Canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis is a debilitating, oral mucosal disorder of dogs. A commonly held hypothesis for pathogenesis is that bacterial plaque on tooth surfaces is responsible for the ulcerative mucosal lesions. As such, therapy has focused on full-mouth, tooth extraction. Recent studies revealed a unique leukocyte profile in canine ulcerative stomatitis that is amenable to immune modulating therapy. What remains unknown is the role bacteria may play in dysbiosis and immune-inflammatory mechanisms. The microbiota of canine ulcerative stomatitis has not been characterized. Aims of the present study include determination of the microbiome of mucosal lesions in canine ulcerative stomatitis and that of the supragingival plaque of the opposing tooth. The microbiota of these surfaces was compared to healthy mucosa in the canine ulcerative stomatitis patient, and three non-stomatitis control patients. Our hypothesis was that specific microbial species or complexes are associated with ulcerative stomatitis. DNA from 100 clinical samples was evaluated using Next Generation Sequencing methods and was analyzed using LDA Effect Size and the non-parametric factorial Kruskal-Wallis sum-rank test. Statistically significant differences in species were determined from mucosal ulcers versus normal sites in ulcerative stomatitis patients. Species that were more prevalent on the ulcer lesions included putative periodontal pathogens, such as a Tannerella forsythia-like phylotype and Porphyromonas gingivicanis, a species related to the human pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. The microbial profile of the supragingival plaque of the abutting tooth to the ulcer revealed similar pathogens. This study showed that in dogs with stomatitis, the mucosal ulcer is inhabited by a unique, species-specific bacterial community and suggests significant differences between the oral mucosa of healthy dogs, dogs with severe periodontal disease, or dogs with oral mucosal tumors. Based on our results, full-mouth, tooth extraction may not be the optimal treatment of the disease.


the cancer in the blood cells is known as Leukemia. It used to develop generally in the bone marrow. The blood cells are formed mostly in the soft material of the bone. Blood cells are of three types: red blood cell that mostly carry oxygen to different parts of the bod, white blood cell generally used to fight with infection and the last one is the platelets which help in clotting of the blood. It generally hampers If there is a problem in blood cell production and then leukemia develops .It usually affects the white blood cells... Microscopic picture samples from pathology are taken and reviewed visually by the medical specialist but the procedure is quiet lengthy and time consuming, less accurate as well as depends on operator expertise which causes late detection. The test executed to detect the cancer cell is the channel cytometric test which is used to identify and count specific cells from blood but it is expensive and we can't be able to afford the hardware . This paper proposes an automatic digitized image processing framework to overcome related aggravations in visual analysis and to provide the early detection of disease with dredge up the type of the blood cancer.


Background : Glomus tumors are benign highly vascular neoplasms, originating from glomus body and sprout in subcutaneous layer of acral parts, particularly subangual or digital pulp locations. Extra digital glomus tumors were reported in palm, feet, ear, tongue, nose, mouth, vagina and glans penis. Extra cutaneous glomus was rarely seen in gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, mediastinum, trachea, and cervix, with infrequent occurrence in muscles, bones, periosteal, and intraneural layers. The subcutaneous layer of forearm is the most common extra digital location; however, it is exceedingly rare in intravascular layer of forearm. We are reporting an intracephalic glomus tumor presenting as peripheral neuropathic pain. This presentation was not previously reported in literature. Case report: A 38 - year - old male presented with two years history of spontaneous and nocturnal right forearm pain, provoked by exposure to cold, light touch or brushing of skin. Non painful stimulus and painless touch evoked allodynia, and hyperesthesia respectively. Neurologic examination was negative apart from focal tenderness with no sensory alterations. Grey scale and colored ultrasound, MR and CT venography demonstrated an echo poor small round and avidly enhancing lesion in right cephalic vein. Complete surgical excisional resection was performed. Gross examination revealed dark-red, well defined soft tissue tumor, and histopathology confirmed glomus tumor. Symptoms completely resolved postoperatively. Conclusion: Intravascular glomus tumors rarely occur in forearm; and exceedingly rare to present as neuropathic pain, therefore, comprehensive history, and thorough physical examination, neuroimaging techniques, and early surgical excision will likely prevent delayed or incorrect diagnosis .


Time delay generates exponential transcendental terms in characteristic equations. Subsequently, the applied methods are narrow to assess the stability map of delayed fractional-order systems with vanishing fractions. In this case, it is convenient to approximate these equations with its integer-order counterparts to design controllers or investigate features of the systems. However, delay can cause enormous differences between characteristic of these two equations. This study offers a method to survey analytically the stability of fractional-order time delayed linear time invariant systems with infinitesimal fractions. In this method, equations are transferred to an explicit expression which enables one to analyse stability of retarded, neutral and even integer-order systems simultaneously.


Transition to a new technological mode not only leads to the emergence of new opportunities and directions of industrial development, but also causes the need for the formation of new innovative ways of production and commercial activities, the creation of new forms and technologies of enterprise management. The choice of strategy for the development of Russian pharmaceuticals in a new industrialization is complicated by the specifics of the industry. On the one hand, pharmaceutical companies, as a part of the health care system, are uniquely valuable for society and carry an extremely important mission. Innovative medicines developed today, without exaggeration, can change the future of mankind. On the other hand, the production and circulation of pharmaceutical products in Russia is under strict control of the state. The strengthening of state regulation artificially restricts the use of innovative sales technologies and non-traditional sales channels. This leads to a systematic and long-term decline in profitability, which negatively affects the investment attractiveness of the industry.


In this paper survivability assessment method based on logical probabilistic models was adapted to enterprise communication network information security system for determining the behavior of the elements and security system in general after the destabilizing factors influence.


Modulators based on free-carrier plasma dispersion effect has attracted a lot of attention in the recent years. Particularly, a lot of effort is dedicated nowadays into optimizing carrier accumulation silicon modulators. In this work a novel structure of carrier accumulation modulator is proposed and analyzed. The structure is based on interleaved capacitors in a periodic segmented waveguide such as SubWavelength Gratings (SWG) waveguides. This new structure overcomes the major limitation of carrier accumulation structures, which is the limited overlap of the optical mode with the region where the carrier accumulation takes place. The analysis of this novel structure is presented in detail from the optical and the electrical point of view. Furthermore, the procedure to analyze and extract the modulator performance is also presented. Values of modulation efficiency and loss below 0.5Vcm and 5 dB respectively were obtained for the proposed modulator.


Three experiments examined the role of the degree of temporal contiguity between an action and an outcome in human causality judgement. In all the experiments subjects were required to perform an action—pressing a key on a computer keyboard—and to judge the extent to which the action caused an outcome on the computer screen to occur. The action and outcome occurred on a free-operant schedule. In the first experiment a 2-sec delay between the action and outcome reduced causality judgements relative to a situation in which there was no delay. In the second experiment judgements in conditions with delays of 0, 4, 8, and 16 sec were compared with judgements in conditions in which the same pattern of outcomes occurred non-contingently with respect to the subjects' responding. In both of these experiments the events were controlled by random ratio schedules, following the procedure of Wasserman, Chatlosh, and Neunaber (1983), in which each condition was divided into 1-sec intervals. In the third experiment judgements in conditions with delays of 0, 2, 4, or 8 sec were compared in a continuous procedure rather than one divided into 1-sec intervals. In all experiments the increasing delays led to progressively lower judgements of causality. The results are related to three accounts of the mechanism underlying human causality judgement and are also compared with results from analogous animal conditioning studies.


Recently Nahman Avigad (1978) published two bullae and a seal which, with a high degree of probability, belonged to three biblical personalities. Because the time periods when these three persons flourished are rather precisely known, these inscriptions offer a convenient test of the paleographic dating procedures refined primarily by Frank M. Cross (1961; 1962a; 1962b) and supplemented by my paleographic treatment of the Northwest Semitic Iron Age seals (Herr 1978).


Oregon sued a certain American well-known supplements'agency contained illegal ingredients on Oct.22, 2015. The event presented that FDA showed the problem of the management issues on the supplement ingredients. This event also triggered the discussions about the role of supervisation and law enforcement of FDA and State government. This paper aimed to systematically analyze the related problems in such issue and tried to offer suggestion of food regulation and ingredient management to the researchers and administrators in China.

Key words:
Health food; United States Food and Drug Administration; Dietary supplement; Ingredient management


The paper is dedicated to the study of corporate car sharing in the enterprise, the development of theoretical statements and the elaboration of organizational and methodological apparatus for the implementation of car sharing in the enterprise operation. The authors present a general method of corporate car sharing application that consequently represents the development of stages. In aggregate, they form the implementation of the proposed service instead of the existing transportation service. Car sharing as a type of car use in enterprise operation is the object of the study. The method presented has been tested. The efficiency of the car sharing application at transportation service of personnel is estimated. The results obtained are illustrative of positive strategic situation at the enterprise


Introduction/Aim: Homicide-suicides (H-S) are those suicides that occur after a person commits one or more murders. This social phenomenon occurs in the context of family tragedies. The frequency is low, but due to the tragic outcome, there is a need for researchers worldwide to address this topic. The aim of this study was to analyze the forensic aspects of H-S with special reference to the demographic characteristics of the perpetrator, the way of committing murder and suicide, and the mutual relationship between the victim and the perpetrator of H-S, in order to understand the circumstances under which it occurs, as well as the risk of this social phenomena. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study covered an eight-year (2015-2022) period. The study included individuals who committed suicide after committing one or more homicides. Data were obtained from autopsy and police reports from the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade. Demographic characteristics, circumstances of the case, number and localization of wounds, hetero-amnestic data, relationships between victims and killers, motives, and toxicological analysis were analyzed. Results: 19 cases of H-S and 39 victims were observed. The majority of victims were female (80%), and the killers were male (89.5%). The killers were 4.9 years older than the victims. The highest percentage of murderers were not been highly educated (84.2%), and a lot of them had a psychiatric diagnosis (47.4%). For both components of H-S, firearms were most often used (70-73.7%). Most of them were in the family (90%), specifically in emotional relationships (60%). The leading motives were jealousy (45%), family and financial problems (25%), and mercy (15%). Conclusion: H-S occurs within the family, most often using firearms by men from the lower social class, who have previously shown critical behavior. The reasons that lead to H-S are jealousy, quarrels, and illness. By identifying some of the components of H-S, it is possible to prevent their occurrence.


