A novel method of designing the frequency selective surface (FSS) based on spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) modes is proposed and demonstrated. The high-efficiency transmission and a stopband with a steep falling edge can be mediated by the SSPP modes below and above the cutoff frequency, respectively. So the prolific filtering performances can be customized by integrating with the traditional FSSs. As examples, the two kinds of FSSs were designed and demonstrated by simulations and experiments. A bandstop FSS with the suppression level more than 28 dB is first realized in the frequency region of 9.0–14.7 GHz with the steep rising and falling edges. Then, a dual bandpass FSS is designed by sandwiching the SSPP structure array between the two layers of traditional FSSs. It is indicated that the designed FSS shows two passbands in the frequency ranges of 4.2–4.3 GHz and 8.7–10.3 GHz, and the insert loss is less than 0.5 dB.


Abstract In this paper, a cumulative sum based statistical method is used to detect faults in the Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP). The methodology is focused on three particular faults that could not be observed with other fault detection methodologies previously reported. Hotelling's- T 2 charting based on the cumulative sums of the faults' relevant variables was successful in detecting these faults, however, with significant delay. The speed of detection is further enhanced by retuning the fault's relevant controller at the expense of closed loop performance.


N-Trifluoroacetyl-n-butyl ester derivatives of deuterium-labelled valine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylulanine were analysed by the isotope dilution technique and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Selected ion retrieval and peak-area integration were applied. The conditions adopted gave good separations with a short experimental time and high intensity. Ratios of the total isotopic abundance and metabolic kinetic curves were obtained. The regression coefficient of the standard dilution curve was 0.99 and the relative standard deviation was 0.3%. The stabilities of the amino acid derivatives were also tested.


The pre-implantation period of mammalian development includes the formation of the zygote,the activation of the embryonic genome(EGA),and the beginning of cellular differentiation.During this period,the maternal control of development is succeeded by zygotic control,and the formation of a chromatin-mediated transcriptionally repressive state is beginning.For relieving this repressiveness,the embryonic genome is activated.The characterization of zygotic mRNA expression patterns during the pre-implantation period and their relationship tosuccessful development in vitro and in vivo will be essential for defining optimized culture conditions and nuclear transfer protocols.


Human RNASET2 is a T2‐RNase glycoprotein encoded by the RNASET2 gene, which is located on chromosome 6 (6q27). Deletion in 6q27 is associated with several human malignancies.


The ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been recommended as the initial step in cardiovascular risk assessment. The sensitivity of this tool to detect those who will develop ASCVD within 10-years, while considering age and sex groups, has not been extensively studied.

 Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) we evaluated a community-based cohort of consecutive patients that sought primary care in Olmsted County, MN, between the years 1998–2000 and were followed up through March 1st 2016. Inclusion criteria were ages 40–79 and complete data to calculate the PCE. We excluded those with known ASCVD, atrial fibrillation or heart failure. Criteria were similar to those used to derive the PCE. Events were validated in duplicate and included fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Patient information was ascertained using the record linkage system of the REP. Follow-up was truncated at 10 years. We assessed the ASCVD predicted risk (categorized as low <5%, intermediate 5–9.9%, high 10–19.9%, and very high ≥20% risk) at baseline, in subjects having an ASCVD event within 10-years in the community across age (<65 years) and sex categories. We also categorized ideal cardiovascular health as ≥4 metrics [non-smoker, body mass index <25 kg/m2, and not having of elevated blood pressure (≥130/80 mmHg), LDL cholesterol (>100 mg/dL), or fasting blood glucose (>100 mg/dL), in the absence of a medical diagnosis or treatment].

 We included 30,042 adults, mean ± SD age 48.5±12.2 years, 54% women, with a median follow-up of 16.5±5.3 years. There were 1,555 ASCVD events (5.2%) at 10 years of follow-up. The performance of the PCE was similar to what was described in the original report (0.78 vs 0.79). Overall, among those who suffered an ASCVD, 54% of women and 41% of men were not high risk as predicted by PCE (Figure 1A). Most women (73%) <65 years of age would had been considered low risk within 10-years before the event, and only 10% would have been considered to be high risks (Figure 1B). Nonetheless, women <65 years who had an ASCVD event and low 10-year predicted ASCVD risk by PCE were less likely to have ideal cardiovascular health [55 (0.40%) vs 3884 (28.39%), p-value<0.0001], when compared to women in the low risk category without an event.

 The PCE fails to identify most women who will develop an ASCVD event, particularly women <65 years of age. These results underscore the importance of using additional information when estimating ASCVD risk among women and the need for better cardiovascular risk prediction tools.
 Figure 1

 Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Mayo Clinic


Requirements Engineering (RE) is one of the serious issues for software construction. In the scientific literature we can find several reasons of this affirmation, is spite of this, most of the development process of new software crash due to wrong requirements phase. Several proposals exist for requirements modelling, analysis and elicitation in Software Engineering (SE), however the current market is focusing on the development of Web and mobile applications, specially using Model-Driven methods, this is the reason why we consider it necessary to know the techniques and tools for requirements modelling, analysis and elicitation applied in Model-Driven Web Engineering in order to know their gaps and current trends to propose new solutions. To do this, the most important methods were selected outside the academic area such as NDT, UWE and WebML. A total of 63 publications from ACM, IEEE, Science Direct, DBLP and World Wide Web had been reviewed.


As sharing the geographical indication(GI) as the public brand,credit of one corporate brand will directly affect its profits,the supervision of other companies can bring supervision benefits,which constitute the clusters' self-dynamic mechanism,and trade associations or other public administrations can make up for the lack of oversight,and some kind of "so cial acquaintance" of business practices or other informal systems can responsible for the implementation of reward and punish ment,which increase the cost of violations of law of the enterprise of GI clusters,thus it can maintain the sustainable develop ment of the clusters.If the enterprises in the cluster fully aware of the brand association and make effective use of mechanisms such as trade associations,the cluster self-discipline achieve,and the self-regulatory system can limit and eliminate the "false" and moral hazard.This paper also provides some reference for exploration of internal management and sustainable de velopment model of all brand industrial clusters.


We present applications of a stochastic changepoint detection model in the context of bubble-like financial markets. A changepoint of a random sequence is an unknown moment of time when its trend changes. The aim is to detect a direction change in a sequence of stock market or other asset index values, while sequentially observing it. A detection rule thus models an exit strategy before a possible market crash. We describe theoretical results and apply them to several stock market bubbles including stock markets in the US in 1929, 1987, 2008, and China in 2015.


Ever since the 3rd Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee,Deng Xiaoping profoundly thought over and scientifically summarized the experience on the legal system construction of the first 30 years after the founding of the PRC,especially the "Ten-year Cultural Revolution". He drew a conclusion that our grandeur practice of reform and open to the outside world and modern socialist construction should be established in the contemporary Chinese practice,creatively utilized the basic viewpoint and method of Marxism's law theory. He put forth a series of important theories and solved some realistic problems on socialism Chinese construction,gradually formed the Deng Xiaoping's socialistic nomocracy thought,which is the outcome under the particular historical condition and possesses particular historical background.


Intraseasonal variations of atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) are numerically studied. With prescribed 40-day-period external heating which moves eastward from 60°E to the dateline in the tropics, intraseasonal oscillations are forced in a numerical model. In accordance with the oscillations, the variations of AAM also show 40-day periods. The phase relationship between the model intraseasonal oscillations and AAM variations is similar to that observed. Further, AAM exhibits the largest variation in the equatorial region, and a phase propagation from equatorial regions to the subtropics, and from high latitudes to the subtropics, as found in the real atmosphere. After careful inspection of these features, it was clarified that the source region for intraseasonal variations of AAM is not the equatorial region, but the subtropics. Also, the equatorial region is an apparent or superficial source region, since AAM is transported from the subtropics, in accordance with the propagation of Rossby wave trains to the subtropics. The phase propagation of AAM from high latitudes to the subtropics can also be explained from the behavior of Rossby wave trains in the midlatitudes radiating from the equatorial region. Thus, Rossby wave trains associated with intraseasonal oscillations play an important role in intraseasonal variations of AAM.


Faith-based substance abuse rehabilitation programs provide residential treatment for many substance abusers. To determine key governing concepts of such programs, we conducted semi-structured interviews with sample of eleven clinical and administrative staff referred to us by program directors at six, Evangelical Christian, faith-based, residential rehabilitation programs representing two large, nationwide networks. Qualitative analysis using grounded theory methods examined how spirituality is incorporated into treatment and elicited key theories of addiction and recovery. Although containing comprehensive secular components, the core activities are strongly rooted in a Christian belief system that informs their understanding of addiction and recovery and drives the treatment format. These governing conceptions, that addiction stems from Lisa K. McCoy is affiliated with the Section of General Internal Medicine, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. John A. Hermos is affiliated with the Section of General Internal Medicine, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine; Section of General Internal Medicine and Substance Abuse Treatment Program, VA Boston Healthcare System; and also the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA. Barbara G. Bokhour is affiliated with the Center for Health Quality, Outcomes, and Economic Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Susan M. Frayne is affiliated with the Section of General Internal Medicine, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University of Medicine; Section of General Internal Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Center for Health Quality, Outcomes, and Economic Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA. Address correspondence to: John A. Hermos, MD, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130 (E-mail: email@example.com). This work was carried out at the Boston University School of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine. Substance Abuse, Vol. 25(3) 2004 Available online at http://www.haworthpress.com/web/SUBA  2004 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1300/J465v25n02_01 1 attempts to fill a spiritual void through substance use and recovery through salvation and a long-term relationship with God, provide an explicit, theory-driven model upon which they base their core treatment activities. Knowledge of these core concepts and practices should be helpful to clinicians in considering referrals to faith-based recovery programs. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: <docdelivery@ haworthpress.com> Website: <http://www.HaworthPress.com>  2004 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All


Two extreme types of fisheries are set up for analysis. In type I natural mortality and recruitment are negligible while fishing is in progress; in type II natural mortality, recruitment and fishing mortality all occur throughout the year at a uniform rate. With either type, the catch per unit effort is proportional to the average population on hand while fishing is in progress. This statistic is less useful than it may appear, because, in cases of type I, recruitment occurs between the fishing seasons, and in cases of type II, the slow process of removal (or replacement) of accumulated stock following a change in fishing effort makes it difficult to determine the significance of any change in catch per unit effort.A more useful statistic is the rate of exploitation (a fish's annual expectation of death by capture). A theoretical relationship between rate of exploitation and gear in use is here developed for type I fisheries, and is shown to apply fairly well to many cases of type II—so that if rate of ex...


