Spectra of rare-earth atoms praseodymium, Z=59, to ytterbium, Z=70, emitted from the high-temperature (1 keV) low-density (${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$) TEXT tokamak (at the Fusion Research Center, University of Texas, Austin) and high-density (${10}^{20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$) laser plasmas have been recorded in the soft-x-ray range of 50--200 \AA{} with an image intensifier detector and on photographic plates. The brightest n=4 to n=4 transitions of galliumlike ions have been identified and their emission patterns have been studied by comparison with ab initio atomic structure calculations and collisional radiative models under the respective plasma conditions. We have investigated the use of the ratios of the intensities of 4-4 transitions as indicators of plasma densities. This is possible owing to the doublet structure of the galliumlike ground state, which leads to a strong density dependence for ratios of transitions between low-lying levels. We have also used semiempirical ionization balance calculations to characterize the charge state distribution of the tokamak plasmas, in preparation for an investigation of the use of ratios of galliumlike to zinclike and copperlike emission features as indicators of whether the impurities are in coronal equilibrium or undergoing ionization.


This paper describes the study, the realization, and the experimentation of an obstacle avoidance module for wheeled mobile robots. The considered obstacles are a priori unknown and unpredicted. They are detected by a set of telemeters and contact sensors. We define obstacle avoidance as a filter of nominal actions generated in order to satisfy a planned mission. So, the mission definition and its success are specified independently of the local safeguard behaviors of the mobile robot. The approaching constraints added to constraints proper to the vehicle'skinematics generate an admissible control set. This freedom of choice permits the use of many control selection strategies in the admissible domain. Two strategy classes are investigated, projection and circumventing ones.


Summary Central precocious puberty (CPP) results from premature re-activation of the gonadotropic axis. CPP is much more common in girls than in boys and is idiopathic in most cases. In boys, precocious puberty is more likely to be linked to hypothalamic lesions (≈40%). Recent studies have implicated the inactivation of MKRN3 gene in 'idiopathic' CPP Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are the standard treatment for progressive CPP.


Bertolt Brecht's epic theory consists of formal and ideological elements. These two elements are indivisible because Epic Theatre represents the changing social and political circumstances with the help of changing dramatic conventions. Both formal and ideological elements are used in Brecht's Alienation Effect to minimize the emotional involvement of the audience. Brecht demanded the audience be intellectually involved with the play so as to receive the social and political messages in the play. Bertolt Brecht was not the first to use the Epic tradition, and to be sure he was not the last. Caryl Churchill, one of the most successful woman playwrights in Britain, is one of the practitioners of Epic Theatre. Churchill is mostly known for her feminist plays, but in her plays -just like Brecht'sshe combines her ideological commitment with theatrical experimentation. In 1990, only months after Ceauşescu had been deposed, Churchill visited Romania with some students from a London theatre school. Their experiences there resulted in her play, Mad Forest. This paper will be an analysis of Churchill's use of the Alienation Effect through Epic conventions in her Mad Forest. Churchill, to avoid the emotional involvement of the audience and to make them aware of the theatricality of what they see, creates the Alienation Effect through her use of setting, plot structure, characterization, and theatrical instruments.


We investigate the critical behavior of pion superfluidity in the frame of functional renormalization group. By solving the flow equation in the SU(2) linear sigma model with pion superfluidity at finite temperature and isospin density, and making comparison with the fixed point analysis of the flow diagram in a general $O(N)$ model at zero temperature and density but with continuous dimension, the pion superfluidity is a second order phase transition subject to a $O(2)$ universality class with a dimension crossover from $d_{\text{eff}}=4$ to $d_{\text{eff}}=3$. The usually used large $N$ expansion gives a temperature independent critical exponent $\beta$ and agrees with the renormalization group only at zero temperature.


This paper analyzes the effect of the armature motion on the force stroke characteristics, the pickup speed, and the interruption performance of the cutout switch of a d-c electromagnet. The analysis of the interruption performance is made for a case where a capacitor is connected across the cutout switch. The same method can be extended to other cases.


Identifying specific weight of verbs in the Armenian grammatical system, semantic diversity, communicative value, and communicative abilities, it is imperative to analyze the semantic grouping of verbs and the connective features of lexical groups, which will contribute to the discovery of lexical meaning and syntactic-conjunctive interrelationships. The purpose of this article is to show the boundaries, features, and linguistic potential of the most diversified collection of verbs in the lexicon-proverbial verbs.
The analysis of verbs denoting 'speaking' in Middle Armenian brings to the conclusion that these verbs possess a common quality - that of telling information. Based upon this fact one can say that there are two subgroups within these verbs: a) single-stream and b) reciprocal verbs denoting speaking. Within the studied verbs, the stylistically neutral verb 'say' which is the most frequently used one due to its polysemy. As a rule, the verbs denoting speaking or other verbs used in the same meaning possess or gain the transitivity with two objects, one of which is presupposed or imposed by the grammatical rank of the verb (direct object) and the second – by the meaning of the verb (indirect object). In other words, the verbs of the studied group take two objects.


A biological assessement was made ofthe radiation exposures received by two healthy adults who were accidentally exposed to a 22 Ci/lg21r source. Each subject had the same number of dicentric chromosome aberrations in short term peripheral blood cultures at both day 8 and day 2 1 after exposure. The frequency of dicentrics for each subject was equivalent to an in vitro dose of 29 rem. The corresponding film badge reading for one subject was 22 rem. Analysis of the results suggests that this method can be used to give a reasonable estimate of low levels of radiation exposure provided that the size of the chromosome sample is adequate.


We analyze fall-apart decays of polyquark (tetra, penta and molecule type) hadrons within the constituent quark picture. For processes in which a polyquark hadron goes to final states containing a light pseudoscalar meson the constraints given by chiral symmetry are implemented. As an application of the approach developed, fall-apart decays of a(980) and X(3872) are studied, assuming these mesons are polyquark hadrons. Two extreme options--confined diquark-diquark states and molecular states--are considered. For a{sup 0}(980), the observed width can be obtained assuming that this meson is a diquark-diquark composite with a relatively large size of around 1 divide 1.5 fm. The pure KK molecular-type state, however, can be excluded. For the X(3872), a sufficiently small width can be obtained if it is a dominantly isospin-0 diquark-diquark composite with a very large size of {>=}2.5 fm. The pure molecular option appears possible if the binding energy is tiny, E{sub b} < or approx. 0.2 MeV, corresponding to a huge size.


Data products generated from Remotely-Sensed Imagery (RSI) are used in many areas, such as climatology, environmental monitoring, land use issues, and disaster management. Processing RSI data can be costly and time consuming. For the researcher, data is typically fully replicated using file-based approaches which then undergo multiple processing steps, often duplicated at many sites. For the provider, data distribution is often tied directly to the data archiving task, focusing on simple, coarse grained offerings. Many RSI instruments transmit data in a continuous or semicontinuous stream, but current techniques in processing do not utilize the streaming nature of the imagery. Recent research on continuous querying of data streams offer alternative processing approaches. In such systems data arrives in multiple, continuous, and time-varying data streams and do not take the form of persistent relations. There is potential benefit in adopting Data Stream Management System (DSMS) techniques for geospatial RSI data, but these systems typically rely on traditional relational models as basis for query processing techniques and architectures. Complex types of stream objects, such as multidimensional data sets or raster image data have not been considered.
The GeoStreams (GeoStreams) project investigates joining these two disciplines. The architecture allows users to formulate queries on continuous streams of RSI data. The outputs of these queries continuously return RSI data products to the user. These streams can be fed into applications to allow a continuous source of new input data from a single stream, or saved to more traditional RSI forms. As the functionality of the RSI DSMS increases, more aspects of the applications can be formulated as part of the queries themselves.
An application focus dealing with real-time weather satellite imagery provides an important and relevant backdrop for the research. A data and query model for streaming imagery is described. New processing strategies for query processing of RSI streams are investigated. Tools for efficient processing are created and a complete system for interfacing with a satellite image stream is developed.


The procedure for estimation of lineartrend cycle and seasonal components and accepts additive model is examined in this study. Estimates of the periodic, seasonal and overall means and variances with error terms and error variances are obtained for additive model. Empirical example based on short series in which trend cycle component is jointly estimated for the linear case is applied to determine suitable model for decomposition of the study series.


The carrier transport model of tunneling oxide in a polysilicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) device has been developed. The model is deduced from WKB approximation, and uses Fermi-Dirac statistics. Using the J-E and accompanied by Arnett's trapping model, the switching behavior of the SONOS device can be predicted in a very wide range of switching times from 1 µs to 0.1 s. The steady-state charge distribution and electric field in Si3N4 are also calculated. From Arnett's fundamental equations of Si3N4, we deduce the steady-state equations which describe the electric field and trapping charges. The trapping parameters and detrapping factor ν are discussed and the results are obtained via computer for different temperatures and stress voltages, which are based on the current measurement of SONOS devices. We find that the detrapping effect is somewhat less dominant compared to the trapping effect in our simulations.


Cut-off walls and caps both may be seriously compromised by small areas of substandard materials or work. Quality assurance/quality control is therefore of crucial importance and the paper sets out the issues that need to be addressed when designing a quality plan for a containment. Consideration is given to the purpose of the containment, the parameters to be controlled, specifications and standards and tests on raw and manufactured materials and on the in-situ containment. It is not the purpose of the paper to give detailed test procedures but rather to identify the questions that must be answered to develop a quality plan.


