Flow boiling instabilities in microchannel can reduce the performance of equipment operation and disturb the heat transfer characteristic. The parallel triangle silicon microchannel heat sink was integrated with seed bubble generators in the microchannel upstream. The simultaneous optical visualization measurement experimental systems were set up. The flow boiling instability and heat transfer under different heater lengthes, mass fluxes and seed bubble frequencies were examined. The results show that, the heater length, heat and mass flux were identified as the key parameters to the boiling instability process. Longer heater length or lower flow rate induces earlier appearance of boiling incipience and critical heat flux. With heat flux increasing, the pressure drop decreases slightly and the temperature increases linearly in the single liquid phase region. However, the pressure drop increases sharply and the temperature increases exponentially in the vapor-liquid two phase flow region. Using triggering the generation of seed bubbles as the active controlling technic, the self-sustained boiling instability can be effectively controlled or fundamentally eliminated. Moreover, the heat transfer could be enhanced markedly. The seed bubble triggered technology is worth to be promoted.


This paper derives and illustrates the utility of the derivative of a determinant that arises from the solution of the wave equation in a multi‐layered medium. The horizontal wavenumbers at which the determinant is zero are the eigenvalues of the solution. The derivative of the determinant with respect to the horizontal wavenumber therefore can be an aid in finding the roots (zeros). More importantly, the eigenfunction normalization constant is shown to be a function of this derivative. Two types of boundary are discussed, an impedance boundary and an infinite half‐space. The normalization using the derivative of the determinant is shown to apply to both types. The derivative of the determinant is also useful in evaluating mode group velocities. An algorithm for the efficient determination of the derivative of a determinant is given. This algorithm includes a rapid computational technique that applies special properties of matrix operations and utilizes the sparseness of the determinant.


Seas assets that give us a variety of characteristic items to control bacterial, contagious and viral ailment and mostly utilized for malignancy chemotherapy practically from spineless creatures, for example, bryozoans, wipes, delicate corals, coelenterates, ocean fans, ocean bunnies, molluscs and echinoderms. In the previous 30 40 years, marine plants and creatures have been the focal point of overall endeavours to characterize the regular results of the marine condition. Numerous marine characteristic items have been effectively exceptional to the last phases of clinical preliminaries, including dolastatin-10, a group of peptides disengaged from Indian ocean rabbit, Dollabella auricularia. Ecteinascidin-743 from mangrove tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, Didemnins was isolated from Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum and Conopeptides from cone snails (Conus sp.), and a developing number of up-and-comers have been chosen as promising leads for expanded pre-clinical appraisals. Sea anemones possess numerous tentacles containing stinging cells or cnidocytes. The stinging cells are equipped with small organelles known as nematocysts. The two species of sea anemones namely, Heteractis magni icaandStichodactyla haddoni, were collected from Mandapamcoastalwaters of Ramanathapuramdistrict, Tamilnadu, India. TheNematocyst was collected and centrifuged, and the supernatant was lyophilized and stored for further analysis. The amount of protein from Heteractis Magni ica and Stichodactyla haddoni was estimated. The crude extract has shown haemolytic activity on chicken blood and goat blood. In the antibacterial activity of the sea anemone against six bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Salmonella paratyphii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of H. Magni ica and S.haddoni was measured as the radius of the zone of inhibition.


(WiMax) is a wireless broadband technology based on IEEE 802.16 standard. It offers fixed, nomadic, portable and mobile wireless broadband services. The Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology becomes popular and receives growing acceptance as a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system. Path loss prediction models are essential tools in radio network planning for cellular transmission as they are used for received signal strength estimation, link budget design and analysis, cell size estimation, and interference optimization. Several models are available to estimate the path loss, such as: COST 231-Hata model, Hata model, Lee Model , Stanford University Interim model and Ericsson model.


Abstract While the European Council has come to be a key institution in the EU, its accountability has been rather indirect and limited. Individually its members are held to account in their domestic systems. Collectively, however, accountability appears limited to the presidential addresses to the European Parliament. This may well change if the rotating European Council Presidency were to be replaced by a permanent, elected president. This article presents a systematic analysis of the principle of rotation versus that of a permanent European Council President in terms of democratic representation and accountability. It concludes that a permanent president would open up opportunities to increase the public accountability of the European Council to the European Parliament. More specifically, it suggests that whenever such a president would seek to expand his powers, automatic balancers within the EU institutional architecture would ensure that these powers were checked and subject to parliamentary control.


We report on performance evaluation of a hybrid-integrated 4×100G TROSA module using a PAM4 DSP chip. Stable transmission and reception of 106-Gbps/λ PAM4 signals are demonstrated, fully satisfying the 400G-LR4 MSA specifications.


Objective To explore the effect of Kurarinone on PCNA and WBC in liver cancer animal model.To search effective treatment for leukopenia attributable to chemotherapy in liver cancer. Methods 48 liver cancer animals were divided into two groups and treatment group was treated with Kurarinone. PCNA and WBC were examined in two groups. Results The numbers of WBC in treatment group were more than control group.There are 7 cases expressing PCNA in treatment group,but 20 cases in control group. Conclusion Kurarinone can repress growth of liver cancer cell and reduce leukopenia attributable to chemotherapy in liver cancer.


HELL, wrote Jean-Paul Sartre, is other people. He wrote it in French, of course. But it rings true in any tongue. Just look at the adverts for private hospitals.


A pair of enantiomers of trans-p-menth-2-en-1-ol, an aggregation pheromone of Platypus quercivorus, was synthesized from (S)- and (R)-limonene. The retention time of the aggregation pheromone from the insect coincided with that of (1S,4R)-p-menth-2-en-1-ol synthesized from (S)-limonene from GC analyses with a chiral column, enabling the absolute configuration of the aggregation pheromone to be determined as (1S,4R).


In the context of recent discussions and concern about the value of a Christian education, the desires of college students for the freedom to ask bigger questions about values and mission and to explore deeper meanings in life often go unnoticed. Christian colleges are uniquely positioned to provide students an opportunity to explore these questions and to serve as models for contexts in which values and academic disciplines are taken seriously. The current study explores the religiosity, identity, attachment, and well-being of almost 1000 recent graduates from two Christian colleges. Two religiosity measures were of particular interest: 1) religious coherence measures the degree to which values affect one's life and is a composite measure based on intrinsic religiosity, Christian Orthodoxy, religious identity, and religious coping, and 2) quest measures the degree of "readiness to face existential questions in all their complexity while at the same time resisting clear-cut, pat answers" (Batson et al., 1993, p. 166). Committed questers— those high in both measures—show higher well-being and provide an opportunity to explore movement toward more complex faith and greater ownership of one's faith and values. Results show that a Christian college can create a place where values guide personal behavior and nurture human flourishing, and questing can be a positive if sometimes stressful path to spiritual growth.


Intestinal dysbiosis precedes and is a likely causative factor in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and many cases of late-onset sepsis. Randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies demonstrate decreased risk of NEC, sepsis, and death with the administration of probiotic microbes and decreased risk of NEC and sepsis with feeding of human milk. Animal studies suggest promising mechanisms by which probiotic microbes and human milk oligosaccharides alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota and may prevent disease in premature infants. Inclusion of parents in discussions of the risks and benefits of humanmilk and probiotics for premature infants is essential. Objectives After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Summarize the translational and clinical evidence that human milk and probiotics decrease the risks of necrotizing enterocolitis, death, and sepsis in premature infants. 2. Summarize known functions of human milk oligosaccharides.


Abstract Cigarettes with similar parameters were made from various tobaccos of definite types and sources. These were chemically defined according to nicotine, total reducing substances, soluble carbohydrates, polyphenols, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, total ash, ethanol extractible substances, resins, ''wax'', and raw fiber. The smoke condensate was also determined. The following results were obtained from 17 different kinds of tobacco: 1. A positive correlation between the resin content in the leaf and smoke condensate yield. Calculations gave a coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.69 (statistical significant (99 %)). 2.The same positive correlation, with a coefficient of correlation of 0.63 (statistical significant (99 %)), was found in relation to the nicotine content of the leaf. 3. Other substances determined in the leaf do not seem to be tied to smoke condensate yield. 4. The same conclusions are valid when the smoke yield is measured in tars soluble in chloroform


The invention relates to a special dynamic performance measuring and control system for a vehicle rubber shock absorber, comprising a sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, a power or signal generating control system, a servo control amplifier, a multifunctional data collecting card and a master control computer, wherein the sensor and the power or signal generating control system are connected to a main body of an experimental device; the sensor is also connected with the signal conditioning circuit, and the power or signal generating control system is also connected with the servo control amplifier; the signal conditioning circuit and the servo control amplifier are connected to the multifunctional data collecting card; and the multifunctional data collecting card is connected to the master control computer. The invention provides a special dynamic performance measuring and control system for a vehicle rubber shock absorber, which carries out multi-parameter dynamic performance test research on the rubber shock absorber according to the environment of a specific working condition to obtain the dynamic properties of a vehicle and system analysis with completer relation, thereby realizing the rationalizing design of the vehicle rubber shock absorber.


This paper analyses the adjustrnent of the tertiary subsectors in the metropolitan Sao Paulo area (RMSP) to employment policies. There is a trade-off betweenjob creation and its quality. Therefore, the model - presented in the first section - takes into account both dimensions. Job quality is a function of average earnings, scbooling degree, formality rate and the pennanence on the employment. The second section presents the data related to 1997, whose source is the PED - Employment and Unemployment Research - jointly elaborated for SEADE Foundation and DIEESE. The following section describes the statistical procedure. The results to each branch are analysed in the fourth section. Finally, the tertiary sector of the RMSP is divided into three groups: high, medium and low adjustment to employment policies.