A study was conducted on 24 Murrah buffaloes (9 normal and 15 assisted calving) and 21 cross bred Holstein Frisian cows (6 normal and 15 assisted calving) to evaluate two immunomodulatory prophylactic treatments against endometritis. Animals were randomly assigned to three treatment groups i.e. single intrauterine normal saline on 7 days in milk (DIM) (Controls, n=15), double intramuscular cloprostenol on 8 and 9 DIM (Cloprostenol, n=15) and single intrauterine E. coli LPS on 7 DIM (E.coli-LPS, n=15). Diagnosis of endometritis was determined at 35 DI and return to estrus, breeding and conception was monitored until 120 DIM. The incidence of clinical endometritis (CE) was higher in control (40%) compared to clorpostenol (20%) and E. coli LPS (13.3%) groups (P = 0.415). The latter treatment group also exhibited lower bacterial contamination not involving recognized uterine pathogens. Immunostimulatory treatment related protection from CE was better for animals subjected to obstetrical intervention (P = 0.196) and in those without retention of the fetal membranes (P = 0.222). In contrast, more immunostimulated animals (70%) were diagnosed with cytological evidence of inflammation at 35 DIM as compared to controls (40%) (P = 0.415). Majority of study animals had extended open periods attributed to; prolonged anestrous (14.3% cows and 20.8% buffaloes), extended voluntary waiting periods (33.3% cows and 15.8% buffaloes) as well as low fertility on AI (66.7%% cows and 43.75% buffaloes). Frequency of detection in estrus prior to 120 DIM was higher in immunstimulatory treatment groups (86.7% - cloprostenol and 93.3% - E. coli LPS) compared to 66.7% in the control group (P = 0.229). Meanwhile, immunstimulatory treatments did not improve chances of conception by 120 DIM. In conclusion, the application of early puerperal treatment with Cloprotenol or E. coli LPS for prevention of endometritis and sub-fertility was rather limited.


This article considers the issue of using means of mechanization of the most labor-intensive processes of intensive horticulture in Belarus. It has been established that the level of mechanization of the basic technology of cultivating an apple orchard is only 12,5 %, and requires financial resources – 6163 rubles/ha. A set of machines developed by RUE "SPC NAS of Belarus for agricultural mechanization" consists of an ASU-6 unit for harvesting fruits and pruning trees, a KUV-1,8 complex for swathing and chopping cut branches of fruit trees and a technological line LSP-4 for sorting and packing apples allows you to mechanize these processes. The use of the proposed train of machines in a promising garden cultivation technology allows for annual cost savings on the technological map in the amount of 1018,5 rubles/ha, a reduction in labor costs by 278,5 man-hours/ha, and the level of mechanization of garden cultivation – 50,1 %.


To better illuminate structural discontinuities around the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) site, following the previous study of Zhang et al. (2009), we have extended the Generalized Radon Transform (GRT) method to jointly use scattered P and SH waves from abundant local earthquakes recorded by a local dense seismic network. A hybrid imaging condition is applied to extract consistent structures from scattered P and SH images. In this way, more robust structure information can be determined from separate images with potential artifacts. For the transverse component waveforms, coherent S‐S scattered waves after the direct SH waves can be clearly identified, and they are less interfered with by other scattered and converted waves compared to scattered P‐P waves on the vertical component. Similar to Zhang, Wang, et al. (2009), near‐vertical reflectors are imaged on both sides of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) with scattered SH waves, which is generally consistent with the imaging results using scattered P‐P waves from local earthquakes and a wide‐angle active seismic reflection profile. Compared to the P‐P scattering imaging result, the imaging result using scattered SH waves has higher resolution due to shorter S wavelength and cleaner S‐S scattered waveforms, and the SAF, as well as other reflectors around it, is better resolved. Although the resolution of the joint image obtained by combining separate imaging results from different scattered waves may be degraded, it is able to more robustly characterize strong structure discontinuities using passive seismic sources.


This paper presents an adaptive synthetic-focusing scheme for improving the quality of high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) and photoacoustic (PA) images acquired using a 40-MHz, 5-element, annular-array transducer. A 532-nm laser beam was coaxially delivered through an 800-μm hole in the central element of the array. The assembly was raster-scanned to acquire co-registered, 3D HFU and PA image data. Two synthetic-focusing schemes were compared: delay-and-sum (DAS) and DAS-weighted with an inter-channel coherence factor (DAS+CF). Bench-top experiments that employed an 80-μm hair and a tissue-mimicking phantom embedded with 530-μm anechoic spheres were performed to compare the two schemes applied to PA and HFU data, respectively. The DAS+CF scheme increased the SNR by approximately 10 dB for both modalities. The dimension of the hair in DAS-only PA image with a 20-dB dynamic range was approximately twice that in the corresponding DAS+CF image. The DAS-only HFU image of the anechoic phantoms exhibited a depth-dependent contrast ratio (CR) of less than 0.7 beyond the depth of 14 mm (CR = 1 represents a perfect contrast), whereas the CR remained greater than 0.7 in the DAS+CF image. DAS+CF approach also improved visualization of brain ventricles and vasculature in a 12-day old mouse embryo.


The oscillator strengths, transition rates, and branching ratios associated with known and potential laser transitions in trivalent holmium are discussed. Recently reported laser transitions between the5F<inf>5</inf>and5I<inf>5</inf>energy manifolds are found to have an abnormally low average oscillator strength, and an alternative explanation of the laser observation is suggested.


Due to the heavy computation load of closed-loop simulations, optimal control of greenhouse climate is usually simulated in an open-loop form to produce control strategies and profit indicators. Open-loop simulations assume the model, measurements, and predictions to be perfect, resulting in too-idealistic indicators. The method of two-time-scale decomposition reduces the computation load, thus facilitating the online implementation of optimal control algorithms. However, the computation time of nonlinear dynamic programming is seldom considered in closed-loop simulations. This paper develops a two-time-scale decomposed closed-loop optimal control algorithm that involves the computation time. The obtained simulation results are closer to reality since it considers the time delay in the implementation. With this algorithm, optimal control of Venlo greenhouse lettuce cultivation is investigated in Lhasa. Results show that compared with open-loop simulations, the corrections in yield and profit indicators can be up to 2.38 kg m−2 and 11.01 CNY m−2, respectively, through closed-loop simulations without considering the computation time. When involving the time delay caused by the computation time, further corrections in yield and profit indicators can be up to 0.1 kg m−2 and 0.87 CNY m−2, respectively. These conservative indicators help investors make wiser decisions before cultivation. Moreover, control inputs and greenhouse climate states are within their bounds most of the time during closed-loop simulations. This verifies that the developed algorithm can be implemented in real time.


The research results of vegetation recovery and soil erosion characteristic in corroded ditch of purple soil hills using plant-fencing are:(1) The balsamroot and giant reed can shape plant-fencing in half of year and the effect of preventing soil erosion is remarkable.According the test in 1990,without plant-fencing the annual runoff amount is 4 210.44 t/hm~2,the runoff amount of silt is 1 726.61 t/hm~2.The annual amount of surface flow with plant-fencing is 7.2% of that without plant-fencing,the surface flow amount of silt is 1%.The silt is stopped and deposited above the plant-fencing which can increase soil layer 10~20 cm per year.Having soil layer,vegetation is recovered little by little.The cover degree of plant-fencing is 3%in the first year,10% in the next year,25% in the third year,40% in the fourth year.(2) The peak period of soil erosion of purple soil slope is in May and June.The surface flow amount of peak period is about 45% of the whole year,the soil erosion amount of peak period is about 30%of the whole year.Root system of plant improves the soil physical characteristic,soil proportion lightens and hole increased.So the initial speed of soil permeation and the steady speed of flow with the plant-fencing is higher than that without plant-fencing.With plant-fencing,more rainfall and surface flow and water permeate farmland ecosystem.On the contrary,without plant-fencing,more rainfall and surface runoff,less water permeates farmland ecosystem.


