In order to properly understand the origins of the Order Amphipoda, their phylogenetic position within the Superorder Peracarida must first be established. A hypothetical ancestral peracarid is derived from Dahl's hypothetical ancestral eumalacostracan, which was pro posed as lacking a carapace. The independent derivation of a carapace for special needs on at least two occasions is thus a central feature of a new phylogenetic arrangement for the peracaridan orders. This phylogeny is based on an analysis of 29 character states using Hennigian methods. Two lineages are immediately apparent: 1, a heterogeneous line con taining the Amphipoda, Mysidacea, and Thermosbaenacea; and 2, a homogeneous "mancoid" line leading from the Isopoda through the Spelaeogriphacea and Tanaidacea to the Cumacea. The mancoid line as proposed is inverted relative to earlier phylogenetic schemes; however, this new arrangement is more in accord with the known fossil record. It is suggested that future examinations of the phylogeny of peracarid orders be based on a scheme for the Superorder, thus enabling plesiomorphic features of individual orders to be properly defined. Lastly, the polyphyletic nature of the Peracarida is discussed and it is suggested that at least three independent lines of "peracaridan" radiation might have arisen from a pre-Carboniferous syncarid-Iike ancestral eumalacostracan. This study began as an inquiry into the origins and distribution of the malacostracan Order Amphipoda. The group is represented by more than 7,000 de scribed species, of which at least 70% are marine (Barnard, personal communi cation). Of use to the following discussion, pertinent facts about amphipods include: a) they are found in nearly all environments from fresh and brackish waters to the deep sea, from the poles to the tropics; b) most amphipod families are very widespread, being represented in the shallow seas surrounding all con tinents; c) embryos are carried in a brood pouch and have direct development, thus excluding a dispersive planktonic larval stage; and d) fossils are rare, the oldest being Upper Eocene and looking very much like a modern gammaridean. In addition, because of the supposed young age of the group and its high species richness, amphipods have been often characterized (Bousfield, 1973) as "explo sive" speciators. Barnard (personal communication), however, has in press pa pers hypothesizing a late Paleozoic presence of modern kinds of amphipods in Pangaean freshwaters. To properly place amphipodan origins it is first necessary to discuss their phy logenetic position within the Superorder Peracarida. The latter is one of five superorders within the Class Malacostraca which includes such diverse organisms as the crabs, krill, and stomatopods, along with a host of interesting lesser-known forms. All adult malacostracans have the following features in common: a) the head bears five pairs of appendages (antennules, antennae, mandibles, maxillules, and maxillae); b) the body is composed of well-differen tiated thoracic and ab dominal parts; c) the thorax consists of eight somites; d) the abdomen consists of six (rarely seven) somites and telson; e) the male genital aperture is located on the eighth thoracic somite whereas the female genital aperture is on the sixth thoracic somite; f) the pereopod endopod is developed into the walking leg; and g) the digestive tract is distinctive in that the posterior part of the foregut is differentiated into anterior chewing and posterior filtering parts.


BACKGROUND
 Digital proximity tracing (DPT) aims to complement manual contact tracing (MCT) in identifying exposed contacts and preventing further transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. While several DPT apps, including SwissCovid, have shown to have promising effects on mitigating the pandemic, several challenges have impeded them from fully achieving the desired results. A key question now relates to how the effectiveness of DPT can be improved which requires better understanding of factors influencing its processes.

 OBJECTIVE
 In this study, we aimed to provide a detailed examination of the exposure notification (EN) cascade and to evaluate potential contextual influences for successful receipt of EN and subsequent actions taken by cases and contacts in different exposure settings.

 METHODS
 We used data from 285 pairs of SARS-CoV-2-infected cases and their contacts within an observational cohort study of cases and contacts identified by MCT and enrolled between 06 August and 17 January 2021 in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. We surveyed participants with electronic questionnaires. Data were summarized descriptively and stratified by exposure setting.

 RESULTS
 We found that only 60% of contacts using the app whose corresponding case reported to have triggered the EN also received one. Among those, 23% received the EN before being contacted by MCT. Compared to those receiving an EN after MCT, we observed that a higher proportion of contacts receiving an EN before MCT were exposed in non-household settings (67% versus 56%) and their corresponding cases had more frequently reported mild to moderate symptoms (78% versus 69%). Among the 18 contacts receiving an EN before MCT, 14 (78%) took preventive measures: 12 (67%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 7 (39%) called the SwissCovid Infoline. In non-household settings, the proportion of contacts taking preventive actions after receiving an EN was higher compared to same-household settings (82% versus 67%). One in eleven ENs received before MCT led to the identification of a SARS-CoV-2-infected case by prompting the contact to get tested. This corresponds to one in 85 exposures of a contact to a case in a non-household setting, in which both were app users and the case triggered the EN.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Our descriptive evaluation of the DPT notification cascade provides further evidence that DPT is an important complementary tool in pandemic mitigation, especially in non-household exposure settings. However, the effect of DPT apps can only be exerted if code generation processes are efficient and exposed contacts are willing to undertake preventive actions. This highlights the need to focus efforts on keeping barriers to efficient code generation as low as possible and promoting not only app adoption but also compliance with the recommended measures upon EN.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 ISRCTN14990068


As can be expected in this election year, the answer to what should be done with oil-industry profits is highly political.


Technology for People Entry by: Peter Droege Collaborators: Leo M a r x , Lisa Peattie, Otto Piene, William L . Porter, Julie Messervy, and Winifred Richmond Peter Droege and his team base t h e i r C a m p u s C i t y G u i d e o n the n o t i o n t h a t a purposeful transparency of city n e t w o r k s a n d facilities s h o u l d be i n t r o d u c e d , to prepare for a new city identity. T h e y argue t h a t the future w o u l d best be pursued t h r o u g h a s t r o n g c o m m i t m e n t to a flexible process of physical and social c o m m u n i t y b u i l d i n g , p u r s u i n g viable traces o f the past and o p p o r t u n i t i e s posed by c u r r e n t trends. T h e citizens o f K a w a s a k i , rather t h a n merely accepting technological innovations, are to c o l l a b o r a t e i n p l a n n i n g their e v o l u t i o n a n d i n t r o d u c t i o n . T h e four c o m p e t i t i o n themes are responded to in discrete concepts. Award: Grand Prix r e b u i l d the physical fabric o f the city. C a s t l e s , gardens, and fountains become m e t a p h o r s for centrally p r o m i n e n t , neighborhood-based and streetside places. F o u r m a j o r t r a i n stations, exchange nodes w i t h supraregional lines, are presented as new c o m m u n i c a t i o n nodes above the tracks, m u l t i u s e city gates, a n d i n v i g o r a t e d d i s t r i c t centers. Ideas for m o b i l e , wearable, a n d domestic elements are presented t o raise questions a n d s t i m u l a t e discussion. T h i r t y k i l o m e t e r s of river edge are to be r e b u i l t as the city's lungs a n d green a n t e n n a , a w o r l d o f smart v i c t o r y gardens, leisure lands, and advanced a g r i c u l t u r a l research stations. T h e t h i r d theme describes a C i t y of Festivals, based o n the c o m m u n i t y - a f f i r m i n g nature of celebrations. A festive n e t w o r k is presented as means of c o m m u n i t y o r g a n i z a t i o n and a communication medium w i t h the w o r l d . Several i n i t i a l themes are suggested: language and sky events, or a w o r l d e x p o s i t i o n w h e r e the c i t y itself a n d its l e a r n i n g n e t w o r k w o u l d be o n display. Finally, a strategy for the m a n a g e m e n t of n e t w o r k access a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n is o u t l i n e d , a n d p r o t o t y p e test e n v i r o n m e n t s are p r o p o s e d as vehicles for e v o l u t i o n a r y change, t o generate ideas a n d check against civic values. T h e first, K a w a s a k i I n s t i t u t e of Technology ( K I T ) , is seen as a t w e n t y - f i r s t - c e n t u r y version of T h o r e a u ' s c o s m o p o l i t a n village v i s i o n a n d the open university t u t o r i a l system. A n Intelligent City M a p ( I n f o M a p ) o f today's i n d i v i d u a l and i n s t i t u t i o n a l resources is to be the first K I T catalogue a n d serves as the early sketch of an evolving city-wide learning network, exploring new directions in intellectual, s p i r i t u a l , a n d sensory realms. For the second theme, e n t i t l e d I n t e l l i g e n t Places, the a u t h o r proposes an urban information v e r n a c u l a r . I t aims at p r o g r a m m i n g the g r o w t h o f information networks to Places / Volume 5, Number 3


Airplane state awareness (ASA) is a pilot performance attribute derived from the more general attribute known as situation awareness. Airplane state alludes primarily to attitude and energy state, but also infers other state variables, such as the state of automated or autonomous systems, that can affect attitude or energy state. Recognizing that loss of ASA has been a contributing factor to recent accidents, an industry-wide team has recommended several Safety Enhancements (SEs) to resolve or mitigate the problem. Two of these SEs call for research and development of new technology that can predict energy and/or auto-flight system states, and intuitively notify or alert flight crews to future unsafe or otherwise undesired states. In addition, it is desired that future air vehicles will be able to operate with a high degree of awareness of their own well-being. This form of ASA requires onboard predictive capabilities that can inform decision-making functions of critical markers trending to unsafe states. This paper describes a high-fidelity flight simulation study designed to address the two industry-recommended SEs for current aircraft, as well as this desired self-awareness capability for future aircraft. Eleven commercial airline crews participated in the testing, completing more than 220 flights. Flight scenarios were utilized that span a broad set of conditions including several that emulated recent accidents. An extensive data set was collected that includes both qualitative data from the pilots, and quantitative data from a unique set of instrumentation devices. The latter includes a head-/eye-tracking system and a physiological measurement system. State-of-the-art flight deck systems and indicators were evaluated, as were a set of new technologies. These included an enhancement to the bank angle indicator; predictive algorithms and indications of where the auto-flight system will take the aircraft and when automation mode changes will occur or where energy-related problems may occur; and synoptic (i.e., graphical) depictions of the effects of loss of flight critical data, combined with streamlined electronic checklists. Topics covered by this paper include the research program context, test objectives, descriptions of the technologies under test, platform and operational environment setup, a summary of findings, and future work.


