Public perceptions impact the formation of sex offender policy, yet much of what the public knows about sex crimes is based in stereotypical narratives provided by the media. The present study investigated the effects of media exposure on perceptions of sexual offending and the efficacy of residence restrictions. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three media exposure groups and then asked about their opinions about sexual offending and residence restrictions. Results indicated that participants who viewed sensationalized media reports were more likely than individuals who viewed informed media and no media to endorse more stereotypical views of individuals convicted of a sex offense and were more likely to believe that residence restrictions are effective in reducing sex crimes. These findings will be discussed as they pertain to sexual violence policy. 5 MEDIA AND PERCEPTIONS OF RESIDENCE RESTRICTIONS Introduction The increasing public concern and media attention surrounding sexual violence in the past two decades have spurred crime control efforts aimed at individuals convicted of sex offenses (Calkins, Jeglic, Beatty, Zeidman, & Perillo, 2014). This concern for public safety has become of paramount importance to legislation efforts (Lynch, 2002). There are now a number of laws in place (e.g., registries, GPS monitoring) to manage people convicted of a sexual offense once they are released back into society (Calkins et al., 2014). These laws intend to promote public safety from people convicted of sex crimes (Levenson & Cotter, 2005). However, there is ongoing debate as to the effectiveness of these restrictive policies in reducing sexual violence (Calkins et al., 2014; Levenson, Brannon, Fortney, & Baker, 2007). Residence restrictions prohibit registered sex offenders from living a specified distance from areas where children typically gather (Calkins et al., 2014). Though these laws law have the support of the general public, there is a lack of empirical support for the efficacy of residence restrictions in reducing future sex crimes (Levenson, et al., 2007; Mancini, Shields, Mears, & Beaver, 2010; Nobles, Levenson, & Youstin, 2012). Similarly, residence restrictions bring about a number of unintended consequences that subsequently could increase the risk of sexual recidivism (Jeglic, Mercado, & Levenson, 2012; Levenson, 2008; Levenson & Hern, 2007; Mercado, Alvarez, & Levenson, 2008). Public perception of people convicted of sexual offenses has implications for the formation of policy (Mancini et al., 2010). However, research suggests that many extant policies are based on media-fueled mythic narratives of people convicted of sexual offenses (Budd & Mancini, 2016). The current study aims to explore the influence of media exposure in public perception of people convicted of sex offenses and support for the efficacy of residence 6 MEDIA AND PERCEPTIONS OF RESIDENCE RESTRICTIONS restriction policies. Moral Panic In part, because of the increased public attention given to heinous yet rare sex crimes, people convicted of sex offenses are subject to extensive monitoring and restrictions once they are released from prison (Calkins et al., 2014). The public's belief in sex offender myths has created a sense of moral panic, "a threat to societal values and interests" (Cohen, 1972, p. 9). According to Goode and Ben-Yehuda (1994), moral panics focus on five criteria: public concern, hostility toward perpetrators, consensus in social reaction, disproportionality between the reaction and the threat posed, and the abatement of the panic. This panic is often created by the media, which frequently focuses on anxiety-provoking issues that fuel public concern which prompt them to pressure legislators to make changes (Mears, Mancini, Gertz, & Bratton, 2008). The media's portrayal of sexual offending and those convicted of sex crimes has contributed to a moral panic about this phenomenon (Neuilly & Zgoba, 2006). Moral panics are often unrelated to increased prevalence of a specific threat, but are instead related to an increase in attention to a phenomenon (Zgoba, 2004). Indeed, many sex offender policies have come into law following highly publicized gruesome sex crimes against children (Neuilly & Zgoba, 2006). When the media focuses on the sensational details of a story and repeatedly reports about the same extreme cases, it creates the illusion that sex crimes are on the rise and that perpetrators are exclusively predators who prey on innocent children (Socia & Harris, 2016; Thakker & Durant, 2006). Sexual Offending Despite public opinion that sexual crime rates are high, there was a 67% decrease in sexual assaults of minors aged 12-17 years between 1993 to 2004 (Finkelhor & Jones, 2004). More recent estimates indicate that for 17-year old girls, the lifetime rate of sexual assault by an 7 MEDIA AND PERCEPTIONS OF RESIDENCE RESTRICTIONS adult perpetrator is 11.2%, and 1.9% for males (Finkelhor, Shattuck, Turner, & Hamby, 2014). Similarly, in a study about the location of sex crimes, Calkins and colleagues (2015) found that 0.5% of sex offenses occurred in restricted locations by strangers against a minor victim. This suggests that of the sex crimes that do occur, very few fit the stereotype set forth by the media. When compared to general offenders, individuals who commit sexual offenses are less likely to reoffend (Harris & Hanson, 2004). Indeed, Hanson and Bussiere (1998) found a 18.9% recidivism rate in a sample of 1,839 rapists, compared to 12.7% in a sample of 9,603 child molesters. Victim choice has been related to different risk estimates for reoffending among individuals who commit sexual offenses (Hanson & Bussiere, 1998). Perpetrators who commit different types of sexual offenses against a variety of victims score higher on sexual risk measures than perpetrators of one specific offense or victim type (Jackson & Richards, 2007; Olver, Wong, Nicholaichuk, & Gordon, 2007). These findings suggest that individuals who commit sexual offenses are a heterogenous group, yet legislation sometimes fails to be tailored to offender risk level. In comparison, the intensity of supervision for general offenders on parole depends partially on the length of time they are on parole, and how well they are doing in the community (e.g., ability to maintain employment, sobriety; Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, 2010). Residence Restrictions Sex offender legislation often follows rare and sensational crimes. Following the abduction of a young boy by a sex offender, the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offenders Registration Act (1994) was passed. This required states to enforce the registration of individuals who have been convicted of sexual crimes. In 1996, the Jacob Wetterling Act was extended by Megan's Law (1996), which allowed states to publicize 8 MEDIA AND PERCEPTIONS OF RESIDENCE RESTRICTIONS information from sex offender registries. Making this information accessible to the general public allows people in local communities have the ability to know whether a sex offender lives in their neighborhood (Calkins et al., 2014). In 2006, the Adam Walsh Act extended the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA), increasing the length of registration up to 25 years or life and imposed more severe sanctions for individuals who do not register (Zgoba & Levenson, 2012). To improve the safety of children, residence restriction laws prohibit those convicted of sexual offenses from living in areas where children typically gather (Meloy, Miller, & Curtis, 2008). These include areas such as schools, daycare centers, parks, and bus stops (Nieto & Jung, 2006). Today, more than 30 states and thousands of local municipalities have passed residence restriction laws (Meloy et al., 2008). Jurisdictions vary in the distance of their restrictions, also known as buffer zones, but restricted zones range between 500 feet and 2,000 feet (Calkins et al., 2014). Despite these restrictions, research suggests that residence restrictions may fall short of their intended goal in reducing sexual recidivism (Calkins et al., 2014; Pacheco & Barnes, 2013). Residence restrictions are based on the premise that sex offenses against children occur near locations where children congregate (Meloy et al., 2008). However, there is a lack of empirical support to suggest that people who commit sexual offenses meet their victims near schools, daycare centers, or parks (Levenson & Cotter, 2005). Most people who commit sexual offenses against children already know their victims (Colombino & Mercado, 2009; Duwe, Donnay, & Tewksbury, 2008; Greenfield, 1997). Indeed, Snyder (2000) reported that 26.7% of sex offenders are a family member of their victims, 59.6% of offenders are acquaintances, and 13.8% are strangers to their victims. Duwe and colleagues (2008) found that 35% of their 9 MEDIA AND PERCEPTIONS OF RESIDENCE RESTRICTIONS sample of child molesters had "direct contact" with their victims, such as meeting on the street. However, of these incidents, no perpetrator had contact with children in a location that was prohibited by a residence restriction. Colombino and Mercado (2009) reported that the majority of offenders in their sample met victims in a private setting, such as the home of either the offender or the victim, while few offenders met their victims in public locations that would be defined by residence restrictions. Colombino and colleagues (2011) found that less than 5% of the offenders in their sample met victims in designated "off-limit" areas. Similarly, Calkins and colleagues (2015) found that 4% of offenses occurred in locations prohibited by residence restrictions. Among these offenses, 78% involved a minor victim, with acquaintance perpetrators more likely to meet their victims in a prohibited location than strangers or familial offenders. Taken together, this evidence suggests that


Vertebral counts of capelin spawning in autumn on Vancouver Island were: males 65.65, females 65.13. Differing significantly, these demonstrate sexual dimorphism of a type rare among fishes. The sexual difference is not primarily associated with length, although there is some relationship between length and vertebral number among females. The high degree of sexual specialization in the fins is limited to size and integument and does not include meristic features.


Chromatin Biology
A key regulatory aspect of DNA is how tightly it is wrapped around nucleosomes, the histone cylinders that help package DNA. The exposure of DNA determines accessibility of proteins, such as transcription factors and DNA methyltransferases, which in turn regulate gene expression and cell identity. How can DNA be unwound from nucleosomes to modulate gene expression? In a Perspective, Bowman and Deindl discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism by which DNA movement around nucleosomes occurs. Nucleosome remodelers pull on the DNA strands to influence how the helix is twisted, which allows the strands to move around the nucleosome. Similar mechanisms might also exist for other protein complexes that move along DNA.

Science , this issue p. [35][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aay4317


THE New Testament clearly reveals not only that Christ professed to be the Son of God, but also that He was recognized as such by Peter and the relatively small group of followers who were loyal to Him. The same cannot be said of the priests who planned the crucifixion, nor of the ordinary people who witnessed it. But what of the devils, the prime instigators of the passion? Demoniacs called Christ the Son of God as Peter did; they fell at His feet; they trembled in His presence; they cried out that He tormented them., But did the devils who possessed these men penetrate, as Peter did, to the true character of the Son of God? The expressions used by the demoniacs cannot, of themselves, constitute an apodictic argument. Although "Sanctus Dei" and "Filius Deo" may sound to our ears like convincing expressions, the exactness of their Scriptural meaning is by no means certain in every instance. Not only is it true that in the Old and New Testament Filius Dei denotes adoptive as well as natural sonship, but some scholars are of the opinion that in the Gospels it is sometimes employed merely as a messianic title. The current Jewish literature is of little help for or against this theory, since in all probability Filius Dei is an interpolation in the Book of Henoch, the only place where it is found in reference to the Messias.