A field experiment with wheat was conducted with four different nitrogen and four different water stress levels, and hyperspectral reflectances in the 350–2500 nm range were recorded at six crop phenostages for two years (2009–2010 and 2010–2011). Thirty-two hyperspectral indices were determined using the first-year reflectance data. Plant nitrogen (N) status, characterized by leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and plant nitrogen accumulation (PNA), showed the highest R 2 with the spectral indices at the booting stage. The best five predictive equations for LNC were based on the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI), normalized difference705 (ND705) index, ratio index-1dB (RI-1dB) and Vogelman index a (VOGa). Their validation using the second-year data showed high R 2 (>0.80) and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD; >2.25) and low root mean square error (RMSE; <0.24) and relative error (<10%). For PNA, five predictive equations with simple ratio pigment index (SRPI), photochemical reflectance index (PRI), modified simple ratio705 (mSR705), modified normalized difference705 (mND705) and normalized pigment chlorophyll index (NPCI) as predicting indices yielded the best relations with high R 2 > 0.80. The corresponding RMSE and RE of these ranged from 1.39 to 1.13 and from 24.5% to 33.3%, respectively. Although the predicted values show good agreement with the observed values, the prediction of LNC is more accurate than PNA, as indicated by higher RMSE and very high RE for the latter. Hence, the plant nitrogen stress of wheat can be accurately assessed through the prediction of LNC based on the five identified reflectance indices at the booting stage.


Contradictions and problems of developing universities' human resources are revealed: pedagogical, psychological, socio-economic. The areas of human resources management which let solve the problems are named. Keywords: human resource, educational field, university, contradiction, problem, management, development.


This paper is on the waveform design of joint radar and communication systems. Focusing on permutation code based random stepped frequency waveforms, we present a new joint radar and communication system that has improved communication error rate performance when compared to existing approaches. More specifically, we propose a subset selection process to improve the Hamming distance between communication waveforms. An efficient encoding scheme is proposed to map the information symbols to selected permutations. Further, an optimal communication receiver based on integer programming followed by a more efficient sub-optimal receiver based on the Hungarian algorithm is also proposed. Considering the optimum maximum likelihood detection, the block error probability is analyzed under both additive white Gaussian noise channels and Rician fading channels. Finally, we discuss the radar performance under the new system and highlight that it has negligible effect on the radar local and global accuracy.


Since the introduction of sulfanilamide and its derivatives, the reliance upon chemotherapy for the control of acute surgical infections has temporarily overshadowed the importance of sound surgical principles and often has resulted in the administration of inefficient or inadequate treatment. T o o often, the physician fails to recognize the limitations of chemotherapy and vainly attempts to control the infection well beyond the optimum time for surgical intervention.


The proteins of MoGH3-3 strain of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae(Mo) were extracted and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE),then subjected to immunoblotting with antiserum of Mo.The screened major immunoreactive proteins were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS)and analyzed with bioinformatics methods. Three major immnunoreactive protein plots were screened with two of them identified as the elongation factor Tu(EF-Tu) and the rest one as the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha subunit(PDHA). The results showed that EF-Tu and PDHA are the major immnunogenic proteins of Mo. This study provided antigen candidates for the development of novel vaccines against disease caused by Mo.


Timber defects detection is one of the important topics in machine vision applications, since the number and severity of defects determine the quality of the wood and consequently its price. In this paper we propose a method to detect wood defects such as cracks and knots. Firstly we create a dictionary based on the bag-of-words approach in a training step. The dictionary is obtained either using LBP and SURF features alone or with a combination of both features. In the second step an image processing pipeline which associates contrast enhancement, entropy maximization and image filtering is used to detect the potential defect regions and we proposed to use SVM classifier to detect knots and cracks. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on two different datasets which have knots and cracks as groundtruth. The experimental results show that our method achieves a precision of 0.92 and 0.91, and a recall of 0.94 and 0.96 for the Epicea and Pine datasets respectively with multiple features based dictionary.


Recently, interfacial superconductivity up to 75K has been discovered in FeSe/STO and FeSe/BTO interfaces [1,2]. We combine angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to study the superconductivity at interfaces and surfaces. Based on the impurity effects and quasiparticle interference behaviors revealed in our STM data, we found that the pairing symmetry of FeSe/STO is the plain s-wave type [3]. Moreover, with surface electron doping, the FeSe thick film exhibits an anomalous phase diagram with a correlated insulating phase and a superconducting phase with Tc up to 46K [4]. By placing such a heavily electron doped FeSe superconducting layer closer to the FeSe/STO interface, its superconducting gap increases exponentially to the single layer FeSe/STO value [5], which resembles the behavior of the STO phonon strength measured by EELS [6]. Our results demonstrate the critical role of interfacial electron-phonon interactions in the high Tc of FeSe/STO interface.


In this study, biosynthetic Ag@AgCl plasma is used as a photosensitizer for the first time to construct a photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy and pH‐responsive synergistic antitumor nanomedicine delivery system CS‐Ag@AgCl/C. The Ag@AgCl and AgNPs synthesized by the extracts of alpine banana, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus sinensis are characterized. The Ag@AgCl NPs synthesized with banana extract have a regular crystal shape and a granular size of 12 nm, and they are more stable than AgNPs synthesized with the other two extracts. In addition, Ag@AgCl plasma used as a photosensitizer can reduce the dependence of CS‐Ag@AgCl/C on oxygen in the photodynamic process. After coating with chitosan, though the photothermal conversion efficiency of CS‐Ag@AgCl/C decreases from 44.06% to 29.51%, the pH response character of it increases, and the pH response plays an important role in drug release experiments. Under an acidic environment of pH = 5.0 phosphate‐buffered saline buffer, the drug release rate of the samples increases significantly. In the synergistic antitumor experiment, the cell survival rate increases from 36.83% to 78.69% after chitosan‐coated Ag@AgCl/C NPs. When CS‐Ag@AgCl/C‐DOX+808 nm is co‐cultured with HeLa cells, the cell survival rate is only 14.89%, which indicates that the constructed plasma drug delivery system has excellent photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy combined treatment capability.


A method is proposed to fabricate a high‐aspect‐ratio (HAR) microchannel with a microscopic gap and AR of more than 1000:1 applicable to a test structure for kinetic analysis of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It has a parallel‐plate structure and is formed concisely by sticking a planar Si substrate and a patterned Si or silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate fabricated by single‐step etching, by clamping them. The resulting feature exhibits a uniform gap and smooth surface morphology along its depth. When CVD is conducted into this HAR microchannel, the sticking probability (η) of film‐forming species can be detected by analyzing the film thickness gradient. The use of a microchannel with an AR of 1000:1 enables the elucidation of η values from 1 down to the order of 10−7. A kinetic analysis of SiC‐CVD from methyltrichlorosilane and H2 is thus performed. It is found that conformal SiC‐film growth occurred inside the HAR microchannel, where one of the film‐forming species is revealed to have extremely low η around 10−6. The present study demonstrates that the developed HAR microchannel is a solution to access the overall reaction kinetics of CVDs, including film‐forming species with extremely low η.


Asymmetries in the Singaporean consumer loans lending-interbank overnight rate spread were documented. Empirical results revealed that the spread adjusts to the threshold more slowly when the interbank overnight rates decrease relative to the consumer loans rates than when the interbank overnight rates move in the opposite direction. Additionally, the empirical findings indicate that Singaporean commercial banks exhibit predatory rate setting behaviour in consumer loans market. The results also show bidirectional Granger causality between the Singaporean consumer loans rate and the interbank overnight rate, indicating that the consumer loans rate and the interbank overnight rate affect each other's movements. These results suggest that monetary authority can use its countercyclical monetary policy instruments to achieve its macroeconomics objectives. However, the estimation results of the GARCH (3, 3)-in-Mean model suggest that they should intervene more frequently and by small policy measures to minimize the conditional variance of the spread to minimize the magnitude of the cycle of the consumer loans rate.


4109 Background: Pembrolizumab monotherapy showed durable antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with sorafenib-treated (cohort 1) and treatment-naive (cohort 2) aHCC in the open-label, phase 2 KEYNOTE-224 (NCT02702414) study. Longer term data from KEYNOTE-224 after ̃3 years of follow-up for patients with treatment-naive aHCC are reported. Methods: Eligible patients in cohort 2 had histologically, cytologically, or radiologically confirmed aHCC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C or B not amenable or refractory to locoregional therapy and not amenable to curative treatment, Child-Pugh A liver function, measurable disease per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review (BICR), and ECOG PS 0 or 1. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks for ≤35 cycles (̃2 years). Primary end point was ORR assessed per RECIST v1.1 by BICR. Secondary end points included DOR, DCR, TTP, and PFS, all assessed per RECIST v1.1 by BICR, OS, and safety/tolerability. Results: All 51 patients enrolled in cohort 2 received ≥1 dose of pembrolizumab. Median follow-up, defined as the time from first dose to the data cutoff (October 1, 2021), was 35 months (range, 31-37). ORR was 16% (95% CI, 7-29). Median DOR was not reached (NR; range, 3 to 24+ months); 58% of responders were estimated to have a response duration ≥18 months. Best overall response was 8 (16%) PRs, 21 (41%) SDs, and 17 (33%) PDs; no CRs were observed and response was not evaluable for 2 patients (4%) and not assessed for 3 patients (6%). DCR was 57% (95% CI, 42-71). ORR was generally consistent among patients with a viral and nonviral etiology for HCC, although sample sizes were small. The median TTP was 4 months (95% CI, 3-9). Median PFS was 4 months (95% CI, 2-8). Estimated PFS rate at 24 months was 15%. Median OS was 17 months (95% CI, 8-23). Estimated OS rate at 24 months was 34%. No new or unexpected adverse events (AEs) occurred. Treatment-related AEs were reported in 28 patients (55%; grade 3-5, 8 [16%]). Conclusions: Updated results from cohort 2 of the KEYNOTE-224 study continued to demonstrate durable antitumor activity, promising OS, and manageable safety for pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with aHCC and no prior systemic therapy. These data, together with recent positive results from KEYNOTE-394, underscore the broad applicability of pembrolizumab in patients with aHCC both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapies. Clinical trial information: NCT02702414.