In 1930s, Dai Wangshu was a famous Chinese poet of modern style. He regarded to express his inner word in his creations. He adopted some rhetorical techniques, such as symbol, and combined the techniques of western modern poetry with the portrayed situation of Chinese traditional poetry well. With continuing advance, he formed the characteristic art style of himself.


Digital fingerprinting is a technique for identifying users who use multimedia content for unintended purposes, such as redistribution. These fingerprints are typically embedded into the content using watermarking techniques that are designed to be robust to a variety of attacks. A cost-effective attack against such digital fingerprints is collusion, where several differently marked copies of the same content are combined to disrupt the underlying fingerprints. Anti-Collusion Codes (ACCs) are employed to design the fingerprints, which can accommodate more users than orthogonal modulation based fingerprints with the same amount of signals. The selected DCT coefficients of the original image are quantized according to fingerprints; quantization table is employed to improve the ability of anti-compression. Blind fingerprint detection scheme has larger capacity and is more efficient than the existing algorithms. Keywords— Fingerprinting, Collusion attack,


The qualified teacher training is of much importance for the construction of the special education faculty in university. However, the current training modules seem to put much more emphasis on the educational level attainment and teaching skills instead of the morality cultivation. Consequently, in sharp contrast to a great variety of the training modules, a small quantity of positive effects had been achieved as well as an inconvenient partiality. In this paper, based on an analysis of the present status of the qualified teacher training in universities, several constructive suggestions have been proposed from the view of morality cultivation, system improvement and impartiality creation. Spontaneously, a more efficient training module and positive results are expected through the consideration of these recommendations.


High-pressure frozen soybean root nodules were fractured and backscattered electron images were obtained from uncoated samples in a low vacuum scanning electron microscope equipped with a cryo-transfer system. Structures of infected cells were well preserved: numerous symbiosomes, as well as nuclei, plastids and mitochondria were observed without ice crystal damage. After appropriate sublimation of water, bacteria included in symbiosomes were visualized. Membrane accumulation near nuclei, and vesicles and tubular membranes, which possibly contribute to symbiosome membrane formation, could be observed in a near native state. The method promises to be widely applicable to visualize interaction between membranes in various biological systems.


Although regular meditation practice is linked to numerous mental health and cognitive benefits, it is often difficult for beginners to maintain focus during practice and persevere with the activity over time. To tackle this issue, we externalised the ability of self reporting loss of focus by developing a feedback loop that helps the user track and maintain their concentration levels in a non-invasive manner. We hypothesise that the change in breathing pattern can indicate a loss of concentration and the act of audibly amplifying a person's breathing sounds during meditation can help them regain and maintain focus on their breathing, leading to a more effective meditation session. We present experimental designs and findings towards this end.


In view of the shortcomings of the Hot standby scheme of the coal mine Monitor Systems,such as Infexible,high costs,single point of failures,etc..this paper proposaled a solution which based on fexibility,low cost,reliability design discipline,focus on design and implementation of the overall structure of hot standby software, heartbeat detection module,the resource management module and data synchronization module.


The catalase (CAT) T/C at codon 389 in the exon 9 polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to vitiligo but a large number of studies have reported inconclusive results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between the catalase gene polymorphism (389C>T) and the risk of vitiligo.


Field-control-based nanorobotic manipulation of ions at the single atomic level is an enabling technique for such applications as in-situ prototyping and characterization for fundamental research and rapid product development of nanoscale and quantum devices such as sensors, batteries, neuromorphic devices, and neuro/brain interfaces. Taking the motion of quantum dots (QDs) manipulated by an electrostatic field steered by a probe tip on a target surface as an example, here we show a deep-learning-based approach for their global motion tracking via the individual atoms both on the surface and inside the body. Transmission electron graphs, element analysis, and crystal topology acquired from an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (Cs-TEM) are used to identify the positions, types, and structures of the atoms to understand their kinematics. The results show the feasibility of multi-target tracking of homogeneous atoms by their spatial structure projection, which is very encouraging for further extension to the tracking and regulation of crystalline grains, swarms of ions, ion filaments, and single ions.


In the work electrochemical characteristics of various rocks including sulfide minerals of Kazakhstan deposits (Dzhezkazgansky, Leninogorsky, Uralsky and Akbakaisky) methods of own polarization, the caused polarization and a method of electrode potentials are investigated. It is shown that electric fields of the caused polarization allow to dismember cuts of wells and to reveal in them ore bodies. Cathodic polarization, characteristic for the majority of sulfides and almost absent in graphite, can be used for more exact interpretation of diagrams of potential of electrode polarization.


In this position paper, we argue for improved fault-tolerance of an MPI code by introducing lightweight virtualization into the MPI interface. In particular, we outline key-value store semantics for MPI send/recv calls, thereby creating a far more expressive programming model. The general message passing semantics and imperative style of MPI application codes would remain essentially unchanged. However, the additional expressiblity of the programming model 1) enables the underlying transport layer to handle fault-tolerance more transparently to the application developer, and 2) provides an evolutionary code path towards more declarative asynchronous programming models. The core contribution of this paper is an initial implementation of the DHARMA transport layer that provides the new, required functionality to support the MPI key-value store model.


In this present study, biodiesel is a cleaner burning alternative fuel to the Neat diesel fuel. However, several studies are pointed out that increase in NOx emission for biodiesel when compared with the Neat diesel fuel. The aim of the present study is to analyze the effect of antioxidant (p-phenylenediamine) on engine emissions of a Diesel engine fuelled with methyl ester of annona oil. The antioxidant is mixed in various concentrations (0.010 to 0.040% (w/w)) with methyl ester of annona oil. Result shows that antioxidant additive mixture (MEAO + P200) is effective in control of NOx and HC emission of methyl ester of annona oil fuelled engine without doing any engine modification.


wide and has become a very important area of research interest in psychopharmacology during this decade. Benzodiazepines are still the most frequently used drugs for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder despite their undesirable side effects such as muscle relaxation, sedation, physical dependence, memory disturbance, and interaction with other drugs. In recent years, the development of new anxiolytics has been an area of interest. Various types of herbal medicines have been used as anxiolytic agents in different parts of the world. The root of the kava plant from the tropical Pacific region, St. John's wort extract from Europe, and the saponincontaining fraction of the leaves of Albizzia lebbeck from India are known to have anxiolytic effects. Panax ginseng, as a folk medicine, is one of the most commonly and widely used herbal medicines in Oriental countries such as Korea, China, and Japan. Ginseng has also long been used traditionally for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. It was reported that Panax ginseng extract stabilized sleeping in food-deprived rats. Ginseng saponins prolonged pentobarbital sleeping time and delayed the onset of convulsions when administered at high doses, effects that appear to be due to the GABA-benzodiazepinechloride channel complex. Ginseng saponins increased the affinity of specific binding of [H]baclofen and [H]flunitrazepam in crude synapse membrane from the rat frontal cortex. On the other hand, we reported that ginseng produced anxiolytic-like effects and the saponin fraction played an important role in the plus-maze model in mice. The present study was to know the anxiolytic potential of ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3-R, Rg3-S, and the Rg5 and Rk mixture in the elevated plus-maze, a behavioral test for anxiolytic drugs. Furthermore, the anxiolytic effects of ginsenosides and diazepam in the elevated plus-maze were compared to determine whether the behavioral profile of ginsenosides differed from that of the established anxiolytic diazepam.


The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is a 15‐mer DNA oligonucleotide (5′‐GGT TGG TGT GGT TGG‐3′), that can form a stable intramolecular antiparallel chair‐like G‐quadruplex structure. This aptamer shows anticoagulant properties by interacting with one of the two anion binding sites of thrombin, namely the fibrinogen‐recognition exosite. Here, we demonstrate that terminal modification of TBA with aromatic fragments such as coumarin, pyrene and perylene diimide (PDI), improves the G‐quadruplex stability. The large aromatic surface of these dyes can π‐π stack to the G‐quadruplex or to each other, thereby stabilizing the aptamer. With respect to the original TBA, monoPDI‐functionalized TBA exhibited the most remarkable improvement in melting temperature (ΔTm≈+18 °C) and displayed enhanced anticoagulant activity.


B. F. Skinner and Behaviorism in American Culture by Smith and Woodward is the third book-length treatment of the contributions of the world's foremost behaviorist to have appeared since Skinner's death in 1989. Preceded by the biographical works of Bjork (1993) and Weiner (1996), the present volume is not exactly a biography. Avoiding the extremes of hagiography and iconoclasm, it is a balanced overview of the antecedents and consequences of Skinner's life, primarily focused on his professional contributions, with a sprinkling of more personal elements. The 13 chapters are divided into four sections, "Skinner as Social Philosopher," "Skinner as Scientist," "Skinner's Personal World," and "The Diversification and Extension of Behaviorism." The first of these deals with Skinner's cultural and philosophical precursors; the second with the development and maturation of Skinner as a psychologist; the third a rare peek at Skinner the human being, as husband, father, and faculty member; and the fourth a series of appraisals of a few of Skinner's intellectual contributions (e.g., programmed instruction, the cumulative record, citation patterns pertaining to Skinner's work). Rhonda Bjork wrote a most interesting chapter on the life of Yvonne Blue Skinner, the psychologist's wife, while his daughter Julie Vargas and son-in-law E. A. Vargas prepared a chapter on the origins of programmed instruction. The chapter subtitled "The Skinners' Approach to Parenting" was competently prepared by Elizabeth Jordan, a historian of psychology. The same topic addressed by Dr. Julie Vargas would no doubt be equally interesting, if not more so. Of course, we have a wealth of first hand accounts of Skinner's own life and work in the form of his autobiography and numerous articles, chapters, and books. Independent appraisals conducted after the demise of a towering


To solve the effect of stator resistance change of the low-speed performance in direct torque control (DTC), one kind of observers, based on the wavelet networks (WN) is introduced. Simulation method is used to prove the efficiency of this method. The simulation result proved that the method we supply is supper than the BP neural network (NN). It is an effect way to improve the low-speed performance.


