration of amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus revealed resistant to antibiotics. To study the plasmid profile of the multidrug resistant isolates. *Soma Prabha A., Prabakaran V. Research Scholar, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-21, Tamilnadu, India. Assistant Professor, P.G. Department of Zoology, Government Arts College, Melur, Madurai, Tamilnadu,


Such a bibliography as the following can at best be b.ut an inadequate survey of the material available to the teacher of geography or to the student of geography in ateachers college. The field is so vast and the amount of published work so great that only the barest indication of what there is can be given. One title is inserted where half a dcJzen others of equal value might well have been included. Prac. . .


This study explores the extent to which the difficulty levels of grammar items in an English test can be predicted by the complexity of grammatical structures. The researchers carried out two sets of analyses. In the first analysis, the item facility and item discrimination indices of 175 multiple-choice items were examined. In the second analysis, the researchers asked a group of experienced English instructors to rate the difficulty level of 116 English grammatical features. The results from both analyses were compared with the developmental stages of grammar acquisition of Pienemann's Processability Theory (1998). The results revealed that some English grammar features were more difficult, and others less difficult, for ESL learners than the English instructors thought or believed. Moreover, the difficulty levels of grammatical structures derived from this study was not perfectly in accord with the developmental progression order proposed by Pienemann (1998). This result may suggest that Processability Theory might not adequately take account of the wide variety of grammatical structures in the standardized testing context. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be beneficial, not only to item writers and test developers, but also to English instructors, course syllabus designers, and developers of teaching materials.


Scientific labours, devoted the problem of forming of actor trade and creative reincarnation of vocalist in the process of creation of a stage appearance, are analysed in the article. Factors, influencing on success of embodiment of a stage appearance of part-song a student-vocalist, are certain an author.


A concept of first choice for the synthesis of the title compounds had been proposed by Dane in the late 1930s. It was soon turned down, because the opening move–a chirogenic Diels-Alder reaction – did not work. With Lewis acids as mediators, however, a successful start has been achieved now. With Ti complexes of chelating ligands (Seebach's TADDOLs (= α,α,α′,α′-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanols)), enantioselective formation of the desired adducts does occur. Efficient total syntheses of 2 and 3a have been accomplished.


Constraints of local duality on single hadron electroproduction processes are studied. In particular; formulated in the form of finite mass sum rules, local duality proves to impose strong constraints on the behaviour of current-Reggeon-resonance vertices. An explicit model of local duality is used for analysing the single hadron inclusive electroproduction processes.


Asymmetric gears have such opportunities as higher load-capacity, smaller volume and noise, and so on. This article gets the bending stress analytics of the part of asymmetric spur gears based on the normal section analytics; obtain 3-D automatic model generating and automatic meshing program by ANSYS8.0; calculate examples of asymmetric gears, FEA of them and validate the analytics.


For adult female genital inflammation, hot and humid vaginal discharge, genital itching and skin itching embolism Jinsong lotion. Characterized medicine lotion of the present invention is made of a material of the following weight contents: Senecio 200-100g, Eucalyptus leaves 200-100g, Dictamni 200-100g, skullcap 70-30g, honeysuckle 70-30g, soil Poria 150-50g, pine needles 300-100g, Cnidium 150-100g, licorice 70-30g, distilled water, ethanol, amount of drug solution prepared 1000ml. The advantage is the use of non-toxic pharmaceutically main raw materials, in addition to having a role in normal skin cleansing shower gel, but also the prevention of skin eczema, male and female sexually transmitted diseases and can be used with sterilizing bath, prevention of skin diseases STDs new topical health drugs.


. We construct integrable PT-symmetric nonlocal reductions for an integrable hierarchy associated with the special orthogonal Lie algebra so(3 , R ). The resulting typical nonlocal integrable equations are integrable PT-symmetric nonlocal reverse-space, reverse-time and reverse-spacetime non-linear Schr¨odinger equations associated with so(3 , R ).


This paper presents a cross-disciplinary model, integrating the major findings of the past 40 years, to develop a more comprehensive view of the etiology and development of schizophrenia. A Literature Review is presented to expand on research covering each of the variables of the model, including genetic, neurological, and environmental. The model presented is a conceptual model intended to depict the relationship of various variables that place individuals at risk or protect them from developing schizophrenia. The model utilizes the concept of a feedback loop, which articulates the need to conceptualize the development of the disorder as being in a continuous state of interaction with all relevant variables. Consistent with this continuous interaction, this model assumes schizophrenia develops through multiple pathways. This is critical to an understanding of a disorder like schizophrenia that does not always have a pure genetic, neurological, or environmental source of causation. This model is intended as a conceptual tool to develop testable hypotheses for the purpose of developing potentially valuable solutions, such as early intervention programs.


