Dec2, a member of the basic helix-loop-helix superfamily, is a recently confirmed regulatory protein for the clockwork system. Transcripts of Dec2, as well as those of its related gene Dec1, exhibit a striking circadian oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and Dec2 inhibits transcription from the Per1 promoter induced by Clock/Bmal1 [Honma, Kawamoto, Takagi, Fujimoto, Sato, Noshiro, Kato and Honma (2002) Nature (London) 419, 841-844]. It is known that mammalian circadian rhythms are controlled by molecular clockwork systems based on negative-feedback loop(s), but the molecular mechanisms for the circadian regulation of Dec2 gene expression have not been clarified. We show here that transcription of the Dec2 gene is regulated by several clock molecules and a negative-feedback loop. Luciferase and gel retardation assays showed that expression of Dec2 was negatively regulated by binding of Dec2 or Dec1 to two CACGTG E-boxes in the Dec2 promoter. Forced expression of Clock/Bmal1 and Clock/Bmal2 markedly increased Dec2 mRNA levels, and up-regulated the transcription of the Dec2 gene through the CACGTG E-boxes. Like Dec, Cry and Per also suppressed Clock/Bmal-induced transcription from the Dec2 promoter. Moreover, the circadian expression of Dec2 transcripts was abolished in the kidney of Clock/Clock mutant mice. These findings suggest that the Clock/Bmal heterodimer enhances Dec2 transcription via the CACGTG E-boxes, whereas the induced transcription is suppressed by Dec2, which therefore must contribute to its own rhythmic expression. In addition, Cry and Per may also modulate Dec2 transcription.


Investigation of Thermoplastic Polymers and Their Blends for Use in Hybrid Rocket Combustion by Spencer D. Mathias, Master of Science Utah State University, 2018 Major Professor: Dr. Stephen A. Whitmore Department: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Utah State University has developed a low cost, "green" hybrid rocket technology as a drop in replacement for hydrazine propulsion supporting guidance and navigation systems on small spacecraft. The current development is based on the thermoplastic known as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. This plastic was used because it was a commercially available 3D printing plastic. To date, all of the hybrid fuel applications at Utah State University have relied upon commercially-available feed stocks optimized for structural properties. This thesis set out to find a blend of thermoplastics that had better combustion properties than the current materials. These thermoplastics have characteristics that allow for injection molding, extrusion forming and fused deposition modeling. By investigating other thermoplastics and their blends there was a significant theoretical improvement in combustion performance. In addition high and low density polyethylene plastics were used because they are common plastics found in landfills, possibly allowing for plastic to be recycled into rocket fuel and therefore do not contribute to the waste stream. Three plastics were considered for replacement and as


The subject of this study is dialogue at school. The theoretical aim is to show dialogue at school on the basis of literature on the subject, and the practical goal is to show how current and future school directors perceive the essence of dialogue. The qualitative research strategy was used, with the choice of method being the group interview. In terms of the research group, the respondents were chosen randomly from among postgraduate students, in the field of education and management in the Jesuit University of Philosophy and Education Ignatianum in Krakow. These included current and potentially future school headmasters. As part of this article, the essence of dialogue and contemporary threats resulting from the conditions of modern life are presented. The author attempts to characterize the contemporary Polish compulsory school in the context of undertaking a dialogue. This article also presents the analysis and conclusions of their own research, including conclusions for further educational practice. These include the following suggestions: continuous improvement of communication skills among teachers and other subjects of school life; learning about our own emotions and attitudes that condition dialogue and work on them; pay closer attention to the benefits of dialogue within educational institutions – developing appropriate strategies and adopting philosophies/discourses in order to improve and maintain dialogue; organization of free dialogue workshops throughout the country in order to increase the culture of dialogue of the Polish nation; taking into account the need to adapt the dialogue to the interlocutor, including people from foreign countries.


A rotating optical link joint with less variation in transmission loss in rotational use is provided. In order to realize this, the rotary optical link joint according to the present invention is an optical link joint which holds the first optical fiber 11 and the second optical fiber 21 so as to be relatively rotatable about the axes 19, 29. One part or all part of the 1st optical fiber 11 and the 2nd optical fiber 21 is comprised from the multicore optical fiber which has a some core, The said some core is formed by the concentric circle centering on the axis line 19,29 of the said multicore optical fiber. It is arranged in a circular or annular region to be partitioned.


We study the global stability of TCP/RED under the many flows regime. The traditional approach based on Lyapunov functions is not suitable for a system with many flows due to its complexity. In this paper, we present a normalized model to capture the essential system dynamics. Based on this normalized model, we find its equilibrium point and local stability criterion, which closely match the existing results. This, in turn, reinforce the correctness of our normalized model. We then proceed with a numerical analysis to obtain the global stability. Our results show that by properly choosing RED parameters, we can always make the TCP/RED system globally stable. In addition, our numerical results also show that any locally stable TCP/RED system is mostly globally stable as long as the number of flows is large.


Silver doped photonic crystal fibers offer an additional control over the Kerr nonlinearity of core glass. We investigated numerically the optical properties and found an octave-spanning super continum where the visible region is dominated by Raman induced blue shifting and longer wavelength edge by dispersive wave generation.


Some problems on integration between TMN(Telecommunication management network) based technology and CORBA(Common object request broker architecture) based technology are pointed out,and an integration framework by combining CORBA and TMN is proposed.On the basis of this framework, a TMN alarm surveillance management is designed within fault management function which can realize integration between the agents described by GDMO/ASN 1 and management applications based CORBA.