This paper presents a highly-reliable interlayer dielectric process using a novel CVD method. The key to the process is a unique chemistry of SiH/sub 4/ and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/, which generates a liquid intermediate filling very narrow gaps and providing excellent planarity. Resistances of via-hole chains using this process are lower and more stable compared with those using P-TEOS and SOG process. This is due to a lower water content and a low absorption property of this self-planarizing CVD oxide.<<ETX>>


Theory and evidence suggests that returns to research and
 research and development are currently declining. This paper seeks
 to identify patterns in the use of business research methodologies
 in certain of the latest articles published at the forefront of the
 field of business research innovation, from its leading journal.
 This literature is used to identify the current front line of
 business research methodologies at the forefront of the field.
 Propositions are derived from novel theory, and are critically
 juxtaposed against identified topics and methodologies in these
 articles. In so doing, the conceptual distance of the front line of
 empirical research in the field from the radical front line of
 theory in the broader field is quantified. Methodological
 implications are discussed and recommendations are made for the
 development of a future research agenda.


Arthropod-borne infectious diseases cause many deaths and a major economic burden worldwide. Repellents play an important role in protecting people from infectious biting arthropods. The repellency of veratraldehyde, a known food additive, and the WJ-1041 formulation containing 10% veratraldehyde was tested against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens females and Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs using arm-in-cage, indoor or filter paper tests. Veratraldehyde exhibited repellency similar to or lower than that of n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) against A. albopictus, but in H. longicornis, the activity of veratraldehyde was better than that of DEET. The repellency of the 10% veratraldehyde solution was comparable to that of 20% DEET against the two mosquitoes. When comparing repellency between the WJ-1041 formulation (10% veratraldehyde) and 10% DEET against C. pipiens pallens, A. Albopictus and H. longicornis, the two showed similar repellency and complete protection time (CPT) values. However, there was a small difference depending on the tested insects. The absorption of veratraldehyde via skin was minimal, if at all. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax and Tmax) of veratraldehyde in blood samples of rats were not different from those of the control group. Based on these results, veratraldehyde has high potential to be commercialized as a repellent agent against infectious disease-borne pests in the near future.


In recent years, td research has been buoyed by a tailwind from the internatinal Future Earth research platform which stresses that knowledge for sustainability transformations should be coproduced in transdisciplinary ways. Future Earth is an emerging network on an international as well as on regional and national levels. It tries to push transdisciplinary research by encouraging the research community to implement transdisciplinary approaches and by providing training, as well as through their Knowledge Action Networks (KANs) that are meant to bridge gaps between disciplines and societal actors in sustainability transformations.


Photosupercapacitor is an integrated device for harvesting and storing solar energy into electrical energy. Photosupercapacitor is constructed by solar cell and supercapacitor. In the solar cell with DSSC type, one of the influential variables is photoanode performance. The photoanode with ZnO layer plays a role in light absorption, charge mobility, and electrical properties, which are influenced by crystal structure and nanoscale morphology. One of nanoscale morphology of ZnO that widely used is nanorods. This work is focussed to investigate the effect of annealing temperature on seed layer ZnO to growth nanorods shape in photoanode of photosupercapacitor and its performance. The seed layer ZnO nanoparticle was deposited onto FTO substrate by a screen printing method. The ZnO nanorod was grown by dippin FTO/ZnO in solution (Zinc nitrate, HMT, and DI water) under 100 °C. The photosupercapacitor was constructed by DSSC and ZnO symmetric supercapacitor which integrated by using aluminum foil substrate. The annealing temperature on ZnO nanoparticles affected on increasing crystal size of ZnO seed. All of the samples show ZnO wurtzite phase with the highest peak located on the hkl plane (101), but ZnO nanorod growth to hkl plane (100). The DSSC part efficiency produced around 0.874%. The resulting efficiency of photosupercapacitor is around 0.549%. The annealing temperature causes the value of specific capacitance to decrease, because of decreasing DSSC performance.


Rats were submitted to hypoxia corresponding to 6,000 m altitude for 40—50 days. The total amount of hemoglobin, blood volume and relative blood values had been studied in hypoxia and after transfer to normal oxygen pressure. Total hemoglobin increased during hypoxia by 150—200%, relative blood values by 100%, and blood volume by 25—50%, indicating the increase of oxygen capacity of the blood and the volume of the circulatory system. 30 days after transfer to normal oxygen pressure total hemoglobin, blood volume and relative blood values had returned to normal. Thereafter relative blood values showed a transient decrease, but not the total hemoglobin. Thus the blood volume increased again. Problems in connection with the homoistatic regulation of erythropoiesis have been discussed. The body weight decreased during hypoxia by about 15%. After the period of hypoxia was over the rate of increase in body weight was faster than that of animals of the same order and body weight.


The purpose of the given article is the analysis of the preliminary experiment aimed at the investigation of interrelation of parameters of readiness for self-development and the coping behaviour.


By analyzing of structure,shear strength,soil body compactness,and saturation of the high slope of loess deep cutting in Haihu Road in Xining,and by comparing the soil body physical parameter differences between loading and unloading,the article suggests a method for obtaining the soil body shear strength after unloaded in high slope design.


Results of comparing events detected with two detectors of the Experimental complex NEVOD: PRISMA-32 array and Cherenkov water calorimeter (CWC) NEVOD – are presented. The PRISMA-32 is an array for simultaneous registration of the EAS electron-photon and neutron components. It consists of 32 en-detectors deployed over the area of about 500 m2, along the perimeter of the CWC NEVOD. The CWC NEVOD is a detector of a calorimetric type with a volume of 2000 cubic meters in which the registration system of 91 quasispherical modules (546 FEU-200 photomultipliers) is placed. CWC provides measurement of the intensity of Cherenkov radiation from any direction with practically the same efficiency.


Aims Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with difficulties in social communication and language development, preoccupations, a need for routine, sensory sensitivities and emotional dysregulation. People with autism who have violently offended may be prescribed psychotropic medications to treat comorbidities, or off-license to manage aggressive or challenging behaviours. However, the evidence base for their use remains scarce. Method This was a retrospective audit at Broadmoor Hospital, a high security psychiatric hospital in the United Kingdom, into the safe and appropriate prescribing of psychotropic medicines in those with an ASD compared to guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (CG142): "Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis and management". This first cycle was undertaken during May and June 2020 and included all patients with a confirmed or equivocal diagnosis of ASD in the preceding five years. Result A total of 22 participants were included in this study. Of these, 17 participants had a confirmed diagnosis of ASD and five participants had a suspected diagnosis of ASD, but without formal confirmation with neurocognitive testing. A total of 13 (76.5%) participants with confirmed ASD were prescribed antipsychotic medication, nine of whom had an established comorbid mental disorder with psychotic symptoms. Of the remaining four, three had a diagnosis of a personality disorder. Three participants in this study had a confirmed diagnosis of ASD without any additional comorbid mental health diagnoses. No patients were prescribed psychotropic medicines for the core symptoms of ASD. The specific documentation of off-license use of antipsychotic medicines in those without a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder was poor. This was not recorded in any such participant in the preceding 12 months. Conclusion This audit highlighted that dual diagnoses of ASD alongside non-affective psychosis and personality disorder are over-represented in this high security setting. The NICE clinical guidelines CG142 guidelines state that "antipsychotic medications should only be used for behaviour that challenges if …. the risk to the person or others is very severe". By definition, all patients admitted to high security are deemed to be a grave and imminent risk to the public. Psychotropic medicines may therefore be clinically indicated at a much earlier stage than in community patients, instigated alongside appropriate psychosocial interventions and treatment of comorbid conditions. It may be that catered guidelines need to be formulated to support the safe and appropriate prescribing of psychotropic medicine in forensic settings.


Objective: To investigate if free fatty acid at high concentration can enhance the expression of glucocorticoid receptor isoform α(GRα).Methods: Hepatic cell line L02 were cultured in DMEM medium with low glucose,supplemented with 10% of calf serum,and added with 200 μmol/ml free fatty acid on six-well plates for 72 hours.The cell amount in each well was about 1×105.Cells cultured in same medium but without free fatty acid were as control.The culture medium was replaced every 24 hours during the culture time.The level of GRα mRNA were determined by real-time PCR.Results: After 72 h of culture,the GRα mRNA level produced by cells cultured with high free fatty acid was 1.67 times of that produced by control.Conclusion: High concentration of free fatty acid could up-regulate the expression of GRα in hepatocyte.


We prove a quantitative propagation of chaos and entropic chaos, uniformly in time, for the spatially homogeneous Landau equation in the case of Maxwellian molecules. We improve the results of Fontbona, Guerin and Meleard [9] and Fournier [10] where the propagation of chaos is proved for finite time. Moreover, we prove a quantitative estimate on the rate of convergence to equilibrium uniformly in the number of particles.


Nanoscale patterns are created on silicon !100" surfaces via cathodic electrografting of alkyls. Self-assembled polystyrene micro-spheres on silicon surfaces can serve as dielectric masks. Cathodic potentials are applied to masked substrates in liquid hexynoicacid or phenylacetylene leading to the formation of nanoscale islands with monolayers of covalently bound functional groups onsilicon. Silicon surfaces functionalized with islands of hexynoic acid are demonstrated using a biotin reaction. Cyclic voltammetry,scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy are used to characterize the patterned surfaces. The method providesa facile and high throughput process for spatially defining the local reactions on silicon with nanometer-scale resolution.© 2009 The Electrochemical Society. #DOI: 10.1149/1.3121243$ All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted January 12, 2009; revised manuscript received March 6, 2009. Published April 29, 2009.