To study directly the effects of hypoxia on the mammalian embryo, rat embryos at the 14-, 22-, and 35-somite stages were explanted into the in vitro system of New. The initial heart rates in the three groups did not differ. With hypoxia the 22- and 35-somite embryos responded with a prompt heart-rate drop but no significant effect was found in the 14-somite embryos. Irreversible sludging of yolksac circulation was associated with death in the older embryos.


Conclusion. Topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) hydrogel facilitates faster healing from traumatic facial paralysis due to continuous release of bFGF. Objectives. bFGF is considered a potent agent to facilitate recovery from neuronal damage; however, exogenously applied bFGF does not work well because of its short acting time. To enhance the effects in vivo, we developed a new drug delivery system by embedding bFGF in a gelatin hydrogel that degrades slowly. In this study, the effects of bFGF-hydrogel on traumatic facial nerve paralysis were investigated in guinea pigs. Methods. The intratemporal facial nerve was exposed and clamped at the vertical portion using micro needle forceps. The animals were then subjected to one of the following three procedures: group A, no further treatment; group B, one-shot application of bFGF to the nerve; and group C, application of bFGF-hydrogel instead. Six weeks later, facial nerve functions were evaluated by three test batteries: observation of facial movements, electrophysiological testing, and histological study. Results. The results for groups A and B were similar in the three tests, indicating that one-shot application of bFGF did not benefit facial nerve recovery. In contrast, group C achieved better results in all tests.


In this paper, a reconfigurable antenna with continuously tunable linear polarization angles is designed. The linear polarization (LP) wave comes from the superposition of a pair of left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) wave and right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) wave with equal amplitude and out-of-phase. The rotation of the polarization angle of LP wave is controlled by the phase difference between the LHCP and RHCP waves. A reconfigurable phase-shift network based on quasi-reflection phase shifter and a switch circuit are designed to match the dual CP microstrip patch. Simulation results show that the LP angle can be continuously tunable from −96°to +96°. The antenna maintains a cross-polarization discrimination better than 18.8 dB and a stable pattern at 5 GHz various polarization angles.


We study the relation between geographical proximity of firms that a director belongs to and his ability to retain such directorships. Using the filing of securities class actions as an exogenous shock, we find that local directors – who serve on firms geographically close to the sued firm – lose more board appointments in other firms, compared to nonlocal directors. Local directors are also more likely to lose committee seats even if they retain board seats in the interlocked firms. They are also less likely to obtain new
committee seats when they gain new directorships in the future. Our evidence suggests that the effects of negative information transmission among local businesses outweighs the positive effects of familiarity and mutual trust formed between local directors. Overall, local directors suffer more after lawsuits.


We study sustained oscillations in two-dimensional oscillator systems driven by Rayleigh-type negative friction. In particular, we investigate the influence of mismatch of the two frequencies. Further we study the influence of external noise and nonlinearity of the conservative forces. Our consideration is restricted to the case that the driving is rather weak and that the forces show only weak deviations from radial symmetry. For this case we provide results for the attractors and the bifurcations of the system. We show that for rational relations of the frequencies the system develops several rotational excitations with right/left symmetry, corresponding to limit cycles in the four-dimensional phase space. The corresponding noisy distributions have the form of hoops or tires in the four-dimensional space. For irrational frequency relations, as well as for increasing strength of driving or noise the periodic excitations are replaced by chaotic oscillations.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of "resilience" by disentangling the contentious interactions of various parameters that define and guide resilience trajectories, such as the physical infrastructure, socio-spatial inequalities, path dependencies, power relationships, competing discourses and human agency. This socio-political reconstruction of "resilience" is needed for two reasons: the concept of resilience becomes more responsive to the complex realities on the ground, and the discussion moves toward the promotion of more dynamic recovery governance models that can promote socially just allocated redundancy in housing actions, which could be seen as a key to incubating resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper that mobilizes theories of urban political ecology, social innovation and housing with the aim to examine the tensions between various discourses that steer housing production during post-disaster recovery processes, and put a spotlight on the heterogeneity in the transformative capacity of the various actors, institutions and visions of housing systems that preexist or emerge in the post-disaster city. This heterogeneity of actors (i.e. growth coalitions, neighborhood associations and housing cooperatives) consequently leads the discussion toward the investigation of "new" roles of the state in formulating relevant disaster governance models and housing (re)construction systems.

Findings

The initial stress produced by a natural event is often extended because of long-term unmet housing needs. The repercussion of this prolonged stress is a loss of social progress partly due to the reiterated oppression of alternative housing production propositions. In this paper, the authors conclude that an asset-based community development approach to recovery can provide an antidote to the vicious cycles of social stress by opening up diverse housing options. This means that the recovery destiny is not predetermined according to pre-set ideas but is molded by the various bottom-up dynamics that democratically sketch the final socially desirable reconstruction outcome(s).

Originality/value

The contribution of this paper is twofold. By using theoretical insights from urban political ecology, housing studies and social innovation, the paper first builds up onto the current reconstruction of the notion of disaster resilience. Second, by identifying a heterogeneity of "social resilience cells", the paper leads the discussion toward the investigation of the "new" role of the state in formulating relevant recovery governance models. In this respect, the paper builds a narrative of social justice in terms of the redistribution of resources and the cultivation of empowerment across the various housing providers who struggle for their right to the reconstruction experiment.


An advanced breadboard Power Processing Unit (PPU) for a low power ion propulsion system incorporating mass reduction techniques was designed and fabricated. As a result of similar output current requirements, the discharge supply was also used to provide the neutralizer heater and discharge heater functions by using three relays to switch the output connections. This multi-function supply reduces to four the number of power converters needed to produce the required six electrical outputs. Switching frequencies of 20 and 50 kHz were chosen as a compromise between the size of the magnetic components and switching losses. The advanced breadboard PPU is capable of a maximum total output power of 0.47 kW. Its component mass is 0.65 kg and its total mass 1.9 kg. The total efficiency at full power is 0.89.


ABSTRACT While it is well known that new technologies enhance consumer welfare, the manner in which these technologies impact the ability to realize economies of scale in consumption is not well understood. We use Sri Lankan household data to examine how the adoption of new technologies by households positively impacts their ability to achieve household economies of scale. This suggests that new technologies not only deliver a greater variety of consumption goods to consumers, but they may also play an important role in enabling large households to escape poverty by lowering the per-capita costs of maintaining a given standard of living. Given the importance of consumption economies of scale in the measurement of poverty, this study provides some insights on the extent to which the number of poor households changes when food consumption scale economies due to technology adoption in the domestic sphere are incorporated.


Copper Sulfide (CuS) thin films were deposited onto a glass substrate using the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique. The chemical bath Precursors were made up of CuSO4, SC(NH2)2, and C4H6O6. Different parameters have been considered to specify the optimum conditions for fabricating CuS thin films, such as solution temperature, deposition time, pH level, and different precursor concentrations. It has been found that the optimum deposition time is 20 min at temperature 80 °C and pH = 11. The optimum precursor concentrations were 0.15 M, 0.2 M, and 0.1 M of CuSO4, SC(NH2)2, and C4H6O6, respectively. The structural properties of the thin film were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a single peak was observed for the thin film made at optimum conditions, while all other cases were amorphous. It is obvious from the optical characterization that the transmission spectra show a red-shift for the cases of increasing deposition time, bath temperature, C4H6O6 concentration, and pH. For the case of increasing CuSO4, blue shifts in the transmission spectra were observed. The energy band gap, resistivity, and activation energy of CuS thin films under optimum conditions are 2.35 eV, 0.7 Ω·cm, and 0.0152 eV, respectively.


Target detection aims to locate targets of interest within a specific scene. The traditional model-driven detectors based on signal processing have proved to be very effective. However, the detection performance of such traditional methods relies heavily on the model assumption, which is limited by the discrepancy with real hyperspectral images (HSIs) data. In this article, a target detection method through tree-structured encoding (TD-TSE) for HSIs is proposed. Instead of modeling the target and the background to extract valid features, we construct a binary tree based on the features of the data itself and segment the HSI to improve the separability of the target and the background. For the purpose of highlighting the target and suppressing the background, a novel measurement of separation, distance on tree, is calculated via binary encoding based on the constructed tree structure, and the detection output can be obtained according to such distance. To further reduce the generalization error resulting from random subsampling, the statistical average of the distances on multiple independent trees is estimated to improve the robustness of TD-TSE. The proposed method is not constrained by any model assumptions, which is fundamentally different from the most widely used hyperspectral target detectors in the field of signal processing. Moreover, the construction of binary trees without any labeled samples and the linear complexity of the proposed method make it highly practical for the hyperspectral data in real scenes. Extensive experiments on three benchmark HSI data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed TD-TSE for hyperspectral target detection.