We present a multi-speaker silent speech recognition system trained on articulator features derived from the Tongue and Lips corpus, a multi-speaker corpus of ultrasound tongue imaging and lip video data. We extracted articulator features using the pose estimation software DeepLabCut , then trained recognition models with these point-tracking features using Kaldi . We trained with voiced utterances, then tested performance on both voiced and silent utterances. Our multi-speaker SSR improved WER by 23.06% when compared to a previous similar multi-speaker SSR system which used image-based instead of point-tracking features. We also found great improvements (up to 15.45% decrease in WER) in recognition of silent speech using fMLLR adaptation compared to raw features. Finally, we investigated differences in articulator trajectories between voiced and silent speech and found that speakers tend to miss articulatory targets that are present in voiced speech when speaking silently.


Electrical power is a vital prerequisite for any modern economy. Even in the least developed countries, the availability of a reliable power supply at reasonable cost is important for economic growth and development. The critical issue is that the demand for electrical power in developing countries keeps expanding faster than the growth of supply, which is constrained by financial, technical and manpower-related impediments. The author describes this issue in detail. Many developing countries' power systems suffer from unbalanced investments, with overcapacity in generation coexisting with serious underinvestment in distribution. The author discusses the ways in which these problems can be overcome.


This study investigated the effects of online summarization practice on the reading comprehension and summarization abilities of EFL learners. Thirty-five EFL learners read and summarized expository passages using an online tutoring program called WriteToLearn. Upon online submission of their summaries, the learners received instant automated feedback and had multiple opportunities to revise summaries. Another group of 34 learners serving as a comparison group read the same passages and did comprehension exercises which required them to provide answers to comprehension questions in writing. Both groups took a reading comprehension test and a summarization test once before and once after the four-week training. The results showed that while the two groups exhibited significant improvement in micro-level and macro-level reading comprehension and summarization, the online summarization group performed significantly better than the comprehension exercise group in macro-level reading comprehension and summarization after training. The findings suggest that online summarization practice is superior to the traditional procedure of answering comprehension questions for helping learners enhance reading comprehension and summarization abilities.


Multispectral thermal infrared remote sensing of Hawaiian basalts younger than a few hundred years old can be used to discriminate basalt lava flows that are difficult to map with visible and near-infrared images. Laboratory thermal infrared reflectance spectra of the exposed surfaces of Mauna Loa and Kilauea basalts show systematic changes with age. Fresh glass collected from active lava flows shows a broad reflectance feature between 8 and 12 μm, indicative of a strong degree of disorder. After a few weeks of exposure to the environment the spectra of the top surfaces of samples begin to exhibit spectral features suggestive of ordering into silicate chainlike and sheetlike units. With progressive aging, features of apparent sheetlike structures become the preferred mode. As soon as 3 years after emplacement, a silica-rich coating can begin to develop on the surfaces, adding another spectral feature to the laboratory reflectance measurements. The Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) with six channels between 8 and 12 μm has been used to take advantage of these spectral differences in basalts to map flows in Hawaii. Remote sensing instruments with increased spectral resolution in the thermal infrared would aid in further discrimination of basalts with more subtle differences in age, quenching, and weathering histories.


Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera), a chalcid wasp family new to the fauna of Poland Eucharis adscendens (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae) is reported as occurring in the Mazovian Lowland in central Poland. This represents the first record of the entire family Eucharitidae in Poland, which extends further to the north the geographical range of Eucharitidae in central Europe. E. adscendens was observed ovipositing into the flower buds of an umbellifer Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench. The most likely hosts of this chalcid species at this Mazovian location are ants of the genus Formica L.


FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW Voting is an inviolable right, occupying a sacred place in the lives of those who fought to secure the right and in our democracy, because it is "preservative of all rights."1 The parties do not dispute those fundamental truths. The parties' dispute centers instead on whether three provisions of Alabama's election laws—the requirement that a notary or two witnesses sign absentee ballot affidavits, the requirement that absentee voters submit a copy of their photo ID with an absentee ballot application, and the de facto ban on curbside voting2—violate the right to vote in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The plaintiffs assert that the defendants' enforcement of the Challenged Provisions during the pandemic compels voters to risk exposure to COVID-19 in


The new models of shared economy that are being introduced in Spain are generating a significant impact, on the tourism sector. The new model of sharing what is deprecated is causing important destruction to the tourist market. This rises a concern by traditional agents and neighbours, showing their displeasure to the new platforms of timeshare homes for rent. So, given good relations with one another, a definition is required, which is built on the basis of this new phenomenon.


Vascular endothelial cells are actively involved in coagulation and inflammation processes and appear to represent an important element in cell-mediated immune responses. In this paper, the possible role of endothelial cells as a target for immunopathological reactions was analyzed. Experimental neurovascular lesions were studied in a model of cerebral malaria, with particular attention to the role of cytokine interactions in vivo.


ABSTRACTMachine-Assisted Translation (MAT) is a sophisticated intellectual technology made by man as a means of instant translation. One of them is Google Translate. This research is a case study with a qualitative approach. This research was conducted to answer the following questions; 1) about implementation of teaching techniques by applying MAT and MT analysis in the Translation course; 2) about students' perceptions of learning techniques using MAT and MT analysis in the Translation course; and 3) the students' strategies in doing MT. The research data collection techniques were obtained from classroom observations, interviews with lecturers in Translation subject and documents from the results of student translations. All of these were conducted online because Covid had not passed. The object of his research was a lecturer in the Translation subject and 10 students from the Translation class. The data analysis technique used the data credibility test through the triangulation of techniques and sources. The result and the finding of this study are that the lecturer implements the MAT and MT analysis in the translation course with various stages. Meanwhile, students have the perception that the translation technique with the MAT and MT analysis strategy is very beneficial for their translation result. The strategy carried out by students in translating is using MAT and MT analysis in addition to using special translation techniques.Keywords: Translation, Machine-Assisted Translation (MAT), Manual Translation (MT)


This work highlights the fabrication of ceramic microfiltration membranes using Red mud as the raw material. The raw material was pre-processed and paste casting method was used for fabrication. Two different membranes were successfully fabricated: membrane A and membrane B. Membrane A had a regular stoichiometric composition of red mud and binding agents whereas in case of membrane B, a significant percentage of kaolin was added to prop up the membrane matrix. After initial treatments, both the membranes were sintered at high temperatures e.g. 800 and 900oC respectively. Comprehensive material characterization techniques viz. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), BET surface area analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Mercury intrusion porosimetry were followed to ascertain the nature of the membrane fabrication and their inherent material properties. The membranes A and B being sintered at 900oC, reported an average pore size of 10 and 6µm respectively. These membranes were found well suited for oil-water emulsion and clarifying raw sugar cane juice studies. A maximum rejection of 53% was achieved with membrane B in oil-water emulsion studies. In sugar cane juice study as well, membrane B performed superior to its counterpart. The performance was reasonably well and membrane B reported 78% of turbidity and 28% of colour removal. In addition to that purity percentage was increased to 1.7 units. All the membranes were studied for their regeneration and reusability. The role of organic solvents was found to be important along with hot water wash. A detailed cost analysis was also performed and it was seen that the membranes fabricated were much cheaper than the similar products reported in literature.


During the last twenty five years the social changes gave rise to social exclusion is seen as a new social problem in Western societies. Although several sectors of population are included under the label of «social exclusion», social sciences have not achieved yet to a consensus regarding to what population is included in this universe. In the last years the regulation of norms and programs of social policy related to this sector of population have appeared, however we do not have a sociological answer to the question of who are the socially excluded people. Since social exclusion is a multicausal phenomenon, it is necessary to reach an approach to link different coexisting factors in the same situation, to determine wich is the degree of social exclusion. In this essay we show the methodology used by the Observatory of Processes of Exclusion and Social Incorporation for studying people in situation, or risk, of socially excluding, what allows analysing multifactorial nature of the subject as a study object.


For studying treatment measures of frost heaving in seasonal frozen area, it is paved with the conditional sand mat and the waterproof geotextile-gravel mat of subgrade as experimental sections at Xiangpi Mountain in National Highway 109. According to the field data of ground temperature and moisture content observed from experimental sections of subgrade, this paper analyses the variation of temperature and moisture content between the waterproof geotextile-gravel mat and the conventional sand mat of subgrade under climatic environment in detail; It not only compares the change rate of moisture content of the two sections ,the reasons which cause those changes but also analyses the impacts of those changes on the stability of subgrade . Finally, the author comes to a conclusion that the waterproof geotextile-gravel of subgrade is more advantageous to preventing frost heaving and boiling in seasonal frozen area than the conventional sand mat of subgrade.


[Objective]To compare the effects of combined medication of telmisartan with bisprolol on left ventricular remodeling in two kidney one clip hypertensive rats.[Methods]Forty –three SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham group(group A,n=10);hypertension group(group B,n=11);bisoprolol + telmisartan group(group C,n=11);benazepril + telmisartan group(group D,n=11).The blood pressure and echocardiography of the rats were detected every 2 weeks.After 20 weeks,rats were sacrificed,the heart tissues were collected,the concentration of collagen Ⅲ,collagen Ⅳand ANF were detected by radioimmunoassay.[Results]The blood pressures of each group were(174.37±17.91) mmHg of group B,(151.68±11.04) mmHg of group C,(130.44±15.36) mmHg of group D.RWT of every group:(0.37±0.07) mm of group B,(0.68±0.06) mm of group C,(0.53±0.05) mm of group D.Group D's was lower than group C's(P0.05);The concentration of collagenⅢ of rats in each group were(56.18±16.69) ng/100 mg of group B,(43.19±8.56) ng/100 mg of group C,(35.52±5.28) ng/100 mg of group D.Group D's was lower than group C's(P0.05).The concentration of collagen Ⅳ of rats in each group were(8.99±3.19) ng/100 mg of group B,(6.15±1.38) ng/100 mg of group C,(4.80±0.64) ng/100 mg of group D,Group D's was lower than group C's(P0.05).[Conclusion]D group has better effects in reducing blood pressure and protecting target organ than C group.