Some of the high Tc iron pnictides contain magnetic rare-earth elements, raising the question of how the existence and tunability of a d-electron antiferromagnetic order influences the heavy fermion behavior of the f-moments. With CeOFeP and CeOFeAs in mind as prototypes, we derive an extended Anderson lattice model appropriate for these quaternary systems. We show that the Kondo screening of the f-moments are efficiently suppressed by the d-electron ordering. We also argue that, inside the d-electron ordered state (as in CeOFeAs), the f-moments provide a rare realization of a quantum frustrated magnet with competing J1-J2-J3 interactions in an effective square lattice. Implications for the heavy fermion physics in broader contexts are also discussed.


Packaging is provided for a toy that includes a body having bottom wall having a slot. The packaging includes bottom, top, front, back and side walls defining a box sized to receive the toy and a key. The bottom surface of the box has an opening aligned with the toy's slot so that the key may be passed through the bottom box opening into the toy's body slot. The key includes a shaft, a head at one end of the shaft, and a base at another end of the shaft. The head is sized to fit through the box opening and body slot and shaped so that the key head will remain in the toy body when the key head is rotated in the body. The base of the key is sized to prevent passage of the base through the box opening. If the toy includes a wheel operated display, the box bottom may be provided with a slot which allows access to the wheel so that the display may be operated without removing the toy from the box.


Abstract A novel method for the determination of trace amounts of lead(II), based on the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) technique, has been developed. In neutral solution, in the presence of TX‐100, lead(II) can react with 1‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol (PAN) to form a chelating complex, resulting in a significant enhancement of RRS intensity. The characteristics of the RRS spectrum of the chelating complex, the influencing factors, and the optimum conditions of the reaction have been investigated. The calibration graph showed a good linearity over a concentration range of 3.0×10−5∼1.2×10−4 µg/mL with a detection limit for lead(II) of 2.5×10−5 µg/mL. The method exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity and has been successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of lead(II) in tap water.


With the wide application of the smart card technology in public transit
system, traveller's daily travel behaviours can be possibly obtained. This
study devotes to investigating the pattern of individual mobility patterns and
its relationship with social-demographics. We first extract travel features
from the raw smart card data, including spatial, temporal and travel mode
features, which capture the travel variability of travellers. Then, travel
features are fed to various supervised machine learning models to predict
individual's demographic attributes, such as age group, gender, income level
and car ownership. Finally, a case study based on London's Oyster Card
data is presented and results show it is a promising opportunity for
demographic study based on people's mobility behaviour.


Kim, Sun-Young. 2010. Perception-Behavior Differences on Good Teaching and Learning: Korean EFL College Students. Linguistic Research 27(1), 165-188. This study examined the perceptions on good teaching and learning held by Korean EFL college students in the four pedagogical areas (i.e., teaching, learning, class dynamics, and educational system) and investigated to what extent survey responses reflected students' perceptions and their behaviors by analyzing the perception-behavior differences. The self-reported survey was constructed in the way it distinguished students' responses on the perceptions and their literacy behaviors. The results showed that Korean students, as opposed to commonly-held conceptions of Asian learners (Cortazzi & Jin, 1996, 2002; Hammond & Gao, 2002), possessed fairly well developed perceptions about English learning, suggesting that the perceptions on good teaching and learning shared common ground across different cultural groups. Specifically, good teaching and learning reported by Korean students were 'learner-centered,' 'communicative approach,' 'interactive classroom dynamics,' and 'cooperative learning.' However, Korean students described their literacy behaviors as 'less interactive and social' and 'passive recipient of knowledge.' The significant and positive differences between the perceptions and behaviors demonstrated that although Korean students held perceptions not different from their Western counterparts, their literacy behaviors were often constrained by the traditional classroom. This study argues that narrowing the perception-behavior gap should be taken as an essential part of teaching practices in the Korean EFL college contexts. (Mokpo National University)


There is growing concern that I/O systems will be hard pressed to satisfy the requirements of future leadership-class machines. Even current machines are found to be I/O bound for some applications. In this paper, we identify existing performance bottlenecks in data movement for I/O on the IBM Blue Gene/P (BG/P) supercomputer currently deployed at several leadership computing facilities. We improve the I/O performance by exploiting the network topology of BG/P for collective I/O, leveraging data semantics of applications and incorporating asynchronous data staging. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approaches for synthetic benchmark experiments and for application-level benchmarks at scale on leadership computing systems.