On the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, and also archival materials the history of occurrence of various organizations of the Cossack youth during Far-Eastern emigration is investigated. The author reveals the basic directions of their activity, connection with centres of immigrants community in Foreign Russia. Problem of national-patriotic, military and religious education of young generation of cossacks during Far-Eastern immigration is of special interest


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a user to input setting information used in setting an image reading device by referring to information stored in an external device.SOLUTION: An image reading device 10A comprises: a transmission destination receiving part 24 that receives a transmission destination of input information for inputting setting information about setting of the image reading device; an input information transmission part 26A that transmits the input information to the transmission destination received by the transmission destination receiving part 24; a setting information receiving part 30A that receives the setting information transmitted from an external device; and a storage part 28A that stores the setting information received from the setting information receiving part 30A in a memory part 34 as the settings of the image reading device.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


An improved GA on evolutionary stable strategy is presented aiming at distribution network. The Method not only keeps the variety characteristic, but also extends the searching space through mutation factor. It's easy to find the global optimized area and reduce the chance to draw into local optimized area. So the calculation time is reduced. The result of an example of radiate distribution network in Chongqing shows that the constriction and searching performance based on ESSGA proved more than the traditional GA in the distribution network planning.


Thomas Lord's constructivist college teaching methods (Lord, 1998; Lord, 2001; Lord, 2005; and Lord & Orkwiszewski, 2006) have changed my teaching of compulsory high school biology. My students have enjoyed some successes by moving away from a teacher-centered classroom toward a more constructivist learning environment, defined by Dufresne et al. (1996) as "a set of beliefs about knowing and learning that emphasizes the active role of learners in constructing their own knowledge." For example, cooperative learning groups have replaced straight rows and the daily "bell-ringer" activity is no longer a question about a factoid the students had allegedly learned the day before. Now, at the beginning of each class, teams of three sophomores strive to solve a biological problem about which they have very little background. Blank stares and recalcitrance remain a persistent challenge, but participation usually increases as the course progresses and most students have responded favorably to these changes. However, we had not realized the dramatic improvements often reported at the college level (Burrowes, 2003; Wood, 2005). In accordance with constructivist philosophy, I have attempted to eliminate traditional lectures, as Wood (2005) successfully accomplished with her college students, but have found it to be a particularly vexing challenge at the high school level. For instance, several years ago my students tried a peer-teaching approach within each cooperative learning group in lieu of traditional lectures. Students became "experts" on small parts of the unit and then taught their topic to their team members. A few students created wonderful short lessons, but most morosely read the text aloud to their group, evidently encountering the strange words for the first time. We abandoned the experiment and returned to comfortable lectures, but broke them up with frequent small challenges embedded within the notes. For example, students might brainstorm five forms of evidence supporting evolution before copying notes on the topic. The notes also evolved to include a printed version (omitting illustrations and key terminology) issued to each student. This facilitated students being able to listen to stories and examples while remaining engaged enough to fill in some important terminology. Regretfully, however, the method remained a long way from the Thomas Lord student-centered constructivist approach that had so inspired me at several National Association of Biology Teachers conferences. Audience Response Systems (ARS) represent a powerful new tool for increasing student engagement and I report here on my use of the technology to eliminate traditional lectures in high school biology. ARS technology (known variously as electronic voting systems, personal response systems, interactive student response systems, and classroom performance systems) includes one hand-held remote per student, a receiver (infrared or radio frequency, depending on the system), a computer for recording student responses, and a means for projecting information to the class (Lowery, 2005). Positive ARS use outcomes are widely reported at the college level (e.g., Draper & Brown, 2004; Judson & Sawada, 2002; Lowery, 2005; Kennedy & Cutts, 2005), but are less studied at the high school level (e.g., Conoley, 2005). ARS are used in a variety of ways including imbedding questions into traditional Powerpoint lectures, recording responses to tests and quizzes, increasing student collaboration, and conducting anonymous surveys. Claims made by ARS manufacturers that the technology increases interactivity and student involvement are largely corroborated by the literature. Student views of ARS are generally positive. For example, at the college level, Uhari et al. (2003) reported that "More than 80% of the students felt that voting improved their learning, and most of them felt that it enhanced questioning during lectures, although some students disagreed on this latter point. …


ABSTRACT Each month thousands of people travel across national borders to access assisted reproductive treatments across Europe. The possibility to purchase fertility treatments in a similar way to other products and services has led not only to a clearly defined market place and customer, but has also contributed to scholarly work on critical studies of kinship. To date, however, there has been little research enquiring into how new media technologies relied upon by parents for finding fertility information may contribute to shaping and circulating ideas of kinship. Within the transnational fertility marketplace, Denmark has become a hub for would-be parents due to liberal legislation, cheaper prices and shorter waiting times. As the first contact point for potential fertility travellers, the websites of Danish fertility clinics and sperm banks fulfil several roles, including marketing, disseminating information about scientific breakthroughs, and providing guidance on healthy lifestyle choices for potential parents. Using multimodal analysis of home pages, this paper examines how the websites of Danish fertility clinics and sperm banks contribute to shaping and circulating ideas about kinship. These websites attract and engage with customers by creating emotive representations of kinship that rely on the mother-child image.


The present paper provides comprehensive wood anatomical survey of seven Indian species belonging to two genera Briedelia and Cleistanthus of the tribe Briedelieae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.). Wood microstructure of Cleistanthus found heterogeneous in certain extent within tribe. Systematic relationships between Briedelia and Cleistanthus were evaluated. The systematic wood anatomical study did not favour the recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic circumscription of classification of the tribe. Cleistanthus showed adaptation to xeric environment and Briedelia showed adaptation to mesic environment. Briedelia contain most of advance wood anatomical features while Cleistanthus had a combination of both advance and primitive wood anatomical features.


Abstract Health care delivery systems are challenged to provide and demonstrate accountability for cost-effective, high quality, and integrated interdisciplinary services to increasingly diverse populations across the care continuum. Nurses with advanced knowledge and skills in systems thinking, collaborative practices, and a population focus are needed to provide leadership to these emerging systems. The Health Systems Nurse Specialist (HSNS) program at the University of Nebraska is an innovative master's curriculum that prepares nurses in three distinct specialties: community health nursing, nursing administration, and nursing informatics. All build on a set of core courses that integrate foundational knowledge and skills from each specialty that are needed by any nurse working at the systems level in health care. HSNS students develop specific skills to work collaboratively to determine priority health and organizational needs; develop and implement interventions, programs, and supportive information i...