The effect of restricting and cancelling mass gatherings and sporting events on infectious diseases is poorly established and requires further assessment. The best-available evidence suggests multiple-day events with crowded communal accommodations are most associated with increased risk. Mass gatherings are not homogenous and risk should be assessed on a case-by-case basis. ____________________________________________________________________________


The operation and management of hydroelectric reservoirs and impoundments are coming under more stringent regulatory requirements relative to water quality within them and as affected by their releases. In addition, hydroelectric reservoirs and impoundments support or operate in conjunction with other energy facility requirements such as steam electric power plant cooling and pumped storage facility operations. This strong link between energy production and reservoir water quality is being addressed by a new task committee that has been formed under the auspicious of the Energy Division Environmental Effects Committee. The committee's goal is the development of a manual of practice for the use of water body models in relation to the management of energy facilities that impinge upon rivers and reservoirs. Issues that can be addressed within a modeling framework include but are not limited to ~1! release water quality, fish passage, water quality within impounded waters ~including dissolved oxygen variations and anthropogenically altered nutrient cycles, sedimentation, and chemical exchange with sediment!; ~2! receiving reservoirs for cooling water ~artificially elevated temperatures and the effect on the flora and fauna, exotic discharges—both planned and accidental!; ~3! TMDL issues related to the reservoirs and their watersheds ~relationship of reservoir water quality to in-reservoir versus watershed processes!; and ~4! maintaining efficient energy production with these environmental constraints. The committee will look at such reservoirs impacted by energy facilities and more specifically on how to model the hydrodynamics and water quality of such systems and how to use models as management tools for these circumstances. The committee draws on expertise in the energy production and regulation field, government employees, modeling consulting companies and on university researchers working in the field. The manual of practice—oriented toward people in the energy field—will outline the issues, which they should be aware of, describe the theory behind some of the available models, and outline case studies of modeling practice. The manual is intended to be a guide for energy facility managers who are either undertaking modeling studies or considering undertaking such studies. The manual will help decide if a modeling study is warranted


The puprose of the work is to improve approaches to the controllability of power consumption in distributed power systems of electric rolling stock using modern technologies and equipment. Unequal energy consumption on the shoulders of the power supply causes additional losses in the system and makes the voltage mode worse on the current collectors of electric locomotives. To increase the controllability of operation modes, is proposed to use feeder volt-additional converters with arcless commutation of short-circuit currents. Using such converters allow to stabilize the voltage on the current collectors of electric locomotives and reduce the switching-off time. Variant calculations using the proposed circuit engineering of traction substations on the simulation model prove that the power losses from the equalizing currents are significantly reduced


The teaching contents of Introductn to Mao Zedong's thoughts and theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics are rich and complete,which cover several historical stages.In the process of teaching,teachers should master two issues: to get to know the relations between Mao Zedong's thoughts and the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics;to make clear the main teaching contents of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.


8ummary Clinical and experimental work suggests that nutritional macrocytic anaemia is not due to a lack of Castle's extrinsic factor, if by this is meant a substance that reacts with the intrinsic factor to form the liver principle. In uncomplicated cases in men and monkeys, which have received no previous treatment with fractions of the vitamin B, complex, highly purified liver extracts are inactive. The deficiency causing the anaemia is in some component of the vitamin B, complex, a t present unidentified. This factor is active when given parenterally and does not, therefore, need the presence of normal gastric juice for its proper functioning. It is suggested that the condition is due to a failure of the liver principle to promote the maturation of the erythroblasts owing to a failure in cellular metabolism due to the absence of one or other members of the vitamin B, complex which act as essential components of cellular enzyme systems.


This video demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of laparoscopic ventral rectopexy with lateral suspension of the middle-anterior pelvic compartment. A 58-year-old diabetic woman presented with symptomatic prolapse of three pelvic compartments. Dynamic MRI of the pelvic floor showed the presence of stage III cystourethrocele, stage II hysterocele and recto-anal intussusception (stage III Ba prolapse in Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) - Q classification).

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Hourly precipitation samples were collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory from June 1976 through May 1978 with the Brookhaven Automatic Sequential Precipitation Sampler. Conventional meteorological data were recorded for each sample period. The samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, and concentrations of sulfate, nitrogen, ammonium, sodium, and chloride ions. Ratios of selected ions, excess conductivity above the H/sup +/ contribution, and excess sulfate and chloride above the seawater ratio were calculated and treated as additional variables. Statistical analyses were performed of the relationships between selected chemical variables and between them and meteorological conditions. Rainfall rate was also analyzed in terms of other meteorological variables. Because a number of units were changed after publication of an earlier report (BNL 50826), the results (presented in a series of tables) are given for each year separately and for both years jointly.


This article argues that the public lacks sufficient information about the results of clinical drug trials to make sound decisions about the use of drugs. The lack of public information undermines our knowledge of drug safety and compromises physician prescribing. To address this problem it recommends that clinical study reports (CSRs) be made accessible to the public, a move pharmaceutical companies have opposed. CSRs provide in-depth statistics and analysis of clinical trial data and are required by the FDA when it reviews new drugs. Europe recently agreed to make those reports public.


abstract Composite oxide anodes have recently attracted great attention as alternative materials for solid oxidefuel cell anodes because of their potential to overcome the serious performance deterioration associatedwith the traditional Ni-based cermet. In particular, oxide anodes show a greater tolerance to coke andreoxidation than existing Ni-based cermets. In this study, the anodic performance of a (Ce,Mn,Fe)O 2 /(La,Sr) (Fe,Mn)O 3 composite oxide modified with additional amounts of catalytically active RuO 2 nano-particles was investigated. Heat treatment resulted in highly dispersed RuO 2 particles (ca. 10 nm). An-odes containing 10 wt% added RuO 2 exhibited fairly high maximum power densities of 0.3 and1.5 W cm 2 in H 2 and C 3 H 8 , respectively, at 800 C. The cells showed stable power density and negligiblecarbon formation even after 50 h of operation at 1 A cm 2 . The increased power density was assigned todecreased anodic overpotential and internal resistance losses because RuO


This paper studies consumption dynamics and welfare losses under information processing constraints (it is also called 'rational inattention' (RI) in Sims (2003)) in the permanent income hypothesis (PIH) model. It is shown that incorporating RI into the otherwise standard PIH model can substantially affect the intertemporal allocation of consumption, which makes the models better explain the data in some important aspects. Specifically, the main contributions of this paper are: first, we propose a tractable analytical approach to solve the multivariate state PIH model with RI and show that consumption reacts to the shocks to wealth gradually and with delay; second, after aggregating, we show that incorporating RI into the model can help resolve the excess sensitivity puzzle and the excess smoothness puzzle; third, we also find that the utility costs due to RI are very trivial, which can rationalize a key assumption in Sims (2003) that consumers only devote low channel capacity in observing and processing information; fourth, we investigate which factors determine optimal channel capacity endogeneously; finally, we compare our RI model with the standard internal habit formation model and the Campbell-Mankiw's rule-of-thumb model.


In order to identify cattle breeds according to their size and color, Cattle Identification techniques are used. Present techniques used for individual cattle breed prediction needs unique radio frequency, visual frequency or tagging of ear. To identify a cattle breed, we suggest identification using several image datasets of cattle's. An image of the cattle will be taken to get the prominent features of the front, rear and side view and these extracted features will be taken to identify each individual cattle with their information. Each image dataset will be processed and according to the processed image the cattle breed will be determined. Each cattle image will be pre-processed and after pre-processing of the images they will be categorized into their respective breed. A separate category of rare breeds of cattle's will be categorized using the pre-processed image dataset of the cattle breeds. CNN deep learning method is used in this work to recognize the face and different shapes in the whole body of the cattle image.