Self-diffusion coefficient tensors of a reentrant liquid crystal CBOBP were measured in the high and low temperature SA phases. In the high temperature SA phase, the diffusion coefficient component D// is larger than D⊥ . The two activation energies are similar. This property resembles that of the nematic phase, and indicates that the layer structure of the high temperature SA phase is disordered remarkably. In the low temperature SA phase, absolute values of the selfdiffusion coefficient components, D// and D⊥ , are close to each other, in contrast with the diffusion coefficient components in the high temperature SA phase. The activation energy for D// is much higher than that for D⊥ . This suggests a firm layer structure. It is also interesting to note that the activation energies for D⊥ are similar in the high and low temperature SA phases, and the values of D⊥ are found on one straight line through both phases. Taking these in mind there seems to be no change in molecular interaction and molecular arrangement in the two SA phases, as far as the perpendicular components concern. The change in molecular interaction and structure seemed to have occurred in the parallel components.


Ski resorts are deploying more and more systems of artificial snow.
These tools are necessary to ensure an important economic activity
for the high alpine valleys. However, artificial snow raises important
environmental issues that can be reduced by an optimization of its
production. This paper presents a software prototype based on artificial
intelligence to help ski resorts better manage their snowpack. It
combines on one hand a General Neural Network for the analysis of
the snow cover and the spatial prediction, with on the other hand
a multiagent simulation of skiers for the analysis of the spatial
impact of ski practice. The prototype has been tested on the ski
resort of Verbier (Switzerland).


The NOESY spectrum and vicinal coupling constants of t(4)‐acetoxy‐3,3‐dimethyl‐r(2),c(6)‐diphenyl‐N‐acetylpiperidine suggest that the compound adopts a chair conformation with axial phenyl groups. The vicinal coupling constants of t(4)‐acetoxy‐r(2),c(6)‐diphenyl‐N‐acetylpiperidine could be accounted for by an equilibrium mixture of the chair conformation with axial phenyl groups and a boat conformation with one phenyl group in the flagpole position. The vicinal coupling constants suggest that in the case of t(4)‐acetoxy‐t(3)‐methyl‐r(2),c(6)‐diphenyl‐N‐acetylpiperidine another boat conformation with the acetoxyl group in the flagpole position also makes some contribution and t(4)‐acetoxy‐t(3),t(5)‐dimethyl‐r(2),c(6)‐diphenyl‐N‐acetylpiperidine exists largely in a boat conformation with the acetoxyl group in the flagpole position. The flattened chair conformation, proposed earlier for the piperidine ring in N‐acetylsolasodine, has been shown to be incorrect and a boat conformation without allylic strain is assigned. The earlier interpretation of spectral results on N‐nitroso‐2α‐methyldecahydroquinoline is also re‐examined. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Individual retirees face a daunting task when they consider how best to invest their accumulated superannuation account and non-superannuation savings. This article highlights the fact that there is rarely an obvious decision in this choice and that the optimal decision depends on a number of factors. These factors include the valuation criterion adopted, the level of benefits, the individual's income level, the means-tests, the tax rates on income and superannuation benefits and the person's life expectancy. The optimal behaviour at retirement is significantly affected by the individual characteristics of relative lifetime earnings and post-retirement rates of mortality. Copyright 1995 The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research.


. Americium oxide has been purified using a americium. The similarities in the chemistries of the rare fluoride percipitation of the rare earth impurities from a earths and americium make an effective separation difficult solution of hexavalent americium. Additional purification and most purification procedures do not yield a quantitative was obtained by successive oxalate precipitations of the separation. Therefore, a new method of purification was americium. The total impurity content of the purified developed. This method consisted of a fluoride precipi-Am02 averaged 600 ppm,.none of which was contributed tation of the rare earths from a solution of hexavalent by the'rare earth elements. americium, which does not an insoluble fluoride.


The Edinburgh Logical Framework (LF) is a dependently type lambda calculus that can be used to encode formal systems. The versatility of LF allows specifications to be constructed also about the encoded systems. The Twelf system exploits the correspondence between formulas and types to give specifications in LF a logic programming interpretation. By interpreting particular arguments as input and others as output, specifications can be seen as describing non-deterministic functions. We can then prove meta-theorems about the encoded systems by showing particular such functions to be total. Twelf provides tools for establishing totality. However, the resulting proofs of meta-theorems are implicit in that they do not yield a certificate that can be given to a proof checker. We begin the process here of making these proofs explicit. We treat the restricted situation in Twelf where context definitions (regular worlds), mutually recursive definitions and lemmas are not used. In this setting we describe and prove correct a translation of the steps in totality checking into an actual proof in the companion logic M2.


An open questionnaire was used to research the evaluations to excellence of primary scholar by three main bodies such as students,teachers and father or mother of the students,to review similarities and differences in the three main body evaluations,and to search the factors influencing primary scholar self-growing.As a result that other aspects all show valuator's main effect than aspects such as knowledge,body diathesis,volition and adaptability,and that the student self-evaluating points are lower mostly than the teacher evaluating points and father or mother evaluating points;the three main body evaluations show relatively obvious grade difference;schoolboy scores are markedly upper than schoolgirl scores at creativity aspect;at more dimensionalities,distinct interaction show at all between valuators and grade.


Immune system and inflamation is widely known to play a key role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Anti-Phospholipid (aPL) an tibodies may act in the induction of immunological response leading to the development of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). Anti-Phosphatidyl Inositole (PI) Antibody (Ab) has been seen in various diseases inc luding rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythem atosus and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. Although there are a few studies on the association of some autoantibodies with AMI, more epidemiological data are required to confirm their significance as indep endent risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the data on the relationship of autoantibodies with traditional risk factors of AMI is rare. The study of anti-PI A b in AMI may lead to understand of etiology of isch emic heart disease. This study was conducted to determin e whether prevalence of anti-PI Abs, in patients wh o had AMI and to analyze their association with tradition al cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of a nti-PI IgG and IgM in a well characterized group of patients w ith AMI as a case group and in age and sex matched healthy subjects as control group. Sera from the ca se and the control groups were tested to evaluate t he presence of IgG and IgM isotypes to anti-PI by ELIS A method. The prevalence of anti-PI IgG and also Ig M in the case group resulted significantly higher than i n the control group with AMI (p<0.005). The findings of this study suggest that anti-PI Abs seemed to have a rol e in AMI independent risk factors for AMI and may represent a link between autoimmunity and atherosclerosis in patients with AMI. Comprehensive studies are recommended to explore the exact role of anti-PI Ab s in AMI.


For studies of fibrinolytic enzyme strain K-54 was isolated from the Korean traditional food chungkook-jang. Isolated strains K-54 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The molecular weight of fibrinolytic enzyme from B. subtilis K-54 was 27 kDa. Optimum temperature for fibrinolytic enzyme of B. subt...


In this paper, we design a hexapod climbing robot and propose a cross-plane transition gait algorithm to solve the problem that the general walking robot can't perform the work at high altitude and can't realize the autonomous transition between multiple planes. Firstly, we build a simulation control system based on MATLAB and V-REP for algorithm analysis and motion verification. Meanwhile, virtual connection technology is used to design virtual suction sensor to simulate the real adhesion mechanisms. Then, the single-plane walking gait algorithm is designed based on the SS-Shaped interpolation function, which effectively avoid the wear of the adhesion mechanisms. The transition algorithm based on workspace constraints is designed to greatly improve the adaptability of robots in complex environments. Finally, the simulation of rhythmic gait motion and ground-slope transitional motion verify the effectiveness of the gait planning method.


A receiving array system can be applied for tonal noise analysis of underwater vehicles, but it is difficult to install and operate, and a lot of cost is required. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a method to measure the tonal noise of underwater vehicle after synthesizing a virtual array using single receiver. The proposed method compensates the Doppler frequency and time delay caused by the movement of the underwater sound source and applies the focused beamforming technique. The performance of the proposed method was analyzed via simulation.


In previous studies, a nonsense mutation in the gene doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) was discovered to have a major influence on gait ability in horses. The mutation is permissive for the ability to perform alternate gaits, such as pace and tolt and has also been shown to have a favorable effect on speed capacity and harness racing performance in Coldblooded and Standardbred trotters. The main aim of this study was to investigate the association of the DMRT3 genotype with performance in Coldblooded trotters. A total of 769 Coldblooded trotters were genotyped for the DMRT3 mutation, where 485 had raced at least once and 284 were non-raced. The genotype was associated with harness racing performance (number of starts, victories, placings 1-3, earnings, earnings per start, unplaced, disqualifications, and race times). The performance traits were defined and obtained at different ages: 3 years, 3 to 6 years, and 7 to 10 years of age. At three years of age, the horses homozygous for the mutation (AA) earned more prize money compared to the horses homozygous for the wild-type allele (C). The performance results for the total career indicated that the genotype CA had better results for the majority of the traits, compared to horses homozygous for the wild-type allele (P<0.05). Horses with genotype CA also earned the most prize money for the total career (P<0.05). This study indicates that the heterozygotes at the DMRT3 gene have a favorable association with harness racing performance. The results from this study have practical implications for breeding and training, in which the information from this study could assist industry professionals in selecting the most ideal horse for breeding Coldblooded trotters.


