Better reversible switching and memory effects of a chalcogenide glass diode were observed in connection with the polarity-dependent threshold voltages. Thermal effects seem to be avoided in the functional process. A good reproducibility, realized by simple evaporations, will make a high packing density possible.


The growth and utilization of nitrogen by intensive Chlorella vulgaris in wastes from production of urea, containing 1300 mg NH4+-N and 4000 mg urea-N/1, was investigated. In these conditions only Chlorella vulgaris AA strain, adapted to high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, was able to grow. The elimination of nitrogen by continuous cultures was 750 mg urea-N/1 with 5-day flow rate. A considerable part of the urea was hydrolized by urease bacteria and removed in the form of NH3. The effect of intermittent light on the growth of algae was also studied. The better growth than in continuous light, was obtained with alternate one hour periods of light and darkness. Good results were also obtained with the use of 12 hour light and 12 hour darkness.


Let μ be a Radon measure on ℝd which may be non doubling, and let H 1(μ) be the Hardy space associated with μ introduced by Tolsa. In this paper, a new atomic characterization of H 1(μ) is established. Some applications of this characterization are also given. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Here, we propose a newly developed hybrid system of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) with phase-shifted coherent time-spreading for the future metro-access integrated network. In order to suppress the inter-band crosstalk from the WDM interfering channels, the sinc-apodizing technique is proposed for the super-structured fiber Bragg gratings (SSFBGs) as the add/drop filters. The suppression of crosstalk is demonstrated by two-channel WDM and OCDM experiments, compared with conventional SSFBGs with uniform index profile. The proposed method suppresses the crosstalk and shows the feasibility of the 160 (10 WDM 16 OCDM)-channel system.


Hydrogenic donor impurity states in the 2D GaAs=Ga0.7Al0.3As concentric double quantum rings have been investigated under the action of intense laser field. An analytical expression of the effective lateral confinement potential induced by the laser field is obtained. The laser dressed effect has been considered both on electron confining and electron-impurity Coulomb interaction potentials. The single electron energy spectrum and wave functions have been found using the effective mass approximation and exact diagonalization technique. The accidental degeneracy of the impurity states has been observed.


Thank you for reading water and the landscape a landscape architecture book. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this water and the landscape a landscape architecture book, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.


Purpose: The prime objective of the study is to examine the relationship between age diversity of the workforce and employees' performance.
Design/Research Methodology: Descriptive study surveyed 120 respondents through convenience sampling technique and has been tested with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Test's sampling adequacy (0.769) and Bartlett's sphericity test (p = 0.000). Descriptive and Inferential Analysis (Analysis of Variance – One Way, Correlation analysis and Regression Analysis) were deployed.
Findings: This study has found that Age Diversity of the workforce has a significant contribution to predict the employees' performance. Further, this study has revealed that Age Diversity of the workforce and employee performance differs across gender, age group, work experience and position of the employees.
Managerial Implications: When an organization ensuring the uniqueness among the age diversity of the workforce, they can achieve the reduced conflicts, high utilization of the human at work, can ensure the person-organization fit, person-job fit and person-group fit which will improve the performance of the employees in an organization.
Scope for future work/Limitations: This contribution mainly focused to measure the relationship between the age diversity of the workforce and employees' performance, and it has not studied any other diversities of the workforce like gender diversity, educational diversity and ethnicity. Further this contribution surveyed 120 respondents in the food processing industry, hence the result may or may not be applicable to the other industries.


This paper proposes a Tabu search-based method to transit network design problem. The whole design is performed in two phases. Firstly, the method of shortest path is used to produce a good initial solution. Then, Tabu search generates new solutions to realize the objective of decreasing user cost. And the computation result shows its good usability in Transit network design and optimization solution.


This paper investigates a proximity operations concept able to realize the demanding
requirements for on-orbit servicing spacecraft, while providing an efficient collision avoidance
strategy and reduced propellant consumption. In contrast to a traditional rendezvous approach
where the evaluation of the collision risk is only based on considerations done in the orbital plane,
here a relative eccentricity/inclination vector separation concept is proposed which promises
improved flexibility, robustness and reduced inter-spacecraft separations at a minimal collision
risk. In this paper the novel proximity operations concept, originally developed for geostationary
satellites and already used to operate low Earth orbit formations, is adopted to support far and mid
range operations of on-orbit servicing non-cooperative vehicles. After addressing the effects of the
relevant differential perturbations, suitable nominal relative motion geometries are derived based
on a real-world navigation accuracy analysis. Radar tracking data and GPS navigation solutions
for the client and servicer satellites respectively are used to trade minimum safety separations and
characteristics of the rendezvous entry gate. Finally a fuel-efficient formation keeping and
reconfiguration strategy is designed based on analytical solutions of the proposed linear motion
model


Objective] This study is to explore the role of preventing silicosis by using limestone sands substituting silica sands.[Methods] The incidence of silicosis was compared in the workers exposed to either silica dust or limestone dust in a steel casting factory.[Results] A high incidence of serious silicosis was observed in workers in the period when the silica sands were used,especially in the fettling process workshops,the incidence was 77.5%,silicosis occurred 5.2 years in average after starting work,but no one has suffered from silicosis during last 28 years since substituting silica with limestone.[Conclusion] It is an effective way of eliminating the occurrence of silicosis in fettling workers by substituting silica with limestone as molding material in steel casting factory.


In the systems such as satellite communication and mobile communication, the antenna with ring beam is needed. Based on ring-focus antennas, the antennas with ring beam with any departure angle can be realized. The design method of the antenna is provided and the formulae are derived strictly, then the real examples are computed, so the validity of the design method is testified. The antenna with ring beam has the advantages such as high gain and accurate beam direction.


We give three conditions on initial data for the blowing up of the corresponding solutions to some system of Klein-Gordon equations on the three dimensional Euclidean space. We first use Levine's concavity argument to show that the negativeness of energy leads to the blowing up of local solutions in finite time. For the data of positive energy, we give a sufficient condition so that the corresponding solution blows up in finite time. This condition embodies datum with arbitrarily large energy. At last we use Payne-Sattinger's potential well argument to classify the datum with energy not so large (to be exact, below the ground states) into two parts: one part consists of datum leading to blowing-up solutions in finite time, while the other part consists of datum that leads to the global solutions.


with the elevated bed head either with placebo or with ranitidine. The ranitidine group did statistically better than placebo, but esophagitis healed in 41% of patients randomized to placebo and conservative therapy.There has not been a properly designed and powered trial looking at the head of the bed elevation versus a flat bed in GERD patients. The authors of the study in this issue of the Journal suggest that because only patients with esophagitis have significant supine reflux and low basal LES pressure, postural changes may not be of benefit outside of this group. This is important because the majority of patients with GERD do not appear to have erosive esophagitis. As postural therapy relies on gravity to keep both acid within the stomach and improve esophageal drainage, it is reasonable to assume that patients with a weak LES would benefit most from these interventions. The data from this study support this claim, but a prospective study will be needed to fully answer that question. For example, there are no data that prove that patients with transient LES relaxations do not benefit from postural changes regardless of their basal LES pressure. In addition, peristaltic dysfunction was more common in both the esophagitis (52%) and pathological reflux (44%) groups when compared with the symptomatic-only group (28%). Perhaps postural changes will help control symptoms in patients with peristaltic dysfunction. Where does this leave us in regards to the recommendation of postural therapy for GERD? While I agree with the authors that these maneuvers may actually impair the quality of life in some patients, there are many patients who are quite comfortable and happy with the head of their bed elevated. I would still advocate postural therapy as an adjuvant to medical therapy of reflux, and discuss the possible benefit with most patients. The use of this treatment should be discontinued if it adversely affects the quality of life in an individual patient, and certainly should be reconsidered if it does not seem to be improving symptoms. It is also See article on page 1184


Abstract : Task Order No. 0001, Information Search of Toxic-Free Ammunition addresses issues related to toxic and environmentally harmful effects caused by the use of some of the current small arms ammunition. The effort has consisted of looking at the theoretical aspects of replacing metallic lead and lead compounds in both service and training cartridges, as well as the current practice.


In 2006, Microsoft became the first large gaming company to offer free of charge a professional development toolset for game programming called XNA. The pre-release version came out in March of 2006, and was followed by versions two, three, and four in 2007, 2008, and 2010 respectively [7]. XNA provides the ability to program directly on the graphics processing unit (GPU) using High Level Shader Language (HLSL). XNA also has a plug-in for Visual Studio that provides extensions to C# for developing games that run on the Xbox 360. In this paper, experiences learned while teaching game programming at the undergraduate junior/senior level in a CS Department using XNA 3.0 are related. This paper should be of interest to any computing instructors who are thinking about incorporating game programming into their curriculum.