This study addresses whether the vasculature grows in proportion to the myocardium as the rat heart develops. The volume of myocardium and coronary vessels were estimated from micro-CT images of the hearts injected with Microfil(R) contrast agent. Young (n=5) and adult (n=5) hearts were scanned, resulting in 3D images comprised of 20μm on-a-side cubic voxels. The myocardial muscle and vessel lumen volumes were measured for all vessels 40 to 320μm in diameter by an erosion and dilation method applied to the binary images in which the contrast in the vessels were assigned "1" and all non-opacified entities were assigned "0". The average total muscle volume increases by 50%, 129.4 to 237.4mm3, from young to adult rats, while the luminal volume increases by 10%, 16.6 to 18.6mm3. The vessel volume is 12% of the total muscle volume in young and 8% in adults. For a given vessel volume, the muscle volume in the young is 82% of the muscle volume in adults. We conclude that as the heart matures, the myocardium grows more rapidly than the vasculature. This may result in greater angles of separation between vessel branches, and the increase in myocardial coronary volume. The ratio suggests either higher blood flow velocity or a lower metabolic rate in adults.


7018Background: Standard reporting of symptomatic adverse events (AEs) in oncology relies on clinicians to rate patient (pt) experience using CTCAE; each symptom is represented by a single graded i...


This letter explores the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure (GSOP) for compensation of quadrature imbalance in an optical 90deg hybrid. We present computer simulations for an optical QPSK communication system using a digital coherent receiver and investigate the impact of quadrature imbalance on the required optical signal-to-noise ratio for the receiver and the frequency estimation algorithm. We then demonstrate the improvement which can be achieved using the GSOP, including the impact of quantization in the digital coherent receiver. Finally, we show that the GSOP can equally be applied to polarization-division multiplexed systems, applying the GSOP in conjunction with the constant modulus algorithm to demultiplex a PDM-QPSK signal.


Gliomatosis Peritonei (GP) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of neuroglial implants throughout the peritoneum. It is a benign lesion with a potential for malignant transformation. Its association with ovarian teratomas has been sparsely reported in the literature. As GP is a rarity, it lacks forth set and accepted guidelines for management. Here, we report three intriguing cases of histopathologically confirmed GP in association with ovarian teratoma. All three patients were young females between 18 and 22 years of age and presented with abdominal swelling and ascites. On evaluation, they had raised tumor markers (CA-125, Agence France-Presse, and lactate dehydrogenase) and radiological findings were in favor of ovarian malignancy. Two of them underwent primary debulking surgery, whereas one received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in view of recurrent ovarian tumor of nonseminal germ cell nature followed by interval debulking surgery. Intraoperative findings in all three cases were almost similar. Unexpectedly, the histopathological findings were reported as immature teratoma in two cases and mature teratoma in one along with GP.


Abstract The bowing distortion of polypropylene (PP) film during transverse direction (TD) stretching with a tenter was newly predicted with consideration for heated air flow. The distribution of the heat transfer coefficient on film was calculated by the results of air flow analysis in the tenter in order to obtain a more realistic heat transfer condition than in previous works based on an impinging jet model and a wall jet model. Bowing distortion after stretching was calculated by applying the distribution of heat transfer coefficient obtained from air flow analysis under the assumption that the deformation of film obeys an elastic-plastic rule. Another bowing distortion was also calculated by applying an impinging jet model and a wall jet model in order to evaluate the applicability of the distribution of heat transfer coefficient obtained from air flow analysis. The authors experimentally measured the bowing distortion and the film thickness after stretching using a pilot plant. It has been shown that the calculated results based on the distribution of heat transfer coefficient obtained from air flow analysis are closer to the experimental results than previous works based on an impinging jet model and a wall jet model, particularly at faster line speed. It is revealed that the distribution of heat transfer coefficient has a strong influence on the temperature of film, and the difference of the predicted temperature causes a difference in the thickness change in film and longitudinal stress. The authors concluded that the difference in thickness change in film and longitudinal stress brought about the difference in bowing distortion.


The growth in demand for bio-gradable materials is opened as a venue for using vegetable oils, coconut oils etc., as alternate to the conventional coolants for machining operations. At present in manufacturing industries the demand for surface quality is increasing rapidly along with dimensional accuracy and geometric tolerances. The present study is influence of cutting parameters on the surface roughness during the turning of mild steel with TiN coated carbide tool using groundnut oil and soluble oil as coolants. The results showed vegetable gave closer surface finish compares with soluble oil. Cutting parameters has been optimized with Taguchi technique. In this paper, the main objective is to optimize the cutting parameters and reduce surface roughness analogous to increase the tool life by apply the coating on the carbide inserts. The cost of the coating is more, but economically efficient than changing the tools frequently. The plots were generated and analysed to find the relationship between them which are confirmed by performing a comparison study between the predicted results and theoretical results.


Invasive surgery brings with it a unique set of post-surgical risks that are directly dependent on various factors including the specific surgical approach used, pre-existing comorbidities and features such as gender and age. Pulmonary thromboembolism is one of the most feared complications following surgery, and diagnosis and treatment of this entity is a challenging task for the clinician. Here we describe a case of massive pulmonary thromboembolism and associated coronary artery thromboemboli status post spinal fusion surgery in a 68 year-old man with an undetected patent foramen ovale (PFO). Although the decedent was managed clinically with proper deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis protocols and physical rehabilitation, he went into cardiorespiratory arrest after experiencing acute oxygen desaturation and newly detected right bundle branch block. PFO can be incidentally found in 25% of the adult population. Several clinical syndromes including stroke, migraine headaches and obstructive sleep apnea have been associated in patients with PFO, the last two from which the decedent suffered. The pathology of this unique case of massive pulmonary thromboembolism resulting in coronary artery thromboemboli in the setting of an undetected PFO is discussed. The discovery of PFO in patients prior to surgery, if detected early, may improve post-surgical outcomes. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Structural properties of normal‐type spinel ZnCr2Se4 have been studied as a function of temperature by means of neutron diffraction. It is found that the structural phase transition (TC) from a cubic to orthorhombic symmetry simultaneously occurs at the antiferromagnetic phase transition temperature (TN ∼ 21 K), where the cubic and orthorhombic symmetry is 7Oh‐Fd3m and 24D2h‐Fddd, respectively. The structural phase transition is mainly characterized by the cooperative displacements of Se2– ions, which are induced by a magnetostriction resulting from the magnetic interaction of Cr3+ ions in CrSe4 chains along [110]. The antiferromagnetic magnetic structure below TN is made by a spiral magnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic CrSe4 chains around crystallographic screw axes, which are parallel to an orthorhombic C axis. The spiral long‐range order of the spins of Cr3+ is incommensurate and its periodicity of q along a reciprocal lattice axis C* shows temperature dependence from about 0.47 (2.5 K) to 0.43 (18 K). The spiral periodicity of the spin order along the C axis shows a first order transition at about 21 K.


Space, society, mediance I n his essay Fudo (The human milieu, 1935), Watsuji Tetsurô1 initiates a hermeneutic phenomenology of the relationship of societies with their environment which refers explicitly to Martin Heidegger's Sein und Zeit (Being and Time, 1927), while diverging radically from it on two grounds. First, Watsuji criticizes Heidegger for not having given enough importance to space. Second, correlatively, he criticizes Heidegger on account of his conception of Dasein, which, according to Watsuji, acknowledges only the individual dimension of the 'being-human' (or human existence, ningen sonzai), not its social dimension.


In order to discover the most significant factors which affect the selecting of the young consumer on their mobile operators, a questionnaire is used in this paper to get some information about the mobile users. And based on the perspective of consumer behavior, consumer behavior model is used in this research. To test and verify this model, this paper use PCA (principal component analysis) in the data analysis and then get two significant factors: the Experience and the Outside-effects, and then put forward the strategy of family binding. This paper also explains the other data which come from the questionnaire and give some suggestions to the three mobile operators for their market share in the 3G and even 4G users compete.


The effects of Tongling copper mine tailings on growth,developm en t and agronomic trait of wheat were investigated by pot experiments. The results showed tailings decreased tiller numbers and delayed development stage. Low rat io tailings increased and high ratio tailings decreased leave area on flag leave s, seedling height and stem, leaves biomass. The toxicity of tailings increased remarkaly as wheat grew and developed. The ultimate effects was agronomic trait of wheat.The toxicity of copper and the extreme infertility of tailings were two main factors stressing wheat growth. The distribution of copper in wheat in mat ure stage was rootstem and leaveseed.There were significant positive correlati on between copper in seed and available copper in tailings.


