Background To investigate the molecular basis for invasion of malignant gliomas, proteomic analysis approach was carried out using two human glioma cell lines, U87MG and U343MG-A that demonstrate different motility and invasiveness in in vitro experiments. Methods High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis were performed. Results Nine distinct protein spots that were recognized with significant alteration between the two cell lines. Five of these protein spots were up-regulated in U87MG and four were up-regulated in U343MG-A. Conclusion Among these proteins, cathepsin D was shown to be one of the important proteins which are related with glioma invasion. However, further studies are necessary to reveal the exact role and mechanism of cathepsin D in glioma invasion.


Abstract : Measurements of aerodynamic heat transfer were made at a number of stations along a cone-cylinder-flare model having a 15 degrees total-angle conical nose and a 10 degrees half-angle flare skirt. The maximum Mach number was 4.7, and local Reynolds numbers based on body length to a measurement station varied from 2 x 10 to the 6th power to 138 x 10 to the 6th power. Local Stanton numbers measured on the nose cone and flare showed fair agreement with laminar and turbulent theories, while the measurements on the cylinder were generally somewhat lower than theory. Experimental recovery factors, determined twice during the test, were unaccountably lower than theoretical values. Local transition Reynolds numbers, based on length from the nose tip, varied from 3 x 10 to the 6th power to 18 x 10 to the 6th power and were much lower than values previously obtained on the smoother nose of a similar model. At an angle of attack of about 9 degrees, the heat transfer on the flare increased to more than twie the theoretical turbulent value for zero angle of attack. (Author)


The Last Generation is a laser-cut, plywood sculpture (1.2x1.2x0.3m) containing 52 miniature red scrolling LED text modules. It is shaped in the form of a low resolution greyscale computer icon once widely used to represent the 'Save as - to floppy disc" function on greyscale computer monitors. Each text alludes both to that which has been lost through rapid technological progression & the long term ecological damage being created through their rapid transition of technological objects from desirable commodity to waste stream.-----
The scrolling texts are intentionally blurred as a tactic for drawing attention to the constant superceding of prior technological products in favour of those with incrementally higher resolutions (often far in excess of user requirements). The work therefore sought to question the ICT industry's lack of clear policies in terms of avoiding pre-planned obsolescence in their products as well as the toxicity of commonly employed materials – an agenda which at that that time had garnered limited governmental attention. The Last Generation was commissioned for a National touring design/art/craft exhibition in 2007-8 and has future public showings booked for 2009.


This article describes the process of designing an Italian reference book, namely Il prontuario dell'ingegnere. As a reference work it shares the characteristics of any other such book; it also uses a large amount of mathematics and contains a large number of graphics insertions. Moreover, the publisher wanted to distribute the work both as a regular bound book and as a computer file to be read directly on the computer screen.


The influence of diffusible hydrogen concentration(C_0) on the plasticity and hydrogen induced delayed cracking of a bainite railway wheel steel was investigated by means of the slow strain rate test(SSRT) specimens and wedge open loading(WOL) specimens charged in a solution respectively.The results showed that the plasticity loss of the bainite wheel steel was larger than that of the pearlite-ferrite CL60 wheel steel.The threshold stress intensity factor of hydrogen induced delayed cracking K_(IH) of the bainitie wheel steel decreased with the increase of diffusible hydrogen concentration.The K_(IH) of the bainite wheel steel was much lower than that of the CL60 wheel steel when C_0≥1.6×10~(-6),though the fracture toughness KIC of the bainite wheel steel was much higher than that of the CL60 wheel steel.


The effect of hypemapria on turnover rate of cerebral energy metabolites was evaluated in 14 adult rats with the use of a closed system method of Lowry and associates (1964). Moderate and sustained hypercapnia (PaCOa, 61 mm Hg for 20 minutes) was induced by inhalation of &n dioxide gas balanced with nitrous oxide and oxygen. The turnover rate of highcnergy phosphates was reduced from 27 to 9.8 mM per kilogram per minute. The rate of u8e of PCr was doubled (from 2.42 to 4.97 mM per kilogram per minute), while the rate of use of ATP was reduced from 2.30 to 0.92 mM per kilogram per minute. The initial tissue content of glucose and glycogen increMcd and the metabolic rate decreased (from 2.76 to 1.61 mM pcr kilogram per minute for glucose and from 5.40 to 0.10 mM per kilogram per minute for glycogen). The initial tissue content of pyruvate and lactate appeared lower than the control value (from 0.199 to 0.07 mM per kilogram and from 4.330 to 3.51 mM per kilogram, respectively) at two seconds after decapitation, but the production rate of lactate was increased by dtcapitation from -2.02 to 10 mM per kilogram per minute. Acceleration of turnover rate of PCr by moderate hypercapnia is possibly explained by a pHdependent activity of the creatine phosphokinase. Since moderate hypercapnia does not change the tissue concentration of ATP and the energy charge potential (Atkinson, 1968). it is rcBsonable to mume that the decrease in the rate of use of ATP is accompanied by a proportional decrease in the production rate of ATP. Increase id tissue content of glucose and glycogen and decrease in tissue content of pyruvate and lactate during sustained hypercapnia support the hypothesis that tissue acidosis suppresses the rate-limiting enzymatic step@) in the glycolytic pathway.


The justification for the use of stereo motion vectors (SMVs) derived from instruments such as the NASA MISR (Multiangle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer), ESA AATSR (Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer) and future Sentinel-3 SLSTR is given. Examples are shown of cloud-top heights and winds (Stereo Motion Vectors, SMVs) using the M2/3 stereo matching system described by (Muller et al., 2002) and its modification, M4, for AATSR (Muller et al., 2007). Examples are also shown of the application of a modified scheme, M6 for smoke-plume injection height (Fisher et al., 2012) and its validation using CALIPSO. A new algorithm for better discrimination of clouds over snow/ice based on the census algorithm is also described (Fisher and Muller, 2012) along with results applied to wind retrieval over Greenland from overlapping AATSR data. A description of the proposed ESA WINDS mission using the MISRlite instrument concept (Muller et al., 2010) is given along with results on an evaluation of systemic biases using a triple collocation technique. This indicates that current MISR data have similar error characteristics to existing AMVs but superior quality along-track performance. As data assimilation of Doppler Lidar winds is uni-directional, this suggests that only small modifications to the DA schemes developed for Doppler Lidars would be required for ingestion of MISR-like winds to NWP models in the future.


Activation phase was used to produce activated carbon (AC) from sugar cane bagasse (SCB). Whereas, the activation was done by two ways; the first way had crashed granulate AC to fine powder (PAC) and the second was the synthesis process nano-particles from granulate activated carbon (NAC). The surface area of PAC has been estimated by Brunauer–Emmett– Teller (BET) and characterization of NAC by using Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR) and Trasmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The efficient adsorbent effects for each products and natural lime stone were tested by its application on sewage water to improve its physiochemical properties which included (pH, TSS, COD, BOD, TDS, ASR, NO3, PO4, Mg, Ca, Na, Cd, Cu, Fe and Ni) through different soaking period (0, 10, 15 and 20 day). The results cleared that the effects of using individually nano activate carbon was more efficient than PAC and natural lime stone to purified sewage water treatment with 10 days soaking period compared to other soaking periods. Furthermore, NAC exhibited the high efficiency absorbent to remove metal ions (NO3, PO4, Mg, Ca and Na) and heavy metals ion (Cu, Cd, Fe and Ni) and decrement BOD and COD from sewage water. So that, it was selected to test its effects in combination with lime stone on sewage water treatment. Based on the obtained data the corresponding reduction values for all studied traits were higher as compared to applying each of them separately through soaking period 10 days. It can be recommended that the combination of (NAC + limestone) are a very good material in the field of sewage water treatment before recycle it, which can be apply for reducing some pollutants in sewage water after disposable. INTRODUCTION Nowadays disposal of agriculture more tend to environmental friendly solutions by transforming the unwanted waste to valuable materials and thus, improves and upgrades the technology Hu (2018). AC used in diverse shapes such as powder, granular, pellet and activated carbon fiber. These types have its specific application Guo et al. (2003). The production of AC around the world is estimated to be around 100000 ton annually (Ajinomoh Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 35 (12) 2020 171-190


Composite materials provide many advantages over more conventional materials. However, their susceptibility to impact damage can question their use in critical load-bearing structures, and efficient methods are needed for early damage detection. To this purpose, the nonlinear vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) technique applies a low-frequency pump excitation and a high-frequency probe excitation to exploit the onset of harmonic components around the probe frequency of the damaged structural response. The VAM technique has been widely studied on structures instrumented with piezoceramic transducers used for both actuation and sensing, but few attempts have been made to use equipment typical of modal testing, such as shakers and accelerometers. In this study, the VAM technique is applied to a composite laminate beam by employing an electro-dynamic shaker to generate low-frequency flexural excitation, a low-profile piezoceramic transducer to introduce the probe wave, and a micro-accelerometer to sense the structural response. Three resonance low frequencies and two acoustic frequencies are considered in different testing scenarios, at increasing levels of excitation amplitude. The results show a general good performance of the technique with the adopted experimental setup, the choice of the probe frequency and the higher level of the pump excitation having a significant impact on its sensitivity.


