【Objective】 According to the agricultural biomass stock and its utilization evaluation, this research provided references for development and exploitation of new energy and comprehensive treatment of rural environmental pollution.【Method】Based on the data from Nanning Statistical Yearbook, field surveys and research results, the ratio of grass to grain,and the approaches and parameters for estimating annual quantity of poultry excrements and stock were defined to estimate the current stock of Nanning agricultural biomass. 【Result】Among the straw yield of 3.3 million tons one year in Nanning,the yields from cane and rice accounted for more than 60%. The pig manure equivalent amount of livestock manure increased from 16,833,600 tons in 2004 to 18,236,900 tons in 2009. The largest pig manure equivalent was cattle, and the yields from poultry went up fastest, which almost doubled over several years. The straw and animal manure were converted into standard coal as 9,514,300 tons in 2009, in which the amount of animal manure conversion was 7,823,600 t. Thus it was of great utilization potential as a resource. 【Suggestion】Against the backdrop of national new energy planning, industrializa-tion development of agricultural biomass in Nanning will be accelerated as long as the authorities introduce effective mea-sures to develop location-friendly new techniques and promote mature technology application.


Abstract In this work, tuned passive control is used to damp unstable combustion systems, with particular emphasis on systems which exhibit multiple unstable modes. Helmholtz resonators are used as passive dampers. The frequency at which they offer maximum damping is varied by altering their geometry; in this work, geometry changes are achieved by varying the area of the Helmholtz resonator neck. For each unstable mode exhibited by the combustion system, a separate Helmholtz resonator has its neck area tuned. Two algorithms are developed, one for identifying the characteristics of all modes present in real time, and another for tuning the neck areas of the Helmholtz resonators. These algorithms are successfully implemented in numerical simulations of a longitudinal combustor exhibiting two unstable modes. The algorithms result in both modes being stabilised as long as two Helmholtz resonators are used. Experiments are then conducted on a Rijke tube with its upper part split into two branches of differing lengths, shaped like a 'Y'. The differing lengths give rise to two unstable modes at different frequencies. A Helmholtz resonator is attached to each branch; the neck area of both can be varied by means of an 'iris' valve, which opens and closes like a camera lens. On implementing the procedure for tuning the neck areas, both unstable modes are stabilised, and stability is maintained for large changes in operating condition. This confirms that the procedure developed is sufficiently robust for use in real combustion systems exhibiting multiple unstable modes.


The article reviews the activities of censor's education and attestation in the Gorky Obllit, as well as methods of its implementation. It is shown that learning was wearing a systemic nature, and the main role in this process was assigned to study the basic Glavlit documents and specific practices of censors.


Abstract The creation of green libraries is approaching a tipping point, generating a Green Library Movement, which is comprised of librarians, libraries, cities, towns, college and university campuses committed to greening libraries and reducing their environmental impact. Constructing a green library building using a performance standard like LEED is a way some libraries are choosing to become green and sustainable. Environmental challenges like energy depletion and climate change will influence the type of information resources and programs libraries will provide to their communities. Keywords: Green Library Movement, green, stainable, libraries, programs, LEED, environment, peak oil, climate change TIME writer Bryan Walsh believes the year 2007 will be remembered as "the tipping point when public understanding of the existential threat of climate change reached critical mass" (Walsh, 2007, para. 1). Malcolm Gladwell (2000) in his bestselling book, The Tipping Point, explains that ideas and behaviors can spread like viruses (p. 7). Eventually the idea or behavior reaches a tipping point also known as "the critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point" (p. 12). In sociology the term tipping point refers to the moment when something previously unique becomes common (p. 12). Around the country the idea and behavior of creating green libraries is approaching a tipping point and transforming into a library movement. The Green Library Movement has been in existence for over 15 years. The Movement emerged in the early 1990s and gained popularity in the library profession around 2003. It is comprised of a growing number of librarians, libraries, cities, towns, college and university campuses committed to greening libraries by reducing their environmental impact on the planet. This innovation is happening by building green library buildings, by greening existing library facilities, providing green library services, and embracing environmentally supportive and sustainable practices within the library. Green Definitions Throughout this article the terms "green" and "sustainable" are used and need to be defined. In the Oxford English Dictionary (1989) the term "green" is defined as "pertaining to, or supporting environmentalism" (p. 811). The term "sustainable"relates to "forms of human economic activity and culture that do not lead to environmental degradation, esp. avoiding the long-term depletion of natural resources" (Oxford English, 2008). Green Library Literature The amount of information available on green libraries and green library practices is limited but continues to grow. The earliest articles on green libraries appeared in the 1990s. The Wilson Library Bulletin's February 1991 issue featured a special section on "Libraries and the Environment." James and Suzanne LeRue wrote the lead article entitled "The Green Librarian" (1991). In this article, the LeRues explained in detail how to be environmentally supportive at home and in the library. Three other articles were included in the special section. "Finding the Trees in the Forest: Environmental Information Sources" by Tom Watson (1991) pulled together a list of groups, agencies and publications that focused on the environment and environmental information. "Celebrating Earth Day all Year Long" by Linda Rome (1991) provided a history of Earth Day, as well as ideas on how to keep the public's attention on environmental issues all year. "Noise in the Library: Effects and Control" by Ann Eagan (1991) examined noise pollution in the library. The Viewpoint section of the February issue included an additional environmental article, "The Library as an Environmental Alternative (Among Other Things)" by Steven Smith (1991). Smith discussed the spatial limits of the library and nature, and the role libraries need to play in preserving both. The Wilson Library Bulletin environmental articles are significant because they were published shortly after the 20th anniversary of the original Earth Day celebration, which received an enormous amount of media coverage. …


Nurses do not decide who is entitled to receive the new employment and support allowance (ESA), but their assessments of claimants' capabilities form a key part of the process.


This paper considers experimental studies of the sound insulation structure of the floor to determine the effect of material thickness, polystyrene concrete and cement-sand screed, as well as the size of the aggregate (polystyrene granules) in polystyrene concrete on the sound insulation properties of floor construction, namely impact protection. It was determined that the thickness of the cement-sand screed in no way affects the improvement of impact noise. Due to the reduction of the size of the aggregate (expanded polystyrene granule) in polystyrene concrete, it was possible to reduce the thickness of the structure, which did not affect the insulation performance of impact noise.


Experimental results are presented which reveal the important role played by nonlinear radiation or ponderomotive forces in laser plasma interactions. The existence of these nonlinear forces is clearly revealed by the properties of tenuous helium plasmas generated by focusing of intense laser beams.


Objective To investigate the effects of( Ceftriaxone,Cef) on chronic neuropathic pain and the expression of GLT-1 in rats. Methods Ninety male Spague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,CCI 14 d group,Cef prevention group,Cef therapy group,at the same time,the two groups with intraperitoneal injection with NS were designed as control groups for the last two groups. The thermal withdrawal latency was measured in different time points,in addition,CCI 1d,CCI 4d and CCI 7d groups were designed to observe dynamic change of GLT-1 expression after CCI. The changes of GLT-1 expression in dorsal horn of spinal cord were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The thermal hyperalgesia in rats was induced by chronic crushing injury( CCI),however,intraperitoneal injection with NS had no effect on thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCI. The thermal withdrawal latency was obviously prolonged in Cef prevention group on the 5 th day,the 7th day after CCI( P 0. 05),moreover,which in Cef therapy group was significantly prolonged on the 11 th day,14 th day after CCI( P 0. 05). The results by immunohistochemisty showed that Cef prevention group and Cef therapy group inhibited and reversed the down-regulation of GLT-1 expression at CCI later period. Conclusion The Cef can prevent and treat chronic neuropathic pain by up-regulating the expression of GLT-1.


The invention relates to a flower box holding device which is applied for retaining at least one flower box (1) on a railing (3). The device has a base body (22) including a contact surface for fastening at a railing (3). A retaining strap (33) embraces a railing bar (59) of the railing and holds the base body (22) at the railing, and a hold part (2) is fastened at the base body (22). The strap comprises two strap ends, where one of the strap ends is fixed at the base body (22). A fixing unit adjustably defines a region of the strap at the base body, where the region of the strap is spaced to the strap end. The fixing unit is movable between a release position and a stop position.


The "Electronic Health Card System" (EHCS) is an electronic information system implemented in the Ministry of Health. Application of the EHCS has created an effective supervision system over population's healthcare by creating e-health records covering administrative and medical information and by providing the citizens with e-health cards. The E-Health card system provides operative and exact checkup to the card owner by the easy and secure access to the data stored within the card in any required place.


The global report on transforming care for small and/or sick newborns in 2019 called for urgent actions [2], articulating the importance of strengthening care for small and/or sick newborns at different levels of health facilities to accelerate progress. The Standards for Improving the Quality Care of Small and/or Sick Newborns in Health Facilities provide the framework, input, process, and outcome measures for such care [3]. The Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) 2020-25 sets a specific target for a functional special care unit for small and/ or sick newborns in at least 80% of districts in each country [4]. Achieving this target will require a comprehensive model that describes what care is to be delivered and how countries and program managers can build and organize care delivery systems to scale up small and/or sick newborn care.


There is an important analytical distinction for conservationists between the flow of ecosystem services and the stock of natural capital that underpins or constitutes them. The relationship between these two is often complex and indeterminate. Ecosystem services result from the interplay of different biological and physical processes across a variety of scales. Flows of ecosystem services may be imperfectly related to stocks of natural capital. Conservation is concerned with the protection of certain stocks of natural capital, but also with maintaining the complex web of relationships that characterize biodiversity. Despite the obvious links between ecosystem services, natural capital, and biodiversity, these are not identical. Practitioners and policy makers should be cautious in their use of the proxy indicator of ecosystem services when developing mechanisms for biodiversity conservation. Conceptual clarity is essential in order to harness the potentially important role that ecosystem service based interventions can play in mainstreaming conservation issues.