Two novel bipolar deep-blue fluorescent emitters, IP-PPI and IP-DPPI featuring different lengths of phenyl bridge, were designed and synthesized, in which imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (IP) and phenanthroimidazole (PI) were proposed as an electron-acceptor and an electron donor respectively. Both exhibited outstanding thermal stability and high emission quantum yield. All the devices based on these two materials showed negligible efficiency roll-off with increasing current density. Impressively, non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on IP-PPI and IP-DPPI exhibited EQE of 4.85% and 4.74% with CIE coordinates of (0.153, 0.097) and (0.154, 0.114) at 10000 cd m-2, respectively. Besides, the 40 wt% IP-PPI doped device maintained high EQE of 5.23% with CIE coordinates of (0.154, 0.077) at 10000 cd m-2. The doped device based on 20 wt% IP-DPPI exhibited higher deep-blue electroluminescence (EL) performance with maximum EQE up to 6.13% at CIE of (0.153, 0.078) and remained EQE of 5.07% at 10000 cd m -2 . To the best of our knowledge, these performances are among the state-of-the art devices with CIEy ≤ 0.08 at a high brightness of 10000 cd m -2 . Furthermore, by doping a red phosphorescent dye Ir(MDQ)2 into IP-PPI and IP-DPPI hosts, high-performance red PhOLEDs with EQE of 20.8% and 19.1% were achieved, respectively. This work may provide a new approach for designing highly efficient deep-blue emitters with negligible roll-off for OLED applications.


This paper discusses the necessity of enterprise's information security work based on the sensitive information, probes theoretically into the causes why the sensitive information brings about the hidden danger to the information security, and puts forward some measures for minimizing the damage of the information security caused by the sensitive information.


Time to highlight cost-effectiveness When economies are booming, innovation in medicine proceeds apace. However, when the economic cycle turns inevitably to recession, we have to look hard at costeffectiveness. In every raft of new treatments, some will prove ineffective or even hazardous and will need to be thrown overboard. Others may be effective but too expensive to survive a cold economic wind. So in a recession, natural selection operates to slim the therapeutic armamentarium, ideally leaving it in better shape to progress when a recovery occurs. But how to decide which therapies to throw overboard? This important issue is tackled by Draycott et al. in a commentary on page 1571. They point out that because longterm clinical outcomes are difficult to measure, we tend to concentrate on process indicators as a proxy measure. However, simply measuring whether something is done does not guarantee that it is done well. This is especially true when the measurement is carried out by the organisation which is being paid to do it. They would say they do things well, wouldn't they? There is also a tendency to ignore things that are difficult to measure, such as how kind we are to our patients. So ultimately, we need to bite on the bullet and tackle the challenge of measuring outcomes, whether these are long-term health, or patient satisfaction. Draycott et al. make some important suggestions for suitable outcome measures and describe ways of rewarding teams and organisations that consistently produce good results and satisfied patients. To amplify his message, we asked William Grobman from the Northwestern University in Chicago (co-principal investigator of a study of the assessment of perinatal excellence, funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in the USA) to comment; his wise words emphasise that a successful search for valid measures of cost-effectiveness is vital for all health systems around the world. When is induction of labour in hypertensive pregnancy cost-effective? Last year the Lancet reported the results of a randomised controlled trial of early induction of labour at term compared with expectant monitoring of singleton pregnancies involving gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia – the HYPITAT trial (Koopmans et al. Lancet 2009;374(9694): 979–88). Thirty-one percent of pregnancies induced had at least one type of poor maternal outcome (maternal mortality or maternal morbidity such as eclampsia, HELLP [haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count] syndrome, pulmonary oedema, thromboembolic disease, or placental abruption) compared with 44% of pregnancies allocated to expectant monitoring. There was no significant detriment to the baby from earlier induction (although it should be noted that the mean gestational age at delivery in the induction group was 38.7 weeks [75% were 37.9 weeks or more], and so the conclusion might not hold before 38 weeks). Koopmans et al. therefore concluded that women should be advised that induction of labour was beneficial. But does this policy have economic as well as well as health benefits? On page 1577 Vijgen et al. report that it does, with induction being 11% cheaper. Good news for both mothers and accountants. Given the pressures for cost-effectiveness highlighted above, we commissioned a commentary on this topic by Hezelgrave and Shennan (page 1575). They applaud Vijgen et al. for running an economic evaluation alongside their trial so that they could not only report the medical outcomes but also provide evidence about cost-effectiveness. However, they also point out significant remaining uncertainties about the results. For example, they did not distinguish between gestational hypertension and mild pre-eclampsia (which many consider to be different conditions), and it may be that conservative management of gestational hypertension is safer than with pre-eclampsia. Moreover, the trial was not powered to examine the longer-term neonatal consequences of earlier delivery (babies in the induced group weighed on average 270 g less than babies in the expectant management group). This highlights the need for economic evaluation to include long-term considerations. This is especially important in obstetrics, when interventions often have lifelong consequences, which for the baby might be as long as 80 years. Indeed, as the Scandinavian birth registries often reveal, the implications of our interventions reverberate through the generations.


.......................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of Study ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Objectives ......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Research Contributions .................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................... 6 1.7 The structure of the thesis ................................................................................................ 6 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ 8 2.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Theoretical Review .......................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Agency Theory .......................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Resource dependence theory ................................................................................... 10 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh


This book has the ambitious aim to provide a comprehensive framework on how to plan sustainable cities and regions, and uses the case of the San Francisco Bay area as an example. Chapple highlights...


This thesis presents a planning strategy to facilitate the conservation of the natural environment of rivers that are subject to human activities.Attached to this paper is a flow chart indicating the process to establish a design implementation programme for river projects. The flow chart is formulated from an environmental management perspective and consists of 2 parts:-the classification of river sections on the basis of established criteria; and-the selection of sites for specific designThis consept of river conservation planning is intended to facilitate the protection of the natural environment and to improve and enhance it in a step by step design programme.


After multistage hydraulic fracturing of shale gas reservoir, a complex fracture network is formed near the horizontal wellbore. In postfracturing flowback and early-time production period, gas and water two-phase flow usually occurs in the hydraulic fracture due to the retention of a large amount of fracturing fluid in the fracture. In order to accurately interpret the key parameters of hydraulic fracture network, it is necessary to establish a production decline analysis method considering fracturing fluid flowback in shale gas reservoirs. On this basis, an uncertain fracture network model was established by integrating geological, fracturing treatment, flowback, and early-time production data. By identifying typical flow-regimes and correcting the fracture network model with history matching, a set of production decline analysis and fracture network interpretation method with consideration of fracturing fluid flowback in shale gas reservoir was formed. Derived from the case analysis of a typical fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoirs, the interpretation results show that the total length of hydraulic fractures is 4887.6 m, the average half-length of hydraulic fracture in each stage is 93.4 m, the average fracture conductivity is 69.7 mD·m, the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) is

 418
 ×

 10

 4

 m

 3

 , and the permeability of SRV is

 5.2
 ×

 10

 −
 4

 mD

 . Compared with the interpretation results from microseismic monitoring data, the effective hydraulic fracture length obtained by integrated fracture network interpretation method proposed in this paper is 59% of that obtained from the microseismic monitoring data, and the effective SRV is 83% of that from the microseismic monitoring data. The results show that the fracture length is smaller and the fracture conductivity is larger without considering the influence of fracturing fluid.


Arthur P. Bedou (July 6, 1882 – July 2, 1966) was an African-American photographer based out of New Orleans, Louisiana.


While sharing files in a peer-to-peer (P2P) system significantly increases both the speed of retrieving the contents and the robustness of the system, tracing the access of files is not straightforward, even in the case of private P2P networks. In fact, a participant that has uploaded a file to a P2P network is not necessarily involved in its download. Additionally, due to the nature of the P2P network it is possible for a participant to already have all the fragments of a file, even before requesting it.
This work tries to address the problem of tracing file access in a private P2P file sharing network through the use of blockchains to improve quality of service and auditability. To this end, the proposed solution combines three elements: (1) A distributed hash table network that is used to distribute encrypted files with redundancy amongst the partner peers; (2) Shamir's secret sharing scheme to split the secret keys of each file; (3) A blockchain network to distribute and manage the secret shares amongst the partner peers. In fact, the latter makes access to a file undeniable to every node of the network.
The solution is relevant for consortia that manage a shared data pool on base of P2P technology with unrestricted access to files but where access to a file has to be recorded due to legal or billing reasons.


Introduction: the article is devoted to the lexical and grammatical features of the verbal vocabulary functioning in the songs of Bears Games, based on the material of the book «The Songs of the Kazym River in The Collection of the Okrug House of Folk Art». The book presents field material recorded by employees of the Okrug House of Folk Art in 1988–1992s in the Yuilsk settlement of Beloyarsky District and in the Kyshik settlement of Khanty-Mansiysky District. In the course of the study, the archaic vocabulary, existing in this sphere, and word-formation means, attached to the root of the verb and modifying its meaning, are revealed. Objective: to identify the archaic verbal vocabulary presented in the texts of Bear's songs; to give the most complete lexicographic description; to consider the word-formation system of verbal units. Research materials: the collection «Songs of the Kazym River in The Collection of the Okrug House of Folk Art» (2019), bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language. Results and novelty of the research: in the paper, for the first time the verbal vocabulary of the texts of Bear's songs is analyzed; archaic lexemes that are not represented in modern dictionaries of the Kazym dialect, but find separate parallels in the eastern and southern dialects, are identified; 18 verbal word-formation morphemes are identified, among them suffixes that are not represented in modern grammars. The most commonly used suffixes are the multiplicity and duration suffixes =iλә=, =ijәλ=/=ĭjәλ=, =әt'λ'ә= / =λ'ә=.


Make use of VC++6.0 to develop the expert system for the fault diagnosis of NC machine tools,which denotes its data library and knowledge library with objects and answers the cause of NC machine tools fault simply and efficiently by forwards reasoning.Its reasoner,knowledge library and data library are universal,which can be used in others fields by little modification.