This study was conducted to estimate the organic matter digestibility, metabolisable energy and short chain fatty acid production of indigenous browses from rift valley of Ethiopia using in vitro gas production technique. Leaves of Acacia seyal, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis, Prosopis juliflora, Millettia ferruginea, Vernonia amygadalina, Croton macrostachyus and Cordia africana were collected, oven-dried, ground and analyzed for their chemical composition and in vitro gas production characteristics. General linear model procedure of SAS, Version 9.2 was used for statistical analysis. The highest (P<0.05) rate of gas production (c) and potential gas production (a+b) were observed for Acacia seyal and the least were for Cordia Africana. The highest (P<0.05) organic matter digestibility was observed for Acacia seyal and Vernonia amygadalina while the lowest (P<0.05) was for Cordia africana. The highest (P<0.05) metabolisable energy (ME) value was for Acacia senegal, Vernonia amygadalina and Acacia seyal while the lowest (P<0.05) was for Cordia africana. Short chained fatty acid (SCFA) was highest for Acacia seyal and lowest for Cordia africana. Crude protein (CP) was highest (P<0.05) for Acacia senegal and lowest for Acacia seyal. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents were highest for Cordia africana and lowest for Acacia seyal. The rate of gas production (c) and potential gas production (a+b) had positive and significant (P<0.001) correlation with CP and negative correlation with fiber (NDF, ADF) and condensed tannin (CT) contents of browses. All browse species studied had high CP contents, sufficient to be considered as high protein forages that can be used as supplements for low quality roughages. The high potential gas production (a+ b), highest metabolisable energy (ME) and SCFA production of Acacia seyal, coupled with its fastest rate of fermentation (c) would make the browse potential supplement of low quality roughages.


We investigated the effects of organic and inorganic zinc (Zn) supplementation on the morphology of mandibular glands in Apis mellifera L.. We randomly assigned 28 beehives to seven treatment groups (four beehives in each group) as follows: control (no Zn) and Zn organic or inorganic supplementation (25, 50, and 75 ppm organic or inorganic Zn, respectively). The inorganic source was Zn sulfate monohydrate (37% Zn) and the organic source was Zn-methionine (16% Zn), which were diluted in sugar syrup 1:1 (50% water and 50% sugar) and provided to the honey bees for 36 days. The morphology of the mandibular glands collected from 6-day-old nurse honey bees from each group was analysed after sectioning and visualizing the sections under a microscope. The results were compared using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. The area of the mandibular glands increased significantly in the treatments containing the organic Zn source and was higher in the 75 ppm treatment. The results from the inorganic Zn sources of 25 and 50 ppm were similar to those of the control; however, the 75 ppm treatment showed the worst glands development. Therefore, organic Zn supplementation in the feeding of honey bees, in the concentrations used in this study, positively modulated development of the mandibular glands.


I put forward a supposition in this thesis: the times of teaching tests have influence upon learning result. After having experienced twice in the teaching process, I compare the different learning results of two classes of students who have had different times of learning tests and they are all in the same grade. I apply the knowledge of mathematical and theoretical statistics, suppose and examine, hence, judge the influence of the times of tests upon learning result.


Preparation of regional input-output tables requires statistical methods combined with high costs and too much time. Obtained estimates by non-statistical methods have low confidence coefficient. Therefore, integrated methods for this purpose are suggested by recent input – output studies. In this study, first GRIT method is introduced as an appropriate integrated method for preparation of input output table of Fars province. Next, input output table is prepared for Fars province using this method.Therefore, this study is based on input output table of national economy in 2001. Necessary modifications performed in the field of changes at level of prices and differences of regional trade compared with other areas at national level. Moreover, up to date statistics and information and technical experts view on the various economic sectors along with input output table 33 was used in 2011 followed by investigation of general structure of the province economy based on the amounts of added value obtained from this table. Keywords—grit, Inputoutput , table. Regional,


This technical paper evaluates de-emulsification and rheological verification of Nigerian light crude oil emulsion viscosity using statistic model. The light crude oil which is paraffin base, of low wax content was emulsified with brine solution to obtain stable emulsion before deemulsification with heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate. The measurements of the viscosity of the emulsion before and after water separation were carried out using rotational viscometer. Model prediction coefficients of emulsion viscosity, using shear stress and concentrations relationship was established by application of statistical analysis of statistic software version (6). The graphs of observed data versus predicted, shear stress and shear rate data, measured values and predicted values were plotted respectively and 99.954% was obtained as correlation co-efficient. Also, from statistical analysis modeling, the flow behavior index of light crude oil emulsion viscosity is 0.99701, which is approximately 1, which shows the Newtonian fluid behavior.


The present invention is a mobile communication relates to a terminal input device and method, a conventional mobile communication terminal input apparatus and method is the mostly used for switched reliability a malfunction occurs due to the physical deformation and foreign objects entering the switch structure according to the prolonged use of frequent is low and this can implement the user interface is a small amount of the selected feature service information available in a menu system and is limited to sequential selection scheme screen is inconvenience. Although according to the control unit and the display performance of a conventional mobile communication terminal is improved but power enough to give provide a graphical user interface similar to the variety of interfaces, in particular window interface, user input means for using it are not utilize it because it depends on the switching method this was not a problem. The present invention considering the above problems is identify the device moves by using the geomagnetic sensor, by using an accelerometer to correct for speed and degree of motion graphical user interface and the physical positioning of the various application functions using the mobile terminal the application of the graphic user interface can provide a lot of features in a small area effectively by enabling you to select the direction instead of typing it possible and there is an effect that can significantly improve the user friendliness of the input from the various application functions.


At various pressure and temperatures within the limits of quantum-field chemistry and thermo field dynamics the computer model of calculation of a multistructural structure of the condensed state of water and an amorphous ice is offered. In work features of power barriers of capture and transport in cellular multistructures of water for cautions H3O+, H5O2+, and also for go-ahead carry of a proton are studied. Some results of modeling and calculation of power barriers of capture and transport of molecules CH4 and H2 in cellular multistructures of an amorphous ice allow to interpret known experimental proofs of an opportunity of storage of these molecules of hydrogen fuel in the amorphous phases of ice received at low temperatures and high pressures. It is drawn a conclusion that the supercooled and glassy ice provides storage and exchange of molecules of methane, but not molecules of hydrogen.


OBJECTIVE To explore the full access security management of disposable sterile medical articles. METHODS Making systematic and standard full access security management during all the course of purchasing, providing, disposing the sterile medical articles. RESULTS The unqualified disposable medical products were prohibited to enter our hospital after one year's full access quality supervision, The recircle rate was 98%and degorating rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS The full access security management of disposable. sterile medical articles meets the demand of hospital infection management standard.


This paper presents the results of low-frequency noise
 (LFN) annoyance tests in laboratory conditions on a model workstation conceptual
 mental work. Group of volunteers: 60 persons (30 women and 30 men) participated
 in the experiment consisting in completing psychological tests in three
 different acoustic conditions. The tests results have shown significant
 differences in subjective assessment of noise annoyance depending on the gender
 and reactivity level of surveyed persons.


that are the strong point of Saunders's presentation. Saunders's astrolabe is more utilitarian than decorative. The transparent plastic tete revolving on the stiff plastic 'mother' offers an obvious advantage over a rete of a solid material. Though less than six inches in diameter (as opposed to Webster's astrolabe, which is over eight), Saunders's astrolabe indicates the positions of 38 stars (versus 22 on Webster's rete), though six of them are completely obscured by the rule. The limitation of Saunders's design, however, is that there is only one plate, for the latitude of Greenwich, whereas there are four tympans snugly fitted into Webster's 'mother', with plates for two more latitudes in the booklet. The material in Saunders's booklet could have been better organized and presented much more effectively. The emphasis is on the astrolabe as an instrument that is still useful, not as an object of beauty or of historical interest. The descriptions of stereographic projection and of the construction of an astrolabe are not sufficient for a complete appreciation of the ingenuity of the instrument, but by working through the examples, the reader obtains a reasonably good understanding of how to use it. An extremely lucid treatment of all aspects of the astrolabe-history, artistic style, 'use, construction, the mathematics of stereographic projection-s-can be found in John North's recent article "The Astrolabe" (Scientific American, Jan. 1974, vol. ccxxx, no. 1). In particular, North explains not only how an astrolabe is made and how it works, but why this particular construction made such eminent good sense. The combination of North's description with an actual model to hold in one's hands provides an excellent source of understanding and appreciation of this elegant instrument.


Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males in the UK, with around 47,100 cases diagnosed in 2015 (1) . There is relatively high variation in incidence rates worldwide (2) , suggesting that differences in exposure to environmental factors, such as diet, may play a role in prostate cancer development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the association between meat intake and prostate cancer risk in UK Biobank. We studied 215,000 men from the UK Biobank study who were aged 40 – 69 years and free from cancer at baseline. Participants provided their frequency of consumption of processed meat, red meat and poultry via a touch screen questionnaire at the assessment centre (3) . Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % con fi dence intervals (CIs) (4) . During a median of 5 · 6 years of follow-up, 4,562 participants were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Compared with men who reported consumption of red meat less than once a week, those who consumed red meat 3 or more times per week had a signi fi cantly higher prostate cancer risk (HR = 1 · 23; 95 % CI = 1 · 07 – 1 · 43). No associations were observed between total meat, processed meat or poultry intake and prostate cancer risk (table 1). In these preliminary analyses from UK Biobank total meat consumption not associated with risk of prostate cancer, but there was some evidence that higher consumption of red meat was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Future research will examine associations by tumour characteristics.