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This article examines the underlying assumptions, imagery, and ideology of the discourse on emergency management that emerged among politicians, the media, and political appointees following Hurricane Katrina. The purpose is to investigate the extent to which they constituted an effective framework for thinking through, talking about, evaluating, and engaging with emergencies. It is our intent to systematically reveal the underlying assumptions, goals, values, and beliefs embedded in this particular discourse with a view toward understanding how this discourse delimited and shaped our understanding and expectations of emergency management by government agencies.


A geometric construction of an exact algebraic formula for graded partition functions, of which a special one is the classical unrestricted partition function p(n), from a diophantine point of view is presented. Moreover, the involved process allows us to compute the value of a graded partition function in an inductive manner with a geometrically built-in self-error-checking ability at each step for correctness of the computed values of the partition function under consideration.


We examined the relationships between multiple life roles, psychological well-being, and managerial skills in two studies of managerial women. Qualitative results suggested that the roles women pla...


In the first part of this article I describe a variety of cases that I have been involved with that led to my becoming an expert witness. These cases range from questions about children's memory for being raped, to remembering an ear-witnessed murder, to preventing future false memories. In the second part of this article I reflect on some of the remarkable feats of remembering that complainants exhibit in court, ones that contradict much of what the scientific study of memory has shown to be true. Along the way I argue that until this scientific knowledge becomes part of a "culture of memory" familiar to triers of fact (judges, jurors), police, and laypeople, memory experts will continue to be an inexorable part of the legal process when memory serves as the main or only evidence.


Renal metabolism is essential for kidney functions and energy homeostasis in the body. The TCA cycle is the hub of metabolism, but the metabolic activities of the cycle in the kidney have rarely been investigated. This study is to assess metabolic processes at the level of the TCA cycle in the kidney based on isotopomer distributions in multiple metabolites. Isolated rat kidneys were perfused with media containing common substrates including lactate and alanine for an hour. One group of kidneys received [U‐13C3]lactate instead of natural abundance lactate while the other group received [U‐13C3]alanine instead of natural abundance alanine. Perfused kidneys and effluent were prepared for analysis using NMR spectroscopy. 13C‐labeling patterns in glutamate, fumarate, aspartate and succinate from the kidney extracts showed that pyruvate carboxylase and oxidative metabolism through the TCA cycle were comparably very active, but pyruvate cycling and pyruvate dehydrogenase were relatively less active. Isotopomer analyses with fumarate and malate from effluent, however, indicated that pyruvate carboxylase was much more active than the TCA cycle and other metabolic processes. The reverse equilibrium of oxaloacetate with four‐carbon intermediates of the cycle was nearly complete (92%), based on the ratio of [2,3,4‐13C3]/[1,2,3‐13C3] in aspartate or malate. 13C enrichment in glucose with 13C‐lactate supply was higher than that with 13C‐alanine. Isotopomer analyses with multiple metabolites (i.e., glutamate, fumarate, aspartate, succinate and malate) allowed us to assess relative metabolic processes in the TCA cycle in the kidney supplied with [U‐13C3]lactate. Data from the analytes were generally consistent, indicating highly active pyruvate carboxylase and oxidative metabolism through the TCA cycle. Different 13C‐labeling patterns in analytes from the kidney extracts versus effluent suggested metabolic compartmentalization.


Areca nut chewing habit is common in adult age group worldwide. However, reports of such cases in children are rare. This paper aims to present two cases of areca chewing in preschoolers and its oral manifestations. This case report describes two cases of areca nut chewing habit in 5 and 6 years old girls and its oral manifestations along with the literature review. Myth: "Areca Nut chewing can cure iron deficiency anemia." Educating the society about the myths prevalent in society about its usage is very important. Areca nut chewing should be included as a differential diagnosis of staining of teeth in specific geographical distributions.


This thesis addresses the three principal questions concerning the development of CT urography for investigating haematuria and each question is the subject of a separate chapter. The questions are:

What is the reasoning behind using CT urography?
What is the optimum diagnostic strategy using CT urography?
What are the problems with using CT urography and how may solutions be provided?