Desulfation of seawater before injection is required to control reservoir souring and scale formation. For this task, operators use nanofiltration (NF) membranes in sulfate removal units (SRUs). The tendency of the membranes to foul is a key operational challenge. To overcome fouling, frequent chemical cleaning is required. An additional constraint for SRUs is that the amount of treated water cannot be increased easily as a higher water output results in an even faster fouling of membranes.
 In this paper, we describe a method to enhance permeate flux and fouling resistance of desulfation membranes. The enhancements are achieved by modifying the active layer of commercially available NF membranes using a permanent coating that increases hydrophilicity while retaining the high surface charge characteristic of NF membranes.
 We report the results of a six-month field trial with the coated membranes. The test was executed at the Seawater Desalination Test Facility in Port Hueneme, California using 2.5" dia. membrane modules. The test skid contained two different parallel flow lines with a stack of six coated 2.5" dia. membranes in series, and an uncoated 2.5" membrane for reference.
 The results show a 25% higher permeate flux for the coated membranes compared to the uncoated membrane at the same transmembrane pressure. Sulfate rejection was unchanged for both coated and uncoated membranes during the entire duration of the test. The coated membrane also showed a lower fouling rate than the uncoated membrane. The time between cleaning events increased by ∼ 38 % for the coated membranes as compared to the uncoated membrane, and the coated membrane processed ∼ 63 % more permeate before cleaning was required. Preliminary results also indicate an enhanced chlorine tolerance of the coated membranes of at least 3000 ppm-h under continuous chlorination at ∼ 1 ppm.
 The impact of the coating on the economics of SRU operations will be discussed in the paper. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that performance and operability of SRUs can be significantly enhanced by a newly-developed coating, and that a significant reduction in the lifecycle cost of SRUs can be achieved.


The immunological variation in wild populations and its relation to life-history traits has recently become a central topic in the field of evolutionary biology, considering the critical contribution of immunity to an individual's fitness. A common technique used by ecologists to estimate immunocompetence in wild populations is the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) – skin test. In this test, the degree of local swelling triggered by PHA is usually considered an estimate of T-lymphocyte activity, although there is an ongoing debate regarding this interpretation. Here, we coupled the PHA–skin test with a histological analysis to examine the temporal development of the cell-mediated response in the subterranean rodent Talas tuco-tuco (Ctenomys talarum Thomas, 1898). The inflammation response involved lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages at the site of injection, achieving an increase of total leukocytes from 12 to 48 h after injection. However, the abundance of any of the leukocytes observed did not correlate with the degree of swelling at any time studied, suggesting that caution should be taken when interpreting the results of the PHA-induced swelling response. Particularly, the magnitude of macroscopic swelling should not be considered a priori as indicative of T-lymphocyte activity in wild-caught rodents. Our results highlight the importance of avoiding oversimplified approaches to measuring immu-


In work are considered problems of diffraction of electromagnetic waves by the impedance convex cylinder for two cases : the observation point and source point are located on removal from the cylinder and a source point is located in the close vicinity of the convex cilinder. Process of obtaining asymptotic interpolation formulas, suitable for calculations both in shadow and in lighted zones is described.


□ Abstract — Previously we have observed that fetal retinal cells grafted to the subretinal space of blind rats produced a functional recovery as determined by testing the visual in hibition of the startle response. Following those studies, we performed experiments to test whether the injection itself, cell by-products, or unrelated neural cells could also produce an effect. Visual function was tested by examining the inhibi tory effect of a brief light flash (300 Ix) on the acoustic star tle response to an immediately following intense noise burst in light blinded Fischer 344 rats. Animals were tested before and after grafts of fetal retinal cell homogenates, dissociated perinatal cerebellar cells, and sham injections in the subret inal space. Behavioral testing continued every 2 wk for 14 wk after the graft. In the pretests, the light flash inhibited the startle response, maximal at intervals of 40-70 ms with re covery thereafter. In contrast, after exposure for 4 wk to flu orescent light (300 lx) and a rest in a normal 12/12 h light/ dark environment the rats showed reflex facilitation to the light, maximal at an interval of 110 ms, followed by a late period of reflex inhibition. The light flash had no effect on other rats that had been blinded by bilateral enucleation. Light blinded animals receiving either cerebellar grafts or ret inal cell homogenates were no different in performance from their sham injected control animals. The present data sug gest that neither subretinal injections of neural cells nor non specific neurochemical factors are able to elicit a positive behavioral response in visually impaired animals.


...................................................................................... 3 Introduction..................................................................................3 Acknowledgments........................................................................... 3 Stratigraphy.................................................................................. 3 Map unit Ts.........................................................................3 Tephra in map unit Ts.............................................................6 Map units Tgi, Tg2 , Tg3 , Tg4...................................................................i3 Tephrochronology.........................................................................l3 Paleocurrent directions....................................................................14 Environments of deposition.............................................................. 14 Structure.................................................................................... 17 Paleogeography and structural setting...................................................17 References cited FIGURES 1. Index map showing location of Cobble Cuesta area, west-central Nevada..............4 2. Index map of Gabbs Valley area showing location of major known or inferred basin-and-range faults......................................................................5 3. Geologic map of Cobble Cuesta area ..............................................(in pocket) 4. Stratigraphic diagram of Miocene strata in Cobble Cuesta area............................7 5. Stratigraphic column showing relative position of tephra samples.......................11 6. Rose diagram showing summary of all paleocurrent measurements in Cobble Cuesta area. Total number of readings (N) is 251. Measurements consist of dip direction of individual cross-strata, trends of trough sets of cross-strata and of channels, and of the dip direction of individual diskor blade-shaped clasts. The dip direction of imbricated clasts, which are inclined upcurrent, are rotated 180 degrees so that the information is consistent with the downcurrent direction of cross-strata, troughs, and channels. Measurements corrected for structural dip................................................................15 7. Rose diagrams showing paleocurrent information at localities in Cobble Cuesta area. Symbols: x-strata, paleocurrent data from cross-strata or trend of trough sets of cross-strata; imb, paleocurrent data from imbrication; ch, paleocurrent data from channels trends; N, number of readings at locality. See caption of figure 4 for additional information on character of data.............. 16 8. Interpretive diagram showing development of Gabbs Valley basin. Hachured areas are bedrock...........................................................................18


Considering the present world we are living now, the emergence of m-commerce is inevitable. The rapid global diffusion of mobile telephones, widespread use of the Internet and advances in wireless technologies laid the foundation for this new concept and innovation. The growing trend of mobile web users has paved the way to mobile commerce. Korea has become one of the hotbeds of innovation in mobile services. With that, service providers need to develop a better understanding of their customers so as to develop specific products or applications that match customers" needs. This study examines the reasons of Koreans for using m-commerce, connection frequency, and types of m-commerce activities engaged into. Moreover, it aims to provide an m-commerce success model by investigating the factors that promote individual"s intention and usage towards m-commerce. It integrates system, content and service quality, perceived playfulness, and price factors to establish a modified Technology Acceptance Model that would be employed in a mobile commerce setting. With knowledge of users' behaviors and their preferences, mobile service providers can offer more personalized services to mobile users (Sadeh, 2002).


Abstract:Acknowledging that the climate crisis is the defining issue of our time, this paper argues that theological education needs to be attentive to the following in order to provide resources for the anxiety and grief that the community is coping with: 1) the biblical tradition of lament; 2) biblical texts that grapple with climate catastrophe; 3) the legacy of colonialism; 4) the possibility of resurrection hope. In addition, this paper suggests that traditional theological education is deeply implicated in our current climate crisis and briefly outlines how the curriculum would need to be refocused in order to realistically equip clergy to vigorously engage the challenges their communities are struggling with.


A series of organorhodium and -iridium complexes M(R)(CO)(PPh3)2 (M = Rh: R = C6H5, 2-MeC6H4, 4-MeC6H4, 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, CH3, CH2SiMe3, CH2CMe3; M = Ir: R = CH3, CH2Ph, CH2SiMe3, CH2CMe3) has been prepared from MCl(CO)(PPh3)2 and the corresponding organolithium or Grignard reagents. Of these compounds, the mesitylrhodium complex Rh(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)(CO)(PPh3)2 as well as the iridium and rhodium alkyls with Me3SiCH2 and Me3CCH2 ligands show cis,trans-isomerism which is demonstrated on the basis of infrared and NMR spectroscopic evidence.


The shaping of employees' innovativeness is an important way of building a sustainable organization. Therefore, in order to have a sustainable police organization, the innovativeness of the police must be established in order to achieve the objective of maintaining law and order. In this study, Taiwan's first-line border police officers served as the research subject, and the cross-level model perspective was adopted to investigate their innovativeness from task-oriented and socially oriented viewpoints. At the same time, investigations were made into the cross-level direct and indirect effects of social work characteristics and collective efficacy toward police officers' self-efficacy and innovativeness. A multilevel model was adopted to analyze the quantitative data obtained with 249 border police officers in Taiwan as the research objects. The results showed that social work characteristics have a positive influence on collective efficacy, and motivational work characteristics have a positive influence on employees' self-efficacy and innovativeness. Their self-efficacy showed a positive influence on innovativeness, and a mediating effect on the relationship between motivational work characteristics and innovativeness. Moreover, social work characteristics and collective efficacy have a cross-level contextual effect on self-efficacy and innovativeness, while social work characteristics and self-efficacy have a cross-level interaction on police officers' innovativeness. In general, this study confirmed the importance of employees' innovativeness for the establishment of a sustainable police organization. The characteristics of social and motivational work, self-efficacy, and collective effectiveness are important variables for establishing employees' innovativeness.