Fertility
 problems in cows have increased during the last decades and play an important
 role in dairy farms. Embryonic mortality (EM) is one of the main reason for
 the declining fertility. Early EM occurs in 34.6 % and late EM in
 22.1 % of pregnancy (mean value of different studies) (Cerri et al. 2009a; Romano et al. 2007;
 Sartori et al. 2002; Cartmill et al. 2001a; Humblot 2000; Humblot 1986). However, the diagnosis of EM
 remains difficult as the period of time between the cessation of the
 embryonic heartbeat and the expulsion/resorption of the embryo is short.
 Besides detecting EM by transrectal ultrasonography (TRU), the diagnosis of
 EM might be possible by measuring bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins
 (bPAGs) in blood, as a decline in bPAG concentration could already be
 demonstrated in the maternal blood in cases of EM and fetal mortality (FM)
 (Breukelman et al., 2012; Thompson et al., 2010; Lopez-Gatius et al., 2007;
 Szenci et al., 2000). However, it is not known yet whether commercially
 available semiquantitative laboratory tests for bPAG detection are useful for
 diagnosing EM. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate if
 a decline of the optical density (measured by a semiquantitative
 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood/milk; sqPAG-ELISABlood/Milk)
 below a cut-off value might be reasonable to diagnose or even to predict
 EM/FM. For this purpose, firstly, the validation of the sqPAG-ELISABlood/Milk
 was performed. The results revealed that both ELISAs fulfill the necessary
 requirements for measuring a decline of the bPAG level within an OD range of
 0.4-2.8 (sqPAG-ELISABlood) and 0.3-3.0 (sqPAG-ELISAMilk),
 respectively. Secondly, an OD range for diagnosis/prediction of EM/FM had to
 be established. Therefore, a retrospective data evaluation (case control
 study) was accomplished on the basis of bPAG samples sent to the
 endocrinological laboratory (University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover)
 between January 2012 and March 2013. The maintenance of pregnancy was checked
 in 141 (of 208) cows with an OD of 0.4-1.5 and in 208 (of 2176) cows with an
 OD > 1.5 by interrogating the respective dairy farms. A field study
 was conducted to compare the results of the sqPAG-ELISABlood/Milk
 to the results of TRU as gold standard (n = 296 cows). The results of
 the case control study lead to the conclusion that 45 % of the cows with
 an OD 1.5 had
 EM/FM. In the embryonic period (up to day 42), 55 % of the cows with an
 OD < 1.5 showed EM. A receiver-characteristic-operation curve
 analysis was performed to define a cut-off value. By the use of a
 mathematical correction formula developed by Begg and Greenes (1983), this
 analysis included the corrected sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE), and
 a cut-off value of 1.5 offered the best results (SEN = 78 %;
 SPE = 87 %). However, based on this data the bPAG analysis did
 not lead to an appropriate and reliable diagnosis of EM/FM. The outcome of
 the field study using sqPAG-ELISABlood and sqPAG-ELISAMilk
 (SEN = 97 %; SPE = 93-94 %) showed reliable
 results for pregnancy diagnosis. Under field conditions, the
 prediction/diagnosis of EM/FM using the sqPAG-ELISABlood with a
 cut-off value of 1.5 revealed only a SEN of 27 % and a SPE of 97 %.
 The positive predictive value was 62 %, which implicates that 62 %
 of the cows with an OD < 1.5 had EM/FM. For the sqPAG-ELISAMilk,
 the SEN was 4 % and the SPE 99 %. It can be concluded that the bPAG
 analysis cannot be used to select an appropriate portion of cows with EM/FM.
 However, the results of the present study clearly showed that the combination
 of TRU and bPAG results permits the diagnosis (TRU: no embryo visible; bPAG
 positive/questionable) and even the prediction (TRU: embryo with heartbeat
 visible; bPAG negative/questionable) of EM/FM up to day 100 of pregnancy. For
 this purpose, the best results were given by a questionable OD range from
 0.4-1.5 (SEN = 84 %; SPE = 98 %). In
 conclusion, the diagnosis of EM/FM exclusively by the use of a
 semiquantitative bPAG analysis could be applied to select cows suspicious of
 EM/FM in order to recheck them. Moreover, the combination of TRU and bPAG
 analysis can clearly enhance the early pregnancy diagnosis providing
 additional information so that it might be possible to treat those cows
 suspicious of EM/FM in the future. Referring to this assumption, further
 investigations should be focused on the functions and mechanisms of the bPAG
 molecules with regard to the establishment and the maintenance of pregnancy.


Objective To assess the effect of levothyroxine,lipoic acid and their combination therapy on improving the cognitive deficit and on the level of oxidative stress in the serum and hippocampus tissue of adult hypothyroid rast.Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal group,hypothyroidism group[propylthioaracil(PTU)group],the levothyroxine sodium(L-T4) treatment group(PTU + L-T4 group),the lipoid acid(LA) treatment group(PTU +LA group),and the two-drug combination group(PTU +LT-4 +LA group).After 8 weeks of treatment,the learning and memory abilities of the rats were evaluated by Morris Water Maze(MWM).The content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the serum and hippocampus were respectively measured using thiobarbituric acid,and xanthine-xanthine oxidase methods.Results Compared with the normal group,the escape latency was longer(P 0.01),the MDA level was increased and the SOD activity was decreased in the serum and hippocampus in the PTU group(P 0.001).Compared with PTU group,the SOD activity was increased and the MDA level was decreased in the PTU + L-T4 group,PTU + LA group and PTU + L-T4 + LA group(P 0.05).There was significant difference in MWM test score.Conclusion The L-T4 and LA combination therapy can significantly improve the cognitive function of hypothyroid rats.


The weakest link in cryptosystems is quite often due to the implementation rather than the mathematical underpinnings. A vast majority of attacks in the recent past have targeted programming flaws and bugs to break security systems. Due to the complexity, empirically verifying such systems is practically impossible, while manual verification as well as testing do not provide adequate guarantees. In this article, we leverage model checking techniques to prove the functional correctness of an elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) library with respect to its formal specification. We demonstrate how the huge state space of the C library can be aptly verified using a hierarchical assume-guarantee verification strategy. To test the scalability of this approach, we verify the correctness of five NIST-specified elliptic curve implementations. We also verify the newer curve25519 elliptic curve, which is finding multiple applications, due to its higher security and simpler implementation. The 192-bit NIST elliptic curve took 1 day to verify. This was the smallest curve we verified. The largest curve with a 521-bit prime field took 26 days to verify. Curve25519 took 1.5 days to verify.


The present invention relates to the field of fermentation technology. Specifically, the present invention provides a fermentation process for producing the first and second fermentation product by a single production organism, a state in which the first product is reduced from the substrate, and the second fermentation product is in the oxidized state than substrate is a state in which from the final oxide product CO The present invention further provides a first fermentation product is weakly alkaline compounds, also relates to a method the second fermentation product is a weakly acidic compound. In such a case, both products may also be produced by a single organism in fermentors alone, or the first and second product respectively, also be produced by two different organisms are co-fermented it can. Co-fermentation is to allow the circulation of the soluble media components between two fermenters, can be carried out in two separate fermenters are connected by micro-sieve to prevent the circulation of production organism cells. The present invention also relates to such a method that can be first and second fermentation products forms the (insoluble) complex or salt.


This study aimed at describing the changes in physical and physiological performance of a two-time World Karate Federation Champion athlete immediately prior to and after a bout simulation. The karateka was submitted to: (a) squat and countermovement jumps, jump squat and bench throw and maximal isometric force tests (half-squat and bench press, pre and post-match); (b) one simulated karate match. Improvements of 1.1% and 2.9% were observed in the squat jump and countermovement jumps, respectively, after the combat simulation. For jump squat, an increase in power production was observed after the simulation (0.6–7.4%). Conversely, for the bench throw a decrease in power was detected after the match (0.5–8.3%). The maximal isometric force increased for the half-squat (10.5%) and bench press exercises (1.6%). The investigated athlete presented quite different characteristics when compared to similarly highly trained peers, and these traits can probably explain his "outlier performance".


PURPOSE
We report a case of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) that developed after the treatment of a transverse-sigmoid sinus dAVF using transvenous embolization (TVE).

CASE PRESENTATION
A 72-year-old woman presented with headache and left-sided tinnitus. Angiography demonstrated the presence of a left transverse-sigmoid sinus dAVF. After TVE, the patient's symptoms completely disappeared. Three years later, she complained of left-sided tinnitus and diplopia, and angiography revealed the presence of a left cavernous sinus dAVF. We performed transvenous coil embolization, and the dAVF disappeared.

CONCLUSIONS
TVE has been widely recognized as an effective treatment for dAVF. However, dAVF may develop at a different location after TVE in a few cases. A long-term follow-up is therefore recommended.


Discloses a sound processing apparatus, sound processing method, and a program. A sound processing apparatus comprising: a non-linear processing unit, generated by a plurality of sound sources and a plurality of observation signals observed by a plurality of sensor outputs includes non-linear processing to be present in a predetermined area of the plurality of the sound source of sound signal; selection unit selecting a plurality of sound signal from the nonlinear processing unit outputs a specific sound source included in the sound signal, and selecting a sound source comprising a plurality of observation signals; and a sound separation means, the observed signal from the selection unit selects the separating the signal selection means selects a signal of a specific sound source comprises a sound signal.


The anti-gamma globulin factors which were found in 30 per cent of an aging population reacted poorly with rabbit gamma globulin and anti-D coats. They did not contain agglutinators against Gm (a), (b), or Inv. (a). Their reactivity was like that of anti-gamma globulin factors most frequently encountered in non-rheumatoid disorders. Past age 70, distribution of these factors was approximately equal in those with and without evident chronic disease. However, in the group between 50 and 70, there was a much higher incidence of anti-gamma globulin factors in subjects with various unrelated chronic conditions. The presence of these factors could not be correlated with a high incidence of hemagglutinating antibodies to thyroglobulin, an increased number of weakly positive VDRL slide tests, and an upward trend in mean gamma globulin levels found in this aging group.

Le factores anti globulina gamma, le quales esseva trovate in 30 pro cento de un population senescente, reageva mal con globulina gamma de conilio e revestimento anti D. Illos non contineva agglutinatores contra Gm (a), (b), o Inv. (a). Lor reactivitate esseva simile a illo del factores anti globulina gamma, le quales es incontrate le plus frequentemente in subjectos con disordines nonrheumatoide. In subjectos de etates de plus que 70 annos, le distribution de iste factores esseva approximativemente equal in le subgruppo de subjectos con e in illo de subjectos sin evidente morbos chronic. Tamen, in le gruppo de etate ab 50 ab 70 annos, un multo plus alte incidentia de factores anti globulina gamma esseva constatate in subjectos con varie chronic disordines non-rheumatoide. Le presentia de iste factores non poteva esser correlationate con le alte incidentia de anticorpore hemagglutinante anti thyroglobulina, le augmentate numero de levemente positive tests VDRL a lamina, e le tendentia accrescitori del nivello medie de globulina gamma, le quales esseva characteristicas del gruppo senescente.


Abstract Using all available temperature and salinity profiles obtained by Argo floats from July 2004 to June 2007, this study investigated the structure and modification of the South Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (SPESTMW). Based on the observed characteristics of the vertical minima of potential vorticity over the subtropical South Pacific, SPESTMW is defined as water with potential vorticity magnitude less than 2.5 × 10−10 m−1 s−1 and thickness exceeding 40 m. It is found between 35°–5°S and 160°–70°W and has a temperature of 13°–26°C, salinity greater than 34.0, and density of 24.5–25.8 kg m−3 at its core. This study confirmed that vertical changes in temperature and salinity tend to compensate for each other in terms of density changes, resulting in favorable salt fingering conditions, as previously reported. By analyzing many profiles of Argo data in spring immediately after the SPESTMW formation period, its temperature and salinity are vertically uniform in the formation region, but large ...