This paper presents the design and analysis of an areaefficient programmable processing element (PPE) for implementing diverse cryptographic systems and diverse bitwidths (currently 16, 32, and 64). To evaluate the effectiveness of our design, we implement π-Cipher and BMW on the PPE. π-Cipher is a new algorithm for authenticated encryption that offers advantages over AES-GCM and is a candidate in the CAESAR competition. BMW is a SHA-3 candidate and is used for the QuarkCoin crypto-currency. The design of the programmable processing element PPE requires the use of on-chip memory for storing the internal structure of one round of the π-function as well as for the PPE instruction logic. With the new processing element, on Xilinx Virtex-5, we implemented the PPE in just 227 slices, achieving a throughput of 1.17 Gbps/block for the π-Cipher 64-bit version and 256 Mbps/block for BMW at 250 MHz. The PPE is designed to be modular, for inclusion in larger FPGA designs or SoCs, and is also easily extended to wider bit-widths.


Magnetophoresis is a process of great interest for novel applications based on magnetic nanoparticles and colloids. Environmental applications like wastewater treatments and pollutant removal, biomedical applications like protein isolation, drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment, and magnetic-particle imaging are just a few of the numerous technological areas which exploit the effect of magnetophoresis. In general, there are two main different types of magnetophoresis processes: cooperative magnetophoresis, a fast process enhanced by particle-particle interactions and noncooperative magnetophoresis which is driven by the motion of independent particles in magnetic gradient fields [1]. Using COMSOL Multiphysics® Particle Tracing Module we have created a 3D-model to analyze noncooperative magnetophoretic separation of superparamagnetic dispersions in space and time (Figure 1).


T cells from thoracic duct lymph of donor rats suppress the adoptive secondary response to human serum albumin (HSA). The original aim of the present investigation was to determine whether these non-immune cells have antigen-specific receptors. Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were depleted in vivo of antigen-specific T cells (negatively selected) by acutely injecting non-immune donors with HSA at the time of thoracic duct cannulation. Negatively selected TDL were mixed with memory cells (primed TDL from previously immunized donors) and transferred into irradiated recipients to assess whether the suppressive potential had disappeared. Paradoxically, the addition of negatively selected TDL (which were unresponsive to HSA) augmented the adoptive secondary anti-HSA response. Further study showed that the augmented response was mediated by a very small number of cells (∼ 1 in 5000) laden with antigen that appeared in lymph of non-immune donors following HSA injection. These antigen-bearing cells were highly immunogenic and furthermore could overcome the effects of T suppressor cells in vivo. Once antigen laden cells were removed from lymph (by affinity chromatography), however, negatively selected TDL were found to inhibit the adoptive secondary response suggesting that either suppression in this model is non-specific or that antigen-specific suppressor cells are not selected out of the recirculating pool by antigen.


PET/CT has acquired great achievements both in scientific research and clinics as a multi-model imaging technology.MRI in many ways better than CT,so the research of MRI has became a hot topic in recent years.PET/MRI is a combination of molecular,morphological and functional information.Although PET/MRI has a great potential,the system still has a series of problems.PET/ MRI will has a profound influence to molecular imaging if solve those problems.


In 2019–2021, a study of the species composition and current state of ornamental lawns in two parks, a boulevard and ten public gardens in Stavropol was conducted to evaluate the range of lawns used, their current state and to determine the effectiveness of the management measures taken to improve the quality of lawn coverings. The collected database can be used to make effective economic decisions to optimize the range and increase the ecological and aesthetic value of landscaping objects. The longevity of a lawn depends on the selection of lawn formers adapted to the given soil and climate conditions, capable of producing a high-quality lawn for many years and on proper care. The survey found that lawn grasses of the first and second quality groups were mainly used to create lawn coverings – Poa pratensis L., Festuca rubra L., Lolium perenne L., with Trifolium repens L. subseeds. In most cases, grass mixtures were used to create lawns. Recently, a more drought-resistant species, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, has been used more often as a lawn-forming agent. Most of the surveyed grass stands were rated "satisfactory" and "good" lawn. Stationary irrigation systems have been installed in a number of new landscaping facilities; rolled lawns have been used more often. Among the factors of negative impact on non-irrigated lawns are long dry periods, which led to the burning of lawn grass up to II–IV points, in 2018 – more than 50 days, in 2019 – more than 40 days, in 2020 – more than 60 days. At the same time, they lost their decorative, environmental and sanitary functions. Another negative environmental factor was the shading of lawns by tree crowns, which leads to thinning of the herbage, loss of decorative effect and the formation of dead covers. Additional shading of the lawn grasses was provided by leaf litter which was not removed in time. Almost all lawns had weed species that increased in number with age (clogging 1–3 points, abundance r-3). As a rule, mowing lawns did not destroy perennial weeds, the renewal zones of which were below the cut-off level of the lawn mower. No insect and disease damage to plants was detected. Negative anthropogenic disturbances on the surveyed landscaping objects are trampling, laying trails, dog walking. Lawns are regularly seeded and repaired.


Consumers are increasingly mindful of corporate social responsibility (CSR) when making purchase and consumption decisions, but evidence of the impact of CSR initiatives on actual purchase decisions is lacking. This article introduces a novel brand accountability–based framework of consumer response to CSR initiatives, which categorizes CSR efforts as "corrective," "compensating," or "cultivating goodwill." Leveraging a database of CSR press releases by leading consumer packaged goods brands, the authors examine the effect of the different types of CSR announcements on brand sales. The findings suggest that CSR initiatives that genuinely aim to reduce a brand's negative externalities ("corrective" and "compensating") lift sales, whereas CSR actions focused on philanthropy ("cultivating goodwill") can hurt sales. The authors propose two moderators—CSR reputation and CSR focus on environmental or social causes—and a mechanism for these effects, which they examine under controlled experimental settings. The experimental results show that, conditional on CSR reputation, consumers perceive varying degrees of sincerity in the different CSR types and that sincerity mediates the effect of CSR type on purchase intentions. Overall, the results suggest that consumers are more inclined to reward firms that directly reduce the negative by-products of their own business practices than to be impressed by public goodwill gestures.


[Objective] The aim was to screen the environment friendly pesticide with good control effects of Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae.[Method] The field trials of alkaloid SL of 5% Sophora alopecuroides against M.persicae and B.brassicae were carried out.[Result] The 5% alkaloid SL of Sophora alopecuroides provided good control efficacy on M.persicae and B.brassicae at the doses of 1 200~1 500 ml/hm 2.[Conclusion] 5% alkaloid SL of Sophora alopecuroides was the excellent pesticide for controlling M.persicae and B.brassicae,and it could be used in application and dissemination of vegetabble production.


Summary

Alteration of flow and thermal regimes is a key consequence of human use of river and floodplain ecosystems, and these impacts result from a range of interacting ecological mechanisms. Environmental flow regimes are a management strategy to restore or maintain ecologically important aspects of river hydrology. However, inadequate understanding of the processes that determine the effects of flow on population dynamics of biota hinders the maximum benefits of environmental flows.
Spawning and recruitment of riverine fish is mediated by temperature, access to nursery habitat and the timing and availability of resources. Differences in population sizes between regulated and unregulated rivers are often attributed to the effect of flow and thermal regime change on population dynamics.
Dams and extraction of water have altered the flow and thermal regimes of rivers in the northern Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. Combining three studies, we (i) examined differences in the recruitment of fish and patterns of potential prey availability between a regulated and unregulated river, (ii) studied the relationships between patterns of flow and temperature on spawning of fish in two rivers with contrasting regulated flow regimes and (iii) experimentally tested the effects of environmental flow releases in a regulated river on fish spawning and recruitment by comparing patterns over time against two unregulated rivers.
Comparisons between regulated and unregulated rivers indicated that the significantly lower recruitment of Macquaria ambigua in the regulated river was linked with large differences in available prey. Species-specific differences in the abundance of fish larvae between two regulated rivers indicated that different reproductive strategies determine population-level responses to flow regulation. Finally, the experimental flow releases in a regulated reach during late spring did not result in a change in spawning and recruitment of fish, although influences of antecedent flow and temperature on larval and juvenile assemblage composition were significant.
These findings indicate that the responses of fish spawning and recruitment to flow regime change and restoration are dependent on the conditions that determine the success of these critical life-history processes. Specifically, key effects of flow regulation are reduced summer water temperatures due to hypolimnetic discharge from dams, and the reduced frequency and duration of low flows. Reduced water temperatures limit opportunities for fish to spawn, and sustained base flows were associated with lower densities of potential prey sources in conjunction with potential flushing of larvae and juveniles, thereby influencing recruitment.
The benefits of environmental flow programmes can be enhanced if flow regimes are modified to ensure that abiotic and biotic conditions that support persistence of biota are provided. In conjunction with flow pulses and floods, low flows are a natural and ecologically important component of flow regimes, particularly in dryland rivers. Understanding the interactive and mechanistic effects of flow and thermal regimes on population viability and patterns of biodiversity is critical to maximising the value of environmental flows.