The ATOMIC-2 project at USC/ISI has installed a production high-bandwidth LAN based on Myrinet, a 640 Mbps LAN technology. This work includes the development of an efficient means of IP forwarding on a host-based gateway, because router interfaces for Myrinet are not available. This work presents measurements which show the limitations of a standard high-bandwidth network interface driver and the capabilities of an enhanced driver that uses peer DMA. Peering involves the direct transfer of packets from the incoming network interface card (NIC) to the outgoing NIC, rather than staging packets through host memory. In these measurements three implementations of the NIC driver are compared: an high-performance conventional driver and two variations of peer DMA. The conventional driver stages packets by copying them into and out of host memory, requiring two transfers per packet, but often requiring fragmentation and reassembly into host memory mbufs. This was optimized to pre-allocate extended mbuf clusters in the host kernel, to avoid this overhead. Preliminary measurements indicated that bus bandwidth was a limitation, and that techniques to avoid transferring the data twice over the same bus would be useful. The peer DMA variants are designed to transmit packets once over the bus, from the incoming NIC to the outgoing NIC directly. Custom host-based routers support such peering by performing IP forwarding in the host interfaces directly, however we sought a way to support peering using conventional kernel-based forwarding. In the first peer variant the entire packet remains on the incoming NIC and the header is read word-wise by the CPU over the bus. In the second variant the IP header alone is copied into the host's main memory and the packet's payload remains resident on the incoming NIC. The header copy reduces the bus contention that word-wise accesses create in the first variant, by transferring the entire header in one operation. Since our investigation of the optimization of host-based routers focuses on optimizing the data path we first present some background. We discuss the way conventional host-based routers process packets, and the two ways we optimized that processing, by reducing an extra data copy. We then present our results, showing how we increased data throughput by over 40%. Finally, we discuss the implications of this optimized routing, and how it affects network interface design and host operating system software. For our testbed, we use 200 Mhz Pentium Pro PCs, running FreeBSD 2.2.5.[2] These hosts also have a 33 Mhz, 32-bit wide PCI bus, used for high-bandwidth peripheral access. In experiments performed elsewhere, the combination of these PCs and the Myrinet NICs have been shown to provide host-memory to host-memory data transfer rates in excess of 1 Gbps, using very large transfer units (64 KB and larger), pipelined directly into the NIC DMA. However, at the IP layer these hosts support UDP rates of 300 Mbps and TCP rates of 150 Mbps. For our experiments, we relied on the packet multiplexing capability of the Myrinet switches to merge traffic from multiple sources, to find the limiting routing bandwidths. We found that as a host-based router, the hosts provide bandwidths near 335 Mbps, using existing production drivers and the FreeBSD routing software. This rate is not substantially higher than the single-host data source limit of 300 Mbps. We knew that existing host routing copied data twice across the peripheral bus, and that this would limit the maximum bandwidth to 500 Mbps; we felt that reducing the number of copies would alleviate this contention, and possibly increase the throughput of the system. It is well known that memory performance in workstations has not paralled improvements in processor performance or network bandwidth. Much work has been done on techniques to minimize data copying by bypassing or reducing the level of operating system intervention and promoting direct application to network interface interactionSeveral techniques have been introduced to minimize the number of times network data crosses the CPU/memory data path, notably hardware streaming [1] and kernel-level streaming [3]. In hardware streaming data is transferred from source to sink device without CPU involvement. This avoids the extra copy into kernel RAM, but is focused on inter-peripheral communication, such as video-to-disk. In network routing, the host CPU still needs to process the packets between the input and output devices; whereas such intermediate processing is entirely avoided in hardware streaming. Kernel level streaming transfers data from source to sink over the system bus without an application process being included in the data path. Data does, however, pass through memory and the technique relies on the Sytem V STREAMS interface. In a conventional host-based router, routing processing is performed inside the host, by the CPU. When a packet arrives, the NIC signals the host, which signals the DMA on the NIC to proceed with a copy of the packet from the NIC RAM into the host RAM. The host CPU then processes the packet, examining its link and IP header, and determining the appropriate outgoing interface, outgoing link header, and any modifications to the IP header. The host packet copy is then modified appropriately, and the outgoing NIC then DMAs the packet into its RAM, and emits it on the outgoing link. However, in the case where routing (forwarding) to an outgoing interface is the dominant case, the conventional data path is not optimal. The packet is copied twice, once into host memory, and once out of host memory. A better algorithm would permit packets to be transferred directly from incoming NIC to outgoing NIC, without the extra copy. This would reduce the I/O channel load, free host resources, and reduce the transfer latency through the router. The I/O channel would have reduced signalling load, because the channel arbitration is accessed only once per packet, rather than twice. We examined two different ways of supporting peer DMA routing. In both methods, packets remain in shared memory on the incoming NIC, and are eventually peer-DMA'd directly to the outgoing NIC. The host continues to perform the routing functions, and so needs access to the packet's link and IP headers. Both methods assume that the NIC contains a reasonable amount of packet buffer space, and that space is sufficient for queuing packets while they are routed and waiting to be output. Neither method involves changes to kernel code only to the network interface driver. In the first variant, the entire packet is left in the NIC, and the host accesses these headers by reading its fields directly over the PCI bus. Each field is read separately, as a shared-memory access. In the second variant, called 'HEADER COPY', the link and IP headers are copied, in full, into the host memory, where they are manipulated by the host using local RAM accesses. The modified headers are copied out over the original packet's header, then the result is DMA'd in its entirety to the destination NIC. Both techniques required modifications only to the device driver, and the changes affect packet transfers only on the incoming NIC. Both of these techniques require special processing for ARP and ICMP packets. These packets are usually associated with low-level control exchanges, often handled within the driver software. Many such packets generate an immediate response, which typically overwrites the incoming packet, and is rapidly sent back out. As a result the peer DMA methods would request a transfer from the incoming NIC back to itself; although this operation is not prohibited by the PCI bus specification, it is often not supported, and can lock the bus and freeze the host. This case is easily handled by detecting the special case, and effecting the peer DMA by pointer manipulation, rather than by an excess self-copy. The standard driver, in general, increased only 10% using multiple sources, as compared to a single source. For HEADER-COPY, the design finally selected, the CPU was pegged for small packets and multiple sources, and per-packet overheads dominate for small packet sizes. This is more easily seen in the packets/second graph. The packet rate is nearly constant for packets under 1 KB, around 12,000 packets/second, indicating that either interrupt processing or routing algorithm processing causes resource contention at the CPU. For larger packets, costs proportional to packet size dominate, suggesting backplane resource contention. By avoiding the additional packet copy, throughputs and packet rates are increased substantially, up to 45%, to 480 Mbps. Peer DMA achieves an IP forwarding throughput in excess of 480 Mbps using 8K packets, more than a 40% improvement over non-peer forwarding. The CPU utilization drops with large-packet peering, from 90% down to below 70%, but remains over 90% for small packets (below 4K), regardless of method. Packet forwarding rates increase for peering with packet sizes over 1K and above, linearly increasing as the packet size doubles, from a 10% improvement at 1K to a 30% improvement for 8K packets. This research indicates that peer DMA support in the drivers can substantially improve the IP forwarding bandwidth, and reduce the CPU utilization, for large packet sizes, i.e., over 4K. The peering also requires substantial packet buffering on the NIC, to store incoming packets while the headers are processed in the kernel. This has implications on high-performance NICs with low packet sizes, i.e., gigabit ethernet, and NICs without significant packetbased buffering, i.e., some current 100 Mbps ethernet and OC-3c ATM NICs. However, when a peer DMA capable driver was used for packets destined for the router itself, i.e., for the end host, throughput was substantially reduced, compared to the standard driver. The optimized driver should be used only for host-based routers where the dominant traf


Dental wear is an irreversible loss of dental hard tissues under the action of physical and chemical factors that may come from the external or internal environment of the body. Dental wear is the consequence of three mechanisms: biocorrosion, friction and stress. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of risk factors on the severity of erosive dental wear in children using factorial analysis. In this context, we used data from a statistical survey conducted between 2017-2018 on 456 rural and urban children aged 6 to 11 years, where dental wear was analyzed according to a series of diet-related factors, oral hygiene and behavioral patterns (bruxism). The major impact was caused by energy drinks, yoghurt and carbonated beverages. Through the associations resulting from the factorial analysis, the mechanisms involved in the erosive dental wear were also highlighted, and the main was biocorrosion, followed by friction and stress.


Abstract
This chapter examines the key characteristics of success of the university-wide entrepreneurial ecosystem at Syracuse University. From 2007 to 2012, Syracuse University developed an academic signature in entrepreneurship, innovation, and community engagement resulting from 165 programs that linked the campus and the community. Nine critical factors of success for individual programs were observed. This chapter provides recommendations for establishing an experientially focused university-wide entrepreneurship education program and suggestions on mistakes to avoid.


Virtual simulation can have a positive impact on student outcomes; still, guidance from an educator and a reliable connection to the internet are cited as important factors for a positive learning experience. However, when students are asked to complete the simulation outside of class time, it remains unknown how their experience is impacted.
 The objective of this scoping review is to answer the question: What are health professional student experiences with
 We will include published peer-reviewed evidence about any health professional student completing virtual simulation outside of a course context. To be included, the virtual simulation activity needs to be required as part of a course.
 We will use the scoping review methodology from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Published literature will be located through Medline and Embase (via Ovid), CINAHL, Education Source Complete and ERIC (via Ebsco) and the Web of Science Core Collection. We will search for qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies written in English, French or Portuguese. No date limit will be applied. Two reviewers will independently screen articles in the Covidence systematic review management software. Data will be extracted and presented in a narrative summary with tables.


In this paper a novel method for determination of location of a concentrated force acting on a structure is proposed. The method uses the relations between outputs for identification of the force location. Uniqueness of the predicted location of the force is discussed and a method for appropriate selection of a measurement set is introduced which guarantees the uniqueness of the predicted force location. Eventually three cases of simulation are carried out to exemplify various aspects of the discussion.


613 Background: Approximately 1-8% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are associated with inherited predisposition. No consensus referral guideline exists for genetic assessment for RCC. Early age of onset, the presence of a family history and type II papillary RCC should trigger clinical genetics referral. We investigated the pattern of cancer genetics referral for early-onset RCC in Ireland. Methods: The number of patients with RCC diagnosed under the age of 50 between 2005 and 2013, was obtained from the National Cancer Registry of Ireland. RCC was defined by the WHO/IARC Classification. The number of patients referred for genetic work-up with RCC < 50 years of age was ascertained from The National Centre for Medical Genetics. Individuals unaffected by RCC but with a family history of RCC were excluded. The database was searched using the following search terms: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) and RCC; and the clinical reason for referral recorded. Results: 580 patients were diagnosed with R...


The Centre-State relations have always been a crucial issue. Strengthening the federal system is necessary for preserving the unity of India. The basic structure remains to be one where legislative, administrative and financial powers are disproportionately concentrated in the Union Government with the States having a large number of responsibilities without sufficient autonomy. The period since 1991, which witnessed a paradigm shift in the economic strategy from planned development to a market-oriented one, has also thrown up new issues and challenges for the federal set-up. The need for a thorough restructuring of Centre-State relations, in order to correct existing imbalances and strengthen the federal system by empowering the States with genuine autonomy. ********** The breakdown of the national consensus on a parliamentary majority in India, a phenomenon which is characteristic of the function of parliamentary governments in the developing countries has led to a dangerous trend to identify the federal division of powers with sub-national pluralism. In an attempt to seek legitimacy for the coalition governments, which largely depend upon the support of several regional parties, a phenomenon specified to the Indian political system, many of the political parties, which claimed to have demolished one-party dominance have called for the identification of the federal division of powers with sub-national identities representing the pluralist content of the Indian society. The Constitution of India is federal in form but is more unitary in character. Strengthening the federal system is necessary for preserving the unity of India and meeting the aspirations of the people who are governed through State Governments. Therefore, Centre-State relations, i.e. the arrangements between the Union Government and the States with regard to their powers, functions and responsibilities have always been a crucial issue. The basic structure remains to be one where legislative, administrative and financial powers are disproportionately concentrated in the Union Government with the states having a large number of responsibilities without sufficient autonomy (Bagchi: 2000). Along with significant socio-economic and political changes occurring in the post-independence period, Centre-State relations have also undergone some changes. The period since 1991, which witnessed a paradigm shift in the economic strategy from planned development to a market-oriented one has also thrown up new issues and challenges for the federal set-up. These have an important bearing on the functioning of our democracy as well as the well being of our people. The need for a thorough restructuring of Centre-State relations in order to correct existing imbalances and strengthen the federal system by empowering the states with genuine autonomy is imperative to enable the emergence of a common platform to bring about a restructuring of Centre-State relations. India has a constitutional and political system which has some federal features. The Constitution provides the Central Government with overarching powers and concentrates administrative and financial powers in its hands. At the same time, there is sharing of powers and resources between the Central Government and the states in a limited fashion. The experience of partition at the time of independence conditioned the Constitution makers to build in various features in the Constitution which worked against the federal principle. The centre has the power to reorganise the states through Parliament; Governors appointed by the Centre can withhold assent to legislation passed by the state legislature; Parliament can override legislation passed by the states in the national interests; the Governor can play a role in the formation of state governments and the Centre is vested with the power to dismiss the state governments under Article 356; residuary powers are vested with the centre and the major taxation powers lie with the central authority. …