Accessible summary

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The UN Declaration on Rights for persons with Disabilities says that people with disabilities should be included in things that concern them.

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The National Federation of Voluntary Bodies in Ireland has been planning what research it will carry out in the future.

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We involved people with intellectual disabilities, service providers and families in helping us to make our plans.

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Our plan says that it is important to include people with intellectual disabilities in doing research about them.


Aims:  To evaluate the antibacterial and free‐radical scavenging (FRS) activities of propolis collected from three different areas of Sonoran Desert in northwestern Mexico [Pueblo de Alamos (PAP), Ures (UP) and Caborca (CP)].


Drip irrigation is an effective method to reduce water loss during the process of cultivation, while Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is an antagonistic microorganism that can help curb disease incidence and promote plant growth. The present experiment aimed to examine the efficiency of drip irrigation combined with the use of Bacillus bacteria in promoting 'Jinda chili' growth. To achieve the research objective, thirty day old chili seedlings were transplanted to pots. Then irrigation was performed using one of the following four treatment: two sessions of 10 minutes irrigation at 09:30 a.m. and 03:30 p.m. (control); three sessions of 5 minutes irrigation at 09:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., and 03:30 p.m.; two sessions of 10 minutes irrigation at 09:30 a.m. and 03:30 p.m. combined with the use of Bacillus bacteria; and three sessions of 5 minutes irrigation at 09:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., and 03:30 p.m. combined with the use of Bacillus bacteria. The findings showed that not only could the 5 minutes irrigation treatment conserve more water than their 10 minutes counterparts by up to 23.59%, but they could also increase plant heights by 6.81%-14.00% compared to that resulting from the control method. In addition, the 10 minutes irrigation method combined with the use of Bacillus bacteria led to the highest fresh plant and root weights with the figures standing at 199.75 g and 105.00 g, respectively. However, the total yields did not differ significantly across the four treatment.


Today's vehicles are incorporating many advanced driver assistance systems and in the near future it will be likely to have increased capabilities such as lanekeeping assist systems. These systems will be an integral part of the driving experience, aiding the driver in avoiding hazardous obstacles. One approach for these systems is to represent the hazards as artificial potential fields that add control inputs to move the vehicle towards safe regions on the road. This paper focuses on bounding the lateral motion of a vehicle for a lanekeeping system. A Lyapunov approach is used where the bounding function consists of the artificial potential energy associated with the controller, the kinetic energy in the lateral and yaw modes, and energy terms that are dependent on vehicle heading. In order to achieve this bound, a condition has to be met for the lookahead distance and the location of the control force (which can also be interpreted as a condition on the decoupling of lateral and yaw modes). Using this bound, a potential field gain can be chosen to guarantee collision avoidance with fixed lateral obstacles.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Objective: To study the relationship between apoptosis、PCNA and behaviors of gastric carcinoma.Methods: The apoptosis and PCNA were examined by TUNEL and SP immunohistochemical staining respectively.Results: PCNA in mucous carcinoma and low differentiation was significantly higher than that in high differentiation group,while apoptosis index was significantly lower than that in high differentiation.PCNA was positively correlated with invasion depth,while apoptosis index was negatively correlated with invasion depth.The group with lympho node metastasis showed high PCNA and low apoptosis index.Conclusion: PCNA and apoptosis index in gastric carcinoma is contributed to evaluate the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.


Purpose: Prospective teachers are trained with essential knowledge and skills in teacher education programs of all teaching fields at education faculties of universities in Turkiye. In addition, graduates of specific departments at faculties also have a chance to become a teacher by successfully completing pedagogical formation certificate programs. Thus, it is a matter of question what the main purpose of undergraduate students when beginning to study or studying at these departments is: becoming a teacher or not. Along with this inquiry, this paper presents a quantitative study focusing on reasons for department choice of undergraduates studying at English Language and Literature (ELL) department and their attitudes towards being a language teacher within the scope of teacher self-efficacy beliefs.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Data of this quantitative study were collected from 220 undergraduates studying at English Language and Literature department of a state university in Turkiye by administering scales on the research purpose.
Findings: The findings suggested that the primary reason reported was an interest in the department with knowledge and skills to be gained, which was followed by becoming an English language teacher with high level of teacher self-efficacy.
Highlights: Even though there is no explicit focus on becoming an English teacher as part of curricula of non-ELT departments, undergraduates studying at these programs consider being an English teacher as the primary career option, which could lead to a need to evaluate curricula of these programs and teacher education.


The importance of the role of communication between the agents has also been highlighted by many researchers, particularly for multi-agent systems and for distributed communicating agents. But the form of agent communication often remains a mystery. Agent communication languages and standards are being developed, however the dust hasn't really settled yet, and many implementations use ad-hoc techniques. XML provides an excellent form for agent communication by facilitating the construction of hierarchical message structures. Many of the practicalities for implementation of message recognition can be overcome by the utilization of existing libraries for XML parsing. A message system using an XML-type syntax is more extensible and adaptable for use in a changing environment. This paper discusses the use of XML for the construction of agent-based messages, and presents a simple approach for the deconstruction of messages by receiving


The article is the first one from a series of articles covers development of private law of the European Union. The article has seen the emergence and development phase of private law in general and in particular, private international law of the EU. The article investigate the issues of forming a European law, which is based on the reception of Roman private law and the influence of the church and the local feudal law. There are fundamental political processes, between the secular and ecclesiastical authority, which has had a fundamental influence on the development of private law. Considerable attention is given to activities of glossators apropos of thinking, systematization and adaptation of these three disparate systems of law to the needs of their time.


The first golgi-targeted fluorescent probe (named as Gol-NTR) for detecting nitroreductase (NTR) was developed. Gol-NTR had good selectivity for NTR and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, it is worth noting that Gol-NTR...


The present disclosure proposes a method and apparatuses for geographical zone based radio resource management. The geographical zone based radio resource management method adapted for a control node would receive from a user equipment a request to communicate in a Device to Device (D2D) mode of communication. The control node would validate the user equipment according to a geographical zone in which the user equipment is located in response to the request of the user equipment to communicate in the D2D mode, wherein the geographical zone is formed by at least three control nodes. The control node would then notify the user equipment whether the user equipment may communicate in the D2D mode after the user equipment is authorized.


Introduction: Understanding contributions of fat and lean tissue to cardiovascular and all-cause cardiovascular mortality may help clarify areas of prevention in older adults Hypothesis: We hypothe...


Introduction: HIV infection is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identification of immunologic mechanisms associated with subclinical CVD (sCVD) among HIV-positive ind...


This tool paper presents the design and tool-support of Messir, an approach centered on textual domain-specific languages supported by our open-source UML requirements engineering tool, named Excalibur. The novelty of our approach is the actual integration in a single workbench (Excalibur) of textual DSLs richly covering the requirements and analysis phases, i.e. improved use-cases, environment, conceptual and operations models; and the read-only visualisation of the requirements with UML-compliant views; and the generation of scientific requirements analysis documents in LATEX; and the formal simulation of test cases requirements. We designed our Messir language, with a grammar-based approach generating a textual editor, using the XText framework as an Eclipse plugin. Messir DSL's static semantics is defined as a set of validation rules guiding end-users through the requirements analysis phase. Messir DSL's semantics is given as a semi-automatic translation to prolog code. We also generate, from the requirements model elements, read-only graphical views (using the Sirius eclipse plugin) as well as a complete requirements analysis document in LATEX. This approach and tool have been used as a requirements engineering educational tool in several bachelor and master semesters.


A method of improving the radiation characteristics of a dipole-disk antenna by using a beam-forming ring (BFR) is suggested. The radiation patterns of the dipole-disk antenna are calculated by the moment methods (MM) and the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) and are compared with experimental results.


By means of weakly equilibrium Cantor-type sets, solutions of two problems related to polynomial inequalities are presented: the problem by M. Baran et al. about a compact set K ⊂ C such that the Markov inequality is not valid on K with the best Markov's exponent, and the problem by L. Frerick et al. concerning compact sets satisfying the local form of Markov's inequality with a given exponent, but not satisfying the global version of Markov's inequality with the same parameter. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 41A17, 41A44.


This article is written in the context of the tourism industry. The research purpose is to examine the satisfaction of tourism in terms of different factors related to the destination. The Dead Sea of Jordan was selected as the destination and American tourists were the study participants. Three factors related to the destination services were used for determining the satisfaction level of American tourists. The three factors include services related to accommodation, facilities at destination and services related to the travel agency. Further, the elements of these factors help in evaluating the satisfaction level of American tourists. The data was collected with the designed questionnaire distributed among American tourists by different travel agencies. The data gathered was analyzed using SPSS, which includes distribution of frequency, analysis of regression, t-test and analysis of factors. The findings of the research showed that elements related to the services of accommodation, services of travel agency and facilities at the Dead Sea were the strongest predictor of the satisfaction level of American tourists in Jordan. The scores of the mean for these three factors and their elements were above the neutral (unbiased) point. These statistical results confirm that American tourists were highly satisfied with their vacation at the Dead Sea, in terms of services provided and facilities available at the Dead Sea in Jordan. This paper provides insights about increasing the satisfaction level of tourists. It assists the tourism and hospitality market to increase the satisfaction level of tourists by focusing on the three mentioned factors in the paper.