Haematuria can signify serious disease such as urinary tract stones, renal cell cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and bladder cancer (BCa).
CT urography is defined as contrast enhanced CT examination of kidneys, ureters and bladder. The technique used here includes unenhanced, nephrographic and excretory-phases for optimized diagnosis of stones, renal masses and urothelial cancer respectively.
The reasoning behind using excretory-phase CT urography for investigating haematuria is based on results showing its high diagnostic accuracy for UTUC and BCa.
Patients with haematuria are classified as low risk or high risk for UTUC and BCa, by a risk score, determined by the presence / absence of risk factors: age > 50 years, visible or nonvisible haematuria, history of smoking and occupational exposure.
The optimum diagnostic strategy for patients at high risk for urothelial cancer, uses CT urography as a replacement test for ultrasonography and intravenous urography and as a triage test for flexible and rigid cystoscopy, resulting in earlier diagnosis and potentially improving prognosis. For patients at low risk, ultrasonography, unenhanced and nephrographic-phase CT urography are proposed as initial imaging tests.
Problems with using CT urography include false positive results for UTUC, which are eliminated by retrograde ureteropyelography-guided biopsy, an innovative technique, for histopathological confirmation of diagnosis.
Recommendations for the NHS and possible future developments are discussed.
CT urography, including excretory-phase imaging, is recommended as the initial diagnostic imaging test before cystoscopy for patients with haematuria at high risk for urothelial cancer.


Pu I formation in Gaotaizi oilfield mainly developed delta distributary channels. The sand body is narrow and has a complex superimposition in vertical, which caused the sand body hard to forecast. To solve this problem the method of seismic sedimentology was applied to building high frequency stratigraphic framework and extracting high-precision stratal slice. The technique of 90-degree phasing conversion and multi-attribute comprehensive analysis to the channel sand was also performed. At last Pu I formation in Gaotaizi Oilfield is divided into fifteen fifth-order sequences. The attributes of Rms amplitude and Arc length are considered as the best attribute to reflect the characteristics of the channel sand in study area. By a multiple linear regression to the attributes, the prediction accuracy between wells is improved from 61% to 78%.


Background: Extensive left ventricular (LV) dilatation after myocardial infarction is associated with increased heart failure risk. Aims: To investigate whether the power to demonstrate the relation between LV dilatation and heart failure depends on the method applied to predict LV dilatation after myocardial infarction. Methods: A random-effects model and ANOVA model for repeated measurements (MANOVA) were applied to predict LV volume index during 1 year for 298 post-myocardial infarction patients. Spearman correlation coefficients (r) were calculated and Cox regression analysis was used to calculate risk ratio's (RR). Results: LV volume indices were more accurately predicted by a random-effects model than by a MANOVA model (systolic/diastolic respectively r=0.93/0.91 versus r=0.67/0.64). Furthermore, patients with high LV volume index as predicted by the random-effects model, had significantly increased heart failure risk (systolic RR 2.04 (95% CI: 1.31 to 3.17; p=0.001), diastolic RR 1.80 (95% CI: 1.16 to 2.78; p=0.007). Using the same data, MANOVA failed to demonstrate this relation significantly (systolic RR 1.77 (95% CI: 0.79 to 3.98; p=0.16), diastolic RR 1.49 (95% CI: 0.68 to 3.30; p=0.31). Conclusions: When analysing repeated measurement data, random-effect models are often more powerful in detecting clinical relations than are MANOVA models, especially in the presence of missing values.


