The invention relates to a method for transporting preforms (18) in the region of a blowing machine (14) for blow molding containers from a thermoplastic material along a as a roll sorter with two in particular opposite directions rotating conveyor rolls (28) formed sorting device (12), at least a is in the range of the sorting means (12) arranged sensor (20) by sensor detects at least one transported into its detection range preform (18) and generates a sensor signal, said sensor signal for processing to a control unit (26) is transmitted, the controller (26) the sensor signal evaluating and which generates at least one control signal in response, and wherein upstream in dependence on at least one of the control signals, a process parameter of the sorting device (12) and / or the sorting device (12) conveyor means (10) for feeding the preforms (18) to the sorting means (12) eing estellt wherein at least one of the sensors (20) detects a track area of the sorting device (12) by sensors and the sensor signal of this sensor (20) information about at least a distance of a pair of consecutive in the detection range of this sensor (20) transported preforms (18), and wherein the control signals for adjusting a process parameter of the conveyor (10) and / or the sorting device (12) are at least temporarily, depending on the detected distance information.


Double exposure interferometry is well known to determine mechanical parameters in de- formation analysis. Normally it is not possible to determine both, slope and curvature, in the same experiment. We propose a method to determine slope and curvature of object deformation recorded simultaneously on two holographic plates. Between the two exposures, one of the holo- graphic plates is moved along its surface, and the curvature of the deformed object is obtained. The slope and curvature of a clamped square plate on which a concentrated force is applied at the center is mesaured as an example to illustrate the capability of this method. By using computer generated hologram(CGH), it is easy to get the images of the deformed object. A incident monochromatic plane wave passes through a transparent grating and it is separated into several orders. Only the ±first-order diffraction waves are allowed to pass through the spatial filter, which are reflected by the surface of object. Then the reflected waves go through CGH and there are two images of the object behind the CGH. Putting two holographic plates in the positions of the two images and one grating between one holographic plate and CGH, the slope and curvature of the deformed object can be obtained.


Abstract To better understand mechanisms for gender equity in sport, the critical elements of capacity of Canadian national sport organisations (NSOs) to implement gender equity initiatives, and the relative strengths and challenges of those elements, were investigated. Environmental factors perceived to influence that capacity were also explored. The study was framed by Hall et al.'s (2003) multidimensional model of organisational capacity. Instrumental case studies were used to examine and compare the capacity of three NSOs engaged in addressing gender equity in their sport through their respective initiatives designed to increase the engagement of women in sport as athletes, coaches, and officials. Semi-structured interviews (n = 15) were conducted with board members and staff across the three NSOs. Several common capacity strengths (e.g., knowledgeable and experienced staff, dedicated funding) and challenges (e.g., limited staff, constraints in external communication) were identified. Capacity elements unique to each NSO were also uncovered. Environmental factors influencing the NSOs' capacity to implement their respective gender equity initiatives included the broad political climate, access to volunteers, and availability of additional funding sources . The findings address the call for further evidence of critical organisational practices for enacting gender equity, with a particular focus on NSOs, and framed by a multidimensional model of organisational capacity and environmental influences. The findings have implications for being aware of the capacity of NSOs to address government policy and directives for gender equity in sport, and for maintaining and building capacity to implement gender equity initiatives.


The North American Avalanche Danger Scale is a tool used by backcountry avalanche forecasters to communicate the potential for avalanches to cause harm or injury to backcountry travelers. Danger ratings are the most basic component of the public forecast, providing the foundation for more nuanced descriptions of avalanche conditions. In 2010, the United States, Canada, and New Zealand adopted a consistent, five-tiered danger scale. Although widely used, we do not know how consistently the danger scale is applied both within and between avalanche forecasting operations. To address this question, we developed ten scenarios capturing a variety of avalanche conditions at the mountain range scale. We derived the scenarios from real avalanche forecasts issued by various avalanche centers throughout North America. Avalanche forecasters in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand reviewed each scenario and assigned a single danger rating for the forecast period. Results indicate that although most respondents choose ratings within one step of each other, individual forecasters can arrive at different conclusions when presented with identical information. Additionally, it appears that there are regional and/or cultural differences in how forecasters assign danger ratings.


Since the late 1990s,the main cause of patient-hospital dispute has shifted from technical factors to social factors.The related literatures also began to grow fast.These literatures focus on the causes of patient-hospital dispute,conflict escalation and the resolution mechanism etc.They provide a solid empirical basis for the resolution and make a multidisciplinary study on this issue.On the other side,there are some aspects should be improved in the further research.Such as the studies on public management perspective are not enough,the function collaboration mechanism is unclear,conflict transformation is neglected,empirical investigations are not been used deeply,pattern research is not deep enough,etc.


. Hatchery-reared brown trout, Salmo trutta L., yearlings were captured shortly (3h to one week) after their release in a Norwegian stream. The feeding of recaptured hatchery fish was compared with that of wild brown trout. The investigations were carried out during three different periods (May, July and October). Investigations of drift fauna indicated that food availability was best in May. Most hatchery-reared brown trout started feeding shortly after their release in all three periods. Hatchery fish went through a learning process with respect to feeding. This was most clearly demonstrated by the amounts of plant fragments in their stomachs, which were always greater in hatchery fish than in wild fish but which decreased with time after release in hatchery fish stomachs in all three periods. By about a week after release, hatchery trout appeared to be feeding on wild prey nearly as well as did wild fish, but they achieved this better in May than in October.


We developed a matrix of changes between Section IV of the current and former editions of Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), focusing on biosafety levels two, three, and four (BSL2, BSL3, and BSL4). Citations containing multiple statements were subdivided into individually addressable statements and statements with similar/identical scope were aligned, allowing for a precise comparative analysis. In addition, statements were categorized for further analysis based on the subject of the change, the type of change, and the outcome of the change. Although the Fifth Edition of BMBL (BMBL5) proved to be a close facsimile of its predecessor, we identified 375 total changes, including 165 novel statements not addressed in the former edition. Over 65% (110) of these changes were found in statements pertaining to BSL4 containment. In our study, we further examine these edition differences and identify key areas where those entities responsible for compliance with these new recommendations may wish to focus their efforts.


Sampling methods areusually applied in the epidemiological study to save time and cost. This article presented the gain and efficacy of double sampling method applied in a study of blood lead levels of Taiwanese general population. The vacancy rate of residential household found in this study was 9.2%. The migration rate was 7.1%. The total non-response rate was 16.3%. The nonresponse rate varied among districts of residence and urbanization levels. In addition, there were 6.3% of sampled households refused to be visited. The accuracy of a random sample of 320 ques-tionnaries completed by telephone interview. The error was highest for the item of consumption of betel quit (17.8%), followed by the smoking status (7.8%). The error for other items were less than 5%. Representatives of the study population was evaluated by comparison with the demographic distribution of general population collected from governmental statistical publications. This study found that the distribution of gender, smoking status and ethnic group in study population was similar to those of general population. However, the study population was overrepresentative in elder age group and underrepresentative in commercial occupation and high education level. This study also found that substitution of sampled population by volunteers biased the distribution of gender and smoking statue, while household member substitution biased the distribution of gender.


Solutions of potassium chloride (pH-buffered and 1-molal) equilibrated at 350�C with pyrrhotite, pyrite, and magnetite contained approximately 1 millimole of reduced sulfur and less than 0.1 millimole of oxidized sulfur per kilogram. Similar solutions equilibrated with pyrite, magnetite, and hematite contained approximately 1 millimole of reduced sulfur, but 3 to 6 millimoles of oxidized sulfur per kilogram. Both types of solutions contained less than 0.1 millimole of iron per kilogram at pH ≥ 6 and approximately 100 millimoles per kilogram at pH 2.


T excitability of lumbar motoneurons in the cat is increased during fictive locomotion induced by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). This change in excitability has previously been demonstrated experimentally. During fictive locomotion (1) the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) is reduced 2 and (2) the voltage threshold for production of an action potential is lowered. The excitability of motoneurons is determined by intrinsic properties of the cells that are modulated by the premotoneuronal locomotor network. In this computer-simulation study we focus on the lowering of the voltage threshold for an action potential and the accompanying reduction of the AHP. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential ionic conductances responsible for the increase in motoneuron excitability during fictive locomotion.


We consider economic model predictive control (MPC) with average constraints and present a transient, non-averaged performance estimate for the closed-loop system. Furthermore, we propose a reformulation of the time-varying average constraints in the MPC optimization problem as an additional state variable and present convergence, boundedness and stability results for this extended system.


ABSTRACT Objective: Surgical management of critical ischemic heart disease in a patient with a pheochromocytoma poses a significant challenge for endocrinologists, surgeons, and anesthesiologists in terms of the sequence and optimal interval between operations for each condition. This case report exemplifies the practical problem of how to manage two major surgical procedures with their interrelated effects on outcome. Methods: We report on a patient with pheochromocytoma who presented with symptoms of severe multivessel coronary artery disease during medical preparation for pheochromocytoma surgery, requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Results: A 74-year-old woman was diagnosed with a symptomatic pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland. After 3 days of presurgical preparation with the alpha-adrenoceptor blocker phenoxybenzamine, she presented with symptoms of multivessel ischemic heart disease, for which CABG was required. A successful two-stage procedure was carried out, first performin...