Six‐week‐old Pinus sylvestris seedlings were exposed separately and simultaneously to sulphur dioxide and simulated sulphuric acid irrigation applied through the growth medium. At the end of experiments the growth of seedlings and the sulphur content of the needles were measured and the structural changes in the primary needles and growing long root tips at the light and electron microscope level were observed. Seedlings exposed to sulphur dioxide showed an increase in needle sulphur content without visible alterations or changes in the growth of seedlings. In needle mesophyll cell chloroplasts thylakoid swelling and decrease in size of starch grains were observed. Combined sulphur dioxide and simulated sulphuric acid irrigation caused greater ultrastructural alterations in needles than sulphur dioxide alone. Acid irrigation alone did not have any effect on the needles, but it caused injuries in the root cortical cell ultrastructure, whereas sulphur dioxide alone did not cause any observable structural ef...


<b> Abstract</b>: The rheological behavior of polyacrylamide solution is measured with cone-and-plate vis cometerand damped oscillation torsion pendulum equipment. The relationship between viscosity, relaxa tiontime and shear rate is analyzed by a three-element fluid model. The pressure drop of the flow of viscoelastic fluid through porous media consists of two parts, that is a viscous part and an elastic part. The modified Blake-Kozeny model represents the flow of a power-law fluid through the porous media. A dimensionless number, which is equivalent to the Deborah number, is formulated to represent the elastic effect. An equation is proposed to calculate the elastic pressure drop, which contains the dimensionless number, velocity, core properties (permeability and porosity), fluid pro perties(flow behavior index and consistency index) and coefficients which are determined experimentally. A modified bed factor is defined to expand the modified Blake-Kozeny model into the proposed model for the viscoelastic fluid. Equations of pressure drop, Reynolds number, apparent viscosity and resistance fa ctorfor the flow of viscoelastic fluid through porous media are formulated with the modified bed factor. The model is compared with the experimental data of the flow of polyacrylamide solutions through Berea sandstone. The relationship of fRe=1 exists in the experimental ranges. The calculated values of the apparent viscosity approximately agree with the experimental data.


A developable surface can be formed by bending or rolling a planar surface without stretching or tearing; in other words, it can be developed or unrolled isometrically onto a plane. Developable surfaces are widely used in the manufacture of items that use materials that are not amenable to stretching such as the formation of ducts, shoes, clothing and automobile parts including upholstery and body panels (Frey & Bindschadler 1993). Designing a ship hull entirely of developable surfaces would allow production of the hull using only rolling or bending. Heat treatment would only be required for removal of distortion, thus greatly reducing the labor required to form the hull. Although developable surfaces play an important role in various manufacturing applications, little attention has been paid to implementing developable surfaces from the onset of a design. This paper investigates novel, user friendly methods to design complex objects using B-spline developable surfaces based on optimization techniques. Illustrative examples show the substantial improvements this method achieves over previously developed methods.


Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroloscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany, Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany and Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands


This paper combines the supplementary variable method and the phase method to analyze the steady-state of GI/Ek/1 with finite waiting room. Although there have been many studies made on the queue with finite waiting room, there has not been a study of GI/Ek/1 which determines the characteristic quantities and discusses the characteristics by numerical computation. This paper defines first the residual arrival time as the supplementary variable and derives steady-state basic equations for the joint probability density functions of that variable and the total remaining number of phases in the system. Using Laplace transform, the solutions are represented by the joint probability densities for the remaining number of phases and the zero remaining arrival time. the value of joint probability densities is determined, if the distribution function of arrival interval is given, by solving a system of linear equations by numerical computation. Using that solution, various characteristic quantities are represented such as number of customers in the system, actual waiting time, response time, distribution of busy period length, distribution of idle period length, loss probability and power. Finally, the analytical result for GI/M/1/N is found to be equal to the known result, and as a numerical example characteristic quantities of GI/E4/1/4* are illustrated, together with the discussion for the characteristics.


Submitted for the DFD11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Drag on Flexible, Slender Bodies Streamlined in Turbulent Flow JEFFREY ROMINGER, HEIDI NEPF, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology — Dynamic reconfiguration in response to turbulent fluid forcing alters the instantaneous drag forces on flexible, slender bodies, such a submerged aquatic plants. In this study we experimentally investigate the role of plant morphology, specifically length and structural stiffness, in reducing instantaneous drag forces on flexible plastic strips streamlined in turbulent flow. We limit this investigation to the stable regime of fluidsolid interactions, which is typical of many species of submerged aquatic vegetation. First the structural stiffness of the flexible strips is varied to determine how bending in response to turbulent fluid forces can alter instantaneous drag forces. We also investigate the role played by the ratio of the turbulence lengthscale to the length of the plastic strips. When the turbulence lengthscale is similar to or larger than the strip length, turbulent forces can act coherently over the length of the strip, which may enhance instantaneous forces. In contrast, when the turbulence lengthscale is smaller than the strip, the instantaneous forces can be non-coherent and interfere destructively, reducing the effect of the instantaneous forces on the strip. Jeffrey Rominger Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Date submitted: 09 Aug 2011 Electronic form version 1.4


LabPET™ is a novel APD‐based PETscanner with quasi‐individual crystal readout and highly parallel digital architecture for high‐performance in vivo molecular imaging of small animals. It consists of 16 rings, 16.2 cm in diameter, each formed by 192 2×2×(9.9–11.3) mm3 scintillators assembled in LYSO/LGSO phoswich pairs read out by an avalanche photodiode(APD). The field of view extends up to 110 mm in diameter by 37.5 mm axially. The dual‐crystal readout scheme avoids resolution degradation due to light‐ or charge‐sharing and enables very high singles count rates with low dead time. Advanced parallel algorithms for signal processing and analysis implemented in high‐performance programmable devices perform crystal identification, energy discrimination and time stamping of individual pixels in real‐time. Virtually error‐free crystal identification is achieved using an auto‐regressive moving average method. Coincidence events are sorted in real‐time and recorded in list‐mode, together with scanner status information and animal physiological data. The intrinsic spatial resolution (both radial and axial) at the FOV center is 1.2 mm FWHM (2.3 mm FWTM). The 1.2‐mm diameter hot rods can be clearly resolved in images of a resolution phantom. Preliminary time resolutions of 2.5 and 3.9 ns FWHM were obtained respectively for LYSO‐LYSO and LGSO‐LGSO coincidences using an auto‐regressive least‐mean square timing algorithm. The system is implemented with ancillary devices (injectors, life‐sign monitors, blood counter…) controlled through a centralized user‐interface, offering a fully integrated solution for performing demanding molecular imaging investigations with increased throughput in a busy research environment.


OBJECTIVE
To prepare membrane controlled tablets of puerarin sinclusion compound and to investigate the drug release in vitro.

METHOD
The single factors affecting drug release in vitro were investigated. Then, uniform design was used to optimize the formulation of controlled osmotic-pump tablets.

RESULT
Drug release profiles in vitro were affected obviously by membrane thickness, penetrating agents and porogen.

CONCLUSION
Membrane controlled tablets of puerarin inclusion compound were prepared according to the optimal formulation with zero-order kinetics.


An attempt has been made to develop the manganese−based and workable damping alloys containing 20 at% copper, together with 20r 5 at%additive elements, such as nickel, iron, cobalt, vanadium, chromium, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, zinc and tin. Nickel was the most effective element for increasing damping capacity of a Mn−20Cu alloy. The second rank− ing elements were followed by iron, cobalt, aluminium, and zinc. A group of additive elements consisting of vana− dium, zirconium, titanium, and chromium, showed some effect with the addition of 2%, but not with that of 5%. Tin was ineffective even with addition of 2%and 5%. We have discussed a correlation between additive elements and the effectiveness, on the basis of the following two viewpoints:(1)the solubility of additive elements in man− ganese or copper and(2)the possibility of the precipitation or the primary crystallization during solidification. We found that the damping capacity may increase proportionaly with the increased solubility of additive elements in manganese or copper. This effect Qf nickel addition may be related to formation of a complete solid solution for manganese and Little effectiveness of the additive elements, as chromium, zirconium, and may be associated with little solubility for parent phase and with the possibility of the precipitation and the pri− mary crystallization. The elements, showing a large solubility for one side and little for other side, such as iron, vanadium, and zinc, may yield the medium effect, depending on the additive quantity. We con− cluded that in manganese−based alloys the improvement of the damping characteristics may be obtained by the ad− ditive elements that have a large solubility without forming second phases during heat treatment or solidification. An a value of O.28 in logarithmic decrement(a value of 43%in specific damping in tensile strength, and 27%elongation.


The evaluation of word importance is one of the important steps for extraction.Currently a popular extraction method is to evaluate the comprehensive weight for every content word in terms of their attributes,the chance for a content word to be selected as keyword is determined by its comprehensive weight.Word location,word frequency,word POS and the concurrency with cue words are all key elements for the computation of comprehensive weight.In this paper,the impacts of these elements on keyword extraction are first analyzed from the theoretical and statistical angle,and then GA is utilized to optimize the coefficient of these attributes.The test on the human-tagged corpus verifies that our method is feasible


The shortcomings about these days clustering algorithm considering the condition of planar adjacency relationship are analysised.The clustering algorithm considering the condition of planar adjacency relationship is defined again newly from the general clustering.In order to dealing with the clustering considering the condition of planar adjacency relationship,the concept adjacency matrix is defined.The genetic-clustering algorithm considering the condition of planar adjacency relationship is put forward,partitioning samples on the best-close distance and adjacency matrix,calculating cluster aim function on within-group sum of squares(WGSS) error,importing genetic algorithm.The algorithm is validated and compared with the FCM clustering outcome by examples.Algorithm testing show: the genetic-clustering algorithm considering the condition of planar adjacency relationship is completely feasible and availability.