Information on the status and changing trends in environmental quality is necessary to formulate sound public policy and efficient implementation of environmental pollution abatement programs. In this quest, air and water quality indices are computed using US-EPA and US-NSF proposed methods for local and regional air/water quality management in many metro cities of the world, respectively. The procedure in vogue in the computation of these indices, however, does not include expert's knowledge. We believe that the development of a method to quantify association between the pollutant and air/water borne diseases is an important step before classifying air/water quality. There exists aleatory uncertainty in the pollution parametric data and epistemic uncertainty in describing the pollutants by the domain experts in linguistic terms such as poor, good, very good, etc. Successes of probability theory have high visibility. But what is not widely not recognized is that these successes mask a fundamental limitation-the inability to operate on what may be called perception—based information. Fuzzy logic based formalism presented in this paper can model the two types of uncertainties, thereby straightway describing air/water quality in linguistic terms with a degree of certainty attached to each term.


The CHO rht PA engineering cell strain 4B 3 and its mutant F 48 were cultured in the 3 L roller bottles with 10% serum Dulbecco′s modified Eagle medium(DMEM). rht PA and its mutants were purified by Lys Sepharose 4B and zinc chelate Sepharose 4B affinity chromotography respectively, from the cell culture supernatants after 24 hours incubation. The rht PA product had a specific activity of about 2 5×10 5 IU/mg protein with an overall activity recovery of 73%. The specific activity of purified mutant was 5 9×10 5 IU/mg protein with an overall activity recovery of 69%. The purified products showed either a single peak or a single band by chromatography and SDS PAGE. The purity was over 98% measured by UV absorption method.


We describe a method and present the results of the measurements of spectral change of stored ultra-cold neutrons and the sub-barrier neutron up-scattering from solid surfaces to the energy range higher than the boundary energy of the sample. The method consists in measuring the neutron absorption curves as a function of UCN storage time and the thickness of the absorbers. The quasi-elastic and inelastic UCN up-scattering probability is determined at room temperature. The neutron spectra are inferred in monochromatic and more detailed approximations.


UK Culture Minister John Whittingdale just launched a public consultation on the Government's Green Paper on the BBC Charter Renewal. LSE's Damian Tambini gives his initial response, voicing concern about the implications of the government's vision for the BBC's independence.


Background Little attention has been paid to the psychosocial challenges of adult patients with epilepsy and their carers in Africa in published studies conducted between 1994 and 2014 – yet these psychosocial challenges have been reported to have a major impact on the quality of life (QOL) of people living with the illness and those who care for them. Aim This review aimed to examine the literature on published studies conducted in Africa between 1994 and 2014 that examined psychosocial challenges of adult people with epilepsy and their carers. The aim was to examine the kind of psychosocial challenges from published evidence and to identify gaps in current knowledge. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Africa Wide, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PASCAL, SABINET and Google Scholar databases and hand searches of Epilepsy & Behavior, Epilepsia, South African Medical Journal, African Journal of Disability and African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine were reviewed. Results Very few studies in Africa have examined psychosocial challenges affecting the adult patients with epilepsy and their carers. This review reported the existence of evidence of such challenges and the insights into the psychosocial and economic factors that underpin them. There is evidence that where these have been addressed, there were valuable insights on the types of psychosocial, socio-cultural and socio-economic challenges. Collaborative empowering interventions are needed to enable the attainment of good QOL for those affected. Conclusion Research on psychosocial challenges of adult patients with epilepsy and their carers from different sectors of healthcare to inform the design of appropriate models is needed.


This paper starts with the important meaning of logistics management professional training,deeply analyzes the existing main problems of logistics management professional training model at vocational college,and conducts innovative research for logistics management professional training model at vocational college.


Aim. Study cytotoxic effect of Yersinia pestis strains with various degree of virulence on leukocytes of whole defibrinated human blood. Materials and methods. 15 strains of Y. pestis were used in the study. DNA histograms were registered using flow cytofluorimeter. Results. Possibility of using cytotoxicity to differentiate Y. pestis into virulent and avirulent w f as experimentally proven. The data obtained was comparable with LD 5 o for mice and did not contradict molecular-genetic characteristics of the strains. Conclusion. The approach proposed allows to obtain reliable results and is perspective for evaluation of virulence for Y. pestis strains.


Relaxation kinetics of photoexcitation in a blue-phase polydiacetylene has been investigated by difference absorption spectroscopy with extremely high time- and energy-resolution using broadband sub-$5\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{fs}$ optical pulses. One-fs-step tracking of an induced emission peak has enabled us to separate the vibrational dynamics during geometrical relaxation and internal conversion into modulations of transition-peak energy and transition probability. The peak energy shows redshift of about $60\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ and the instantaneous frequency of the ``$\mathrm{C}\mathrm{C}$'' stretching mode is positively ``chirped'' starting from $1600\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ $(21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs})$ and ending in $2100\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ $(16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs})$. This positive chirp indicates a huge dynamic structural change from ${(\mathrm{C}R\mathit{C}\mathit{C}\mathrm{C}{R}^{\ensuremath{'}})}_{n}$\char21{}like to ${(\mathrm{C}R\mathrm{C}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{C}{R}^{\ensuremath{'}})}_{n}$\char21{}like structured bonds in the polymer backbone during the internal conversion process within $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$. This corresponds to the reduction of the bond length from $1.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ to $1.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ by about $0.13\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$, which was estimated from the bond lengths in literatures determined by the x-ray analysis for several polydiacetylenes.


Transparent, ultrathin Pt electrodes permit the simultaneous electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation of self-assembled monolayers of electrochromic compounds. Voltage stimulations applied to the Pt substrate reversibly alter the redox state of the chemisorbed molecules and, hence, modulate the intensity of the light transmitted through the Pt/monolayer assembly.


Access to formal banking is spreading across the world. Obtaining a bank account may transform how people manage their finances, and affect their savings and consumption. We report from a field experiment that randomly provides access to a bank account to a representative sample of villagers in rural India. The treated keep relatively important savings on their account, but reduce their other savings by a similar amount. Their household's overall savings and expenditures do not change. We identify several barriers that may constraint total savings.


This thesis investigates the Staffordshire County Territorial Force Association between the formation of the Territorial Force [TF] in 1908 and the end of direct enlistment to the TF in December 1915. It assesses the record of the Association in its efforts to recruit and retain soldiers for the Territorial Force. Particular attention is given to the attitudes of employers in the county towards the Force. The responses of the County Territorial Force Association to wartime recruiting conditions are also evaluated. The social background of officers and men recruited to the Territorial Force is examined. The findings from this case study are compared with previous research on the recruitment and social composition of Territorial Force units in other parts of the country to determine if Staffordshire followed the general pattern.


by Japan Otological Society (JOS). Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study and performed in a tertiary referral and academic center. The series comprised 87 patients with attic cholesteatoma who underwent surgical treatment by a single surgeon between 1994 and 1999. The 10-year disease-free rate of attic cholesteatoma based on the JOS staging system was calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: The 10-year disease-free rate of attic cholesteatoma was 81.4% overall, 100% in Stage I, 75.4% in Stage II and 90.9% in Stage III. Conclusion: The JOS staging system reflected the prognosis of cholesteatoma to some extent. However, further discussion is necessary to expand the use of this staging system. The development of a common international staging system for cholesteatoma in the future is desirable.


With the increasing adoption of robots across industries, it is crucial to focus on developing advanced algorithms that enable robots to anticipate, comprehend, and plan their actions effectively in collaboration with humans. We introduce the Robot Autonomous Motion (RoAM) video dataset, which is collected with a custom-made turtlebot3 Burger robot in a variety of indoor environments recording various human motions from the robot's ego-vision. The dataset also includes synchronized records of the LiDAR scan and all control actions taken by the robot as it navigates around static and moving human agents. The unique dataset provides an opportunity to develop and benchmark new visual prediction frameworks that can predict future image frames based on the action taken by the recording agent in partially observable scenarios or cases where the imaging sensor is mounted on a moving platform. We have benchmarked the dataset on our novel deep visual prediction framework called ACPNet where the approximated future image frames are also conditioned on action taken by the robot and demonstrated its potential for incorporating robot dynamics into the video prediction paradigm for mobile robotics and autonomous navigation research.


Metropoltan Counties Branch: Ohelsea Division ... ... 213 VACANCIE AND APPOINTMI TB 219 to Marylebone Division... ... 214 VCNISADAPITET . . ~ 1 to Walthamstow Division ... 215 BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS .. 219 North of England Branch: North Northumberland Division ... 215 Staffordshire Branch ... ... ... 215 PUBLISHERS' ANNOUNCEMENTS .. ... ... 219 Ulster Branch: Portadown and West Down Division ... 216 RECENT PUBLICATIONS .. 220


Abstract Runoff and soil losses caused by natural rainfall events were monitored over a 10-year observation period in three experimental vineyard plots located in Alto Monferrato, a vine-growing area in Piedmont (NW Italy). The plots are characterized by a slope of about 15% and a soil classified as Typic Ustorthents, fine-loamy, mixed, calcareous, mesic. Each of them was managed with a different inter-row soil management practice: conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and controlled grass cover (GC), respectively. The rainfall characteristics, runoff discharge and concentration of soil in the water were measured. More than 150 rainfall events producing runoff and 63 erosive events were recorded. The data set was elaborated to investigate the relationships between runoff and soil losses with rainfall amount, duration and intensity, and to evaluate the effects of soil management methods. The amounts of water and soil that ran off the vineyard in the study period varied according to the season, rainfall characteristics and soil surface conditions. The highest soil losses were observed for tilled plots, with values of 111.5 and 207.7 Mg ha−1 in the CT and RT plots, and only 25.6 Mg ha−1 for GC treatment. The worst soil management practice was found to be the RT, whereas the GC was able to reduce soil lost from inter-rows in every season of the year, reaching the best effectiveness in summer (reduction greater than 90%). In addition, GC reduced runoff by 35% compared with the CT plot, showing a greater performance in summer and losing efficacy in autumn. A lower runoff reduction of 11% was observed in RT.