We propose a novel structure to couple quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) by inserting a gold disk array into the interface between gold and dielectric layers. The periodic plasmonic effect of the gold disks together with the cavity effect of the finite-thickness dielectric layer enables the incident light field to concentrate at the location of quantum wells, which is proved by the finite element simulation. This will largely facilitate the design and processing of the QWIPs to employ plasmonic enhancement effect where the near field effects are usually involved. We believe that this structure provide a new solution to improve the performance of QWIPs.


Abstract College students transition from the parental home environment to the college environment. This study examined the transitioning role of parent/child relationships and religiosity in Christian college student heavy episodic drinking (HED). Analysis was conducted using data from a health-risk behavior survey administered on campus, n = 434. Believing the body is the temple of God was the only statistically significant variable in the logistic regression model, 78% less likely to engage in HED. These results show there is a transitioning role of parents during the college years with parents having less influence on HED than religious belief on a Christian college campus.


Vehicle platoon systems are a promising approach for new transportation systems because of their innovative capabilities. A basic problem in platoon systems is the control of the inter-vehicle spacing. In this paper, a new nonlinear longitudinal spacing control of vehicles in a platoon is proposed, which takes into account both vehicle characteristics and road conditions. It ensures the string stability of a string of vehicles, traffic flow stability and in comparison with the common constant time-gap spacing control policy increases the capacity of the traffic flow.


Utero-Vesical fistulas are the rarest of all urogenital fistulas, with most cases occurring after cesarean section. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide because of the increasing indications of cesarean section. Patient usually presents with urine leak, amenorrhea and cyclic hematuria. Herein, we present a case of patient presenting with complain of severe urinary tract infection following cesarean section. Review and update of recent literature regarding the diagnostic imaging of this entity are described.


The present investigation was conducted to study the true retentions of α-tocopherol, tocotrienols and β-carotene in crown daisy, unripe hot pepper, onion, garlic, and red pepper as affected by various domestic cooking methods, those were, boiling, baking, stir-frying, deep-frying, steaming, roasting, and microwaving. Fatty acid compositions were determined by GC, and HPLC were used for quantification of α-tocopherol, tocotrienols, and β-carotene. True retentions of α-tocopherol in cooked foods were as follows: boiling (77.74–242.73%), baking (85.99–212.39%), stir-frying (83.12–957.08%), deep-frying (162.48–4214.53%), steaming (45.97–179.57%), roasting (49.65–253.69%), and microwaving (44.67–230.13%). Similarly for true retention of β-carotene were: boiling (65.69–313.75%), baking (71.46–330.16%), stir-frying (89.62–362.46%), deep-frying (178.22–529.16%), steaming (50.39–240.92%), roasting (73.54–361.47%), and microwaving (78.60–339.87%).


Experimental data on strengthening of foam glass materials is presented. A new mechanism of strengthening is proposed which involves formation of amorphous matrix nanoglobules. Highlights: nanospheroid occurrence in foam glass; new strengthening mechanism of amorphous materials; correlation between micro-structural changes in the interpore partition of porous materials and mechanical characteristics thereof.


This study analyzes vehicle-pedestrian crashes at 4-legged signalized intersections in cheongju over 2 years, 2004∼2005. The goals are to analyze the characteristics of accidents and estimates the likelihood of pedestrian injury severity when pedestrians are involved in crashes using ordered probit model. In pursuing the above, the study use the data 258 vehicle-pedestrian crashes occurred at the 104 intersections. The main results of modeling are following, First, the likelihood ratio index is 0.2251 and t-ratio values that explain goodness of fit are significant. Second, pedestrian age, land use, times, vehicle type, and posted speed limits are significant factors affecting pedestrian injury severities at signalized intersections.


A noise controller which noise-controls a movable point so that a noise generated from a noise source and transmitted to the movable point can be reduced. The noise controller filters the noise in accordance with a least mean square algorithm and generates an antinoise to be collided with the noise so that the antinoise and the noise can cancel each other out. When a filter coefficient used for the least mean square algorithm is renewed, the noise controller uses position data of the movable point. Thus, even if the movable point moves, the proper noise-control can be performed.


Application of the kaolin enhanced polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) in the preparation of biomimetic superhydrophobic materials is studied in this paper.Using the enhanced PDMS as a soft stamp,the micro-nano composite structure information on lotus leaf is copied to its surface by micromolding method,and then the copied information is further transferred to the high density polyethylene(HDPE) surface by hot embossing micromolding.The contact angle of the HDPE is up to 156°.The doping amount of kaolin on the mechanical and swelling properties of the PDMS is also discussed. The method provides experimental evidences in the superhydrophobic application on other polymer surfaces.


A recording device (2) operates on the basis of instructions from an access device (1). The recording device is provided with non-volatile memory (22) which stores data, a communication unit (211) which receives the instructions issued from the access device, and a memory control unit (217) which controls the non-volatile memory. The memory control unit, upon receiving, from the access device, a recording instruction for recording data in the non-volatile memory, starts recording of the data to the non-volatile memory. Then, the memory control unit, upon receiving, from the access device, an interrupt instruction for interrupting the recording of the data, stores, in the non-volatile memory, interrupt information indicating an interrupt position which is a position of a recording area within the non-volatile memory where the recording was occurring when the interrupt instruction was received.


The new method of constructing of exact solutions of cosmological equations is developed. The method is based on representation of Friedmann equations in form of linear differential second order equation. It is shown that in some cases the appearing classes of solutions describe spacetime without events horizons, i.e. any geodesic circumnavigate the universe an infinite number of times as the future c-boundary is approached. Probably in this case the self-consistensy cosmological model can be construct.


Hedge funds can be, and have been, defined in many ways. Consequently, understanding the essence of hedge funds is important. That is, hedge funds are not products but a way of doing business—a mechanism for producing investment results. Although understanding how hedge funds work is important, other factors are equally important in choosing a hedge fund or a hedge fund manager.