Antiphospholipid (APL) syndrome characterizes a clinical condition of arterial and venous thromboses associated with phospholipid-directed autoantibodies (1). APL syndrome occurs in 2% of the general population (2); however, one study demonstrated that 7.1% of hospitalized patients tested positive for at least one of three anticardiolipin antibody idiotypes (3). Several reports suggest that patients with APL syndrome are at increased risk of coronary artery disease and/or valvular pathology (4–5). In addition, APL antibodies often inhibit phospholipid-dependent coagulation in vitro and interfere with laboratory testing of hemostasis. The management of anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can therefore be quite challenging in these patients; our approach in two recent cases is described.


Objective: Describe the clinical characteristics and bleeding events of the
population attended by the anticoagulation clinic at the Central Military Hospital,
discriminating by occurrence of bleeding and documenting the usual monitoring
indicators.
Methodology: Descriptive study of a series of cases in patients using the
anticoagulation clinic of the Central Military Hospital formally identified in the
program as of January 2018. The clinical records of 335 patients were reviewed,
and 305 patients were selected for compliance with Inclusion criteria The data was
stored in Excel spreadsheet and entered into the SPSS database for final analysis.
Results: 305 patients met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The highest
proportion of patients in the study were men (56,8%), the average age was in the
seventh decade of life (65.9 years ± 16.9) and the body mass index was normal
(24.1 kg / m2 ± 2 , 6). The main reason for anticoagulation was venous
thromboembolism followed by atrial fibrillation. The patients who presented
bleeding were predominantly men and with associated diagnoses of heart failure,
diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease,
atrial fibrillation and carriers of mechanical heart valve prostheses; The cause of
anticoagulation of these patients was the presence of mechanical cardiac valve
prosthesis and atrial fibrillation of valvular origin; The blood thinner that was most associated with bleeding was warfarin. The indicators identified were: prevalence
of bleeding (14.09% with 43 events), 4.9% for major bleeding and 9.1% for minor
bleeding; Average TTR was 42%, new thromboembolic events 4.2%, and overall
mortality was 1.4%.
Conclusions: The population served by the Anticoagulation clinic of the Central
Military Hospital has similar clinical and demographic characteristics to other
populations described under the effects of anticoagulants. The comorbidities
associated with bleeding of the described population have already been identified
as risk factors in different studies, so our findings do not depart from the
description of the literature.


Research methods such as chemical analysis,XRD,SEM and EDS were used to study Na2O distribution and existing form in products.It was beneficial to analyze factors and mechanism influencing alkali consumption to improve process conditions,reduce cost,and protect environment.The mechanism of diffusion accelerated by fusion was also investigated from the term of the structure of the crystal and the variation of the energy.The experimental results show that 87.76% of the Na2O loss is by diffusion.In the diffusion part,43.60% is in solid(liquid) phase,and 56.40% is in gas phase.The Na2O mass fraction difference between raw-material mixture and crucible appreciably impacts solid(liquid) phase diffusion amount,but there is nothing to do with gas phase diffusion.In addition,the enhancing of reducing atmosphere,increasing time and temperature,and the existence of Fe2O3,Al2O3 made more Na2O loss.


Integrated aquaculture utilizing preirrigation water will hypothetically increase the levels of dissolved nitrogen products in the resulting effluent. Research was performed to assess the levels of additional nutrients added. The results suggest however, that integrated aquaculture may reduce the amount of nitrogen as nitrate applied to the fields. Introduction The integration of aquaculture and agriculture in Arizona can be a successful strategy if operational expenses are shared among a diversified crop base. Whole farm economies of scale can therefor result in significant reductions in the per -unit cost of the fish produced thereby increasing marketability and competitiveness (Fitzsimmons, 1985; D'Silva et. al, 1991; Brooks, 1991; Budhabhatti and Maughan, 1991; Brooks, 1992). The integrated aquaculture techniques proposed for Arizona are largely single pass and a nonconsumptive use of water. The resulting effluent is enhanced with ammonia, nitrite and nitrate hypothetically reducing the need for additional fertilizer inputs to field crops using this resource as irrigation. The management of nitrogen fertilizer is a major component of a successful cotton production program. Particular attention must be paid to inputs to minimize downward migration of /%10,-N into the water table (Silvertooth et. al, 1990; Silvertooth et. al. 1991). If aquaculture and agriculture are to be successfully integrated, an operator must know how much additional nutrients are being added to the irrigation by the fish. Research was performed at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center in 1990 to assess the levels of nitrogen input by fish culture. Materials and Methods A rectangular 100 x 100 x 4 foot water storage pond was modified for use as a semi -recirculating aquaculture system. The single pond was divided into two 100 x 30 x 4 foot earthen semi -raceways. One raceway was converted into an aquatic macrophyte based biofilter, while the other was retained for fish culture. The system circulated the water through the biofilter at a rate of approximately 400 gallons per minute (gpm) with a total exchange every 6 hrs. Water for this study was supplied by the Central Arizona Project (CAP). The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) content of the delivered surface irrigation water was 830ppm ± 50ppm. Water temperature measured with a standard laboratory thermometer varied from 76° F at the beginning of the study to 83° F at the end with an average daily variation of 5° F. Aeration was supplied 24hr per day by a 3.5 hp regenerative blower. On June 30, 1990, 2,500 mixed sex tilapia averaging 6 inches in size were stocked. The duration of the study was to be 73 days. The stocks were obtained from Desert Rose Fisheries, and H & J Fisheries at Hyder Arizona. The fish were of one genus and four species and their hybrids (Trewavas 1983, Brooks, 1990):


This volume, edited by Jill Alexa Perry, delivers a framework for EdD restructuring from the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED), a collective of 100+ colleges and universities in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand that is focused on preparing scholarly practitioners through a reimagined, yet flexible EdD framework. The framework presented is altogether utile, theoretical, and practical, and Perry's volume provides a cohesive path for transformative EdD reform. The text tackles tensions that have long existed between PhD and EdD education and outlines ways in which an EdD curriculum can be redesigned to prepare scholarly practitioners for transformational leadership roles within education. The volume's thoughtful consideration of the depth of issues that surround EdD reform allow the CPED framework to be transferable to multiple institutional contexts, which strengthens its utility for multiple audiences.


Ultrasound detects depositions of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in gout patients. The OMERACT ultrasound group has developed definitions for elementary lesions in gout including the double contour (DC) sign (depositions of crystals on the surface of cartilage) and tophus (larger hypo-echoic aggregation of crystals, usually well delineated). Calprotectin is a major granulocyte protein found to be sensitive to reflect the level of inflammation in several immunological diseases. There may be an association between low grade inflammation and co-morbidity (including cardio-vascular pathology) in gout patients.To explore whether the extent of depositions (e.g. DC and tophi) was associated with inflammation in gout patients.The baseline data from NOR-GOUT, a prospective observational study of patients with crystal-proven gout with increased serum urate levels (>360 μmol/L), were presently used. All patients had an extensive ultrasound examination(GE E9 machine, grey scale 15MHz) to assess MSU depositions (DC and tophi) with bilateral assessment of radiocarpal joint, MCP 2, insertion of triceps and quadriceps, proximal and distal patellar and the Achilles tendon, cartilage of distal femur (maximal flexed knee), the talar cartilage of tibiotalar joint and MTP 1 joint. The degree of elementary lesions was semi-quantitatively scored 0-3 (0=none, 1=possible, 2=certain, 3=major deposits). Total sum scores of DC and tophi were calculated and the associations with calprotectin (plasma assessed by ELISA (Calpro), normal levels <910 µg/L) as well as C-reactive protein (CRP, assessed as a routine at our laboratory, normal levels <4mg/L) were explored. Correlations were performed by use of Spearman and differences between groups were investigated by Mann-Whitney tests.A total of 111 patients who had calprotectin assessed were included in the study (92% men, mean (SD) age 54.5 (14.5) years, disease duration 7.1 (6.6) years) when initiating MSU lowering treatment. The mean (SD) sum sore DC and tophi was 9.1 (7.8), calprotectin 780 (500) µg/L, CRP 7 (15) mg/L, serum urate (SUA) 505 (87) μmol/L, creatinine 96 (18) μmol/l and eGFR 79 (20) ml/min/1.73m2. Table 1 shows significant correlations between sum sore DC/tophi and calprotectin, CRP, SUA, creatinine and eGFR. Increased calprotectin levels (≥910 µg/L) were found in 28% and increased CRP (≥ 4 mg/L) in 39%. Patients with increased vs normal levels of calprotectin had significantly higher levels of DC/tophi depositions (mean (SD) 13.0 (10.4) vs 7.4 (5.8), p=0.01), and similar was found for CRP (11.4 (9.5) vs 7.6 (6.2), p=0.033) (illustrated in table 2).In gout patients, higher load of MSU depositions was associated with increased inflammatory markers. This indicates that the amount of depositions is associated with higher inflammatory activity, which could have systemic implications.Sum score DC and tophiCalprotectinCRPSUACreatinineCalprotectin0.31*CRP0.29*0.65**SUA0.31**0.22*0.19Creatinine0.34**0.25*0.150.36**eGFR-0.38**-0.27*-0.21*-0.18-0.86***p≤0.05, **p≤0.001Hilde Berner Hammer Consultant of: Has received fees as consultant from Roche, AbbVie and Novartis., Speakers bureau: Has received fees for speaking from AbbVie, BMS, Pfizer, UCB, Roche, MSD and Novartis, Gro Jensen: None declared, Lars Karoliussen: None declared, Lene Terslev Speakers bureau: LT declares speakers fees from Roche, MSD, BMS, Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, and Janssen., Espen Andre Haavardsholm Grant/research support from: Research funding from Pfizer, UCB, Roche, MSD and AbbVie, Consultant of: Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, UCB, Roche, and AbbVie,, Tore K. Kvien Grant/research support from: Received grants from Abbvie, Hospira/Pfizer, MSD and Roche (not relevant for this abstract)., Consultant of: Have received personal fees from Abbvie, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Eli Lily, Hospira/Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Orion Pharma, Roche, Sandoz, UCB, Sanofi and Mylan (not relevant for this abstract)., Paid instructor for: Have received personal fees from Abbvie, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Eli Lily, Hospira/Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Orion Pharma, Roche, Sandoz, UCB, Sanofi and Mylan (not relevant for this abstract)., Speakers bureau: Have received personal fees from Abbvie, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Eli Lily, Hospira/Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Orion Pharma, Roche, Sandoz, UCB, Sanofi and Mylan (not relevant for this abstract)., Till Uhlig Consultant of: Lilly, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Grünenthal, Novartis