The present invention more particularly, the upper side of the base the base that is formed in a lower portion of the cooking container of the working method and the cooking utensil of the cooking vessel - for pad printing or screen printing to the upper side of the coating layer-coating layer is formed on said base the print is printed layer that is formed through the tower to the upper side of the printed layer is the inventor of the cooking vessel that is provided by the processing method and the processing method of a cooking vessel on which a coating layer is formed. The non-stick, but the coating using a fluororesin series of fine deformation in the substrate by the firing at the surface strength is weak (H2 ~ 3) or peeled during use at high temperature (400 degrees) problems for the cooking vessel that is commonly used in It will occur. However, the sol-ceramic coating method using the gel method after the cooking since the benefits do not take off the surface strength is strong (H8 ~ 9) can be used for seminars metal spatula and the washing water can always be used in a sanitary manner and the low temperature is baked at (200 degrees) it was also described solve the problem occurring variants can be coated in a variety of materials. The cooking vessel invention as described above, the base used - as a printed layer having various patterns to the upper side of the coated layer been formed doeeojim the color of the print layer is modified according to the temperature of heat transfer to the cooking vessel through the print layer and the cooking the user the temperature delivered to the container is possible with the naked eye judgment. In addition, the base - which is formed in the upper side of the coating layer is a top-coating layer of the component, iron, magnesium, interest of users been shown in a variety of patterns to the upper side of the cooking vessel, depending on the viewing angle mixtures of cobalt and the like in response to a magnet It is provided to enable the cause.


The host molecule 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)azo] anthraquinone was designed and synthetized,that can recognize the anion,with o-hydroxy of phenolic as recognition site and anthraquinonyl and azo group as signal group.The UV-Vis absorption spectra showed that the host molecule could recognize F-and Ac-in naked eye in DMSO solution,there was the remarkable changes in absorption spectra and the color of the solution turned from yellow to blue green,but the addition of the other anions did not affect its identification to F-and Ac-.The recognition mechanism was preliminarily discussed to indicate that the hydrogen bond was formed between host molecule and anions,which promoted the intramolecular charge-transfer,resulting in a significant red shift of the absorption spectra.Besides,the solvent had some effects on the reaction between the host molecule and anions.


Gross cystic breast disease may be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. There are two groups of mammary cysts: those lined by apocrine epithelium (intracystic sodium to potassium (Na:K) ratio < 3) and those lined by flattened epithelium (intracystic Na:K ratio > 3). Cell adhesion molecules may be involved in various stages of tumour metastasis. Intracystic levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1) and soluble E‐selectin (sE‐selectin) were measured. Significantly greater concentrations of sVCAM‐1 and sE‐selectin occurred in the high‐electrolyte ratio group than in the low (P <0·001). A positive correlation was found between sVCAM‐1 and sE‐selectin (rS = 0·827, P <0·001) which may be a chance observation or suggest a common mechanism of entry into mammary cysts. The significance of these soluble cell adhesion molecules in breast cyst fluid requires elucidation.


Objective: The conventional treatment for Anterior Maxillary Vertical Excess (AMVE) is surgical reduction and rigid fixation which has low patient acceptance. However, intrusion of some selected AMVE cases can be achieved with minimal intervention using micro plate anchorage, thus expediting and simplifying their management. The present paper demonstrates the efficacy of microplate anchorage in the intrusion of anterior maxilla. Methods: A total of 7 patients (2 males and 5 females) in the age group of 13–43 years were treated for anterior maxillary vertical excess. Anterior maxillary intrusion was carried out using two hole microplates anchored bilaterally at the naso maxillary buttress and closed coil spring attached to the arch wire. The activation was carried out at monthly interval. Results: The mean duration of surgical procedure was 18.4 minutes and the mean duration for intrusion was 4.86 months (3–7 months). The patients compliance were overall good and the average amount of intrusion achieved was 4.14 mm. All the patients were satisfied with post treatment smile. Conclusion: The result of this study elucidates that intrusion using micro plates is an easy, efficient, safe and cost effective option in the management of AVME. It is less invasive with acceptable clinical and radiographic outcome. Careful case selection is needed for achieving satisfactory result and smile.


Introduction. The study of the problems of formation and use of state financial resources, financial security of public sector economic entities in the conditions of reforming the management of public finances is of great importance for financial science and practice. The scientific value of such research depends on the skillful use of methodological approaches and is reflected in the quality of the conclusions drawn and the proposed theoretical and practical recommendations. Today, financial science uses a number of methodological approaches that make it possible to deeply understand the meaning of financial phenomena and processes. However, there is a need for an in-depth analysis of these approaches, the relationships between them, the availability of appropriate tools and methods of their use for the depth of scientific research.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and practical foundations of methodological approaches to the study of state financial resources and financial security of economic entities in the context of reforming public finance management, as well as the effectiveness of their use in financial scientific research.

Methods. The work uses dialectical, hermeneutic, systemic, holistic, project-oriented, process, cybernetic, informational, synergistic, institutional, structural, historical, functional, structural-functional, sociocultural, behavioral approaches. The results of the research were obtained through the use of methods of generalization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, descent from the concrete to the abstract and from the abstract to the concrete, evaluation, description, prediction, and others.

Results. The content and components of the methodology of modern financial science are considered. The relationship between methodological approaches and methods in financial scientific research is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the place of state financial resources and financial security of public sector economic entities among financial categories and concepts of state finance using the main laws of dialectics – the law of transition of quantity into quality and the law of unity and struggle of opposites. Approaches to the determination of financial resources in the process of capital circulation in accordance with the dialectical law of negation of negation are clarified. The relationship between the management of financial security, financial resources of public sector economic entities and the budget process using the structural-functional approach is analyzed. Other methodological approaches in the study of state financial resources and financial security of economic entities in the conditions of public finance management reform are characterized.

Conclusions. Proposals regarding the use of methodological approaches to the study of state financial resources and financial security of economic entities in the conditions of public finance management reform are substantiated. In further scientific research, special attention will be paid to the use of the considered methodological approaches in scientific research, which will make it possible to deepen the theoretical and practical foundations of the objects of research.


Matched‐field processing (MFP) must frequently be employed under conditions of significant environmental and array element location mismatch. This necessitates the development of techniques that stabilize MFP with respect to mismatch errors for successful matched‐field localization of submerged sources. A technique that offers this kind of stability (as well as some noise rejection) is incoherent frequency averaging [A. Baggeroer, W. Kuperman, and H. Schmidt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 571–587 (1988)]. This technique incoherently averages a number of single‐frequency matched‐field ambiguity surfaces together to simulate broadband averaging. Its ability to suppress signal and noise sidelobes has already been demonstrated [G. B. Smith, D. R. DelBalzo, and C. Feuillade, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 83, S101 (1988)]. In this paper, the ability of incoherent frequency averaging to suppress false peaks caused by destabilization due to mismatch errors is investigated. In this preliminary study, mismatch errors are modeled as random perturbations of the phases of the complex pressures. It is demonstrated that this technique does offer significant stabilization with respect to these random phase errors. The relationship between the number of surfaces needed in the average and the amount of random phase error introduced will be investigated. [This work is supported by the NOARL basic research program.]Matched‐field processing (MFP) must frequently be employed under conditions of significant environmental and array element location mismatch. This necessitates the development of techniques that stabilize MFP with respect to mismatch errors for successful matched‐field localization of submerged sources. A technique that offers this kind of stability (as well as some noise rejection) is incoherent frequency averaging [A. Baggeroer, W. Kuperman, and H. Schmidt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 571–587 (1988)]. This technique incoherently averages a number of single‐frequency matched‐field ambiguity surfaces together to simulate broadband averaging. Its ability to suppress signal and noise sidelobes has already been demonstrated [G. B. Smith, D. R. DelBalzo, and C. Feuillade, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 83, S101 (1988)]. In this paper, the ability of incoherent frequency averaging to suppress false peaks caused by destabilization due to mismatch errors is investigated. In this preliminary study, mismatch errors are ...


The objective of this paper is to track the maximum power from Photovoltaic panel by varying the converter duty cycle with the help of fuzzy logic based maximum power point tracker. The input parameters of fuzzy logic controller are error (E) and change in error (ΔE). The fuzzy logic controller will generate the converter duty cycle for the inputs given to it from the Photovoltaic panel under various operating conditions. Photovoltaic system including a solar panel, a fuzzy maximum power point tracker, a step up (boost) converter and a resistive load are designed and simulated.


Abstract Portunus pelagicus (blue swimmer crab) is widely distributed and fished throughout the indo-west Pacific, but little is known of its biology and ecology in southeast Australia. In this study, the reproductive biology of P. pelagicus inhabiting Wallis Lake, a large coastal lake that supports the largest regional commercial fishery for the species was investigated. Males and females with mature gonads occur throughout the fishing season (November to July), however, ovigerous females are most prevalent in November and December. The mean size at which 50% of females reached maturity is estimated at 46 mm carapace length (CL). Fecundity increased linearly with CL and females are capable of producing up to 3 broods of eggs within the observed spawning season, with crabs of 60-69 mm CL producing approximately 76% of the estimated total egg production. Increasing the current minimum carapace length above 60 mm CL would potentially provide greater protection to mature females and increase total egg production, but this would reduce total retained catches in the fisheries.