The embodiment of the invention aims at providing a multiprotocol label exchanged ring network protection method, device and system for solving the problems that the traditional ring network protection scheme of MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) has complex configuration and network resources have high expenditure. The system comprises a ring-inlet node, a ring network node and a ring-outlet node. By adopting the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, a message is forwarded according to configuration information of a ring network protection channel label instead of a non-service label when the outmost layer label of the message is the ring network protection channel label and an outgoing interface of the message is not protected and switched. The invention provides the same protection channel for messages of different service labels and solves the problems that the traditional ring network protection scheme of the MPLS has complex configuration and network resources have high expenditure.


is a cliche concerning music, and music in music education, that deserves to be repeated because it contains an exquisite truth about the use of music, and the music experience. It is a cliche which fortifies us in music education when we begin to wonder just how important we really are in the educational scheme of things. And in these days of social and educational turmoil (and of decreasing financial support for our programs) we often wonder. And we ought to. The cliche, stated very simply, is that music provides us who listen to it (among other things) with solace at a deep level, at a personal and intimate and private level, down there where we feel and choke up in our helplessness because we are, after all, merely human beings, who can only withstand so much, only control and restrain so much, before the avalanche of feeling and memory overwhelm us. There is more to music than just this, of course, for music wends its way into every kind of personal and social thought. In my recent journeys around the curriculum as I work at the task of preparing college and community college teachers (in all subject areas), I have learned to have a new and heightened respect for the contribution of music to the educational experience a respect for what it is, for what we do, and mostly for what we can do through the activity of this glorious art form in education. This comes to me ever so clearly as I examine at close quarters, now, the dubious curricula of many areas, the superficial activities, many of which are solely utilitarian, frequently out of date, and which are often taught and conceived without imagination, thoroughness, or tested results. (There is a more positive side, too, of course, but I am


Objective To analyze the situation of applied talents cultivation of Health Service Management major and to figure out the problems based on which the paper put forward suggestions for improvement.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among senior students and graduates in past 5 years of Medicine and Health Management School in a certain university to know about the education situation.Results 67.5% of the senior students thought there were little update in courses,57.5% thought teaching hours of medicine related courses were too long.With the cultivation of university education,students mainly learned knowledge of management,medicine and computeracy.Most students developed abilities of communication,organization management,document writing,sense of responsibility,cooperation and dedication.There were differences between male and female students as well as between senior students and graduates.Conclusions The cultivation of health service management major should set its goal to meet the social demands,build curriculum system with characteristics ofhealth management major,intensify the practice teaching,regulate examine methods and promote the publicity of health service management so as to accelerate the process of professionalization of health management personnel.

Key words:
Health management;  Talent cultivation;  Status analysis


The purpose of the study is to know the effectiveness of guidance at Public Primary Schools in Palangka Raya. The subject of the study was 114 teachers of State Primary Schools. The method of study is descriptive study. Data collection used questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed by using percentages. The result concluded that the guiding activity of the teachers of Public Primary school can be categorized as effective.


Structural health monitoring has been developed rapidly for jacket platform during the latest decades. However, the changes of the structural dynamic responses do not depend only on the damage but also on ocean environmental conditions. The PCA-based method has been proved effective in discovering the hidden information from grossed data. Additionally, the cross-correlation function has been proved effective in building structural characteristics by proceeding it between the dynamic responses from different structural positions. Thus, this paper presents an approach in developing a PCA-based method for clarifying the structural health state from the structural characteristics built by cross-correlation function.


Breeding for pest resistance in forest trees is a proven approach for managing both native and nonnative insects and diseases. A recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports 255 forest tree breeding programs for insect or disease resistance in 33 diff erent countries (http://www.fao.org/forestry/26445/en/). Advantages to incorporating breeding as a management approach to nonnative insects such as the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire include: (1) wide public acceptance; (2) a proven successful approach (many examples of success); (3) not dependent on prior knowledge of mechanisms of resistance; and (4) not dependent on the number of genes involved (qualitative or quantitative traits are equally successful), or the mode of inheritance of resistance (can select for dominant or recessive traits). We are employing two different strategies to breeding for resistance: hybrid and traditional breeding.


This pump unit comprises a pump driven by an electric motor M1 controlled by a microcontroller El which turns on the by signals that it receives from a level detector (CN1) and OFF by signals that it receives from a stop detector (CA1). The microcontroller comprises means for timing and decrementing means for decreasing by one step the delay time.


The technology principle of sub-row driving gray-scale modulation is introduced and is used in FED. In order to satisfy the demand of the chip driving high-speed of the SRD method, some image data bits are reduced, while the application of error diffusion method is used to achieve image restoration. Error-diffusion method reproduces the image detail better and reduces distortion phenomenon, but will reduce the gray-scale and overall contrast. According to the human visual characteristics, the image enhancement technology based on human visual is proposed to improve the video image quality, and applied to the sub-row driving of FED, and makes the contrast of the video image increased, makes the image quality more delicated and closer to the human visual effect.


We report on controlling the bi-photon orbital angular momentum (OAM) eigenmodes in the spontaneous parametric down conversion process by simply adjusting the asymmetry of the pump vortex beam. Adjusting the optic axis of the spiral phase plate of phase winding corresponding to OAM mode, l, with respect to the beam propagation axis, we have transformed a Gaussian beam into an asymmetric vortex beam with OAM modes, l, l–1, l–2 …0 with different weightages. Pumping the nonlinear crystal with such asymmetric vortices and controlling their asymmetry we have tailored the spiral spectrum of the bi-photon OAM eigenmodes. Calculation of azimuthal Schmidt number of the bi-photons showed an increase in the spiral bandwidth of the OAM eigenmodes and hence the dimensionality of the system. Although we have restricted our study to show the increase in spiral bandwidth of the bi-photons by simply controlling the asymmetry of the pump vortices, the dimensionality of the bi-photon states can be enhanced further by manipulating the pump beam size and crystal length.


Students of the life of Lillian D. Wald (1867–1940) know her best as a Progressive activist. A trained nurse and advocate for East European Jewish immigrants on New York's Lower East Side, she founded Henry Street Settlement House there in 1893 and worked for state intervention in public health issues concerning women and children. Though she lived until 1940, historians have focused almost exclusively on her achievements before 1920: her founding of Henry Street, her key role in the formation of the Children's Bureau, her anti-militarism during World War I. This is not surprising, given that Wald' s rhetoric is that of a dyed-in-the-wool Progressive. She consistently cited her actions as in line with her universalist philosophy of human interdependence, which she referred to as "mutuality" and defined as a vision in which "no one class of people can be independent of the other". Wald's mutuality echoes the Protestant social gospel movement's call for a "brotherhood of man" which inspired so many – including so many middle-class women – to work for various currents of Progressive reform.


"Th e words won't go away." Would it were that simple. Perhaps they don't just go away, in the sense that they are still being written and that they are out there, somewhere, circulating. But do they stick any longer? Th at is the question. Is the circulating a fruitless spinning, the rainbow top we get on our macs when something is hung up and the electronic gears can't seem to mesh with the other side? Or is it a way, as we go about our lives and search for meaning, to send a message in a bottle to the future — one that we hope will be read? It is of course both, hence the double-voicedness in the title. It is not only that other art forms, more performance-based and typically visually arresting, are crowding out the verbal in dialogues about aesthetics: the taut yet graceful balletic body that coils and extends through musical prompt; the cutting and juxtaposing of moving images that creates story in fi lm; the all-the-world's-a-stage of the theater, where the footlights seem magically to propel the talking and gesturing and orchestrated activity on one side of the invisible divide through to the other side; and the song, now slimming down to chatter-like recitative or fattening out to full-blown aria, that is acted out of the opera. How can words on a page compete any longer with the synaesthetic sensory bombardment of these and other like modes? How can they be read and absorbed against the counterveiling pressures of ever greater speed and the glibness of the sound-bite? which is also they both of them in their interaction [ v ikh vzaimodeistvii ]. The play of light, retained and transformed by that body, covers over completely the latter's crudely material appearance, and while the dark matter of the carbon is present here, as it is in the coal, it is so only in the form of a bearer of another, luminescent origin, which reveals in this play of colors its proper content. . . . In this unmerged and undivided [Solov'ev's signature nesliiannyi i nerazdel'nyi — DMB] union of matter and light both preserve their natures, neither one nor the other is visible alone, but rather there is visible a single light-bearing matter and a single incarnated light — enlightened coal and a stone rainbow. 2


The present invention discloses a method for preparing trifluoroacetylacetone through a two-step method, wherein trifluoroacetate and acetone react under the sodium methanolate and/or sodium ethoxide effect to obtain an enol sodium salt, and then the enol sodium salt is subjected to acidification and pressure reducing distillation to obtain the trifluoroacetylacetone. The preparation method of the present invention has characteristics of high product yield, safety, environmental protection, simple process and the like.


The relationship between trading protection defences and direct investment to foreign countries is an international economic problem which at present arouses much attention.This paper comments and depicts integratively on the latest research and its tendency of this subject.The following problems are explored: influence of trading protection defences on the foreign enterprises' direct investment to foreign countries;influence of the threat of the foreign enterprises' direct investment to foreign countries on trading protection demands of the importers enterprises;trading protection defences and developing countries' direct investment to foreign countries.