CuO/β-Ga2O3 hybrid structures with β-Ga2O3 nanorods coated with CuO nanoparticle layers were successfully synthesized by a multi-cycle dipping and annealing process method. Compared with bare β-Ga2O3 nanorods, the CuO/β-Ga2O3 hybrid structures had greatly enhanced and dramatically broadened responses to light in the range from the near-ultraviolet to visible light. This novel synthetic pathway will provide new possibilities to prepare nanomaterials that integrate oxide heterojunctions for photodetection applications.


The new World Health Organization classification of endocrine tumors will include many updates on thyroid pathology. This summary highlights the changes that are most relevant for cytopathologists.


Micturition is clinically well-known as a factor that may cause hypotension, bradycardia, and if severe, syncope. However, the mechanism of syncope during micturition is not completely understood. Vasodilatation, bradycardia, and reflex car diovascular depression are all called by various terms including vasovagal syncope, Bazold-Jarisch reflex, and neurocardiogenic syncope [1]. The neurally-mediated syncope includes true and situational syncope that can take place in various situations such as blood loss, cough, sneeze, micturition and lifting up a heavy load. A case of a 71 year-old man under combined spinal epidural anesthesia for total knee replacement, in which the operation were performed without knowing that a Foley catheter installed had been obstructed, and severe bradycardia, hypotension, and loss of consciousness occurred immediately after moving the pa tient to the recovery room following micturition were described. The patient had a history of syncope. Preoperative cardiac test was normal. At the operation room, heart rate and blood pressure were 70 /min and 170/90 mmHg. Beginning with the sufficient administration of fluid, the regional anesthesia was performed and the sensory block was verified up to the T4 der matome. A forced air warmer was used to maintain the body temperature. At the end of operation, 8 ml of 0.15% levobupivacaine was injected through the epidural catheter, and then a mixture of anesthetics was continuously injected. Intraoperative systolic blood pressure were ranged from 110 to 190 mmHg, diastolic pressure 65 to 105 mmHg, heart rate 52 to 70 /min, and estimated blood loss was approximately 500 ml. Although the total amount of fluid was approximately 1,000 ml, no urine out put was observed. Just before leaving the operation room, it was found that the tip of the Foley catheter was obstructed. When the catheter was opened, about 700 ml of urine was discharged. At that time, the vital signs were normal and consciousness clear. Finding that the sensory block level had come down to the T12 dermatome, the patient was moved to the recovery room. Immediately after arriving at the recovery room, the heart rate was drastically reduced from 70 /min to 30 /min or below, the blood pressure was 50/30 mmHg, and consciousness was lost. Promptly, 0.5 mg of atropine sulfate and 10 mg of ephedrine were administered, and the patient-controlled epidural anal gesia (PCEA) was stopped. Following the treatment, the heart rate recovered to 60 /min and the blood pressure to 110/80 mmHg, and subsequently, the consciousness of the patient was recovered. While the patient remained in the recovery room, no abnormal findings were observed. Micturition syncope was con firmed that head-tilt test done after the operation was positive. The main causes of consciousness loss when awakening from anesthesia include metabolic anomalies such as hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypoxia and severe cardiovascular collapse. However, based on the fact that the patient had no findings of cardiac abnormalities, the patient in this case might have experienced reflex micturition syncope. Micturition syncope is one type of situational syncope that occurs due to neural mediation, and usually occurs in healthy men after alcohol hyperingestion [2]. Sumiyoshi et al. [2] mentioned sleeping under warm blankets and administration of a vasodilator can be factors that cause a reduction in the peripheral arterial blood resistance in the lower extremities and reported that the Valsalva maneuver is a factor


in particular to the Godly Rule which had been established after the overthrow of Charles Stuart. Yet in all other respects, Cromwell's attitude to Scotland and Ireland differed fundamentally; and successive chapters on Cromwell and religion (J. C. Davis), the godly nation (Anthony Fletcher), and English political thought (Johann Sommerville) elaborate on why that should be. There is in fact some overlap between the book's chapters, but it all adds up to a convincing portrait, and the most reliable survey presently available, of a man who is at once very familiar and also an enigma because we know so little about his private thoughts. Cromwell is here characterized, in what for Irish historians are quite revisionist terms, as "a manic depressive who was usually manic" (p. 10), with a fiery temper; a divine-right revolutionary who, in an age of ambition, was personally unambitious but had a typically providential outlook, and for whom means were always subordinated to ends, which were building Christ's kingdom within the godly nation of England. Although Stevenson's chapter adds little beyond the comparisons to the standard works on Cromwellian Ireland, the major difference is that by dealing with the episode in its British context, instead of as an excursus from the main narrative, he makes what happened much more readily intelligible. The Drogheda massacre may be, as both Stevenson and Austin Woolrych point out (pp. 112, 157), not untypical of European warfare of the period; and for Cromwell it was still a "'righteous judgment of God on these barbarous wretches [actually, mainly English royalists1who have imbrued their hands in so much innocent blood'" (p. 158). Yet what emerges here is both how and why Drogheda and Wexford were, in a British context, so untypical, and why they were not repeated in the Cromwellian conquest of Scotland. Thus "foreign interference" forced the Cromwellians too to plan archipelagicly, with the result that the first parliamentary union of the three countries saw Ireland and Scotland represented by thirty members each in the new Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. Nationalist historians have of course ignored these Republican and unionist precedents, not to mention the "modernizing", anti-authoritarian influences stemming from the collapse of censorship and the growth of political and religious radicalism at the "centre", of which they were part and parcel. They have chosen instead to highlight another aspect of these developments, the harsh treatment meted out to the Catholic Old Irish and Old English in sharp contrast with Cromwell's treatment of Scots and English royalists which substantially assisted in the development of an Irish Catholic community alienated from British rule. Yet both aspects ofthese developments, not just the one, were of fundamental importance to the making of modern Ireland. Thus for many aspects of seventeenth-century Ireland, a British perspective, as explored in these three important books, offers new insights to set alongside, but not in place of, traditional perspectives on the subject. STEVEN G. ELLIS University College, Galway


In 2010,Taiwan's economy showed strong recovery while the international economic climate became warm.Taiwan's economy has a significant growth in foreign trade,private investment and private consumption.Taiwan's economic growth rate reached 10.82% in 2010,which is the highest in the past 21 years in Taiwan.We argue that Taiwan's economic fluctuations were influenced easily by the international economic cycle fluctuations,which is related with the Taiwan economic structure.With the steady development of Cross-strait relations,and the implementation of ECFA especially,Taiwan's economy will recover furtherly.Taiwan's economy in 2011 is expected to enter a steady growth track.


Risk analysis and assessment of toxic effects are important elements to be considered in the development of renewable fuels, such as CO2-based fuels made from CO2, water, and renewable energy. However, the successful introduction of CO2-based fuels could also be affected by public concerns about possible risks and adverse effects on health and the environment. In order to examine risk perceptions of laypeople for CO2-based fuels and to understand if they can act as a barrier for the public acceptance of these fuels, we carried out an online survey with German laypeople. A special focus was placed on perceptions of toxic effects such as beliefs about exposure pathways and resulting health impacts, but also on participants' openness towards CO2-based fuels. Results showed that CO2-based fuels were seen as an acceptable and beneficial technology and risks were perceived to be low. By tendency, lower risk perceptions were related to a higher acceptance of CO2-based fuels. The overall risk judgment was impacted by fears about toxic effects, concerns about environmental pollution, and the perceived general harmfulness of CO2-based fuels. The general openness towards CO2-based fuels was revealed to affect risk perceptions and beliefs about toxic effects: A higher openness towards the topic was linked to less severe concerns about CO2-based fuels. The findings from this study provide valuable insights on how to develop communication concepts to inform laypeople about possible risks and benefits of CO2-based fuels to address their concerns and information demands and give them a better understanding of the effects of toxic substances on different risk targets.


Distant metastasis is one of the main obstacles to cancer treatment. Overexpression of S1PR1 in malignant tumors enhances cell invasion and migration activity, mediates EMT and induces lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis via activation of its downstream signaling pathways, eventually results in the occurrence of tumor metastasis. S1PR1 is also closely related to generation of acquired radiotherapy resistance. This article discusses the roles of S1PR1 in tumor metastasis and radiotherapy resistance.

Key words:
S1PR1; Metastasis; Radiotherapy resistance


Motivated by the promise of Internet-based crowd voting as a low-cost and scalable way of selecting the best candidates, we compare the results of crowd voting and expert rating in a crowdsourcing site where the two selection mechanisms are used to independently select best user-generated advertisements for corporate clients. Through a series of studies, we find a weak agreement between the two selection mechanisms, which motivates us to explore factors that contribute to such a disparity. Our analyses point to four drivers of disparity, namely, (a) difference in selector expertise, (b) herding among crowd voters, (c) incomplete evaluation by voters, and (d) social favoritism among voters. We further show in a randomized experiment that crowd voting is inferior to expert rating based on consumer evaluation of entries selected by the two selection mechanisms. However, we find crowd voting has advantages in attracting more participants, especially inexperienced ones. To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of crowd voting and expert rating in real-world contests. Our findings hold rich design implications and contribute to literature on selection mechanisms, crowd voting, and crowdsourcing contests.