We investigate the quantum transport through Kondo impurity assuming both a large number of orbital channels K(cid:29) 1 for the itinerant electrons and a semiclassical spin S (cid:29) 1 for the impurity. The non-Fermi liquid regime of the Kondo problem is achieved in the overscreened sector K > 2 S . We show that there exist two distinct semiclassical regimes for the quantum transport through impurity: i) K (cid:29) S (cid:29) 1, differential conductance vanishes and ii) S / K = C with 0 < C < 1 / 2, differential conductance reaches some non-vanishing fraction of its unitary value. Using conformal field theory approach we analyze behavior of the quantum transport observables and residual entropy in both semiclassical regimes. We show that the semiclassical limit ii) preserves the key features of resonance scattering and the most essential fingerprints of the non-Fermi liquid behavior. We discuss possible realization of two semiclassical regimes in semiconductor quantum transport experiments.


We study an amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (Si HJ) as a back contact in industrial standard p-type five-inch pseudo-square wafer to replace Al back surface field (BSF) contact. The best efficiency in this study is over 17% with open-circuit (Voc) of 0.623 V, which is very similar to the control cell with Al BSF. We found that Voc has not been improved with the heterojunction structure in the back. The typical minority carrier lifetime of these wafers is on the order of 10 μs. We also found that the doping levels of p-layer affect the FF due to conductivity and band gap shifting, and an optimized layer is identified. We conclude that an amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction can be a very promising structure to replace Al BSF back contact.


By statistical methods,the upper circulation in the Bering Sea basin is analyzed using SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation) data. The result shows that variations of general circulation over the deep basin mainly contain interannual variation ranging from 3~4 a.The interannual variation in the upper general circulation is significantly correlated with the intensity of Aleutian low and intensity of Aleutian west of 180°.After 1976 regime shift,associated with the EI Nino conditions prevalent,Aleutian low propagated easterly is consistent with stronger Aleutian low,that maybe the principal cause of the negatively correlation between the intensity of Aleutian west of 180° and the intensity of upper general circulation.


This work presents Carleman estimates to a class of degenerate parabolic problems over a square (in the two dimensional case) or a bounded interval (in the one dimensional case). We consider a differential operator that degenerate only in a part of the boundary. Using semigroup theory, we prove well posedness results. Then, using suitables weight functions, we prove Carleman estimates and, as application, results on multi-objective controllability.


Citation: Qi Y, Li Q and Du F (2019) Corrigendum: Are Rich People Perceived as More Trustworthy? Perceived Socioeconomic Status Modulates Judgments of Trustworthiness and Trust Behavior Based on Facial Appearance. Front. Psychol. 10:2316. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02316 Corrigendum: Are Rich People Perceived as More Trustworthy? Perceived Socioeconomic Status Modulates Judgments of Trustworthiness and Trust Behavior Based on Facial Appearance


The mesylate salt of rivoceranib, an orally bioavailable, small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Rivoceranib selectively binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which may inhibit VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and decrease tumor microvessel density. In addition, this agent mildly inhibits c-Kit and c-SRC tyrosine kinases.


Many suboptimal motion vector search algorithms have been proposed because the full search algorithm, which is an optimal method, requires huge computational cost. Most of these algorithms find motion vectors simply from the center of the search window. In this paper, we propose an efficient motion vector search algorithm which, in order to predict the initial search point, exploits the global motion information obtained from the previous three frames and the local motion information regarding the motion vectors of the neighboring blocks of the current block. Our proposed algorithm searches for a motion vector from this initial search point, instead of from the center of the search window, using either the diamond search algorithm [J. Y. Tham, S. Ranganath, M. Ranganath, and A. A. Kassim, ''A novel unrestricted center-biased diamond search algorithm for block motion estimation,'' IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 8(4), 369–377 (1998) and S. Zhu and K. Ma, ''A new diamond search algorithm for fast block matching motion estimation,'' in ICICS'97, pp. 9–12, Singapore (Sept. 1997)] or the unrestricted small diamond search algorithm which performs its search always with a smaller diamond search pattern. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is faster than other suboptimal block matching algorithms while it maintains lower average block distortion.


This article examines a wrong argument in a seminal physics paper published 114 years ago: Einstein's paper on the electrodynamics of moving objects. Although the argument in question is not determinant for the main conclusions of the paper (thanks to the prevalence of Lorentz transformation also deduced in the same paper), it contains several basic and significant errors that have remained undetected to this day. Those errors are consequences of a misinterpretation of the Principle of Relativity, surprisingly the same misinterpretation one can find in some naif critiques of special relativity. Considering the relevance of the paper and of its author, and the importance of the errors, there is no alternative but to make them public.


DISEASES affecting the facial nerve present problems to physicians in all branches of medicine. Information on the facial nerve is scattered throughout the textbooks and journals of many specialtie...


in English: Cloud learning is becoming more and more popular in the first decade of the 21 st century. It opens up great potentials for both collaborative (Arancibia, Oliva & Paiva, 2014; Mavroudi & Hadzilacos, 2013) and individualized (Chen, Ma, Liu, Jia, Ran & Wang, 2013) teaching methods to be applied in the instructional designs. However, the choice between these two approaches should not be haphazard but made in view of their appropriateness and effectiveness in reaching particular learning outcomes. Unfortunately, comparative research about collaborative vs. individual learning in a cloud-based environment is still in its infancy. The present paper is based on a pedagogical experiment, which aimed to establish the specific effect of collaborative and individualized cloud-based instruction in a pre-test, immediate-post test, and delayed post test experimental design. The participants were 98 college students enrolled in the Department of Math and Sciences at Plovdiv University, Bulgaria. There were 54 participants in the collaborative condition and 44 in the individualized condition. The pedagogical experiment included 3 tests, namely pre-test, immediate post-test, and a delayed post-test. All tests required the writing of a 100-word summary based on a short article. In creating the testing instruments all measures were taken to ascertain their reliability and validity. The data was process through 6 paired t-test comparisons, 3 for the collaborative group and 3 for the individualized group. The results revealed that in both groups the cloud-based instructional method produced significant improvement in the participants' summary writing skill both in immediate and delayed testing (p < .05 for all 6 tests). This improvement was sustained over time as the delayed test scores for both groups were significantly higher than the immediate post-test scores. However, the improvement from the pre-test to the two post-tests was of higher magnitude in the collaborative group than in the individualized group as evidenced by the higher effect size values of Cohen's d (Cohen, 1988). These findings suggest that cloud-based learning may be more effective when done in teams than when done individually. However, they need to be confirmed by replications of the experiment with different types of cloud-based learning tasks.


T tHE problems of Palestine have claimed such a large share of the headlines for the last thirty years that the average newspaper reader may well think that the name of the country stands for one of the historic political divisions of the world. It is seldom realized that the area now marked on our maps as 'Palestine' represents only one of the many local settlements which ultimately resulted from the tortuous proceedings of the Paris Peace Conference in I919. The frontiers then drawn for this small territorywere unknown to history and false to geography. In the thousands of years which separate the age of Moses from our own time the 'Palestine' of our present maps had never formed a single political or administrative unit. In particular, the River Jordan had never formed a frontier until the map-makers of the Peace Conference decided that it would make a convenient administrative division between two of the new 'mandated' areas from a point four miles south of Lake Tiberias to the Dead Sea. That being so, it is not surprising that in this, as in many other cases, the maps resulting from the peace settlement of Paris are now little more than historical documents. When King Abdullah recently announced that in future the official title of his realm would be 'The Hashimite Kingdom of the Jordan' he was in effect notifying the world that the river had ceased to be a frontier. How far this assumption was justified depends upon factors which are yet uncertain. Palestine is in fact 'partitioned', but the existing division is wholly different from any of the schemes which have been propounded by various commissions. The lines which separate Arab and Jewish territory are merely those of an armistice and are necessarily precarious, but for the purpose of this article they must be taken as they stand at the time of writing (July I949). Although precision is impossible, since no authoritative large-scale maps are available, the lines are approximately those shown in the sketch map on p. 4I6. From this it will be seen that in the northern section, from the Lebanese frontier to the Lake of Tiberias, the river now forms a boundary. South of Lake Tiberias the river again forms a boundary between the Jewish and Arab forces for about fifteen miles down to a point east of Beisan. From this point to the Dead Sea the whole of both banks is held by King Abdullah's forces, who also occupy about half of the western shore of the Dead Sea. The 'bulge' west of the river now held by the Arab Legion amounts to about half of the whole area between the Lebanese border and the Negeb, except for a narrow wedge which gives the Jews a corridor


The process of specializing a specification is called refinement. This concept is, e.g., frequently used in model-driven software development, where the process of development starts with an abstract model, which is refined in later design phases. If the final system should be runnable on a computer, this refinement process is continued until a concrete system, also called implementation, is reached. Abstraction, a technique to tackle the state explosion problem that occurs in model checking, is dual to refinement. Here, the model of a program is abstracted by combining program states and reducing their absolute number. We compare settings that can be used for refinement and abstraction (shortly called refinement settings) with respect to their relative expressive power. We present several approaches that can be taken, discussing their possible applications. We also present some results of comparisons between existing refinement settings. We concentrate on a reactive setting with labeled transition systems as implementations and consider various refinement settings based on them, including (disjunctive) modal and mixed transition systems [2, 3, 7, 8] as well as μand modal automata (without fairness) [6, 4]. Work presented here and the mentioned future work are planned to constitute part of my PhD thesis.