In network science, the centrality, or importance, of a node in a network is of crucial importance, for instance to rank webpages or to measure the rate of the spread of news on a social network. Also of importance is measuring the communicability between two nodes in a network, which assesses how well the nodes can communicate between them. Two methods of calculating the centrality and communicability of nodes in a network, arising from the subgraph centrality approach utilizing walk of graphs are surveyed, with a focus on the more recently introduced of these two methods. A connection between the centrality and communicability scores produced by this scheme is presented. The question of how the centrality and communicability of nodes vary by the introduction of new links in the network is put forward. To answer this question, formulae that derive these centrality and communicability differences in terms of existing centralities of nodes within the network are presented.


The genus Pleurotus is most exploitable xylotrophic fungi, with valuable biotechnological, medical, and nutritional properties. The relevant features of the representatives of this genus to provide attractive lowcost industrial tools have been reported in numerous studies to resolve the pressure of ecological issues. Additionally, a number of Pleurotus species are highly adaptive, do not require any special conditions for growth, and possess specific resistance to contaminating diseases and pests.Even then species of this edible mushroom can often be affected by some bacterial, mold and virus diseases that rather frequently cause dramatic production loss.In the present experiment we evaluated the efficacy of different chemicals and antibiotics against green mold and bacterial rot of Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus djamor. From this experiment it was concluded that the maximum number of fruiting body in both Pleurotus spp. are taking in the spray of Streptomycin 400 ppm + Carbandazim 0.0025% (21.67 and 22.33), respectively.


This paper uses daily stock prices data surrounding credit rating announcement dates to examine abnormal returns of stocks of the European Union banks experiencing debt rating announcements, during the period 2004–2015. The results of the event studies suggest that rating agencies, by issuing downgrades and upgrades, provide relevant information to capital markets. The results also indicate that rating agencies contribute to enhance the transparency and efficiency in capital markets by standardizing information for all investors. The large positive preupgrade returns we observe are consistent with the view that upgrades are of most interest to market investors. There is no significant evidence of abnormal returns on announcements of rating watches.


Moral imagination is the mental ability to create or use ideas, images, discern moral aspects implanted within a situation and develop a range of possible solutions of the situation from a moral point of view. In this research, management decision makers were taken into consideration to dig out the factors that are affecting the decision-making process of management. Business industry has witnessed good and bad business leaders, those who have taken good moral decisions that result in mutual benefit to the company and wider society and those who have taken bad moral decisions that result in wider damage to the society, as well as to the business. Mostly, managers lack the ability to imagine a range of possible issues, consequences and solutions. So just because of their shorter insight and limited conceptual schema, they make wrong moral decisions which later give undesirable impacts to society and business as well. To analyse the complex relationship between the variables, Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) methodology was used. The data collected from 113 respondents in Pakistan were used to test the model by using LISREL 8.80. The model suggested that mutually beneficial decision-making is directly associated with moral imagination, whereas it is not mutually associated with demographic imagination; and on the other hand, moral imagination is significantly associated with empathy, dogmatism and egotism. However, mutual benefit is significantly associated with discerning moral issues and developing alternatives.

 Key words: Moral imagination, discerning moral issues, developing alternatives, mutual benefit, empathy, dogmatism, egotism, social corporate responsibility (CSR), non-government organization (NGO), structural equation modeling (SEM), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI), root mean square residual (RMSR), comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA).


A field discussed most actively in a current society has a biotechnology field and an informatization field. A lot of study and effort are requested to a biotechnology field and it is considered to be the important industry that can conquer a market of the world according to a degree of the development. Specially, a human reproduction will be expected the most revolutionary development in a biotechnology field, and prospective with the revolutionary means that can cure a human incurability disease. However, development of these biotechnologies is to bump against a wall called life ethics. Specially, a human reproduction is encountering a severe objection of a religion group and bring about many ethic problem. The purpose of this study looks into these social problems(specially legal problem), it is to find the countenneasure in question.


EDITOR—Muller has shown in an ecological study that lack of high school education accounts for the association of income inequality with mortality at state level in the United States.1 The implicit inference is that education at the level of the individual is responsible for the association with inequality of income.

But ecological studies are weak …


classroom with a 4-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree). We also measured variety of assessment practices with four survey items of the frequency of teachers' practices related to assessing student learning with a 4-point rating scale for each item: (1) administering own assessment, (2) providing written feedback on student work in addition to scores or grades, (3) letting students evaluate their own progress, and (4) observing students when working on particular tasks and providing immediate feedback (OECD, 2019) (1 = never or almost never, 4 = always). We measured core teaching practices with 7-of-16 items from the TALIS questionnaire (e.g., "I explain how new and old topics are related.") to explore the key features of teaching practices. We used a 4-point scale to measure teachers' frequency of employing core teaching practices (1 = never or almost never, 4 = always).


Comparing with normal tissue, tumor has higher metabolism activity, fast multiplying capability, and higher glycolysis rate, invasion of tissues around and metastasis. These features are coincident with the definition of Yang in Traditional Chinese Medical Yin-Yang theory. This paper investigated the Yang feature of tumor from molecular biology aspect, based the glycometabolism features and the changes of relative genes and enzymes. Through the application of PET-CT in oncology based on Warburg effect, we combined Yin-Yang theory with tumor iconography changes in this paper and embodied the practical application of Yin-Yang theory.


We present the infrared (IR) and X-ray properties of a sample of 33 mid-IR luminous quasars (L 6m 6 10 44 erg s 1 ) at redshift z 1‐3, identified through detailed spectral energy distribution analyses of distant star-forming galaxies, using the deepest IR data from Spitzer and Herschel in the GOODS-Herschel fields. The aim is to constrain the fraction of obscured, and Compton-thick (CT,NH> 1:5 10 24 cm 2 ) quasars at the peak era of nuclear and starformation activities. Despite being very bright in the mid-IR band, 30% of these quasars are not detected in the extremely deep 2 Ms and 4 Ms Chandra X-ray data available in these fields. X-ray spectral analysis of the detected sources reveals that the majority ( 67%) are obscured by column densities NH> 10 22 cm 2 ; this fraction reaches 80% when including the X-ray undetected sources (9 out of 33), which are likely to be the most heavily-obscured, CT quasars. We constrain the fraction of CT quasars in our sample to be 21-45%, and their space density to be


This paper investigates the gigantic magneto-optical effect in a SiC light-emitting diode fabricated by dressedphoton–phonon (DPP)-assisted annealing. Very large values of the Verdet constant and the Faraday rotation angle were obtained, namely, 660 deg/A and 2480 deg/cm, respectively, at a wavelength of 405 nm. The remanent magnetization was 0.36 mT. The magnetization curve, acquired at 27 °C, exhibited a clear hysteresis characteristic. This behavior of the SiC crystal, equivalent to that of a ferromagnet, was attributed to Al atom pairs autonomously formed as a result of the DPP-assisted annealing.


Through the analysis and comparison of dual-channel type fully mechanized main,auxiliary withdrawal support construction technology before end mining and blasting and mining machine with the construction of single withdrawal support channel after end mining,combined with large mining height support type,withdrawal support transport equipment,digging machine tunneling parameters,it selected reasonable withdrawal support channel construction technology according to the pressure law of the mine roadway itself and the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock,achieved the process of joint construction withdrawal support channel of digging machine and coal mining machine.


Following the completion of planting over 500 eucalypts our understory planting commenced in March 2011. To date we have close to 100 different understory species planted in small plots of about three or four metres square. These run down slope between two gravelled paths and are divided into seven sections with dividing paths for easy access. ANPS has supported this planting with a donation of $2000 paid in four tranches, which has been used by Southern Tablelands Ecosystems Park (STEP) to purchase plants. A lot of these plants have been purchased from ANPS and from their associated growers.


Until 2013, when a new master plan for the city was approved, Kigali had very few urban regulations in place. Incremental constructions, usually associated with informal urbanization, were the norm rather than the exception. Most of the city fabric grew organically creating a unique configuration of urban adjacencies, which would be improbable for planners and designers to imagine. This configuration is particular to the geographic, economic and social conditions of the city as incremental urbanization slowly adjusted to the living conditions, through the actions of thousands of city residents over a long period of time. These actions were formed in reaction to people, administrations, businesses, and occupations with an urge to sustain their presence in the city. In short, no document or design initiative can replicate the depth of information that the physical environment of these neighborhoods contains. This paper is a call for designers to mine the complex ways in which neighborhoods are produced in order to inform architectural and urban strategies that can be integrated within the spatial production of the city. In that sense, it is a call to rethink the way we identify and label indigenous organically developed low-income neighborhoods in order to describe them for what they are and not to dismiss them as "slums" waiting to be corrected, erased or healed. These neighborhoods lack adequate infrastructure, harbor unhealthy conditions, but they are also actively participating in the city's spatial production. In fall 2015, I worked with fifteen architecture students to develop interventions in lowincome neighborhoods in Kigali by analyzing existing processes of production and implementing a process of change towards more sustainable living conditions. Using these academic experiments, archival research, multiple interviews and fieldwork in Kigali, I want to argue in this paper that sustainability in architectural practice needs to incorporate questions of urban infrastructure within the very specific contexts in which these practices are to be implemented.


We present Cyclo, our prototype of a personal assistant for bike training using Google Glass. We describe our requirement study with 35 users and our design process for developing a novel application for Glass. Our hands-free user interface is potentially more convenient to use than traditional speedometers, and it provides instant performance feedback and context-aware notifications overlaid on the biker's view.