Abstract Sixty-three samples of cervical secretion collected from fifty gynaecological outpatients after abortion or delivery and fifty-eight milk specimens from fifty-seven lately confined women were examined cytologically and virologically. Cytomegalovirus was recovered from one sample each of milk and uterine discharge, while inclusion-bearing enlarged cells were detected in one specimen of cervical secretion only. Thus, the endometrium and the mammary glands may constitute sites of virus multiplication during pregnancy, facilitating intrauterine infection of the foetus and postnatal contamination of the offspring. Cytomegalovirus infection may cause in pregnant women endometritis leading to abortion.


Texture evolution is studied by EBSD in Mg–9Gd–4Y–0.4Zr (GW94), Mg–5Gd–4Y–0.4Zr (GW54), and Mg–5Gd–0.4Zr (GW50) alloys after processing with two extrusion‐ratios of 19:1 and 8:1. While the alloys show common extrusion textures at the low extrusion‐ratio of 8:1, an unusual extrusion texture is observed in the GW94 alloy at the high extrusion‐ratio of 19:1 with the (0001) basal planes aligned perpendicular to the extrusion axis. This unusual texture decreases at lower extrusion‐ratios and/or lower alloy contents. It is proposed that rare‐earth (RE) elements modify the texture by retarding recrystallization in solute drag effects on grain boundaries and pinning effects of RE‐rich precipitates.


We show that extraction of energy in the form of a train of subnanosecond pulses from a discharge-pumped KrF excimer amplifier is an efficient means of enhancing the intensity of the laser radiation. The effect of interpulse time separation and pulse width are investigated experimentally. Intensity enhancements of up to 7x above steady-state, with extraction efficiencies in excess of 60% of the steady-state value, were obtained by amplifying a train of 0.4-nsec full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) pulses separated by 5 nsec.


We consider the process {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}{ital N}{sub 1}{ital N}{sub 2}, where {ital N}{sub 1} and {ital N}{sub 2} are heavy Majorana particles, with relative {ital CP} given by {eta}{sub {ital CP}}=+1 or {minus}1, decaying subsequently via {ital N}{sub 1},{ital N}{sub 2}{r_arrow}{ital W}{sup {plus_minus}}{ital e}{sup {minus_plus}}. We derive the energy and angle correlation of the dilepton final state, both for like-sign ({ital e}{sup {minus_plus}}{ital e}{sup {minus_plus}}) and unlike-sign ({ital e}{sup {minus}}{ital e}{sup +}) configurations. Interesting differences are found between the cases {eta}{sub {ital CP}}=+1 and {minus}1. The characteristics of unlike-sign {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} dileptons originating from a Majorana pair {ital N}{sub 1}{ital N}{sub 2} are contrasted with those arising from the reaction {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}{ital N{bar N}}{r_arrow}{ital W}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}}{ital W}{sup {minus}}{ital e}{sup +}, where {ital N{bar N}} is a Dirac particle-antiparticle pair. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Contents 1 Introduction 2 Dispute resolution in traditional and contemporary Aboriginal society 3 Socio-economic factors within the Aboriginal community 4 Aboriginal people and the court system: a brief overview 5 Alternative dispute resolution as an option 6 Implementation of alternative structures for dispute resolution 7 Implications for greater autonomy in Aboriginal communities 8 Conclusion


Preface Charged Hybrid Membranes by the Sol-gel Approach: Present States and Future Perspectives (Cuiming Wu et al., University of Science and Technology of China) Room-Temperature Solid-State Reaction that induces Structural Reconstruction of Covalent Oxide Framework (Kazuo Eda et al., Kobe University, Japan) Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Rare-Earth Iron and Manganese Oxide Systems (Kenji Yoshi, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, and Naoshi Ikeda, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute) The Structure of Metal Oxides Assembled Inside the Channels of Zeolites (Bin Li et al., Guangxi University, China) The Synthesis of Zeolites in Alkaline Media with Fluoride Anions (Xiaolan Qi et al., Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, China) Study of the Photoluminescence SrMoO4 Powders Synthesised by Complex Polymerisation Method (CPM) (Ana Paula de Azevedo Marques et al., Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) Effect of Preparation Parameters on the Physical-Chemical Properties of La1-xMxBO3 Perovskite-Like Catalysts: An EPR Approach (C. Oliva Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy) Index.


For many different investigative purposes, trees and forests are aerially scanned using light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Often, this also requires the manual measurement of ground reference (GR) plots within the LiDAR scan. Upon analysis, there is regularly a mismatch between the alignment of GR and LiDAR tree locations, crown areas and tree heights. This anomaly is frequently overlooked and under-reported in the current literature. This study investigates the suitability of match pairing algorithms for the quantification of misalignment errors between two datasets representing GR and LiDAR data, and recommends an algorithm for accurately quantifying match-pairing differences.


【Objective】Effects of temperature regulation on dormancy,bud differentiation,flowering and visual quality of Curcuma kwangsiensis var.nanlingensis N.Liu et X.Y.Ma during storage,germination and hydroponics were studied,which can provide guidance for production and especially early spring forcing culture.【Method】 Treatment of temperature combined with time during storage and germination,Quality index of rhizomes were measured.Appearance and anatomic morphology of bud differentiation at different developing stages were observed.【Result】 The results showed: Curcuma kwangsiensis var.nanlingensis N.Liu et X.Y.Ma rhizomes had completed dormancy in the shortest time by storaging at 15℃ for 30 d,but flowering percentage would decreased if the storage time exceed 60 d.Rhizomes accelerated germination for 10-30 d at 25-30℃ after storage could induce bud differentiation,improve flowering percentage and significantly reduce days to flowering and leaf opening in hydroponics.Especially rhizomes accelerated germination for 30 d at 30℃ after 50 days of storage at 15℃,the flowering percentage achieved 92% and bloomed in full during the Chinese Spring Festival.The rhizomes at stage 1 entered into initial differentiation phase could not flower in normal temperature.Rhizomes at stage 2 entered into inflorescence and bract primordium differentiation phase.Rhizomes at stage 3 entered into flower primordium differentiation phase.The flowering percentage at stages 2 and 3 were 50% and 66%,respectively.Rhizomes at stage 4 entered into flower organ differentiation phase and had unreversible flower bud.The flowering percentage at stage 4 was 100%.【Conclusion】 Rhizomes storage could decrease dormancy time.High temperature could induce bud differentiation.When rhizomes carried to market after rhizomes cultured in hydroponics at 30℃ until stage 4,it will attain a good ornamental quality and flowering in early Spring.


Described the sol-gel synthesis,such as lithium cobalt oxides,lithium nickel oxides,lithium manganese oxides,layered multi-element composite oxides and lithium iron phosphate.Especially,the different elements doping to improve the reversible capacity and cycle property are discussed.Some problems about the preparation of ca-thode materials by sol-gel methods and further directions are pointed out.


The work have been carried out in two consecutive phases. Firstly the four wooden nave forms were sustituted by overdimensioned iron lattice girders that entered the aisles and ended in a capping hoop thus allowing the absorption of the pushes from the vaults that were ruining the church fabric. Besides a careful impermeabilization of both nave and aisles roof was undertaken.
The second phase included the restoration of pases and sacristies roofs to their original configurations, both with a re-pointing of the tower's ashlers and a reopening of blinded windows in his intermediate volume. The ruined capping body made of bricks was substituted by another made of ashlers. New windows were designed according to the existent buttress and following the double arch configuration of the reopened ones.


Luzi Yuan lead and zinc polymetallic deposit is located at Zhenkang anticlinorium which is on the south section of baoshan block. Four main mineralized zones are included in this area, namely I, II, III and V. Among them, II-V1, II-V3 and III-V5 in NO II mineralized zone contain the main orebodies. Througn research the author believes that the deposit shows obvious mineralization alteration zonality from deep to superficial part. It appears that the orebodies are controlled by faulted structure and occur as banded, stratified, stratoid and veined in form along faut fractured zone in the trend of northeast. The analysis and summary of characteristics of mineralization and associated elemengts in this area in this paper provided basis for future prospecting works.


Agricultural water conservation statutes are emerging in the West encouraging private irrigators to improve on-farm irrigation efficiency as a basinwide conservation measure. We investigate whether private improvements promote the economic efficiency and conservation of water use basinwide under a wide variety of hydroeconomic circumstances. The standard of efficiency is how an irrigation district manager should optimally invest in improving the irrigation efficiencies of individual farms located along a stream while internalizing intrabasin allocative externalities of these investments. The results indicate that the popular Oregon legislative model may be the least effective in conserving water and promoting economically efficient water allocation.© 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Dialysis patients are at increased risk of severe COVID‐19 infection making vaccination a priority. We explored COVID‐19 vaccine uptake and perceptions in our dialysis population, associated COVID‐19 infection, and hospitalization rates.


Spinels have many properties that make them useful as a refractory material, including a high melting point, resistance to reaction and reduction of penetration.