In this paper, it is established that there are many tough challenges when developing contextaware applications. Much discussion is going on in this area and the related areas of mobile, pervasive and ubiquitous computing. Eight major issues are identified and used as a theoretical overview and background for this paper. Moving on, it is argued that although many prototypes of possible context-aware applications have been presented, it is still hard to see hands-on value for intended users. Prototypes are frequently used to test new technology and evaluate particular research aspects, primarily developed and tested in constructed research settings on students and collegues. This paper argues that such use of prototypes needs to be complemented by evaluation of prototypes in real-life settings and in environments familiar to the users as a part of their everyday life, in order to take the next step in approaching context-awareness. The intended contribution of this paper is to the field of context-awareness. This is done by presenting a rundown of many of the issues already brought to attention by researchers, as well as by outlining a prototype currently under development that has real incentives for becoming a part of our future.


t has been almost 40 years since the quinone-containing nthracycline doxorubicin was first isolated from cultures of treptomyces peucetius var. caesius (1), and it remains one of he most effective and commonly used drugs for treatment f a variety of solid and hematologic malignancies. There is strong correlation between total dose and antitumor fficacy; however, soon after its discovery a second effect ecame evident: patients treated with doxorubicin develped cardiomyopathic changes. This serious side effect has ignificantly limited its potential clinical utility (2). Initial eports documented the highest risk for doses above 450 g/m (3). However, with improved methods of detecting ubtle changes in cardiac function, (e.g., alterations in left entricular wall stress [4]), the incidence of doxorubicin ardiotoxicity is now appreciated to be much higher than reviously suspected. Alterations in wall stress have been ocumented in 65% of long-term survivors of childhood ancer, even at doses as low as 228 mg/m (5).


Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) includes invasive species as well as widely cultivated horticultural species. In Santa Maria, Cruciferae species usually occur in environments that have undergone urbanization such as sidewalks, roadsides, walls, near energy poles, etc. The last listing of species of this family in the area was performed by Romeu Beltrao in 1962 and supplemented in 1965. The objective of the current study was to update the number of records of Brassicaceae species that occur in the municipality of Santa Maria, RS, as well as to provide keys for the identification for native and naturalized genera and species. Bibliographic surveys, field collections, herbarium material analysis and data from databases of speciesLink and Flora of Brazil 2020 were carried out, as well as complementary collections from August 2018 to April 2019. The species found were photographed and identified based on the existing literature. Identification keys for genera and species, as well as illustrations, were prepared. All genera had only one representative species in Santa Maria with the exception of Lepidium, which presented three species. There was an addition of three species and one genus in relation to the last survey carried out.


Effects of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on the concentration and uptake of NPKS in different organs as well as well as oil content of sunflower (cv. BARI-2) were evaluated. The experiment consisted of 16 treatments, viz.: VC1 Control, VC2, VC3, VC4, VC5, VC6, VC7, VC8, VC9, VC10, VC11, VC12, VC13, VC14, VC15 and VC16. Results showed that the concentration, uptake of macronutrients (NPKS) and oil content of seeds of the crop increased significantly (P< 0.05) with increasing rate of the amendments over the control in most of the cases. Combination of the treatments showed better performance than their individual application. Maximum values of NPKS concentration in different organs of sunflower were 0.42, 0.23, 1.95 and 0.12% for stem., 0.57, 0.33, 2.66 and 0.20% for root., 2.61, 0.42, 2.77 and 0.19% for leaf., 2.30, 0.65, 2.65 and 0.20% for petiole., 0.76, 0.71, 2.21and 0.26% for inflorescence and 4.86, 0.69, 1.08 and 0.16% for seed were recorded in treatments 5t VC ha-1 +N120P90K150 kg ha-1 and 7.5t VC ha-1 +N120P90K150 kg ha-1, respectively in most of the cases. Significantly (P < 0.05%) the highest content of oil (46.9%) in seed was found in the treatment 7.5t VC ha-1 +N80P60K100 kg ha-1. The overall findings of this study indicated that vermicompost in combination with chemical fertilizers could be applied to achieve better yield of sunflower in the costal belt of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(1): 149-157, 2023 (March)


In this paper, we study performance based maintenance contracts for heavy equipment operated in a mining industry. A performance based service contract uses an attractive incentives to motivate the agent to increase the maintenance effort such that the resulting equipment's performance is well above the target. This will in turn give benefits for both the owner of the trucks and the Agent of service contract. In this paper, we study performance based maintenance service contracts for the equipment sold with warranty and the perfomances considered includes availability and safety measures. We find the optimal strategy (i.e. price of each contract and maintenance effort) for the agent and the optimal option for the owner using a non-cooperative game formulation


Based on the generalized piezoelectric-thermoelastic theory, the performance of imperfect interface on the dynamic response of an infinite extent piezoelectric plate excited by thermal shock is presented. As a simple case, we first investigate the behaviors of a single-layered plate which is traction free and applied thermal shock. After that a double-layered plate with imperfect interface is studied, and the same boundary conditions are adopted on its external surfaces as used on the single-layered plate. The Laplace transform and the Riemann-sum approximation method are utilized to solve the coupled piezoelectric-thermo-elastic governing equations of the dynamic problems. The semi-analytical solutions are obtained. Results obtained reveal that the imperfect interface leads to the reduced speed of thermo-elastic wave, the weak attenuation of temperature and the enlarged amplitude of displacement. Furthermore, a temperature drop at the front of the thermal wave is also newly found.


Range measurement systems are commonly based on measuring time-of-flight of signals encoded in electromagnetic or acoustic waves. This leads to so-called pseudorange measurements due systematic errors such receiver clock synchronization error and uncertain wave propagation speed. Inertial navigation aided by pseudo-range measurements is addressed. A modular nonlinear observer is designed and analyzed. The attitude observer is based on a recent nonlinear complementary filter, and includes a gyro bias estimation. The translational motion observer includes the estimation of position, range bias errors (such as receiver clock bias), velocity and specific force, where the latter is used as a reference vector by the attitude observer. The exponential stability of the feedback interconnection of the two observers is analyzed and found to have a semiglobal region of attraction with respect to attitude observer initialization, and local region of attraction with respect to translational motion observer initialization. The latter is due to linearization of the pseudo-range and range-rate measurement equations that is underlying the selection of injection gains using a time varying Riccati equation. In typical applications the pseudo-range and range-rate equations admit an explicit algebraic solution that can be easily computed and used to accurately initialize the position and velocity estimates. Hence, the limited region of attraction is not seen as a limitation of the approach. Advantages of the proposed nonlinear observer include low computational complexity and a solid theoretical foundation.


Any weakly stationary time series X(t) can be looked upon as a superposition of an infinite number of harmonic oscillations. Let [Xbar](t) be a finite linear combinations of oscillations with frequencies λj = jδ by trigonometric interpolation of the values of X (k·δt), [Xbar](t) becomes a discrete approximation of X(t). Various representation for [Xbar] (t) allows an analysis of the mean square error at any time t. By interpolating the"weighted" values zk X (k·δt) instead of X (k·δt), the error may be influenced by an appropriate choice of the weights: specific weights are attached to any nonempty set P that minimize the error function fp if a prediction of X(t) on P is required. The cases are discussed (μ denotes a finite measure on P).


The configuration of non-electrical protection of large oil immersed equipments is very important to ensure the reliable running of HVDC system.Introduced field configuration and operation experience of non-electric quantity protection,discussed the technological requirements of electrical equipments in terms of anti-disturbance and action logic configuration of non-electric quantity protection.To the fieldwork,explicited the demand of secondary circuit design,proposed the measures of improving the reliability of non-electric quantity protection.