A chord for a closed geodesic γ in a complete Riemannian manifold M is a nontrivial geodesic segment beginning and ending on γ that is not completely contained in γ. We prove the existence of at least one geodesic chord for every closed geodesic in a closed Riemannian manifold. As an application, we give a synthetic characterization of round spheres in terms of blocking light. The study of closed geodesics in Riemannian manifolds has a long and rich history. In compact manifolds with nontrivial fundamental group, closed geodesics are at least as plentiful as free homotopy classes; namely, homotopically essential curves can be pulled tight to closed geodesics. For compact, simply connected manifolds, more sophisticated techniques are needed to prove the existence of closed geodesics. In the 1930's Lyusternik and Shnirelman (see [Ba78]) proved that every closed simply connected manifold contains at least 3 geometrically distinct closed geodesics and this remains, even today, the best result without genericity assumptions on the metric. For reasons discussed below, we searched the literature for similar existence results for chords of closed geodesics but to our surprise we didn't find any. Definition (Chord). Let γ be a closed geodesic in a complete Riemannian manifold M . A chord for γ is a non-constant geodesic segment η in M with endpoints on γ and which is not contained in γ. We obtain the following existence result for chords: Theorem 1. Assume that M is a closed Riemannian manifold of dimension at least 2 and that γ is a closed geodesic in M . Then there is a chord for γ. Before going further we would like to observe that the condition that the manifold be compact is necessary as one sees in the example of the standard flat cylinder S × R where there are no chords. In the same spirit, the example of a bounded flat cylinder S × [0, 1] shows that chords do not in general exist even if the manifold is compact and has


This paper presents a novel to model application domain. Application domain description precedes requirements engineering, and is the basis for the development of a software or information system that satisfies all expectations of its users. The domain model is used to generate project specific process models.  Our aim is to develop a model description for processes which permits to create comprehensive scenarios. Modeling can be divided into a structural, and behavioral. This paper projects that an important future direction in software engineering is domain-specific software engineering. From requirements specification to design, and then implementation, a tighter coupling between the descriptions of a software system with its application domain has the potential to improve both the correctness and reliability of the software system. The greatest challenge in this area is the evolution of the application domain itself. We show how the application domain description can be mapped to requirements and discuss engineering of application domain descriptions.


Graduate school recruitment is an odd time to make a friend. Yet in 2005, drinking overpriced beer at an off-campus bar in Ann Arbor with Maya Peterson, I knew immediately that I had found one. In the years that followed, she proved to be a brilliant, generous, and supportive colleague, with whom it was always a joy to think through the nature of Russian imperialism in Central Asia. It is still hard to believe and unbearably sad that we must talk about these questions—about the issues that her work helped us understand— not with her on an adventurous hike or after a full day of conference panels, but without her. Indeed, Peterson's wonderful first book, Pipe Dreams, sheds light on several perennial issues not only in the historiography of the Russian Empire but in the history of imperialism more generally.1 In particular, it highlights the importance of cooperation and collaboration in sustaining imperial ventures, and the potential for resistance to such ventures in both the inhabitants and environment in Russian Turkestan. In Pipe Dreams, neither water nor people can be easily coerced to achieve a desired outcome. Since the publication of Ronald Robinson's seminal piece in 1972, it has become a commonplace that "imperialism was as much a function of its victims' collaboration or non-collaboration ... as it was of European expansion."2 This is an insight applicable not only to the forms that imperial rule took (i.e., settlement, occupation, or the "imperialism of free trade") but to the fate of specific ventures within a colony. This is not to say that such cooperation, when it occurred, took place on equal terms; Peterson rightly follows Arjun Appadurai's argument that "cooperation is a state of affairs that


According to West (2002), creativity is distinct from innovation as it encompasses the processes leading to the generation of new ideas to create value for individuals, organisations and the health sector. The term innovation is used to describe the use of these new ideas, products or methods where they have not been used before (Eurostat Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2015). Innovation intentionally introduces ideas, processes, products or procedures which are new to that job, work team or organisation, and which are designed to benefit the job, the work team or the organisation. For those working in healthcare there is pressure to be innovative and 'do more with less'. Leadership of real creativity and innovation needs to be developed throughout healthcare organisations to rise above and beyond this challenge.

The way in which people think about innovation has radically changed over the last two decades with the advent of open sharing, user customisation and the idea that service users or patients are often the best placed people to proactively assist in revising products and processes. These service users are now becoming more and more active in engaging with the health services to meet their needs. This chapter explores how creativity and innovation can be developed and sustained through leadership, teamwork and collaboration in order to achieve a higher performing health service.


Providing high-bandwidth and fast-speed links, wireless local area networks (WLANs) in the Terahertz (THz) band have huge potential for varieties of bandwidth-intensive indoor applications. However, due to the specific phenomena in the THz band, including severe molecular absorption, human- body blockage, small-scale fading, analysis on the interference, coverage and achievable rate at the downlink is still a challenging problem. In this paper, by using the tool of stochastic geometry, the exact distribution for the received signal power and the approximated distribution for the interference with its analytical moments at an arbitrary user equipment (UE) are derived. More- over, semi-closed-form expressions for the coverage probability and the average achievable rate are investigated. The theoretical derivations are validated with Monte-Carlo simulations. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that narrower beam-width of main lobe at directional antennas and more access points (APs) can enhance the received signal power and the total interference, and effectively influence the coverage and average achievable rate.


The utility model discloses a programmable pressure maintenance pump controller which is used for controlling operation of a pressure maintenance pump in a pump system. The pressure maintenance pump controller comprises an electronic circuit board, a programmable microprocessor and a storage, wherein the microprocessor is collocated to receive signals of indication pressure values and enables the pressure values and threshold values to be compared, and the threshold values are used for enabling the pressure maintenance pump to be operated. The storage is collocated on the programmable microprocessor in operation mode and is used for storing event statistics representing operation of the pressure maintenance pump. The programmable pressure maintenance pump controller has the advantages of being simple in interaction, effective, safe in electricity, low in installation cost, convenient to maintain and the like.


Abstract The emergence of this research is based on the lack of mathematical skills of students, especially at the primary / MI. Lack of ability is one of them triggered by the selection and use of learning approaches that are less varied. This research is a quantitative research in the form of experiments. Data collection techniques used instrument of observation, interviews and tests. Analysis of data such as observation data and interviews conducted with descriptive analysis and quantitative data were analyzed using statistical formulas in the form of t-test with SPSS version 17. The results showed there are significant PMR approach to the learning outcomes of students in Class VA MIN 1 Padangsidimpuan. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Matematika Realistik, Topik Pecahan


Informed by the sociology of knowledge, this paper understands buildings as "material objectivations" that continuously "act back" upon their users. It examines the following question: Why are the discussions about constructing new (religious) landmark buildings, or the rebuilding of historical ones, so emotionally charged? Using the debate about a proposed golden cross on top of the reconstruction of the Prussian City Palace in Berlin as a starting point, this article studies buildings on two levels: the level of bodily experience, on which they unfold their seductive features, and the level of – often conflicting – symbolic inscription. The analysis shows that religious landmark buildings, such as churches or mosques, use specific means of expression to stimulate the experience of the "numinous." As a result, they are often loaded with strong emotions and feelings of belonging or dis-belonging. As religious communities increasingly become fragmented in diverse societies, symbolic recognition in landmark projects appears to be a deeply political concern.


Summary The article describes the approach of the interpretation of 3D seismic and well data of the hydrocarbon play in the region for the finding prospective objects and increases the resource potential of the Siberian Platform. Using the example of one of the areas in Eastern Siberia, the effectiveness of the described approach was demonstrated, the results were obtained.


The 3-D objects used in 3D video games and virtual reality are hollow polygon meshes with textures applied on them. On the other hand, volume data representation not only stores the outer surface features, but also the features inside the volume. For example, visualization of 3-D MRI/CT data is all about showing the inside parts too. Visualizing volumetric data requires more video memory. Most of the actual 3D volume data generated especially by MRI scanners are gray level images. This paper addresses a novel technique of monotone coloring the MRI data slides and its processing for extraction of superficial and volumetric features.


Summary. We investigated the effect of the human ligand for flt‐3 (FL) on the committed progenitor colony formation of normal bone marrow (BM) (n = 9) and BM from four aplastic anaemia (AA) and three Diamond‐Blackfan anaemia (DBA) patients. Methylcellulose committed progenitor cell assays were carried out using FL alone and in combinations with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) and c‐kit ligand (KL). FL alone had a limited, though significant, effect on the production of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐forming unit (CFU‐GM) colonies from normal BM and showed an additive effect with IL‐ 3 and GM‐CSF separately, but not in combination. FL did not increase the stimulation of KL and did not have an effect on the production of erythroid progenitor colonies. FL had no effect on the AA and DBA BMs studied.


This study presents the manner in which transient modeling concepts, which are fully analyzed in the referred standards, are implemented, for the purpose of evaluating the Transient Ground Potential Rise (TGPR). This is a phenomenon of 10–100kV voltages with up to 10µs duration on the grounded enclosure of Gas Insulated Substations (GIS), which may cause concern for personnel safety and problems for protection and control circuits in substations. This article summarizes the results of the investigation for influential factors on TGPR, such as, different contingency conditions and grounding system models. This article focuses on the TGPR study of "Siah-bishe" 400kV gas insulated substation. The study was carried out by modeling all pieces of equipment in the ElectroMagnetic Transients Program (EMTP)-RV, with careful consideration of different modeling guidelines and instructions described in the available standards. Article history:


A convenient method for generating upshifted and harmonically-generated terahertz transients via the creation of highly anisotropic electron-hole wavepackets in quantum wells is described. Our results are in agreement with experimental measurements.


According to the latest Health Ministry statistics, 15,088 people in China are infected with HIV. However, experts estimate the actual number of HIV carriers and AIDS patients at around 400,000. Such estimation is attributed to the rise in prostitution and drug addiction in the country. In a seminar on HIV/AIDS prevention and control, Chen Xianyi from the Ministry of Health said that the number of HIV/AIDS carriers and patients is projected to hit 10 million in the year 2010. Nevertheless, with effective control and prevention methods, and by promoting public awareness, this number could be limited to 1.5 million. The common perception of many Chinese is that AIDS sufferers are immoral people, since it is believed that the disease stems from illicit sex and immoral behavior, adding to the difficulty in AIDS prevention and control.