In Jordan as well as in most countries, many concrete structures are becoming old. The question of whether they are safe to be utilized by people or is it feasible to spend money to rehabilitate them, requires conducting a quality survey to assess the integrity of all critical structural items without undermining the safety of the structures. Moreover the nondestructive testing is beneficial for the quality control of new constructions. One of the most effective and least expensive techniques is using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), utilizing Pulse ultrasonic nondestructive indicator tester (Pundit) a simple non-destructive testing device – that is used to assess the integrity of the structures without causing any damage. Thus the aim of this study is to give forth a mathematical relationship that relates UPV with standard concrete cube crushing strength ( cu f ) in a


A new hematology analyzer, the XE-2100 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), was evaluated for performance in the core laboratory of a multiple-hospital system. Complete blood count performance was evaluated in comparison to the SE-9000 (Sysmex). Differential performance was evaluated according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) document H20-A 1. Precision, carryover, correlation, and linearity studies all showed excellent results. Stability studies showed no significant change in differential parameters for a period of 68 hours at both refrigerated and room temperatures. It appears that the stability of the automated differential on the XE-2100 now exceeds the stability of red blood cell size parameters that were stable for 36 hours when refrigerated. Results comparing the XE-2100 automated differential with the 400-cell manual differential were very good. The new nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) measurement showed excellent precision and linearity. Correlation with manually enumerated NRBCs exceeded acceptable statistical standards. The evaluation led to the conclusion that the XE-2100 is an accurate and precise high-speed analyzer. Lab Hematol. 2000;6:83-92.


This paper investigates analytically the performance of MZI sensor for acoustic detection in terms of light power, fiber characteristic and detectable acoustically/induced phase in the terms of output current at the photomultiplier tube (PMT). In this paper, pressure of 4.7*10Pascal shows the change in the effective length 0.15 meter of fiber and change in the phase of the light path is 6.5*10 Radian and output current has been observed for borosilicate crown glass is 1.68*10^-19 Ampere at pressure of 2.5Mpa.


This paper analyses legal interpretation in Private International Law. It focuseson the legal reasoning of Spanish judges when dealing with international disputes ofa private nature, without forgetting that they are also European Union judges. Afterdescribing the reduced scope of Codification in Private International Law, the paperattempts to clarify why interpretation in this area is more complex than in otherlegal domains: international objectives but with basically national means, a PrivateLaw focus and the development of European Union Private International Law aresome of the aspects that will be assessed in order to explain, briefly, the very creativerole of judges in looking for justice in each particular case. Finally, this paper dealswith methods of interpretation in Private International Law as well as the problemsof legal language and translation.


Members of the genus Staphylococcus still represent a topic of great relevance due to thenumerous types of infections they cause in humans and animals [...].


Poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (PPFDA) is incorporated within a sintered mesoporous network of TiO2 nanoparticles via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). iCVD PPFDA grows uniform...


Rail is a critical transport mode for travel in large cities, especially for journeys to and from the CBD. Analysis of travel surveys commonly report aggregate statistics such as mode shares by purpose. These aggregate statistics provide an overview of the level of rail usage, however much more detailed analysis is needed to answer questions such as: • Do the access mode shares to rail vary by distance from the CBD? • What proportion of the total journey distance is by rail? • What proportion of people travel to their nearest station? • How far are people travelling to access their rail station? • What proportion of people who use rail for their outward journeys from home also use rail for their return journey? • Do people use the same mode for access for their outward journey as their egress mode for the return journey? This paper analyses data from the Sydney Household Travel Survey to answer the above questions for rail users in Sydney. Rather than just looking at single estimates the analysis will look at distributions recognising that people have a variety of travel patterns.


Abstract We used reported commercial catch data and historical information to estimate the abundance of Skeena River Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta during the early rise (1916–1919) in the commercial fishery to provide historical perspective for recovery plans. We applied a Bayesian analysis to address the uncertainties associated with the estimation process. Based on the historical catch of 204,000 in 1919 and an estimated harvest rate of 0.32–0.58, the estimated return of Skeena Chum Salmon ranged from 355,000 to 619,000, with the most probable single estimate being 431,000. The estimated return of Chum Salmon based on the 1916–1919 geometric mean catch of 154,000 ranged from 268,000 to 471,000, with the most probable single estimate being 325,000. Our posterior modal historical estimates are 8–11 times larger than the estimates for the contemporary period 1982–2010 and 39–52 times larger than those for the most recent period of 2007–2010. Intense harvest pressure is the single most probable factor expla...


The disparity in racial and ethnic identity between students and teachers highlights the need for successful Latina/os to enter the teaching profession. This study aimed toward understanding the effects of schooling for successful Latina/os. Five beginning bilingual and biliterate Latina teachers were interviewed multiple times regarding their schooling experiences. Our analyses of these data led us to conclude that significant conflicts between home and school discourses were experienced throughout schooling. Participants described strategies of ongoing, sometimes difficult, negotiation between discourses. We contend that dialogue among teachers regarding conflicting discourses can develop critical awareness and systems of mutual support.


The 8th October 2005 Kashmir Earthquake was one the largest earthquakes in Northern Pakistan in its recorded history. It caused an unprecedented level of damage and destruction in Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and the North Western Frontier Province (NWFP). It damaged or collapsed more than 0.6 million buildings - leaving 3.5 million people shelter less as winter approached. A large part of the earthquake-affected area is difficult to access and highly snow-prone, with rugged terrain and scattered settlements. It posed unique challenges and efforts on a massive-scale for reconstruction. For residential buildings, the Pakistan government adopted a house-owner driven approach. The reconstruction policy stated that the government and other agencies would provide equal technical assistance and subsidy to each family, without differentiating between who lost what. To increase capacity in earthquake-resistant construction, large-scale training of artisans, technicians, engineers, and community mobilisers has been conducted. Campaigns to "build back better" have raised awareness in the communities. Local Housing Reconstruction Centres have been established for training, advice, and dissemination of earthquake-resistant technology. This decentralised approach has helped in achieving reconstruction smoothly. This paper will present the authors' first-hand experience in the reconstruction effort, and the opportunities and unique challenges faced.


The important feature of transformers under GIC conditions is local overheating, which can lead to insulation damage if the temperature is too high and thus reduce the life of the transformer. The magnetizing current of the transformer under DC bias will have harmonic components, and the increase of harmonics will lead to local overheating, therefore, transformer losses under DC bias need to be studied. In this paper, based on the international standard IEEE C57.163 of power transformers, combining the circuit model and finite element simulation to calculate the magnetization current and harmonic components of the transformer under GIC conditions. The magnetization current is used as input to simulate the magnetic flux density of the structural components of this transformer and to analyze its loss effects.


Until now, wave hindcasting in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence has been done with one-dimensional models. The objective of the present paper is to verify if the two-dimensional model WAWSP, de...


Handwritten documents recognition is a challenging task in the field of pattern recognition. It has an array of applications wherein recognition of words, alphabets, digits and other characters are the mandate. This review article mainly focuses review on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based handwritten documents recognition system. Basically, the handwritten recognition is divided into two different types: online and offline recognition. The difficulty of this system is dealing with huge variety of handwritten styles written by different writers. The system wants to recognize and identify such characters in effective manner. The scope of this review paper is to represent the merits and limitations of different techniques used in the development of recognition system. This paper definitely helps the researcher to get new idea to develop a new technique with good environment and architecture to propose more accuracy and less error rate. The major bottlenecks in this system are the issues of recognizing unconstrained handwritings like cursive, block, and tilt that cause huge variation in writing styles, the overlapping and the interconnections between characters. These systems are designed to assure high accuracy and reliability. This article summarizes different strategies in handwritten recognition system, which may help the researchers interested in this area to spot the research gap. The Future work of this paper is to implement a robust technique providing more accuracy and less error rate.


SUMMARY Serumsamples from40Danish patients withfamilial polyposis coli and105normal blood donors weretyped foreight Gm andoneKm markers. Thedistribution ofallGm phenotypes asagroupwas significantly different inthepatient population ascompared tothe controls. Examination ofindividual Gm phenotypes showedanincreased frequency ofGm3;5,13 inthepatients.


ABSTRACT The study of the reliability of an ageing structure needs to take account of the time effect. The computation of the cumulative failure probability uses the computation of the outcrossing rate and the use of stochastic processes. Unfortunately, the available data do not always allow a thoroughly characterization of the process. This article presents two methods which compute the outcrossing rate despite a limited information. The first method uses system reliability. The second one uses instantaneous reliability thanks to the decrease of the performance function when the ageing is studied in a time invariant environment. Two examples illustrate the two methods.


SUMMARY China's requirement for energy is increasing in line with its rapidly expandingeconomy. This presents China with the major challenge of providing enough energy tosustain current levels of growth.A Memorandum of Understanding was signed in September 1998 in Beijing toencourage collaboration on the development of clean coal technologies (CCTs).Following this, two China-UK collaborative research projects aimed at addressing SO 2 emissions problems have been carried out as part of the Department of Trade andIndustry's (DTIs) Cleaner Coal Technology Transfer Programme.This report describes a workshop organised to disseminate the experience gained fromoperating the collaborative projects between Chinese and UK organisations and todevelop future collaborative research opportunities in the field of CCT. The workshoptook place directly after the Second International Symposium on Clean CoalTechnology, held in Beijing in November 1999. The workshop was supported by DTIand by the Chinese Government through the China International Centre for Economicand Technical Exchanges (CICETE). The workshop was attended by representativesfrom the DTI, ETSU, UK industry and research organisations/universities. FromChina, CICETE, CCRI, the China Clean Coal Technology Centre, and mining/powerproduction specialists from Zhejiang province, Shanxi province and Shandongprovinces were present.This report describes:a) the organisation of the workshopb) a review of the requirements for CCTs in China and the status of CCT activities inthe UKc) a summary of the findings from the two collaborative projectsd) a discussion of possible areas of CCTs which could form the basis of futurecollaborative research projects.


Based on academic and industrial approach, applying Value Engineering methodology, authors aimed to define the areas where value creation fulfilled by small, medium sized enterprises can function as best gears of innovation and what are the challenges a VE professional shall come accross. To reach that goal experiences of value engineering efforts in 3 Industry 4.0 related projects were analyzed, key findings are presented in the article.