The HER2/c‐ErbB‐2 proto‐oncogene is overexpressed in 25–30% of human breast cancers. We previously reported the c‐ErbB‐2 transcript in mononuclear cells (MNC) from bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB), and mobilized PB (MPB). Here, we describe extensively the expression pattern of c‐ErbB‐2 mRNA and protein in normal adult hematopoietic tissue and cord blood (CB)‐derived cells. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction shows that the c‐ErbB‐2 transcript is expressed in hematopoietic cells at low levels if compared with normal epithelial and breast cancer cells. The c‐ErbB‐2 protein was detected predominantly in MNC from PB and CB by Western blot analysis. Flow cytometry revealed that CD15+, CD14+, and glycophorin A+ subpopulations express c‐ErbB‐2 protein, whereas lymphocytes are c‐ErbB‐2‐negative. The c‐ErbB‐2 expression is higher in CB MNC. More than 90% of BM‐ and MPB‐derived CD34+ progenitors are c‐ErbB‐2‐negative; by contrast, 5–40% of CB‐derived CD34+ progenitors express c‐ErbB‐2. We found that c‐ErbB‐2 protein is up‐regulated during cell‐cycle recruitment of progenitor cells. Similarly, it increases in mature, hematopoietic proliferating cells. This study reports the first evidence that the c‐ErbB‐2 receptor is correlated to the proliferating state of hematopoietic cells. Studies in progress aim to clarify the role of c‐ErbB‐2 in regulation of this process in hematopoietic tissues.


Let M = M0 × R 2 be a pp–wave type spacetime endowed with the metric ·, ·z = ·, ·x + 2 du dv + H(x, u) du 2 , where (M0, ·, ·x) is any Riemannian manifold and H(x, u) an arbitrary function. We show that the behaviour of H(x, u) at spatial infinity determines the causality of M, concretely: (a) if −H(x, u) behaves subquadratically (i.e, essentially −H(x, u) ≤ R0(u)|x| 2−ǫ for some ǫ > 0 and large distance |x| to a fixed point) then the spacetime M is strongly causal, (b) it is globally hyperbolic if, additionally, the spatial part (M0, ·, ·x) is complete, and (c) M is always causal, but there are non-distinguishing examples (and thus, non-strongly causal), even when −H(x, u) ≤ R0(u)|x| 2+ǫ , for any fixed ǫ > 0. hij (u)xixj(≡ 0), which is known to be strongly causal but not globally hyperbolic, lies in the critical quadratic situation with complete M0. This must be taken into account for realistic applications. The relation of these results with the notion of astigmatic conjugacy and the existence of conjugate points is also discussed.


The effect of replacement of 0-15% (in mass fraction, the same below) Al2O3 by ZnO on the crystallization behaviors and properties of Li2O- Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramic was investigated. The results show that with increasing ZnO content, the melting temperature of glass, the glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature were lowered. All glass-ceramics with different compositions can have fine equiaxial crystalline microstructures and low thermal expansion coefficient. With the replacement of 5% , β- quartz solid solution precipitated first, then β- spodumene with increasing temperatures. No changes were observed in structure or properties; they remained almost the same as the samples without replacement. When the replacement was increased to 10% with crystallization at 820℃ , willemite appeared in addition to β- quartz solid solution and β- spodumene. Then the samples had higher flexural strength and fracture toughness. When the replacement was increased to 15%, crystals tended to become coarser, which could result in a decrease in the flexural strength and fracture toughness.


Six mosses in Hg mining district of Wanshan,Guizhou,including Palamoclaodium sciureum(Mitt.) Broth and Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.) B.S.W,were sampled to study their adsorption and accumulation of mercury(Hg).The results showed that the mosses could enrich Hg,and Hg concentrations of P.sciureum and T.cymbifolium were decreased with the augmentation of the pollution-source distance.The mosses have commonness in the adsorption isotherm for Hg and the adsorption quantity increased with the density of the equilibrium solution.The adsorption quantity of P.sciureum was higher than that of T.cymbifolium.The adsorption characteristics fit well with the Liner equation,Freundlich equation and Langmuir equation,and the best fitting was Langmuir equation(R=0.992 6 and R=0.976 9).The adsorption quantity of P.sciureum and T.cymbifolium were 356.24 mg·g-1 and 236.72 mg·g-1 respectively.The adsorption kinetic characteristics showed that the adsorption quantity increased with the augmentation of Hg density.The adsorption increased fast in the initial 0.5 h and reached the maximum adsorption at 2 h.The mathematic model showed that the Exponent equation and Elovich equation could commendably fit the Hg adsorption dynamics of P.sciureum and T.cymbifolium(R=0.954 1 and R=0.999 6).