Abstract Nowadays, theglobal navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning techniques based on the International GNSS Service (IGS) products are extensively used for various precise applications. However, specific conditions such as the dual-frequency observations and the final IGS products are required. Consequently, the absence of the final IGS data and using single-frequency observations will degrade these techniques' accuracy. In this paper, two algorithms through two separated stages are formulated for improving the single-frequency GNSS observations by using one GNSS receiver based on the broadcast ephemerides in real time or close to real time. The first algorithm represents the preparation stage for the second one. It classifies the observations by separating the optimal values of position dilution of precision (PDOP) and the number of satellites (NOS), as well as the corresponding values of coordinates. The second stage includes an algorithm based on the artificial neural network (ANN) approach, which is set at the ANN variables that produce the best precision through the applied tests at the present study. Binary numbers, log sigmoid-Purelin, cascade forward net, and one hidden layer with a size of 10 neurons are the optimal variables of ANN inputs format, transfer functions constellations, feedforward net type, and the number of hidden layers (NHL) and its size, respectively. The simulation results show that the designed algorithms produce a significant improvement in the horizontal and vertical components. Lastly, an evaluation stage is performed in the case of dual-frequency observations by using broadcast ephemerides. The simulation outputs indicate that the precision at applying the proposed integration is completely enhanced compared with the outputs of IGS final data.


The aim of the article is to estimate factors which influence the main demographic indicators in the regions of Russia (life expectancy, mortality, migration, stability of family and marriage relations). The research was done by means of mathematical methods and models (regression analysis of panel data). Federal State Statistic Service data "Regions of Russia" and "Health care in Russia" were used as database. Indicators of 80 Russian subjects (without autonomous areas) in the period 2009-2013 were presented in the form of the database which included the following blocks: medico-demographic situation, level of economic development of the territory and wellbeing of the population, development of social infrastructure, ecological and climate conditions, scientific researches and innovations. We used about 70 indicators characterizing various aspects of regional development. It is found out that regressive model with fixed effects controlling for panel data allowed to receive relevant model that could be used for estimation of the main demographic indicators of the Russian regions depending on social and economic development and social stress factors. Results of an integral criterion allow to reveal the ways to preserve human potential and improve the population life quality on the regional level.


A modified electromagnetic beam technique is derived analytically from the asymptotic field expressions for the quasi-optical, millimeter-wave, plane polarized Laguerre-Gaussian modes of arbitrary order. The method makes use of the paraxial-wave formulas only, yet it accurately gives the full electric field vector at any point far beyond the conventional Gaussian beam regime. The technique is assessed numerically against the exact Green's function results. >


Decisive evidence is emerging that population and reproductive health matter considerably to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This statement is a major departure from academic thinking over the past two decades, and a brief review of the successive viewpoints of economists and demographers regarding the relationship between population and economic well-being offers a good starting point for understanding the continued relevance of the Programme of Action adopted by the International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo, Egypt in 1994.


In RNA interference (RNAi), small-interfering (si)RNAs processed from double-stranded RNA guide ARGONAUTE(AGO) proteins to silence sequence-complementary RNA/DNA. Plant RNAi can propagate locally and systemically, but despite recent mechanistic advances, basic questions/hurdles remain unaddressed. For instance, RNAi is inferred to diffuse through plasmodesmata, yet how its dynamics in planta compares with that of established symplastic-diffusion markers remains unknown. Also unknown is why select siRNA species, or size-classes thereof, are recovered in RNAi-recipient tissues, yet only under some experimental settings. Finally, RNAi shootward movement in micro-grafted Arabidopsis – necessary to study its presumptive transgenerational effects– has not been achieved thus far and endogenous functions of mobile RNAi remain scarcely documented. Focusing on non-amplified RNAi in Arabidopsis, we show here that (i) transgenic RNAi-movement, although symplasmic, only partially recapitulates the diffusion pattern of free GFP in planta, (ii) the presence/absence of specific AGOs in incipient/traversed/recipient tissues likely explains the apparent siRNA-selectivity observed during vascular movement, (iii) stress application allows endo-siRNA translocation against the shoot-to-root phloem flow, and (iv) mobile endo-siRNAs generated from a single inverted-repeat(IR) locus, have the potential to regulate hundreds of transcripts. Our results close important knowledge-gaps, rationalize previously-noted inconsistencies between mobile RNAi settings, and provide a framework for functional endo-siRNA studies.


The paper considers the transformation of social guarantees by the example of statutory subsistence minimum in theRepublicofSakha(Yakutia). It was revealed that the rate of decline subsistence minimum compared to climatically the less severe territories contributed to the aggravation of problems of social security. The structure of dynamics of the purchasing power of the population's wages, both at the level of municipalities and for the main economic activities, shows social vulnerability of a person with the increase in climate discomfort that causes a decline in living standards and an increase in the migration mobility of the population.


This paper reports male pseudohermaphroditism identified macroscopically and microscopically in a female Akkaraman breed lamb at 4 months of age. Visual examination of the external genitalia in the lamb showed to be female with vulva. But the lamb had testes and epididymis like structure as internal genital organs. At histological examination normal vulval tissue was seen. At testicular tissue the immature seminiferous tubules were occupied only by Sertoli cells and primitive gamet like cells. The microscopic appearance of epididymis showed; cyctic tubule like structures with primitive and degenerative gamet like cells.


Evidence Based Practice (EBP) encourages health professionals to consider not only the patient history and test results, but also to investigate the latest treatments, research, and available medications.1 Librarians often teach EBP classes within health professional programs. In 2013, Jonathan Eldredge discussed the importance of adapting content and activities in EBP classes to fit into the fastpaced health professionals curricula.2 In 2015, a Minnesota Medicine article discussed the incorporation of tablets, phones, and electronic devices into the daily routine and practice of health professionals.3 During orientation for many first year health professional programs, students begin working with the Electronic Health Record, Simulation Centers, Clinical Applications (Clinical Apps), and other technology used by currently practicing health professionals. When teaching EBP classes, the trend is to teach basic skills but not incorporate Clinical Apps into activities. If the content of EBP classes was revised to include Clinical Apps and other skills immediately relevant to health professional programs, students would be better prepared for clinical years of study. Results indicate that some incorporation of Clinical Apps is starting to occur within EBP classes.


The subject of this article is the dark or "shadow" side of working with dying and bereaved people in hospice and palliative care services, and the interplay of complex personal, professional, and organizational issues that can influence both the quality of patient care and the well-being of staff. Examples of how support needs have been identified and managed are drawn from the author's extensive experience as a social worker, educator, and consultant. It is argued that current understandings of staff stress lack insight into the dark side of hospice care and fail to appreciate the depth of emotional anguish that repeated exposure to human suffering can bring.


OF THE DISSERTATION Evolution and Systematics of the Angiosperm Order Gentianales with an In-depth Focus on Loganiaceae and its Species-rich and Toxic Genus Strychnos by CYNTHIA L. FRASIER Dissertation Director: Dr. Lena Struwe The Gentianales includes five families known for their horticultural value and medicinal effects: Apocynaceae (milkweeds and rosy periwinkle), Gelsemiaceae (Carolina jessamine), Gentianaceae (gentians), Loganiaceae (strychnine plants), and Rubiaceae (coffee and quinine). They are a monophyletic assemblage, but the relationships between the families have been uncertain. The Loganiaceae are a mostly pantropical group with a few members reaching into temperate North America and Australia. This family includes 15 genera that have been divided into four tribes, one of which, Strychneae, was paraphyletic in previous analyses based on chloroplast and morphological data. Strychnos is the largest genus in Loganiaceae with approximately 200 species distributed throughout the tropics. This genus is well-known for its alkaloid production, in particular that of strychnine. Although strychnine has been popularized for its potential nefarious uses, many Strychnos species have been lauded for their medicinal properties conferred


OPHTHALMOLOGISTS have used nonspecific foreign protein therapy for years in the treatment of a variety of ocular lesions. As previously reported, 1 it was our belief that the benefit derived from this form of therapy could be attributed in part to the release of endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone with an acceleration of mechanisms normally evoked in stress states. It has been shown by Sayers and Sayers 2 that both heat and killed typhoid organisms, among many factors, produce changes in the adrenal cortex of the experimental animal which are characteristic of the general response to stress. The same type of changes can be produced by the injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Talbot 3 and Venning 4 and their associates and others have shown a significant increase in the urinary excretion of 11-oxysteroids and 17-ketosteroids following a variety of stress states, such as trauma and surgical procedures. Forsham, 5 Mason, 6 and Sprague and associates 7 and others have


Objective:To evaluate the role of receptor tyrosine kinase RON in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),we observed the expression and distribution of RON in the lung tissue of people suffering from COPD.Methods:The lung tissue samples were obtained from 20 COPD patients and 25 controls with operation because of lung cancer in North Sichuan Medi-cal College Affiliated Hospital from May 2013 to December 2013.The expression and distribution of RON protein in the lung tissue of each group was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results:The levels of RON protein in the bronchus region and alveolar region of the lung from the COPD patients were outstandingly higher than those of the control(P <0.05 ),and the expression of RON protein in COPD patients bronchus region was more than the alveolar region.Conclusion:The expression of RON protein in lung tissue of the pa-tients with COPD is stronger.The expression levels of RON protein in lung tissue of the COPD patients are related to the severity of air-flow limitation.