AbstrcatBased on the demand in the norm, the expressions to computing minimal heights of the isolated foundation is deduced. By means of technical disposal, its form is quite simple with a few coefficients in which the size coefficient is transformed a numeric table for quick design. It is validated by a engineering example that they are convenient, quick and available for reasonable design.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of scaffold and relates to a bolt-connected steel cantilever scaffold; a scaffold is located on bearing steel frames which are arranged in parallel; and the bearing steel frames are connected a with bearing steel cable; the upper part of the scaffold is connected with a building structure through a wall connector; the upper part of the bearing steel cable is connected with a locating hook which can be pre-buried in the bearing beam of the building; the bearing steel frame is as follows: one end of profile steel is connected with hanging metal plates; the upper part of the hanging metal plates and the upper surface of the profile steel are connected with stiffening plates; the hanging metal plates at the two sides of the stiffening plates are respectively provided with a bolt mounting hole; bolts are connected with the bolt mounting holes; the upper surface of the profile steel is provided with a locating post and a steel cable hanging hook locating the scaffold; the wall connector is as follows: a metal tube is connected with one metal plate in a centralized position; the periphery of the metal plate is provided with the bolt mounting holes; and the mounting holes are connected with the bolts. The bolt-connected steel cantilever scaffold is convenient for construction, can prevent leakage of outer walls, saves the construction cost, and is suitable to be used on high-rise buildings.


This study aims to (1) determine the strategy that is used in the White Tiger Petilasan utilization as a source of learning local history to the younger generation, (2) know how learning methods are applied in the functioning Petilasan White Tiger as a source of learning local history. This study is a qualitative research, with research steps such as (1) the determination of the study design, (2) determining the location of the research, (3) determination of informants, (4) data collection, (5) the validity of the data that consists of triangulation data and triangulation methods, (6) the data analysis. The results showed that three schools located near Petilasan, SMAN 1 Rogojampi, SMA PGRI Rogojampi and SD Negeri 1 Macan Putih, Macan Putih Petilasan utilize as a source of learning local history. How utilization is to use contextual learning strategies (contextually Teaching Learning) with several learning methods. Teachers SMAN 1 Rogojampi, SMA PGRI Rogojampi using the browsing environment and purely historical study method. While teachers SD Negeri 1 Macan Putih using the method of socialization in Petilasan use this as a learning resource.


Abstract: hard to generate mold contamination at the time of molding, or even to provide good transparency polyester bottle. The A polyester chips in the process layer in the manufacturing method of the polyester water treatment, the content of magnesium in the treated water to be discharged with the polyester chips from the treatment tank M, the content C of the calcium, the silicon content If the S the method of manufacturing a polyester which is characterized in that at least one is satisfied by water treatment of the following (1) to (3). (1) 0.001 ≦ M ≦ 1.0 (ppm) (2) 0.001 ≦ C ≦ 5.0 (ppm) (3) 0.01 ≦ S ≦ 10.0 (ppm)


Hitherto, most of the studies on gully erosion aim to estimate the spatial and/or temporal evolution of either single gullies or gully networks under different situations. With regard to the accuracy of experimental datasets, a field survey makes possible to obtain accurate measurements on gully geometry, even in three-dimensional coordinates, with (relative) ease (Oostwoud Wijdenes and Bryan, 1994). In addition, the accuracy of this direct measurement mainly depends on the researcher's judgment (e.g., to choose the experimental setup and the density of measurements), rather than in the precision of the measuring equipment used. On the other hand, remote-sensing techniques of gully measuring, in two and three-dimensional coordinates, have been increasingly used (e.g., quantification of volumen loss, Marzolff and Poesen, in prep). Unlike field measurements, these indirect measuring techniques allow covering of large study areas with a minimum of time and effort (e.g., Martínez-Casasnovas et al., 2004). However, the accuracy of the dataset obtained in this way does much depend on the precision of the applied technique (e.g. on image resolution, quality of ground control). Moreover, an accurate gully measurement on three-dimensional coordinates may also (much) depend in the gully morphology (e.g., on the gully width/depth relationship). A gully cross-sectional area is more difficult to assess in a narrow, deeply eroded feature where measuring may be somewhat hindered by shadows cast on gully walls and bottom. Despite a wealth of studies on monitoring different types of gullies by using remote-sensing technique such as photogrammetry, relatively few efforts have been made to test their accuracy. Therefore the question arises as to what extent the accuracy of gully monitoring using photogrammetric technique depends on gully morphology. The objective of this work is to investigate this issue. To do that, we confront field measurements of cross-sectional areas of gullies with contrasting morphology with a similar dataset obtained using photogrammetry. Below, we present the first findings of this investigation.


Although prosthetic materials are commonly used to repair abdominal wall defects, they are also associated with postoperative complications. These complications could be prevented by the adoption of uniform guidelines on surgical methods and materials, but the best anatomical position for placement of prosthetic meshes is unclear. We report a case of an enterocutaneous fistula that developed after an abdominal wall defect was repaired by intraperitoneal application of a prosthetic mesh (Marlex ⓡ ) to raise awareness of the consequences of improper use of prosthetic materials.


P * PChairman, Bihar State Environment Impact Assessment Authority, Govt. of India & Corresponding Author 1. Abstract: Signal transduction by xenobiotics in fish has gained much attention in the recent decade. Organophosphates and carbamates bind specifically to the membrane bound enzyme acetylcholinesterase affecting neural transmission. Since nervous system is one of the important physiological systems in animals, hypofunction of nervous system leads to secondary hypothalamic functions. Even low levels of xenobiotics are sufficient enough to bring about remarkable changes in the functional physiology of fish. In the present study, sub-lethal acute toxicity of methyl parathion in fish, Labeo rohita was assessed using an integration of biomarkers namely acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, cortisol and glucose. These biomarkers were selected as indicators of key physiological functions in the fish Labeo rohita as a function of methyl parathion. These biochemical endpoints could therefore be recommended to the policy makers in India for using these biomarkers of pollution to be used as complementary parameters in the assessment of water quality.


In this paper, a method of calculating speech intelligibility is proposed. This method is based on the model ofauditory-brainsystem including the autocorrelation(ACF) mechanisms. The distance betweenthe syllables calculated by use of the four factors extracted from the ACF of source and sound field signals. Using these distances and its linear combination, speech intelligibility may be calculated. Results of speech intelligibility tests as a function of the delay time of the single reflection are in good agreement with calculated. INTRODUCTION Acoustical index for evaluating speech intelligibility in am acoustic space, such as speech transmission index (STI)I) are widely applied. However these indexes are calculated only by the effect of sound field. In order to calculate speech intelligibility of single syllables, we should consider the characteristic of source signal and the effect of temporal structures of sound fields. In this study, a new method to evaluate speech intelligibility reflecting these effect is proposed. This method is based on the ACF mechanism of the speech information processing assumed in the auditory pathway and the brain. THE MODEL OF CALCULATING SPEECH INTELLIGLBILITY Supposing the existence of distance measure between single syllables, speech intelligibility may be calculated from a simple equation*). Let us assume that there is a characterization of each isolated template syllable Sz in the brain, in the form of Cz, where T means the template of the syllable. And let Si' be a test utterance produced in an sound field,where SF means the sound field. The distance between S& and SE can be given by cs, = D(SF,S3 IC;-Cf,\ Let the number of syllables of the same category with Sr be N. (syllables can be categorized by the type of the consonant and the vowels, because listeners don't mistake syllable over the category.21 ) The equation for calculating intelligibility of the syllable S,, V, may be obtained Y?c = 4x4, 4 4; 100 .N .exp(--....-...-) 4 4-I a+, 44 (2) CHARACTERIZATION FOR CALCULATING DISTANCE In modelling the auditory pathway and brain, the power density spectra in the neural activities in auditory pathways are transformed into the ACF. If IACC = 1, the speech signal of the ear entrance may be processed as the ACF (temporal criterion) in the left hemisphere3). Four orthogonal factors are extracted from the ACF to characterize single syllables. As shown in FIGURE 1, the orthogonal factors are, [l] t,: the effective duration of ACF (the ten percentile delay) meaning the repetitive feature of signals; [2] tl: the delay time of the first peak of ACF signifying the pitch of signals; (31 $1: the amplitude of the fust peak indicating the strength of the pitch; and [4] Q(O): the power of the signal frame.