This edition of JAMS features reviews of five eclectic but important books that may represent must-reads for marketing academics, practitioners, and graduate students. The section begins with reviews of two books that address questions of the social responsibility of business. First is Jay M. Handleman's review of the Handbook of Marketing and Society edited by Paul N. Bloom and Gregory T. Gundlach. This is an important collection of articles for those interested in interplay between marketing and society. Articles by top scholars in the field clearly show how marketing can affect various aspects of consumer welfare. Next is Edwin R. Stafford and Cathy L. Hartman's review of NGOs Engaging With Business: A World of Difference and a Difference to the World, written by Simon Heap. This book shows how nongovernment organizations (NGOs) are collaborating with the global business community to address social and environmental problems through environmentally sustainable practices and ethical codes of conduct. Marketing has long adopted and adapted theories and methods originating in other disciplines. Alf H. Walle III's book, Rethinking Marketing: Qualitative Strategies and Exotic Visions, is a new addition to this tradition. It is reviewed by June Cotte. Both the author and the reviewer stress that while new methods and insights can be gained from the humanities, simple appropriation of the methods without true mastery is dangerous. The last two books reviewed in this volume come from two marketing titans—Philip Kotler and Shelby D. Hunt. As A. Coskun Samli notes in his review of Kotler on Marketing: How to Create, Win and Dominate Markets, Philip Kotler needs no introduction to either marketing practitioners or marketing academics. Kotler on Marketing is much more than an abbreviated version of Marketing Management. It opens up new horizons in teaching and practicing marketing. Robert A. Peterson and Ashutosh Prasad took on the task of reviewing Shelby D. Hunt's A General Theory of Competition: Resources, Competences, Productivity, Economic Growth. In this book, Hunt synthesizes extant theories of competition to formulate what he terms the resource-advantage theory of competition. I hope you enjoy reading these insightful reviews and the books they cover. While many of the books reviewed in this section in the past have been written by American authors, we hope to have books written by authors from other countries included in this section soon. Thus, I encourage you to submit suggestions for books to be included in the future in this section. I also invite you to contact me if you are interested in reviewing a text in your particular area of expertise.


Duality cascades are a series of duality transformations in field theories, which can be realized as the Hanany–Witten transitions in brane configurations on a circle. In the setup of the Aharony–Bergman–Jafferis–Maldacena theory and its generalizations, from the physical requirement that duality cascades always end and the final destination depends only on the initial brane configuration, we propose that the fundamental domain of supersymmetric brane configurations in duality cascades can tile the whole parameter space of relative ranks by translations, hence is a parallelotope. We provide our arguments for the proposal.


Text clustering is an important task of text mining. The purpose of text clustering is grouping similar text documents together efficiently to meet human interests in information searching and understanding. The procedure of clustering should involve a cognitive process of text understanding or comprehension.This paper introduces an innovative research effort, CogHTC, a hierarchical text clustering algorithm, inspired by cognitive situation models. CogHTC extracts representative features from four elaborately selected cognitive situation dimensions with consideration of the clustering efficiency.The experimental results testified good performance of CogHTC, and revealed that the clustering results of CogHTC are class or domain sensitive, and CogHTC performed better on Cross-Class Clustering than Inner- Class Clustering.


Error estimation is a crucial part of any classification problem and it becomes problematic with small samples. In this paper, we analyze the performance of some widely used error estimation methods relative to the complexity of the feature-label distribution: resubstitution, 10-fold cross validation with repetition (CV10r), leave-one-out (LOO), bootstrap .632, and bolstered resubstitution. Our definition of complexity takes into account both the complexity of the Bayes decision surface and the Bayes error. We define the complexity of distribution for a class of Gaussian mixture models. In this class, the Bayes classifier is a piecewise linear classifier and its complexity is included in our definition. Based on the defined measure of complexity, we perform experiments for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional problems and apply different error estimation methods for distributions of different complexities. The Bias and root-mean-squared (RMS) error of the error estimators are used to analyze their performances. The simulation results show that all the estimation methods lose accuracy as the complexity increases and this performance loss is quantified as a function of distribution complexity.


Emerging and booming in the rural parts of South Jiangsu and Southeast Zhejiang, private economy has been the main driving force for China's market development. Private sector pushes forward China's institutional transition and stimulates the growth of industrial clusters on the regional level. It facilitates the process of industrialization and urbanization. The growth and development of private economy has always been based on an innovation of integrating industrial and corporation structures, product composition, and market structures in order to see them well matched with each other. This paper explores the development of the private economy and how it stimulates China's institutional transition with its mechanism of privatization, from a perspective of historical evolution over more than two decades. The author interprets the development of private economy into four stages in accordance with its historical evolution. The first stage is the description of the initial development phase of private economy over 1978-1992: "Wenzhou Model" and "South Jiangsu Model", with pure private ownerships for private sector development in the form of family firms in the villages, as well as with (non-state owned) township and village enterprises (TVEs). The second stage is the description of the rapid development stage over 1993-1997, specific markets and industrial division/collaborations. The third stage is the promotional stage of private sector development over 1998-2003: positive replacement of enterprises. During this period, non-public economic development has stepped into a new charming season of development in the whole nation. Some private enterprises are growing into larger sized ones. They are relatively strong in market competition. This finally leads to the improvement of the structure and industrial organization for the private sector. The fourth stage is the comprehensive innovation phase from 2003 up to now, the universal extension and implementation of privatization mechanism. In general, facing the economic integration in the globalization era, private enterprises themselves are continuously seeking to increase techniques and management innovations, to build entrepreneurship and business culture, to improve management efficiency and elevate their core competitiveness in the domestic market as well as the international market.