Tension band wire fixation continues to be the most popular method of fixation for displaced olecranon fractures despite several biomechanical studies questioning the validity of the tension band concept. Our aim was to compare the outcome of the tension band wire (TBW) method with plate fixation. 58 consecutive olecranon fractures underwent internal fixation in 58 patients between September 2000 and December 2004. There were 30 male and 28 female with a mean age at the time of surgery of 52.5 years for the TBW group (range 19 to 88) and 46.1 for the plate group (range 19 to 72). Patients were excluded if they were less than 16 years of age. Choice of fixation was based on surgeon preference, fracture pattern and presence of associated injuries. 43 patients were managed with the AO tension band technique and 15 with plate fixation. Clinical assessment and functional analysis was performed using Helm's scoring system. Radiographic assessment was performed to assess the quality of reduction. All fractures were displaced and classified according to Colton's classification. Mean follow up was 13 months (range 6 to 18) and similar for the two groups. For the TBW group 41 (95 %) had a fair or good result. 27 (62.8%) patients had symptomatic metal prominence requiring implant removal. In the plate fixation group 14 (94%) had a fair or good functional result despite having more complex fractures. Only 2 (18%) patients required implant removal for symptomatic metalwork, including one failure due to a technical problem. Similar functional results were seen with plating and tension band wiring of displaced olecranon fractures. Despite meticulous technique, tension band wire fixation still has an unacceptably high complication rate with symptomatic metal prominence requiring further surgery. To avoid this problem, we recommend plating, even for the more simple olecranon fractures.


Polymer nanocomposites have emerged as a high-tech engineering material for a variety of applications. The present paper emphasis on the comparison of polymer nanocomposites synthesized under different moulding temperature and the effects of moulding temperature on the preparation of polymer nanocomposites by different characterization techniques. Also aims to investigate the enhanced physical and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites with different nanofillers. Polymer hybrid nanocomposites based on poly propylene(PP) (80% of blend)and high density poly ethylene(HDPE)(20% of blend) blend is selected for the present study. Nanofillers such as nano kaolin clay (2%) and/or glass fibre(GF)(20%) is incorporated in the polymer matrix. The properties of processed goods, particularly based on polymer blends, are highly depend on the processing variables and the effect of moulding temperature. The study shows that there is an optimum moulding temperature at which maximum mechanical properties are obtained [1,2]. Similarly, the actual surface temperature of the mould cores and cavities are related to, but not necessarily the same as, the temperature of the fluid passing through the channels in the mould. It is generally understood that melt temperature has an effect on viscosity. But melt temperature also has an influence on the final molecular weight of the polymer in the moulded part[3,4].


After irradiation, nearly equal amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are synthesized in radiation-sensitive Salmonella typhimurium and in resistant Escherichia coli B/r. However, the DNA synthesized in S. typhimurium is of low molecular weight, whereas that made in the E. coli B/r is like that synthesized in the unirradiated controls.


Social work as an traditional aid is an area that provides welfare services financed from public funds, which is one of the methods of microloans. Microloans have since the mid-1970s has become an ...


In response to the recently expanding 'renewal of faith' literature and religion-based approaches to the Ottoman seventeenth century, this article sources the many available Ottoman chronicles and European diplomatic reports to shed light on the accumulation of full executive power in the hands of Köprülü grand viziers, starting from 1656. I demonstrate that, by the time Kara Mustafa Paşa assumed the grand vizierate in 1676, the achievements of Köprülü Mehmed Paşa and, more remarkably, his son Fazıl Ahmed Paşa, had elevated the post of the grand vizierate to a practically unrivalled status in the Ottoman decision-making process. Further, I illustrate that Kara Mustafa Paşa had already established himself as a self-assured individual in Ottoman bureaucracy long before he became the grand vizier. In conclusion, the article directs readers to reconsider Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Paşa's ambitious undertakings – especially the siege of Vienna – as a combined outcome of the decision-making patterns established by the first two Köprülüs, coupled with the self-assurance that Kara Mustafa Paşa had attained long before his appointment as the sultan's 'absolute deputy'.


The behavior in the vicinity of a point where excitable, Hopf and Turing modes coexisting is analyzed within the framework of a simplified version of Chua's nonlinear circuits. The different factors (e.g., initial and boundary conditions and small changes in circuit parameters) which determine the final state of the system are numerically studied. >


Loss of participants in longitudinal data collection can affect the validity of outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registries. Prior research indicates that demographics and socioeconomic and psychosocial factors contribute to attrition. This study analyzed the characteristics of an RA registry that may contribute to attrition in a hospital‐based population.


The concentration of whole blood has a wide spectrum of medical uses, especially in blood transfusions for patients suffering acute blood loss from trauma or surgery. However, current methods rely on centrifugation, which has a tendency to cause fragmentation and deformation of cells. Acoustic standing waves are considered to be a gentler means to concentrate blood cells, but generally suffer from flow rate limitations of >103fold, functioning only on the microscale. To address this issue, we have developed a novel ultrasound technology that works at the macroscale, enabling it to process flow rates that would typically be required to handle medically relevant volumes.

In this study, we have applied the principles of acoustic radiation at the macroscale to re-concentrate 10X diluted porcine blood by trapping the blood cells within a standing wave, resulting in the clumping of cells and platelets, ultimately leading to enhanced gravitational settling. Complete blood counts were measured with a VetScan HM5 hematology analyzer. Using an acoustic force generated by power levels up to 25 Watts, no lysing was observed in any of the experiments. The inlet flow rate through the device was 16 ml/min, and the concentrate flow rate of the blood components was typically 1 ml/min. The transducer was a 2 MHz PZT-8 operating at 10 W, and it was oriented to create an acoustic standing wave perpendicular to the flow direction. Results indicate successful capture of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets with separation efficiencies in excess of 90% in a single pass. Furthermore, the blood components were all reconcentrated back to levels similar to those in whole blood.

Subsequent experiments and conditions have allowed for the separation of blood components, suggesting that the future development of acoustic methods to perform blood re-concentration procedures such as erythropheresis, leukapheresis and plateletpheresis in a gentler manner than current methods holds great promise. With almost 15 million transfusions performed each year in the United States, this technology has the potential to make a significant impact on the medical community, particularly for treatment of critically ill patients. Additionally, the novel technology has also demonstrated performance in separating lipid particles from blood, thus indicating its utility for reducing the occurrence of lipid microemboli during re-transfusion of shed blood in cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries, which have been linked with post-operative neurocognitive complications. As a result, the novel acoustophoretic technology may become a general purpose platform for achieving separation in a variety of biomedical applications.

Disclosures: Mealey: Flo Design Sonics: Employment. Lipkens: Flo Design Sonics: Equity Ownership.


Scadoxus multiflorus (previously Haemanthus, Amaryllidaceae) is a strikingly beautiful lily with an extraordinary wide distribution ranging from NE South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia to Senegal in West Africa and eastwards to Arabia. Massive spring flowering in the open grassy sprayzone adjacent to the Victoria Falls presents an unforgettable, spectacular panorama against a background of roaring, turbulent water (Figs. 1 & 3). This magnificent waterfall was named the Victoria Falls in 1855 by the famous doctor-explorer David Livingstone. At that time this natural wonder was already very aptly named "Mosi-oa-Tunya", the "Smoke that Thunders" by the indigenous Makalolo people (Fig. 2). Due to the extremely wide distribution the plants undergo a considerable diversity of form. They grow to a height of about 50 cm, including the inflorescence, from large, underground bulbs with rather succulent, imbricating, apically flared leaves. The fleshy peduncle is occasionally sparingly spotted red-brown 1. Scadoxus multiflorus with the main falls in background. Photo by darrel Plowes.


A CDR dedicated to satellite data link is presented. The clock recovery function is made-up of an Injection Locked Oscillator combined with an analog phase alignment circuit. The circuit covers two bit-rate ranges: 2.2 to 4.3 Gb/s and 9.1 to 12.1 Gb/s. It was designed in 130 nm CMOS bulk process from STMicroelectronics. The overall power dissipation is 400 mW in the first bit-rate range and 480 mW in the second including 220 mW for I/O buffers. The eye opening at 10-9 of bit error rate is 940 mUI/440 mV at 3.1 Gb/s and 720 mUI/300 mV at 10.3 Gb/s.