Fostering the free and open sharing of scientific knowledge between the scientific community and general public is the goal of Academic Torrents. At its core it is a distributed network for efficient content dissemination, connecting scientists, academic journals, readers, research groups, and many others. Leveraging the power of its peer-to-peer architecture, Academic Torrents makes science more accessible through two initiatives. The open data initiative allows researchers to share their datasets at high speeds with low bandwidth costs through the peer-to-peer network. The cooperative nature of scientific research demands access to data, but researchers face significant hurdles making their data available. The technical benefits of the Academic Torrents network allows researchers to scalably and globally distribute content, leading to its adoption by labs all around the world to disseminate and share scientific data. Academic Torrent's open access initiative uses the same technology to share open access papers between institutions and individuals. We design a connector to our network that acts as a onsite digital stack to complement the already existing physical stack curated in the same manner. Utilizing the collective resources of the academic community we eliminate the biases in the closed subscription model and the pay to publish model.


A method of determination of faecal sterols in sewage and marine sediments was established by gas chromatography combined mass spectrometry with single ion monitoring(GC/MS-SIM).Eight ratios of faecal sterol index were applied for discrimination of sewage and biogenic sources,and provided a useful indication of faecal inputs in sewage and marine sediments,relative to other sources of feces.The result showed that faecal sterols could be used as the indicator of pollution sources of feces in sewage and marine sediments.


The structureof sputter- deposited Co/Cumultilayer filmdepends strongly on suchpreparation conditions asthe Argaspressure (PAr) andthesubstrate bias voltage (VB). Forfilmsdeposited atVB=0 V, theinterfaces were flat andthe(111) plane orientation was good atlowPAr. The(111) orientation was better for-30Vfilms thanfor 0Vfilms. Theinterface was flat athigh PAr, in contrast with0V films. Thegiant magnetore¬ sistance (GMR)depended heavily on thelayer flatness, thefilmdensity, andtheexistence of crystal grains withan fcc(200) orientation. Theeffect ofannealing on thefilmstructure andGMR was alsoinvestigated. Annealing for10min.at200°Cinvacuum didnot change thefilm structure verymuch, butthe first GMR peak height of0V films decreased


Objective To study the risk factors of acute renal failure (ARF) complicated to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods The clinical data of 62 patients undergoing OLT were analyzed, which were divided into two groups: patients with ARF (23 cases) and patients without ARF (39 cases). Twenty-nine variables, including clinical and experimental variables, were analyzed by t test for continuous variables and χ~2 test for discrete variables. The variables with significance (P(0.05)) were then analyzed with stepwise logistic regression.Results Five continuous variables,(including) preoperative blood total bilirubin concentration, volume of preoperative ascites, volume of (intraoperative) blood-loss, volume of intraoperative blood transfusion and duration of anhepatic phase, had significant difference between two groups. Four discrete variables, including preoperative ICU care, preoperative hepatic encephalopathy, intraoperative low blood pressure and postoperative infection, had significant difference between two groups. The stepwise logistic regression analysis for 9 variables demonstrated that volume of intraoperative blood-loss and postoperative infection were the (independent) risk factors of ARF complicated to OLT.Conclusion The reason for ARF complicated (to OLT) is multiple. Postoperative infection and volume of intraoperative blood-loss are the (independent) risk factors of ARF complicated to OLT.


There is growing trend towards using Commercial off the shelf (COTS) software within enterprises, as against developing custom-built software. IT service providers, who specialize in executing COTS implementation projects, have to deal with the problem of managing variability within the implementations at different customer enterprises. Customer specific implementations would have variations across different dimensions such as product used, industry vertical, business processes, navigational flows, user interface, technology platform and so on. In this paper, we describe the practical problems faced by service providers in managing variability within test cases for COTS implementations. We draw upon the experience shared with us by practitioners from COTS implementation testing teams and teams who have been developing reusable test cases for various COTS products. We motivate the need for further research on test notations/meta-models for business applications and variability management within these models.


Use the contention of alliin as an evalued index,we compared the effect of the six kinds of garlic enzyme deactivated methods, the best method is microwared 1 min,the determined contention of alliin is the highest.It is better than the carboxymethoxylamine hemihydrichloride method of USP(26).


The mobile station receiving unit configured to receive a signal transmitted from a base station; Selection unit configured to select a communication area to perform communication from a plurality of communication areas by the receiving unit on the basis of the traffic load in the plurality of communication areas capable of receiving a signal; And a notification unit configured to notify the selected communication area to the base station. Another mobile station receiving unit configured to receive a signal transmitted from a base station; Calculating unit configured to calculate the average reception quality value and the ratio of the average reception quality value in a longer period than the short period at the end of the period; And on the basis of the ratio, it includes a selecting section configured to select a communication area to perform communication from a plurality of communication areas where the reception unit can receive the signal. A mobile station, a base station, a cell, sector, traffic load, high-speed packet channel


This paper proposed a holistic temporal-spatial scheduling approach for charging demand (both fast charging and normal charging) of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The proposed solution aims to optimally schedule the PEV charging actions based on PEV operational states with minimized charging costs and travel time, whilst meets the constraints of both transportation and power distribution networks. The power utility can also participate in the scheduling strategy by adopting real-time pricing (RTP) to increase the utilization efficiency of distributed generation (DG) and optimize the profiles of power distribution networks. The proposed solution was assessed through a set of case studies and the numerical results clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


In this paper,a kind of design method of the unloading unit is creatively advanced that is used for generating large value and wide frequengcy range negative step force.At first,the design method is analyzed that generates negative step force based on hammer shocking and unloading,and unloading mechanism is also studied.Then the design of the unloading unit is put forward that is based on dynamic fracture of material,and the relative key elements of the design are researched.Finally,the design is proved to be feasible through the experiments.


2014 We present the basic mechanisms of the absorption of the pumping radiation and the fluorescence emission of inorganic luminescent materials and we give the list of main compounds used by modern technology. Then, we show there were connections between polycrystalline phosphors and laser-material research. We insist on the present status and the future development of phosphors for fluorescent lighting, TV screens, X-ray intensifier screens and electroluminescent devices. Revue Phys. Appl. 21 (1986) 689-707 NOVEMBRE 1986, Classification Physics Abstracts 78.50 78.55


[1] Asteroid 951 Gaspra appears to be in an obliquity resonance with its spin increasing due to the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect (YORP effect, for short). Gaspra, an asteroid 5.8 km in radius, is a prograde rotator with a rotation period of 7.03 hours. A 3 × 106 year integration indicates that its orbit is stable over at least this time span. From its known shape and spin axis orientation and assuming a uniform density, Gaspra's axial precession period turns out to be nearly commensurate with its orbital precession period, which leads to a resonance condition with consequent huge variations in its obliquity. At the same time, its shape is such that the YORP effect is increasing its spin rate. YORP may be a reason for small asteroids entering resonances in the first place: they speed up or slow down and fall into resonances. The continued action of YORP probably ultimately causes asteroids to leave resonances, so that they are quasi-stable states.


PurposeAlthough the literature on corporate governance and firm innovation finds that board independence is important, this paper proposes that the presence of independent directors alone is not enough to explain their impact on firm innovation. This study analyses if diversity among independent directors may affect the relationship between board independence and firm innovation.Design/methodology/approachA panel data on a sample of 124 Spanish listed companies for the period 2008–2019 used to test the hypotheses.FindingsResults suggest that independent directors have a negative effect on firm innovation, measured as number of patents, but when there are high levels of gender and nationality diversity among such directors, this negative effect may be mitigated.Originality/valueConsidering that firm innovation is a complex process associated with decision-making and that board independence itself may be not enough, this study goes a step further and delves deeper into the characteristics of independent directors. As far as is known, this paper is the first theoretical and empirical study that considers that independent director diversity as a moderating variable between board independence and firm innovation. Besides, this research contributes to the debate on the role of independent directors in firm innovation and the results may also serve as a guideline for policy makers and firms for structuring boards that are pro-innovation.


Some 50 registrants attended the one day Engineers for Social Responsibility Conference held in .Auckland on February 9. The following is a summary of the addresses presented by the eight speakers under the two themes, the implications of a nuclear future, and the changing face of engineering in New Zealand.


Constructed wetlands have widely been employed to improve water quality, but only a few studies have assessed removal efficiencies of cations in pond-type and marsh-type wetlands comparatively. This study conveys removal efficiencies of cations in those types of wetlands. High removal efficiencies of NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ were observed, which appeared to be related to plant uptake and soil absorption. In contrast, release of Ca 2+ was distinctive in pond-type wetland of which mechanism is yet to be revealed.


The article expounds the domestic and world marathons from the aspects of theory,organization and practice.It analyzes the existing deficiencies and burning problems in the promotion of Shanghai International Marathon.It explores the future development of Shanghai International Marathon in respects of development advantages and and promotion tactics.


BACKGROUND: Pathogen identification is critical for antibiotic selection in suppurative otitis media. However, bacterial culture challenges from suppurative specimens often cause antibiotic misuse and ineffective treatment. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) controlled by the human cells contained in the specimen (HIRA-TAN) has been established in differentiate between pathogens and colonization in the previous pneumonia study.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of HIRA-TAN and determine the causative pathogen in chronic suppurative otitis media.
METHODS: Thirty-nine patients were recruited to the study. The otorrhea was swab-collected and processed for both bacterial culture and a multiplex PCR-based test. The cutoff of cycle threshold to determinate the pathogens was defined by receiver operating characteristic curves.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients ranging from 1.7 to 62 years old were enrolled. The hearing impairment was found different between adult and children (p < 0.005) with adults (24/29 patients) had a significantly higher rate. A total of 35.9% of samples were positive for bacterial culture; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Morganella morganii, while Bacteroides fragilis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Escherichia coli were not identified by culture, although high cycle-threshold values were obtained suggesting the inability of the culture system in detecting some pathogens.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that HIRA-TAN is a potential diagnostic tool in suppurative otitis media and warrant a larger cohort study.


McGuireWPHoskinsWJBradyMF. Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jan 4;334:1–6.