Multiscale simulations using the quasicontinuum (QC) method with the embedded-atom method (EAM) potential are performed to investigate the process of nanocontact including sliding and subsequent withdrawal between Ni tip and Au substrate. The multiscale model reveals that deformation twinning in Au substrate is induced not only by the sheer stress but also by the adhesive stress. Combining with the generalized planar fault energy (GPF) curve of Au, the underlying formation mechanism of deformation twinning is studied in detail. During the withdrawal process, the dislocation degeneration and the vacancy evolution are observed.


Both isometric exercise and cold stress have been suggested as alternatives to dynamic exercise for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease. A non-imaging nuclear probe was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction and relative left ventricular volumes continuously during both of these stress tests in 24 normal subjects. There was a significant fall in left ventricular ejection fraction within 15 seconds of subjects starting a two minute isometric hand grip test at 50% maximal voluntary contraction, with a mean (SE) maximal fall of 10% (1 8) after 90 seconds. During two minutes immersion of the hand and wrist in iced water left ventricular ejection fraction fell significantly within 30 seconds with a mean maximal fall of 7% (1 -7) after one minute. Nine subjects underwent repeat tests under identical conditions approximately two weeks later. The standard error of the change in ejection fraction on two occasions was 5 4% at


Southwest Indiana has large deposits of wind-blown loess. Similar deposits are found in other states, including Illinois, Kentucky, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Nebraska. These soils consist of uniform silt with a plasticity index ranging from 0 to 10. This material is suitable for road construction if it is compacted dry of optimum. However, the material is difficult to work after it becomes wet, which commonly results in construction delays. Indiana also has large stockpiles of Class C fly ash from coal-burning power plants. The ash has cementitious properties after hydration (because of the high calcium content) and can be mixed with native soil to produce a weakly cemented soil. Significant interest exists at the Indiana Department of Transportation about the possibility of using Class C fly ash to improve the engineering properties of Indiana loess soils. The results of a laboratory testing program on the properties of loess–fly ash mixtures are presented. Various percentages of fly ash were mixed with loess soil and specimens were permitted to cure for 3 h to 28 days. Pure loess also was tested for comparison. Changes in Atterberg limits, moisture-density relationships, swell potential, and unconfined compression strength are presented. Based on this testing program, a simple method was developed to determine the optimum fly ash content for construction of a workable loess roadbed to avoid delays in construction due to wet conditions. The data presented will be useful for evaluating the stabilization of loess soils with Class C fly ash in Indiana and other states with significant loess soil deposits.


students have suffered a fall of 3.8 marks while the 4-year students have experienced a gain of 2.8 marks, so that the overall difference between 3-year and 4-year students over this period is a net gain of 6.6 marks in favour of the 4-year students or rather more than half a degree classification! This difference is made up of a number of components. Firstly , if the overall second-year performance is compared with that in the written examinations in the final year then the 4-year students have a mark difference of 0.13 marks while the 3-year students have a difference of 7.51 marks . The negative sign implies a deterioration between the second and final year results but since the former contains components of laboratory and continuously-assessed work-both of which, traditionally, are higher than marks of written papers-then the negative sign is not unexpected and the benefit difference for the 4-year student is 7.38 mark s. Similarly, if one compares the second year overall performance with the final year project mark the 4-year student has increased his mark by 7.49 marks , while the 3-year student has an increase of only 1.85 marks . The reverse argument holds for these positive differences since project mark s are traditionally higher than written examination marks . The difference benefit to the 4-year student in this case is 5.64 marks . The above would lead us to conclude that students do benefit from doing an industrial training year during their sandwich course and the extent of this benefit is typically half a degree classification .