One of the most exciting developments in science in the next few years may be the observation of gravitational waves from sources such as supernovae, coalescing neutron stars or black holes, pulsars, or even the big bang (see Ref. 1 for a review). There are several current proposals for the construction of gravitational-wave observatories" that use laser interferometry to detect the changing curvature of space-time induced by the passage of a gravitational wave. Laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors work by sensing the differential phase shift imposed on the light in the two orthogonal arms of a Michelson interferometer by a gravitational wave. This phase shift is converted into an observable intensity change by interference, the smallest detectable signal being limited by photon-counting statistics. The signal is greatest if the time the light spends in the arms of the interferometer is equal to half a gravitational-wave period. For this reason, most detector designs employ multiple bounces of the light in each arm, using either resonant cavities or optical delay lines to achieve this. Practical constraints on mirror size mean that simple delay-line interferometers cannot achieve long enough light storage times to be optimized for low gravitational-wave frequencies ( < 500 Hz). However, if dual recycling is incorporated into such a detector, the signal sidebands may be stored for sufficiently long times to allow optimum photon-noiselimited sensitivity to be achieved at arbitrary low frequency. Furthermore, dual recycling is both a flexible and an efficient method for enhancing the sensitivity of either type of interferometer within a restricted bandwidth. Dual recycling will therefore allow better performance from laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors when searching for continuous radiation from pulsars, for a stochastic background from cosmic strings or the early stages of the big bang, or even for the chirp of gravitational radiation emitted by coalescing compact binaries. In view of these potential benefits, it is important that the operation of an interferometer using dual recycling be demonstrated. The optical system for dual recycling is shown in simplified form in Fig. 1. In addition to the interferometer mirrors (M\,M{) and beam splitter, the "powerrecycling" (Mo) and "signal-recycling" (M3) mirrors are shown. Power recycling makes the whole system into a cavity in which the input laser light is resonant, allowing it to be coupled in efficiently. The interferometer is operated with its output maintained at an interference minimum and the power-recycling mirror is chosen to have a transmission equal to the losses in the interferometer to maximize the light amplitude in the arms and hence the potential signal-to-noise ratio for gravitational waves. Dual recycling requires the placement of the (partially transmitting) signal-recycling mirror at the output from the interferometer to form the "signal-recycling cavity" (see Fig. 1). In a perfect interferometer the only light emerging from the output would be the sidebands produced by differential phase shifts in the arms. These sidebands are reflected by M3 and can then resonate within the signal-recycling cavity. The round-trip phase shift of the sidebands within this cavity depends on the position of Af 3. If one or more sidebands are made resonant within the signal-recycling cavity, their amplitude emerging through M 3 is increased. Note the rather counterintuitive nature of this system: The signal is enhanced by placing a mirror in front of the photodetector. This is all the more motivation for an experimental demonstration. Dual recycling has two modes of operation: the


likeness in color to its background the bryozoan escapes detection when extended from its capsule. From the structure of the sponge it is evident that it is not located upon the bryozoan until the latter has attained a considerable growth. Although a considerable number of new species are described in this report, we find an occasional reduction of an old species to a synonym as a result of the examination of this fauna through several seasons, and a few incidental references to the variability of characters relied upon for specific distinctions. CHARLES A. KOFOID.


Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to draw together the salient issues surrounding customer loyalty and customer relationship management (CRM) into a single coherent discussion. Various schools of academic thought are examined. The paper concludes with practical implications for managers.Design/methodology/approach – The literature surrounding customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, effective CRM and managing loyalty in a profitable manner are all reviewed. The paper allows managers to consider a wide range of material in the context of their business.Findings – The need for businesses to retain customers is an important issue in today's global marketplace. To retain customers, a business must forge loyal and long‐term relationships with profitable customers. Reasons why customers leave a company are discussed, and preventative strategies are considered. Loyalty schemes are considered and their relative merits examined.Practical implications – A key implication of this paper is the need to focus atten...


A seismic event of magnitude Mw=6,0 struck the broader area of Athens on September 7, 1999, causing considerable damages to building and loss of many human lifes. The present study focus on the assessment of different co-seismic interferometric images in terms of magnitude and pattern of deformation recorded, in relation to parameters that could limit the accuracy of the results, such as the baseline, the temporal and spatial decorrelation and the altitude of ambiguity. A total number of six interferograms were produced covering different time span periods. It was noticed that the measurement of deformation as well as its pattern are highly depended on the interferometric pair chosen for the analysis and especially on temporal and spatial decorrelation. Thus the production of multiple co-seismic interferograms in order to constrain any possible misinterpretation is of great importance.


The human eye usually experiences a loss of color sensitivity when it is subjected to high levels of luminance, and perceives a discrepancy in color between high and normal-luminance displays, generally known as a hue shift. Accordingly, this paper models the hue-shift phenomenon and proposes a hue-correction method to provide perceptual matching between high and normal-luminance displays. The value of hue-shift is determined by perceived hue matching experiments. At first the phenomenon is observed at three lightness levels, that is, the ratio of luminance is the same between high and normal-luminance display when the perceived hue matching experiments we performed. To quantify the hue-shift phenomenon for the whole hue angle, color patches with the same lightness are first created and equally spaced inside the hue angle. These patches are then displayed one-by-one on both displays with the ratio of luminance between two displays. Next, the hue value for each patch appearing on the high-luminance display is adjusted by observers until the perceived hue for the patches on both displays appears the same visually. After obtaining the hue-shift values, these values are fit piecewise to allow shifted-hue amounts to be approximately determined for arbitrary hue values of pixels in a high-luminance display and then used for correction. Essentially, input RGB values of an image is converted to CIELAB values, and then, LCh (lightness, chroma, and hue) values are calculated to obtain the hue values for all the pixels. These hue values are shifted according to the amount calculated by the functions of the hue-shift model. Finally, the corrected CIELAB values are calculated from corrected hue values, after that, output RGB values for all pixels are estimated. For evaluation, an observer's preference test was performed with hue-shift results and Almost observers conclude that the images from hue-shift model were visually matched with images on normal luminance display.


billion trees that will be worth $26o,ooo,ooo in commerical timber 25 years from now if we maintain fire protection. Soil-erosion control has been effected for 25,000,000 acres of land, with more than 5,000,ooo dams to check the rush of water and mud. The value of National, State, and local parks and forests has been immeasurably enhanced. Lodges, bridges, cabins, and dams involving sturdy, difficult construction work have become notable additions to public vacation lands, and have provided first-class experience in the basic elements of carpentry, stone masonry, concrete work, and many other occupations so essential now to national defense. The committee recommends a substantial reduction in general public assistance in the form of work relief. Unfortunately, the present high levels of employment and production have given the erroneous impression that Federal work relief is now unnecessary. The complete facts tell an entirely different story. According to best available estimates, unemployment in October (1941) approximated 4,000,000 persons. Only I out of 4 was on the Work Projects Administration program, and at least twice as many were eligible on the basis of present standards. Because of technological advance and a steady growth of the labor market, the number of unemployed now is vastly in excess of that in comparable periods of high production. Although depending upon which of several widely different estimates are used, it appears likely that the present level of unemployment is at least three or four times as great as 1929. To me, the conclusion is inescapable that almost the full impact of the recommendations of the majority of the committee would, if enacted, fall almost entirely on the very lowest income groups among our population. This action would be unwise in time of peace; confronted with total war which may be of long duration, I regard it as a grave error in policy. High morale-in fact, the very essence of dynamic democracy-is dependent upon a whole nation enjoying at least a minimum of the necessaries and comforts of life. All the social legislation of the past decades, all of the trends toward greater public assistance for the underprivileged have had the wholesome effect of tending to make democracy a reality in America. To the extent that the programs have been successful they have given hope to millions that some day equality of opportunity may be achieved. To cripple or destroy the efforts which have thus far been made in this direction will have an adverse effect upon morale at the very time when we should be redoubling our efforts to build it up. To accept the report of the majority of the committee will shake the confidence of millions of people that the sacrifices of war are to be equitably apportioned among all sections of the population. The recommendations to economize at the expense of low-income families and the unemployed are made in the face of widespread continuing need in large sections of our Nation.


Face detection is applied to many tasks such as auto focus control, surveillance, user interface, and face recognition. Processing speed and detection accuracy of the face detection have been improved continuously. This paper describes a novel method of fast face detection with multi-scale window search free from image resizing. We adopt statistics of gradient images (SGI) as image features and append an overlapping cell array to improve detection accuracy. The SGI feature is scale invariant and insensitive to small difference of pixel value. These characteristics enable the multi-scale window search without image resizing. Experimental results show that processing speed of our method is 3.66 times faster than a conventional method, adopting HOG features combined to an SVM classifier, without accuracy degradation.


The invention relates to a method for producing a cloth comprising a paper side and a diametrically opposed machine side, wherein the cloth is suitable for use in a machine processing and/or producing a fiber material web and comprises at least one polymer film and wherein the method comprises the following steps: a. provision of at least one polymer film comprising a length and width spanning a surface and a thickness extending perpendicularly thereto, b. punching multiple holes out of a section of the surface of at least one of the at least one polymer films in such a way that each of the holes penetrates the thickness of the polymer film and the holes in the surface of the polymer film are arranged adjacent to one another, and c. processing the at least one polymer film, if necessary using additional polymer films, in such a way that the polymer film is arranged in the clothing in such a way that the surface spanned by the length and width of the polymer film extends parallel to the paper- and machine sides of the cloth.


distribution of the response variable are expressed as non-linear functions of the covariates. The non-linear quantile regression method would be used in a real field data related to production history in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Analysis of declining production rates and forecasting future performance of oil and gas wells is called decline curve analysis in petroleum engineering literature. Decline curve analysis is a basic tool for estimating recoverable reserves which can be used when the production history is long enough that a decline trend can be identified. Decline curve analysis is mainly a nonlinear regression model where certain types of standard curves are fit based on the past production performance and is then extrapolated to predict the future well performance. Arps (1945)[8] provided some theoretical justification based on physics about those standard types of curves, viz. hyperbolic, harmonic and exponential. The conventional way of decline curve analysis in the petroleum engineering community is to fit a mean regression model using least square method on the transformed production data. The fitted curve is defined as the P50 curve which is extrapolated for future prediction and reported to security exchange commission (SEC) for the reserves estimates. Surprisingly the definition of the P50 estimate in the SEC handbook is actually the 50-th percentile, not the predicted mean. When using the least square estimate what is being reported is the predicted mean of the curve, not the 50-th percentile or P50. Similarly, the prediction interval is used to report the P10 and P90 (the 10th percentile and the 90th percentile respectively) reserves. The use of quantile regression instead of the conventional mean regression would be appropriate in this context as the fitted quantile regression curves would have the correct interpretation for the predicted reserves. Here we could consider the hyperbolic curve as the non-linear quantile regression function when the exponential and the harmonic curve can be viewed as a special case of the hyperbolic curve. The information from the neighboring well production history and similar type of reservoirs would be incorporated as priors for the three decline parameters in the hy-