The paper tackles the task of preserving depth cue in single images for human perception of depth despite compression artifact. The process is mainly divided into 2 steps; saliency map computation and image compression on the basis of salient regions. The idea is that the regions which are less blurred should be more salient rather than blurred regions. For saliency computation the proposed method first obtains the blur information for the image using frequency information. Then we generate saliency map by region combining on the basis of this blur index. These saliency values are used to vary the quality parameter over the blocks in the image for JPEG compression. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme yields good results over normal JPEG compresssion in terms of PSNR values.


after conversion, a grade I episode of rejection occurred. The blood pressure and SCr level decreased after conversion. At 68 days after conversion, given that the skin lesions did not respond to steroid boluses and therapy adjustment, a rescue treatment for rejection was prescribed. This was analogous to a previous report of acute rejection of a forearm allograft (12) and consisted of an additional dose of alemtuzumab (30 mg), topical tacrolimus 0.1% twice a day, and topical betamethasone 0.1% twice a day, in addition to the oral therapy. After 2 weeks, the skin lesions improved clinically in both allografts. Severe hypertriglyceridemia that required the addition of gemfibrozil developed. The follow-up data for SCr and estimated GFR (eGFR) are shown in Figure 1. A mean decrease in SCr level of 0.21 mg/dL (95% CI 0.26 – 0.43; P 0.044) and a mean increase in the eGFR of 10.7 mL/min (95% CI 1.6 –18.4; P 0.008) were observed. There were no major infectious complications. The main adverse effects of sirolimus included hypertriglyceridemia, mouth ulcers, and hand rash (11), but proteinuria and interstitial pneumonitis were not observed (13). A skin dehiscence was observed in the third recipient after a cosmetic revision of the right allograft on postoperative day 542. In summary, a statistically significant decrease in SCr accompanied by an increased eGFR was observed after conversion from tacrolimus to sirolimus. Although the kidney function of recipients of composite tissue allografts may benefit from conversion to sirolimus in the late posttransplantation period, acute rejection episodes might be expected after conversion.


PurposeThis paper aims to deepen the understanding of logics and practice variation in sustainability reporting in an emerging field.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts the institutional logics perspective and its conceptualization of society as an inter-institutional system as a theoretical lens to understand reasons for the presence of and variation in sustainability reporting. The empirical findings are based on analysis of 28 semi-structured interviews with significant social actors, and extensive documentary evidence focusing on eight companies pioneering sustainability reporting in Pakistan.FindingsThis paper confirms the presence of multiple co-existing logics in sustainability practices and lack of a dominant logic. Sustainability reporting practices are underpinned by a combination of market and corporate (business logics), state (regulatory logics), professional (transparency logics) and community (responsibility logics) institutional orders. It is argued that institutional heterogeneity (variations in logics) drives the diversity of motivations for and variations in sustainability reporting practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper offers a deeper theoretical explanation of how various logics dominate sustainability reporting in a field where the institutionalization of practice is in its infancy.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the conditions that influence the logics of corporate decision-makers will provide new insights into what motivates firms to engage in sustainability reporting. A broader understanding of sustainability reporting in emerging fields will foster its intended use to increase transparency, accountability and sustainability performance.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to relatively scarce but growing empirical research on emerging fields. Its major contribution lies in its focus on how multiple and conflicting institutional logics are instantiated at the organizational level, leading to wide practice variations, especially in an emerging field. In doing so, it advances the institutional logics debate on practice variations within the accounting literature.


EnglishThis paper deals with the issue of equivalence in legal translation. The author is convinced that legal translation is based on different assumptions in comparison with specialized translation in general and requires a specific approach. This is due to the specific object of this kind of translation which is the law, varying from country to country, so the translator must face the lack of conceptual equivalence. This diversity is necessarily reflected in legal language. The paper presents primarily selected specificities of two basic elements of this language, ie. legal terminology and legal discourse and proposes some advice on how to approach the specific task of legal translation. Secondly, the practical part is trying to verify the practical usefulness of conventional translation methods of Vinay and Darbelnet applied to the selected material, which is the terminology of the French courts. francaisCette contribution traite de la question de l'equivalence en traduction juridique. L'auteur est convaincu que la traduction juridique est fondee sur des suppositions differentes par rapport a la traduction spe- cialisee en general et necessite une approche specifique. Cela est du a l'objet specifique de ce type de traduction qui est le droit, variant d'un pays a l'autre, de sorte que le traducteur doit faire face a l'absence d'equivalence conceptuelle. Cette diversite se reflete necessairement dans le langage juridique. La contribution presente tout d'abord les specificites des deux elements de base de ce langage choisi, a savoir la terminologie juridique et le discours juridique, et propose quelques conseils sur la facon comment aborder la tâche specifique de la traduction juridique. En outre, la partie pratique tente de verifier l'utilite pratique des methodes de traduction classiques de Vinay et Darbelnet appliquees sur le materiau choisi qui est la terminologie des juridictions francaises.


Objectives The ef fi cacy of tocilizumab (TCZ), an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, has not previously been evaluated in a population consisting exclusively of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods In a double-blind randomised controlled trial (FUNCTION), 1162 methotrexate (MTX)-naive patients with early progressive RA were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) one of four treatment groups: 4 mg/kg TCZ TCZ+MTX, TCZ+placebo placebo+MTX (comparator primary was to Disease Activity group were mainly driven by insuf fi cient therapeutic response and refused treatment; withdrawals in the TCZ combination therapy groups were mainly related to safety (primarily hepatic transaminase elevations). Two patients randomly assigned to the placebo+MTX group received TCZ at the baseline visit and were allocated to the 4 mg/kg TCZ+MTX group for safety analysis. The ITT population comprised 1157 patients, and the safety population comprised 1153 patients. ITT, intent-to-treat; MTX, methotrexate; TCZ, tocilizumab.


This paper presents the methodology of single phase induction motor (SPIM) speed controlling by new binary rate multipliers (BRM) technique that gives rise to suitable energy supply to the motor at any instant. Knowing the voltage and current, power is calculated by the vector space method. The result is feedback to a proportional-integral (PI) controller for processing by means of BRM which gives the patterns up to 256 forms. It shows fast response time of returning to normal state, both loading and no load, not exceeding 1.5 seconds. The superiority of this technique is that, both apparent and reactive power decrease while running at no load and full load power factor increases up to 0.444 and 0.633 respectively. Thus, higher efficiency is achieved.


Taking Excel as the development platform, one offshore wind turbine foundation monitoring system software is developed merging two excellent analysis softwares, namely FlexPDE expert in multi-physics coupling simulation and ANSYS expert in structural analysis and display features. They are integrated together, the influence of seabed instability on the pile response could be considered, so the pile response simulation is more close to the actual condition. By using of such a simple software, Donghai-bridge offshore wind farm soil condition is evaluated, this example shows that this monitoring software is practical, could be used in the offshore wind turbine monitoring.


January 1909 at Wyndham's Theatre in London, has long been the subject of scholarly interest, if not concerted attention. Written by the lesser-known sibling of the famous du Maurier family, the production, in the words of The Times, "floated to notoriety on a wave of politics" ("Coming Theatrical Season"). By the end of its initial run at Wyndham's in mid-June the play had been performed 161 times and watched by nearly 200,000 people ("Notes"). Theatre attendees included politicians and ministers, army officers and novelists, and even King Edward VII himself. Outside of the capital, touring production companies helped du Maurier's creation achieve national and international acclaim, generating unprecedented levels of press coverage and political controversy along the way. A play about invasion that spoke to contemporary anxieties over Britain's military strength and physical health, its popularity owed much to the introspective concerns that have come to define pre-1914 Britain (Powell; Trumble and Rager 2-9). An Englishman's Home has typically been approached by scholars as an example of Edwardian invasion and future-war literature, and as an important event in the contemporary debate surrounding compulsory military service (Clarke, Voices 126; Scully 109-19; Moon 398-407; Adams 53-74; Broad 14-18). The play has equally been considered through the concept of British militarism and as evidence of increasing Anglo-German antagonism (Eby; Whyte; Steiner and Neilson 44-83). Nicholas Hiley offers the most detailed analysis of the play, focusing in particular on its relationship with the Edwardian system of theatrical censorship. Similarly important is Jon Hegglund's comparison of Howards End and An Englishman's Home, in which both pieces are read as critiques of suburban life, and as indicative of the cultural value of "the home" in Edwardian Britain. 184 THEATRE NOTEBOOK


This work addresses the significant differences in compressor rotor wake mixing loss which exist in a stage environment relative to a rotor in isolation. The wake decay for a rotor in isolation is due solely to viscous dissipation which is an irreversible process and thus leads to a loss in both total pressure and efficiency. Rotor wake decay in the stage environment is due to both viscous mixing and the inviscid strain imposed on the wake fluid particles by the stator velocity field. This straining process, referred to by Smith (1993) as recovery, is reversible and for a 2D rotor wake leads to an inviscid reduction of the velocity deficit of the wake. A model for the rotor wake decay process is developed and used to quantify the viscous dissipation effects relative to those of inviscid wake stretching. The model is verified using laser anemometer measurements acquired in the wake of a transonic rotor operated in isolation and in a stage configuration at near peak efficiency and near stall operating conditions. Additional insight is provided by a time-accurate 3D Navier-Stokes simulation of the compressor stator flow field at the corresponding stage loading levels. Results from the wake decay model exhibit good agreement with the experimental data. Data from the model, laser anemometer measurements, and numerical simulations indicate that for the rotor/stator spacing used in this work, which is typical of core compressors, rotor wake straining (stretching) is the primary decay process in the stator passage with viscous mixing playing only a minor role. The implications of these results on compressor stage design are discussed.