Reducing the frequency and/or severity of aggression and wounding is a major concern of people managing socially housed chimpanzees. One factor that has not been investigated intensively for its effect on captive chimpanzee agonism is the presence of humans. Therefore, we examined an archival database of wounding incidents among 88 adult and adolescent members of 8 social groups of chimpanzees (42 females, 46 males) to determine whether variable levels of human activity (higher weekday versus lower weekend-day activity levels) in the colony was associated with changes in chimpanzee wounding patterns. Wounding was tabulated for each group for periods of 38 - 118 months. A series of Chi-square tests indicated that there were a greater than expected number of wounding episodes on weekdays but that day of the week did not affect the age or sex distribution of wounding. Together, these results suggest that the presence of personnel completing routine activities is associated with chimpanzee agonism. Zoo Biol 16:327–333, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


In this work the feasibility of separating fat and water signals using the balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) technique is demonstrated. The technique is based on the observation (Scheffler and Hennig, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2003;49:395–397) that at the nominal values of TE = TR/2 in SSFP imaging, phase coherence can be achieved at essentially only two orientations (0° and 180°) relative to the RF pulses in the rotating frame, under the assumption of TR << T2, and independently of the SSFP angle. This property allows in‐phase and out‐of‐phase SSFP images to be obtained by proper choices of the center frequency offset, and thus allows the Dixon subtraction method to be utilized for effective fat–water separation. The TR and frequency offset for optimal fat–water separation are derived from theories. Experimental results from healthy subjects, using a 3.0 Tesla system, show that nearly complete fat suppression can be accomplished. Magn Reson Med 51:243–247, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the extent to which the London stock exchange and the US stock exchange Nasdaq respectively contributes to the price discovery of Swedish stocks listed on the Stockholm stock exchange, the London stock exchange and the US stock exchange Nasdaq.
Method: The study is a replicate study of the studies by Grammig, Melvin and Schlag (2000) and Eun and Sabherwal (2003). The methodology is based on the methodology of the latter study. The data material consisting of quoted stock prices for three Swedish stocks on the three stock exchanges at five-minute intervals during a 49-day-period in 2003 has been run through different statistical tests in a five-step process.
Conclusion: The evidence of this study shows that prices on SSE, LSE and NASD are cointegrated and mutually adjusting. The evidence suggests that in all three cases, price discovery takes place on the home stock exchange SSE. Moreover, LSE contributes more to price discovery than Nasdaq


Abstract Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is a very imperative problem in power system operation for providing electric power with high quality and reliability. In this paper, the three-area multi-units AGC is studied. For optimal transient performance of AGC, fuzzy logic damping controller has been used. An efficient approach, namely fuzzy subtractive clustering is used here, which minimizes the number of rules and membership functions of the fuzzy system. This technique provides a mechanism to obtain the reduced rule set covering the whole input/output space as well as membership functions for each input variable. In this paper, a fuzzy subtractive clustering approach is shown to reduce 5, 5, 5 rules to 3, 2, 2 rules, respectively. Finally, the results have been compared.


In this paper, we first introduce an iterative process in modular function spaces and then extend the idea of a λ -firmly nonexpansive mapping from Banach spaces to modular function spaces. We call such mappings as (λ, ρ) -firmly nonexpansive mappings. We incorporate the two ideas to approximate fixed points of (λ, ρ) -firmly nonexpansive mappings using the above-mentioned iterative process in modular function spaces


In this article, the sliding mode control (SMC) problem is addressed for a class of Markovian jump systems via the T–S fuzzy model. First, in order to reduce the frequency of state transmission for alleviating congestion phenomenon in the bandwidth-limited communication network, a dynamic event-triggered (DET) strategy is introduced into the sensor-to-controller channel, in which an additional internal dynamical variable is employed to adjust the event-triggered condition adaptively. A fundamental issue resulting from the event-triggered strategy is that the controller cannot obtain the information about system mode during the triggering interval. Aiming at the phenomenon, this work utilizes a mode detector to estimate the unavailable system mode. Then, this article proposes a detected-mode-dependent event-triggered sliding mode controller whose membership grades are determined only via the transmitted state at the triggering instant. By constructing a relation on the membership functions (MFs) between the fuzzy model and the controllers for MF-dependent analysis, the conditions on the reachability and stability conditions are relaxed. Furthermore, an optimization algorithm is provided for the minimum control power via a high-dimensional grid searching for the coefficients of the internal dynamic variables, which, together with the designed detected-mode-dependent sliding mode controller, constitutes the novel SMC scheme under the DET strategy. Finally, the simulation results via the single-link arm system are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.


Introduces the job perceptual discrepancies index (JPDI), which is based on an empirical study of social workers and their team supervisors and was created by comparing supervisors' and subordinates' evaluations of the levels of importance of the various tasks in the subordinates' job. The findings indicate that while subordinates and supervisors in this particular case, generally had similar job perceptions, larger JPDI values have negative implications for subordinates' job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Considers the utility of the JPDI for both researchers and practitioners in investigating supervisor‐subordinate differences in job perception.


The determination of the natural abundances of stable isotopes has become a useful method by which to study the transformations of elements in biological and ecological studies as well as to investigate the mechanisms of chemical reactions. Unlike carbon and nitrogen isotopes, however, stable sulphur isotopes are used infrequently, and their potential as tracers in biochemical and physiological studies are only beginning to be realized. This review provides an overview of research involving stable sulphur isotopes in studies of plant metabolism and pollution. Topics discussed include the mechanisms and accompanying isotopic fractionations involved during the uptake and assimilation of inorganic sulphur compounds by plants, the utility of plants as bioindicators of environmental sulphur pollution, and the emission of isotopically light H2S by plants in response to high concentations of sulphur. Future advances in the field are proposed.


Bodily preserved, secondarily phosphatized arthropods discovered in drill cores on He***l Peninsula, northern Poland, and in its vicinity date from the Upper Cambrian. Comparisons between a group of arthropods of the Upper Cambrian of Sweden recognized as stem-lineage crustaceans indicate that one of these new forms, Cambrocaris baltica n. gen. n. sp., also represents a derivative of the early phase of crustacean evolution prior to the crown-group level. The material also yielded a specimen identified as Skara minuta Muller & Walossek, 1985, hitherto known only from Vastergotland, Sweden, and two limb fragments which cannot be assigned to species. □Crustacea, stem-lineage derivatives. Phosphatization, three-dimensional preservation, Upper Cambrian, Alum shales, 'Orsten', northern Poland.


Numerical simulation of the boundary-layer flow by using the boundary-layer equations and an imposed edge condition inevitably encounters a difficulty when the flow tends to separate from the surface. For avoiding this numerical difficulty and ensuring a successful computation over the recirculating region, an interacting boundary-layer edge condition may be employed to substitute that imposed one. This interacting boundary-layer edge condition is based on the pressure distribution imposed on the body surface by its outer inviscid flow and also includes a correction that properly takes the boundary-layer's own effects into account. Consequently, the boundary-layer equations and their interacting edge condition are mutually coupled and the full linearization of both of them is essential to obtain an efficient computational procedure. Therefore this study focuses on the full linearization of the two-dimensional turbulent boundary-layer equations and their interacting edge condition; some strategies associate with it are also discussed.


This Master thesis is about applying creative production methods and principles of design (from applied- and fine arts) to a music production process. The aim is to analyse and describe a musical p ...


In 2011, New Zealand's (NZ) qualification system moved from the accumulation of atomised 'unit standards' to the attainment of holistic outcomes based on graduate profiles (Chan, 2016). In so doing, the role of assessments for learning (i.e. formative assessments informing learning progression and attainment) became more important than assessments of learning (i.e. summative assessments leading to a grade or statement of competency). This article reports on several sub-projects, relevant to apprenticeship learning, which are part of a larger study to construct guidelines for the deployment of e-assessments for learning.


The article describes the peculiarities of contemporary teacher's valuable and natural ethno pedagogical thinking, the essence of building an integral ethno pedagogical process of studies and bringing students up at a pedagogical higher educational institution, the potential of developing pedagogue's features of thinking.


Using the generalized normally ordered form of words in a locally-free group of n generators, we show that in the limit n → ∞, the partition function of weighted directed lattice animals on a semi-infinite strip coincides with the partition function of stationary configurations of the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with arbitrary entry/escape rates through open boundaries. We relate the features of the ASEP in the different regimes of the phase diagram to the geometric features of the associated generalized directed animals by showing the results of numerical simulations. In particular, we show how the presence of shocks at the first order transition line translates into the directed animal picture. Using the evolution equation for generalized, weighted Lukasiewicz paths, we also provide a straightforward calculation of the known ASEP generating function.


Our objective was to create a high-fidelity Navier-Stokes computer simulation of the flow through the turbines of a modern high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine. The simulation would have to capture the aerodynamic interactions between closely coupled high- and low-pressure turbines. A computer simulation of the flow in the GE90 turbofan engine's high-pressure (HP) and low-pressure (LP) turbines was created at GE Aircraft Engines under contract with the NASA Glenn Research Center. The three-dimensional steady-state computer simulation was performed using Glenn's average-passage approach named APNASA. The areas upstream and downstream of each blade row mutually interact with each other during engine operation. The embedded blade row operating conditions are modeled since the average passage equations in APNASA actively include the effects of the adjacent blade rows. The turbine airfoils, platforms, and casing are actively cooled by compressor bleed air. Hot gas leaks around the tips of rotors through labyrinth seals. The flow exiting the high work HP turbines is partially transonic and, therefore, has a strong shock system in the transition region. The simulation was done using 121 processors of a Silicon Graphics Origin 2000 (NAS 02K) cluster at the NASA Ames Research Center, with a parallel efficiency of 87 percent in 15 hr. The typical average-passage analysis mesh size per blade row was 280 by 45 by 55, or approx.700,000 grid points. The total number of blade rows was 18 for a combined HP and LP turbine system including the struts in the transition duct and exit guide vane, which contain 12.6 million grid points. Design cycle turnaround time requirements ran typically from 24 to 48 hr of wall clock time. The number of iterations for convergence was 10,000 at 8.03x10(exp -5) sec/iteration/grid point (NAS O2K). Parallel processing by up to 40 processors is required to meet the design cycle time constraints. This is the first-ever flow simulation of an HP and LP turbine. In addition, it includes the struts in the transition duct and exit guide vanes.


For the purpose of establishing environmentally acceptable and stable process for trivalent Cr black passivation of galvanizing coating obtained in an alkaline bath,the composition of the solution for trivalent Cr black passivation was optimized based on parallel tests.The corrosion resistance and electrochemical behavior of resultant black Cr passivation coating were evaluated by neutral salt-spray test and electrochemical test;and the optimal composition of the passivation fluid as well as the optimal passivation parameters was established.It was found that the optimal composition of the black passivation fluid was determined as 0.1 mol/L Cr3+ [CrCl3:Cr(NO3)3 =(3~5):1,molar ratio],organic acid complexing agent/Cr = 1.6(molar ratio),5.0 g/L CoSO4,3.0 g/L NiSO4,0.5 g/L CuSO4,10 g/L KH2PO4 and 5.0 g/L CH3COOH;and the optimal passivation parameters were suggested as temperature of 30 ℃,pH value of 2.0,and time of 45 s.Black and bright passivation coating could be obtained atop the title galvanizing coating after it was passivated with the trivalent Cr black passivation fluid at room temperature and sealed with WS-1 sealing agent.Resultant passivation coating was able to endure against neutral salt-spray for up to 96 h and above.