This article is centered on the study and description of the ways of identification and designation of the surrounding reality phenomena in two cultures - Russian and Chinese. Special attention is paid to the significance of the national-cultural specificity of the word. The article considers both general issues of ethno-cultural phenomena nomination and its specific cases, namely, the functioning of non-equivalent vocabulary and ways of its translation from Chinese into Russian. It also gives a brief overview of the distribution dynamics in modern Chinese prose and the problems of studying Yu Hua's work in Russia. The aim of the article is to reveal the importance of translations of modern Chinese fiction as sources of studying non-equivalent vocabulary and translation strategies when working on characteristic word-markers of Chinese culture used in the novel "To Live" by the outstanding modern Chinese writer Yu Hua. The  study is based on the translation of the novel in question, made by the Russian scholar R. G. Shapiro. The article determines thematic groups of non-equivalent vocabulary in the novel "To Live" (word-designations of new Chinese life, ethnographisms, historicisms, background and connotative words) and the main translation methods of their transfer (borrowing, description, hyperonyms, etc.). Special attention is paid to approximate or inappropriate translations in the text, due to the translator's ignorance of the semantics of non-equivalent words, which ultimately leads to an imperfect understanding of Chinese culture.


The authors reported previously that the inheritance of a variegated strain in rice plays due to mutable plastids. Further investigations of some lines were continued after generations, with the results mentioned below. ( 1 ) The reciprocal crosses were made among common green rice, variegated strain in question, ajo:d green, and yellow lines from the var.iegated one. Thus F1 and F2 genefations were investigated, and all of those behaved as maternal inheritance (Tab. 1). Then( 2 ) three special variegated lines from the original variegated strain were tested (Tab. 2) and they were idehtifiod on the basis of the occurrence of albinotic and mosaic seedlings as well as the degree of variegation and developmental feature of it. M )reover ( 3 ) a mutated line showing yellowseedlings was obtained (Tab. 3) and this line denoted somewhat lower growth than the usual one (Tab. 4). Gradually the yellow seedlings became green from near the vein of leaf on 5 - 6, days after germination. Thus after 8-9 days they beca-me almost usual green leaves. The feature of yellow seedlings was indistinct in some year. and it seemed to be clear when sowed in a season of low temperature. Therefore ( 4 ) a preliminary test for temperature was done at the stage of gen:nination. In late July, matterials treated for 2 days with water were maintained 3 - 5 days at temperatures 5, lO, 15, 18, 21, 25 and 40 'C respectively. Then they were removed to the usual room (ca. 30'C) and the colour of seedling leaves was obsereved. From this result (Tab. 5) the 2nd leaf of seedlings maintained at 15'C showed yellow clearly, but no reaction around 30'C (room temperature). Moreover, at a temperature as low as 5 'C the change of colour was indistinct, perhaps depending upon almost stoppage of growth. At a high temperature as 40'C, the leaf also became somewhat yellow due to inhibition of chlorophyil formation.


We carried out a near-infrared radial velocity search for Jupiter-mass planets around 36 late M dwarfs. This survey was the first of its kind undertaken to monitor radial velocity variability of these faint dwarfs. For this unique survey we employed the 10-m Keck II on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. With a resolution of 20,000 on the near-infrared spectrograph, NIRSPEC, we monitored these stars over four epochs in 2007. In addition to the measurement of relative radial velocity we established physical properties of these stars. The physical properties of M dwarfs we determined included the identification of neutral atomic lines, the measurement of pseudo-equivalent widths, masses, surface gravity, effective temperature, absolute radial velocities, rotational velocities and rotation periods. The identification of neutral atomic lines was carried out using the Vienna Atomic line Database. We were able to confirm these lines that were previously identified. We also found that some of the lines observed in the K-type stars, such as Mg I though weak, still persist in late M dwarfs. Using the measurement of pseudo-equivalent widths (p-EW) of 13 neutral atomic lines, we have established relations between p-EW and spectral type. Such relations serve as a tool in determining the spectral type of an unknown dwarf star by means of measuring its p-EW. We employed the mass-luminosity relation to compute the masses of M dwarfs. Our calculations indicate these dwarfs to be in the range of 0.1 to 0.07 solar masses. This suggests that some of the late M dwarfs appear to be in the Brown dwarf regime. Assuming their radii of 0.1 solar radii, we calculated their surface gravity. The mean surface gravity is, log g = 5.38. Finally their effective temperature was determined by using the spectral-type iii temperature relationship. Our calculations show effective temperatures in the range of 300


ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to develop a novel folic acid conjugated, DL-lysine modified, PEGylated, the 3rd generation hyperbranched polymer (HBP-PEG-Lys-FA) for use in receptor-mediated therapy. 5-fluorouracil, model anti-cancer drug, loaded nanoparticles were found an average size of 177 nm with loading efficiency of 23.18%. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated that nanoparticles showed pH-dependent release. HBP-PEG-Lys-FA were efficiently taken up by HeLa cells and specificity of targeted nanoparticles to folate receptors of cells was proved. It was concluded that the HBP-PEG-Lys-FA nanoparticles can provide an advantage on delivering of the drug efficiently into the cytosol for cancer therapy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


n recent years, a plethora of fraudulent papers have been published in medical and scientific journals, which have been retracted by the editors sometime after their publication. The dilemma that this type of dishonesty poses for science in general, and for journal editors in particular, must give pause for reflection. In this essay, I shall briefly review fraud and plagiarism which are serious scientific research misconducts, and dishonesty, which concerns manipulation or suppression of some data. The topics which will not be discussed, however, are publications concerning parapsychology; alternative medicine; intelligent design, or other such subjects which do not follow a strict scientific methodology and are deemed to fall out with the mainstream of scientific worldview. Fraud is defined as 'fabrication or falsification in performing or reporting research results.' The "Piltdown Man" hoax is perhaps the most famous case of scientific fraud in history and remained unexposed for forty years. This forgery consisted of the lower jawbone of an Orangutan combined with the skull of a fully modern Man, and touted as the discovery of the 'missing link' postulated as the intermediary in the evolution of hominids from apes. This skull was "found' in a gravel pit at Piltdown in England by Charles Dawson in 1912. It was only in 1953, almost forty years later, that it was exposed as a forgery. The next major fraudulent publication that exploded into public attention belonged to Sir Cyril Burt concerning the heritability of intelligence (as measured by intelligence quotient [IQ] tests). Sir Cyril Burt (1883 – 1971) was an English educational psychologist who was appointed as Professor and Chair of Psychology at University College, London in 1931; was elected as President of the British Psychologic Society in 1942; and was knighted in 1946. His prestige and influence were paramount throughout his later career and life and so it was not until after his death that his earlier publications came under scrutiny and some fraudulent misconduct were exposed with regard to his twin studies and the IQ. It was Leon Kamin who first noticed that the correlation coefficients of the twins' IQ scores were the same to three decimal places across various articles and different studies. Leslie Hearnshaw, a close friend and associate of Burt and his official biographer, also concluded that some of his data were unreliable or fraudulent. Other accusations against Burt include the fact that he claimed "to have developed the method of factor analysis in psychologic testing, although his mentor and predecessor as Chair of the Psychology Department at University College, London, Charles Spearman had actually done so." The fact that many of his alleged 'twins' were untraceable as were his alleged collaborators and co-authors; Margaret Howard and J.Conway, also marred his reputation. Several of Burt's friends and students, including W.D. Hamilton, attempted to rehabilitate his reputation, but once tainted by such preponderance of accusations, Burt's name remained tarnished. The degree of heritability of intelligence remains a contentious issue, replete with bias and controversy, involving racial supremacy, class distinction, and eugenics, the veracity and the ethical dilemmas of which still remain unresolved. In the last decade, several other fraudulent publications have come to light including a paper by Andrew Wakefield published in the Lancet in 1998 which linked autism with the MMR vaccine; Jessica Lee Grol, "a neurologic surgery research project coordinator at the University of Pittsburgh in the US who had fabricated records of fifteen patients in a cerebral aneurysm study"; Victor Ninov who had fabricated the discovery of two new chemical elements while working at the Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory in California..... and the list goes on. It was, however, the case of Woo Suk Hwang that shook the scientific community in December of 2005. Hwang, a prominent stem cell researcher at the Seoul National University in South Korea, had reported stunning advances in somatic cell nuclear Editorial