Under the severe situation of COVID-19, millions of people start to appear stratified overdriven symptoms, including physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. In 2022, China implemented a social distracting policy that increased several people who stay at home to suffer from anxious and depressed emotional, as well as insomnia. To some degree, it is an imperious demand for people to seek an automatic adjustment method to regulate emo-tion. This paper is conducted to explore the impromptu intervention of Chinese classical dance on the emotional distress caused by social isolation, such as loneliness, anxiety, and insomnia, using the aspect of Laban Movement Analysis to increase the efficiency of emotional elasticity. The researcher in this paper analyzes the characteristics of Chinese classical dance through the aspects of Laban Movement Analysis, and conducts a 5-person experiment group, coaching them to dance improvised Chinese Classical Dance and com-paring their interview about their emotions before and after the research. Impromptu Chinese Classical Dance cannot only intervene and regulate emotions through its specific movement characteristics, but it can also enhance people's emotional resilience through a rich library of movements. by Classical


Despite the remarkable advances attained by the SMT community in the last decade, solving complex formulas still represents the main bottleneck to the scalability of program analysis techniques. Recent research work has shown that formulas generated during program analysis recur, and such redundancy can be captured and exploited by means of caching frameworks to avoid repeating complex queries to solvers. Although current approaches show that reusing formulas syntactically can indeed reduce the impact of SMT solvers on program analysis, they still suffer from being logic-dependent, and performing poorly on huge sets of heterogenous formulas. The core idea of our approach is to go beyond merely syntactical caching frameworks by designing a caching framework that is able to reuse proofs instead of formulas. In fact, even formulas that are syntactically different can share solutions. We aim to study the recurrence of proofs across heterogeneous formulas, and to define a technique to efficiently retrieve such proofs. We plan to exploit a suitable distance function that measures the amount of proofs shared by two formulas to allow the efficient retrieval of candidate proofs within a potentially large space of proofs. In this paper, we present the problem, draft the core idea, discuss the early results and present our research plans.


The dynamic epistemic logic for actual knowledge models the phenomenon of actual knowledge change when new information is received. In contrast to the systems of dynamic epistemic logic which have been discussed in the past literature, our system is not burdened with the problem of logical omniscience, that is, an idealized assumption that the agent explicitly knows all classical tautologies and all logical consequences of his or her knowledge. We provide a sound and complete axiomatization for this logic.


The intermediate N(CH3)2-BH2 aggregates either to dimers or trimers. Herein, the stability of the adducts is investigated experimentally and computationally, and the monoclinic crystal structure of [N(CH3)2-BH2]2 is provided.


Organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes are extensively studied worldwide as they have proven to exhibit promising anticancer, antimicrobial and larvicidal properties. In this study, three new organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes have been successfully synthesized via in situ reaction between the appropriate secondary amines with carbon disulphide and organotin(IV) salts, in a basic solution at temperature below 4 °C. The complexes were characterized by CHNS elemental analysis, FTIR and 1 H, 13 C and 119 Sn NMR. All complexes displayed the important NCS 2 peak from 200.02-201.35 ppm in 13 C NMR, signifying the presence of the dithiocarbamate ligand. The complexes also produced the essential IR bands, ν (C-N), ν (C-S) and ν (Sn-C) in the ranges 1489 to 1479 cm –1 , 986.2 to 971.2 cm –1 and 568.2 to 550.8 cm –1 , respectively. From the 119 Sn NMR, both the ligands were suggested to coordinate to the tin atom in a bidentate manner in all three complexes.


A Bayesian adaptive design is proposed for a comparative two-armed clinical trial using decision-theoretic approaches. A loss function is specified, based on the cost for each patient and the costs of making incorrect decisions at the end of a trial. At each interim analysis, the decision to terminate or to continue the trial is based on the expected loss function while concurrently incorporating efficacy, futility and cost. The maximum number of interim analyses is determined adaptively by the observed data. We derive explicit connections between the loss function and the frequentist error rates, so that the desired frequentist properties can be maintained for regulatory settings. The operating characteristics of the design can be evaluated on frequentist grounds. Extensive simulations are carried out to compare the proposed design with existing ones. The design is general enough to accommodate both continuous and discrete types of data. We illustrate the methods with an animal study evaluating a medical treatment for cardiac arrest. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.


Many web applications demand a measure of similarity between two entities, such as collaborative filtering, web document ranking, linkage prediction, and anomaly detection. P-Rank (Penetrating-Rank) has been accepted as a promising graph-based similarity measure, as it provides a comprehensive way of encoding both incoming and outgoing links into assessment. However, the existing method to compute P-Rank is iterative in nature and rather cost-inhibitive. Moreover, the accuracy estimate and stability issues for P-Rank computation have not been addressed. In this article, we consider the optimization techniques for P-Rank search that encompasses its accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency. (1) The accuracy estimation is provided for P-Rank iterations, with the aim to find out the number of iterations, k, required to guarantee a desired accuracy. (2) A rigorous bound on the condition number of P-Rank is obtained for stability analysis. Based on this bound, it can be shown that P-Rank is stable and well-conditioned when the damping factors are chosen to be suitably small. (3) Two matrix-based algorithms, applicable to digraphs and undirected graphs, are, respectively, devised for efficient P-Rank computation, which improves the computational time from O(kn3) to O(υ n2+υ6) for digraphs, and to O(υn2) for undirected graphs, where n is the number of vertices in the graph, and υ (≪ n) is the target rank of the graph. Moreover, our proposed algorithms can significantly reduce the memory space of P-Rank computations from O(n2) to O(υn+υ4) for digraphs, and to O(υ n) for undirected graphs, respectively. Finally, extensive experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed techniques for P-Rank similarity assessment on various networks.


The Essential Guide to Werewolf Literature Brian J. Frost. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003. Brian J. Frost's book provides a comprehensive overview of werewolf fiction and nonfiction, from ancient Roman writers such as Virgil and Ovid through what Frost calls "the boom years" of the 1990s. The breadth of Frost's coverage is impressive, making this book an essential reference guide for those interested in the literary pedigree of the werewolf. Although the term "werewolf" itself is Anglo-Saxon in origin, Frost notes that stories of human beings who transform themselves into wolves (or other kinds of animals) are common in world mythology, folklore, and literature. The task Frost then establishes for himself is a formidable one: to catalogue most (if not all) of the known appearances of the werewolf in Western literature. He does so in workmanlike fashion, annotating the references as he sees fit. The end result is a book that is somewhat inconsistent in the amount of detail given in the story synopses, and the depth of its commentary on the literary significance of the werewolf. However, the book cannot be faulted for its exhaustive listings and lengthy concluding bibliography. The bibliography alone makes this volume indispensable for scholars with an interest in the subject. Chapter one, "The Werewolf Phenomenon," situates the werewolf legends of England, France, Spain, Greece, Sweden, and other northern European countries within the larger mythological tradition of hybrid monsters. Based on such legends, Frost profiles the physical appearance of the werewolf, the duration of the transformation, and the methods (either voluntarily or involuntarily) by which one becomes a werewolf. Frost then makes a crucial distinction between the terms "lycanthrope" and "werewolf," the former referring to a person who believes that he or she is a wolf, and the latter referring to an actual shapeshifter. Frost points out that occult belief in werewolves as literal shape-shifters or psychic projections of inner savagery continued through the nineteenth century and into the twentieth. Frost also summarizes the Freudian and Jungian psychological explanations of the werewolf as symbolic manifestation of unspeakable internal desires. Chapter two is entitled "A Survey of Reference Works." Frost observes that most reference works on the subject address the ontology of the werewolf tradition and/or the literal existence of werewolves; until recently, few works have catalogued the werewolf in fiction. The works cited in this chapter approach the werewolf legend from a variety of perspectives, including occult, theological, anthropological, and psychoanalytic. Frost identifies the most important studies as originating in the sixteenth century. Within the larger context of a belief in witchcraft and demonology, these works tend to conclude that so-called werewolves are mentally ill people under the satanic delusion that they have been transformed into beasts. Not until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, however, did several noted reference works bring the werewolf to popular attention. Some of the more recognizable twentieth-century authors (and a host of more obscure ones) cited by Frost include Montague Summers, Ernest Jones, and Robert Eisler. Toward the end of the chapter, while noting the contribution of writers such as Basil Copper and Stephen King, Frost states the purpose of his own work: to fill a void in the cataloguing and literary criticism of fictional werewolf tales. In chapter three, "The Werewolf Enters Fiction," Frost embarks upon this primary mission. He points out the earliest known literary occurrences of the werewolf theme in works by Virgil, Petronius, and Marie de France. After the end of the medieval period, Frost says, the werewolf rarely appears in fiction again until the nineteenth century. Frost displays his impressive knowledge by pointing out such disparate moments as the first novel to have a werewolf as a central character (George W. …


Negative-ion resonance structures, cusps, and possibly broad shape resonances were observed in the electron impact excitation of the 4s4p {sup 1}P{sub 1} and 4s4p {sup 3}P{sub 0,1,2} states of zinc near the thresholds of the lowest autoionizing states. Angle differential scattered electron excitation functions show strong contributions from the decay of negative-ion resonances built on a 3d excited ion core with final state spin-dependent decay. Most resonances have a 3d{sup 9}ns{sup 2}4p{sup 2} electron configuration, and they appear in one or both of the {sup 1}P{sub 1} and {sup 3}P{sub 0,1,2} states but with different branching ratios and angular behaviors.