Corporate governance is still at the top of the agenda for Indonesia and Asian corpo- rations. The issue of corporate governance arises since economic crisis in Indonesia and Asian countries. Country factors can play a key role in setting the framework for corporate governance practices at the individual company level. Given that corpo- rate governance matters regardless of the particular system - the legal and economic framework conditions - investors have shown growing interest in a global bench- mark of good behavior. There persists the belief that good corporate governance can help create shareholders value and ensuring that enterprizes only responsibility to society is to maximize profits without breaking the law, hence the role of corpo- rate governance is to provide appropriate corporate control. This article elaborated about implementation good corporate governance ; benefits, obstacles, challenge and opportunity for Indonesia corporations. Keywords: Good Corporate Governance


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the non-transmitted diseases with the highest case. The incidence rate of SM throughout the world is increasing each year. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007 revealed that it would rank the fourth with 300 million people in 2020 and would increase to 366 million people in 2030.It can cause complication in the whole body and its patients never check their blood content, have lousy lifestyle, have unhealthy dieting/eating pattern, and lack of physical activity.The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of behavior on the incidence of DSM Type 2 in DM visitors at the Community Health Clinic Sering Medan in 2016. The research used the quantitative method with a case-control design which was classified into the case group with 64 respondents diagnosed with DM and the control group with 64 non-DM respondents. There would be matching with sex and age. The data were analyzed by using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with McNemar test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test at α = 0.05. The result of the research showed that the variables which influence the knowledge were DM (p=0.000), attitude (p=0.135), and action (p=p=0.001)The variable which had the most dominant influence behavior in DM Type 2 visitors at the Community Health Clinic Sering Medan was knowledge at p=0.000 OR=3.9 with 95%CI (0.2540.652) which indicated that this variable had significant influence on the behavior of DM Type 2 patients at the Community Health Clinic Sering Medan.It is recommended that the management the DM Clinic involve family members in managing DM Type 2 patients by providing education for them in the management of DM Type 2. Keyword:Factor of Behavior, Diabetes Mellitus -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 27-11-2017 Date of acceptance: 09-12-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Aimed at the path planning problem of a mobile robot,a novel fixed-length real number encoding mechanism was proposed.The first step was to make a new map between starting-point and goal-point through coordinate system transferring.Then the encoding mechanism was introduced to search for an optimized path in which the robot gets close to the target.Then a valid region for the robot was mapped out according to the location of obstacles,which could reduce the search space and further improve the efficiency.An immune simulated annealing algorithm by combining an immune optimization algorithm with simulated annealing algorithm was developed.The simulation result demonstrated that the proposed algorithm had strong global and local search ability,which could help the robot to quickly find the optimized path.


Study Design. A comparative allometric study of body lengths in an animal model for human idiopathic-type scoliosis. Objective. To compare body length variation among adult curved and noncurved curveback female guppies. Summary of Background Data. Tallness and/or abnormal anthropometric parameters have been correlated to idiopathic-type scoliosis (IS) in numerous studies. Heritable curvature in curveback has demonstrated morphologic and developmental similarities to human IS. Because control of body length in the guppy is heritable and variable, we investigated whether length might also be correlated to curvature in the curveback population. Methods. Component body lengths were measured from digital photographs for 321 (246 curved and 75 noncurved) females. Sources of experimental variation were omitted by only measuring 2-dimensional curves in mature females all from the same pedigree, and raised under controlled conditions of diet and environment. Body length was divided into 2 component parts (precaudal and caudal). Body lengths were tested statistically for correlation to curvature and curve magnitude. Results. Although absolute length does not correlate to curvature, this survey of length in the curveback model reveals 2 important similarities to anthropometric studies of IS: that there are disproportionate body lengths among females with curvature, and the suggestion of an underlying growth abnormality among curved individuals. Conclusion. In order to better characterize the relationship between growth, length disproportion, and curvature in the guppy, further studies are warranted. However, this inquiry further supports the usefulness of curveback as a model for understanding the basic biology of idiopathic-type scoliosis and encourages study of growth-related factors.


This report consists of articles originally published in the Norwegian issue HiO-rapport 2009 nr 10. The report was produced in honor of PT, PhD Berit Heir Bunkan at her 80th anniversary, June 2009.
These articles demonstrate the contemporary field of Norwegian psychiatric and psychosomatic physiotherapy. Some articles are original, others reprints from other journals.
Utgivelsesdata
Tittel:Aspect of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic PhysiotherapyForfatter(e):Kirsten Ekerholt (red)Serie:HiO rapportIssn:0807-1039Nr:2010 nr 3Utgiver:HiOAvdeling/fakultet:HFSider:229Pris:225,– ISBN-print:978-82-579-4721-7


In a 2 December article entitled "Rising Tide of Sentiment against German Music," critic W. J. Henderson detailed the ways that musical attitudes in the United States had been altered in recent months. Fritz Kreisler and Karl Muck were restricted in their performances, while Schumann-Heink took a temporary break from public concerts. Walter Damrosch and Leopold Stokowski took pains to emphasize their loyalty, but Damrosch's new arrangement of "The Star-Spangled Banner" was criticized for being too ornate. The Original Dixieland Jazz Band and the Original Creole Band continued to ride the wave of jazz popularity. After further delays, the Fifteenth New York National Guard Regiment finally crossed the Atlantic Ocean and prepared to join the war in France.


OPICAL anesthesia has been preferred for T b ronchoscopic examination in our institution because of its greater safety and simplicity. In addition, when the patient is awake, he can cooperate if breath-holding or coughing is required. Suitable premedication is important for increasing patient acceptance and facilitating the examination. A drying agent, combined with a narcotic or barbiturate, has been the customary agent used. Reportsl-4 in the literature suggested that diazepam might be effective for bronchoscopic premedication, and our early experience with it suggested this to be the case. However, isolated occurrences of bronchospasm led to exclusion of bronchoscopy from a list of approved indications.5 Therefore, we undertook this controlled study of efficacy of diazepam for premedication for bronchoscopy.


This paper describes the relative advantages and disadvantages of formal Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (RoSCAs), in contrast with informal RoSCAs, as seen in Argentina. NGOs, it is argued, are not in a good position to use the formal RoSCA structure to developmental advantage, since they could not manage the risk assessment or legal framework necessary with formal RoSCAs, which do not rely on social censure and capital for their operation. This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis.


Acute pancreatitis as a first manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by parathyroid adenoma is exceptionally rare. A 24 year old female presented with pain in the left side of chest , upper abdomen and breathlessness. Laboratory studies showed elevated levels of calcium, amylase, lipase and parathormone. She was found to have associated gall stones, pancreatic and renal medullary calcifications and also left sided pleural effusion. Tc 99m scan showed increased activity of right inferior parathyroid gland. The patient underwent surgical resection of the functioning parathyroid adenoma. Although the actual causal relationship between hypercalcemia and pancreatitis has been a persistent topic of debate, detection of hypercalcemia may be a clue to diagnose PHPT due to parathyroid adenoma.


It is well-known that if one samples from the independent sets of a large regular graph of large girth using a pairwise Markov random field (i.e. hardcore model) in the uniqueness regime, each excluded node has a binomially distributed number of included neighbors in the limit. In this paper, motivated by applications to the design of communication networks, we pose the question of how to sample from the independent sets of such a graph so that the number of included neighbors of each excluded node has a different distribution of our choosing. We observe that higher order Markov random fields are well-suited to this task, and investigate the properties of these models. For the family of so-called reverse ultra log-concave distributions, which includes the truncated Poisson and geometric, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the natural higher order Markov random field which induces the desired distribution to be in the uniqueness regime, in terms of the set of solutions to a certain system of equations. We also show that these Markov random fields undergo a phase transition, and give explicit bounds on the associated critical activity, which we prove to exhibit a certain robustness. For distributions which are small perturbations around the binomial distribution realized by the hardcore model at critical activity, we give a description of the corresponding uniqueness regime in terms of a simple polyhedral cone. Our analysis reveals an interesting non-monotonicity with regards to biasing towards excluded nodes with no included neighbors. We conclude with a broader discussion of the potential use of higher order Markov random fields for analyzing independent sets in graphs.


The utility model belongs to the medical instrument technical field and in particular relates to a disinfection box used for the therapy injection. The disinfection box is characterized in that a cotton swab bin, a cotton ball bin and a muck bin are arranged on the box body. A bird-shaped fetching device is arranged behind the cotton swab bin. The cotton ball bin and the muck bin are equipped with a box cover and a box cover switch. The box cover is controlled by the box cover switch. The disinfection box has the advantages of simple structure, easy fabrication, good appearance, light weight, using and carrying conveniences, etc.


This research aims to simulate models of taxes across Southeast Asia by inserting var models such as environment and gasoline fees. This study is for getting the idea that Southeast Asia imposes an environmental fee based on a regression model derived from Southeast Asia's energy consumption and CO2 emissions adjusted by a 10% additional tax (as a dummy variable). This study was motivated by the European Union's policy suggestions on environmental fees, which could be implemented by Southeast Asia. The log-t methods are used in this study, which allows clustering by countries into additional clubs or convergence groupings, and also for utilizing the test for converging within some panel's states taking into account the variable's panel data. We believe that environmental fees are an essential public policy tool in Southeast Asia for reducing CO2 emissions as well as the effects on pollutants. Gas tax or carbon pollution tax upon the energy and transportation industries have a substantial influence on raising tax collections in addition to economic expansion within Southeast Asia. Power tax could help to fund initiatives that utilize ecologically good energy while limiting the prohibiting the utilization of natural gas or eco-friendly power. In the transportation industry, the environmental taxes' function is to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide caused as a result of less environmentally friendly public transport, as well as to support eco-friendly transport.