This paper presents broadband control electronics for active closed-loop envelope load pull system. This control electronics when integrated in the existing envelope load pull system provides a constant load with varying input power over large bandwidth. These two characteristics of the broadband control module make it a potential candidate for a novel tool in the power amplifier characterization techniques. The developed control electronics finds direct application in the development of broadband envelope load pull system to be used for the characterization of CDMA and W-CDMA power amplifiers (PA).


Polytopes from subgraph statistics are important in applications and conjectures and theorems in extremal graph theory can be stated as properties of them. We have studied them with a view towards applications by inscribing large explicit polytopes and semi-algebraic sets when the facet descriptions are intractable. The semi-algebraic sets called curvy zonotopes are introduced and studied using graph limits. From both volume calculations and algebraic descriptions we find several interesting conjectures.


The atomic-beam magnetic-resonance technique has been used to measure the magnetic-dipole hyperfine-interaction constants $A$ for the 8613-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ $^{1}D_{2}$ metastable atomic state of ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{117,119}$. The results are $A({\mathrm{Sn}}^{117},^{1}D_{2})=\ensuremath{-}1269.650(3)$ MHz and $A({\mathrm{Sn}}^{119},^{1}D_{2})=\ensuremath{-}1328.745(4)$ MHz. These results, together with the previous measurements of $A$ for the $^{3}P_{1}$ and $^{3}P_{2}$ states, are considered (a) nonrelativistically, (b) relativistically, with Casimir correction factors, and (c) with relativistic Hartree-Fock radial wave functions. Procedure (c) is shown to be relatively successful in accounting for the hfs observations, and leads to a predicted mixing coefficient for the states $^{3}P_{2}$ and $^{1}D_{2}$ which is within 13% of the mutually consistent values found (i) by consideration of the $^{3}P_{2}\ensuremath{-}^{1}D_{2}$ energy separation and (ii) from the precisely measured ${g}_{J}$ values for the $^{3}P_{2}$ and $^{1}D_{2}$ states.


This article is a result of joint workshop which took place during Sustainable Places 2022 conference in Niece, France, and was co-organized by the Building Digital Twin Association (BDTA) and six EU-funded projects that have developed a construction-phase digital-twin data model, and their ontological representation, which is capable of capturing all data requirements for the digital representation of building and/or infrastructure construction sites. Four of the EU-funded projects participating in the event contribute to this Open Letter which aims to highlight the relevance of ontology in the digital twin environment, and the approach by the different EU-funded projects. All four LC-008-EEB funded projects contributing to this article (BIMprove, COGITO, ASHVIN and BIM2TWIN), agreed on joining forces for raising awareness around Digital Building Twins and its impact in the construction industry. Their primary aim is to share knowledge, experiences and research outcomes with other stakeholders and communities around the EU and beyond, via online communication like webinars, newsletters, social media channels and scientific or technical articles. This initiative aims at delivering the wide range of digital tools for the construction sector needed on the European market and to raise awareness about the benefits coming from their use.


A CUBI, a simple geometric metal test-object, is placed in an outdoor environment to monitor the infrared signature. The (daily) temperature evolution of the individual facets is monitored as function of environmental parameters, such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature. This provides insight in the parameters that have the strongest effects on the thermal signature of the CUBI. The CUBI is also imaged by infrared cameras and these recordings are used to estimate the temperature of the CUBI. The recorded images are also used to provide insight in the amount of air turbulence generated by the radiance of the hot CUBI facets. The amount of turbulence is compared with the ambient turbulence as calculated by standard bulk theories.


For years, within feminist circles, I have seen countless memes and articles about the measures women allegedly take to make themselves feel safe while being out at night. How women keep to well-lit areas. How we hold our phones constantly or pretend to speak on them while walking so that potential attackers think we're connected to someone. How we lace our keys between our fingers just in case we need a weapon at a second's notice.


Preventing and resolving financial risks has a bearing on national security, overall development, and people's property security. It is a battle that cannot be lost. 2020 is the most crucial year to win the battle against major risks. As a core component of China's financial system, banking financial institutions bear the main responsibility of preventing and controlling financial risks, and they are also the main force in preventing and defusing financial risks. In the past period of time, banking financial institutions have implemented different strategies for different risks, accurately detonated bombs, and achieved phased goals. The rapid growth of non-performing loans has been contained, but there are still some potential risks that cannot be ignored. Therefore, from the perspective of preventing systemic risks, the task of winning the formidable battle is still very arduous, and it needs to be fully motivated and go all out to resolve the risks.


A fundamental determinant of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases is vascular aging, characterized by arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of adverse cardio- and cerebrovascular events and mortality.
 Fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids (n3-FA) have been described to decrease cardiovascular events in high risk populations. Little is known on the effects of the plant-derived n3 FA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). More insight is urgently needed, because of the low costs and abundant global supply of ALA. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of a long-term dietary intervention with ALA on age-dependent arterial stiffness and the magnitude of these effects on a specific vascular endpoint – ischemic stroke – in a mouse model of aging.

 C57BL/6 wildtype males were either fed an ALA-rich (high ALA, 7.3 g%) or a respective control (0.3 g%) diet for 12 months, starting from 6 months of age.
 At 9, 15 and 18 months, arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the right common carotid artery using a Vevo 3100 system (VisualSonics, Fig. 1A).
 At 18 months, ischemic stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (30 mins/48 h). Stroke size was assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and neurological function by a Bederson based score.

 Arterial stiffness steadily and significantly increased in controls over time, while ALA clearly and effectively prevented it (PWV at 9 vs. 18 months: controls + 95%; p<0,0001 vs. High ALA + 15%; ns) (Fig 1A).
 Stroke size at 18 months was significantly decreased in ALA-fed animals compared to controls (28.39 mm3 vs. 51.77 mm3 p=0.0017) (Fig. 1B). In line with the morphological changes, controls performed significantly worse neurologically (Fig. 1C). Additionally, post-stroke survival at 48 h was improved in ALA-fed animals compared to controls, with 85% survival compared to 57% (Fig. 1D).
 Figure 1

 We demonstrate that long-term dietary supplementation with the plant-derived ALA fully prevents the development of age-dependent arterial stiffness.
 The magnitude of this effect is clearly reflected in biologically relevant decreased stroke size, improved neurological performance and even post-stroke survival.
 This study not only demonstrates vasoprotective effects of ALA, but also links them to improved outcome of a specific clinical endpoint. Future analyses will aim at delineating the molecular basis of the observed benefits. This will result in a better understanding of some ambiguous results from clinical trials and likely define the population which benefits from ALA.


The feasibility of shear flow control using strategies originated by Hubler (H), and by Ott, Grebogi, and Yorke (OGY), has been examined numerically employing fully developed and transitional solutions of the Ginzburg–Landau equation as models for such flows. The general message of this study is that control of nonlinear systems is best obtained by making maximum use possible of the underlying natural dynamics. The effectiveness of both methods in obtaining control of fully developed flows depends strongly upon the ''distance'' in state space between the uncontrolled flow and goal dynamics. If the goal dynamics is an unstable nonlinear solution of the equation, or a close approximation, and the flow is nearby at the instant control is applied, both methods perform reliably and at low‐energy cost in reaching and maintaining this goal. For example, under conditions when the spatially complex and temporally chaotic uncontrolled flow exists on a strange attractor of Lyapunov dimension Dλ≂120, several differen...


The American Chemical Society Committee on Project SEED has announced the winners of its 2016–17 college scholarships. The recipients, who were selected from participants in ACS's Project SEED research program, received one-year nonrenewable scholarships of up to $5,000 to help cover tuition and fees during their freshman year of college. The 31 scholarships for the 2016–17 academic year, which have a total value of $155,000, were funded by private corporations and individual donors. Additionally, three Project SEED college scholars received the Ciba Specialty Chemicals Scholarship. Project SEED is ACS's summer research program that enables economically disadvantaged high school students to conduct hands-on research. For more information, visit www.acs.org/projectseed. Alfred & Isabel Bader Scholars Alfred Bader is one of the founders of Aldrich Chemical, now Sigma-Aldrich. The Baders supported Project SEED for many years and contributed to the initiation of the Summer II SEED program. Alicia Ball is a gr...


A water conservancy investment project is characterized by: a complicated inner structure,much factors involved in it,a wide influence range,and profound effect and consequent hard to forecast.Taking the Nierji Hydraulic Project as an illustration,this artical puts forward a relatively perfect synthetic assessment index system of the water conserancy inuestment project,calculates each index weight by using the Delphi method and AHP method,evaluates the project by employing the fuzzy analytic hierarchy integrated assessment methed,and then gets a relatively overall and objective conclusion.


Abstract A graph G on n vertices is said to be (k, m)-pancyclic if every set of k vertices in G is contained in a cycle of length r for each r ∈ {m, m+1, . . . , n}. This property, which generalizes the notion of a vertex pancyclic graph, was defined by Faudree, Gould, Jacobson, and Lesniak in 2004. The notion of (k, m)-pancyclicity provides one way to measure the prevalence of cycles in a graph. We consider pairs of subgraphs that, when forbidden, guarantee hamiltonicity for 2-connected graphs on n ≥ 10 vertices. There are exactly ten such pairs. For each integer k ≥ 1 and each of eight such subgraph pairs {R, S}, we determine the smallest value m such that any 2-connected {R, S}-free graph on n ≥ 10 vertices is guaranteed to be (k,m)-pancyclic. Examples are provided that show the given values are best possible. Each such example we provide represents an infinite family of graphs.