Faults on microcontinents record the dynamic evolution of plate boundaries. However, most microcontinents are submarine and difficult to study. Here, we show that the southern part of the Isla Ángel de la Guarda (IAG) microcontinent, in the northern Gulf of California rift, is densely faulted by a late Quaternary‐active normal fault zone. To characterize the onshore kinematics of this Almeja fault zone, we integrated remote fault mapping using high‐resolution satellite‐ and drone‐based topography with neotectonic field‐mapping. We produced 13 luminescence ages from sediment deposits offset or impounded by faults to constrain the timing of fault offsets. We found that north‐striking normal faults in the Almeja fault zone continue offshore to the south and likely into the nascent North Salsipuedes basin southwest of IAG. Late Pleistocene and Holocene luminescence ages indicate that the most recent onshore fault activity occurred in the last ∼50 kyr. These observations suggest that the North Salsipuedes basin is kinematically linked with and continues onshore as the active Almeja fault zone. We suggest that fragmentation of the evolving IAG microcontinent may not yet be complete and that the Pacific‐North America plate boundary is either not fully localized onto the Ballenas transform fault and Lower Delfin pull‐apart basin or is in the initial stage of a plate boundary reorganization.


Diagnosing the layered cryogenic DT implosions with traditional absorption based x-ray backlight radiography in inertial confinement fusion is a challenge because of the low opacity of the cold fuel. Refraction enhanced x-ray phase-contrast imaging was proposed for diagnosing optically opaque material. In this paper, A Monte Carlo tool based on Geant4 is employed to model the x-ray phase-contrast imaging for diagnosing cold fuel layer in cryogenic implosions. This model can successfully explain the x-ray phase-contrast imaging experimental results on a micro focus x-ray tube with triple-layer ablator capsules. Furthermore, the radiographs of ignition-scale capsule target is calculated. The fuel layer of DT ice can be observed with the phase contrast imaging and the image is faded using absorption imaging only. Our simulations show that the shape of cold fuel and implosion velocity can be inferred directly with the phase contrast imaging in inertial confinement fusion(ICF).


To explain and engineer intrinsic point defect behavior in large-diameter single crystal Si grown using the Czochralski (CZ) method, a unified model valid for all pulling processes, crystal resistivities, and electrically inactive impurity concentrations that couples the effects of thermal stress, dopants, and interstitial oxygen (Oi) atoms is needed. We determined the thermal equilibrium concentration of intrinsic point defects (vacancy V and self-interstitial Si I) in CZ-Si crystal as functions of thermal stresses, type and concentration of dopant, and the concentration of Oi atoms. Global heat transfer during crystal growth in a puller was simulated using STR Group's CGSim software package. A visual distribution of V and I concentrations inside a growing doped and thermally stressed Si ingot is very useful for improving the quality of large-diameter CZ-Si crystals.


In an effort to obtain an insider's view of the politics, work, and daily life in the Soviet economy, more than 2,790 of the 37,000 emigrants who arrived in the United States between 1979 and 1982 were asked hundreds of questions about their experiences during the five-year period prior to their decision to leave the country. This was done under the auspices of the Soviet Interview Project [Millar 1987]. Of interest here is the response pattern to the question: Do Soviet women have more, fewer, or the same opportunities as men to hold responsible posts in economic and political life? Nearly 60 percent of the men and 50 percent of the women reported that Soviet women had fewer opportunities than men to hold responsible positions in the economic bureaucracy; nearly 40 percent of the men and 50 percent of the women selected same opportunities. This same question2 was asked of 845 respondents in a survey conducted in Taganrog, Russia, in 1992, after perestroika but before the full impact of the newly initiated reform program was evident. More than 63 percent of the men and 74 percent of the women responded that Russian women had fewer opportunities than men in the labor market. The conclusion that conditions deteriorated for women during perestroika, or perhaps with the initiation of the transition to a market economy, is further supported by official statistics that show women to have accounted for more than 72 percent of the unemployed in Russia in 1992 [Trudoystroistvo 1993]. Using official sources alone, however, it is not possible to explain why women were at risk in the Russian economy in 1992. Nor


He is a sociologist graduated from the Universidad Complutense, Madrid. He is currently Director of Cooperation with Latin America and the Caribbean, of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion para el Desarrollo - AECID). In the past, he was Coordinator of Spanish Cooperation with Chile at AECID (1998-2001), and Deputy Director for Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean (2002-2005). As a diplomat he was posted in Guatemala, Italy, Chile and the USA.


Development of an integrated logistics system, efectively and efficiently can be applied by using the concept of Supply Chain Management. The importance of the concept in this research is to understand how the chili commodity supply as the production centers in some areas in North Sulawesi Province can fill the needs of markets in Manado every day, especially at Pinasungkulan traditional market. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the chain pattern and redesign the chain of chili commodity in downstream logistics area to be more effective and efficient. This research is qualitative. The data obtained were analyzed using measures that are often called Triangulation, namely: reduction, presentation and verification, which is then processed using the calculating method of chili marketing margin and designing the supply chain. Chili distribution process is supplied from Molibagu village to Pinasungkulan traditional market in Manado, is an integral chain that need to be reviewed again, because in each stage there are imbalances in time, cost and treatment of chili. Therefore, every chain participants have to understand the concept of supply chain network in order chili for end cunsumers in better conditions and profitable.


pears to be somewhat superficial, and in some respects the author relies rather heavily on the conclusions of the research of others. The reader may not be fully convinced that certain matters, such as the positions taken by the policy-influencing elites, have been examined in sufficient depth to warrant the generalizations reached. Second, one wonders whether additional German foreign and internal policy objectives were adequately surveyed, such as achieving the termination of the occupation of West Germany and the joining of the family of nations as a trustworthy participant in world affairs, the establishment and maintenance of internal socio-political stability and the founding of a democratic system, the achievement of international power and prestige, and the like. By and large, these have been consummated, and in all probability this would have been impossible if the Federal Government had been ardently pursuing reunification in the context of the East-West Cold War. Finally, the methodology employed tends to induce a polemical treatment, so that the reader is guided along a path of apparently predetermined logic, which the author seems to feel obliged to defend. For a fuller understanding of the reunification problem, therefore, the reader will find it to his advantage to consider this volume in juxtaposition with other studies on the question, particularly Gerald Freund's Germany Between Two Worlds (1961), Grant S. McClellan's The Two Germanies (1959), Hilmar W. Schlueter's Die Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands (1961), Heinrich Siegler's Dokumenlalion zur Deutschlandfrage . . . (1959), and especially James H. Wolfe's Indivisible Germany: Illusion or Reality? (1963).—


Abstract : The distribution of ionospheric plasma in the F layer is intimately related to the electrodynamics of the region. In order to understand many of the morphological features of the plasma, it is necessary to study both the composition and the motion of the plasma both parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. At low and middle latitudes we examine various contributions to the electric field, producing plasma motions perpendicular to the magnetic field, and assess their relative importance as functions of latitude and magnetic activity. Understanding the distribution of ion species in the topside equatorial ionosphere also requires consideration of these ion drifts. At higher latitudes, where electric field sources from the inner and outer magnetosphere must be considered, the perpendicular ion drifts can be very large and result in frictional heating of the plasma. This heating produces large scale motion along the magnetic field line that is an inherent part of the plasma circulation in the region. Finally, studies here show that small scale structures in the plasma concentration and electric field at high latitudes are also important in assessing the energy budget and often dominates the electrodynamics of the region.


The progress in the development of a new computational tool called Loci-STREAM is presented in this paper. Loci-STREAM is a pressure-based, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver for generalized unstructured grids, which is designed to handle all-speed flows (incompressible to hypersonic) and is particularly suitable for solving multi-species flow in fixed-frame combustion devices. Loci-STREAM integrates proven numerical methods for generalized grids and state-of-the-art physical models in a novel rule-based programming framework called Loci which allows: (a) seamless integration of multidisciplinary physics in a unified manner, and (b) automatic handling of massively parallel computing. The objective of the ongoing work is to develop a robust a robust simulation capability for combustion problems in rocket engines. As an initial step towards validating this capability, a model problem is investigated in the present study which involves a gaseous oxygen/gaseous hydrogen (GO2/GH2) shear coaxial single element injector.


This manuscript has been withdrawn by the corresponding author, as it was submitted and made public in bioRxiv without knowledge and the full consent of all the authors listed. The co-authors are therefore not responsible for the contents of this manuscript. For this reason, the submitting author has chosen to withdraw this preprint as a precautionary measure and would like to state that this work should not be cited as a reference. For any related questions that may arise, please contact the corresponding author.


PREDICTING DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLE By Sarah W. Clark, B.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Director: James P. McCullough, Jr., Ph.D. Department of Psychology This study examined parenting style variables in predicting college students' depression symptoms. Participants were 989 college students who participated in the first wave of the Spit for Science project (Dick et al., 2011). This study described the prevalence of depression symptoms, including the percentage of the sample endorsing various depression symptoms, and the frequency depression scores were elevated at multiple time points. A hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine whether two dimensions of parenting style, Autonomy Granting and Parental Involvement, would interact in predicting depression symptoms in the Junior year. The present study demonstrates that parenting style predicts a small but significant amount of variance in depression symptoms, after controlling for demographic characteristics, and these variables interact in producing their effect. Overall, findings suggest that depression symptoms are common and parenting style is relevant in understanding such symptoms.