By this Notice, OMB is announcing its decision concerning the revision of Statistical Policy Directive No. 15, Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting. OMB is accepting the recommendations of the Interagency Committee for the Review of the Racial and Ethnic Standards with the following two modifications: (1) the Asian or Pacific Islander category will be separated into two categories—''Asian'' and ''Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander,'' and (2) the term ''Hispanic'' will be changed to ''Hispanic or Latino.'' The revised standards will have five minimum categories for data on race: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White. There will be two categories for data on ethnicity: ''Hispanic or Latino'' and ''Not Hispanic or Latino.'' The Supplementary Information in this Notice provides background information on the standards (Section A); a summary of the comprehensive review process that began in July 1993 (Section B); a brief synopsis of the public comments OMB received on the recommendations for changes to the standards in response to the July 9, 1997, Federal Register Notice (Section C); OMB's decisions on the specific recommendations of the Interagency Committee (Section D); and information on the work that is underway on tabulation issues associated with the reporting of multiple race responses (Section E). The revised standards for the classification of Federal data on race and ethnicity are presented at the end of this notice; they replace and supersede Statistical Policy Directive No. 15. EFFECTIVE DATE: The new standards will be used by the Bureau of the Census in the 2000 decennial census. Other Federal programs should adopt the standards as soon as possible, but not later than January 1, 2003, for use in household surveys, administrative forms and records, and other data collections. In addition, OMB has approved the use of the new standards by the Bureau of the Census in the ''Dress Rehearsal'' for Census 2000 scheduled to be conducted in March 1998. ADDRESSES: Please send correspondence about OMB's decision to: Katherine K. Wallman, Chief Statistician, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Room 10201 New Executive Office Building, 725 17th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20503; fax: (202) 395– 7245. ELECTRONIC AVAILABILITY AND ADDRESSES: This Federal Register Notice and the related OMB Notices of June 9, 1994, August 28, 1995, and July 9, 1997, are available electronically from the OMB Homepage on the World Wide Web: <<http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/ EOP/OMB/html/fedreg.html>>. Federal Register Notices are also available electronically from the U.S. Government Printing Office web site: <<http:/www.access.gpo.gov/suldocs/ aces/aces140.html>>. Questions about accessing the Federal Register online via GPO Access may be directed to telephone (202) 512-1530 or toll free at (888) 293–6498; to fax (202) 512–1262; or to E-mail <<email@example.com>>. This Notice is available in paper copy from the OMB Publications Office, 725 17th Street, NW, NEOB, Room 2200, Washington, D.C. 20503; telephone (202) 395-7332; fax (202) 395–6137. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Suzann Evinger, Statistical Policy Office, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, NEOB, Room 10201, 725 17th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20503; telephone: (202) 395–3093; fax (202) 395–7245.


Mechatronics - the synergetic integration of different engineering domains - can create new products and stimulate innovative solutions. In order to yield this potential, experts from different engineering domains need a common method to specify results during the early stage of product conceptualisation. This method could create the base for cross-domain communication and efficient cooperation. In this way, the potential of mechatronics can be realised. The article presents an integrated method for the conceptual design of mechatronic products. It comprises a new semi-formal specification language for the modelling of functions. This language is closely related to the semi-formal modelling of principle solutions. The application of these languages and the systematic approach of product conceptualisation will be exemplified by tyre pressure control systems.


[Objective]To explore the operating methods and rudimental clinical effects of reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) with the ligament advancement reinforcement system(LARS) artificial ligaments under arthroscope.[Method]Since June of 2006,15 patients(11 males and 4 females,with an average age of 26.8 years)with acute ACL rupture have been treated with the LARS artificial ligaments.The results of preoperative Arto-scan of all patients suggested discontinuation of ACL.The average score of Lysholm on knee joint was 50 points.The operations were completed under arthroscope.Bone tunnels of the femur were located at the central point of arc on the medial surface of ectocondyle of 140 degree.Bone tunnels of tibia were located between the medial and lateral condyle on the tibial plateau、2-4 mm to summit line of fossa intercondylica.The diameter of the bone tunnels was 7.5 mm while that of LARS ligament and hollow crushing screw were 8 mm.[Result]All 15 patients were available for follow-up with an average of 18 months.No postoperative complications such as infection,ligament rupture,ligament loosening occurred.The clinical results were graded as being excellent in 8 patients,good in 5 and fair in 2 according to the Lysholm's classification.The excellent and good rate was 86.6%.[Conclusion]The anatomical reconstruction and the stability of the knee joint can be obtained after ACL reconstruction with LARS artificial ligaments.The operation under arthroscope has advantages of less-injury,rapid recovery and satisfactory curative effect.


It is the second edition of this valuable book. A comparison with the first (1974) edition leads to the following conclusions: 1. Both the 1974 and the 1979 volumes were edited by three scholars; however, only George B. Priddle's name reappears in the 1979 edition. 2. The 1974 edition contains 19 articles and the 1979, 22 (28 and 33 authors respectively). Six articles involve 10 authors identical in both editions. 3. In both cases the articles are grouped in five parts, however only two of them reveal similar contents. 4. The consistency of graphic form indicates continuity ; the slightly lower quality of paper in the second edition indicates the changing times. The editors again selected a set of excellent articles reflecting &dquo;both the old and the new from a fresh perspective.&dquo; Whereas the first edition focused on conservation and ecology, the second edition is more anthropocentric reflecting the recent concerns for the wellbeing of individual and society as a whole. In their selection of articles the editors endeavored to tie resources and man into an integrated whole for the purposes of planning and management. The system analysis provides an important tool combining all the relevant variables acting as parts of an interdependent total system. The realization that only such a wholistic approach can secure the maximum societal and economic benefits without harm for the environment constitutes the leading motive of the book. To achieve this aim of maximization of benefits and minimization of costs, for both man and his environment, we have the new urgent task to shift emphasis from excessive attention paid to resource-based recreational activities (which may prove environmentally unsound) to user-oriented urban and suburban recreation for broad masses of population including those economically and otherwise disadvantaged. This new trend has been reinforced by the energy crisis and the concern about rising costs of travel to recreation sites. The editors do not miss the point, providing a number of excellent articles dealing with urban recreation and the use of


Data analysis of conceptual similarities of Finnish verbs Krista Lagus (krista.lagus@hut.fi) Neural Networks Research Centre, Helsinki University of Technology P.O.Box 9800, 02015 HUT, Finland Anu Airola (anu.airola@helsinki.fi) Department of General Linguistics, University of Helsinki P.O.Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Mathias Creutz (mathias.creutz@hut.fi) Neural Networks Research Centre, Helsinki University of Technology P.O.Box 9800, 02015 HUT, Finland Abstract The study of the conceptual representations that underlie the use of language is a problem motivated from both a cognitive research point of view and that of construing language models for various lan- guage processing tasks. In this work, we organized 600 Finnish verbs using the SOM algorithm. Three experiments were conducted using different features to encode the verbs: morphosyntactic properties, individual nouns, and noun categories in the con- text of the verb. In general, the morphosyntactic properties seem to draw attention to semantic roles, whereas nouns as features seem to highlight clusters formed on grounds of topics in the text. Introduction Observation of language use provides indirect ev- idence of the representations that humans utilize. The study of conceptual representations that un- derlie the use of language is important for applica- tions such as speech recognition. Due to the redun- dancy in communication, by studying large amounts of data it may be possible to induce the concep- tual, system-internal representations which provide a grounding for meanings of words. Whether this is possible, and if so, how, is an interesting and con- troversial question. A central problem in learning a language or in estimating a language model-1 from data is how to generalize from particular observations to new, sim- ilar instances. Generalization requires knowledge of similarities between words, concepts and other units of language and thought, i.e., similarity representa- tions. The hypothesis that the semantic similarity of two words correlates strongly with the similarity of their contexts has been widely discussed in linguistics and psychology (for recent treatments, see Levin, 1993 and Miller & Charles, 1991). It has been proposed by Gardenfors that a cen- tral part of our conceptual reprensentations are 1For an introduction to statistical language modeling see (Manning & Schiitze, 1999). Their applications in- clude speech recognition, machine translation, and di- alogue agents that converse with humans in order to perform tasks such as answering questions about train schedules and booking flights. grounded in various low-dimensional conceptual spaces. A conceptual space is defined as a set of qual- ity dimensions with a geometrical structure (Gar- denfors, 2000). Examples of conceptual spaces near our perceptual apparatus are colors and the pitch of sounds. For many higher order concepts a geo- metric interpretation can be found, as well. For ex- ample, comparative relations such as 'longer than' can be represented as a geometric relation between two elementary length spaces. Gardenfors proposes a subset of concepts called natural concepts: A natural concept is represented as a set of re- gions in a number of domains together with an assignment of salience weights to the domains and information about how the regions in dif- ferent domains are correlated. An inherent and important property of the pro- posed conceptual spaces is that they provide a mean- ing representation that is ordered and offers means for representing similarities, often in terms of some continuous-valued underlying qualities. Gardenfors gives examples of conceptual spaces that humans are likely to have. However, an open research question remains for both brain research and the study of language use: What are the possible conceptual di- mensions that humans utilize'? In this work we analyze the use of Finnish2 verbs with the following goals in mind: (a) to uncover pos- sible conceptual spaces, i.e., underlying, organizing semantic qualities or properties, (b) to study seman- tic similarities of verbs in actual language use. In particular, we examine the kinds of semantic or con- ceptual ordering qualities that appear to affect the distribution of features in the immediate context of a verb, in particular (1) morphosyntactic properties of nearby words, and (2) the nearby nouns and (3) unsupervised categories of nearby nouns. In effect, we rely on the redundancy in communication and assume that certain regularities observed in the dis- tributions of verb contexts will contain significant information about the semantics of the verb as well. 2Most of the research on language is carried out us- ing English data only, which creates a too narrow or misleading picture of the modeling apparatus underly- ing language learning and use.