The concept of "from school to career" is the dominant idea of American occupational education innovation in 21 stcentrury. It is emphasized the popularized and lifelong in the concept, and should be paid attention to the individual development. Combined with the core content of STC concept and the experiences of the reformation and practice about the American occupational education, we can get some experience and inspiration for the innovation of occupational education in our country.


argument that this speech is a deprecatio only in the narrowest, most technical sense make for a highly educational and informative contribution. Finally, Lord Justice John Laws, himself an advocate and currently a Judge of the Court of Appeal, provides for the entire work an epilogue on 'Cicero and the Modern Advocate'. This o¶ering is certainly a salutary addition to a volume dedicated to the theme of advocacy, though readers outside the British system should be cautioned that some references (particularly those to famous barristers past and present) will be unfamiliar to them. The Editors have included not only a bibliography of works cited, an index of passages, and a general index, but also an extremely useful appendix that lists in chronological order all Cicero's known appearances as an advocate, with an outline of details, noting his success or failure (when known) in each case. Oxford has done an admirable job in giving us an attractive, error-free volume, one that should certainly grace the bookshelves of all those interested in Ciceronian oratory.


Oriented strand board (i.e. OSB) skin structural insulated panel (SIP) with expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam core is becoming more and more widely used as building envelope in the building industry. The structural insulated panel is considered as an efficient panel owing to the advantages of being environmentally sustainable, economical, easy to install and low thermal conductivity, etc. When building envelope is impacted by windborne debris during strong wind event, the debris might perforate the panel, resulting in dominant openings. The dominant openings might cause differential internal pressurization of building and result in building collapse. To investigate the impact resistance capacity, a series of laboratory tests on the SIP panels with OSB skins subjected to a 4kg timber projectile impact were conducted by using a pneumatic cannon system in a previous study. A brief of the experimental tests and results is described first in this paper. This paper then presents a numerical model developed to simulate windborne debris impact on the SIP panels by using commercial software LS-DYNA. The material models of OSB and EPS available in LS-DYNA are incorporated into the numerical model. The accuracy and reliability of the numerical model are validated by comparing the numerical and experimental results in terms of failure modes, penetrated depth of projectile, displacement and strain on the back skin measured in the tests. The validated numerical model can be utilized to conduct more numerical simulations to obtain vulnerability curves and fragility curves of the SIP panel against windborne debris impact.


A quantum mechanical hypothesis test is presented for the hypothesis that a certain setup produces a given quantum state. Although the classical and the quantum problems are very much related to each other, the quantum problem is much richer due to the additional optimization over the measurement basis. A goodness of fit test for i.i.d quantum states is developed and a max-min characterization for the optimal measurement is introduced. We find the quantum measurement which leads both to the maximal Pitman and Bahadur efficiencies, and determine the associated divergence rates. We discuss the relationship of the quantum goodness of fit test to the problem of estimating multiple parameters from a density matrix. These problems are found to be closely related and we show that the largest error of an optimal strategy, determined by the smallest eigenvalue of the Fisher information matrix, is given by the divergence rate of the goodness of fit test.


All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. An hedonic spatial equilibrium model of the U.S. dairy sector is used to evaluate the aggregate and regional impacts of reducing dairy price supports and removing milk marketing orders. The model includes 15 U.S. supply/demand regions (including Wisconsin and California) and several exogenous sectors (private stocks, government purchases and stocks, U.S. imports, and U.S. exports). The model solves for farm level blend prices and milk production as well as the price, supply, demand and trade flows for 9 wholesale level dairy products (fluid, soft, frozen, American cheese, Italian cheese, other cheese, butter, nonfat dry milk (NFDM), and a residual manufacturing category (mostly whey products and evaporated/condensed milk)). A unique feature of the model is that it also generates regional component prices for milk fat, protein and carbohydrates (mostly lactose). 2. Four scenarios are analyzed: a BASE scenario simulating the 1990 U.S. dairy sector with price supports, milk marketing orders and dairy import quotas; a NO CCC scenario simulating the impacts of reducing 1990 CCC purchase prices to 1990 GATT minimum, world market levels; a NO MMO's simulating the impacts of removing the federal and California milk marketing orders (MMO's) while maintaining 1990 CCC purchase prices; last, a FREE MARKET scenario simulating the impacts of both reducing CCC purchase prices to GATT minimum world market levels and removing the federal and California MMO's. 3. NO CCC: All regions except California lose total farm revenues under this scenario. However, Wisconsin dairy producers lose the least in percentage terms (-0.4%) of any region due to lowering the CCC purchase price floors to world market levels. Aggregate producer surplus ("profits") decline 2.3%; aggregate consumer surplus increases 0.2%; and aggregate costs to taxpayers decline from $367 million to $161 million (-56%). 4. NO MMO's: Wisconsin dairy producers gain the most total farm revenue in percentage terms (+5.4%) of any region due to removal of the Federal/State milk marketing orders. producers also gain total farm revenues under this scenario. The regions projected to gain from removal of the MMO's accounted for roughly 52% of total 1990 milk production and 38% of the 1990 U.S. population. Regions where dairy producers are projected to lose the most farm total 5. FREE MARKET: The only regions to gain …


The correlation between the factors which affect the formation of iron phosphate film and its anticorrosiveness has been investigated. The weight of the film which was 0. 2-0. 7 g/m2 was determined mainly by the pH of the bath solution and the length of treatment. The analysis of the iron phosphate films showed that 70% of the film weight was due to FePO4. The clear interrelation of the anticorrosiveness to the film weight which exists in the case of zinc phosphate film was not f ound here since the absolute amount of the film was too small. The anticorrosiveness of the bare iron phosphate film and that when a paint was applied on the film were not linearly related. A low pH value increased the anticorrosiveness of the former case, while a high pH value increased that of the latter case. The anticorrosiveness of both cases was greatly increased by the chromic-acidulated rinsing treatment of the iron phosphate film. It is concluded that although it is possible to controll the weight of iron phosphate film by the treating conditions, a proper f ormulation of the bath solution and the cromic-acidulated rinsing treatment are indispensable to a good anticorrosivenss. The best pH value should be determined after the most proper formulation is chosen. * Minamishinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo


The TetraFusion system described in this paper supports knowledge discovery from the World Wide Web by helping users perform data mining operations on sets of harvested URLs. Potential applications range from domain overviewing to science monitoring to competitive intelligence.


In order to help to treat diabetes, which is a terrible disease and one of the principal causes of death in Ecuador and the world, an unpublished biomedical equipment treatment was created. The design and implementation processes were performed base on successfully tested engineering and science methodologies. The equipment created considering quality standards allows the patient to take more control over his disease since it counts with nutritional information about the calories amount that he should ingest considering his activities and medical treatment.


The paper proposed a theoretical basis and methodological support for the possibility of extra-curriculum design of projects of the future teachers in the development of their professional orientation.


In metazoan gonads, transposable elements (TEs) mobilization is limited by PIWI-interacting 28 RNAs (piRNAs). These small RNAs originate from specific source loci, the piRNA clusters. 29 piRNAs are known to silence TEs in the cells where they are produced. Endogenous 30 retroviruses (ERVs), a subclass of TEs, pose a particular threat because they are capable of 31 transiting from cell to cell. In this study, we reveal that piRNAs produced locally in germ cells 32 counteract invasion by ERVs arriving from adjacent somatic cells. We reactivated the 33 Drosophila ERV ZAM in somatic gonadal cells by deleting, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome 34 editing, its single copy in the somatic flamenco piRNA cluster, while keeping the piRNA 35 pathway fully functional. Upon reactivation, ZAM invaded the oocytes, resulting in 36 transposition and severe fertility defects. We show that once ZAM- piRNAs are produced in 37 germ cells they counter the invasion. Our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of 38 recognition and regulation of invasive genetic elements, which is essential for the maintenance 39 of genome integrity. 40


Background Recent studies suggested that various cell lineages exist within the pulmonary veins. However, the source and differentiation of such progenitor cells that may unmask a previously unknown source or mechanism of arrhythmogenesis has not been demonstrated. We hypothesised that this area could host cardiac stem cell niches (CSCNs)and continuous rapid pacemaker induced the differentiation of cardiomyocyte progenitors (CMPs) and interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs)and could underlie the pacemaking activity of isolated pulmonary veins. Objective This study aimed to discover the pathogenesis of focal atrial fibrillation (AF) originated from pulmonary veins, through observing the histological structure and special cells in canine pulmonary veins model of persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Methods The pulmonary veins and the sinus node were obtained from 20 mongrel dogs (10AF and 10 control group) using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and the methods of immunohistochemistry on a transversal section of each pulmonary vein and Sinoatrial Node. Morphological and distribution analyses were performed manually and automatically. Results CMPs and ICLCs showing typical features of either very immature or developing were found in the pulmonary vein sections of ten canine pulmonary veins model of persistent Atrial Fibrillation but not in the control group and were mainly identified in sections with a thick muscular sleeve. A positive immunostaining of CMPs was also demonstrated, the staining characteristic is similar to the P cell of the sinoatrial node, these cells maybe have the function of pacemaker. Conclusion The pulmonary veins could host cardiac stem cell niches (CSCNs). Continuous rapid pacemaker can induce the differentiation of CMPs and ICLCs. CMPs could underlie the pacemaking activity of isolated pulmonary veins. ICLCs might act as supporting nurse cells of the cardiac niches and may be responsible for activation, commitment and migration of the stem cells out of the niches.