The basis of the argument that poverty has been eliminated or reduced below government estimates centers around the failure of the Social Security Administration (SSA) to compute in-kind benefits in its yearly assessments of money income. In-kind benefits are noncash services such as food stamps, Medicaid, and free and reducedprice school meals.2 There is no doubt that these services are expensive and that they help the poor very substantially. In fiscal year 1976 food stamps, Medicaid, and free and subsidized school meals


Abstract : Fast algorithms for solving numerical problems involving large sparse matrix computations are investigated. Applications of this work to the areas of structural analysis, constrained optimization and large scale least squares adjustment methods are developed. One of the more important accomplishments is the design and testing on the Denelcor HEP multiprocessor of a parallel algorithm for computing a banded basis matrix for the null space. This algorithm may lead to a new efficient sparse matrix implementation of the force method for the finite element analysis of large-scale structures.


In order to solve the problem of poor stability in the dry gas seal at mid- and- low speed or start- stop phase, a new type of dry gas seal with multi- path spiral groove was presented based on design of common spiral groove and bionic. Reynolds equation was resolved by using numerical analysis method. A comparison study on gas film pressure distribution of a dry gas seal with bionic multi- path spiral grooves and common spiral grooves was carried out. Analysis and comparison on opening force,leakage rate,stiffness and ratio to leakage of a dry gas seal with bionic multi- path spiral grooves and common spiral grooves was studied under different pressure and film thickness. The influence of number of channels on sealing performance was made. The results show that a dry gas seal with bionic multi- path spiral grooves had lower leakage and better stability at mid- and- low speed. The grooves with annular can improve seal stability and reduce leakage rate.


Hysteretic effects are reported in magneto-transport experiments on lateral quantum devices. The effects are characterized by two vastly different relaxation times (minutes and days). It is shown that the observed phenomena are related to long-lived eddy currents. This is confirmed by torsion-balance magnetometry measurements of the same two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) material. These observations show that the induced quantum Hall potential at the edges of the 2DEG reservoirs influences transport through the devices, and have important consequences for the transport properties of all lateral devices, subjected to quantizing magnetic fields.


Throughout the world, GSM cellular mobile networks are being upgraded to support the "always-on" General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Despite the apparent availability of levels of bandwidth not dissimilar to that provided by conventional fixed-wire telephone modems, the user experience using GPRS is currently considerably worse. In this paper we examine the performance of TCP and HTTP over GPRS, and show how certain network characteristics interact badly with TCP to yield problems such as: link under-utilization for short-lived flows, excess queueing for long-lived flows, ACK compression, poor loss recovery, and gross unfairness between competing flows. We present the design and implementation of a transparent TCP proxy that mitigates many of these problems without requiring any changes to the TCP implementations in either mobile or fixed-wire end systems. The proxy transparently splits TCP connections into two halves, the wired and wireless sides. Connections destined for the same mobile host are treated as an aggregate due to their statistical dependence. We demonstrate packet scheduling and flow control algorithms that use information shared between the connections to maximise performance of the wireless link while inter-working with unmodified TCP peers. We also demonstrate how fairness between flows and response to loss is improved, and that queueing and hence network latency is reduced. We conclude that installing such a proxy into GPRS network would be of significant benefit to users.


Introduction  Neonatal hyperthyrotropinaemia (HT), defined by elevated TSH and normal T4, is either transient or persistent. The eventual outcome of neonatal HT is unpredictable and the management of HT patients is controversial. We assessed perinatal parameters and diagnostic measures that may distinguish between transient and persistent HT, compared with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). We also aimed to recommend optimal treatment in these forms of thyroid impairment.


'Antheraea lorosae' sp. n. is described and figured from East Timor and compared with closely related species from the Sunda Shelf of Indonesia: 'A. raffrayi' Bouvier from Bali and Java, 'A. ranakaensis' Paukstadt 'et al.' from Flores, 'A. sumbawaensis' Brechlin from Sumbawa and a population of an (as yet) undescribed species from Alor. Male genitalia of these closely related species, all in the 'frithi' subgroup of the 'mylittalfrithi' group (a complex around 'A. platessa' Rothschild), are figured for comparision.


This paper makes technical analysis and comparison on various video transmission system plans,introduces point-to-point transmission plan applied in Cangling Tunnel on Taizhou─Jinhua Highway,and discusses the selection and application of video transmission plan in video monitoring system for highway tunnels.


This study investigates megakaryocyte size in bronchial carcinoma and its relationship to platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet function, the latter determined in vivo by measurement of the cutaneous bleeding time. Measurements were performed in 19 patients with bronchial carcinoma and 11 patients with a hiatus hernia (controls). Platelet count (335.123 v. 241 × 72.109/1) and megakaryocyte total area (772.135 v. 666.105μm2) (mean × standard deviation) were both significantly increased in patients with bronchial carcinoma when compared to controls whilst the bleeding time was shorter in the patient group (253.116 v. 321.80 s). Patients with bronchial carcinoma were older (60.2 ×8.4 v. 48.8 ×13.2 years) and smoked more heavily (760.511 v. 92.175 cigarette years) than controls. Megakaryocyte size, platelet count and bleeding time all correlated with smoking habit (r=0.395, P=0.031; r= 0.622, P<0.001; r=‐0.515, P=0.04 respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to gender or mean platelet volume. When considering all patients, significant correlations existed between platelet count and megakaryocyte area (r= 0.400, P= 0.029), and bleeding time and megakaryocyte area (r=‐0.365, P= 0.047). The megakaryocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic areas were positively correlated (r=0–855, P<0.001). This study suggests that the elevated platelet count in patients with bronchial carcinoma is mediated by an increase in the size of bone marrow megakaryocytes although the results are compounded by the association between smoking and megakaryocyte/platelet parameters.


Constitutively‐active ligand‐independent splice variants of the androgen receptor are an adaptive response by prostate cancer cells to escape androgen deprivation therapy and novel androgen receptor‐directed treatments. Androgen receptor splice variant 7 is the most common splice variant detected in clinical biospecimens, and emerging data now suggest that the presence of tumoral androgen receptor splice variant 7 might be indicative of primary and acquired resistance to next‐generation androgen pathway inhibitors, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide. At the same time, taxane chemotherapy might retain its efficacy regardless of androgen receptor splice variant 7 status, thus suggesting the potential for a predictive biomarker guiding treatment selection in men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Herein, we review the preclinical data elucidating the structure and function of androgen receptor splice variant 7, we describe the existing clinical data using this biomarker in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, and we highlight potential therapeutic strategies to target androgen receptor splice variant 7‐expressing prostate cancer.


In this paper, we investigated if a switching controller and optimal virtual constraint design for a class of walking exoskeleton with redundant actuation can achieve a stable walking limit cycle. The motivation was to address control allocation problem in a hybrid walking neuroprosthesis that can obtain joint torques either from electric motor or functional electrical stimulation. A generalized switching controller is designed to switch between the motor and the muscle stimulation based on the fatigue state of the stimulated muscle. The controller is used to meet the virtual constraints designed to achieve a stable walking cycle and is proven to achieve exponential stability despite arbitrary switching. The virtual constraints were optimized based on the results of combination of genetic-particle swarm optimization algorithm and SQP method. A simple model of walking (3-link) that has active actuation at the hip joints was simulated to depict the controller feasibility.