The objective of this study was to investigate self medication services at
Surabaya pharmacies to patients with constipation. Four variables including patient
assessment, recommendations, medicine information and non-medicine information
were investigated. This study was conducted using a simulated patient method, visiting
90 randomly selected pharmacies.
Da
ta about
the questions asked in patient assessment,
recommendations provided,
and
the content of information
given
were recorded
.
The results indicated that 25 out of 90 pharmacy staff (27,8%) assessed their
patients. P
atient's data that were collected during patient assessment included "
who the
patient was
"
 (5,6%),
patient's age (18,9%)
, symptoms experienced (8,9%), duration of
symptoms (7,8%)
, disease history (1,1%) and lifestyle (1,1%). All pharmacy staff
recommended medicines and no
ne provided referral to visit a doctor. Most pharmacy
staff gave medicine information (n=84, 93,9%). The contents of medicine information
g
iven directly by pharmacy staff included indications (1,1%), side effects (5,6%)
,
direction for use and dosage (14,4%),
time
 of use (40%) and storage (2,2%). Medicine
infor
mation given indirectly (on demand) by pharmacy staff was direction for use and
dosage (78,9%). Non-medicine information given by the staff (n=3, 3,3%) was related
to dietary management.
I
n conclusion, Surabaya pharmacy staff infrequently assessed their patients
prior to delivering non-prescription medicines for patients with constipation. Medicine
information was mostly provided on demand. Therefore, there is an urgent need to
imp
ro
ve pharmacy staff's ability to assess patients and provide
 information in order to
prevent medication errors
and
ensure rational therapy.


1Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; 3Department of Hematology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, Hunan 417000, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Gynaecological Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, People's Republic of China; 5Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common hematological diseases in adults. The overall survival rate remains unsatisfactory. It is urgent to identify potential prognostic biomarkers and develop new molecular therapeutic strategies for AML. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) is a family of genes that encode intracellular transcription factors. STATs are associated with leukemogenesis, cellular transformation, and cell cycle in AML. Methods: We used sequencing data and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and ONCOMINE to identify expression difference, gene variability and correlation as well as prognostic effects of STAT genes in AML patients. Then, we verified the expression difference of STAT6 between healthy control and AML patients and its prognostic impact in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and our own recruited cohort. Results: The mRNA level of STAT6 was increased in AML patients among TCGA, GEO and ONCOMINE public datasets and was found to be an independent risk factor of overall survival in all AML patients and patients who only received chemotherapy by multivariate analysis. In our study, STAT6 mRNA level was markedly up-regulated in AML patients (n=105) compared to healthy donor (n=39) (P=0.0435) as a validated cohort. Patients that only received chemotherapy in high STAT6 group showed significantly lower overall survival (OS) (P=0.0055). Conclusion: STAT6 expression was increased in AML patients. STAT6 was found to be an adverse prognosis factor in AML patients, especially those who only received chemotherapy treatments.


Municipal water samples were analyzed by membrane filter (MF) procedures for total coliforms, "background" counts, and 24-and 48-h, 35 °C plate counts. Presence–absence (P–A) tests were done on the samples for total coliforms and other indicator bacteria. The frequency of detection of indicator organisms by P–A tests was better than twice that recovered by MF analyses. When the 24-h plate count data were grouped into counting ranges of 0, 1–100, 101–1000, and > 1000, a marked inhibition effect was observed with total coliform MF recoveries on samples producing plate counts > 1000/mL. When the "background" and 48-h plate count results were placed in the corresponding counting ranges, inhibition of indicator organisms in the total coliform MF analyses was not observed. No inhibition effect was observed in the recovery of indicator organisms by P–A tests at any of the counting range levels. The presence of an apparent inhibition effect by high numbers of bacteria in a sample was shown to be influenced by the...


Nine normal adult cats ( 3 females and 6 males), and 9 kittens (5 females and 4 males) were used for this work. For histological study, tissues from each animal were fixed in Bouin's fluid and in Zenker-formol. Sections cut at 5 p were stained with Delafield's hematoxylin and eosin. The Golgi apparatus was studied in 3 p paraffin sections of tissues treated with the method of Da Fano, and with modified Flemming 's fluid (Worley, '46). Sections of tissues fixed in 10% forrnalin were treated with Gomori's ( '37) ammoniacal silver nitrate for argyrophilia. Other sections were stained with Verhoeff 's carbol fuchsin (Lillie, '48) f o r the study of acid-fast substances.


Introduction: Despite the proven safety and efficacy of vaccines, common diseases which can be prevented by regular vaccination, are still not controlled in all European countries. The most important barriers which parents encounter while making decisions about vaccination include unwanted vaccination effects, attitude towards the disease, and the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. Methods: The sample consisted of 1850 participants who have registered place of residence in one of the five cities in the region of the Tuzla Canton. The questioner was created by the authors of this paper and it consisted of 22 items which were divided into 4 categories. Results: Statistical analysis showed that more than half of participants who have declared themselves as vaccine skeptics had completed secondary school as their last level of education, and base their attitude on the information provided through the mass media sources without performing additional verification. It has been found that there is a certain percentage of healthcare workers with whom the parents contacted, and who advised them against the immunization of their child, which further deepens the skepticism of parents. Discussion: We need better and more efficient ways of informing and engaging the vaccine sceptic parents. This whole process cannot be left to the parents themselves, and the role of a healthcare professional is based on the fact that he/she is a reference person who will inform, through adequate communication, provide basic knowledge and help the parents during this entire process. Key Words: vaccine, active immunization, MMR vaccine, anti-vaccination movement


This paper presents an ultra-wideband range measurement model based on Gaussian processes. An analysis of the range measurement error with off-the-shelf ultra-wideband radio modules reveals a strong correlation between the reported error and the relative pose of the two ranging modules. A Gaussian process is trained for capturing this correlation and is included in the measurement model. Its effectiveness and real-time applicability are experimentally demonstrated on a quadrocopter platform.


Тле article deals with the results of clinical triallofa treatment modality of pseudoarthrosis (priority on the 23rd May, 2006, file number 2006 11 7605) using biotransplant that is demineralized bone allotransplant colonized by autologous mesenchymal stromal cells with the density of 7-10x10е in 1 cm2. Pseudoarthrosis of femoral bones and tibia was treated in 9 patients, with transosseous osteosynthesis being used in every case. In uncomplicated postoperative period the apparatus was dismantled and support ability of the leg was restored in 3 to 5 months, that is comparable to the time of healing of fractures of the same location. According to the X-ray and CT data the transplant density increased progressively without preliminary resorbtion, consolidation occurred mainly via transplant that allows to suppose not only osteoinductive influence, but also osteoconductive role.


We give the translation in semi-group theory of our proof ([5]) of an Hoermander theorem for fractional powers of diffusion generators which was using the Malliavin Calculus of Bismut type for boundary processes ([3]).


We have recently shown that (Z)-6-nonen-2-one serves in vivo as a precursor of the widely occurring bark beetle pheromone (+)-exo-brevicomin. The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical mechanism of this transformation. A novel application of stable isotope labeling technique, involving the incorporation of the stable isotope 18 O from labeled water and oxygen, has now been used to determine the nature of the biosynthetic intermediate and the stereochemistry of the biochemical transformation. The mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, was used as the test insect. MPBs exposed to [ 18 O]oxygen gas produced exo-brevicomin that was enriched in two atoms of 18 O/molecule, indicating that both oxygens of exo-brevicomin were derived from molecular oxygen


Polymer Matrix Composites are extending a wide range of applications in aviation in recent eras because of their better economics, well established processing, high temperature properties, high resistance to corrosion and fatigue. Directional properties of composites are dependent on the fibre orientation. Composites being anisotropic in nature are difficult to drill and machining and tooling of the composites remained a great challenge over time. This paper addresses the issues of various machining problems such as delamination, fibre pull-out, cracks on varying drilling parameters like feed rate and drilling speed. Experimental drilling was carried out on Fibre Reinforced Plastic composites with HSS drill bit. Results reveal that as the number of holes increases the entry and exit diameter and tapper of holes vary and also varying composite thickness results in a difference in hole roundness and tapper. This experiment summarizes that for achieving acceptable tool life and hole quality demands a drill d...


This paper presents an Agent Development Environment (ADE) for building distributed multi-agent applications. ADE provides a predefined class hierarchy of agents and agent parts, an agent communications "middleware", and a graphical language for designing and developing agent behavior based on the Grafcet standard. In addition, ADE provides a distributed simulation environment to test agent-based applications, and a center to deploy agents on the network. In this paper we provide a brief overview of ADE and present two Adaptive Control applications developed with ADE.


Operational issues associated with the integration of variable generation (VG) have led system operators and researchers to re-evaluate how reliability services are procured and at what levels they are required. Ramping reserve constraints are now being proposed and applied by several system operators to address the increasing variability and uncertainty in system schedules. The increasing environmental, economic, geographic and temporal interconnectedness of power systems means that the impact of additional reserve products can no longer be assessed in isolation. Although additional reserve categories are a practical short-term solution, in the longer term, greater coherence is required between policy objectives and operational strategies to avoid sub optimal operation.


This study compared the returns of stocks with dividends with the returns of the market. It compared the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrat Index with the S&P 500 Index. Results showed that over the recovery and recessionary phases of the last two business cycles, the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrat Index outperformed the S&P 500 Index by 6.45 percent per annum. This implies that stocks with dividends outperformed the market in recessions.


We introduce the concept of the polar topology T_M in view of Mackey convergence of sequences,and investigate the decomposion problems of the product topologies [(T_1×T_2)_M]_a and [(T_1×T_2)_M]~0 to obtain the results of [(T_1×T_2)_M]_a=(T_(1M))_a×(T_(2M))_a and [(T_1×T_2)_M]~0=(T_(1M))~0×(T_(2M))~0.