Financial markets have many different key actors, but one of the most important ones are the financial analysts. They are considered as experts in gathering and disseminating the information that f ...


A quasi 2-D layered XY model with random anisotropy h(x) cos n theta and with special interlayer coupling gperpendicular to cos n( Theta i+1- theta i) is discussed. For n>or=3 the system appears to be essentially three-dimensional below some definite temperature T* for arbitrary small coupling gperpendicular to . The solutions of the renormalisation group equations have the form of 'unmoving pole'. This points to the instability of the high-temperature phase below T* with respect to the formation of a spatially disordered state of the spin glass type.


Objectives: This study examines how successful aging dis-course manifests through physical and social participation among members of a self-organized mall walkers club. There is a paucity of research investigating successful aging in situ and theorizing the relationship between successful aging dis-course and community participation. I draw on symbolic boundaries—a concept from cultural sociology—as a way to make sense of what mall walkers say and do. Methods: I draw on data from 15 months of participant observations and interviews of mall walkers, all of whom are over 65 and predominantly Caribbean-Canadian women Results: I iden-tify three common boundaries: personal, interpersonal, and community, that mall walkers draw on to challenge nar-ratives of decline and internalize dimensions of successful aging. Discussion: These findings uncover the ways members in a self-organized community reinforce boundaries that highlight how certain dimensions of successful aging as something to be proud of and desirable. This article contributes


An expanded porphyrin analogue embedded with binaphthol units provides unidirectional overall helical conformation with hexaanionic N4O4 coordination environment that is suited to support a linear ...


Absract: This paper presents the chemometrically assisted optimisation and validation of the UV-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of four antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, valproic acid and levetiracetam) and carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide (active metabolite of carbamazepine) in human plasma. To reach desired chromatographic separation of analytes, Fractional factorial 3 4 design was used for simultaneously optimisation of some chromatographic parameters: acetonitrile content in the mobile phase, pH of the buffer solution in the mobile phase and time of gradient elution. Separations of analytes were performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C-18(150x4.6 mm; 5μm) column, with a gradient elution system comprising acetonitrile (ACN) phosphate buffer (pH 3.0). Two procedures were tested for the pretreatment of human samples: protein precipitation and solid phase extraction. The last preparatory method provides the best results of extraction recoveries and allowed for the determination of all anaytes. The developed method was linear over the concentration ranges studied with r ≥0.995 for all compounds. Accuracy (%) and precision (CV,%) values for within and between day were <15% at all concentrations tested. This method was successfully applied to the plasma samples from epileptic patients and it seems to be suitable tool for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of AEDs.


Summary Kraljic's purchasing portfolio approach has inspired many academic writers to undertake further research into purchasing portfolio models. Although it is evident that power and dependence issues play an important role in the Kraljic matrix, scant quantitative research has been undertaken in this respect. In our study we have filled this gap by proposing quantitative measures for 'relative power' and 'total interdependence'. By undertaking a comprehensive survey among Dutch purchasing professionals, we have empirically quantified 'relative power' and 'total interdependence' for each quadrant of the Kraljic portfolio matrix. We have compared theoretical expectations on power and dependence levels with our empirical findings. A remarkable finding is the observed supplier dominance in the strategic quadrant of the Kraljic matrix. This indicates that the supplier dominates even satisfactory partnerships. In the light of this finding future research cannot assume any longer that buyer-supplier relationships in the strategic quadrant of the Kraljic matrix are necessarily characterised by symmetric power.


AbstractUsing data from seven global model operational analyses (OA), one land surface model, and various remote sensing retrievals, the energy and water fluxes over global land areas are intercompared for 2003/04. Remote sensing estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) are obtained from three process-based models that use input forcings from multisensor satellites. An ensemble mean (linear average) of the seven operational (mean-OA) models is used primarily to intercompare the fluxes with comparisons performed at both global and basin scales. At the global scale, it is found that all components of the energy budget represented by the ensemble mean of the OA models have a significant bias. Net radiation estimates had a positive bias (global mean) of 234 MJ m−2 yr−1 (7.4 W m−2) as compared to the remote sensing estimates, with the latent and sensible heat fluxes biased by 470 MJ m−2 yr−1 (13.3 W m−2) and −367 MJ m−2 yr−1 (11.7 W m−2), respectively. The bias in the latent heat flux is affected by the bias in th...


Mitology is the narrative of extraordinary presence and event that take place in an unknown time and place. It also reflects spiritual and its relations with the external worldSome great event have occured since human existence.  Heraklitus, Platon ve Aristotle in the past the greatest event of people suffered water and fire disaster have expressed. Water is sometimes regarded as the first stage of creation, sometimes as punishment for people. According to Aristotle, the artist is the one who tells what is possible and what is possible, that is, coincidence and possible. The myth of the Great Flood, which is related to water, one of the greatest and possible events, has been an extraordinary subject of mitology, religion and art. When the causes and consequences of the Great Flood are examined, it contains ordinary and social qualities. Altough the myths of The Great Flood contain specific narrative of regions, they are described as an event that affect the whole world rather than religion. While The Great Flood causes catastrophes challanges order and belief. It is inevitable that The Great Flood, which has a cultural and religious quality, has many psycological, sociological, historical, religious and artistic reflection. The branches of art that deal with these event have turned into medium that reflects society, and the minimal represantation of the universe with its religious, moral and political message by using different means of expression. Man always will have faith supernatural, spiritual and imagination. Altough mitology, which provide social continuity, seems to be, the flood was mostly as a art. It has been the subject of many contemporary novels and films. It deals with the thought and superior behavior of human being superior to nature. Flood mythology has been used frequently in art, artists have been fed from this source. In this study, it is tried to explain the flood myth which is the source of art and which is the subject of different branches of art, is seen in different cultures and with examples that are important in terms of art.


Abstract In this note work is presented that is used to obtain a numerical model of slideways. A numerical method is used for dynamic phenomenon processing with contact and friction problems. Then, an experimental study was carried out on a real slideway. This allows not only the law of friction to be obtained but also the behaviour of such a mechanism to be described in terms of various influences. These data are highly useful when validating models which include this kind of behaviour. Moreover, as this work is quoted in the context of high-speed machining, an opportunity is provided to increase the dynamic performance of these slideways by revealing their weak points. The machine-tool has a feature that takes into account the experimental law of friction which evolves according to the pressure of contact and the speed of sliding. For the real system considered, the results show good correlation between the numerical and experimental data.


Considerable attention has been paid to Myxobacteria recently because of producting more abundant and useful secondary metabolism,including antibacterial,antifungal,anticancer and thrombolysis compounds.Because purification and characterization of Myxobacteria is very difficult and time-consuming and the method is so special that it cannot easily be cultivated.All these confine overwhelmingly the exploitation of Myxobacteria.So the exploratory development to Myxobacteria falls behind other micro-organism.Therefore,it is very important to look for a better method of purification and characterization of Myxobacteria.In order to promote the researching of myxobacteria,this paper reviews the latest methods on the isolation,purification,purity check and strains preserve of myxobacteria.


A new class of double nearest-neighbor errorcorrecting codes on hexagonal constellation in the two dimensional space is presented. The proposed code is a linear [n,n−3] code over GF(p) where p = 6n+1 is a prime. We show that the proposed code corrects any generalized Lee error with at most weight 2.


Thin-walled parts of aluminum alloy are easy to occur machining deformation duo to the
characteristics of thin wall, low rigidity, and complex structure.

To reduce and control the machining deformation, it is necessary to select reasonable machining parameters.

The influence of milling parameters on the milling forces, milling temperature, and machining deformation was
analyzed through the established model based on ABAQUS. Then, the corresponding empirical formula was obtained by
MATLAB, and parameters optimization was carried out as well. Besides, a lot of patents on machining thin-walled parts
were studied.

The results shown that the prediction error of milling forces is about 15%, and 20% of milling temperature. In
this case, the optimized milling parameters are as follows: ap=1 mm, ae=0.1 mm, n=12 000 r/min, and f=400 mm/min. It is
of great significance to reduce the machining deformation and improve the machining quality of thin-walled parts.


This study is a preparation phase for integrated visualization of battlefield situation. To develop the ground control station for unmanned systems, many factors have to be considered from the design stages, such as layout, information component, representation scheme, and human operation methods. Considering such many factors can be very difficult, hence we conducted an in-depth investigation of design factors from major UAV stations around the world. We analyzed the design characteristics and the specifics. In conclusion, we were able to derive some common aspects of design characteristics, which lead to the successful design approach.


"April 1978."
Relief shown by spot heights.
Filing title in right upper margin: Maine.
"Base source--U.S. Geological Survey base map."
Accompanied by text: The soils of Maine / Robert V. Rourke, John A. Ferwerda, and Kenneth J. LaFlamme. University of Maine at Orono. Miscellaneous report number 203, June 1978. A revision (May 1977) of Miscellaneous publication 676 of the Maine LSA Experiment Station. $1.00. 37 p. ; 28 cm.
Includes inset of mapping reliability.
"1-12899."
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.


This study contributes to the extant literature on the effectiveness of Aid for Trade (AfT) flows in recipient-countries by examining the effect of these resource flows on wage inequality in the recipientcountries' manufacturing sector. The analysis shows that AfT interventions help reduce wage inequality in the manufacturing sector of countries that have liberalized trade policies, enjoy greater trade openness, experience higher exports of labor-intensive manufacturing products, higher exports of low-skill-intensive manufacturing products, and greater exports of high-skill-intensive manufacturing products. Additionally, AfT interventions contribute to moderating the negative effect of export product concentration (e.g., on primary products) on wage inequality in the manufacturing sector. Finally, AfT flows reduce wage inequality in the manufacturing sector of countries that import manufacturing products (including machinery and transport equipment goods) or enjoy wider multilateral trade liberalization.