Reference design for radio part is OKI's ML7050LA [2] single chip RF having for example following blocks integrated: Low noise amplifier (LNA), power amplifier (PA), image rejection mixer (IMR). Block diagram of ML7050LA is in Figure 1. By assuming to use 3 V supply voltage Tx power dissipation is 102mW and Rx power dissipation is 165mW. Abstract—Wireless sensor networks have several challenges and one of those challenges is power efficiency. Almost in all cases in wireless sensor network's nodes get their energy from batteries without having capability for charging. One design constraint is long operating time so efficient energy management in all levels play key role. This paper briefly introduces power management concept in different design levels – VLSI design techniques for low power designs, energy efficient protocols and energy efficient topologies.


Dietary modification, through supplementation and elimination diets, has become an area of interest to help slow skin aging, reduce symptom severity or prevent reoccurrence of certain dermatologic conditions [Clinical Dermatology vol. 31 (2013) 677–700].


Much of the value of an Internet-of-Things ("IoT") startup resides in its intellectual property. Many IoT startups use China, mainly Shenzhen, to develop, manufacture, and ship their product.

Though this strategy provides many benefits, it also presents substantial challenges. IoT entrepreneurs often fail to ask the right initial questions of their Chinese manufacturer or take the basic legal steps needed to ensure they can track, retain and verify ownership of their own IP. This situation makes investors nervous and can greatly complicate the raising of initial or subsequent rounds of capital.

At the micro-level, this article discusses the IP risks for foreign IoT startups that develop and manufacture their devices in China and offers strategic recommendations for how to manage that process to achieve a clean deal for investors and ultimately a meaningful liquidity event. At the macro-level, we highlight how intellectual property law and contract law can be leveraged to help drive the development of ecosystems in finance, entrepreneurship, and supply chain.


Due to circumstances beyond its control, Lockheed Martin's Athena Small Launch Vehicle Program is being forced to relocate from the current Space Launch Complex (SLC) 6 at Vandenberg AFB, CA, to an alternate location. Using a hierarchical, multiobjective value model, we analyze and evaluate alternative launch sites capable of performing SLC-6 polar orbiting missions, as well as future easterly launches. The objective of the study is to recommend highly favorable launch sites to Lockheed Martin Astronautics management for further development.


Global routing in VLSI design is a difficult discrete optimization problem. This paper describes the global VLSI routing using Differential Evolution based optimization technique to find out the minimum routing wire length. The routing process determines the precise paths to interconnect the chip components. The geometrical layout of the path connected in the chip must be satisfied its design requirements. This paper proposes a novel approach to apply of Differential Evolution algorithm for solving the optimization problems in discrete spaces. Performance of this approach in VLSI routing is effective and it can be efficiently used in other discrete optimization problems. The results obtained in this work are compared with other evolutionary computing techniques like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and FLUTE algorithm which are frequently used in routing problems.


Abstract Signing a contract is step that every employee will go through before taking office, and it will ensure employees' rights and obligations during the tenure. In Taiwan, 76% of workers are employed, so the effects of employee contract selection can be significant. However, since individuals usually lack the understanding of their capability for job-related skills, they will tend to be overconfident about their abilities, resulting in imprudent contract selection and even the possible decrease in income. In addition, because belief is one the factors forming individuals' behavior, it will have strong influence on overconfident individuals' decision making of contract selection. The research will conduct a survey to analyze the relationship among personal capability perception, overconfidence, degree of belief, and employment contract selection. The major empirical results are as follows: 1.When participant's personal capability perception are incomplete, they will tend to be overconfident about their abilities. 2. Such overconfidence will cause participant to incorrectly select performance-based contract and result in lower income. 3. Overconfident participants who select performance-based contract will have a high degree of beliefs than participants who select fixed-pay contract.


Pinchover [23] proved Liouville‐type property for Schrödinger operators by applying the criticality theory. We extend in [28] the criticality theory to Schrödinger forms. Employing this result, we show Liouville‐type property for Schrödinger forms with non‐local part.


The problem on the evolution of a bubble in an incompressible continuum is analyzed in the spaces W l,l/2 2 . A local existence theorem for the problem is proved in the case of non-negative surface tension without the restrictions on the viscosities and the densities imposed in [1]. The elimination of these restrictions was first obtained for the problem with zero surface tension in [2]. Next, global unique solvability is established for the problem without surface tension forces on the interface and with small data, the liquids being located in a container. The proof is based on an exponential global estimate for a generalized energy in a linear problem [3]. The case where a drop is surrounded by a gas may be studied in the same way. The problem on the motion of two compressible barotropic capillary fluids separated by a closed interface was studied in [4], [5] where local solvability was also obtained with restrictions on the fluid viscosities. These restrictions are discussed and a way to eliminate them is presented.


The Miami Indians inhabited parts of Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan. There were several tribes living in Indiana around 2,000 years ago (Sultzman 1999). Recently, Ball State University archeologists have discovered several burial sites near New Castle and Jay County. The Miami are Amerind and are predominantly lineage C, thus they were from the initial migrations into the Americas about 30,000 years ago (Stone, et al 1998). However, beyond the lineage, there is little known about individual Miami or the relationship between individuals. The investigation of certain restriction sites, or hap10types, that are unique to American Indians will allow this Miami individual to be further studied. With the creation of a HaeIlllibrary, this will allow for a bank from which the individual can be studied and then later compared to other tribes. Valuable and rare genetic data is saved. To create a library, dentin from a tooth sample will be used as a source of mitochondrial DNA. The DNA is isolated and then digested. PCR is then used to amplifY the segments of interest. Electrophoresis is used to analyze the band sizes that will provide information about the haplotypes. However, the dentin from the tooth did not provide much DNA, only 0.035 ugluL. The sample was also heavily contaminated by protein. The mtDNA may have been degraded over time due to the elements. The gels were not informative because the samples were smeared and there was not any band differentiation. The presence of a D-Loop could not be accurately decided. There was no way to determine the specifics about the individual Miami Unfortunately, nearly the entire sample was depleted in an effort to make a determination. Some dentin was saved for later analysis.


Introduction:TORCH infections causing via Toxoplasma gondii, other microorganisms (e.g., Treponema pallidum), Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss. The current study determined the serological data of TORCH infections in women who were in their first trimesters of pregnancy.This descriptive study was carried out on 80 pregnant women in their first trimester in Kashan, Iran.Methods: To detect specific IgM antibodies and specific IgG antibodies against the TORCH infections via ELISA, Sera were collected from the pregnant women.Results: The specific IgG antibodies were found to be positive in 30(37.5%) cases for toxoplasmosis, in 74 (92.5%) cases for the Rubella virus, in 79(98.8%) cases for CMV and in 73 samples (91.3%) for the HSV types 1 and 2 infection. 3.8% of cases were found to be seropositive for Toxoplasma IgM antibody (95% CI, 0.38-7.9), 5% were positive for CMV IgM antibody (95% CI, 0.23-9.77) and 7.5% were positive for the HSV IgM antibody (95% CI, 1.8-13.2). 63.8% of pregnant women were at risk for at least to one of the TORCH agents.Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of infections caused by TORCH agents among pregnant women. Therefore, national screening programmed is necessary to screen the TORCH infections routinely and to prevent and treat congenital TORCH infection


As plastic and plastic products are being used in day to day at the cost of environment pollution, the human and wild life health and has become a global concern. Researchers found link between abnormal liver enzymes in the people and Bisphenol-A (BPA). Changes in insulin resistance, reproduction system, cardiovascular and brain function are also reported. BPA is used in the production of epoxy resins, polycarbonate resins, and polyester resins. BPA can leach out of certain plastic products including variety of modern goods, reusable food storage containers, eyeglass lenses, white dental fillings, sealants, medical equipments etc. In the body, BPA behaves as an estrogen receptor agonist and mimics estrogen hormone. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) used as the base compound in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics. Children and unborn and new born babies are at high risk of unwanted effects of BPA. Children suffer from chronic exposure to bisphenol A with manifestation of gastrointestinal problems, adrenal stress, immune dysfunction, toxic over load and neurological disorders. Some study in Japan has observed that more BPA can leach from polycarbonate products that have been scratched or is more than 4 years old or used bottles that have been subjected to bottle brushing or dishwashing and sterilization. People exposed to higher levels of BPA due to use of plastic food and beverages containers are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic disorder. Recent studies have suggested that BPA exposure may have a role in the development of weight gain, insulin resistance, pancreatic endocrine dysfunction, thyroid hormone disruption, and several other mechanisms involved in the development of diabetes. Urinary BPA levels are found to be associated with diabetes mellitus independent of traditional diabetes risk factors. There is a concern of exposure of BPA to pregnant women that can affect the development of offspring in the womb. It is considered that women may be placing their fetuses at the risk by having dental sealants applied during pregnancy. Public should be educated about the use of plastic and plastic products which can prove to be hazardous and risk factor to many health problems of human and wild life.


Three studies were designed to investigate the intimate relations of people with depression. The results indicated that people with depression and partners of people with depression reported a lower: sexual frequency, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, level of communication and engagement, positive view of their partner, and more stressors and sexual dysfunctions than the non-depressed comparison group.


Absorption refrigeration has a potential to become among the most effective refrigeration unit due to low power consumption and eco-friendly benefits. However, the problem of relatively lower performance compared to the compressor refrigeration unit has increased the efforts for improvements including working fluid modification and addition of special additive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects by adding Zeolite NaA as an additive in the ammonia/water solution in the bench-scale absorption refrigeration system. The additive contains of certain chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, sodium aluminate and sodium metacilicate. The additive was added with different concentrations in the range of 0.2 mM to 0.001 M. From the experiment, the highest COP was calculated to be 6.3 with 0.001 M of additive, while the lowest cooling box temperature was recorded to be 20°C with 0.6 mM additive and 1.5 of COP. The ratio of ammonia and water solution was 30/70% by volume for the obtained result which could be subjected to further research.