Field experiments were conducted at at the experimental farm Cocoa Re-search Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) Sub-Station, Ochaja, in the Southern Guinea Savannaagro ecological zone of Nigeria to examine uptake and use efficien-cies of nutrients by Sesame and Bambara nut alley crops as influenced by manuring in a Cashew-based intercropping system. Experimental treatments were based on responses of sole and intercrop mixtures of Sesame and Bam-bara nut alley crops to Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH), pelletized organic fertilizer and NPK fertilizer in a cashew-based intercropping system. Data were collected on the growth and yield variables of the alley crops. Highest nitrogen harvest in-dex (NHI) for seed and leaf of alley crops were obtained from un-manure treated plants. Cocoa pod husk (CPH) significantly enhanced P uptake com-pared with other fertilizers applied. CPH improved Na, Ca, Mg Zn, Cu, P, K and carbohydrate in the leaves and Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, crude fibre and car-bohydrate contents of seeds of sole crops while Sesame + Bambara had en-hanced contents of N, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, P, N, K, moisture, protein, and crude fi-bre, crude protein, moisture content in leaves. The effects of NPK were signifi-cant for N, K Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, P, moisture and crude fibre, while in the un-manure (control) plots influenced N, fat and protein and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) of leaf and seeds. CPH and NPK fertilizers enhanced nutrient up-take and nitrogen harvest index of alley crops. Nutrient uptake was similar for the varieties of Sesame and Bambara nut as affected by the application of 4.84 and 9.68 Kg pelletized organic fertilizer. Sole Bambara had higher N and K concentration in leaves compared with Bambara +Sesame. In addition, sole Bambara had higher values of Physiology efficiency (PE), and fertilizer use ef-ficiency (FAE) compared to the mixed crops of Bambara + sesame. However, physiology efficiency (PE), and fertilizer use efficiency (FAE) were significantly lower for Bambara + Sesame. The un-manure plants had enhanced N, P and K uptake. Varietal effects were pronounced for most of the resource use effi-ciency variables measured. The alley crop varieties responded differently to 4.84 and 9.68 kg pelletized fertilizer treatments (Agronomy Efficiency (AE), N-removed at harvest and Internal Utilization Efficiency (IE) and partial fac-tor productivity (PFP)). Sesame variety NCRIBen04E had enhanced AE, N-remove at harvest, IE and PFP while variety E8 had significantly higher ap-parent Recovery Efficiency (RE), apparent Recovery Efficiency by difference (RE%), Physiology Efficiency (PE), Utilization Efficiency (UE), and internal Utilization Efficient (IE). Bambara variety TVSu999 had higher IUE, Agron-omy Efficiency (AE), Apparent Recovery Efficiency (RE), Physiology Effi-ciency (PE) and Fertilizer Agronomy using Efficiency respectively (FAE) com-pared to variety TVSu1166. The fertilizers affected most of the indicators of nutrient use efficiency (NUE) measured. The effects were significant on AE, agronomic N-use efficiency (ANUE), RE, UE and PFP. NPK fertilizer enhanced Physiology efficiency (PE) and Partial factor production. NPK fertilizer signifi-cantly enhanced NUE parameters compared to CPH and un-manure. CPH manure significantly influenced RE%, PE and IE. The Internal Utilization Effi-ciency and N-remove at harvest were compared with the un-manure plants (control). The effects of 9.68 kg/plot pelletized fertilizer, were pronounced on Agronomy Efficiency (AE), Apparent Recovery Efficiency by difference (RE%), Physiology Efficiency (PE), Utilization Efficiency (UE), N-removed at harvest and Internal Utilization Efficiency (IE). Similar trends were observed in the responses NUE of Sesame and Bambara manuring. The responses sole crops in terms of RE, PE UE PFP were similar while their intercrop combina-tions had significantly higher AE, RE, UE, PFP and N removed at harvest. Sole Sesame significantly influence Agronomy Efficiency (AE), Utilization Effi-ciency (UE), Internal Efficiency (IE) and Partial Fertilizer Production (PFP) and sole Bambara under NPK fertilizer had enhanced N-removed at harvest and apparent recovery by difference (RE%). Bambara + Sesame under cocoa pod husk (CPH) manure had enhanced apparent recovery efficiency by difference (RE%), fertilizer use efficiency (FAE) and internal utilization efficiency (IE). Sesame variety NCRIBen04E had enhanced Agronomy Efficiency (AE), N-removed at harvest and Internal Utilization Efficiency (IE) under 9.68 kg treatment while variety E8 had higher partial factor productivity (PFP) at 4.84 kg/plot pelletized organic fertilizer.


Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and agricultural soils represent a major anthropogenic source. Crop residues provide nutrients for plants but also act as hotspots of N2O production. The hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could proliferate in organic patches, utilize released N from the organic patches, and potentially mitigate N2O emissions. However, the effect of AMF on N2O emissions in degraded residue patches and the possible microbial mechanism remain uncertain. Here, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) inoculation on N2O emissions, availabilities of carbon and nitrogen, extracellular enzyme activities, and the abundance of key N-cycling genes in degraded residue patches. Our results showed that AMF hyphae significantly reduced N2O emissions from degraded residue patches. Quantitative PCR analysis of key functional genes involved in N2O production (amoA, nirK, nirS) and consumption (nosZ) showed that AMF significantly reduced the abundance of the bacterial amoA and nirS genes. NH4+, NO3−, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total nitrogen (TN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents decreased drastically in the presence of AMF. In addition, the activities of all tested extracellular enzymes were significantly decreased by AMF and positively correlated with DOC content. Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that the abundance of the nirS gene primarily influenced N2O emissions and was positively correlated with DOC content in degraded residue patches. Our findings indicate that AMF suppressed N2O producers, particularly nirS-type denitrifiers, by slowing down the release of C and N from degraded residues, thereby leading to a cascade effect on the decrease of N2O emissions. This study provides a promising approach to mitigate N2O emissions by enhancing AMF in the agroecosystems.


When the DC voltage applied, the electric field distribution of the DC GIL basin insulator will change from the initial capacitive distribution to the steady-state resistive distribution. This process is accompanied by the accumulation and dissipation of surface charges, which may cause a decrease in the flashover voltage along the insulator. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the charge accumulation characteristics of basin insulators under DC voltage. In this paper, a DC GIL experimental platform is built, and a set of surface charge measurement system based on electrostatic probe method is established. The surface charge accumulation characteristics of basin insulators and the transformation of main accumulation methods are studied in 0.4MPa SF6 gas. The results show that: the surface charge distribution of basin insulators is related to the DC voltage amplitude and applied time. At low voltage amplitudes, the concave side of the insulator mainly accumulates negative charges (opposite to the applied voltage), and the charge source is mainly conducted on the solid insulation side; At high voltage amplitudes, the concave side of the insulator mainly accumulates positive charge (the same polarity with the applied voltage), and a small amount of negative charge accumulates near the ground electrode. Positive and negative charges coexist on the surface of the insulator, and the charge accumulation gradually transforms into gas side conduction. As the applied voltage time increases, the surface charge of the insulator reaches saturation, and the saturation time is about 60 minutes.


In this study, we examined the in vivo relationship between functional tumor vasculature, determined by dynamic Gd-DTPA enhanced (DCE-) MRI and tumor metabolism, determined by dynamic [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-)PET, during cytotoxic treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Methods: 23 Patients underwent DCE-MRI and dynamic FDG-PET at baseline and after three treatment cycles unless treatment was terminated due to toxicity. Parameters for vasculature (k ep , K trans ), extracellular space (v e ), tumor size (MAD) and metabolism (MR glc ) were derived and changes during treatment were correlated. Overall (OS) and progression free (PFS) survival served as outcome measures for the predictive abilities of pre-treatment parameters and of treatment-related parameter changes. Results: Pre-treatment MR glc and MAD were individually predictive for OS and PFS. During treatment, K trans increased significantly, but this could not be confirmed in a lesion-by-lesion analysis. MR glc decreased significantly (p<0.001). No correlations were found for changes in DCE-MRI parameters and Δ MR glc . No relation was found between changes in DCE-MRI parameters and OS or PFS. Δ MR glc was able to predict OS (p=0.008) after correction for confounders. Conclusion: The efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy assessed by reduction in tumor metabolism does not depend on pre-treatment properties of the tumor vasculature determined by DCE-MRI. Cytotoxic chemotherapy does not alter DCE-MRI-derived properties of tumor vasculature, but decreases glucose consumption of tumor cells.


Background: To analyse how dependable Clinical, Radiological and Pathological features are in establishing a diagnosis of Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis and to identify other pathological conditions mimicking musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study include total of 110 patients in the study. All patients were clinical and radiologically examined. Then patient underwent percutaneous biopsy of the involved region and tissue samples were subjected to histopathological examination and CBNAAT for definitive diagnosis of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Results: The study includes 110 cases, male preponderance (65.5%) was seen in comparison to females (34.5%). Clinically and radiologically, dorsal spine (35.5%) and lumbar spine (28.2%) were the most common site of involvement. Out of 110 patients, 100 were confirmed as musculoskeletal tuberculosis by histopathology and molecular diagnosis. Histopathology alone could make diagnosis in 92 cases and molecular diagnosis in 100 cases and 10 cases were non-tuberculous in etiology (metastatic deposits of carcinoma in 5 cases, pyogenic spondylodiscitis in 3 cases and primary neoplastic lesion in 2 cases (giant cell tumour and haemangioma). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis is a deep seated and paucibacillary condition difficult to diagnose due to inadequate sample. Therefore, multipronged approach by direct smear examination, histopathological examination, molecular diagnosis is required for early diagnosis. Culture is gold standard for diagnosis but can be negative in partially treated cases. CBNAAT is highly sensitive and specific that enables rapid detection of tubercular bacilli but an give false positive results in non-viable bacilli. Key Words: Musculoskeletal tuberculosis, Percutaneous bi


This study investigates the effect of stock option‐based compensation on the short‐term and long‐term performance of French companies. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first empirical evidence describing the market reaction following initiations and renewals of Employee Stock Option (ESO) plans in France. We find that the French market reacts positively to initiations of ESO plans but does not consider their renewal as relevant information. Our results on the long‐term effect of ESO plans suggest that neither the size nor the value of the grants affect the firm's accounting and market performance. Similarly, corporate performance prior to the grant has no explanatory power of the size or value of the grant. This implies that, over our sample period, the relationship between option‐based compensation and corporate performance in France was inexistent, regardless of the direction considered.


BackgroundSince the mid 1980's, reflective practice has become formally acknowledged and adopted as a key strategy for learning and has become one of the cornerstones of medical education for doctors, nurses, and many of the allied healthcare professions. In the education of pre-hospital emergency care practitioners in Ireland, it is only in the last decade that the notion of reflective practice has been tentatively approached.  Indeed until recently it has largely been ignored by practitioners and educators alike, who have been slow to engage with this new way of learning. This paper explores the attitudes of practitioners to the use of a reflective discussion forum to encourage and support reflection and reflective practice among pre-hospital emergency care practitioners in Ireland.  It also examines the experiences of practitioners who participated in a collaborative reflective discussion forum.LiteratureThe research was informed by reviewing literature from a number of areas including:  Adult Learning, Reflective Practice, Educational Research directly relating to Emergency Medical Services (EMS), and EMS & Nursing Journals and publications.MethodologiesThis paper is part of a larger project which consisted of three cycles of action research.  Data was collected via an online survey questionnaire, and by conducting a series of semi-structured interviews with participants in the reflective discussion forum.  These included all three clinical levels of pre-hospital emergency care practitioners and the three hierarchical levels within the organisation.FindingsThe collaborative reflective discussion forum was found to be beneficial.  Among the benefits cited were, the opportunity to draw on the experience of more experienced colleagues, the development of critical thinking skills, and the potential for use as part of a mentoring process.  It was also felt that the collaborative nature of the forum had the potential to improve workplace relationships through the empowerment of the staff. Concerns were raised regarding the potential for abuse and misuse, particularly in relation to the areas of patient confidentiality and a lack of trust within organisations.RecommendationsThe establishment of a regular Reflective Discussion Forum within organisations as a key learning strategy. Any collaborative forum must be chaired by a trusted, experienced and highly skilled facilitator. A learning contract for all participants and faculty, including a confidentiality agreement, must be in place prior to the establishment of any collaborative forum.