In this paper D* is introduced, and analyzed as a figure of merit for focal plane arrays. Some of the inadequacies of D* are presented, and used to motivate the use of the signal to noise ratio as a figure of merit. Spatial noise (nonuniformity) is incorporated into the signal to noise ratio and its effects are examained for the cases of a Schottky barrier, and standard photon detector (constant quantum efficiency) over the 3 to 5 μm spectral band.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the direction in which digital democracy can be developed by means of an e-based government approach in the Italian Public Administration as a first step towards a participatory governance approach. In order to find the basic conditions for the future development of e-based societies, the paper analyzes the process of digitalization of the relationship between government and citizens focusing on digital citizenship in Italian municipalities. After illustrating the concept of participatory governance and introducing the current UE and Italian e-governance strategies, the concept of digital democracy along with its empirical dimensions, structuring a conceptual framework used for a nationwide survey is elaborated. In particular, the paper investigates the scale, the types of participatory instruments provided and the demand for new inclusion mediated by digital technologies at the local level. The results show the state of the art of digital democracy in Italy evidencing the demand/supply gap. At the same time, the highlight that ICT infrastructures are essentially used for information purposes at an operative level, while the participatory dimensions of the relationship, such as dialogue, participation and, most of all, deliberation, are very far from an effective e-democracy configuration. The paper highlights interesting aspects of the digital democracy in Italian municipalities and evidence some surprising peculiarities in terms of territorial gaps.


This is the second article in a series detailing archaeological results from salvage excavations conducted in northern Iraq during the 1980s and early 1990s. An introduction and background information to the overall salvage project and specific information on fifteen excavated sites in the northern Jazirah, near the Iraq-Syria border and mostly within T. J. Wilkinson and D. J. Tucker's North Jazira Survey (NJS; see Wilkinson and Tucker 1995), were provided in the first article (Altaweel 2006). In that article the project was called the Ray Jazirah Project (RJP), and the fifteen sites were referenced as RJP 1–15. Since then I have been informed that a more appropriate name is the Jazirah Salvage Project. Nevertheless, for consistency with the last and future articles, the RJP initials will be maintained for referencing archaeological sites and the project in general. This report provides data for the second set of excavated sites in the North region of the RJP. As in the first article, my role has been to provide this information to a wider audience prior to publication in Arabic and to conduct comparative analysis of the source material with other archaeological sites. I have attempted to maintain fidelity to the original source material, including using Iraqi conventions such as the system of numbering levels and ceramics, with only my commentary added to help in the interpretation of the data. In a similar manner to the previous report, very detailed descriptions on any one site will not be provided; rather, the primary purpose is to give summary data on the excavation results, with significant emphasis, where possible, on the ceramic remains. A list of the sites' occupation history and a table listing RJP sites with corresponding NJS sites (Table 1) are provided prior to the discussion of archaeological results. This report includes some additional details from a previously discussed site (RJP 5). The new sites discussed, including the first fifteen sites in the earlier article, can be seen in Fig. 1 according to their RJP numbers.


In this article, we elaborate on how media preferences are related to personality traits and parental socialization practices. Employing representative data for the Netherlands in 1998 (N=1.714), we first find that of the psychological traits, openness to experience is a substantial predictor of the interest in serious content within the media; open personalities favor complex content, on television and in books. Furthermore, popular reading is fancied relatively often by conscientious people, whereas emotionally instable and friendly personalities seem to prefer popular programs on television significantly more. Second, our results underscore the importance of measuring parental media socialization practices. Using retrospective information on the situation in the parental home during a person's upbringing, we find that imitation of preferences occurs for all media consumption activities. For instance, if parents liked popular television programs, this results in a corresponding preference of their children for popular programs, controlled for relevant other predictors. The same goes for popular and serious reading, and for serious television watching. So, the idea of a modeling of media preferences by parents finds support. Third, our analyses clearly show that an investigation of media audiences must differentiate between contents. In predicting media preferences we noticed that content similarities are more evident than medium similarities.


In the 1980s, the writings of the historian Raphael Samuel (1934–1996) were oriented toward personal politics. In his autobiographical work on his personal and political lives, memory was a site of history. Personal narrative and political discourse were located at different points within the same domain of historical recollection.


By using Hegyi's competition index model for individual tree,the intraspecific and interspecific competition in the mixed plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata(CL) and Magnolia officinalis(MO) were investigated.Results show that both intraspecific and interspecific competition intensities of CL and MO reduced with increase in diameter scale of the trees.The order of competition intensity was: MO interspecific CL intraspecific CL intraspecific MO intrapecific.The ratio between competition intensity and the breadth of objective tree is in agreement with the Power Function relationship.The model actually predicted the overall intraspecific and interspecific competition intensity.


The paper discusses the phenomenon "laying stress on science but not arts" in the development of scientific education and humane education and advocates the scientific spirit by highly humane care and humane spirit under the guidance of science.The real scientific spirit embodies humane value,while the perfect higher educational foundation is the perfect combination of scientific spirit and humane care.


This is the second of three articles discussing multi-domain battle through the lens of U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. This article discusses the rationale and the approach for incorporating aspects of multi-domain battle into Field Manual 3-0, Army Operations, due to be published October 2017. In recognition of the centennial of American Expeditionary Forces entering World War I, the articles incorporate relevant historical observations and lessons to help drive home the new and differentiate it from the old. On 10 September 2001, the Army knew it would fight and win by conducting full spectrum operations, and in 2003, the opening of Operation Iraqi Freedom demonstrated U.S. dominance on the battlefield. (1) In the following years, however, the force would struggle to adapt as the operational environments changed. The introspection that eventually followed led to new doctrine. As the pace of change increases, the tension escalates between the need to prepare for future operations and the difficulty of anticipating operational environments. Resisting change, however, is not an option; the Army must adapt at least as fast as the Nations adversaries change their ways of conducting operations. Even though we can anticipate some changes and forecast certain trends, many characteristics of future environments are unknowable. To mitigate this uncertainty, Army forces must be able to constantly adapt and innovate so we can fight and win in the environments we could face--within the next five years, or "tonight"; within the next five to ten years, or "tomorrow"; and in the future beyond 2030. The Army needs to forecast mid- and long-term trends and prepare for them to the best of its ability, but also it needs to develop operational principles that can help guide adaptability and innovation during operations and training today. Multi-domain battle bridges all these requirements. The Example of German Doctrinal Change in World War I From the World War I German experience, it is clear that military success depends on an organization willing to learn, a central concept that can integrate innovation and adaptation, and the ability to proliferate and spur implementation across the force. German tactical success prolonged the war at great cost to the Allies even though German forces eventually lost. In the summer of 1914, the opposing armies of both the Central and the Allied powers anticipated a short decisive campaign, based on their doctrine and tactics. (2) However, by December of that year, the doctrinal foundations of all combatants were found wanting. Armies adapted in the fight, establishing elaborate field fortifications spanning the entirety of the western front, because none of them could afford to sustain the casualty rates incurred in the first few months of the war. The race was on for new tactics and doctrine to break the stalemate--in a conflict that would claim over 8.5 million lives before an armistice ended the war. (3) Creating new doctrine in the midst of large-scale combat is a costly endeavor because doctrinal tactics are devised using trial and error and are paid for in blood. Among the armies of World War I, the Germans are considered the most successful in changing and implementing tactical doctrine during the war. (4) They applied a dynamic process that used a central concept, complemented with innovation originating at the tactical level and empowered by an organization willing to learn. (5) Initially, however, German forces mired themselves in rigid doctrine. "Halten, was zu halten ist," meaning "hold on to whatever can be held," reflected German military theory behind an inelastic first-line defense lacking any real depth. (6) As the war progressed, the Allies evolved by effectively using massed artillery to support infantry assaults, with lethal results. (7) Leading up to the summer of 1916, despite failing doctrine and an evolving battle-field, the German military resisted doctrinal changes, and its relative combat power suffered. …


The shear property and adhesion property of the silicone rubber at-40℃~50℃ were studied.The analysis results showed that at room temperature,the shear modulus of silicone rubber was stabilizing with the shear strain at 80%~220%,the shear stress lagging was 34.7% when the silicone rubber was loaded or unloaded between the shear strain at 0 and 150%.Under 343N shear strain,the shear modulus of the silicone rubber at-40℃or at 50℃ was near to that at room temperature after the specimens had been preserving at-40℃or at 50℃ for 2 hours.Furthermore,the high adhesive strength was observed in the silicone rubber with composites materials at-40℃~50℃.


This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of the intensity-curvature term with applications in image processing and also in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the human brain. The intensity-curvature term is the key concept that merges together the value of the signal with the value of the classic-curvature, which is the sum of the second order partial derivatives of the model function fitted to the signal. The model function fitted to the signal needs to have the property of second order differentiability, and also to have at least one non null second order partial derivative calculated at the origin of the coordinate system of the pixel. The mathematical meaning of the intensity-curvature term is the mapping of the signal into a novel domain where each value of the signal is multiplied by the arctangent of the angle subtended with the horizontal, by the tangent to the first order derivative of the model function. The mapping merges the value of the signal intensity and the classic-curvature of the signal. Hence, the resulting intensity-curvature term embeds information about both signal intensity and concavity-convexity of the model function. In addition to the classic-curvature, and consequential to the mapping, the intensity-curvature term allows the calculation of three supplementary intensity-curvature measurement approaches (ICMAs): (i) the intensity-curvature functional, (ii) the signal resilient to interpolation, and (iii) the resilient curvature. This paper reviews the implications of the intensity-curvature term with specific focus on the meaning and the nature of the ICMAs, which provide additional imaging of the human brain MRI.