We provide the reader with an initial study of Max Weber's concept of appropriation, focusingin particular on the relationship he establishes between it and the notion of power. Based on this link, and using a more concrete example, we concentrate on the way it determines the author's economic thinking. While the importance of the first concept in the building of his economic sociology is recognized, we do not look at previous referencesfor this category. Among other things, the study discovers some elements that enable us to question the relationship established between the instituted and instituting expressions of the concept of appropriation. With this study we intend to contributeto the understanding, criticism and renewed use of Max Weber's economic and socialtheory in Latin America.


Purpose: To determine the effect of marketed multipurpose contact lens solutions (MPSs) on human corneal epithelial cells (HCEpiCs) toxicity by using image analysis. Methods: HCEpiCs were exposed six MPSs (product A-F) at 0.05~50% for 2h, 12h, 24h, and 48h respectively. HCEpiCs were fixed and stained with Draq5 after exposure with MPSs, and the cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by using confocal microscope and ImageXpress UltraTM. Results: Viabilities of HCEpiCs exposed to MPS A-F for a 2h were not affected, while reductions (52~75%) in cell viability over a 12h exposure of MPS B, MPS C, MPS D and MPS F, and significant more reductions (29~73%) over a 24h and 48h-exposure. Apoptosis of HCEpiC was not affect over a 12h MPS exposure, however was significantly increased (199~526%) over 24h and 48h MPS exposure. Among the products MPS D, E and F reduced viability of HCEpiCs and apoptosis increased more than MPS A (p<0.05). Conclusions: Lower concentration of MPSs have not an cytotoxic effect on HCEpiCs, however higher concentration of MPSs induce apoptosis and reduce viability of HCEpiCs. Therefore, it need to develop MPS having antimicrobial effectiveness with low cytotoxicity.


Objective: Colistin, a bactericidal antibiotic, was used in the 1960s for the treatment of infections by gram-negative bacteria. Because of its side effects and the development of safer drugs, its use was abandoned in the 1980s. In infections within clinics where multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGNB) (especially Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp.) are present, colistin usage is suggested if there is drug resistance to any other antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity is one of the commonly observed adverse effects following intravenous (IV) administration of colistin. Nephrotoxicity is dose-dependent and reversible. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colistin in MDRGNB infections occurring in pediatric and neonatal patients. Material and Methods: The files of all patients under the age of 18 who were given IV colistin treatment, apart from inhaler treatments, were retrospectively investigated. Demographic characteristics of patients, risk factors for systemic infection, causative microorganisms, and susceptibilities and side effects of colistin were evaluated. Results: Twenty-three patients meeting the criteria were included in the study. The median age was 2 years (4 days-17 years). Colistin was used for infections caused by MDR Acinetobacter baumannii 78.2% (18/23) and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.8% (5/23). MDR A. baumannii was found growing in the blood cultures of 15 patients and in the urine, wound, and respiratory sample of 1 patient. MDR P. aeruginosa was found in respiratory samples of 4 patients and the blood culture of 1 patient. The duration of treatment with colistin was a median of 13 (4-30) days. All patients were given additional antibiotics with colistin. The most commonly used antibiotics were carbapenems (13 patients), with 5 patients given sulbactam-ampicillin, 4 given ciprofloxacin, and 3 given aminoglycoside. One patient died during treatment with colistin. No patient developed nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity. Conclusion: It appears that IV colistin use is effective and safe for MDRGNB treatment in pediatric patients. (J Pediatr Inf 2014; 8: 153-8)


Cryptography is used to transmit the data securely in open network. This paper gives the survey of Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) used in many applications. ECC is a when compared to RSA and discrete logarithm systems, is a better option for the future. For this reason ECC is such an excellent choice for doing asymmetric cryptography in portable devices right now. The smaller ECC keys it turn makes the cryptographic operations that must be performed by the communicating devices to be embedded into considerably smaller hardware, so that software applications may complete cryptographic operations with fewer processor cycles, and operations can be performed much faster, while still retaining equivalent security. This means, in turn, reduced power consumption, less space consumed on the printed circuit board, and software applications that run more rapidly make lower memory demands. In brief, for communication using smaller devices and asymmetric cryptosystem we need ECC.


Studied the reaction to facial deformities and the evaluation of physical and social handicap in connection with rehabilitation.

Threshold and latency time of 40 male and 40 female normal subjects, reaction to male and female deformed and non-deformed faces (Jive of each) was measured by tachistoscopic procedure. In test 1 subjects responded 'man'/'woman', in test 11 'deject'/ 'normal'. In test 111 seven additional and the pictures of the ten deformities of rests I, II were scored on degree of handicap.

Results by use of a quasi-four-way analysis of variance (tests 1, 11) and factor analvsis (III) show significant differences in reaction to deformity versus nondeformity (p < .01). Sex takes longer to report with deformed females (p < .05), deformity with females (p < .01); deformitylnormality is reported differently with own versus other sex (p < .05). Increasing degree of deformity does not correspond to increase in reaction time; slight deficiencies cause reactions indicating confusion.

Several levels of discrimination - autonomic and social psychological - and the possible use of evaluation scales to reveal psychological problems of facial deformities are discussed.


The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was developed by NASA and launched onboard the Terra spacecraft on December 18,1999 and Aqua spacecraft on May 4,2002. It achieved its final orbit and began Earth observations on February 24, 2000 for Terra and June 24, 2002 for Aqua. A comprehensive set of remote sensing algorithms for cloud masking and the retrieval of cloud physical and optical properties has been developed by members of the MODIS atmosphere science team. The archived products from these algorithms have applications in climate change studies, climate modeling, numerical weather prediction, as well as fundamental atmospheric research. In addition to an extensive cloud mask, products include cloud-top properties (temperature, pressure, effective emissivity), cloud thermodynamic phase, cloud optical and microphysical parameters (optical thickness, effective particle radius, water path), as well as derived statistics. We will describe the various cloud properties being analyzed on a global basis from both Terra and Aqua, and will show characteristics of cloud optical and microphysical properties as a function of latitude for land and ocean separately, and contrast the statistical properties of similar cloud types in various parts of the world.


In modern wireless communications, numerous diversity techniques are used to improve the performance of signal transmission over multiple channels. This paper focuses primarily on the evaluation of Quasi Orthogonal & Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) for a 4x2 system model. The paper proceeds by checking which of these two codes Orthogonal STBC or Quasi-orthogonal STBC, is better by evaluating relationship between the Symbol Error Rate (SER) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Furthermore we shall evaluate the performance of each with respect to their diversity.


Main reliability parameters of complicated electromagnetic systems are examined in this paper. A method of investigation of reliability parameters for composite systems by means of generating functions is developed taking account of aging of the system's output elements.


The diversity of chironomid larvae in relation to flooding and drought phases in a marginal fluvial wetland of the Middle Parana River floodplain was analyzed. Four sampling stations in the right bank of the Tiradero Viejo River towards the interior of the marginal wetland were established: one at the riverside, and three more at 10, 30 and 40 m from the river. Bottom sediment samples were extracted during the hydrosedimentological cycle of 2001. A total of 25 taxa of Chironomidae were recorded. The values of taxonomic richness, density and diversity were higher in the marginal fluvial wetland than in the riverside, increasing when the wetland is disconnecting from the river. Polypedilum (Tripodura) spp., Polypedilum (Polypedilum) spp., Ablabesmyia (Karelia) spp., Coelotanypus sp., Monopelopia cf. boliekae, Goeldichironomus holoprasinus and Chironomus gr. decorus spp. were dominant in marginal wetlands. The results indicate that the variations in the hydrosedimentological regime, the degree of disconnection with the river and the progressive desiccation at each one of the stations of the marginal fluvial wetland are limitant factors in the distribution and abundance of aquatic chironomids. The different assemblages of Chironomidae were strongly conditioned by temporal changes related to the gradient of inundation-drought and to the hydroperiod dynamics.


This study was designed to examine if mental skills and strategies such as high confidence, commitment, and the use of cooperative routines, as well as previously unexamined physical, social, and environmental factors affect Olympic performance. Athletes and coaches from 8 Atlanta US Olympic teams were interviewed. Four teams met/exceeded performance expectations and 4 teams failed to perform up to performance predictions. Focus group interviews were conducted with 2 to 4 athletes from each team. Individual interviews were conducted with 1 or 2 coaches from each team. Each interview was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by three trained investigators using hierarchical content analyses. Differences existed between teams that met/exceeded performance expectations and teams that failed. Teams that met/exceeded expectations participated in resident training programs, experienced crowd and family or friend support, utilized mental preparation, and were highly focused and committed. Teams that failed to meet...


Cultural heritage sites are commonly identified on the basis of their heritage values and significances. Though, cultural heritage significances are often acknowledged, yet are probably too intangible to be integrated into the management and development processes of heritage sites.
This paper demonstrates a research work that has been looking at developing a strategy for interpreting/understanding cultural heritage sites based on identifying their significances, and the possibility for evaluating such significances for the purpose of connecting them to site management objectives. The research employed qualitative research methodology, where the investigation employed critical literature review and content discourse analysis of data and heritage management documents (with main focus on UNESCO's World Heritage Sites documents and ICOMOS' charters), questionnaires and site observation. The research mainly focused on the study of two World Heritage Sites: Liverpool Mercantile City and Historic Cairo, but also expanded to include other cultural heritage sites that are not on the World Heritage List, including sites from: Ningbo, Hangzhou, Zhouzhuang, Suzhou and Beijing cities in China, and Preston, Nottingham, Manchester, and London Cities in United Kingdom.
The paper proposes a process that identifies and evaluates fifteen cultural heritage significances, namely: architectural/monumental, historic, memorial/remembrance, social, spiritual/religious, artistic/inspirational, climatic/ecological, environmental/contextual, symbolic/iconic, panoramic/scenic, function-ability, scientific, technological, economic, and political significances. The proposed process relates the significance classification to five types of cultural heritage resources: object/collection, building/construction, heritage route, historic city, and urban/rural heritage landscapes.
The research then classifies the management objectives of cultural heritage sites into eight types: appropriateness, representativeness, narration, memory-recalling, engagement, uniqueness, balance, and movement. The different objectives thereafter are connected to the main overarching five-pillar significance interpretation strategy, UNCAP (Understanding people, Narrating the story, Conserving the spirit of place, Architectural intervention, and Preserving the built heritage).