for the widely used model system  C. elegans  . Here, we introduce a method based on the  in vivo  covalent modification of DNA by transcribing RNA polymerases to determine genome-wide transcription patterns in single tissues of embryos or young adult animals. We show that the method is able to identify actively transcribed genes in tissues representing down to 0.2% of the somatic cells in adult animals. Additionally, this method can be Abstract Differential gene expression across cell types underlies the development and cell physiology in multicellular organisms.  C. elegans is a powerful, extensively used model to address these biological questions. A remaining bottleneck relates, however, to the difficulty to obtain comprehensive tissue-specific gene transcription data, since available methods are still challenging to execute and/or require large worm populations. Here, we introduce the  R  N  A P  ol Dam  ID (RAPID) approach, in which the Dam methyltransferase is fused to a ubiquitous RNA polymerase subunit in order to create transcriptional footprints  via  methyl marks on the DNA of transcribed genes. To validate the method, we determined the polymerase footprints in whole animals, sorted embryonic blastomeres and in different tissues from intact young adults by driving Dam fusion expression tissue-specifically. We obtained meaningful transcriptional footprints in line with RNA-seq studies in whole animals or specific tissues. To challenge the sensitivity of RAPID and demonstrate its utility to determine novel tissue-specific transcriptional profiles, we determined the transcriptional footprints of the pair of XXX neuroendocrine cells, representing 0.2% of the somatic cell content of the animals. We identified 2362 candidate genes with putatively active transcription in XXX cells, among which the few known markers for these cells. Using transcriptional reporters for a subset of new hits, we confirmed that the majority of them were expressed in XXX and identified novel XXX-specific markers. Taken together, our work establishes RAPID as a valid method for the determination of polymerase footprints in specific tissues of  C. elegans a fusion between a small subunit present in all three RNA polymerases, we show that the technique can be used on both fluorescently sorted blastomere cells, or DNA isolated from entire young adults using cell-type-specific expression generated by Cre/  lox  . To test the versatility of the method, we determined the polymerase footprints in three different tissues at each stage. In young adults, these tissues represent between 10 and 0.2% of the somatic cells of the animal. We show that meaningful transcriptional patterns can be recovered using this technique, in line with previously used, RNA tagging/pulling and dissociation-based methods. We further explore how this technique can be used to discover tissue-specific markers and report here the identification of eight new reporters for adult


Wereadwith great interest the studyby Liebermanet al. on the utilization of frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and recombinant factor VIIa in pediatric population with hemostatic impairment.1 We agree with the authors that there is a tendency for inappropriate use of blood products in pediatric clinical scenarios, which could be of less benefit to the child and may lead to unnecessary transfusion reactions. However we disagree with the authors that point of care (POC) testing like rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) may not be useful in pediatric and neonatal patients. We report a case in which intraoperative ROTEM analysis was used to guide the correction of coagulopathy in a 10-year-old, 21 kg child with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) undergoing a laparoscopic splenectomy for splenomegaly. The child's preoperative hemoglobin was 7.9 g/dl, prothrombin time (PT) was 14.2 sec, partial thromboplastin time (PTT)was 34.6 sec, and platelet countwas 169×109/l. A baseline ROTEM for extrinsic thromboelastometry (EXTEM) and fibrinolysis thromboelastometry (FIBTEM) after induction showed all the coagulation parameters within normal reference ranges (Table 1). A bolus load of tranexamic acid 10mg/kgwas given after induction of anesthesia followed by 1mg/kg/hr infusion. Three hours into surgery, after splenic artery ligation, surgeons observed diffuse surgical ooze. A total of 1000 ml (52 ml/kg) of crystalloid load had been given (700 ml Lactated Ringers combined with 350 ml PlasmaLyte). The total urine output was 400 ml. No overt bleedingwas observed on drapes or in the suction bottle. The childwas hemodynamically stable and normothermic. ROTEM was repeated and showed a decrease in A20 (FIBTEM), alfa angle (EXTEM), and an increase in clot formation time (EXTEM) and maximum lysis (EXTEM; Table 1). Blood gas analysis by I-STAT SystemAbbott (Ottawa, Canada) showed a hematocrit/hemoglobin 17%/5.8 g/dl. This led to transfusion of 70 ml (3.3 ml/kg) of cryoprecipitate, 140 ml platelets, and 1 unit (276 ml; 13.1 ml/kg) of packed red blood cell and 300 ml Voluven R © (6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 in 0.9% sodium chloride) over the next 3 hr. Clinical normalization of hemostasis was affirmed by the surgeons and a recheck ROTEM revealed normal coagulation parameters. Final I-STAT showed hematocrit/hemoglobin 21%/7.1 g/dl. No other blood products were transfused postoperatively and the child was discharged home 7 days later. The first manifestation of hemostatic deterioration was oozing, a typical surgical complaint. This clinical impression was confirmed by ROTEM. The impairment of hemostasis was unanticipated as


ABSTRACT FINAL ID: PP41C-1793
At present, the Okhotsk Sea contributes to ventilation of intermediate NW-Pacific via production of the oxygenated Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW: ~200-800 m). In the Okhotsk Sea, oxygen minimum zone appears as water layer between ~800 and 1500 m water depths with oxygen contents 0.3-1.5 ml/l. The paleoreconstructions of the OSIW production and the OMZ intensity in the Okhotsk Sea are important to understand the glacial-interglacial variations of oxygenation / ventilation of intermediate NW-Pacific. This study presents high-resolution benthic foraminiferal and sedimentological data for the last 115 ka of the IMAGES core MD01-2415 (Figure 1). The resulting reconstructions of the OMZ intensity for core MD01-2415 are compared with those for the KOMEX cores: LV28-2-4, LV28-40-5 and LV28-43-5 covering the last 52, 80 and 46 ka, respectively. To reconstruct intensity of the OMZ, we applied downcore distributions of the relative abundance (%) and accumulation rate (AR, sp. cm/kyr) of the dominant benthic foraminifera and assemblages indicative of the different bottom water oxygenation (Figure 1). The Dysoxic (0.1-0.3 ml/l), Suboxic (0.3-1.5 ml/l) and Oxic (1.5-6 ml/l) assemblages were obtained by grouping of all species of cores. Additional proxies included the sediment color* b, magnetic susceptibility, the percentage and AR of total organic carbon, calcium carbonate and biogenic opal for cores under study. We discuss probable causes of the reconstructed intensification of the Okhotsk Sea OMZ during the Termination I – Holocene (with maximum in the Preboreal) and the OMZ weakening during the Marine Isotope Stages 2-5d.