Combining the concepts of fuzzy theory,this paper extends the ELECTRE method for fuzzy multiattribute group decision making(FMAGDM),which is an important part of decision support system.In this paper,the weights of all attributes described by linguistic terms are expressed in triangular fuzzy numbers,and the attribute values are triangular fuzzy numbers.By using the method,the most preferable alternative can be determined among all possible alternatives.Furthermore,this paper uses a numerical example to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.The results show that this method is an effective means for tackling FMAGDM problems.


To overcome the shortcomings of traditional handwriting exercise to Chinese character,the handset system for handwriting exercise to Chinese character is developed based on the scheme of electronic technology.The system consists of crystal touch integrated screen,electronic circuit board,control program,shell with pen mechanism and pen for handwritings.The multiple man machine interfaces controlled by touch panel are realized by crystal touch integrated screen and C51 language.Rectifying technique of contrast degree to LCD is completed on line by genetic algorithm.The configuration of system state is completed using variable back light,starting system by touch mode,rectifying touch panel on line.Handwriting data is treated by digital filer.Evolution of hardwiring performance are made,by applying wavelet transformation.The realized physical prototype shows that the total scheme is feasible,the method of design is correct and the functions of handwriting exercises to Chinese character are completed.


In this paper, the fuzz testing optimization technology for power Internet of Things protocol is studied to improve the accuracy of vulnerability detection for power Internet of Things protocol. The automatic message generation technology of electric Internet of Things protocol based on symbol execution is proposed to solve the adaptation problem and path explosion problem of network protocol symbol execution. By adopting different search strategies and solving optimization to generate the initial seed of protocol message efficiently and with high quality, the preparation cost of fuzz testing is greatly reduced. A fuzz testing technique based on multi-party cooperation is proposed to analyze the execution flow of program blocks caused by message exchange between multiple programs. By designing a new coverage model considering program interaction, the collaborative interaction between different participants of the protocol is combined into coverage calculation, which reflects the overall execution process of complex protocol. We focus on the fuzz testing optimization technology for electric Internet of Things protocol. A fuzz testing optimization technique based on protocol state is proposed to monitor the changes of key state variables in protocol implementation. A new seed scheduling and change algorithm is designed for state change sequence, and a multi-party coordination scenario is combined to guide protocol fuzz testing. A fuzz testing optimization technique based on seed grouping is proposed. In view of the large differences in the seeds of power Internet of Things protocol messages, an efficient seed and execution path similarity calculation method, seed grouping method and a variety of fuzz testing optimization algorithms based on grouping are proposed to group seeds online. At the same time, the fuzz testing is optimized according to the characteristics of each class.


This study aims to determine the quality of the process, the quality of results and the improvement of learning to write fables using picture and picture learning model. The problem of the research arose when the researcher interviewed Indonesian teachers in class VII-A of the GLOBAL PRIMA NATIONAL PLUS SCHOOL Middle School that the student's learning outcomes were still low 75 and still not reached the minimum completeness criteria. To answer the problems of the research, researchers conducted research using picture and picture learning models in improving student writing learning. The researcher used an action classroom research approach and used data collection methods by means of observation and tests. The research instrument consists of guidelines for observing observations for both students and researchers and guidelines for evaluating student work in writing fable stories. The research subjects (respondents) were the GLOBAL PRIMA NATIONAL PLUS SCHOOL. The data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis techniques and quantitative descriptive analysis. Based on the methodology of the research, result of the research were obtaineda) Cycle I (one) with classical completeness quality process 74.07%, quality of result 59.25% and the quality of researchers using 45% learning models, b) Cycle II (two) with quality process classical completeness 88.88%, quality of results 92.59% and the quality of researchers using the learning model to be 100%. There is an increase in learning, namely an increase in process and student learning outcomes from cycle I, 59.25% to cycle II being 92.59%, with a increase percentage of 33.34%. Therefore the model of picture and picture learning model can help improve the learning process so that learning objectives are maximized.


Let $n$ be a natural number greater or equal to $3$, $R$ a commutative ring and $\sigma\in GL_n(R)$. We show that $t_{kl}(\sigma_{ij})$ (resp. $t_{kl}(\sigma_{ii}-\sigma_{jj}))$ where $i\neq j$ and $k\neq l$ can be expressed as a product of $8$ (resp. $24$) matrices of the form $^{\epsilon}\sigma^{\pm 1}$ where $\epsilon\in E_n(R)$. We prove similar results for the orthogonal groups $O_{2n}(R)$ and the hyperbolic unitary groups $U_{2n}(R,\Lambda)$ under the assumption that $R$ is commutative and $n\geq 3$. This yields new, very short proofs of the Sandwich Classification Theorems for the groups $GL_n(R)$, $O_{2n}(R)$ and $U_{2n}(R,\Lambda)$.


After the speedy growth and urbanization of the take-off and the go-to-the-maturity stages, the distribution of production and population will turn into the "core-periphery" pattern. The law of the evolution process is that production and population agglomerate continuously in macro, and first concentrate then disperse in micro. This evolution often causes over-concentration due to policy slant and lack of management experiences in regional and urban economy.


Tissue effects are the consequences of cellular reactions and responses. This review deals with cellular responses to low absorbed doses of ionising radiation, which are not readily predictable by extrapolation of responses observed at high doses. One of the reasons for this unpredictability is the relationship between the relatively low density of particle tracks in tissue at low radiation doses with their generation of largely stochastic ionisations and excitation of constituent molecules, and moreover, bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The other reason is the abundant and constant generation of ROS and other endogenous toxins, on top of which low dose radiation acts. At low doses, a dual effect on cellular DNA occurs: one concerns damage, whilst the other brings adaptive protection which develops within hours and may last for days to months. Radiation-induced apoptosis and immune responses add to protection by reducing genomic instability and eliminating pre-damaged cells from tissues. Protectiv...


Objective To clone Lactobacillus plantrum histidine decarboxylase(HDC)gene and analyze its sequence.Methods Primers were designed according to the lactic acid bacteria HDC gene sequence reported in GenBank,with which the DNA of Uvs44 genome of L.plantrum was extracted,then amplified by PCR and cloned,and analyzed for the homology of nucleotide sequence to that of other lactic acid bacteria.Results The homologies of nucleotide sequence of the cloned HDC gene,at a length of about 900 bp,were 99.9% and 89.1% to those of Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus buchneri respectively.The high variable region of the cloned gene was located at sites 32 ~ 489,in which T and C were often substituted.Conclusion It provided a theoretical basis for the detection of histramine-producing lactic acid bacteria and laid a foundation of construction of HDC gene-deleted recombinant bacterial strain.


We have demonstrated by limiting dilution analysis that a high percentage of clones derived from Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) secrete IgA. To further characterize the IgA produced by these clones the IgA subclass of supernatants from clones stimulated 6–8 weeks earlier with EBV was determined by RIA. 17/17 clones were positive for IgA1; none were positive for lgA2. Because we have shown an enrichment for lgA2 precursors in surface lgM+ B cells, panning techniques were used to separate slgM+ B cells from tonsils. 32/32 clones from these slgM+ B cells secreted IgA1, none secreted lgA2. Past experiments have demonstrated a discordance between plasma cell production and immunoglobulin secretion. Therefore cytoplasmic staining for lgA2 was done on EBV stimulated PBL harvested 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after culture. In all 5 experiments, the percentage of IgA plasma cells positive for IgA2 decreased with increasing duration of culture. A mean of 25.5% of the IgA plasma cells were positive for lgA2 at Day 7 and 7.2% at Day 21. These results are unlikely to be due to isotype switching from lgA2 to IgA1 as the gene for α2 is more distal to the \[upsilon] gene than the gene for α1. Instead, there may be a difference between limited proliferation and differentiation induced by EBV, and immortalization. Although lgA2 plasma cell precursors may undergo some proliferation and differentiation after EBV stimulation they are not immortalized. There is selective immortalization of lgA1 producing cells.


Same-sex couples who entered into marriage, or marriage-like relationships in states that recognize such relationships, have been denied divorce or dissolution of those relationships by other states. These states refuse to recognize same-sex marriages, or their cognates, on constitutional or statutory grounds generally for want of jurisdiction. This Article argues that all such denials are unconstitutional. The argument is based on a doctrinal trifecta anchored by the law of three cases: Williams v. North Carolina, which deconstructed marriage; Boddie v. Connecticut, which swept away impediments to court access in family law matters, particularly divorce, where the state retains a monopoly on dissolution of a fundamental relationship; and Hughes v. Fetter, which required states to open their courts to narrowly similar juridical analogues from other states pursuant to the Full Faith and Credit Clause. Importantly, Justice Black identified "the national policy of the Full Faith and Credit Clause" in Hughes, a meta-policy that informs the Clause and controls its meaning and application beyond the micro-issues of enforcement, which restricts application of the Federal Defense of Marriage Act ("DOMA") in these circumstances.


The findings below describe one Canadian school division that took up issues around the current practices employed in pre-service teacher field education and developed a reflective tool designed to measure the readiness of cooperating teachers to guide and lead pre-service teachers. The reflective tool focused on a number of critical areas of teacher readiness including knowledge of curriculum, diversity of pedagogical techniques, attention to differentiated instruction, diversity of assessment practices and areas of passion for the practicing teacher. This has allowed university personnel to match pre-service teachers and practicing teachers on areas other than teaching specialization. Through a full implementation cycle, several key findings emerged including the increased role of the school administrator in pre-service teacher education, the importance of strong relationships between school administrators and teachers in the placing of pre-service teachers and the importance of secondary teacher attributes such as expertise outside of curriculum content and pedagogical strategies. The literature base on pre-service teacher practicums is extensive yet deals primarily with concerns within the experiential placement such as the relationship between cooperating teachers and pre-service teachers (e.g., Franklin Torrez & Krebs [5], 2012). The research described here differs in that it has examined the model itself and will address a new role for key stakeholders in ensuring excellence in preservice teacher education.