This paper took Weigan-Kuqa River Basin as the study area in the arid northwest China.Firstly,the basin was divided into five sub-watersheds by using the Arc GIS hydrological analysis module and DEM data.Secondly,remote sensing Landsat TM images at the same phase were selected in 1998 and 2011 as the main data and land use was classified by using support vector machine(SVM) method.Thirdly,the classification results were converted into the grid format and then Fragstats software was used to calculate landscape indices of the whole basin and its five sub-watersheds,and on this basis the landscape pattern changes were analyzed.The results showed that the areas of landscape types of five sub-watersheds were very different,grassland landscape accounted for a larger proportion in the sub-watershed A and D,while mountains and barren land in subwatershed B,and sandy landscape in the sub-watershed C and E;in the past 13 years,land use type of transformation mainly occurred among the cultivated land,forest land and grassland.The number of plaques,landscape fragmentation and edge density of sub-watershed B,C,E increased faster than sub-watershed A and D,it suggested that the impact of human activities on the landscape pattern of the core oasis is lower than on the oasis-desert Ecotone.


This volume addresses general community paratransit services in small cities and metropolitan areas, with the latter separated into suburban and inner city areas. Systems designed for neighborhood/community circulation and those designed to be integrated with existing line haul transit are both addressed. Within these contexts, included are a range of service options, like dial-a-ride/shared-ride taxi, route and point deviation, checkpoint services, jitney, and intra-community "flexible" fixed route services. The report also looks at factors which may influence the future direction for general community paratransit. Some of these topics include energy availability and cost, reductions in transit subsidies, migratory and development patterns, and technological advances.


This paper presents a combination Bayesian/Item Response Theory procedure for pooling performance on a particular objective with information about an examinee's overall test performance in order to produce more stable objective scores. The procedure, including the calculation of a posterior distribution, is described. A split-half cross validation study finds that a credibility interval based on the posterior distribution is sufficiently accurate to be useful for scoring reports for teachers.


Attribute reduction from decision tables is one of the crucial topics in data mining. This problem belongs to NP-hard and many approximation algorithms based on the filter or the filter-wrapper approaches have been designed to find the reducts. Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) has been regarded as the effective tool to deal with such the problem by adding two degrees, namely the membership and non-membership for each data element. The separation of attributes in the view of two counterparts as in the IFS set would increase the quality of classification and reduce the reducts. From this motivation, this paper proposes a new filter-wrapper algorithm based on the IFS for attribute reduction from decision tables. The contributions include a new instituitionistics fuzzy distance between partitions accompanied with theoretical analysis. The filter-wrapper algorithm is designed based on that distance with the new stopping condition based on the concept of delta-equality. Experiments are conducted on the benchmark UCI machine learning repository datasets.


The structure of the lattice 𝗟𝗕 of varieties of idempotent semigroups or bands (as universal algebras) was determined by Birjukov, Fennemore and Gerhard. Wis- math determined the structure of a related lattice: the lattice LBM of varieties of band monoids. In the first two parts we study several questions about these varieties.

In Part I we compute the cardinalities of the Green classes of the free objects in each variety of 𝗟𝗕 [𝗟𝗕𝗠]. These cardinalities constitute a useful piece of information in the study of several questions about these varieties and some of the conclusions obtained here are used in parts II and III.

Part II concerns expansions of bands [band monoids]. More precisely, we compute here the cut-down to generators of the Rhodes expansions of the free objects in the varieties of 𝗟𝗕. We define Rhodes expansion of a monoid, its cut-down to generators and we compute the cut-down to generators of the Rhodes expansions of the free objects in the varieties of 𝗟𝗕𝗠.

In Part III we deal with Eilenberg varieties of band monoids. The last chapter is particularly concerned with the description of the varieties of languages corresponding to these varieties.


Fernando Pessoa (1888-1935) is widely regarded as Portugal's greatest poet, but in this groundbreaking new study, Irene Ramalho Santos places him in a transatlantic literary context, revealing the rich interconnections between his work and that of Anglo-American modernists ranging from Whitman to Crane and Rich. In the process, she reveals Pessoa himself to be a major figure of the modernist--and transatlantic--tradition. Pessoa's own poetry, little of which was published during his lifetime, was marked by his extensive use of guises and personae, "heteronyms" that the poet invented and adopted. Santos argues not only that such Anglo-American poets as Whitman, Dickinson, Eliot, Pound, Crane, and Stevens can shed light on Pessoa's work, but also that Pessoa's poetry offers reciprocal insights into the work of these modernists. She applies a range of Pessoa-derived concepts (Disquietude, Atlanticism, and others) to shed new light on the concerns and characteristics of Anglo-American modernist poetry, and shows that this tradition can no longer be viewed in cultural isolation, but instead must be considered within the context of the intellectual and artistic ferment of the Atlantic world.


MY object is to comment upon what seem to me to be some typical trends in current English and American political theory, having in mind the view that has recently been constantly asserted, that political theory has been in decline or may even have expired during the last few decades.e I will argue that the report of death, even of decline, is grossly exaggerated, that in fact the present period is unusually fertile in thinking about politics that is not only original and important, but is also, at any rate in many signi6cant respects, entirely in the traditions of 'classical' political theory. That is one half of my thesis; the other half is that during the past few years some very important shifts in interest, approach, and emphasis have certainly occurred; and I shall make some suggestions about the character of these shifts, and the reasons for them. Unfortunately, those who have. been announcing the decay or death of classical political theory have as a rule taken less trouble to establish the fact of death or decay than to assert its causes. I do not know what kind or amount of evidence is necessary to prove that political theory has declined in volume or quality, but the assertion does not seem to be very plausible on its face. For one thing, changes of this somewhat radical kind do not occur quite so dramatically as this one is sometimes supposed to have occurred. Or, again, if we call to mind the very large number of books that have dealt quite recently with such central problems as the nature and conditions of democracy, the group theory of political action and structure, and the theory of bureaucracy, one might have thought that there has never been a time when so much theoretical.(speculation about politics has


Abstract:  Adjuvant treatment of T1N0 breast cancer (BC) has evolved in recent years with chemotherapy options dependent on tumor size and cellular characteristics. Our goal is to describe the difference in outcome between T1N0 triple negative (TriNeg) and estrogen/progesterone receptor positive/her2/neu‐negative BC. From our institute's registry, we identified primary BC patients diagnosed from 1998 to 2005, estrogen/progesterone receptor negative (ER−/PR−)/her‐2/neu negative (her2−) (TriNeg = 110) and ER+/PR+/her2− (HR+/her2− = 919). Clinical diagnosis and treatment variables were chart abstracted. Vital and disease status were updated annually. Pearson chi‐squared tests were used for bivariate analysis. Hazard ratios were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Average patient age was 59 years, range 23–93 years and average length of follow‐up was 4.22 years. T‐stage distribution for HR+/her2− patients was 9% T1a (>0.1, ≤0.5 cm), 34% T1b (>0.5 cm, ≤1 cm), 57% T1c (>1 cm, ≤2 cm) and for TriNeg, 6% T1a, 21% T1b, and 73% T1c. Sixty‐five per cent of T1b and 73% T1c TriNeg patients received chemotherapy versus 7% of T1b and 32% of T1c HR+/her2− patients with TriNeg patients more likely to receive doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel combined therapy. Recurrence rates were the following, T1b: 8.7%, TriNeg (2/23) versus 0%, HR+/her2− (0/315) and T1c: 8.8%, TriNeg (7/80) versus 2.1%, HR+/her2− (11/523). Five year relapse‐free survival was 98% in the HR+/her2− group and 89% in the TriNeg group (log rank test = 27.77, p < 0.001). The hazard ratio for recurrence in the TriNeg group was 6.57 (95% CI = 2.34, 18.49) adjusted for age, tumor size, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Triple negative T1N0 patients have greater recurrence risk in spite of more aggressive therapy by both number treated and adjuvant chemotherapy type even in a low‐risk category. New treatment modalities specific for triple negative disease are urgently needed.


A magnetic vortex wall motion driven by propagating spin waves in a nanostrip is investigated by means of micromagnetic simulation. Propagating spin waves can drive a vortex wall into a stream motion in spite of its complex internal spin structure. Compared to the transverse wall, the vortex wall moves faster and its velocity is less sensitive to the spin wave frequency. The amplitude of spin waves changes when passing through the domain wall, closely related to the domain wall velocity. This domain-wall-type-specific study provides important information for developing the theory of the interaction between domain wall and spin waves.


When opened by depolarization,l-type calcium channels are rapidly inactivated by the elevation of Ca2+ concentration on the cytoplasmic side. Recent studies have shown that the interaction of calmodulin with the proximal part of the cytoplasmic C-terminal tail of the channel plays a prominent role in this modulation. Two motifs interacting with calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner have been described: the IQ sequence and more recently the neighboring CB sequence. Here, using synthetic peptides and fusion proteins derived from the Cav1.2 channel combined with biochemical techniques, we show that these two peptides are the only motifs of the cytoplasmic tail susceptible to interact with calmodulin. We determined the K d of the CB interaction with calmodulin to be 12 nm, i.e. below the K d of IQ-calmodulin, thereby precluding a competitive displacement of CB by IQ in the presence of Ca2+. In place, we demonstrated that a ternary complex is formed at high Ca2+ concentration, provided that calmodulin and the peptides are initially allowed to interact at a low Ca2+ concentration. These results provide evidence that CB and IQ motifs interacting together with calmodulin constitute a minimal molecular switch leading to Ca2+-induced inactivation. In addition, we suggest that they could also be the tethering site of calmodulin.