An important limitation is shown in the analogy between the Aharonov-Bohm effect and the parallel transport on a cone. It illustrates a basic difference between gravity and gauge fields due to the existence of the solder form for the space-time geometry. This difference is further shown by the observability of the gravitational phase for open paths. This reinforces a previous suggestion that the fundamental variables for quantizing the gravitational field are the solder form and the connection, and not the metric.


The effects of x rays on the activities of succinic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in the cells were studied cytochemically. The activities of the succinic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in the tumor cells are localized in the mitochondria in the form of many small granules or grains. When dosages of 200, l000, and 5000 r were given to tumor cells of the MTK-sarcoma III in vivo, the activities of the two enzymes were decreased slightly after high- dose irradiation and the numbers of the granules with the enzyme were increased. These changes disappeared in 3 to 6 hours after irradiation. The destruction of the tumor cells by irradiation was considered to result from the destruction of the enzyme system in the mitochondria of the tumor cells. (Abstr. Japan Med., 1: No. 13, l96l)


The invention relates to a state screening method, and in particular relates to a rapid severe fault set screening method for power generation system reliability evaluation, belonging to the technical field of power. The rapid severe fault set screening method comprises the following steps: I, confirming a probability factor of a machine set; II, confirming a capacity factor of the machine set; III, confirming an importance degree factor of the machine set; IV, confirming a machine set sequence; and V, rapidly screening a severe fault state set. The rapid severe fault set screening method aims at screening fault sets which can most severely affect the reliability of a system according to the influence of double factors, namely, the capacity and the reliability of the machine set. The rapid severe fault set screening method is fast in convergence speed, short in calculation time, capable of reflecting the reliability level of the system relatively actually, and wide in prospect in power generation system reliability evaluation.


The negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometric behavior of dicarboxylated polyethylene glycols (CPEGCs) is discussed. Both [M-H](-) and [M-2H](2-) ions were observed. It was found that the ratio [M-2H](2-)/[M-H](-) is affected by oxyethylene chain length, solvent polarity, analyte concentration and applied cone voltage.


The nature of the lattice damage in boron-implanted intrinsic silicon has been studied as a function of 140-keV 11B+ ion fluence using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). At most of the boron fluences, the observed EPR spectra consisted primarily of neutral 4-vacancies (Si-P3) and of unresolved E spectra (defects unknown). Concentrations (number/cm2) for the Si-P3 and ? paramagnetic defects have been determined as a function of ion fluence for fluences ranging from 5 × 1012 to 1016 11B+/cm2. At the highest fluences the beginning of an isotropic resonance indicative of amorphous silicon was also observed. However, only a trace of the amorphous resonance was observed, and this resonance was found to be broadened and shifted to a lower magnetic field with a g value of 2.0071 instead of the usual 2.0055. Also observed at the higher fluences was the new anisotropic spectrum (labeled Si-SL3) arising from a defect having D2d symmetry. Finally, isochronal annealing studies indicate that the Si-P3 and ? concentrations decrease toward zero by a 225° C anneal in a manner similar to that previously observed for oxygen-implanted-silicon. No paramagnetic defects were observed in the 600 to 900° C range. It is concluded that any electrical activity annealing in the 600 to 900° C range is primarily a result of a decrease in the number of compensating non-paramagnetic or diamagnetic defect centers.


The rapid development of science and technology has brought about a great impact on the other walks of life, including editing of scientific journals in the time of information. For editors it is imperative to keep up with the trend of specialization of editors' knowledge, to improve their proficiency in editing, to secure the implications of scholarly articles by means of nonitoring the development of science and technology. The journals on the other hand should focus on the imternational influence of the papers. The trend of cooperation of authors and editors in future and the influence of modern science and technology on editing are also discussed


Substituent effects on the mechanism of the Cope rearrangement were studied by computing C2h (Cs) cuts through the potential energy surface (PES) for the reaction of 1,5-hexadiene and its di-, tri-, and tetracyano derivatives at the (U)B3LYP/6-31G* and (U)BPW91/6-31G* levels. The stabilization of substituted structures along the cuts is discussed in terms of the energies of isodesmic formation from allyl radicals and acetonitrile molecules. Cyano groups at C1, C3, and C5 provide a nearly additive stabilization of each point along the Cs cut even though their influence on the geometry is competitive. Evaluation of the density of effectively unpaired electrons at various geometries indicates that the radical character of a transition state (TS) is not altered by radical stabilizing substituents as such but depends solely on the interallylic bond length. Although the UB3LYP diyl intermediate for the parent compound is plausible when compared to the lowest triplet PES, neither MRPT2 at the UB3LYP geometries n...


As an endangered species in Thailand, wild animal species of the jungle cat (Felis chaus) was selected for karyological study. Blood samples were taken from 2 males and 2 females. After the standard whole blood lymphocyte culture in the presence of colchicine, the metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional staining, G-banding and high-resolution staining technique were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that 2n (diploid) of jungle cat was 38, and the fundamental number (NF) was 72 in the male and female. There are 6 autosome types: A type had 6 large submetacentric chromosomes, B type had 8 large acrocentric chromosomes, C type had 4 large metacentric chromosomes, D type had 8 small submetacentric chromosomes, E type had 6 small metacentric chromosomes and F type had 4 small telocentric chromosomes. A pair of the short arm of chromosome E1 (chromosome pairs 14) showed a clearly observable satellite chromosomes. The X chromosome was medium submetacentric chromosome and the Y chromosome was the smallest submetacentric chromosome. From the G-banding and high-resolution staining technique, the number of bands and locations in the jungle cat was 167 and 183 respectively, and each chromosome pair could be clearly differentiated. We found that chromosomes B1, B2, D1, D4, E3, F2 and X chromosome patterns were according to the domestic cat (Felis catus) chromosomes. Chromosomes A1, A2, A3, B3, B4, C1, C2, D2, E1, E2, F1 and Y-chromosome are similar to those of the domestic cat. These results show the evolutionary relationship between the jungle cat and domestic cat. The karyotype formula for the male and female jungle cat is as follows: 2n(38) = L4m + L6sm + L8a + S6m + S8sm + S4t + sex chromosomes.


Among books on diabetes, only a few help pathologists to solve problems with tissues and to correlate structure with function. This is one of them. Its authors, pathologists at the New England Deaconess Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, have produced a compact volume. Through exacting scholarship and discerning selection, they put much information into little space. What makes the book particularly useful for pathologists are its illustrations. These include 31 photomicrographs in color and 11 photographs taken through an electron microscope. The pictures are sharp with good contrast, and they show clearly what the captions say they do. The book also contains three helpful appendices. The first of these summarizes autopsy and staining methods in 13 pages; the second is a table which lists the causes of death in 1,854 diabetic autopsies; and the third tabulates the causes of death in 25,460 diabetic patients at the Joslin Clinic. This


This study focuses on the use of waste cotton fiber from the textile industry to produce composites with unsaturated polyester and to evaluate the performance of glass (G) / cotton (C) fiber laminates, particularly their mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Distinct stacking sequences were studied but the overall fiber content was kept constant. In general, hybrid laminates exhibited intermediate mechanical properties compared to those of the pure laminates, and optimum performance was obtained when the glass fiber mats were placed on the surfaces of the composite. Furthermore, some hybrid laminates exhibited superior dynamic mechanical performance, even compared to the pure glass laminate. Lower tan delta peak height (related to better fiber-matrix interaction) values and higher Tg were reported for the [C/G/ G ¯]s and [G/C/ C ¯]s samples which, together with the [G/C/ G ¯]s sample, exhibited the best results for reinforcement effectiveness and loss modulus peak height. Therefore, it is found possible to partially replace the glass fiber by waste cotton fiber considering that the final product may be optimized for mechanical property, which requires glass fiber at the surface of the laminate, or for dynamic mechanical properties, that allows higher cotton fiber content.


Purpose
Selection of fabrics for particular purposy-e has created lots of research interest over the years, and the said problems have been addressed by several researchers using various multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight a maiden approach to handle one such fabric selection problem using multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis (MOORA) as a simple yet potent MCDM tool.

Design/methodology/approach
Two approaches of MOORA method (namely, ratio system and reference point) have been demonstrated for ranking of 13 candidate fabrics based on four fabric attributes, namely, fabric cover, thickness, areal density and porosity.

Findings
In both the approaches, candidate fabric F3 secures rank 1 (the best alternative) whereas fabric F6 occupies rank 13 (the worst alternative). Moreover, ranking orders of these two approaches are alike and also show very high level of congruence with those of other approaches reported by earlier researchers, as evidenced from extremely high rank correlation coefficients (Rs > 0.89). During sensitivity analysis, each of the ranking results obtained from the four simulated weight sets do demonstrate very high degree of correlation (Rs > 0.90 for ratio system, and Rs > 0.81 for reference point). Besides, no occurrence of rank reversal is observed even when the initial decision-making matrix is changed.

Originality/value
Most the methods adopted so far for fabric selection purpose involve huge mathematical equations, complex computation and/or logic. The uniqueness of the MOORA method is that it involves minimal and thus very simple mathematical operations although possesses higher level of robustness and reliability.