Increasing global competition, combined with skyrocketing costs and scarcity of raw materials, have forced many manufacturing organizations to actively undertake inter- and intra-firm effort at improving the flexibility of their organization and supply chain. Such flexibility allows the facility and supply chain to effectively address uncertainty from a wide variety of sources, yet continue to produce efficiently different products or product volumes of acceptable quality, cost, and timeframe. The research literature and popular press have suggested a wide variety of options for improving flexibility, including hard technology solutions (e.g. robotics), people focused (e.g., cross-training), external (e.g., outsourcing), and uncertainty reduction (e.g., lean production) practices. Despite the large volume of literature and practical advice on improving flexibility in manufacturing organizations, one area of critical importance is missing, specifically the role that the flexibility of the organization's information systems (including the technology, people, processes, and procedures) plays in achieving the strategic goals of manufacturing flexibility, competitiveness and performance, and integration with key supply chain members.
Given the uncertainty and changing business conditions faced by North American manufacturers, the need to balance the flexibility of an organization's information system is more important now than ever before. Too much flexibility may result in workarounds and corrupt data leading to increased inefficiencies and levels of waste, contrary to production goals. Too rigid a system makes it difficult for the organization to adequately respond to uncertainty and change key business process to respond to changing environmental conditions. To better understand the role of IS flexibility in today's information technology dependent manufacturing organizations, this article outlines research aimed at developing a model of the relationship between IS, and more specifically, enterprise systems (ES), flexibility and risk, capability, and reliability. Future research focused on how this framework will be tested is also introduced and discussed.


Background: Neuropathic pain (NeP) is a wide group of conditions provoked by many different causes and with different patterns. The creation of a grading system was intended to determine the level of certainty that the pain is of neuropathic nature. Methods: The aim of this review is to update previously published data on some NeP questionnaires and their measurement properties. The selection of articles is based on the basic neurological units. To assess the usefulness and credibility of the questionnaires, the authors searched for a commonly used measure of reliability, as well as sensitivity and specificity. Results: Studies regarding the usefulness and credibility of questionnaires used in NeP were realized. Different patient cohorts, etiologies and sample sizes, do not allow for an unambiguous comparison of the presented scales; however, all of these studies found good measures of reliability, specificity and sensitivity. Conclusions: NeP tools seem to be beneficial screening instruments that should be utilized by specialists and general practitioners to improve the recognition of "possible" NeP and to determine the epidemiology of this disorder. They have been developed to distinguish perceived pain into neuropathic and non-neuropathic, and, therefore, patients with a mixed pain can still present a diagnostic challenge. Clinical examination and interview play an essential role in the diagnostic process and monitoring, and cannot be neglected.


ABSTRACT Ways of studying illegal behaviour are important in the context of Indonesia, a country well known for its failure to deal adequately with the corruption that permeates every level of society. They are perhaps even more salient at the peripheries of the nation-state where government agencies struggle to contain the illegal practices that necessarily emerge where nation-states meet. This article reflects on our experiences conducting a decade-long study of an Indonesian borderlands that, while not initially focused on illegality, came – as a consequence of its ubiquity – to include it as a key construct. This experience led us to grapple not only with methodological questions about how to research illegality but also with assumptions about what illegality is and does. We argue that the only way to recognise and account for the quotidian nature of many kinds of illegal activity in the borderlands is to eschew an ethnography of exception in favour of an ethnography of the mundane.


Intravenous and intracarotid administration of methohexital (Brevital) sodium has been used to activate focal seizure discharge in medically intractable psychomotor epileptic patients who were candidates for temporal lobe resection in an effort to control their seizure disorders. Electroencephalogram data recorded during intravenous and intracarotid injection show methohexital to be an activator of autonomous or independent temporal lobe foci. Data recorded during intracarotid injections confirmed EEG findings obtained during intravenous injections which indicate that methohexital activates primary temporal lobe foci and not dependent secondary foci. Corticographic data obtained at the time of temporal lobectomy confirmed the activation of focal epileptiform discharge following intravenously administered methohexital. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that use of the drug during corticography helps delineate the extent of the electrical focus, thus assisting the surgeon in determining the extent of the brain resection.


Styrene‐acrylic resin paints having a pigment volume concentration of 31 per cent and consisting of a constant level of ethylene glycol, titanium oxide, water, rheological agent, inhibitor and defoamer and variable levels of dispersant (x), anticorrosion pigment (y) and wollastonite (z) were prepared. Such emulsion paints were applied to the flat carbon steel test panels. The dried paint films were subjected to various standard anticorrosion tests. The results obtained showed different types of relationship between the anticorrosive behaviour of the paints and variables x, y and z. The antifouling properties of the paint films were obtained through corrosion tests in a marine‐industrial environment at ambient temperatures.


It's a good feeling to see a scholar of Peter Kolesar's stature take the time and effort to expound his views so eloquently in Interfaces. But while there is value in Professor Kolesar's comments, I feel he does not delve deeply enough.

First, let me give credit to Professor Byrd [Byrd, Jack. Jr. 1978. The value of queuing theory. Interfaces8 3, May 22--26.] who started the debate by asking "Of what value is queueing theory?" Professor Bhat [Bhat, U. Narayan. 1978. The value of queuing theory---A rejoinder. Interfaces8 3, May 27--28.] gave a quick answer, essentially that there is great value to queueing theory. Now Professor Kolesar attempts to settle the issue by detailing the value of queueing theory. He also severely criticizes Interfaces. The issues raised by Professor Kolesar are of great importance to our profession, but I strongly disagree with some of his conclusions. I requested that I be allowed to respond to Professor Kolesar's letter, and postpone my column on Information Systems to the next issue. So let me examine the questions we are debating.