. [Purpose] We examined the characteristics of lower limb muscles of the elderly in climbing stairs as a fall prevention study. [Methods] This study selected 40 elderly people aged 60 or older who could walk indepen-dently. The activity of climbing stairs was divided into four stages: standing, knee flexion, touching the stair, and as -cending. Muscle activities of the lower limbs were measured by electromyography. [Results] There were significant differences in the activities of four muscles in the four stages of climbing stairs. The right leg showed significant differences in onset times of the four muscles, activities, but the left leg showed no significant differences. [Conclu -sion] Activity of the tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles were different at each stage of climbing stairs. We also found that the tibialis anterior was activated first to prevent dragging of the right leg, and the left leg muscles worked simultaneously to provid stability.


The purpose of this paper was the studying of hydrodynamic cavitation effect on physical properties of carbonaceous material – heat-treated cellulose. The heat-treated cellulose powders have been investigated by the method of X-ray phase analysis (XPA). Hence it was possible to obtain nanofluid – a water suspension with the features characteristic of weak water suspension of fulleroids as a result of rather short cavitation processing of the weak water suspension of heat-treated cellulose, nanofluid is very perspective for industrial technologies.


In this study solar light and UV radiation were us ed to compared for efficiency of decolorization of textile wastewater containing of C.I. Direct Blue 1 77 (DB-177) dye. The effect of solution pH, tempera tu e and present of H2O2 on percentage of decolourization were studied. The experimental results showed that decolorization percentage with UV radiation at 30 m inutes in presence of 0.03M H 2O2 and ambient temperature of 50°C was 99.8. For the same sample using solar l ight, the presence of hydrogen peroxide at a concen tration of 5 times more and 3 times more time, a similar pe rcentage was decolorization. Therefore, it is sugge sted that the decolorization of dye DB-177 is performed in th e presence of ultraviolet radiation.


Sandstone acidizing is implemented to remove the damage from the near-wellbore region. Different techniques are used to remove the formation and damage and improve reservoir productivity. This paper presents a novel sandstone stimulation technique using thermochemical fluids. The used chemicals are not reactive at surface conditions and react only at the downhole conditions. The reservoir temperature or pH controller can be used to activate the chemical reaction. A successful field application of the proposed method is reported in this paper.
 Different measurements were conducted to assess the performance of the new technique. A compatibility study was conducted at different conditions to evaluate the generation of acid foam. Also, Coreflood experiments were performed by injecting the foam generating solutions into tight sandstone cores. The rock permeability and the pores network were evaluated before and after the chemical injection. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and analyses were performed. Moreover, a field application of the in situ acid foam generation was conducted. The treatment was implemented by injecting the solutions to react at the downhole conditions and improve the well injectivity. The profiles of injection rate, circulation pressure, and total volume were monitored during the field treatment to assess the treatment performance.
 Results showed that the used solutions can generate foam in less time and the volume of the generated foam is around 30 folds of the original chemical volumes. The in situ generated foam can penetrate deeper in the reservoir due to the larger foam volume compared to original chemicals, leading to improve treatment efficiency. Also, the new technique increased the rock permeability from 0.6 to 420 mD due to the dissolution and removal of illite minerals as well as the generation of micro-fractures due to the pressure pulses. The field application showed a very successful performance and the well injectivity was increased by 18 times after the treatment.
 The proposed technique utilizes thermochemical fluids to generate acid foam at the reservoir conditions. This technique can eliminate all the risks associated with HSE concerns, in addition to the corrosion issues. Also, the proposed treatment showed a successful field application and increased the well injectivity up by 18 folds of the original injectivity.


ABSTRACT Rickettsia typhi, the causative agent of murine typhus, grows directly within the host cell cytoplasm, accumulating a large number of progeny, and eventually lyses the cells. Typhus group rickettsiae (R. typhi and R. prowazekii) adhere to and lyse human and sheep erythrocytes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying erythrocyte lysis by R. typhi has not been defined. Here we describe the cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene (tlyC) encoding a hemolysin fromR. typhi. DNA sequence analysis of R. typhi tlyC revealed an open reading frame of 912 bp, which encodes a protein of 304 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 38 kDa. To associate the R. typhi tlyC gene product with hemolytic activity, we performed complementation studies with hemolysin-negativeProteus mirabilis WPM111 (a HpmA− mutant of BA6163) transformed with R. typhi tlyC or R. typhi GFPuv-tlyC constructs. We demonstrated that the clonedtlyC gene conferred a hemolytic phenotype on an otherwise nonhemolytic mutant of P. mirabilis. The availability of the cloned R. typhi tlyC will permit further characterization and definition of its role in rickettsial virulence.


Electrooptic polymer waveguide modulators have demonstrated excellent characterizations including high-speed (with a bandwidth up to 100 GHz) and lower drive voltages [1]. A key factor to achieve efficient high-speed modulation in polymer devices is to design wide bandwidth electrodes. Theoretical simulations to optimize microstrip line (MSL) electrode design for high-speed polymer modulators have recently been reported [2]. To further optimize electrode design, we have investigated coplanar waveguide (CPW) electrodes, which has been the only electrode structure for high-speed optical modulators based on inorganic crystals. It is found that bandwidth of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) electrode is significantly higher than that of the microstrip line (MSL), which are most commonly employed for high-speed optical polymer modulators. More importantly, electric fields applied on two arms of optical Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) are naturally opposite, therefore, no posh-pull poling is needed in the processing. Furthermore, CPW electrodes also possess advantages including coplanar structures, which eases packaging process, capability of multilevel stacking and easy connections to the external coaxial lines.


Interaction between an air-stable orange-colored dye molecule, acridine orange base (AOB), and single-crystal surfaces of ZnO(1010), (0001), and (0001) is examined by synchrotron-radiation-excited photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. AOB adsorbs molecularly on the ZnO surfaces to form chemical bonds with the surface O atoms. AOB tends to lie flat on the surfaces, whereas a more stand-up orientation is preferred on the AOB-crowded surfaces. AOB adsorption induces downward bending of the ZnO band with the largest amount on ZnO(0001), followed by the ZnO(1010) and ZnO(0001) surfaces, indicating an electron donor property of AOB. The energy level alignment at the AOB/ZnO interface is determined and is found to be characterized by a type-II heterojunction, which favors the charge transfer of the excited electron from AOB to ZnO.


This paper has briefly introduced the definition, classification, harms, sources and control of particles, lists the particle evaluation method of coronary stents. And the development trend of particle evaluation method of coronary stents is also analyzed.


The methods used in conducting static stability analyses have remained pertinent to this day for reasons of both simplicity and speed of execution. The most well‐known of these methods for purposes of stability analysis of fractured rock masses is the key‐block method (KBM).


Spectrum is a valuable resource for broadcasting and wireless communications. Despite the fact that most of the sub-l-GHz spectrum is granted, spectrum surveys in suburban areas reveal a poor usage efficiency (less than 20% on average). Cognitive Radio for 5G next generation radio is a potential technology for dynamically exploit the spectrum white spaces, particularly in low populated rural areas. However, not all the empty spectrum is useful for providing broadband wireless connectivity guaranteeing a certain Quality of Service (QoS) or without causing harmful interference to the primary licensed services. In this paper we perform a large scale-spectrum survey and measurement campaign in two rural areas. We also quantity the white spaces and its real potential for secondary services. Our research reveals that, on average, less than 11% of the spectrum is in use in the surveyed rural areas. However, in one area only 60% of the white spaces can be used for a commercial service.


A study was accomplished in regard to the microbiological abundance in the muscle of Indian White Shrimp ( Penaeus indicus ) collected from three departmental chain shops and three local markets of Dhaka metropolitan city has been assessed in terms of total bacterial count (TBC), coliform and Salmonella ? Shigella (SS) counts. The TBC ranged from 2.1 ± 0.20 × 10 4 to 4.7 ± 0.50 × 10 5 cfu/g for departmental shop frozen shrimp and 4.2 ± 0.45 × 10 6 to 1.3 ± 0.50 × 10 8 cfu/g for local market iced shrimp. The total coliform count ranged between 1.6 ± 0.20 × 10 2 and 2.1 ± 0.25 × 10 3 cfu/g for the chain shop frozen shrimp and 2.8 ± 0.30 × 10 3 and 7.8 ± 0.50 × 10 5 cfu/g for the retail market iced shrimp. Furthermore, the Salmonella ? Shigella (SS) count for chain shop frozen and local market iced shrimp varied from 0.5 ± 0.0 × 10 2 to 1.3 ± 0.10 × 10 2 cfu/g and 0.7 ± 0.0 × 10 2 to 2.1 ± 0.25 × 10 2 cfu/g, respectively. Presence of Vibrio spp. was confirmed in 11 samples (5 from departmental shops and 6 from local markets). In case of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the indicator and pathogenic isolates, all of them were resistant to penicillin and bacitracin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to streptomycin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin. The results confirmed that the samples of local markets contained high pathogenic bacterial load which are supposed to be threat to food safety creating food borne diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i1.9741 DUJBS 2012 21(1): 29-38