The true umbilical cord knot is a pathology with an incidence relatively low. It is associated with the risk of loss of fetal well-being and stillbirth. There are both maternal and fetal risk factors, with different associated perinatal outcomes. Prenatal diagnosis of a true knot is a diagnostic challenge for the obstetrician, however, nowadays it is possible by ultrasound for incidental finding or by intentional search, mainly in patients with risk factors. In the same way it should be suspected in the presence of a non-reassuring cardiotocography, especially when there is no response to the usual intrauterine resuscitation maneuvers, such as left lateral decubitus position, supplemental oxygen and maternal hydration. The purpose of this report is to describe 4 cases of true knot in term pregnancies, in a third level hospital, where an incidence of 0.03% was estimated, with a mean gestational age of 39.3 weeks and a mean maternal age of 32.2 years. The main intrapartum findings were alterations in the cardiotocography, such as variable and late decelerations. The route of pregnancy resolution was equitable among the patients, 2 were resolved by vaginal delivery and the other 2 by cesarean section. Pregnancy was resolved by vaginal delivery in 2 of the patients, while the other 2 were resolved by cesarean section. One case of stillbirth was registered Keywords: Umbilical cord; true knot; perinatal outcomes; prenatal diagnosis.


Conclusions 1. A method is described which will give a reliable, relatively stable, active "renin" preparation. 2. The method of preparing the "renin", the use of acetone in its preparation, the type of anesthesia used for the assay animal, species difference between source and assay animal, do not appear to affect significantly the appearance of the phenomenon of "tachyphylaxis" or tolerance. 3. The time interval between successive injections does significantly affect the appearance of tachyphylaxis, and the effect is more pronounced the shorter the interval. 2 The effect is least noticeable when the interval is 120-180 minutes. 4. Assay procedures carried out in dogs where the interval between successive injections is less than 2 hours are misleading unless the phenomenon of tolerance is taken into consideration.


Abstracts. Surgery."Surgery" v. XIII. No. 73.D.I. Tatarinov. About the back cephalomachs.The works of the last day have established two types of cerebral hernias exencephalia, representing protrusion of parts of the brain and cephalocele or cephaloma, which is a congenital teratoid neoplasm. There are few cases of posterior cephalomas.


The reader who approaches this topic for the first time may be confused by the usage of the terms ?>cognitive style ?> and ?>learning style. ?> Snow, Corno, and Jackson (1996), under the heading ?>personal styles ?>, write that ?>no category we have covered contains a more voluminous, complex and controversy-laced literature than that of personal styles.. They classified the kinds of constructs that have been studied under six headings. These are: ?>Cognitive styles ?> involved in perception and thinking (e.g. field independence versus dependence, reflection versus impulsivity. ?>Learning styles ?> involved in approaches to learning and studying (e.g,. deep versus surface processing, comprehension learning versus operation learning). ?>Expressive styles, ?> involved in verbal or nonverbal communication (e.g. tempo, constricted versus expansive). ?>Response styles ?> involved in self-perception and self-report (e.g., acquiescence, deception). ?>Defensive styles ?> involved in accommodating anxiety and conflict (e.g. obsessive-compulsive, hysterical), ?>Cognitive controls ?> a subset of style like but function-specific and unipolar controls on attention and behavior (e.g. constricted versus flexible control) ?> (p. 281). Riding and Rayner (1998) argued that learning styles are a subset of cognitive styles, and in this they agreed with Sternberg and Grigorenko (1997), who also reviewed the literature on this concept. Sternberg and Grigorenko classified styles as cognition centered, personality centered, or activity centered. Those that are cognition centered have a relationship with ability and measures of intelligence, The MBTI personality measure that has been much used among engineering students is as its focus implies personality centered. The other instrument that has appealed to engineers, The Learning Styles Inventory (Kolb) is activity-centered. It is a consolation to this writer that Snow, Corno and Jackson (1996) decided not to make any sharp distinction between learning styles and cognitive styles, or between styles and approaches. Nevertheless, I have made some distinctions and begin with a discussion of learning strategies. Learning strategies are devices that we use to cope with the learning environments we find ourselves in. Learning styles are dispositions we have to learning. They are preferred ways of organizing what we see and think. The Chapter begins with a discussion of strategies, and in particular deep and surface approaches to learning. It has been shown that learning environments and, in particular, the assessments used can have a harmful or less than positive effect on learning, as, for example, if they cause surface learning. For this reason the effects of an outcomes-based approach to assessment needs to be evaluated in terms of its effects on learning. From the perspective of engineering it has been shown that engineers require a variety of learning styles when they are engaged in projects. They need, for example, to be both convergent and divergent thinkers. The case for this view is presented. A brief discussion of field-independent and field-dependent styles of thinking follows. Although spatial ability is not strictly speaking a style, it is important in engineering design. Engineers need to be able to visualize, and consequently they need a highly developed spatial ability. Therefore, since we have predispositions to learn, the style that we have may be in conflict with the style of teaching to which we are exposed, a major question is whether teaching and learning styles should be matched. Given that engineers need a variety of styles, it is incumbent on teachers to foster their development, and that suggests teachers may have to change their teaching styles. Engineers have used a number of instruments to determine the learning styles of their students. These include Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory and a summary of work that has been done to use it as a scheme for the design of instruction is given. Variations of the Kolb model are summarized in particular the 4 MAT scheme and Honey and Mumford model. Felder and Silverman identified 32 learning styles and developed an inventory to test for these among engineering students. This is discussed. Style and personality are related and influence the way we learn in particular environments. Engineers have been particularly interested in the Myers Briggs Personality Indicator, and much is known about the personality profiles of engineering students from this test. The investigations among engineering students are summarized. Temperament evidently influences performance but to some extent as a function of the culture of the learning environment. Other sections of the Chapter discuss cognitive styles analysis, the relationship between course structure and learning styles and learning strategies, learning styles and individualised environments. The review supports a point made by Hein and Budny (1999) that the learning style assessment tool used is not as critical as the assessment of learning styles. It illustrates the complexity of the learning process that teachers have to face when they guide the learning of a diverse group of students. Overall the reported research supports the need for variety in teaching and learning not only for the sake of learning but for preparation for work in industry. It also supports the case for multiple strategy approaches to the assessment of student learning.


AbstractComputer technology appears to be reaching a point of diminishing returns in attempts to increase the basic speed of uniprocessor systems. In order to avoid overloading, vfhich may be disastrous in real-time systems, a multiprocessor configuration may be necessary. The configuration should be easily extensible to accommodate system growth. A design methodology is presented which assists in the realization of a real-time computer system as a set of asynchronous cooperating processes. Both hardware and software design principles are applied to achieve parallel processing, processor sharing, and device sharing in an extensible, loosely coupled, multiprocessor configuration. The theme underlying our methodology is that a real-time computer system should be a product of the requirements of its environment, and not vice versa. Furthermore, we have followed the principle that software and hardware are two equally important aspects of computer system design; and, at the architecture level, they should be ...


Objectives  The aim of this study was to determine if there were any long‐lasting elevated anxiety levels in women attending colposcopy after an abnormal cervical smear.


This volume deals with three research programmes on concrete slabs carried out under the auspices of the Federal German Traffic Ministry, at the Testing Institute for Rural Highways of the Technical University of Munich. The first part deals with dummy joints and expansion joints as well as cracks in the 32 year old concrete motorway pavement and measured settlements under a rolling wheel. The efficiency index calculated on the basis of settlement differences in the dowelled joint edges, amounted to 60%, corresponding to a transverse force transmission of 30%. /TRRL/


The present analysis considers a MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer of an electrically-conducting viscous fluid over a moving flat plate in a parallel stream with a constant magnetic field applied outside the boundary layer parallel to the plate. Using a similarity transformation, the governing system of partial differential equations was transformed to ordinary differential equations. The similarity equations were then solved numerically using a finitedifference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Numerical results were obtained for the velocity, induced magnetic and temperature profiles, the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number for some values of the moving parameter e, magnetic parameter M, the Prandtl number Pr and reciprocal magnetic Prandtl α. The results indicate that dual solutions exist when the plate and the fluid move in the opposite directions, up to a critical value of the moving parameter ec, whose value depends on the value of the magnetic parameter. Furthermore,...


Introduction and Scope of Study Osteochondroma (Osteocartilaginous Exostosis) Chondroma Benign Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid Fibroma Chondrosarcoma (Primary, Secondary, Dedifferentiated, and Clear Cell) Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma Osteoma Osteoid Osteoma Benign Osteoblastoma (Giant Osteoid Osteoma) Osteosarcoma Parosteal Osteosarcoma (Juxtacortical Osteosarcoma) Fibrosarcoma and Desmoplastic Fibroma Benign and Atypical Fibrous Histiocytoma Malignant (Fibrous) Histiocytoma Myeloma Malignant Lymphoma of Bone (Reticulum Cell Sarcoma) Ewing's Tumor Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastoma) Malignancy in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Chordoma Benign Vascular Tumors Hemangioendothelioma (Hemangiosarcoma) and Hemangiopericytoma "Adamantinoma" of Long Bones Neurilemmoma and Related Tumors Lipoma and Liposarcoma Conditions That Commonly Simulate Primary Neoplasms of Bone Odontogenic and Related Tumor


Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | May 2014 | 385 Observation of constant increase of self-citation rate by Iranian scholars in all fi elds shows that self-citation plays an important role in scientifi c communication even in the fi eld of medicine. Base on Ghane's study[8] the rate of journal self-citation among Iranian medical journals is about 61.5% and with reared to the Iranian author self-citation rate, the study of Ghazimirsaied et al.[9] over 12 most prolifi c authors confi rmed the average of 25.89% author self-citations.