As a new energy sourceꎬ wind power is the mainstay of building a new power systemꎬ which can effectively contribute to decarbonize the power system and achieve carbon peak and neutrality targets. Howeverꎬ the contradiction between the large ̄scale construction of wind power and ecological protection is becoming increasingly prominent. It is urgent to clarify the impact of wind power projects on the ecological environmentꎬ especially on potential ecological corridors and regional ecological security patterns. This study took Pingtan as the study areaꎬ and applied Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysisꎬ Minimal Cumulative Resistance and gravity models to identify importantly ecological source sites and potential corridors. In additionꎬ the impacts of wind power projects on the connectivityꎬ pathways and importance of ecological corridors were assessed. The results showed that: (1) the ecological sources were mainly located in forest parks and scenic spots with high ecological value. The fragmentation of ecological source was increasing due to the impact of wind power projects. The percentage of ecological core areas decreased from 79.53% to 76.64%. (2) Wind power projects have reduced ecological corridor accessibilityꎬ significantly changed the alignment and length of ecological corridorsꎬ and greatly increased the spatial resistance for biological migration. ( 3) The wind power project weakened the correlation between


A   brief   summary   of   the  impact  of   Einstein's   contribution  concerning  concepts  like  space,  time,  simultaneity,  mass  and  energy is presented. Some of the main purposes of an education project through comics are sketched. The present work is inserted in this project and it shows a set of seven original comic strips which can be used by High School teachers to talk about one of Einstein's  revolutionary  contributions  to  Modern  Physics:  Relativity.


Thispaperpresents adual-band concurrent fully- integrated lownoise amplifier (LNA)targeted toW-LAN IEEE 802.11b/g/a standards. Theuseofaconcurrent topology enables saving important dieareaandpowerconsumption compared to theparallel solution thatemploystwoseparated LNAs.An original design methodology thathelpsselecting input/output matching network element values isalso presented. TheLNA die areais1.0x0.9mm2anditconsumes 9mW (5mAunder1.8V). IndexTerms- Concurrent dual-band operation, low-noise amplifier, input/output matching networkdesign methodology.


Large amount of experts are key asset that universities hold. In order to increase people's awareness of experts and foster collaborative opportunities, it is necessary to help users to locate experts with required expertise. This paper proposes a methodology for ontology-based expertise locator, a Semantic Web application that integrates pieces of relevant expertise information from heterogeneous data sources. We present the integration processes and ranking algorithm based on voting technique. Tests on the prototype system demonstrate that our system provides better performance on MAP and precision.


Transistor circuits are widely used in various, different types of transistors, its function and role of different, in the circuit inspection and maintenance process, often encounter a variety of transistor. Only by mastering the detection transistor to the circuit repair process more effective, This paper introduces the common transistor test method which is simple and practical, helpful for the troubleshooting of the electronics.


Background: The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. is one of the main biotic threats to chickpea in both field and storage in the world. The evaluation of chickpea genotypes for pulse beetle resistance has increased motivation for the identification and application of host plant resistance as a critical component of pest management. Methods: In the present study, different chickpea genotypes were evaluated under laboratory conditions to identify the antixenosis, antibiosis and GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics of promising chickpea genotypes to the C. chinensis.
Result: Genotype NBeG1004 (36.61 eggs/100 seeds) was less prone to egg laying, while ICCV14872 (180.45 eggs/100 seeds) was the most preferred. However, maximal developmental periods, minimum per cent adult emergence and growth index was observed in ICCV92944 Genotype HC1 showed substantial resistance with maximum phenolic, flavonoid and protease inhibitors content. The results revealed that presence of 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) in HC1 conferred resistance to C. chinensis. These results show assurance for incorporation into an IPM program against C. chinensis.


In a crop rotation with potato, maize and winter wheat, increasing doses of farmyard manure (FYM) or equivalent NPK fertilizers and their combinations were analyzed with special regard to their long-term influence on soil fertility. The yield-increasing capacity of FYM doses was only 82%, as compared to the equivalent amount of mineral NPK. On the unfertilized plots, fairly high N-release (50.9 kg ha−1) could be observed. Great differences in N-utilization developed depending on the form and dose of fertilizers. N-utilization from FYM was only 29.3%, while that of equivalent fertilizer application was 49.8%. The lowest soil reactions were observed both without fertilization and with the highest NPK doses. Negative N-balances generally resulted in low soil organic matter content. While FYM and equivalent NPK fertilizers similarly influenced the ammonium lactate-extractable AL-K2O content of the soil, an increased AL-P2O5 content could be observed in the case of mineral fertilization. The worst previous crop of wheat was maize (100%), wheat itself was better (133%), and potato was markedly good. The worst previous crop of maize was itself (100%), while wheat and potato were equally favorable (136–137%).


The study discusses students' preferences upon public and non-public accountant professions based on their personality types. The aim of this qualitative research is to describe how students of the Accounting Department prefer their profession in terms of the personality type that they consider for pursuing the desired job. The data were obtained through interviews and personality tests occupying Self-Directed Search (SDS) instrument from the theory of Holland. The result of this study shows that the students viewed preference an important issue for the selection of their profession. The six personality types as proposed by the theory have their own opinion; yet, they share the same perspective. Regardless the distinctive personality possessed, the accounting students in general prefer accountants as their major profession. Key words : Preferences; Profession; Public accountant; Non-public accountant; Personality type.


Summary:  Purpose: To describe the histologic spectrum and clinical characteristics of patients with neuroepithelial tumors and drug‐resistant epilepsy and to analyze clinical data and treatment related to seizure outcome and survival.


It has been observed that micropitting and wear are indissociable modes of surface damage of rolling element bearings. A similar observation was made concerning gears. This supports the idea that neither damage mechanism explains by itself the evolution of roughness during a micropitting test: they must be acting in concert. The present work investigates the integration of both damage mechanisms into a single numerical model of surface damage.


Decentralization of on-site and in-site trace metal analysis has been a key topic over the last 30 years, owing to the increasing need for environmental protection as well as industrial and health-based field applications. In trace (and ultratrace) metal analysis, electrochemical stripping analysis with mercury (or bismuth) screen-printed film electrodes has shown a fast growth in popularity thanks to the good limits of detection, the ease of application in the field, and the low cost. Moreover, the availability of new wall-jet flow cells has opened the opportunity for their use in in situ industrial monitoring. The analytical figures of merit in stripping voltammetry with screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) under decentralized conditions and/or with sensor arrays are heavily affected by some analytical factors, primarily the presence of a pseudo-reference electrode, the efficiency of mass transport during the preconcentration step, and the need for external calibration. A careful model investigation of the analytical parameters for an efficient use of SPEs in decentralized conditions has been undertaken and discussed. Different instrumental approaches were investigated, comparing optimized batch conditions and flow cell operation under either continuous flow or stopped-flow sample injection. The stripping efficiency under wall-jet flow conditions was found to be high and comparable to that in batch conditions, leading to sub-ppb (μg/L) limit of detection (LOD) figures. Finally, external calibration in stripping voltammetry was studied as a viable alternative to conventional standard addition quantitation. Results showed, indeed, that external calibration was demonstrated to be reliable for quantitation of Pb and Cd in real water samples.


At the beginning of the design for mini underwater robot, research on the hull profile of it can obtain better technical indexes such as rapidity and maneuverability. To improve the rapidity of mini underwater robot, a method of designing and optimizing the hull profile of it is presented. In this method, a hull was selected as the parent from the common axisymmetric revolution bodies, by analyzing and calculating the compositions of resistance, the applicability of different turbulence models to predict resistance performance of mini underwater robot was compared, it provides the basis for the rationality of mini underwater robot hull profile design. Then, with the fully parametric modelling function of CAESES software and the automatic optimization function of ANSYS software, the parent profile was optimized. The result showed that the mini underwater robot hull total resistance is reduced by about 12% compared with the parent after 300 samples optimized, and its rapidity had also been improved obviously.


Here's one suggestion: let consumers purchase their health insurance policies across state lines. In recent years, Senator Jim DeMint (R-SC) and Representative John Shadegg (R-AZ) have introduced legislation that would do just that. Candidate McCain made the idea a centerpiece of his healthcare platform. A new study from the University of Minnesota estimates that creating a national marketplace for health insurance would boost the number of insured Americans by a minimum of nearly 2.8 million and by a maximum of almost 17 million. The moderate expected effect would be an increase of more than 12 million.


Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from 01-01-2015 to 30-06-2015 at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro / Hyderabad. All the patients of 19-60 years of age, of either gender with Helicobacter pylori infection for more than 02 weeks duration were further evaluated for serum vitamin B12 level. The data was analyzed in statistical software (SPSS) and the p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: During six months study period, total 340 (225 males and 115 females) Helicobacter pylori infected patients were enrolled and entered in the study. The vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 236 (69.4%) subjects of which 148 (65.8%) were males and 88 (76.5%) were females. The mean ±SD for age of overall population was 42.94±9.86 years while the mean age ±SD for vitamin B12 deficient and non-deficient was 40.76±8.75 and 41.38±8.97 years respectively. The mean ± SD for duration of infection in overall population was 6.93±1.93 weeks while it was 6.72±2.30 and 6.54±1.75 weeks in vitamin B12 deficient and non-deficient individuals. The mean ± SD of vitamin B12 level in deficient and non-deficient population was 143.63±8.75 and 283.95±10.77 respectively. Conclusion: The Vitamin B12 deficiency is more pronounced in Helicobacter pylori infection. In present study vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 236 (69.4%) patients with male predominance 148 (65.8%)


1 CBT is no better than other accepted care (treatment as usual: including other types of psychotherapy or pharmacology intervention) for each child's primary (main) anxiety disorder, but might be better for all anxiety disorders (primary and other anxiety disorders) in increasing post-treatment remission. 2 Greater post-treatment remission than attention control interventions. 3 No difference in acceptability than no treatment/waitlist, other accepted care, attention control and other treatments. There was moderateto low-quality evidence showing no difference in efficacy based on format (group or individual), length or parent involvement, or for different subgroups of children (such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)). No studies for children with intellectual disability met the inclusion criteria.


At a time when so much of the popular press displays gloom in connection with transport some of the more optimistic background to the Motor Trade is easily concealed. The motor industry is depressed and yet there is still ample scope for expansion of existing markets to maintain an important source of income for Great Britain. Since 1960, passenger mileage by all private cars and taxis has increased by more than 250 per cent. At the same time the number of currently licensed private vehicles has moved up from 5! million to 13t million. If these trends continue passenger mileage will again double and the number of privately licensed cars could increase to 27 million by the end of the century. Factors influencing these trends have changed to the extent that a slower expansion of mileage and car ownership is indicated. Moves outside our control have perhaps contributed to a future environmental improvement which other means might have forced upon us sooner or later. The trends of the past fifteen years obviously could not have been allowed to continue unchecked. Already 53 per cent. of households own one car and of these 10per cent. have two or more. The manufacturers need to maintain this sort of interest in motor car ownership throughout the world. The decline in overall demand in 1974 was stabilized at the beginning of 1975 and began to show an upward turn by the end of that year. Within this framework the evolution of customer demand for varieties of engine capacities shows a steady movement towards the smaller, more economical power unit.


Many new services come into reach with the availability of high bandwidth satellite channels and cable networks. In order to use the full potential of these channels, powerful local data storage is needed. With such storage capabilities features like real video-on-demand, multiple channel recording and playback, sophisticated Internet services, personalised video, and transmission channel optimisation become a reality. Requirements are: MPEG-2 quality, high capacity, compact form factor, low access time and a fair price. It becomes even more interesting if such devices can offer additional functionality in a computer environment. In the coming months magnetic tape storage products will hit the market that can do this all and more. This paper describes storage requirements in multimedia and broadcasting environments, applications as well as magnetic tape storage device technologies and products.


Perhaps the most significant influence on the evolution of mental health nursing as a discrete profession in the UK was the establishment of the asylum system in the mid 19th century. By 1890, about 100 institutions were providing specialist care and treatment for mentally ill people.


: While processing customers' feedback for an industrial company, one of the important tasks is the classification of customer inquiries. However, this task can produce a number of difficulties when the text of the message can be composed using a large number of languages. One of the solutions, in this case, is to determine the language of the text and translate it into a base language, for which the classifier will be developed. This paper compares open models for automatic translation of texts. The following models based on the Transformers architecture were selected for comparison: M2M100, mBART, OPUS-MT (Helsinki NLP). A test data set was formed containing texts specific to the subject area. Microsoft Azure Translation was chosen as the reference translation. Translations produced by each model were compared with the reference translation using two metrics: BLEU and METEOR. The possibility of fast fine-tuning of models was also investigated to improve the quality of the translation of texts in the problem area. Among the reviewed models, M2M100 turned out to be the best in terms of translation quality, but it is also the most difficult to fine-tune it.


Sažetak) The specific impacts of market liberalisation on the power supply industry depend on numerous factors and boundary conditions. A comparison of these impacts in Austria and Germany, two countries which both are part of the EU single market and centrally located within Western Europe, and which both have borders and important trade relationships with Central European countries, leads to important insights. The paper also covers the expected influence of the increase in the power trade volumes in the two countries, also with their Central European neighbours, and the concerns that this may lead to conflicts in the achievement of targets in energy policy, environmental policy, and climate change policy aimed for both at the national and European level. IMPACTS OF MARKET LIBERALISATION ON THE POWER SECTOR: LESSONS LEARNED IN AUSTRIA AND GERMANY


In this discussion no attempt is made to establish a theory of technological measurement, not to say the theory of technological measurement. We will consider some aspects of technological measurement but still leave room for inquiry in the formulation of a theory of measurement. "Management Technology", ISSN 0542-4917, was published as a separate journal from 1960 to 1964. In 1965 it was merged into Management Science.


Introduction: Recently, smartphones have been vastly utilized in monitoring the daily activities of people to check their health. The main challenge in this procedure is to distinguish similar activities based on signals recorded by using sensors mounted on smartphones and smartwatches. Although deep learning approaches have better addressed the above challenge than alternative methods, their performance may be severely degraded, especially when the mounted sensors receive disturbed signals due to smartphones and smartwatches not being in a fixed position. Methods: In this article, a new deep learning structure is introduced to recognize challenging human activities by using smartphones and smartwatches, even when the recorded signals are noisy due to the sensors being unstable. In the proposed structure, the residual network of residual network (i.e. ROR) is engaged as a new concept inside the deep learning architecture, which provides greater stability against either disturbed or noisy signals. Results: The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on recorded signals from smartphones and smartwatches and compared with the state of art techniques containing deep learning and classic (non-deep) schemes. The obtained results show that the proposed method may improve the recognition parameters at least 1.79 percent against deep alternatives in distinguishing challenging activities (i.e. downstairs and upstairs). These superiorities reach at least 32.86 percent for classic methods, which are applied on the same data. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the architecture in recognizing either challenging or non-challenging activities in the presence of unwanted cell phone shocks demonstrates its potential to be used as a mobile application for human activity recognition.


1. How to Use This Simulation. 2. The Company: Ohio Metals, Inc. 3. The Companys Financial Statement. 4. The Union: Local 56. 5. Union-Management Relations. 6. Survey of Employee Preferences. 7. Non-Economic Issue. 8. Current Agreement. 9. Job Classifications and Current Wage Rates. 10. Key Economic Features of Current Agreement. 11. Players Roles. 12. Simulation Forms For Non-Computerized Negotiations. 13. Introduction to the Negotiation Simulation.


Abstract : As Composite Materials expand into higher temperature ranges they generally become increasingly more difficult to process with today's proven automated technologies. Automated Fiber Placement has become a standard process for fabricating large complex epoxy skins and shells. Fiber Placement with higher temperature materials, BMIs, and higher service temperature materials, has proven more difficult. Placement of BMIs on the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program and other applications has presented some new challenges for the equipment and process. ATK has been working with the Air Force Research Laboratory to foster improvements in the BMI materials and in the fiber placement processing techniques to achieve rates comparable to Epoxy placement rates. This paper will concentrate on the recent advancements in BMI Materials for Fiber Placement and advancements in fiber placement processing techniques.


This research purpose to examined of Bibliocounseling technique to increase student confidence grade VIII SMP N 1 Majalaya. This research used quantitative approach. Research methode used quasi eksperimental methode with single subject research A-B design. Research subject is student not confidence in grade VIII SMPN 1 Majalaya (N = 4 Students). Self confidence in this context was measured by instrument based Lautser Self Confidence aspect included 1) have self efficacy, 2) optimist, 3) responsibility, 4) rasional and realistic, 5) tolerance. This study used descriptive statistical for analyed gain self confidence score and analyzed baseline A and B. Result showed that Bibliocounseling technique was effective for increase self confidence. This research advice for guidence and counseling teacher, department phsychology education and guidence, and next research.


Inflammable breath gases such as H2 and CH4 are used as bio markers for monitoring the condition of the colon. However, their typical concentrations of below 100 ppm pose sensitivity and selectivity challenges to current gas sensing systems without the use of chromatography. We fabricated a compact, gas-selective thermoelectric array sensor (TAS) that uses micro-machined sensor devices with three different combustion catalysts to detect gases such as H2, CO, and CH4 in breath. Using Pt/Pt-W thin-film micro-heater meanders, Pd/Al2O3, Pt,Pd,Au/Co3O4, and Pt/Al2O3 catalysts were heated to 320, 200, and 125 °C, respectively, and the gas sensing performances of the TAS for each gas and for a model breath gas mixture of 100 ppm H2, 25 ppm CO, 50 ppm CH4, and 199 ppm CO2 in air were investigated. Owing to its high catalyst temperature, the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst burned all three gases, while the Pt,Pd,Au/Co3O4 burned CO and H2 and the Pt/Al2O3 burned H2 selectively. To calibrate the gas concentration of the mixture gas without the use of a gas separation tool, linear discriminant analysis was applied to measure the sensing performance of TAS. To enhance the gas selectivity against H2, a double catalyst structure was integrated into the TAS sensor.