Objective To study the effect of ACEI on Ca 2+ pump actiivity and density of Ca 2+ release channel(RyR 2) of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) in prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure.Methods After the model of chronic heart failure was established with ligation of left coronary artery in rats,the animals were treated with Perindopril.Then hemodynamic parameters,activity of SR Ca 2+ pump, B max and K d of [ 3H]-ryanodine binding to RyR 2 were determined.Results Compared with the control group (group C),LVEDP in the heart failure group (group F)increased(P0 01),while +dp/dt max and -dp/dt max decreased significantly(P0 01).LVEDP was lower but +dp/dt max and dp/dt max significantly higher in the Perindopril treated group (group P)than those in group F(P0 01).The activity of SR Ca 2+ pump, B max of [ 3H]-ryanodine binding to RyR 2 in group F were lower than those in group C(P0 01),and in group P(P0 01).There were no significant difference of K d among the three groups(P0 05).The activity of SR Ca 2+ pump was strongly correlated with +dp/dt max and -dp/dt max respectively(r=0 5161,0 6172,P0 01)).Conclusion Perindopril can improve the Ca 2+ pump activity and density of RyR 2 of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) in prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure, thus contributing to the improvement of myocardial function and myocardial protection.


A new algorithm for designing the layout of rectilinear branched distribution networks is presented in this paper. The algorithm uses a binary solution-coding scheme that is similar to the type commonly used in genetic algorithms but employs two new operators, recombination and perturbation, instead of the common genetic algorithm operators of crossover and mutation; which, in the case of the layout design of rectilinear branched networks, generate infeasible solutions at an unacceptably high rate. An architecture based on evolution strategy is used to exploit the unique characteristics of the new operators. The method is demonstrated on a small problem and compared with a technique based on heuristics. Demonstration of the algorithm through its application to an example problem, and comparison of the results with those obtained from an established heuristic procedure indicate that the evolution program is able to generate better solutions than the heuristic technique.


Circular dichroism (CD) arises from differential absorption of
right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized light by
chiral molecules. In nucleic acids there are three sources of
chirality. First is the asymmetric sugar; this chirality causes
monomeric nucleosides to exhibit CD. The second source is the
helicity of the secondary structures adopted by nucleic acids.
The third source of CD results from long-range tertiary
ordering of DNA in some environments. CD of monomeric
constituents of nucleic acids and short single-stranded
fragments were described previously. The theory of CD is
well-developed and complex. Nevertheless, the use of CD
spectroscopy to elucidate nucleic acid secondary structure is
mainly based on empirical grounds. Conventional CD spectroscopy
operates within the spectral range of about 200 nm to 320 nm.
For these measurements, conventional spectrometers are used. CD
spectroscopy is even more sensitive and informative in the far
UV region below 200 nm, but these measurements are difficult to
perform and the specialized instruments required are expensive.
CD spectra of nucleic acids can also be measured in the
infrared region, but here the method is much less sensitive. In
this chapter we will focus on CD results obtained in the 200-
to 320-nm range, the range mostly used to study secondary
structures of nucleic acids.


INMETRO, KRISS, METAS and VNIIOFI carried out the supplementary comparison on Polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber (PMD). The aim of this comparison is to examine the equivalence of the PMD values for fiber optics among participating laboratories. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


Robustness to adversarial attack is typically evaluated with adversarial accuracy. This metric is however too coarse to properly capture all robustness properties of machine learning models. Many defenses, when evaluated against a strong attack, do not provide accuracy improvements while still con-tributing partially to adversarial robustness. Popular certification methods suffer from the same issue, as they provide a lower bound to accuracy. To capture finer robustness properties we propose a new metric for L 2 robustness, adversarial angular sparsity , which partially answers the question "how many adversarial examples are there around an in-put". We demonstrate its usefulness by evaluating both "strong" and "weak" defenses. We show that some state-of-the-art defenses, delivering very similar accuracy, can have very different sparsity on the inputs that they are not robust on. We also show that some weak defenses actually decrease robustness, while others strengthen it in a measure that accuracy cannot capture. These differences are predictive of how useful such defenses can become when combined with adversarial training.


As the Photovoltaic system market increases, various technologies are emerging to improve system operation efficiency. Such additional systems of the power generation system are generally referred to as 'Balance of System', for example a panel cooling, a panel cleaning and a panel angle adjusting apparatus. In this paper, we discuss an algorithm to calculate the target temperature of cooling in response to changes in the installation environment conditions of the power generation system so that the efficiency improvement rate target set by the user can be achieved with respect to the control method of the cooling water injection system among various panel cooling apparatuses. In order to calculate the target temperature of cooling, the output enhancement coefficient is calculated experimentally based on the temperature change according to the solar radiation condition of the PV panel, and the required reduction temperature of each irradiation condition is calculated considering the efficiency improvement rate. In addition, the efficiency improvement ratio is calculated considering the installation condition of the general power generation system without a separate control group. The thermal performance coefficient of the PV panel test body for calculating the expected temperature of the PV panel is calculated experimentally. The target temperature of cooling is calculated as the sum of the expected temperature of the PV panel and the required reduction temperature, and the injection system that tracks the target temperature by cooling water injection is constructed and compared with the power generation improvement rate and the user setting efficiency improvement rate.


We present a method for joint optimization of transmitter in-phase, quadrature and interpolarization time skew, amplitude mismatch, and bias voltages. The method is based on a cooperative coevolutionary genetic algorithm with fitness functions extracted from a directly detected reference quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal generated at the transmitter. As a calibration method, it is able to find the values that will statically generate the best possible constellation. To the extent of the simulation investigations conducted, the algorithm is capable to calibrate time skews, bias voltages, IQ phase imbalances, and relative amplitude imbalances with standard deviation of residual error as low as 0.24 ps, 0.019 V, 0.56°, and 0.003, respectively, for a dual-polarization IQ modulator with $V_{\pi } = \text{4}\,\text{V}$ and a 16-QAM reference signal operating at 16 GBd. An experimental demonstration is also reported.


Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy which is a life threatening disease among young premenopausal women affecting their sexuality, femininity, body image, and maternal issues following mastectomy may lead the women to face psychiatric co-morbidity.Methods: The data was collected from hospital records, patients documents and annual reports which were verified with respective authorities. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 and was considered statistically significant at p-value ? 0.05. The adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence Interval (CI) was also estimated.Results: The risk of developing breast cancer differed significantly by ABO blood type in each of the two cohorts (p = 0.97) and this association between blood group and breast cancer risk was highly similar between the two independent populations. The adjusted risks of breast cancer associated with blood groups A, B, and AB were insignificant with risk factors for the disease. The association between ABO blood group and the subsequent risk of breast cancer was not modified to a statistically significant extent by age, BMI, age at menarche, menopausal status, marital status and smoking status.Conclusion: The association between blood group and breast cancer risk was insignificant and is still controversial. Further studies are necessary to identify the mechanisms by which ABO blood type may influence the risk of breast cancer.


The main purpose of this article is to address the different aspects on the liability that the employer's activity entails, specifically those related to the work accident or disease generation. Some of these responsibilities are usually transferred to a third party by means of contributions payment, destined to organizations of administrative, penal and civil nature. The analysis will be focused on civil responsibility derivative of employers fault, this is, subjective fault derivative of employer action or omission that brings the work accident or disease generation, verifying the aspects generating the liability, as well as the legal and economic consequences that can arise from this.


This paper has two components. Firstly it evaluates a set of data for the apple-growing soils of the Batlow district. Secondly it makes some comments on the use of silver thiourea for the determination of exchangeable Al and Mn and the estimation of exchangeable Al by titration of 1 M KCl suspensions. A group of 21 profiles from soils used for apple-growing in the Batlow District were examined in the laboratory. It was found that many of the soils were very acidic, especially in the subsoil. Dilute CaCl2 extracted as much as 50 µg g-1 of Al and considerable exchangeable Al was extracted by silver thiourea. Exchangeable Ca levels were usually adequate for plant growth, hence low levels in apple fruit may reflect the adverse effect of Al on Ca uptake by the plant. Potassium levels were low and may be marginal in some cases and Mg tended to be low in the surface. Principal component analysis showed 77% of the variation in the data was accounted for by three independent components, one involving pH, exchangeable Ca and Al, one involving K and Mg and one involving exchangeable Mn. It was demonstrated that silver thiourea does not replace Al as effectively as the basic exchangeable cations. Also, thiourea reduces Mn so that low values will be obtained for exchangeable Al in soils with much easily reducible Mn because of the increase in pH that accompanies reduction. Silver thiourea appears to overestimate exchangeable Al in some soils with very low cation exchange capacity. Titration of clay suspensions in 1 M KCl is a satisfactory and reliable way of measuring exchangeable Al that also enables an assessment of pH-dependent charge. The method used by the USDA Soil Survey Staff, viz. equilibration of soil samples with 1 M KCl for 16 h, filtration, and determination of Al also gives reproducible results and is taken as the standard. Successive leaching with portions of 1 M KCl tends to give low values for exchangeable Al.


Objective To study the invasion characteristic of gastric cancer between Wei people and Han people in Kashi, Xinjiang. Method Retrospective analysis of 443 definite gastric cases by electronic gastroscopy histopathology. Result The positive rate of Wei people and Han people were 12.76 % and 3.58 %, which has significant difference after χ2 test(P 0.005); Male female ratio is about 4.32 : 1 among Wei people and 3.38 : 1 among Han people; Onset age of Wei people is between 55.55±11.04 years old, and Han people 57.68±11.51; Wei people are almost between 51-60 years old, and Han people 61-70; Peak of onset age of Wei people is earlier than that of Han people. Among extensive cancer cases over two infiltration carcinoma, the ratio between Wei and Han people is 21.37 % and 9.38 % with significant difference (P0.025); Proportion of gastric fundus and cardia cancer cases were 58.46 % and 37.97 % in Wei and Han people with significant difference (P 0.005). Proportion of peasant cases in Wei and Han people were 90.31 % and 41.31 %(P 0.005). Conclusion In Kashi, Xinjiang Wei people are prone to have gastric cancer, and prone to have fundus and cardia cancer than Han people. Peak of onset age of Wei people is earlier. Countryside work is the emphasis of prevention and cure of gastric cancer.