In order to evaluate the bone-implant integration behavior of biodegradable c lcium metaphosphate (CMP, [Ca(PO 3)2]n) coated metallic implant, as-machined, blasted, and blasted /CMP-coated Ti6Al4V screw-type implants were prepared and asepti cally implanted into male New Zealand white rabbits. CMP sol was prepared by sol-gel process and coate on each substrate by dip and spin coating. The CMP coated layer was smooth and uniform with fine grai s, compared to that of as-machined and as-blasted specimens. Each specimen was inserted i nto the defects of bilateral intratibial metaphysis bone and then followed up for 1 and 6 weeks. From the radiographs at 1 and 6 weeks after implantation, all the implants were shown to be apparent ly well integrated with surrounding bone tissue without interfacial fracture, bony resorption, or ra di lucent lines. With the combination of histological results, CMP-coated group was noticed that bony bridges were extending from the endosteum onto the implants at 6 weeks after implantation, wi th the showing good osseo-intergration compared to other two groups. Introduction The development of a stable direct bonding between bone and implant surface (osteointegration) is the critical issue for the long-term success of orthopedic and denta l impl nts. The establishment and maintenance of osteointegration depends on wound healing, repairing and remodel ing f hard tissues. The tissue response to an implant involves physical factors such as i mplant design and surface topography, and chemical factors such as composition and structure of the material surface [1]. To improve the implant fixation to a host bone, several strategies have been developed focusing on the surface modification of materials. For example, the physical surf ace modification of implants in roughness by various techniques has been attracted, because it has been de monstrated that the osteoblastic cells tend to attach more easily to rough surface [ 4], consequently increasing the bone apposition [5]. Chemical surface modifications have been also realized by cova lent attachment of an organic monolayer anchored by a siloxane network [2], and immobilization of specific adhesive peptides like arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (RGDS) [3]. In addition, the implants coated with different bioactive materials such as calcium phosphates, bioactive glasses [6], diamond-like carbon, and amorphous C-N film [7] enha nced the bonding to bone. However, it has been currently reported that the coating layer w s sometimes delaminated from the substrates. Therefore, as one of the alternatives to solve this proble m, the biodegradable material coating on implants, which may allow the organism to replace the for eign material by new bone tissue in a balanced time schedule, was conductd [8]. Calcium metaphosphate (CM P, [ a(PO3)2]n) is a Key Engineering Materials Online: 2003-12-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 254-256, pp 881-886 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.254-256.881 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,19:47:25) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) promising biodegradable material due to its hydrolytic degradation behavior of PO 4 3polymeric chains. In this study, in order to preliminarily evaluate in-vivo bone-implant osseo-integration behavior and stability of biodegradable CMP coated implants radiologically and hi stologically, Three groups of metallic screws were aseptically implanted into male New Z aland white rabbits and then followed up for 1 and 6 weeks: as-machined, as-blasted, and blasted/CMP-coated Ti6Al4V. Materials and Methods CMP sol was prepared by the reaction of Ca(NO 3)2·4H2O (Aldrich 99%, USA) with P(OC2H5)3 (Fluka 97%, Japan) in methyl alcohol using correct amounts to obtain the s toichiometric Ca/P ratio of 0.5. First, Ca-precursor dissolved in methyl alcohol was dehydrated at 180 °C and then anhydrous calcium precursor was dissolved in methyl alcohol in Ar-atmosphere. P -precursor was pre-hydrolyzed for 1 hour with the addition of HCl and H 2O as catalysts, before the reaction with the Ca-precursor. The prepared CMP sol was aged at 40 °C for 48 hours. As-machined (group 1), grit-blasted with CMP powder (75~150 μm) (group 2), and blasted and then CMP-coated (group 3) screw-shaped Ti-alloy implants were prepared. CMP sol was coate d by dip and spin coating at 5000 rpm for 50 seconds. CMP coated specimens were immediately dried at 70 °C for 12 hours and then heat-treated at 600 °C for 3 hours. All the specimens were sterilized in an autoclave at 120 °C for 10 min before implantation. The surface morphology was observed with SEM a nd the material phases were identified with XRD. Six groups (as-machined, as-blasted and bl sted/ CMP-coated for 1 and 6 weeks, respectively) of skeletally mature male New Zealand w hite rabbits (2.5 ~ 2.8 Kg) were used for aseptic implantation under general anesthesia induced by Xylaxine (Rumpun, Bayer Korea) 11mg/kg and Ketamine (Ketamine, Yuhan, Korea) 10mg/kg intramuscular inj ection. Bilateral intratibial metaphysis bone defects were formed by a round burr, each specimen was inserted into the defects and then followed up radiologically and histologically for 1 and 6 weeks. Results and Discussion Homogeneous and transparent CMP sol was prepared by sol-gel method. Aft er 48 hour-aging at 40 °C, the appropriate viscosity of CMP sol was obtained for dip and spin coa ti g on Ti-alloy dental implants. The viscosity was 12.7 cP at 27 °C. The surface morphology of the coated and heat-treated CMP layer is smooth and uniform with fine grains (about 100nm), compared to that of as-machined and as-blasted specimens (Fig. 2). The phases of the fine grains wer e identified with -CMP (JCPDS #9-363) from XRD study. The radiography of three different groups at 1 and 6 weeks after implantation showed all the implants were apparently well integra d with surrounding bone tissue, without fractures at the CMP-implant interface, bony resorption, or radiolucent line s. (a) as-machined (b) blasted with CMP (c) blasted/CMP-coated Fig. 1 Ti6Al4V screw-type implants with different surface morphology ( ×12). 882 Bioceramics 16


The increase of terrorism and its global impact has made the screening of the contents of liquid-filled containers a necessity. The ability to evaluate the contents of a container rapidly and accurately is a critical tool in maintaining global safety and security. Due to the immense quantities and large variety of containers shipped worldwide, there is a need for a technology that enables rapid and effective ways of conducting non-intrusive container inspections. Such inspections can be performed utilizing "through-transmission" or "pulse-echo" acoustic techniques, in combination with multiple frequency excitation pulses or waveforms. The challenge is combining and switching between the different acoustic techniques without distorting the excitation pulse or waveform, degrading or adding noise to the receive signal; while maintaining a portable, low-power, low-cost, and easy to use system. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a methodology and prototype device focused on this challenge. The prototype relies on an advanced diplexer circuit capable of rapidly switching between both "through-transmission" and "pulse-echo" detection modes. This type of detection requires the prototype to isolate the pulsing circuitry from the receiving circuitry to prevent damage and reduce noise. The results of this work demonstrate that an advanced diplexer circuit can be effective; however, some bandwidth issues exist. This paper focuses on laboratory measurements and test results acquired with the PNNL prototype device as applied to several types of liquid-filled containers. Results of work conducted in the laboratory will be presented and future measurement platform enhancements will be discussed.


This paper is focused on determining the stress-strain curve of sheet metal by bulge test. The first part of the paper describes a methodology recently developed by the authors, for effective and accurate determination of stress-strain curve by bulge test. This methodology is based on the continuous measurement of hydraulic pressure and polar height of the specimen during the test, and on an analytical approach that is able to take into account the non-uniformity of the specimen thickness in the meridian section during bulging. Further the FE -simulation of bulge test is used in order to evaluate the accuracy of the hardening law obtained using the new methodology. This evaluation is done by comparison between the FE- simulation results and experimental data. As comparable results were used the distribution of the specimen high and the distribution of the wall thinning as function of the position in the meridian section. The experiments were performed on samples made from rolled steel sheets DC04 using a 3D optical measurement system ARAMIS. By comparison of the results a good agreement between finite element simulation data and experimental result was found. Key words: Bulge test, Analytical approach, Stress-strain curve, Thickness reduction, FE-Simulation.


Nineteen new heat flow measurements made across deformed oceanic lithosphere in the Central Indian Ocean, and previously published data show that heat flow is significantly higher than predicted by models for cooling oceanic lithosphere over much of the region. Many of the temperature-depth profiles are nonlinear. Upward convection of water is the most likely explanation for the curvature of the temperature profiles, since other possible causes, including variations in bottom water temperatures, conductivity changes with depth in the sediments, and experimental error, can be eliminated. This interpretation requires water velocities of the order of 7 x 10/sup -8/ m/s, which is unusual because the lithosphere is relatively old (72-82 m.y.) and a thick sedimentary cover (1-2.5 km) is present. These observations suggest that the processes causing deformation of the plate have increased the heat flux through the sediment-water interface. We infer that extra heat is being generated at shallow depths (perhaps less than 35 km) in the plate, although the specific mechanism by which deformational energy is converted into heat is difficult to determine.


Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been demonstrated to be an important regulator of cell death and survival. Although it has been suggested that the sphingolipid may act as a neuroprotector in the cell apoptosis induced by traumatic brain injury, the mechanisms involved in this action are unknown. In this study, the relationship between S1P and neuroprotective effect was studied in an in vitro model of ischemia, maintaining SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells under oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). When cells were treated with 1 M S1P simultaneously with OGD and recovery, cell viability increases in a dose–response manner. S1P treatment reduces significantly both necrosis and apoptosis cell death. On the other hand, the treatment with specific PKC (V1-2), prevents S1P protective effect of OGD/recoveryinduced necrosis. Moreover, S1P treatment provokes the translocation of PKC to the mitochondria. From these results, it is reasonable to assume that S1P protection from necrosis is mediated by PKC . 2+ We also studied the action of S1P on mitochondrial inner membrane potential and mitochondrial Ca levels during ischemia. In this regard, we must point out that S1P treatment reduces the OGD-induced membrane depolarization and also reduces the increase of Ca2+ in mitochondria during OGD. Results also indicate that mitochondria from OGD treated cells have significantly less ability to resist swelling on Ca2+ loading than those obtained in presence of oxygen and glucose. Nevertheless, when S1P was added, this resistance increases considerably. These findings suggest that S1P may have a potential role as a brain neuroprotective agent in troke is one of the main causes of death and disability in the estern world. Mechanisms underlying neuronal cell death after rain ischemia are complex as they depend on multiple factors [8]. elayed neuronal death includes the development of apoptotic and ecrotic processes, and the specific contribution of these processes o brain damage depend on different factors [18]. The regulation of the cell death program in neurons is a subect of great interest. Among the known mediators of apoptosis, he sphingolipid metabolites such as ceramide and sphingosine-1hosphate (S1P) have received much attention in the last decade s key regulators of cell death and survival [13,26]. S1P is formed y the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinase, and t has been implicated in many and diverse biological processes, uch as cell growth, differentiation, cell survival, angiogenesis and ell migration [23,26]. Recently, it has been proposed that S1P ay represent a novel neuroprotective target to counteract the athophysiology of acute brain and spinal cord injury in regard to poptotic cell death mechanisms, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid ydrolysis, and oxidative damage mechanisms [25]. ∗ Corresponding author. Fax: +34 913 944 159. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (A.M. Martínez). 304-3940/$ – see front matter © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. oi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.070 injury. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. It is noteworthy that during ischemia, some protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are translocated to different cellular destinations which include the plasma membrane, golgi, nucleus, mitochondria and other cellular compartments. PKCs have been reported to interact with many target proteins upon activation [9]. PKC is expressed in neural tissue, and it has been implicated in protective roles against stroke and neural ischemia [2]. Besides, in the last years, mitochondria have been recognised as regulators of cell death [15]. In this sense, during hypoxia, PKC is known to translocate to mitochondria, where interacts with several targets. When mitochondria are exposed to high Ca2+ concentrations, especially when accompanied by oxidative stress and adenine nucleotide depletion, as happens after an ischemia/recovery insult, they undergo massive swelling and become uncoupled. This occurs as a result of the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with subsequent loss of ionic homeostasis, matrix swelling and outer membrane rupture. If the pore remains open, cells cannot maintain their ATP levels and this will lead to cell death by necrosis [11,12]. Prevention of mPTP opening, directly or indirectly by reducing oxidative stress or Ca2+ overload, provides a protective strategy against reperfusion injury [11]. It is widely considered that opening of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel (mitoKATP) plays a crucial role in protection from ischemia. This


In order to organize video transmission network as quickly as possible under circumstances with limited communication resources,a new wireless network video transmission system,using the Ad-hoc networking technology,is proposed.The Ad-hoc wireless network for real-time video transmission is built with S3C2440 chip and wireless networking module.Based on the study of AODV(Adhoc on demand distance vector) protocol of Ad-hoc network,improvements such as energy saving and multipath transportation are made to the protocol.With the help of the improved protocol and unbalanced multiple description coding technology,the quality of real-time video transmission is greatly improved.Finally,the performance of video transmission is tested by building three prototypes which form an Ad-hoc network and the results show the feasibility of the design.


The compliance with the judgment of the UN International Court of Justice indicates that the dispute, under which the judgment was delivered, has been settled. Therefore, the compliance with the judgment is the sole necessary and desired result of the case in the Court. The compliance with the judgment is rather a matter of fact than a matter of law. In spite of certain political powers of the UN Security Council regarding the compliance with the judgment, it is rather subject to the wilful and good faith conduct of the parties to the dispute. Key word: UN International Court of Justice, judgment of the International Court, UN Security Council, international legal dispute, interpretation of the judgment, revision of the judgment


A convenient synthesis of the N-protected L-carbamoylpolyoxamic acid derivative 7 from 4-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl2,3-isopropylidene-L-threose (8) using vinylmagnesium bromide and its application to the total syntheses of the peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics, polyoxins J (1) and L (2), are described.


A High Temperature Lattice Test Reactor (HTLTR) now under design by Hanford Laboratories is described. A solid-moderated reactor lattice may be inserted for testing. Reactivity transients of the test lattices associated with changes in temperature of either moderator or fuel can be obtained in support of design and hazards analyses of proposed power reactors. The experimental equipment and facilities associated with the reactor are also described. A listing of the scope design data is included as well as diagrams showing examples of core loadings. (auth)


States, cities, and even towns are using indicators to measure their economic and social health and to set future goals. The indicators are as varied as a commuting time of 25 minutes or less (Jacksonville, Florida) to asthma hospitalization rate for children (Seattle, Washington) to number of new developments in the floodplain (Upper Connecticut River Valley). The data derived at each time interval (e.g., quarterly or annually) can be used to generate reports that highlight areas of need and show progress to date. This article primarily highlights the indicators used in Jacksonville, Florida; Seattle, Washington; and Upper Connecticut River Valley. Transportation indicators relate to mobility, commuting time, fuel consumption, and vehicle miles traveled.


Abstract Whole fillets and slices of cold-smoked salmon from the same batch were vacuum packed and stored at 5°C for up to 50 days, sampled regularly and analysed for sensory and microbiological changes. The experiment was performed twice with salmon from three different smokehouses. The taste panel rejected sliced salmon after 21–36 days and fillets after 32–49 days of storage with no apparent relation to the microflora or salt content (4.1–6.1% in the water phase). Whole fillets developed the same spoilage characteristics, which included sweet, sour, bitter, faecal, ammonia and cabbage-like off-flavours, as sliced salmon but had a softer texture at the time of rejection. Plate count and Malthus detection times revealed that the microflora varied in numbers and composition among the three smokehouses. The microflora differed between fillets and sliced salmon, indicating the impact of the in-house flora on the size and composition of the microflora. Lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae , psychrotrophic marine vibrio and Photobacterium spp. dominated the microflora of spoiled salmon. Use of conductometric measurements (Malthus) calibrated to traditional agar methods was not a suitable rapid microbiological method for determining the size and composition of the microflora, because of the variable microflora.


Sensor-based human activity recognition has become one of the challenging and emerging research areas. Several machine learning algorithm with appropriate feature extraction has been used to solve human activity recognition task. However, recent research mainly focused on various deep learning algorithms, our focus of this study is measuring the performance of traditional machine learning algorithms with the incorporation of frequency-domain features. Because deep learning methods require a high computational cost. In this paper, we used Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbour, SVM, Random Forest and Multilayer Perceptron with necessary feature extraction for our experimentation. We achieved best performance for K-Nearest Neighbour. Our experiment was a part of "The 2nd Nurse Care Activity Recognition Challenge Using Lab and Field Data" followed by the team MoonShot_BD. We concluded that with proper feature extraction, machine learning techniques may be useful to solve activity recognition with a low computational cost.


The development of senile osteoporosis is mainly associated with kidney deficiency,spleen deficiency,and blood stasis.The clinical syndrome types include: Kidney Deficiency and Marrow Vacuity Type,Spleen Deficiency and Distrophy Type,Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis.In treatment,it focuses on tonifying the kidney,strengthening the spleen,nourishing the marrow,and invigorating blood circulation.


Archaeological iron is most problematic with regard to post-excavation decay. The example of a typical town-centre excavation illustrates in which way huge quantities of iron objects can be handled. Possible decay mechanisms and conventional techniques of passive conservation are reviewed. A new approach is discussed where the artefacts are covered by fresh soil and vacuum-sealed Into multi-layer plasticbags. The flushing with nitrogen creates oxygen-depleted environment resembling the original burial conditions. Since 1996, this technique has proved to be effective in the passive conservation of archaeological iron.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common tumor and the third most leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sex-determining region Y box (SOX) family proteins play important roles in a variety of developmental processes. The transcription factor SOX11, a member of the SOX family, is emerging as a vital factor in the regulation of oncogenesis. Whether SOX11 plays a role in the pathogenesis of HCC is unknown. The present study was conducted to detect the SOX11 expression in HCC patients and to determine the role of SOX11 in regulating HCC cell malignant behaviors. Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, and Real-time PCR results revealed that SOX11 decreased in human HCC tissues compared with that in normal tissues. Ectopic overexpression of SOX11 in HCC cell lines inhibited cell proliferation. Transwell and Matrigel assays manifested that SOX11 overexpression inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, SOX11 expression related to the clinicopathologic parameters of clinical stage and histologic grade in HCC patients. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that SOX11 plays an important role in regulating HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Therefore, SOX11 may provide a novel strategy for HCC prognosis and therapy.


Principals can improve their skills in supervision by developing an organizational climate around Ouchi's Theory Z. In showing how, the authors explain behavior modeling and illustrate how a typical session can improve classroom instruction.


The preparation of financial statements can be influenced by education, understanding of accounting, and work experience. This study aims to determine the effect of education, accounting understanding, and work experience on the preparation of financial statements. This research is quantitative. The number of samples was 60 employees of the Surakarta Islamic Study Council Foundation which were selected using saturated sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis was used as a data analysis technique. This research is shown based on the acquisition of t count 2,263 > t table 2,003, sig. of 0.028 <0.05, meaning that it accepts H1, meaning that education has a significant positive effect on the preparation of the financial statements of the Surakarta Islamic Study Council Foundation. Obtaining t arithmetic 4.087 > t table 2.003, sig. of 0.000 <0.05, meaning that it accepts H2, meaning that accounting understanding has a significant positive effect on the preparation of the financial statements of the Surakarta Islamic Study Council Foundation. The value of t arithmetic is 4.768 > t table 2.003, sig. 0.000 <0.05, means accepting H3, meaning that work experience has a positive influence on the preparation of the financial statements of the Surakarta Islamic Study Council Foundation. The conclusion is that education, understanding of accounting, and work experience have a significant positive effect on the preparation of financial statements at the Surakarta Islamic Study Council Foundation.