Abstract The phenomenon of reduction of the set of permutations H arising in theorems on the weak convergence of the number of pairs of H-equivalent tuples in a segment of an indecomposable finite Markov chain to discrete distributions of the Poisson type is investigated.


Abstract The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should immediately update current policies to include reimbursement for Medicare patients receiving intravenous antibiotics at home. The majority of these patients are over the age of 65 and at increased risk for severe illness due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Requiring them to travel to an infusion center, stay in a skilled nursing facility or remain in the hospital longer than necessary to receive treatment results in avoidable risk of exposure amidst a pandemic. Current policy has significant implications for increased cost and harm to both these patients and the US healthcare system.


Methyl-mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), a new sugar esterified lipid synthesized by Pseudozyma aphidis, was assessed for its functionality in modulating rumen fermentation and microbiota toward more propionate and less methane production. A pure culture study using rumen representatives showed that MEL selectively inhibited the growth of most Gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus bovis, ruminococci, and Fibrobacter succinogenes, but not Gram-negative bacteria such as Megasphaera elsdenii, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. A batch culture study revealed that MEL significantly decreased methane production in a dose-dependent manner with accumulation of hydrogen, while propionate production was enhanced. A continuous culture (Rusitec) study confirmed all of these changes. A feeding study revealed that sheep fed a MEL diet showed an increased proportion of propionate, while proportions of acetate and butyrate were decreased without affecting total VFA level. These changes disappeared after cessation of MEL feeding. Based on these results, dietary application of MEL can favorably modify rumen fermentation in terms of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization.


When a linear controller is applied to a nonlinear system, it sometimes causes some deterioration of the control performance. Neural control can be useful as a controller for nonlinear system. Its learning architecture can be classified into General Learning, Specialized Learning, Forward and Inverse Modeling and Feedback-error Learning Architectures. However, these architectures have the following defects, that is, the output of plant does not always track the objective value, learning law can not be determined when dynamics of plant are unknown and the structure becomes complicated, etc. In this study, to improve the above defects, a Learning Control system, which has simple structure using only one artificial neural network and has feedback function, is proposed via Input Matching.


The goal of this article is more to highlight the diversity of power relationships within retirement homes rather than to explore the power the personnel has over the residents in these institutions. First of all, we will focus our attention on the relationships of power that end in having the elderly person enter into a retirement home; then on those established within the institution. Who are the players in entering an institution? How does the elderly person come to terms with the feeling of being "placed"? What are the power relationships that then develop within the institution, both between residents and with the personnel? What resistance mechanisms (to the power of the personnel or the other residents) can be observed? We attempt to answer these questions through the prism of the body, which is observable, in geriatric institutions providing medical care, both as a support for power relationships and a method of resistance.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the energized rotation of a single-phase compressor caused by power accumulated during a reverse operation by separating a pair of scrolls, forming a flow path having no obstacles through a compressor means, and reducing a turning radius. SOLUTION: When a sufficient centrifugal force is not generated because the rotational speed of a crankshaft 30 is too low, or when the ability of a compressor 10 is insufficient, an axis B-B, i.e., a turning scroll 12 is moved toward an axis A-A by the repulsion of overlapped spring 36, and laps 12-1 and 14-1 are separated from each other. Thus, a flow path having no continuous obstacles is formed through the compressor 10, and the pressures of suction and discharge sides are made uniform. Therefore, since the length of a moment arm is shortened, torque generated by a force applied to reversely operate the turning scroll 12 is reduced, and torque becomes zero after the pressures are made uniform. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


Nigeria has witnessed a great change in information and communication technology (ICT) as a result of the liberalisation of the telecommunication sector in the country in the early 2000s coupled with high rate of economic growth. Consequently, this study examines the relationship and impact of ICT on economic growth in Nigeria. Using a secure internet server per 1 million, mobile cellular subscription per 100 people, and investment in telecoms with private sector participation (in current USD) as proxies for ICT, and GDP as proxy for economic growth for the period 1997 to 2016, the outcome of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) reveals that there is a cointegration between ICT and economic growth, which establishes the existence of a long-run relationship between them. In the short run, only secure internet server per 1 million and mobile cellular subscription per 100 people have a positive and significant impact on economic growth, whereas investment in telecoms with private sector participation was not significant. The Granger causality test shows the bidirectional causality between secure internet server per 1 million and economic growth. The results suggest that there is a need for a strong political will to support an enabling environment and to propel the ease of doing business in the sector to attract private and foreign investment into the sector, as this would improve the secure internet server, increase the penetration of mobile usage to the rural communities, and increase the performance of other sectors of the economy that would foster the economic growth of Nigeria.


We demonstrate novel APDs with multiple multiplication-layers. With optimized charge doping, it exhibits a low $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{pt}}$ and keeps an invariant $\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{br}}$, which minimizes space-charge screening and device heating, respectively. High saturation-current (12.8mA) and high-quality 3-D images in FWCW lidar system are achieved using this device.


Abstract. We have tested a serum that reacts strongly with I, P1 red cells, weakly with I, P2 cells, more weakly with i adult, P1 cells, and not at all with I, p cells. Two iso‐antibodies were detected, one being anti‐IP1, which could be isolated in pure form by absorption of the serum with ordinary P2 cells. The second antibody, from its reactions with various P1‐negative cells, was presumably anti‐IP, indicating still another interaction product of the I and P genes.