(57) [Summary]
(A) a urethane group-containing hydroxy-functional binder component dispersible in water, (B) a binder component containing a blocked isocyanate group and a urethane group dispersible in water, (C) an aminoplast resin dispersible in water, In (D) an optionally water-dispersible hydroxy-functional polyester, and (E) optionally an aqueous paint containing conventional additives in the paint, the binder component (B) comprises the (B1) polyol or polyol. (B2) a isocyanate group-containing polyurethane prepolymer (B1) obtained by preparing a isocyanate group-containing polyurethane prepolymer (B1) from a mixture comprising a polyisocyanate or a mixture of polyisocyanates. Converted to polyurethane prepolymer (B3) reacting the hydroxy-containing polyurethane prepolymer (B2) with an extended chain length with a polyisocyanate or a mixture of polyisocyanates to obtain a different isocyanate group-containing polyurethane prepolymer, and (B4) an isocyanate group-containing chain length Some or all of the isocyanate groups of the extended polyurethane prepolymer (B3) are blocked with a blocking agent, resulting in a polyurethane having blocked isocyanate groups, and optionally (B5) still present free radicals in the polyurethane (B4). An aqueous coating that can be produced by reacting an isocyanate group with a chain extender.


In 2017, an ocean research team launched an unprecedented effort to understand what drives ocean currents in the overlap regions between surf zones and continental shelves.


Abstract Two types of Quaternary fossiliferous marine deposits with similar faunal assemblages are widespread in the McMurdo Sound Region. The older, named Scallop Hill Formation, consists of cemented tuffaceous sandstones, grits, and conglomerates containing the extinct thick-shelled Jamellibranch Chlamys (Zygochlamys) anderssoni (Hennig), and is probably of an early Pleistocene interglacial age. The younger, named Taylor Formation, consists of frozen but unconsolidated marine sediments containing the recent thin-shelled Adamussium colbecki (Smith), and although most occurrences are Postglacial some may be of Last Interglacial age. Recently discovered and previously described quarternary fossil localities are listed in appendices. Systematic data on Polyzoa from the deposits are recorded in a separate appendix by D. A. Brown.


In this paper, we have investigated the Bungee set of composition of two transcendental entire functions. We have provided a class of permutable entire functions for which their Bungee sets are equal. Moreover, we have obtained a result on permutable entire functions for which the escaping set of the composite entire function equals the union of the escaping sets of the two functions. In addition, we establish important relations between the Bungee set, Escaping set and Filled Julia set of composite entire functions with that of its individual functions.


Objective: To explore the influence of insomnia therapeutic apparatus and foot-bath of Chinese medicine on blood pressure and sleep quality of senile patients with hypertension. Methods: The patients aged above60 years, who met diagnostic standard of hypertension accompanied with sleep disorders, were divided into the treatment group and the control group according to random number table. They were given with insomnia therapeutic apparatus and foot-bath of Chinese medicine, western medicine estazolam for 14 days respectively. Blood pressure of the patients were observed, sleep quality of the patients was assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI). Results: The difference was significant in systolic pressure and diastolic pressure when both groups after treating were compared with before treating(P0.01), there was signfincant difference in systolic pressure and diastolic pressure when the treatment group was compared with the control group after treating(P0.05). PSQI factors and total scales of both groups were decreased obviously at the discharging time when they were compared with admission time(P0.05), PSQI factors and total scales of the treatment group were lower than these of the control group(P0.05).Total effective rate of the treatment group was 91.4%, higher than 82.8% of the control group with notable difference(P0.05). Conclusion: Based on routine treatment of lowering blood pressure, insomnia therapeutic apparatus and foot-bath of Chinese medicine could effectively improve the level of blood pressure and sleep disorder of senile patients with hypertension.


Ultrasound cavitation (US), coagulation treatment (natural coagulant chitosan and synthetic coagulant ferric chloride (FeCl3)) and activated carbon as adsorbent were applied for treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent (POME). The findings showed that for US alone, increasing pH >11 COD removal increased due to more hydroxyl radical (OH·) present in alkali solution phase. The COD, colour and TSS removal at pH 11 were 26.3%, 52.7% and 58.2%, respectively after 60 min. Application of coagulants (Chitosan and FeCl3) required acidic medium for coagulation (i.e. between pH 4.5 and 5) to be effective. A dosage of 100 mg/L chitosan at pH 4.5 removed 15.4% COD, 85.8% colour and 97% TSS from POME. A dosage of 450 mg/L FeCl3 at pH 5 removed 38.54% COD, 88.6% colour and 91.5% TSS. It was observed that FeCl3 removed COD better than chitosan. Adsorption studies indicated that 800 mg/L of activated carbon removed 64.3% COD, 99.16% colour and 99.5% TSS. The dosage needed for adsorption was much higher compared to chitosan and FeCl3 coagulants required. However, activated carbon could be recycled and reused. The hybrid treatment of ultrasound cavitation and coagulation (US-FeCl3) removed 56.3% COD, 92.4% colour and 96% TSS. The US-Chitosan removed 35.1% COD, 86.8% colour and TSS 89.2%. The eventual hybrid treatment of ultrasound cavitation, FeCl3 coagulation and activated carbon adsorption in series removed BOD5 89.7%, COD 88.1%, colour 99.9% and TSS 99.5% cumulatively. The final effluent concentration of the treated POME was in the accepted range set by Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. The study showed that a combination of ultrasound cavitation, adsorption and coagulation (Chitosan and FeCl3) treatments were effective for removal of BOD5, COD, colour and TSS in POME wastewater. In addition, the efficiency of the treatment will further improve when these treatment technologies are combined. INTRODUCTION Malaysia contributes about 39% of the world palm oil production and this translates to 44% of palm oil world export [1]. Therefore, palm oil is a very important sector and significantly affects the gross domestic product (GDP) of Malaysia. Due to the importance of palm oil industry, large area of land has been converted into oil palm plantation estate, at the same time, many more palm oil mills have been built to process the increasing amount of oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) into crude palm oil. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) generated by processing 1 ton of FFB, contains about 29-30 kg at 30C, 3-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD3) [2]. From the data of POME produced in year 2014, if the raw POME is discharged into the environment without any further treatment, the BOD discharged would be equal to the waste generated by 75 million people, which is the 2.5 times of the current Malaysia population [3]. The most popular method to treat the POME in Malaysia is using the ponding system as it has a low equipment cost and it is easy to operate. There are more than 85% of palm oil mills that have adopted this method to reduce the BOD of POME to reach an acceptable limit, which is less than 100 mg/L (West Malaysia) and 50 mg/L (East Malaysia). Due to the pollution potential of the POME, the Department of Environment, Malaysia has proposed more stringent regulation on the discharge limit of POME. For example, decrease of the BOD discharge limit from 100 to 20 mg/L. 6th International Conference on Environment (ICENV2018) AIP Conf. Proc. 2124, 020008-1–020008-12; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117068 Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1864-6/$30.00 020008-1 This will be challenging for all the palm oil mills in Malaysia. Therefore, an effective polishing technology is needed to degrade the POME before discharged [1]. In the ponding system, the POME undergoes biological treatments which includes anaerobic digestion process followed by aerobic ponding with hydraulic retention time of 40 d or more. However, ponding system has some drawbacks which are long hydraulic retention time (HRT), huge land needed and the release of greenhouse gases (methane). There are also many palm oil mills which are unable to achieve the discharge limit by using ponding system [3]. Ultrasonication (US) is an irradiation of ultrasound with frequency beyond the normal hearing range of humans (>15–20 kHz) or it is simply mechanical waves at a frequency above the threshold of human hearing. It can be generated at a broad range of frequencies and acoustic intensities. It has been widely used as a green technology to treat various wastewaters with higher degradation rates and shorter reaction times compared to conventional methods [4, 5]. Cavitation is the formation, growth and subsequent collapse of bubbles over a small time period which results in the generation of large magnitudes of energy over specific location [3]. There are four types of cavitation which are acoustic (ultrasound), hydrodynamic, optic and particle cavitation. Among these four types of cavitation, acoustic cavitation and hydrodynamic cavitation is the most common and have been investigated. US cavitation occurs when a passage of very high frequency sound wave of 16-100 kHz transmit through wastewater. Hydrodynamic cavitation occurs when a liquid passes through a constriction. Ultrasound cavitation which degrades pollutants can occur either through pyrolysis of pollutants or through the production of OH· [5]. Pollutants which are volatile, non-polar and hydrophobic can easily enter into the cavitation bubbles and exposed to the collapsing conditions of bubbles [3, 6]. The advantages of using ultrasound technology as an environmentally friendly, compact and low-cost wastewater treatment option is notable. Ultrasonication is expected to decompose complex organic pollutants in the effluent due to the formation and collapse of high-energy cavitation bubbles [5]. This method has been reported to be successful in several processes such as bioprocesses, biohydrogen production, aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes [7-11] etc. Chitosan is a kind of biopolymer coagulants which is non-toxic, biodegradable, renewable and environmental friendly [12]. Chitosan is a type of marine polymer which has been widely used in practical fields such as wastewater management, pharmacology, bio-chemistry and biomedical. Chitosan is a cellulose-like polyelectrolyte biopolymer which derived from de-acetylation of chitin. Chitin can be easily found in marine nature, it is occurring in the insects, yeast, fungi and exoskeletons of crustaceans [13]. Chitosan contains high amount of amino functions that provide novel binding properties for heavy metals in waste water [14]. Chitosan can coagulate effectively at pH less than 4.5 as strong acidic condition exaggerates POME to form unstable flocs [15]. There are no reported literatures on the hybrid ultrasonic cavitation/adsorption and coagulation treatment of POME as an alternative to ponding system. The main focus of the research was the treatment of POME through the combination of ultrasound cavitation, adsorption using activated carbon along with pretreatment or post-treatment using natural and synthetic coagulants. The objective of the study was to investigate the polishing and reduction of organics in order to decrease the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the POME. To achieve this, the optimization of the ultrasound cavitation in reducing pollutants in POME, determination of the optimum dosage of adsorbent (activated carbon), chitosan and ferric chloride (FeCl3) and the performance of the hybrid POME treatment by combining ultrasound cavitation/adsorption and coagulation for treatment of the POME so as to meet the effluent discharge standards was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Basically, the POME and chemicals used were the materials required for the study. Wastewater Sample Collection POME was collected from a nearby local production mill in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia. It was collected from the initial discharge of the raw POME. The POME were freshly collected when needed.