Abstract With the continuous development of national construction and the increasing investment in road construction, the research of road materials has become a major research hotspot in road construction. The rise of nanomaterials provides new ideas and possibilities for this. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most potential and valuable road composite nano-reinforcement. In this article, through the analysis of high-strength iron wire-like carbon nanotube materials, the vibration compaction characteristics of road composite materials doped with carbon nanotubes are studied. This article proposes that the doped carbon nanotube material in the road composite material, through different doses of doping, testing and observing the strength of the material, so as to study its vibration compaction characteristics. The vibration frequency and compaction density and porosity value of the road composite material doped with carbon nanotubes are measured, and the main factors affecting the compaction effect are analyzed, which affects the compaction effect of the carbon nanotube road composite material flow and compactness factors under. Experimental results show that the compressive strength of road composites doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes has increased significantly, an increase of 46.8% MPa year-on-year. Under the same carbon nano-content, as the particle size increases, the density of the composites is more or less will grow with it.


Two kinds of TV cameras have been developed that are capable of showing the wavelengths of ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light by means of a false color method. One is sensitive to wavelengths from 250 to 650 nm (ultraviolet to yellow). It can simulate the color vision of the honey bee and other insects, reproducing the nectar guide of a flower or displaying the sex of a cabbage white moth, which is indistinguishable to the naked eye. The other is sensitive to a wider wavelength of 250 to 1,050 nm (ultraviolet to near infrared). According to the filter selected, it obtains not only visual images of invisible light information but also pictures same as those from an ordinary color camera. These TV cameras can be applied in many fields, including science, art, medicine, and industry.


The problem of soft-sensing of directly immeasurable variables in the synchronous generator,such as the power angle,the d and q axis transient electromotive forces,the d and q axis stator circuit currents,is investigated.Firstly,the model of synchronous generator suitable for soft-sensing is proposed,which includes the directly measurable variables of generator,such as the active and reactive powers,the amplitude of current,etc.The proposed model is a type of nonlinear differential-algebraic sub-systems.Secondly,aiming at the specialty of the proposed model,an expanded left-inversion soft-sensing algorithm is proposed for the soft-sensing of synchronous generator.Then,a left-inversion soft-sensor is designed considering the 4-order transient practical model of synchronous generator,and all directly immeasurable variables in the model can be soft-sensed.Finally,simulations are performed using MATLAB/ SimPowerSystems,in which a 6-order sub-transient practical model of generator is used,and the results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.


Identification of a state-space model for robust control design is complicated and the structure of the model uncertainties and the bounds on its size must be determined. Here an approach of experimental state-space identification in the frequency domain is exploited to obtain the statespace model simultaneously the model error bounds are given out, further, the advanced H control and // synthesis as well as v measure are applied to find the maximum allowable uncertainty while remaining system stability and robust performance requirements satisfied. The experiment evaluation of the control laws are implemented on a flexible plate. The systematic robustness analysis is proved to be of good parametric robust properties. Nomenclature adj(A) =adjointofA C =complex number set D =closed unit disk det(A) =determinant of A Fa F, =upper, lower LFT i =index j =index or \TT prefix B =closed unit ball R =real number set ^(A) =eigenvalue of A A. (A) =maximum eigenvalue of A p =structured singular value v =skewed structured singular value p (A) =spectral radius of A a (A) =singular value of A


Objective: To investigate the effect of nursing measures to prevent infection during different phrases of chemotherapy in leukemia cases. Method: The leukemia patients is randomly separated into two groups, the experimental group was given nursing measures to prevent infection 3~7 days before chemotherapy,and the controled group was given after chemotherapy.Observe the infection incidence between the two groups. Result: The infection incidence of experimental group is lower than that of controled group. Conclusion: Taking nursing measures to prevent infection before chemotherapy in leukemia might help to reduce the infection incidence.


To classify wood by surface texture,wood texture parameters of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM) were first selected by relevance analysis.The building rules of GLCM(the best gray levels and pixels interval) were confirmed by experiment.GLCM texture parameters of 300 wood specimens were calculated and assayed,and then placed into a Competitive Neural Network for classification output.The results are as follows: 1) GLCM parameters "Angular Second Moment"," contrast "," correlation"," entropy","sum of squares " and " inverse difference moment" are suitable to describe the wood texture,2) the best pixels interval when building GLCM is 4 when the wood image size is 512×512 and proportion is 1∶1,and 128 levels image gray can best reflect the wood texture information,3) the texture direction is exactly the direction of the maximum value of 'Angular Second Moment','correlation' and 'entropy' of the GLCM of the wood texture image,and 4) the correct rate of classification of the Competitive Neural Network classifier is 88 percent.The six parameters of GLCM building rules mentioned above are valid to describe wood texture feature and it is workable to classify wood by surface texture according the six GLCM parameters.


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This study was designed to investigate the effect of 4-dimethylaminophenol (DM AP) on hemodynamics and blood homeostasis in the treatment of acute hemorrhage combined with cyanide poisoning in dogs. The experimental animal model of acute hemorrhage combined with cyanide poisoning was produced by bleeding 10, 15 or 20% of total blood volume and administrating NaCN 2.5 mg/kg intravenously. At 2 min after combining with cyanide poisoning DMAP 2.5 mg/kg was given intravenously. The changes of hemodynamics, blood gases and methemoglobin concentration were observed. It was found that DMAP could rapidly restore the depressed cardiovascular function to a normal state in acute 10% hemorrhage combined with cyanide poisoning. However, a short excitatory state followed by a progressive depression of cardiovascular function was observed in acute 15% hemorrhage combined with cyanide poisoning. When DMAP was given intra-venously to the dogs after acute 20% hemorrhage combined with cyanide poisoning, the depressed state of cardiovascular function could not be recovered and the progressive cardiovascular failure occurred within 45 min after DMAP administration. The results of analysis of blood gases and determination of methemoglobin indicated that DMAP could seriously damage the O2-carrying capacity of hemoglobin by forming the significantly higher methemoglobin and cause a severe metabolic acidosis in the case of acute hemorrhage combined with cyanide poisoning. Therefore, the therapeutic dose of DMAP for acute hemorrhage combined with cyanide poisoning should be regulated according to the level of hemorrhage.


Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. RCC is associated to altered function in the Von HippelLindau gene and altered activation of the hypoxia induced factor. In the majority of cases the presence of symptomatic disease is equivalent to advanced disease. RCC is a curable disease at early stages with surgery. Treatment of advanced or metastatic RCC is difficult because of a poor response to conventional chemotherapy agents. With the advent of new treatment modalities like immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapies, better responses and longer survival have been demonstrated. This review resumes the novel therapeutics and current treatment of advanced RCC.


Summary Metabolic resistance to 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)‐inhibiting herbicides is a threat in controlling waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in the USA. We investigated resistance mechanisms to syncarpic acid‐3 (SA3), a nonselective, noncommercial HPPD‐inhibiting herbicide metabolically robust to Phase I oxidation, in multiple‐herbicide‐resistant (MHR) waterhemp populations (SIR and NEB) and HPPD inhibitor‐sensitive populations (ACR and SEN). Dose–response experiments with SA3 provided ED50‐based resistant : sensitive ratios of at least 18‐fold. Metabolism experiments quantifying parent SA3 remaining in excised leaves during a time course indicated MHR populations displayed faster rates of SA3 metabolism compared to HPPD inhibitor‐sensitive populations. SA3 metabolites were identified via LC‐MS‐based untargeted metabolomics in whole plants. A Phase I metabolite, likely generated by cytochrome P450‐mediated alkyl hydroxylation, was detected but was not associated with resistance. A Phase I metabolite consistent with ketone reduction followed by water elimination was detected, creating a putative α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl resembling a Michael acceptor site. A Phase II glutathione–SA3 conjugate was associated with resistance. Our results revealed a novel reduction–dehydration–GSH conjugation detoxification mechanism. SA3 metabolism in MHR waterhemp is thus atypical compared to commercial HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides. This previously uncharacterized detoxification mechanism presents a unique opportunity for future biorational design by blocking known sites of herbicide metabolism in weeds.


Abstract The mechanism of blockade by bufalin at the neuromuscular junction was examined by using the isolated diaphragm of the rat. Bufalin appears to reduce acetylcholine sensitivity at the motor end-plate by causing prolonged depolarization. According to the results of the studies of the post-tetanic potentiation, bufalin appears to have both stimulant and depressant phases of action on the motor nerve terminals, i.e., in smaller doses, it acts as a stimulant and in larger doses (corresponding to the doses of blockade), as a depressant. The amount of acetylcholine release was considerably increased immediately after washing out of bufalin treatment (incubated for 30 min with 10-4 g/ml), whereas in the presence of the same concentration of bufalin, obviously decreased. With regard to blocking effect, bufalin added to the bathing fluid was more potent than infused i.v. which indicates that the pre-junctional effect of this agent is essential for its blockade at the neuromuscular junction.