The authors identify four important task requirements for dextrous robot hand control. These requirements are stability, manipulability, torquability, and radial rotatability. High-level task descriptions, supplied by the user, are refined into detailed task descriptions that can be used to drive a robot hand. A knowledge-based approach for refining a reasonable set of tasks is used to infer values for a set of task attributes, which trigger several heuristics. Those heuristics are applied using a set of metaheuristics to determine good grasp postures and poses for the task. How to use this multidimensional grasping quality in grasp mode selection and performance evaluation is shown in an industrial assembly domain.<<ETX>>


Extract: Embryonic mumps virus infection in the avian host leads to fetal growth retardation. The mechanism of this retardation has not been established.The avian host is unique in that the direct effect of a virus on the embryo may be ascertained in the absence of a placenta.Using radioisotope labeling techniques, DNA, RNA, and protein metabolism was investigated in tissues from infected and control chickens. Metabolism in organ tissue cultivated in vitro and then infected was also studied using the same radioisotope techniques.At hatch, the mean body weight of eight experimental chickens infected with mumps virus early during embryonic incubation was significantly less than that of 19 controls. This lower weight was evident in the brain of the infected chickens. The brain and carcass contained decreased amounts of RNA and protein when compared with uninfected control chickens. The kidney was the only other organ in which the protein content in experimental chickens was less than in controls.There was no difference in the DNA content of organs from in ovo-infected and control chickens or organ tissues cultivated in vitro before infection with mumps virus. Similarly, measurements of cell number at the same time were equal.Viral assay of the chickens infected in ovo revealed highest titers of virus in the heart throughout the last half of incubation. Intermediate titers of virus were recovered from the lung, spleen, and skeletal muscle. Low quantities of virus were recovered from the brain and liver. The bursa contained high titers of virus at midincubation but these titers rapidly declined by hatch.Growth retardation in the mumps virus-infected chicken model is not due to a reduction in cell number but appears to be caused by a diminution in cell size.Speculation: The relation between embryonic mumps virus infection and myocarditis is supported by the findings of high titers of virus throughout the incubation period. It is postulated that altered cardiac function results in a state of hypofusion and a preferential effect is seen in the brain with consequent diminution of cell size rather than cell number.


Petroleum is one of the natural resources that can produce energy both for fuel and for generating electricity. One of the most important and widely used equipment in this industry is a pump. A pump is a device for distributing fluids from one place to another. A centrifugal pump is a device for distributing move liquids from one place to another by converting the fluid's kinetic energy into potential energy through an impeller that rotates in the housing. The objective of this research is to analyze the damage of pump 024P108, which indicated high vibration due to using a high-speed shaft. The research is done by using an analytical method, using CFD Fluent analysis with flow discharge capacity under normal conditions and minimum flow conditions, and comparing the results by API 610. Afterward, the right maintenance will be known for the 024P108 centrifugal pump to reduce the high vibration that occurred in the pump. The pump is run at minimum flow with a flow rate of 22 m3/hr and the normal flow rate of the pump is 97.9 m3/hr so that the results show that the pump head has decreased to 198.74 m and the pressure drop has increased by 2.5995×105 Pa. The vibration test data shows that high vibration of 8.5 mm/s is produced by a minimum flow state of 22 m3/hr, this low fluid flow is the cause of high vibration on the pump. High vibration has an impact on pump performance, that is decreasing pump performance (efficiency) and if left continuously it can cause damage to the pump.


The inquiry of Kalmyk youth leisure during deportation is discussed in this article:  which forms of leisure were implemented, which norms of communication regulated the behavior of boys and girls. The material of oral histories was used for analysis. The report was presented at the International scientific conference "Humanities of Southern Russia: international  and regional cooperation". Elista, 20-23 September 2011.


The pressing need to produce more computer science graduates in the United States to meet the ever-growing number of open computing and technology jobs, and the lack of parity in gender representation necessitates identifying measures to help retain and support more seekers of computer science majors. Fostering a strong sense of belonging to the field of computing has been shown to increase persistence in the major, particularly for women and people of color. In this panel, we will discuss techniques for building community along with personal experiences regarding the impact of having and also lacking that community. Current research on belonging and its impact on persistence will also be presented.


Injection of mice with two interferon inducers, Newcastle disease virus or statolon, 20 hours after inoculation with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, prevented or delayed the development of detectable malarial parasitemia and death.


Television projectors are of two types. One type starts with an unmodulated light flux and both steers and intensity modulates the photons in the flux. This is not a simple matter, because the photons must be acted upon physically only by moving mirrors or by moving lenses. No practical means has been found to directly steer or intensity modulate a flux of photons using either electric or magnetic fields. Instead, a complex assembly of physically moving modulators and deflectors is interposed in the light flux to form what is now commonly called a "light valve ".


Three symmetric alkylamino-substituted perylene bisimides with different n-alkyl chain lengths (n = 6, 12, or 18), 1,7-bis-(N,N-dialkylamino)perylene bisimides (1a–1c), were synthesized under mild condition and were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopy. Their optical and electrochemical properties were measured using UV-Vis and emission spectroscopic techniques as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV). These compounds show deep green color in both solution and solid state, and are highly soluble in dichloromethane and even in nonpolar solvents such as hexane. The shapes of the absorption spectra of 1a–1c in the solution and solid state were found to be almost the same, indicating that the long alkyl chains could efficiently prevent intermolecular contact and aggregation. They show a unique charge transfer emission in the near-infrared region, of which the peak wavelengths exhibit strong solvatochromism. The dipole moments of the molecules have been estimated using the Lippert–Mataga equation, and upon excitation, they show larger dipole moment changes than that of 1,7-diaminoperylene bisimide (2). Moreover, all the dyes exhibit two irreversible one-electron oxidations and two quasi-reversible one-electron reductions in dichloromethane at modest potentials. Complementary density functional theory calculations performed on these chromophores are reported in order to rationalize their electronic structure and optical properties.