The aggregation property of glycinin-chitosan complexes was studied at different pH and ionic strength.And the mechanism of this interaction was also investigated.The result of turbidity showed that the aggregation of glycinin at isoelectric point was decreased in the presence of chitosan.Moreover,the interaction of glycinin and chitosan was supposed as electrostatic interaction by the research of particle size and zeta-potentials.The isoelectric point of glycinin shift from pH 5.09 to pH 7.81 in the presence of chitosan(0.1wt%).In the presence of NaCl,the aggregation of complexes was increased by the decrease of electrostatic interaction as a result of electrostatic screen by the NaCl.At appropriate pH and ionic strength,chitosan showed the ability of restraining heat-induced aggregation of glycinin.


Background Different outcomes among patients hospitalized for bleeding after starting anticoagulation could influence choice of anticoagulant. We compared length of hospitalization, proportion of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, ICU length of stay, and 30- and 90-day mortality for adults with atrial fibrillation hospitalized for bleeding after starting warfarin, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban. Methods An US commercial database of 38 million members from 1 November 2010 to 31 March 2014 was used to examine adults with atrial fibrillation hospitalized for bleeding after starting warfarin (2,446), dabigatran (442), or rivaroxaban (256). Outcomes included difference in mean total length of hospitalization, proportion of ICU admissions, mean length of ICU stay, and all-cause 30- and 90-day mortality. Results Warfarin users were older and had more comorbidities. Multivariable regression modeling with propensity score weighting showed warfarin users were hospitalized 2.0 days longer (95% CI 1.8–2.3; p < 0.001) than dabigatran users and 2.6 days longer (95% CI 2.4–2.9; p < 0.001) than rivaroxaban users. Dabigatran users were hospitalized 0.6 days longer (95% CI 0.2–1.0; p = 0.001) than rivaroxaban users. There were no differences in the proportion of ICU admissions. Among ICU admissions, warfarin users stayed 3.0 days (95% CI 1.9–3.9; p < 0.001) longer than dabigatran users and 2.4 days longer (95% CI 0.9–3.7; p = 0.003) than rivaroxaban users. There was no difference in ICU stay between dabigatran and rivaroxaban users. There were no differences in 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality. Conclusions Rivaroxaban and dabigatran were associated with shorter hospitalizations; however, there were no differences in 30- and 90-day mortality. These findings suggest bleeding associated with the newer agents is not more dangerous than bleeding associated with warfarin.


India's economic security continues to be predicted upon the agricultural sector. Agriculture supports 58% of Indian population. To meet the rapid growth and increased food demand automation is necessary in farms. By using conventional seed sowing methods, the seed wastage is enormous. By implementing our seed sowing system, the wastage is reduced up to 90%. By introducing automation to this process has become convenient. The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves labour, however, it is also used to save energy and materials & to improve quality, accuracy and precision. Some crops are required to grow saplings first before planting them in farm. These saplings are grown in a nursery. We've designed this system for nursery and poly house. The present review provides brief information about the various types of innovations done in seed sowing equipment. The basic objective of sowing operation is to put the seed and fertilizer in rows at desired depth and seed to seed spacing, cover the seeds with soil and provide proper compaction over the seed. The recommended row to row spacing, seed rate, seed to seed spacing and depth of seed placement vary from crop to crop and for different agro-climatic conditions to achieve optimum yields. Seed sowing devices plays a wide role in agriculture field.


Uncertainty Analysis is essential to support decisions, and it has been gaining attention in both visualization and machine learning communities —in the latter case, mainly because ensemble methods are becoming a robust approach in several applications. In particular, for unsupervised learning, there are several ensemble clustering methods that generate a co-association matrix, i.e., a matrix whose element (i, j) represents the estimated probability that the given sample pair is on the same cluster. This work studies the following decision problem: "Given a similarity function, which groups of elements of a set form robust clusters?" Robust here means that all elements of each cluster are connected with a probability within a given interval. Our main contribution is a prototype that helps decision makers, through visual exploration, to have insights to solve this task. To do so, we provide visual tools for ensemble clustering analysis. Such tools are grounded in the co-association matrix generated by the ensemble. With these tools we are better equipped to recommend the group of elements that form each cluster, considering the uncertainty generated by ensemble clustering methods.


The Sackville Spur is a sediment drift feature that forms a northeastward extension of the Grand Banks continental slope between the 900 and 2500 m isobaths near latitude 48°N. At present, the Labr...


The article presents the results of the study the problem of obtaining high-quality castings of bronze, used in the mechanisms of agricultural machinery. Non-metallic inclusions when filling the molds into the casting cavity, reduce its physical-mechanical properties, difficult to mechanical processing and, consequently, cause a marriage casting. When filling molds an open stream is more strong oxidation of the melt, because there is a large free surface. The jet of the melt begins to break into separate drops. Is the mixing of non-metallic inclusions and gases in casting cavity. The author developed a Gating funnel, allowing to provide a laminar mode of filling cavity molds, resulting in flotation of the slag inclusions in the upper (profitable) part of the molds. The model of the melt flow when filling the molds, the velocity distribution in the stream of melt. Study of the mechanical properties of samples made of bronze, obtained by pouring the alloy without use of the funnel using the funnel. It is shown that the use of this funnel improves the mechanical properties of the casting. The use of a Gating funnel allowed us to provide a laminar mode of filling cavity molds. Thus non-metallic inclusions are concentrated in the upper (profitable parts) of the casting.


'Morgan captures something essentially Australian.' HELEN ELLIOTT, SUNDAY AGE 'I couldn't imagine anyone handling such fictional country better.' MELBOURNE TIMES 'Other Australian writers have dealt with the slippery question of class distinctions, but none has done so with such even-handed sympathy for all concerned as does Morgan.' WHO WEEKLY 'Morgan's is an outstanding novel; it must be among Australia's outstanding books for this year.' BARBARA JEFFERIS, SYDNEY MORNING HERALD Fat of the Land charts three generations of South Australian merchants who move between Adelaide, London and their mining company in New Caledonia. The original partners are Thomas Rutland, a bluff Bedford farm boy with a beautiful voice and ambitions to found a dynasty and Robert Grahame, a dour Scot and pastoralist. We see his son, John Grahame, take over the reins of the growing empire and guide it through hard times despite the tragedies in his personal life, only to hand over to a man of the new breed, Victor Godwin, to whom the actual business of the company means little other than the satisfaction of his own lust for money, power and fle


Henny Coolen provides a theoretically-grounded demonstration of how an innovative empirical methodology can reveal important insights into relationships between various meanings attributed to the home. This is important work, because without this kind of analysis, it is difficult to prioritize specific meanings people attribute to their homes (they all sound important) and to sort out the connections between them. In the few words that follow, I would like to focus on some of the questions that came to mind when reading Coolen's paper. The majority of these are concerned with the theoretical underpinnings, but I will also talk briefly about the need for complementary research strategies to the one that Coolen proposes. I hope that readers find the comments of a non-specialist and somewhat newcomer to this area of research helpful. Coolen has drawn quite directly from the tenets of ecological theory. This is a sensible choice for the foundation of an analysis of the meaning of home, but the description of the tenets of ecological theory raised questions for me about the appropriateness of its direct application to meaning of home research. Specifically, the emphasis on intentionality and functionality in ecological theory may too tightly restrict the possibilities for research on the meaning of home. ''The meaning of objects'', ecological theory posits, ''resides in the functional relations between features of the environment and the needs and intentions of human beings'' (Coolen, p. 3). This emphasis on functionality would seem to exclude meaning that arises from purely aesthetic (i.e. non-functional) features of the home. Similarly, the emphasis on intentionality would seem to exclude the possibility that meaning is created by the unintended consequences of human activity, a perspective that is emphasized in structuration theory in sociology (Giddens 1984). Coolen subsequently qualifies the meaning of function, drawing on the work of Rapaport, but in so doing suggests that meaning is in fact part of function, but this of course raises questions about how they differ. In short, I would argue, the application of ecological theory Housing, Theory and Society, Vol. 23, No. 4, 214–215, 2006


New generations of ULSI devices require significant improvements in circuit overlay. The performance limits of a current wafer stepper alignment system have been evaluated by testing alignment target capture on planarized targets and rough substrates. Although new hardware is being developed for alignment under difficult conditions, it has been shown that new algorithm designs can extend the performance of existing systems.


The vapor pressure of the vesicant chemical warfare agent, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (also known as sulfur mustard or HD), has been measured at T = (−25 to +20) °C using a modified ASTM vapor saturation methodology. This work represents the initial report of the measured vapor pressure of HD below its melting point, +14.45 °C. The data measured for solid-phase HD are consistent with the previously reported enthalpy of fusion and liquid-phase vapor pressure of HD.


Koam and Pirashivili developed the equivariant version of Hochschild cohomology by mixing the standard chain complexes computing group with associative algebra cohomologies to obtain the bicomplex C ˜ G * ( A , X ). In this paper, we form a new bicomplex F ˘ G * ( A , X ) by deleting the first column and the first row and reindexing. We show that H ˘ G 1 ( A , X ) classifies the singular extensions of oriented algebras.


A sensor testing system is used to check a sensor for its each item of static performance indices.Such a system must be very high-accuracy and high-steady.It is necessary for any manufacturer to be engaged in making high-quality sensors.The paper presents a kind of sensor testing system based on the PCI data collection card,and emphasizes the implementation of high-accuracy data collection.