In reflecting on the role learned European converts to Islam may play in intercultural communication and Islamic scholarship, it seems useful to distinguish between three main types of conversion. First, there is the permanent conversion, in which the convert acts out of free will and personal conviction and believes that he has converted for the rest of his life. In their new status, these intellectuals also may acquire completely new audiences and with them new chances for a successful intellectual career, especially if they use their talents in the service of combatting their old faith. In fact, numerous polemical and apologetic writings flew from the pens of these erudite converts who attacked their old faith or philosophy of life and defended their choice of Islam. A famous case is Fray ("Brother") Anselm of Turmeda (ʿAbdallāh al-Tarjumān al-Mayurqī), who authored his famous anti-Christian pamphlet Gift for the Intelligent to Confute the People of the Cross in Tunis, after his conversion to Islam in the latter half of the fourteenth century.1 In fact, this phenomenon of learned European converts producing polemical and apologetic writings continues to the present day, as is amply illustrated by the study of Salah Abdel Razaq on neo-Muslim intellectuals in the West; he writes long chapters on their contributions to Islamic polemical, anti-Western, and anti-Christian literature.2 Some of the works of these converted polemicists even enjoy distribution on a worldwide scale, in translations into the major languages of the Muslim world. There are, however, some rare exceptions to the majority of these polemical erudites. An example is Leopold Weiss, of Austrian Jewish extraction, who converted to Islam and adopted the name Muhammad Asad, then delved deeply into Arabic and Islamic sources, and ultimately developed


The study examines the impact of aid on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa and also investigates whether institutions mediate the absorptive capacity of aid in the region. The concept of foreign aid has been flagged as the solution to ending Africa's poverty predicament by some scholars; as such Least Developing countries depend on it to finance their budget and embark on other developmental projects. The study observed that aid positively affect economic growth in the region. Thus it serves as a form of investment in the region, thereby increasing capital accumulation. However, the study also observed that institutional quality alone does not mediate the effectiveness of aid on economic growth in the region. Other factors including good fiscal policies, monetary policies, etc. need to be considered to increase the absorptive capacity of aid in the region.


Something has been going on these past few strenuous years which, in the din of war and general upheaval, has been somewhat lost from the public mind. It is the slow quiet development of the recreational camp. It is something neither urban nor rural. It escapes the hecticness of the one, and the loneliness of the other. And it escapes also the common curse of both the high powered tension of the economic scramble. All communities face an "economic" problem, but in different ways. The camp faces it through cooperation and mutual helpfulness, the others through competition and mutual fleecing.


The harmonic number jump acceleration in scaling FFAG rings is considered in this paper. Constraints fixed by the acceleration scheme on the lattice design are detailed. An example of a 3.6 to 12.6 GeV muon lattice which satisfy these constraints is presented.


USE IN THE PREPARATION OF FILTER ELEMENT IN THE FORM OF CERAMIC POROUS POWDER sinterable CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT AT LEAST 10 IN MASS PARTICLE FORMING SUCH POWDER HAVE A PARTICLE SIZE LESS THAN 1 MICROMETRE; AND FILTER ELEMENTS OBTAINED, INCLUDING A POROUS STRUCTURE SHOWN IN SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN THE FORM OF BIG GRAIN SIZE WITH AT LEAST EQUAL TO 5 MICROMETERS, SUCH BIG GRAIN IS NOT COATED WITH CANNED AND THE APPEARANCE OF PARTICLE USED FOR PREPARATION OF THE CERAMIC, AND SUCH BIG GRAINS BEING CONNECTED BY SEALS BEANS WITH DISCONTINUOUS APPEARANCE OF SMALL GRAIN SIZE OF LESS THAN 1 MICROMETRE, SUCH SMALL GRAINS WITH CRYSTAL STRUCTURE.


This paper approaches the relation of culture and built environments from the perspective of environment-behavior studies. Based on the author's previous work on culture-environment relations, it first clarifies the concept of culture and of designed environments. It then considers this relation in terms of "responsiveness," the theme of a recent ACSA Regional meeting. It concludes that such cultural responsiveness is indeed important but that to achieve it the professional culture of architecture will have to change.


By analysing the contents,methods and exam arrangement s of Colleges and Universities experiment teaching,the essay tells us that we mu st reform the current experiment teaching to improve the students' experiment s kills.


The thematic map is becoming more and more popular because it can directly,accurately and vividly reflect the professional data information.The thematic map of "Saving Society Construction" is a map in "Atlas of Jilin Province",it visualized the various aspects using figures and tables based on the geographic base map,including comprehensive utilization of resources,circular economy development layout,circular economy development priorities,objectives,energy saving goal,industry objective and "Eleventh Five-Year" comprehensive utilization of resources.


The results of an associational experiment on Buryat and Russian respondents are represented in the article. The content of an ordinary mind and everyday life culture is constructed implicitly. The urgency of a semantic field research is based on the classification of life sense categories. The content of the family member semantic image belonging to different groups (teenagers, youth, adults) is described. The analysis of the semantic fields obtained in the associational experiment can show definite perspectives of family pattern changes in a contemporary society. The results of the research let differentiate between consanguinity and cultural succession in the semantic fields of the family member images. Each member is represented by an image in the semantic field of mind which holds inside social forms of relationship, marriage, norms of behavior between certain types of relatives. The images of the family members living in a city and in the countryside are analyzed.


The mechanism for the dissociation of CH 4 at metal surfaces has been and is still controversial. In large part, this is because many of the experimental data suggest a direct tunneling mechanism, which is not obviously compatible with an observed strong dependence on the surface temperature. We propose here that a new phenomenon, thermally assisted tunneling, caused by a coupling of the tunnel barrier to the lattice, resolves this controversy. Explicit calculations using a simplified model for this process agree qualitatively with a wide range of experimental data for CH 4 dissociation on Pt (111)


'These examples of nursing innovation from all corners of Yorkshire and the Humber truly demonstrate the breadth of nursing skill, experience and leadership across the region,' says RCN Yorkshire and the Humber regional director Glenn Turp. 'They speak volumes about the commitment and compassion of nurses and their dedication to patient care.' Nursing Standard's series celebrating modern nursing roles around the UK continues with a focus on nurses in the Yorkshire and Humber region


A system includes a processor configured to receive a geo-fence definition defining a geographic perimeter or point. The processor is also configured to receive a vehicle location. Further, the processor is configured to determine a distance from the vehicle location to a most proximate geo-fence point and determine a reporting-rate that varies based on proximity to the geo-fence. The processor is also configured to report a vehicle location at intervals defined by the reporting-rate.


Raman spectroscopy of amorphous hydrogenated carbon nitride (a-C: H: N) films deposited by PECVD respectively were studied. The three stage Ferrari Robertson model was used to explain the structural modifications taking place. A competition between the cluster size growth and clustering itself was identified. A graphene to graphane conversion leading to hydrogen storage possibility in the films has been discussed. Higher nitrogen concentration also led to smoothening of the films. The growth of nanocrystallites took place which was evident through XRD.


Using an extensive archival, memorial and historical material, the article describes the processes that took place in the late 18th century in the organization of the Russian Empire through the example of the changes in the territorial organization of the Tambov Province. The author analyzes the principles underlying these changes, as well as the boundaries of settlement territories and, in particular, cities. Russian and Western European cities are compared and different reasons for their emergence and the political motives of their changes are emphasized.


During the past three decades, unilateral cochlear implantation (CI) has been established as an accepted medical treatment for selected individuals with advanced degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. More recently, a growing number of patients have received bilateral CI, and a developing body of literature has demonstrated a significant additional benefit from 2 implants. In turn, this has generated increasing public interest in bilateral CI. Naturally, third-party payers and governmental agencies have sought evidence to justify bilateral CI. In response, the William House Cochlear Implant Study Group (CISG) critically examined putative additional benefits of bilateral implantation.

The pertinent literature (1-22) was reviewed, and the following position statement was written during a period of several months by an ad hoc committee. It was then discussed at the September 15, 2007 CISG annual meeting of approximately 250 CI professionals. Several improvements were incorporated, and the statement below was recirculated and approved by consensus.

Nonetheless, further research is necessary to clarify the usefulness of binaural mechanisms in patients with bilateral CIs and those with combined electrical and contra-lateral acoustic hearing.


Objective: To study the significantly expression of 70 cytokines in hepatitis-B caused cirrhosis patients with liver-gallbladder dampness-heat syndrome(LGDHS) and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome(LDSDS). Methods: Using antibody microarray technology, profiles of 48 cytokines were detected by multiplex biometric immunoassay. Significant expressed cytokines were verified with ELISA. Results: There were different profiles of cytokines in LGDHS and LDSDS. Interferon-induced protein of 10 k Da(IP-10) and interleukin-18(IL-18) were found significantly expressed in LGHDS and LDSDS by statistics analysis, while the clinical parameters of two TCM syndromes showed no difference. The significant changes of IP-10(P0.05) expression levels were further validated in 27 LGDHS patients and 33 LDSDS patients. The Receiver-operator characteristic(ROC) analysis demonstrated IP-10, IL-18 and their logistic regression panel(AUC=0.761) might be beneficial for the two TCM syndromes differentiation. Functional pathway analysis showed that NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, JakSTAT signaling pathway and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were related to the LGDHS while hematopoietic cell lineage and pathways in cancer are related to LDSDS. Conclusion: IP-10 and IL-18 are potentially valuable for differentiating LGDHS and LDSDS in hepatitis B caused cirrhosis patients.