ABSTRACT Quantum chemical calculations were performed to identify the closely lying septet electronic states of SmX2 (X = I, Br, and Cl) and their electronic structures were analysed. According to high-level ab initio calculations, the ground state of SmX2 (X = I, Br, and Cl) is the 7B1(2) state. The molecular structures of SmX2 (X = I, Br, and Cl) as optimised by B1B95 are very close to those obtained using coupled-cluster singles and doubles including perturbative corrections for the triple excitations (CCSD(T)). Since the electronic states of SmX2 (X = I, Br, and Cl) are quite close, the thermal average should be considered to compare the calculated results with the experimental ones. Descriptions of the molecular properties of SmX2 (X = I, Br, and Cl) are correlated to the ability to accurately describe the ionic bonding character of SmX2 (X = I, Br, and Cl). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates prolactin production by GH4C, rat pituitary tumor cells, which possess high-affinity membrane receptors for the peptide. TRH caused up to a 50% increase in the activity of a low-Km GTPase in membranes from GH4Cj cells. The TRH stimulatory effect was maximal at GTP concentrations of 1 pM or lower. TRH caused an increase in GTPase activity of between 0.2 and 20 pmol ofGTP hydrolyzed per mg of protein per min, depending on GTP concentration, while TRH binding was 0.3 pmol/mg of protein. TRH did not stimulate GTPase activity in membranes from GHj2Cj, or GH-Y cells, two pituitary lines lacking TRH receptors. Stimulation of GTPase depended on occupancy of the TRH receptor; halfmaximal increases in GTPase activity required 46 nM TRH and 25 nM [N3-methyl-His]TRH, but the TRH free acid was inactive. The apparent Kds of these peptides for receptors were similar when measured under the same conditions. The fact that TRH binding to receptors is regulated by guanyl nucleotides, together with the demonstration of TRH stimulation of low-Km GTPase activity, suggests that the TRH receptor is associated with a guanyl nucleotide regulatory protein in the lactotroph membrane. The hypothalamic tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the secretion and synthesis of thyrotropin and prolactin by the anterior pituitary gland (1, 2). Clonal lines of rat pituitary tumor mammotrophs, collectively termed GH cells, have been used extensively as model systems for investigating the mechanism of action of TRH (3). TRH initiates its actions on GH cells by binding to specific membrane receptors, which have been extensively characterized with both intact cells and isolated membranes (3-5). When intact cells are exposed to TRH, there is a rapid increase in the rate of metabolism of phosphoinositides (6, 7) and an increase in cytosolic free calcium ion concentration (8, 9). These effects result from receptor occupancy and are thought to be important in generating the biological response in these cells, stimulation of prolactin release and synthesis. TRH can also increase intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations under some conditions, but it has not been established that this effect precedes TRH-induced hormone release (10, 11). Treatment of intact cells with TRH causes changes in the pattern of protein phosphorylation that are clearly different from those observed when GH cells are exposed to hormones and drugs known to increase cyclic AMP (12, 13). Under different experimental conditions TRH either has no effect upon (6, 14) or increases (15) adenylate cyclase activity of pituitary cell membranes. Gautvik et al. (15) recently reported that TRH can stimulate GH-cell adenylate cyclase; however, they found that stimulation required higher concentrations ofTRH and related peptides than receptor bindThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. ing, and higher calcium concentrations than those found in the cytosol ofGH cells (9). It has not, therefore, been established that cyclic AMP plays a central role in TRH action. Despite the progress that has been made in defining the events that follow TRH binding in the intact cell, it has been difficult to demonstrate any responses to this tripeptide in a broken cell system. In isolated membranes, TRH binding is regulated by guanyl nucleotides and sodium ion (16, 17). GTP and the nonhydrolyzable analog 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate inhibit TRH binding up to 70% in membranes prepared from GH4C1 tumor cells with IC50 values of 0.3 ,uM (17). Guanyl nucleotides decrease the affinity ofTRH for its receptor by a factor of 3 without altering the number of binding sites. GTP accelerates dissociation of TRH from membrane receptors but has no effect on the rate of dissociation of the peptide from detergent-solubilized receptors. These results raise the possibility that the TRH receptor is coupled to a GTP-binding regulatory protein in the membrane of the pituitary mammotroph. Guanyl nucleotides regulate the binding of numerous hormones and neurotransmitters to their respective receptors (18-20). In the case of receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase, these guanyl nucleotide effects result from interaction of the receptor with GTP binding components of adenylate cyclase that transmit the signal from the receptor to the catalytic moiety. Receptors for hormones that stimulate adenylate cyclase are associated with a GTP-binding protein termed N,, while receptors for hormones that inhibit adenylate cyclase are associated with a GTP-binding protein termed N1. As shown by Cassel and Selinger for ,3-adrenergic agents, ligand binding may stimulate GTP hydrolysis (21). Hormonal activation of receptors coupled to both N, [(e.g., f-adrenergic agents (21, 22), glucagon (23), and pancreozymins (24)] and to N1 [(e.g., a2-adrenergic agents (25) and opiates (26)] stimulate GTP hydrolysis and stimulate the release of bound GDP or 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate. Because of the data suggesting that the TRH receptor may be coupled to a GTP-binding protein, we investigated the effect of this hypothalamic releasing factor on GTPase activity in GH4C1 cells, a clonal rat pituitary line that secretes growth hormone and prolactin and responds to TRH with an increase in prolactin synthesis and release (3, 5, 6). In this report we demonstrate that TRH stimulates GTP hydrolysis by membranes prepared from GH4C1 cells. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Materials. Tissue culture media were obtained from GIBCO, sera from Microbiological Associates, and tissue culture plasticware from Costar, Cambridge, MA. [a-32P]and [y32P]GTP (13-30 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 37 GBq) was purchased from Amersham, and [3H]TRH (100 Ci/mmol) and Abbreviation: TRH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone.


Objective To assess the influence of mimic cardiac rate on hydrodynamics of different mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves.Methods US-made CarboMedics bileaflet valve, China-made Jiuling bileaflet valve and C-L tilting disc valve were tested via a pulsatile flow simulator in the aortic position. Testing conditions were set at mimic cardiac rates of 55 bpm, 75 bpm, 100bpm with a constant mimic cardiac output of 4 L/min. The mean pressure differences (△P), leakage volumes (LEV) and closing volumes (CLV) across each valve, and effective orifice areas (EOA) were analyzed.Results Within physiological range, △p, LEV, and CLV decreased as mimic cardiac rate increased, with a large extent of variance. EOA increased along with an increase in mimic cardiac rate. It was a different response in terms of cardiac rate alteration for different types of mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves.Conclusion Mimic cardiac rate change affects hydrodynamics of mechanical prosthetic cardiac valves. Within physiological range, the hydrodynamic of prosthetic bileaflet valve is better than that of tilting disc valve.


Abstract Ella Hickson's Oil (2016) and Leigh Fondakowski's Spill (2014) make palpable to their audiences what I call the Petrocene: the age in which human existence has become impossible to conceive without oil. Each play illuminates the pervasive presence of petroleum infrastructures in its own way: while Spill focuses on the specific and sensational crisis of the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, Oil presents a series of scenes which focus on two women (mother and daughter) who struggle to carve out their existence in various time periods and in the context of different fossil-energy regimes. Both plays succeed in unveiling not only the toxicity of extractive regimes necessary to fuel the Petrocene, but also the toxicity of the narratives that uphold extractive regimes and their attendant injustices. Moreover, both plays convey the intoxicating effects of oil, which appears as a near-magical substance that promises unfettered progress and access to the good life. Examining these plays in conjunction not only highlights the increasing presence of ecological concerns in dramatic pieces, but also illustrates the ways in which dramatic performance can distill enormous oil infrastructures into apprehensible worlds and thus create vital spaces for pondering the Petrocene.


UltraSPARC-II extends the family of Sun's 64-bit SPARC V9 microprocessors, building on the UltraSPARC-I pipeline and adding critical enhancements to boost data bandwidth, hide memory latency, and improve floating-point and multimedia performance. New external cache and interface options allow more flexibility in system implementations. This paper describes the motivation and implementation of UltraSPARC-II's enhancements.


SUMMARY Given the current stage of development of social work in Malaysia, the potential of harnessing the advancements in information technology (IT) for the development of social work education in Malaysia is immense. However, there are multiple barriers to cross before reaching this potential.


The primary subject matter of this case concerns mergers and divestures in the club shopping retail space. The club shopping concept has made significant inroads, both in U.S. and International markets, since the 1970's. This case requires students to examine the prospect for mergers and divestures among club shopping stores. The case considers four club stores, and one similar non-club store. Case information provides a discussion of each store's history, management issues and related financial information. Students must analyze the data and provide specific recommendations. Students may seek external information to refine their recommendations.


Stack filters are a class of nonlinear digital filters based on positive Boolean functions (PBFs), they have two important properties, which are threshold decomposition and stacking property, they are widely applied in fields of image processing. Optimizing stack filters is the most pivotal problem of the study of stack filters theory, Their design is formulated as a course of optimizing positive Boolean functions (PBFs). Existing bionics algorithms of optimizing stack filters are mostly genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, NN and so on, but optimization time is long. This paper presents a new bionics algorithm - Tabu search (TS) to optimize stack filters based on MAE and MSE error criteria, this optimization algorithm presented can search for the best result in the whole region, in order to attain positive Boolean function of optimal stack filters, where the positive Boolean function that characterizes the stack filter is represented by a truth table. The performance of optimal stack filters designed by this algorithm is illustrated by simulations. Results of experiments show that stack filters optimized by TS algorithm can suppress noise and preserve the details of image effectively, so they have good capabilities, furthermore, its optimization time is short and convergence speed is rapid.