In order to improve the reliability and validity of the MIMO(multiple input multiple output) relay communication system,it is necessary to study the relay node selection technique used in communication systems.Based on an analysis of the MIMO communication system modulation,detection and the fixed-gain relay selection technology,a wireless communication system based on MIMO fixed gain relay selection technology is designed and simulated.Simulation results show that the relay selection technique improves the transmission performance of the system overall,reduces the bit error rate and strengthens the communication system's anti-interference ability.


This chapter is part of an anthology of critical commentaries which explores some of the central and emerging thems, issues and debates within an increasinly expansive and globalised discipline.

In this chpater the author, Chris Hunt suggests reconsideration of Heidegger's concept of authenticity. The chapter frames the notion of the authentic not as something conservative per se, but applies Zizek's suggestion that there is another possible reading – that authenticity is 'the basic condition of the political'. Hunt suggests that authenticity could be considered afresh as a criterion with which artists can engage in depoliticised contexts.


It is well-known that among family firms, some families are active in their participation in board management, having a family member serving as either CEO or chairman of the corporate board, or both. In other family firms, members of the family occupy neither of these roles, though maintaining family representation on the corporate board. Among families involved in board management, and particularly so for firms with a founder-CEO, through a combination of family, affiliated and employee directors, the family may control the votes of the board. I derive a theoretical model of family control and then use the model to empirically assess the impact of active family management and control of board votes on family firm value. Theoretically, I find that by controlling the nominating process and rewards to independent insiders, the family can control the vote whether or not they have a voting majority on the board. I find qualified empirical support for the theoretical analysis. I find no empirical support for the assertion that family control detracts from firm value.


In this paper,using a exponential function transformation,the radial Schrdinger equation with the Hulthen potential is transformed into a hypergeometric differential equation on the assumption that an effective approximation as 1/r2(≈δ2e-δr/(1-e-δr)2)is used for the centrifugal term in the case of any l-states.The approximate analytical solution of arbitrary l-waves bound states for the Schrdinger equation with the Hulthen potential are presented.The analytical energy equation and the normalized radial wave functions expressed in terms of hypergeometric polynomials are given.The physical meaning of the approximate analytical solution is discussed.


This volume combines articles of established scholars on Jewish and New testament studies in honour of the New Testament scholar Professor Dr Heinz-Wolfgang Kuhn, Munich. The articles deal with various aspects of his work on the Dead Sea Scrolls, archaeology (Bethsiada), and Jewish and New Testament studies. Some of the contributions focus especially on aspects of eschatology in the time of the first century.


The ®nal consensus statement from the Autologous Transfusion Consensus Conference (Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 1994), held in October 1995, stated, with regard to Preoperative Autologous Donation (PAD): `At the present time, in the UK, there is a low degree of public interest, although the facility of PAD is potentially widely available. In Centres which offer this facility, the present take-up is low compared to a takeup rate in America of up to 10% accounting for 5% of the total blood usage. Eligible patients who undergo elective orthopaedic surgery are the primary targets of PAD and it is possible to achieve exclusive use of autologous blood in at least 75% of cases. Although there are practical dif®culties associated with the general introduction of PAD in the UK, we foresee that this practice may become more widespread provided that appropriate resources are made available.' It is against this background that a review has been made, with two objects in mind. Firstly to gauge whether or not there has been an increase in the uptake of PAD in the UK during the past 3 years and secondly to examine the progress of PAD worldwide.


We show that every connected commutative algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 is the Picard variety of some projective variety having only finitely many non-normal points. In contrast, no Witt group of dimension at least 3 over a perfect field of prime characteristic is isogenous to a Picard variety obtained by this construction.


Resumen en: This article deals with the symbolic construction that the group of Korean immigrants settled in Argentina carries out, in its different ways of connecti...


Following curator Yarlow's remarks on S. Andrews, F. Boulet, J. Clark, C. Daley and A. Youldon's attitude towards drawing, each artist discusses his/her approach to the medium. Biographical notes. 54 bibl. ref.


Since its beginning in 1943, ORNL has generated large amounts of solid, liquid, and gaseous radioactive waste material as a by-product of the basic research and development work carried out at the laboratory. The waste system at ORNL has been continually modified and updated to keep pace with the changing release requirements for radioactive wastes. Major upgrading projects are currently in progress. The operating record of ORNL waste operation has been excellent over many years. Recent surveillance of radioactivity in the Oak Ridge environs indicates that atmospheric concentrations of radioactivity were not significantly different from other areas in East Tennesseee. Concentrations of radioactivity in the Clinch River and in fish collected from the river were less than 4% of the permissible concentration and intake guides for individuals in the offsite environment. While some radioactivity was released to the environment from plant operations, the concentrations in all of the media sampled were well below established standards.


Correspondence Address: FROMMER LAWRENCE & HAUG A method of assisting in the Seaming of a papermaker's 745 FIFTHAVENUE10TH FL. fabric using a Seam assist device is disclosed. The Seam NEW YORK, NY 10151 (US) assist device is comprised of two portions. Each portion having an attaching edge that is attached to a predetermined (21) Appl. No.: 10/331,021 distance from the ends of the fabric by fitting spiral or loop (22) Filed: Dec. 27, 2002 elements into voids in the Surface of the fabric and anchoring 9 the elements using a binder or pintle. Connecting edges on Publication Classification each portion are then connected together, thereby causing the two attached ends of the fabric to be brought together for (51) Int. Cl. ................................. F16B 5/10; F16B 2/00 Seaming.


Photocrosslinking of thymine‐based water‐soluble polymer films was investigated at varying preparation conditions. Adding salt or decreasing the pH of the solution from which the films were cast resulted in the decreased efficiency of photoimmobilization, while increasing the pH was found to increase the photoimmobilization efficiency. A mechanistic rationale for the observed effects is proposed.


Esophagectomy carries high rates of post-operative morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive esophagectomy was introduced more than 20 years ago offering all the advantages of minimally invasive surgery and significantly reducing post-operative pulmonary and cardiac complications associated with open esophagectomy. Clinical and oncological outcomes are vastly improved standardizing this approach as inferior in the hand of experts. Herein, we aim to present our results of minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal and gastro-esophageal junction cancer.
 This is prospective analysis of consecutive patients that underwent 2-stage minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal and gastro-esophageal junction Siewert type I-II cancers. Operations included hybrid 2-stage esophagectomy (laparoscopic/open thoracotomic or open laparotomy/thoracoscopy) and 2-stage totally minimally invasive esophagectomy (laparoscopic/thoracoscopic). Study included adult patients with no upper age limit (>18 years). All esophagectomies for benign disease, as well as emergency operations were excluded from the study. Primary endpoints were 30- and 90-day mortality rate, anastomotic leak, anastomotic stricture, pulmonary complications, and length of hospital stay. Secondary endpoints were overall survival and progression-free survival rates respectively.
 During an 8-year-period, n=350 consecutive patients underwent 2-stage minimally invasive esophagectomy for cancer. Our team has a cumulative experience of more than 300 open-esophagectomies. Since September 1st, 2013, hybrid 2-stage esophagectomy program was initiated. On September 1st, 2016, the program offered 2-stage totally minimally invasive esophagectomy in-all comers. Most patients were males. Anastomotic leak complicated 5.1% of the patients; 10% of the patients presented anastomotic stricture post-operatively, while pulmonary and cardiac complications reached up to 25 and 12% respectively. Medial LOS was 8 days. Median follow-up was 60 months. OS survival rate was 53 months and PFS was 48 months.
 Advances in minimally invasive surgery can benefit all patients with esophageal and gastro-esophageal junction tumors. Hybrid and totally minimally invasive 2-stage esophagectomy are well established approaches, with safe and feasible profile in tertiary cancer centers. They can lead to significantly improved clinical and oncological outcomes comparing to open esophagectomy and its complications burden.


Objective: The primary aim was to examine the use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic (depot) medication in a cohort of older patients in a community psychogeriatric service. Method: From 2014 to 2018, all patients who were on LAIs each year were analysed for various characteristics including their profile, type of LAI used, dose and relapse rates related to switching, ceasing and community treatment order (CTO) use. Results: A total of 880 patients were managed by the service with 142 recorded cases of LAI use in total over the 5 years (16.1%). Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) outnumbered first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) by 2:1, with a trend of increasing use of SGA LAIs. The most commonly used LAI was Paliperidone monthly injection (PP1M) (50.7%). Lower than usual adult chlorpromazine equivalent daily doses of LAIs were used. The relapse rate while on a LAI was 13.4%. Moreover, 54.9% of the patients on LAIs were on a CTO. Relapse rates were lower on LAIs in combination with a CTO (7.7%). Conclusions: LAIs, especially the SGAs, are increasingly used in our service. In combination with a CTO, LAIs are an effective treatment in reducing relapse rates in the elderly.


Over several decades significant change in economic has occurres in several countries, especially in Asia. Entrepreneurship has become an important issue to foster employment in economic development. The same phenomenon happened in Bandung as one of the cities in Indonesia, which is recognized as one of the creative cities in Southeast Asia in 2007 and 2011. Young entrepreneurs are classified a creative group that occupies 60% of the total population. How young entrepreneurs cope the constraints and several factors that trigger their creativity is the focus of this study. This research was conducted with qualitative methods using in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. Six factors of Moeran's theory of creativity is used as framework to see what factors play significant role in several creative industries observed. Thirteen young entrepreneurs representing six creative industries were observed and interviewed. Findings from interviews were discussed in the focus group with four experts. The research results showed consistency with Moeran theory, with one additional factor as uniqueness of Bandung.