This article presents the key findings of the research I carried out in the summer of 2002 for the final year dissertation project of the MSc in Information and Library Management at Bristol University


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A plate technique for detecting gliding motility is described in which glass beads placed between agar surfaces and coverslips produced surrounding areas of liquid, thus allowing cells to move freely. Some relatively short non-spreading flexibacteria glided obviously. The movements are described and also those of myxobacteria and a fimbriate twitching bacterium. Flavobacterium aquatile F36 glided and its taxonomic status is discussed.


Results from the Reykjanes-Iceland Seismic Experiment (RISE) show that the thickness of zero-age crust decreases from 21 km in southwest Iceland to 11 km at 62°40′N on the Reykjanes Ridge. This implies a decrease in mantle potential temperature of ∼130°C, with increasing distance from the center of the Iceland mantle plume, along this 250 km transect of the plate boundary. The crust thins off-axis at 63°N, from 12.7 km thick at 0 Ma to 9.8 km at 5 Ma, most likely due to a ∼40°C change in asthenospheric mantle temperature between these times. This provides evidence for the passage of a pulse of hotter asthenospheric mantle material beneath the present spreading center. A reflective body, the top of which lies at 9–11 km depth, is identified in the lower crust just west of the tip of the Reykjanes Peninsula. Synthetic seismogram modeling of the wide-angle reflections from this body suggests that it corresponds to a zone of high-velocity (≥7.5 km s−1), high-magnesium rocks in the lower crust. The P to S wave velocity ratio beneath the peninsula is 1.78, implying that crustal temperatures are below the solidus. Gravity modeling shows the RISE models to be consistent with the observed gravity field. Mantle densities are lower beneath the ridge axis than beneath older crust, consistent with lithospheric cooling with age.


This study of 9,752 adolescents lends support for the authors' theoretical model of low self esteem and self confidence predicting lack of purpose in life and poor academic performance, which in turn affects various forms of deviance—delinquency, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and eating disorder. Academic performance is more important than a sense of purpose in life as a mediating variable for alcohol use, but purpose in life is a more important mediator for eating disorder. Subsamples based on gender, age, social class and ethnicity show similar patterns of relationship between the independent, intervening, and dependent variables to those of the total population.


Research Findings: The aim of the study was to examine the applicability and psychometric properties of the Early Childhood Classroom Observation Measure (ECCOM; D. J. Stipek & P. Byler, 2005) outside the United States. The ECCOM was used to observe 83 kindergarten teachers (49 in Finland and 34 in Estonia) in classroom situations. Self-ratings were obtained of teachers' teaching practices, curriculum goals, efficacy beliefs, instructional activities, work experience, and group size. The analyses indicated 1-factor solutions for each of the ECCOM dimensions (i.e., Child-Centered, Teacher-Directed, and Child-Dominated) and high reliabilities for all dimensions, subscales (i.e., Management, Climate, and Instruction), and scale items. Evidence was also found for criterion validity. Practice or Policy: The findings of the present study provided support for the ECCOM as a valid and reliable measure of quality of kindergarten classroom processes and practices in cultural and educational settings outside the United States. In addition to being a research tool the ECCOM has high applicability in teacher education and in-service teacher training in professional development programs and interventions aimed at enhancing specific components of teachers' own practices.


Since the invention of computers or machines, their capability to perform various tasks went on growing exponentially. Humans have developed the power of computer systems in terms of their diverse working domains, their increasing speed, and reducing size with respect to time. A branch of Computer Science named Artificial Intelligence pursues creating the computers or machines as intelligent as human beings. Software technologies that make a computer or robot perform equal to or better than normal human computational ability in accuracy, capacity, and speed. Two very different approaches rule-based systems and neural networks have produced increasingly powerful applications that make complex decisions, evaluate investment opportunities, and help in developing new products. Neural networks are a popular target representation for learning. These networks are inspired by the neurons in the brain but do not actually simulate neurons. Artificial neural networks typically contain many fewer than the approximately 10 neurons that are in the human brain, and the artificial neurons, called units, are much simpler than their biological counterparts. A neural network topology represents the way in which neurons are connected to form a network. In other words, the neural network topology can be seen as the relationship between the neurons by means of their connections. The topology of a neural network plays a fundamental role in its functionality and performance, as illustrated throughout the handbook.


Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Abstract We present a case series and video of our technique using autologous fascia lata for combined sacrocolpopexy and rectopexy, with or without resection.


Serum calcium (SCa) and adiposity are associated with kidney stone disease (KSD). We used conventional and genetic epidemiological approaches to further understanding of these relationships.

 Waist-hip ratio (WHR), a marker of central adiposity, SCa and KSD data were analysed by adjusted linear regression using UK Biobank participants. Univariable, multivariable and mediation Mendelian randomisation (MR) were undertaken using 316 and 246 genetic instruments for WHR and SCa, respectively.

 Observational analyses of 3,466 KSD cases and 489,944 controls showed that participants of normal BMI (20–25kg/m2) but in the fifth quintile for WHR have greater risk of incident KSD compared to the first quintile (HR=1.39 (95%CI=1.18–1.63)). After adjustment for sex, age, serum vitamin D, and phosphate, higher WHR was positively associated with SCa (ß=0.04, 95%=CI 0.04–0.05, P<0.001). Univariable MR demonstrated that relative risk of KSD increases with increasing WHR and SCa; 1 standard deviation (SD) increases relative risk by 46% (95%CI=1.27–1.67, P=5.9e-8) and 63% (95%CI=1.37–1.93, P=2.0E-8), respectively. A 1 SD increase in WHR increases SCa by 0.11mmol/L (95%CI=0.07–0.14, P=1.8e-8). Multivariable MR revealed that SCa and WHR independently increase KSD relative risk (OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.49–1.96, P<0.001 and OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.17–1.69, P<0.001 respectively). Mediation MR established that 14% of the effect of WHR on KSD risk is mediated via alterations in SCa.

 Central adiposity is causally linked to KSD, partly by raising SCa. Mechanisms by which central adiposity increases KSD risk, independent of and via SCa, remain to be revealed and may identify novel therapeutic methods for KSD.

 Central adiposity and serum calcium are independent, causal risk factors for kidney stone disease. One mechanism by which central obesity increases risk of kidney stone disease is by influencing serum calcium concentrations.


We present 14 patients with dilatative cardiomyopathy, proven by hemodynamic and angiographic assessment who received in a single‐blind, randomized study, equipotent doses of the three calcium blockers: verapamil (0.1 mg/kg i.v., followed by an infusion of 0.01 mg/kg/min), nifedipin (20 mg sublingually), or diltiazem (0.2 mg/kg i.v., followed by infusion of 0.02 mg/kg/min). Before and after treatment in 8 patients systolic time intervals were recorded with an AVL‐Myocard‐Check (Q‐S2, pre‐ejection period, left ventricular ejection time, and pre‐ejection period/left ventricular ejection time) and end‐systolic and end‐diastolic diameter, fractional shortening, and circumferential fiber shortening velocity were measured by M‐mode echocardiography. In another 6 patients radionuclide ventriculography was performed before and after each treatment (ejection fraction, cardiac index). PEP/LVET increased slightly after verapamil (+15%) and decreased after nifedipin (—5%) and diltiazem (—3%), the changes being not significant. Fractional shortening and circumferential fiber shortening velocity however, decreased after verapamil (‐5%, resp. ‐15%) and increased after nifedipin (+14%, resp. +25%) and after diltiazem (+23%, resp. +16%). In the radionuclide studies ejection fraction increased after verapamil (+9%), nifedipin (+14%), and diltiazem (+13%), while cardiac index remained unchanged with verapamil and nifedipin and increased with diltiazem (+14%). In conclusion there are no significant changes in myocardial performance with the calcium blockers verapamil, nifedipin, and diltiazem. However, under verapamil there is a tendency to deterioration of myocardial performance, while it was slightly improved after nifedipin and diltiazem. Calcium antagonists may be used safely, therefore, also in patients with impaired myocardial performance.


The present paper classifies the status of women em powerment in terms of economic empowerment social empowerment and political empowerment. The economic and social empowerment cannot be differentiated in separate terms as they are overlapped each other in certain areas. The social empowerment fastened the lead to economic empowerment by way of social literacy. The knowledg e about the rights and privileges and about the pol itica system made them more enthusiastic and optimistic.