Coring in two adjacent holes at DSDP Site 585 (13.5°N, 156.8°E) recovered lower Tertiary through Aptian sedimentary rocks. The paleolatitudes of each hole from the late Aptian through Paleocene were derived from an extensive set of paleomagnetic minicores. Each sample underwent progressive thermal demagnetization, and the characteristic direction of magnetization was derived from the region of stable directions. True mean inclinations were computed for each lithologic unit and for each stage or pair of stages, using the method of Kono (1980b). The results yield average paleolatitudes of 1°S for the Paleocene-Maestrichtian, 7°S for the Santonian-Turonian, and 15°S for the Albian-late Aptian. The Aptian-Albian paleolatitudes agree with paleomagnetic results from DSDP Sites 462 and 289 in the western central Pacific. The average rate of northward drift by the site was about 30 km/m.y. through the Late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary. The Maestrichtian paleolatitude agrees with a Pacific paleomagnetic pole computed by Gordon (1982) from North Pacific data, but the site is about 12° farther north than predicted by Campanian and Cenomanian North Pacific poles (Gordon, 1983; Gordon and Cox, 1980). Recovery of the latest Cretaceous-early Tertiary sediments was inadequate to allow unique determination of the magnetostratigraphy. No reversed interval could be identified within the late Aptian or early Albian.


Two 1900 t capacity, cylindrical steel bins were sealed to a high standard of gastightness (pressure decay from 1500 Pa to 750 Pa in greater than 220 sec. when full). After being filled with wheat, both bins were purged with an 80% carbon dioxide-20% air mixture. A mean CO2 content of more than 75% (v/v) was achieved using 1.91 t CO2 in bin 1 and 2.13 t CO2 in bin 2. Immediately after purging the atmosphere in bin 2 (but not bin 1) was recirculated from the base to the apex through an external duct using a small fan. The CO2 concentrations in this bin remained above 40% for 14 days, and those at the base and apex differed by less than 5% CO2 during recirculation. The CO2 concentration at the apex of bin 1 fell rapidly and was less than 20% 2 days after purging, while the CO2 level at the base was above 60%. Fourteen days after purging, the recirculation apparatus was transferred to bin 1, reducing the existing concentration differential of 40% CO2 to 4% in 4 days. The gas interchange rate between the bin under recirculation and the external atmosphere averaged from 2.4 to 4.0% day-1. The cost of the CO2 and its application was between 20-25 ct-1 of grain. A naturally occurring infestation of Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum in both bins was controlled by the CO2 treatment and the wheat was exported without need for further insecticidal treatment.


New routes for copolymerization of carbon monoxide with styrene or vinyl chloride were found by emulsion polymerization (nonionic or ionic emulsifier). These procedures yielded copolymers containing carbonyl groups even at high conversion. These carbonyl-containing polyketones were photoirradiated in solvent. In carbon monoxide—styrene copolymer of high molecular weight, the viscosity change produced by photoirradiation was especially remarkable, while in carbon monoxide—vinyl chloride copolymer no pronounced change in viscosity was observed, even at high contents of carbonyl group.


Acoustic impedance inversion (AI) and simultaneous angle-dependent inversion (SADI) of a 3D seismic data set characterize reservoirs of Mississippian Morrowan age in the triangle zone of the frontal Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma. Acoustic impedance of the near-angle seismic data images the 3D spatial distributions of Wapanucka limestone and Cromwell sandstone. Lame parameters×density ( λρ and μρ ) and λ∕μ sections are derived from the P-wave and S-wave impedance ( IP and IS ) sections produced by the SADI. Lithology is identified from the gamma logs and μρ . The VP ∕ VS , λρ , and λ∕μ are interpreted in terms of a hydrocarbon distribution pattern. The IP is used to identify high IP regions that are consistent with high sand/shale ratio. The estimated impedances and derived Lame parameter sections are consistent with the interpretation that parts of the Wapanucka limestone and Cromwell sandstone contain potential gas reservoirs in fault-bounded compartments. The Cromwell sandstone contains the main inferred...


AIM:To observe the clinical effect of combination therapy with ozagrel and low molecular weight heparin on progressive cerebral infarction.METHODS:96 cases with acute progressive cerebral infarction were randomly divided into treatment group(48 cases)and control group(48 cases).The control group was only administered with 80 mg sodium ozagrel,bid,for 14 days.And the treatment group was administered with 80 mg sodium ozagrel,bid,for 14 days and 0.4 mL low molecular weight heparin sodium injection,bid,for 14 days.The number of platelet,blood clotting routine and the severity of neuro-functional defect(NDS)of both groups were detected before and after 14 days treatmeat.RESULTS:After 14 days treatment,the NDS of treatment group was significantly lower than that of control group(P0.05).The efficacy of treatment group was significantly better than that of control group(P0.05).Both the number of platelet and the blood coagulation time were in normal range.CONCLUSION:Sodium ozagrel combined with low molecular weight heparin sodium are an effective and safe therapy for progressive cerebral infarction.