One of the major constraints of winter canola (Brassica napus L.) production is poor seed germination and field stand establishment. It has been reported that use of polymer seed coatings improve stand establishment in some crops including spring canola. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three polymers [CelGard, Spectrum 511 and DiscoClear] each at three concentrations (0.33%, 0.66% and 0.99%), with and without pesticide Helix and Apron on seed germination of winter canola. The study was carried out in the laboratory under normal and water stress conditions. Results showed that certain polymer/ concentration/ pesticide seed coating combinations have potential to increase the seed germination in winter canola. Efficiency of polymer seed coatings depends upon the cultivar and environmental (soil type, water stress etc.) conditions. Results also showed that polymer CelGard at 0.33% concentration for cv. Abilene and Spectrum 511 at 0.66% concentration for cv. Jetton effectively increased seed germination under normal and water stress conditions. Seeds coated with Helix and Apron pesticides significantly improved germination under water stress conditions.


We provide a procedure for resolving, in characteristic 0, singularities of a variety $X$ embedded in a smooth variety $Y$ by repeatedly blowing up the worst singularities, in the sense of stack-theoretic weighted blowings up. No history, no exceptional divisors, and no logarithmic structures are necessary to carry this out. A similar result was discovered independently by McQuillan in a manuscript posted on this archive simultaneously.


The male and female of Brumptomyia brumpti (Larrousse, 1920), the type species of the genus Brumptomyia Franca & Parrot, 1921 (Diptera: Psychodidae - phlebotominae) are redescribed from syntypes in the British Museum (Natural History).


What has Cos to do with Jerusalem? Reworded,Tertullian's famous question focuses on the relationship between early Christianity and the medicine associated with Hippocrates. No modern discussion of this can proceed very far without some reference to the writings of Darrel Amundsen and Gary Ferngren. For more than thirty years, both individually and in collaboration, they have offered overviews and particular studies of "healing and medicine in Christianity,"to quote their title in the Encyclopedia of Religion. Their articles, covering the Middle Ages as well as antiquity, are characterized by accessibility to the nonspecialist, full deployment of the secondary literature, a broad sociological framework, and sensitivity to current ethical issues. They also betray a deep familiarity with the primary evidence that is sometimes obscured by footnoting of translations only. Amundsen's most influential papers were collected in Medicine, Society, and Faith in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds (Baltimore, 1996) and prefaced by a helpful typology of how medicine and religion can interrelate and how the early church Fathers viewed medicine (with nuanced approbation, not fundamental hostility). Now Gary Ferngren has at last followed suit. He reworks, and blends into a monograph, nine previously published papers, two of them written with Amundsen.


This paper describes the results of the analysis of biological rhythms of blood pressure in patients with psoriasis, living in the northern region. Comparative analysis of the streak of blood pressure shows that in patients with psoriasis observed changes rhythmic pattern with the appearance of short ultradian rhythms, reducing synchronization between systolic and diastolic blood pressure without a significant increase in the average daily level.


Despite recent advancements, NLP models continue to be vulnerable to bias. This bias often originates from the uneven distribution of real-world data and can propagate through the annotation process. Escalated integration of these models in our lives calls for methods to mitigate bias without overbearing annotation costs. While active learning (AL) has shown promise in training models with a small amount of annotated data, AL's reliance on the model's behavior for selective sampling can lead to an accumulation of unwanted bias rather than bias mitigation. However, infusing clustering with AL can overcome the bias issue of both AL and traditional annotation methods while exploiting AL's annotation efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive clustering-based active learning algorithm, D-CALM, that dynamically adjusts clustering and annotation efforts in response to an estimated classifier error-rate. Experiments on eight datasets for a diverse set of text classification tasks, including emotion, hatespeech, dialog act, and book type detection, demonstrate that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms baseline AL approaches with both pretrained transformers and traditional Support Vector Machines. D-CALM showcases robustness against different measures of information gain and, as evident from our analysis of label and error distribution, can significantly reduce unwanted model bias.


Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze various preoperative and intraoperative factors that may contribute to the development of wound hematoma after reduction mammaplasty. This will help us to estimate a prospective patient's individualized risk based on selected identifiable factors, facilitating patient selection and preoperative counseling.

Methods: Sixty six patients, who underwent Wise-pattern, Inferior pedicle reduction mammaplasty over a 10- year period (1999-2008) performed by a single surgeon were studied. The following factors were addressed: age, medical history, medications, smoking habits, Body Mass Index (BMI), phase of menstrual cycle, mass of resection, prophylactic heparin, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative and postoperative Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) levels, various blood pressure measurements and hematoma formation. The operative time was divided into two periods and in our experience, hemostasis was achieved in the second period.

Results: In our series, six patients developed a postoperative wound hematoma; only two patients required operative evacuation (3%). Body Mass Index (BMI), mass of resection and subcutaneous prophylactic heparin significantly affected the likelihood of wound hematoma (P values: 0.018, 0.002 and 0.031, respectively). Smoking, age, medical illnesses and phase of menstrual cycle had no statistical significance on the development of wound hematoma. Logistic regression analysis showed that the peak systolic blood pressure during the period of hemostasis was significantly lower in patients who developed hematoma (P=0.019).

Conclusions: Our data indicate that there was a significant correlation between post-operative hematoma and Body Mass Index (BMI), mass of resection, prophylactic heparin and intraoperative hypotention during the period of hemostasis.


This paper proposes a novel multi-agent bargaining learning (MABL) for the distributed energy hub economic dispatch (EHED) of multiple energy carrier systems (MECS). Distributed EHED is developed by extending the conventional economic dispatch (ED) into MECS in a distributed manner, in which each energy hub is regarded as a learning agent for self-scheduling. The classical Q-learning with associative memory is employed for knowledge learning of each agent, while the non-uniform mutation operator is adopted for handling the continuous control variables. To maximize the total payoff of all the energy hubs, the bargaining game is presented for achieving an effective coordination between the buyer agents and a seller agent, where the slack energy hub is designed as the seller agent and the others are the buyer agents. MABL has been thoroughly evaluated for the distributed EHED on a high-complex 39-hub MECS with 29 energy hub structures and 76 energy production units. Case studies verify the superior performance of MABL for the distributed EHED compared with six centralized heuristic optimization algorithms.


Today rural women are majorly involved in agriculture practices. Cotton being one of the major crops in agriculture production systems, women also work in various activities from pre sowing till harvesting of cotton crop. The present study was conducted in three southern districts of Tamil Nadu namely Madurai, Trichy and Viruthunagar. Seventy one cotton growing farm women were selected for the study. Total of 176.5 acres of cotton production was done in the respondents'field. The mean age of the respondents was 42 years of age. Eighty per cent of the farm women were literate and majority of the farm women were small farm land holders. All the farm women were under economic weaker section group. Sowing, thinning and gap filling, weeding and harvesting were the major activities performed fully by farm women. Sickle and hand hoe were the only tools used to remove weeds in cotton crop. Leg, hand and back were the major areas affected by musculoskeletal discomfort. The study revealed that farm women need women friendly farm tools for harvesting and weeding operation in cotton crop. The increase in productivity of farm women depends on the comfort of farm women while at work.


Grapholita molesta (Busck) is a menacing pest of fruit trees worldwide. A mixture of glucose, acetic acid, ethanol, and water (GAEWM) has been widely used for monitoring or trapping G. molesta adults. Previous research has shown that acetic acid captures more moths compared to ethanol; however, the respective roles of acetic acid and ethanol in bisexual attraction remain unknown. This study investigated the olfactory behaviours of virgin females, virgin males, and gravid females to variations in nine concentration levels of acetic acid (A) and ethanol (E) for GAEWM using electroantennography, a wind tunnel experiment, and a field test. There was a significant dose‐dependent response by moths to the GAEWM lure variations that affected the range of lure detection and the probability of a moth being trapped. In contrast, adult sex and mating status had the strongest effect on the behaviours associated with flying close to the trap. For medium level dosages of A and E, one combination with acetic acid exceeding ethanol content (A > E; #3, A:E = 3:1) elicited antennal detection by the test adults, and upwind flight of the females. In another combination with ethanol predominating (E > A; #7, A:E = 1:3), the lured traps caught more males than control groups. For low dosages, with the acetic acid level equal to ethanol (A = E; #1, A:E = 1:1), females flew upwind, and virgin females flew around the lure. For high level dosages, with A > E (#6, A:E = 3:2), the antennae of gravid females and virgin males reacted to the lure. These results concluded that the acetic acid to ethanol ratios of either 3:1 or 1:3 in GAEWM has the potential to improve the attraction of both G. molesta sexes to traps.


Summary The goal of this study was to develop a reliable measurement method to evaluate frontal plane hallucal flexion direction in controls and patients with varying severity of hallux valgus. The experimental apparatus consisted of a six-degree-of-freedom load cell, attached to an ankle immobilizer that allowed motion at only the first MTP joint. The hallucal flexion angle, ϑ, was defined as the arc tangent of the ratio of laterally directed force to inferiorly directed force. The SE between replicate measurements in normal subjects was 3.2° ( n = 10). The relationship between hallucal flexion angle (and axial plane MTP1 angle(the latter being an index of hallux valgus severity) for both asymptomatic subjects and patients with a bunion deformity was ( n = 20): (= 0.32 * y-3.2 ( r = 0.51). The significant ( P r = 0.51), it appears that factors other than the degree of axial plane hallux valgus deformity have major influences on the extent of functional changes with bunion deformity.