The invention Francisco Lucas agent, a water-soluble polymer, and spray consisting of surfactant-drying (spray-dried) as a granule, the Francisco average particle size of the Lucas agent in the granules 0.5 - 20 ㎛ of, Francisco Lucas agent-containing spray- It provides a dry granulation and a process for producing the same. Spray in accordance with the present invention - drying the granules may improve the adhesion cohesiveness and solubility without coating Francisco Lucas agent to a saccharide, Francisco Lucas agent, such as lactose, can increase the dissolution rate and bioavailability than conventional formulations It can significantly reduce the dose. In addition, the spray of the present invention - drying the granules may be produced without using an organic solvent, it is suitable for mass production of an industrial scale. Francisco Lucas tree


Lagging exposure information is often undertaken to allow for a latency period in cumulative exposure-disease analyses. The authors first consider bias and confidence interval coverage when using the standard approaches of fitting models under several lag assumptions and selecting the lag that maximizes either the effect estimate or model goodness of fit. Next, they consider bias that occurs when the assumption that the latency period is a fixed constant does not hold. Expressions were derived for bias due to misspecification of lag assumptions, and simulations were conducted. Finally, the authors describe a method for joint estimation of parameters describing an exposure-response association and the latency distribution. Analyses of associations between cumulative asbestos exposure and lung cancer mortality among textile workers illustrate this approach. Selecting the lag that maximizes the effect estimate may lead to bias away from the null; selecting the lag that maximizes model goodness of fit may lead to confidence intervals that are too narrow. These problems tend to increase as the within-person exposure variation diminishes. Lagging exposure assignment by a constant will lead to bias toward the null if the distribution of latency periods is not a fixed constant. Direct estimation of latency periods can minimize bias and improve confidence interval coverage. In an epidemiologic study of the association between a protracted or repeated exposure and disease, an epidemiologist may calculate a summary exposure metric, such as each person's cumulative exposure. Under the premise that there is typically an induction and latency period between exposure and its observed impact on disease (1, 2), a summary exposure metric may be ''lagged'' by excluding exposures that occurred in the months or years immediately preceding the outcome (3). Often an epidemiologist will evaluate several exposure lags and select the lag that maximizes the magnitude of the resultant effect estimate or the model's goodness of fit (4). In this paper, we show that such approaches are liable to result in biased effect estimates or confidence intervals that are too narrow. For simplicity, we will use the term ''latency period'' to refer to the combined induction and latency periods. Using analytical results and simulations, we illustrate the impact of standard approaches to exposure lagging on effect estimates under various assumptions about the population distribution of latency periods, and we propose an approach that addresses these limitations. We focus on estimation of a cumulative exposure-disease association in a setting of protracted or repeated …


Nowaday, mixmatch has invaded in our life. It is in everywhere including the design field. At present, there is lack of the research of the mix match, let alone the research mixmatch in design field. What is the mixmatch? What is the mixmatch's essence? Where is the mixmatch from and how will it develop? There are so many problems. This article is embarks from the design history angle, which is to discuss the design historical depth of field of the mixmatch and early stage of the mixmatch, in order to make out where the mixmatch is from and help people to cognize the essence of the mixmatch clearly.


Robert Creeley's long and productive writing life has resolutely witnessed personal rather than public change. Notoriously self-absorbed, his reticent poetry is fiercely individual in style and solipsistic in outlook. Like the poet, a man of few words, wryly humorous and intelligently self contained, Creeley's poems seem determined "to say as little as possible as often as possible." Yet the tightly crafted economy of this poetic idiom masks a curious amplitude which is easy to overlook. The tension between the persistent "circularities" in Creeley's work, his concern with the dualistic energies of contradiction and paradox, and the brevity with which such concerns are typically addressed, is worth noting, especially in the light of Creeley's abiding friendship with fellow poet, Robert Duncan, of whom Creeley once remarked :


We live in a society in which information and communications technologies (ICT) are becoming a driving force for its development. E-learning is obviously a part of this.  e basic thought for creation of an adaptive e-learning environment is respecting and supporting di€ ering learning styles of students, by which it is then possible to prepare a learning environment that is more e€ ective, with enhanced user-friendliness and quality.  is paper describes a dra adaptive education model and the results of the ' rst part of the solution – de' nition of learning styles, pilot testing on students and an outline of further research in the area of teaching styles of teachers.


Cognitive information processing at higher conceptual levels requires a computational approach to knowledge representation and analysis. Semantic network analysis bridges the gap between probabilistic pattern recognition techniques and symbolic representations by replacing cumbersome and computationally complex forms of logic-based semantic inference common in symbolic approaches with mathematical metrics on graph representations of labelled, directed semantic networked data. These metrics in turn support assessment of evidentiary support for the presence of patterns of interest in which entities play specified roles in complex event scenarios. The resulting system allows patterns to be specified at higher levels of conceptual abstraction while also remaining robust to conflicting and incomplete information.


In this paper, we will introduce the concept of sympathetic 3-Lie algebras and show that some classical properties of semi-simple 3-Lie algebras are still valid for sympathetic 3-Lie algebras. We p...


3.1.n Ornithine dearboxvlase fE.C. 220.127.116.11>' The biological evidence suggesting a significant role for ODC in growth led to the characterisation of purified enzyme as one approach to understand this role. Mammalian ODe has a number of novel biochemical features including regulation by a wide,variety of hormones, growth factors and other stimuli; an extremely short half-life in many species and regulation by a family of macromolecular inhibitors called antizymes (Cohen, 1998). Numerous early attempts to isolate ODe from various organisms were hampered by the low cellular content and instability of the protein (pegg, 1989a). ODC is an extremely minor protein amounting to only 0.000002% of the total proteins in unstimulated rat tissue and depends on the presence of thiol reducing agents (5 roM dithiotreitol) and non-ionic detergents (0.02% Brij 35) for activiD' (Cohen, 1998; Heby, 1985). ODC has been isolated from various organisms ranging from mammals to protozoa, plants and prokaryotes and in all cases is dependent on pyridoxal-5'phosphate (pLP) as co-enzyme (Cohen, 1998; Kaye, 1984; McCann and Pegg, 1992; Pegg, 1989a). The properties of purified ODCs are summarised in Table 3.1.


Abstract The composition of the essential oil of Oliveria decumbens Vent, was analyzed by means of capillary GC and GC/MS. Among the 14 components identified in the oil, thymol (37.2%), carvacrol (22.1%), γ-terpinene (12.8%), p-cymene (11.8%) and myristicin (9.6%) were found to be the major constituents.


A comprehensive study of fluidized bed nitriding was performance on a carbon steel (grade AISI St 41) and low alloy steel (grade AISI 4140) at 550 0C in 20 % N2 and 80 % NH3 atmosphere at a flow rate gasses of 0.7 m3/hr. Various surface roughness were used to incorporate nitrogen into these steels. The nitride layer formed at AISI 4140 showed better surface roughness and surface hardness than AISI St 41. With low chromium alloy (grade AISI 4140), nitrogen diffusion is more uniform in the lower surface roughness after nitriding process. It has been found that the surface microhardness of the compound layer increases with decreasing surface roughness and chromium alloy contents. The layer nitride has a decrease surface roughness ranging from 50 % at 0,1 µm to about 17 % at 0,5 µm. On the contrary, the carbon steel without chromium alloy (grade AISI St 41) sample show an enhance surface roughness between 1.3 to 2.5 times after nitriding process, but on 0.5 µm surface roughness sample show a decrease surface roughness of about 10%. All sample show an enhanced surface microhardness after nitriding significantly. Chromium alloy is found to enhanced the nitriding efficiency. Without chromium in the steel, a lower surface roughness provides a supplementary amount of implanted nitrogen available for further diffusion, and the uniform of the surface passive oxide. So, with limited surface roughness, more uniform layers with higher amounts of nitrogen can be achieved by low chromium alloy. However, with limited solubility of nitrogen atom in α-Fe into iron nitride form, the nitrogen becomes supersaturated reaction and nitride layer is more brittle and porosity. It is can be ascribed to the nitrogen solubility in the nitride layer, which at AISI St 41 is higher due to the formation of porosity phase while at AISI 4140 a phase rich in nitrogen (ϒand e phases) is formed.


IgA nephropathy (IgAN) or Berger's disease is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis in many renal biopsy registries and it is very frequent in the Eastern regions of the world, such as China (32,1%), Hong Kong (35%), Japan (47,4% )[1,2].


Fuel processing systems which convert HC fuel into H₂ rich gas (such as stream reforming, partial oxidation, auto-thermal reforming) need high temperature environment(600-1000℃). Generally, anode-off gas or mixture of anode-off gas and LNG is used as input gas of fuel reformer. In order to make efficient and low emission burner system for fuel reformer, it is necessary to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristic of fuel reformer burner. The purpose of this study is to develop a porous premixed flat ceramic burner that can be used for 1-5㎾ fuel cell reformer. Ceramic burner experiments using natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas were carried out respectively to investigate the flame characteristics by heating capacity and equivalence ratio. Results show that the stable flat flames can be established for natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas and mixture of natural & anode off gas as reformer fuel. For all of fuels, their burning velocities become smaller as the equivalence ratio goes to the lean mixture ratio, and a lift-off occurs at lean limit. Flame length in hydrogen and anode off gas became longer with increasing the heat capacity.


One of the main subjects in the work of Claude Levi–Strauss, the recently deceased French anthropologist, is the relationship between human unity and cultural diversity. Both in his theoretical works and in his public presentations, Levi–Strauss adopted a particular form of cultural relativism. In this article, an overview of what this position owes to the basic assumptions of structuralism is provided. Also, a thinking on Levi–Strauss different notions regarding human unity is given, together with a criticism of the structuralist relativism and a defence of the universalism of the social fi eld.


A method for adjusting vehicle panorama system, which comprises: a calibration pattern is disposed around a vehicle, and at least one patterned feature and a plurality of cameras are disposed on the vehicle; capture the calibration pattern and patterned feature to obtain an original image; capture the patterned feature after a period of time to obtain a correction image; compares the correction image and original image and corrects the panorama images by recombining the images shoot by the plurality of cameras according to a comparison result.