HPLC-MS/MS was used to determinate the distribution and removal rate of tetracyclines in A wastewater treatment plant in Jiangsu prorince.The result showed that the three tetracyclines were detected.In influent water,the concentration of tetracyclines were from 96 ng·L-1 to 336 ng·L-1,and in effluent water,only detect the tetracycline,whose concentration was about 130 ng·L-1.By the mass balance,in A wastewater treatment plant,the sludge adsorption remove about 28.8% of tetracycline,38.0% of oxytetracycline and 34.9% of chlortetracycline;the biological degradation remove about 32.5% of tetracycline,62.0% of oxytetracycline and 65.1% of chlortetracycline.


Social work is a discipline envisaged to work with people inculcating their values, culture and traditions to bring about the development of the target groups. Hence it is needed for the social work training to be in a manner where the professionals are groomed to appreciate and work with people of different culture. One of the biggest challenges for social work practitioners is to come to terms with the role of theory in the practice of their discipline - a discipline that is fast-paced, but increasingly focused on dealing with one client at a time, and often reduced to a dyad emphasis in practice: that of client and worker. The paper attempts to identify the importance of cultural competency in social work education system paving way to respect and understand the various cultures and be professionals to cater to the need of the hour.


Physical-mathematical model of the evolution of a liquid-drop aerosol cloud in the atmosphere during fire extinguishing with the help of aviation is presented. Some results of calculations of the motion, heating and evaporation of polydisperse water droplets during refrigerant medium discharge from the aircraft board are given.


Objective:To learn Pathogenic vibrio pollution condition in food pollutant in Wenzhou,the preliminary determination is possible to pollute Pathogenic vibrio high danger food,provides the scientific basis for the food poisoning monitor and provides the basis for food security risk appraised.Methods:A two-step selection and system identification methods for food samples is used to inspect Pathogenic vibrio.Results:The examination raw meat(cow,sheep,chicken,pig),the cooked meat product,the aquatic product altogether four kinds of samples 149,pick out Pathogenic vibrio 95 bacteria,picking out rate 55.7%;In four kinds of foods the Pathogenic vibrio Positive rate is the highest that is the aquatic product(74.1%),Followed by raw meat was 64.3%;The highest rate of sample contamination is in agricultural products markets.Conclusion:Food Pathogenic vibrio serious pollution in Wenzhou City,mainly Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination,it is recommended to strengthen food safety supervision and management.


The thin film transistor includes a semiconductor layer, a gate electrode, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and temperature adjusting member. The semiconductor layer is disposed on the base substrate, and having a source region, a drain region and a channel region. The gate electrode is disposed on the gate insulating film which covers the semiconductor layer, and overlaps the channel region. The source electrode and the drain electrode is disposed on the interlayer insulating film covering the gate electrode, and connected to the source region and the drain region. The temperature adjusting member adjusts the temperature of the channel region is heated to the channel region.


Simvastatin is an antihyper-lipidemic drug which inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, interrupting cholesterol synthesis. It is poorly water soluble drug having very low bioavailability (5%). It is having better absorption in upper gastro intestinal tract. Due to lower bioavailability and short biological half-life simvastatin is prescribed 2-3 times a day which leads to lower patient compliance. The aim of the present work was to prepare controlled release microspheres which and retained in the gastric area by adhering to the mucosal membrane for longer period of time. It was a also proposed to design and optimize the formulation and process parameters for preparation of gastroretentive simvastatin microspheres using spray drying technique. The major problem associated with oral drug delivery is ineffective absorption and low bioavailability because drugs having narrow absorption window. Simvastatin microspheres was prepared using polymer HPMC K4M as carrier polymer and Eudragit RSPO were prepared using spray drying technique. The in vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive property of simvastatin microspheres was done on goat intestinal mucosa which showed strong mucoadhesion of 85% up to 6 hours. The in vitro drug release studies of microspheres were performed in 0.01 M sodium phosphate containing 0.5% SLS using syringe pump for 8 h.