Developing countries are increasing their reliance on technology to modernize their industries, and the healthcare industry is no exception. Their governments, healthcare ministries, and public health officials are utilizing IT solutions to improve health outcomes. International Health and Human Services (HHS) organizations such as the World Health Organization, the International Red Cross, and U.S. agencies such as USAID are assisting them by:


Grape pomace (GP) is a by-product of wine industry that despite its substantial bioactive compounds content is vastly discarded during winemaking process. The present review aimed to summarize recent evidence on the biological, metabolic, nutritional and sensory properties of grape pomace flour (GPF) supplemented foods administrated to different models. In this sense, the search was carried out in the electronic databases "PubMed", "Google Scholar" and "SCOPUS" and comprised studies that used grape pomace as its totality for the flour productions. GPF demonstrated a high dietary fiber and polyphenolic content that caused notable changes in organoleptic characteristics such as the color and texture of fortified foods and metabolic features. In some pre-clinical and clinical studies, an increase in antioxidant and anti-glycemic profile and a decrease in blood pressure have been observed, suggesting GPF as a possible health promoting agent when used as a food fortifier. Keywords: grape pomace flour, fortified foods, phenolic compound, dietary fiber


Iterative algorithm using LaiGang Steel body blanks 80T converter to transform,so that the material control system more complete,more precise feeding amount,the system runs more stable,with favorable results,greatly reducing the converter feeding time.Equipment failure rate decreased.


Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been studied in Artemia salina embryos and larvae by quantitative, histochemical, and electrophoretic methods. An AChE activity is present in dehydrated encysted gastrulae and remains low in rehydrated developing embryos, showing at hatching an increase that becomes faster during the nauplius stages (twice the gastrula activity at the nauplius II stage), and continues linearly in the first metanauplius stages. The histochemical staining, faint and diffuse in dehydrated gastrulae, in more advanced embryos becomes localized in cell membranes and stronger in differentiating tissues; most AChE activity is localized in the nervous and muscular cells, and a fainter one in the differentiating metanauplius segments. Dehydrated cysts show one electrophoretic AChE band, that is no longer detectable in rehydrated embryos and larvae, while two other bands appear, that migrate more slowly; in advanced larval stages, the more cathodic band is predominant. In dehydrated cysts, isoelectric focusing separates three AChE bands with isoelectric points (IP) at pH 5.0, 5.7, and 5.9; in hydrated embryos and larvae, the band at pH 5.0 is absent and another is seen at pH 5.5. Eserine, DFP, and BW284c51 inhibit the enzyme activity strongly and cause paralysis of larvae; also tubocurarine blocks the motility. These results are discussed in relation to the differentiation of the neuromuscular system and to the development of motility. As a hypothesis, in early embryonic stages, before any neuromuscular differentiation is evident, a cholinergic-like system might regulate non-neural cell activities and interactions, associated with embryogenetic events.


The iPusnas application is a digital library platform that allows users to borrow and read books online, free, and legally. Digital libraries provide literacy facilities without having to come to the library, take part in reducing the spread of the Covid-19 virus, and one of the government's efforts to increase reading interest in Indonesia. User experience in using the application usually conveyed in form of positive or negative reviews on Google Play which can be used to determine the quality of an application. However, too many reviews often make it difficult for readers to conclude the contents of the reviews. Based on that, this research aims to determine user sentiment of iPusnas application by conducting sentiment analysis using Support Vector Machine. The dataset used is iPusnas application reviews on Google Play with 6.946 clean data. Classification produces 94,24% accuracy, 92,38% precision, 83,86% recall, and 87,82% f1-score. This application has 75.1% positive sentiment and 24.9% negative sentiment with a list of frequently appearing words displayed in wordcloud. The final result of this analysis can be used as an evaluation to determine the steps for developing the application to be more optimal so that it can provide a better user experience.


Background The optimum screening programme for developmental dysplasia of the hip remains elusive. Ireland has introduced a new national screening guideline based on selective USS. Aim This study aims to determine the sensitivity of the new national guideline through a retrospective audit in one large teaching hospital. Methods All infants referred for DDH imaging between 08/09/18 and 08/03/19 were included in the study. Infants with a normal USS (table 1) at 6 weeks were followed to radiograph at 6 months. A chart review of all infants with normal USS but abnormal or concerning radiograph was conducted to determine outcome.Abstract GP12 Table 1 DDH No DDH Hip USS + ve True PositiveN = 61 Presume N = 0 as charts not reviewed PPV - not calculated Hip USS - ve False NegativeN = 61 True NegativeN = 477 NPV = TN/FN + TN NPV = 88.6 % Sensitivity = TP/TP +FN Sensitivity = 50% Results 716 infants (17.3% of births) were referred for imaging based on clinical exam and current risk criteria. Of these, 655 infants (91.5%) had normal USS hips at 6 weeks. At 6 months 158 infants (24%) with normal USS had an abnormal or concerning x-ray pelvis. 131 (11.6%) were subject to surveillance but later discharged. 61 (9.3%) remain under surveillance, 13 (2%) required bracing. 74 (11%) DNA'd follow up appointments. To date none of the infants who had a normal USS have required surgery. Discussion and conclusion A retrospective audit using USS with the addition of radiograph identified a potential 0 - 9.3% false negative rate and a sensitivity of 50%. While these figures are concerning, following the 61 infants currently under surveillance is important. Should no infant with normal USS require surgery clinicians may be more confident in the new national guideline.


The Role of Working Memory in Implicit and Explicit Language Learning Kaitlyn M. Tagarelli (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Linguistics, Georgetown University 37 th and O Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057 Mailce Borges-Mota (email@example.com) Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, Federal University of Santa Catarina CCE – Building B, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil Patrick Rebuschat (email@example.com) Department of Linguistics, Georgetown University 37 th and O Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20057 Abstract The Role of Context Working memory capacity (WMC) has been shown to correlate with performance on complex cognitive tasks, including language comprehension and production. However, some scholars have suggested that performance outcomes result from an interaction between individual differences (IDs), such as WMC, and learning conditions (Robinson, 2005a). Reber, Walkenfeld, and Hernstadt (1991) specifically claimed that IDs influence performance on explicit, but not implicit, processes. In this study, English native- speakers were exposed to a semi-artificial language under incidental or rule-search conditions, and their WMC was measured by two complex-span tasks. Both conditions produced a clear learning effect, with an advantage for the rule-search group. No significant correlations between overall performance on a grammaticality judgment task and WM scores were found for either group. However, WMC predicted performance on grammatical items for the rule-search group. These results support Reber et al.'s (1991) claim that aptitude measures may only be predictive of learning in explicit conditions. Keywords: implicit learning; explicit learning; working memory Introduction Working memory has been shown to play a role in many aspects of first language (L1) processing and performance. Yet because of certain limitations on second language (L2) learners, such as maturational constraints, WM may be more important in L2 than in L1 (Miyake & Friedman, 1998). Many studies have found relationships between WM and L2 proficiency and development. WM capacity (WMC) has been shown to positively correlate with performance on sections of the TOEFL, reading comprehension abilities (for a review, see Miyake & Friedman, 1998), gender and number agreement processing (Sagarra & Herschensohn, 2010), the ability to make use of interactional feedback in classroom settings (Mackey, Philp, Egi, Fujii, et al., 2002), and L2 proficiency (van den Noort, Bosch, and Hugdahl, 2006). Overall, the evidence suggests that WMC plays a role in L2 acquisition. However, the predictive power of WMC may be mediated by learning conditions. Research into individual differences (IDs) and pedagogical approaches to L2 acquisition have recently merged because of the inextricable link between the two. Skehan (2002) has suggested that aptitude is more predictive of L2 acquisition success in formal, structured learning contexts. Support for combining these lines of research has also come from Robinson (2002) and Erlam (2005), who expressed that "a particular method of instruction may not (...) benefit all learners uniformly" (p. 147). However, Robinson and Erlam make no claims about whether IDs should have a greater effect in one learning condition than in others. Research in cognitive psychology suggests that there should be differences in how aptitude influences learning in implicit and explicit conditions because these two systems are fundamentally distinct. Reber et al. (1991) explain this distinction by evoking the idea of the "primacy of the implicit" (p. 888). The basis of this primacy is that implicit processes have older biological substrates, which vary little among "corticated species" (Reber, 1989, p. 232), and even less from human to human. Thus, implicit processes should be more robust than explicit processes, unconscious functions should operate relatively uniformly within the population as compared to conscious functions, and IDs should not contribute to variance in implicit processes, but should in explicit processes. Studies that investigate implicit and explicit learning adhere to several fundamental criteria when operationalizing these conditions. In explicit conditions, subjects are made aware that they are supposed to learn something, and they usually know that they will be tested. There are two main options for explicit conditions. In rule-search conditions, subjects are exposed to the system to be learned and instructed to find rules. Alternatively, subjects can be presented with rules (rule-instruction) and exposed to the system. In some cases, explicit conditions consist of simply drawing the subjects' attention to the target structure without indicating that there is a system to be learned (awareness raising). In implicit conditions, subjects are not informed about the true purpose of the experiment; they do not know that they should be learning something or that