Aging is associated with impaired vascular function characterized in part by attenuated vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Due to structural and functional differences between conduit and resistance arteries, the effect of aging on vasorelaxation responses may vary along the arterial tree. Our purpose was to determine age‐related differences in vasorelaxation responses in large and small arteries. Responses to the endothelium‐dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) and the endothelium‐independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed in abdominal aorta (AA), iliac arteries (IA), femoral arteries (FA), and gastrocnemius feed arteries (GFA) from young and old male rats. ACh‐mediated vasorelaxation was significantly impaired in old AA and IA. SNP‐mediated vasorelaxation was impaired in old AA. To investigate a potential mechanism for impaired relaxation responses in AA and IA, we assessed eNOS protein content and interactions with caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1), and calmodulin (CaM) via immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis. We found no age differences in eNOS content or interactions with Cav1 and CaM. Combined data from all rats revealed that eNOS content was higher in IA compared to AA and FA (p < .001), and was higher in GFA than AA (p < .05). Cav1:eNOS interaction was greater in FA than in AA and IA (p < .01), and in GFA compared to IA (p < .05). No differences in CaM:eNOS were detected. In conclusion, age‐related impairment of vasorelaxation responses occurred in the large conduit, but not small conduit or resistance arteries. These detrimental effects of age were not associated with changes in eNOS or its interactions with Cav‐1 or CaM.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute toxicity and genetic damage in experimental animals. METHODS:In the acute toxicity study,mice were intragastrically administered by 21.5,10.0,4.64,2.15 g/kg rabdosia serra teabags groups and calculated the median lethal dose(LD) by Horn method.In Ames test,set 5 000, 501 000,200,40,8 μg rabdosia serra teabags per plate.In mice bone marrow cell micronucleus and mice sperm abnormality test,2.50,5.00 and 10.0 g/kg rabdosia serra teabags groups.RESULTS:The acute oral toxicity in rabdosia serra teabags was more than 21.5 g/kg.In Ames test with and without S metabolic activation,the reverse 9mutations of typhimurium TA97, TA98,TA100,TA102 were less than double compared with natural mutations,and no dose-response relationship was found.The micronucleus rates and sperm abnormality rates in all doses showed no significant difference from the negative control(P0.05). CONCLUSION:Under these experimental conditions,rabdosia serra teabags was shown to be a non-toxic substance. It did not cause genetic toxicity.


Dilematics and Challenges of Nuclear Regulatory Control During the Pandemic of Covid-19. Any activity using nuclear energy must be controlled by the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN). The regulatory control is aimed at protecting the health and safety of working personnel, public and environment from the potential hazards arising from nuclear activities. In the implementation of regulatory control, it often needs to do activity involving a number of people, such as meeting to discuss regulation or to clarify some issues of licensing. In many cases, it needs also to do licensing verification and regulatory inspection to the nuclear/radiation facilities to ensure their safety conditions. However, since the outbreak of COVID-19, activities that involve many people such as meetings and visits must be reduced. This has created some regulatory dilemmas and challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to analyze these dilemmas/challenges to find their solutions. Present study using analytical descriptive method was performed to answer such problems. This paper presents results of the study in the form of analysis of the regulatory dilemmas/challenges, and recommends some solutions.¬


The wicked problem of plastic pollution is one of the key global challenges. Finding adequate solutions to this complex problem requires cross-cultural and inter-organizational collaboration among diverse sets of stakeholders. In this context, the Ellen Mac Arthur Foundation approaches the problem of plastic pollution not only by involving experts into innovation processes but also by integrating the general public in form of an IT enabled crowdsourcing initiative. In this study, we analyze the outcomes of these actions with the help of automated text mining techniques. Our analysis demonstrates significant differences between the solutions given by experts and the crowd along various criteria. Further, this study provides guidance for practitioners on how to integrate diverse sets of individuals in problem solving processes with the help of information systems technologies. Especially for sustainability issues affecting both, developed and developing regions.


A 1.2 GHz GaAs shift register integrated circuit (IC) was developed for time-to-digital convertor (TDC) readout electronics with no deadtime for a drift chamber under high hit rate condition. The memory depth was 256, making it possible to obtain sufficient delay time for a trigger decision. The preproduction ICs successfully functioned with up to a 1.2 GHz shift clock with a power consumption less than 1.2 W. >


Upon mapping swarm robots search to particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and proposing concept of time-varying character swarm (TVCS), the authors extend PSO to model swarm robotic system. Based on control principle of expected evolution position, an asynchronous communication policy is presented. Robot detects target signals in parallel to decide expected evolution position. The required time steps for completing the distance between two consecutive expected positions depend on kinematics constraints of robot. Meanwhile, robot evaluates positions it passes in every time step, updating its cognition as soon as when a better finding of itself has been found, updating shared information and broadcasting within TVCS if a better finding of swarm appears. Either listening change of shared information or reaching the current expected position, robot starts to compute new expected position and turn out next control round. Simulation results indicate that the presented communication strategy has advantage over popular ones in search efficiency.


Summary Many introduced plant species, either by chance or for agronomic purpose, are creating ecological problems. It is the case of Eupatorium odoratum L. The present study describes the situation of this weed in Togo.


The present invention relates to (isolated) recombinant proteins (also referred to as improved MAT (iMAT) molecules), which comprise at least one translocation module, at least one target induction module and at least one antigen module, wherein at least One cysteine residue is replaced with a different amino acid residue. Such iMAT molecules are in particular as vaccines, for example for the treatment and / or prevention of allergies and / or infections, and / or animals (more preferably ruminants, pigs, dogs and / or cats, However, it is useful for preventing transmission of infectious diseases in horses (except horses). Furthermore, the present invention relates to nucleic acids encoding such iMAT molecules, corresponding vectors and primary cells or cell lines.


Contrary to the prevailing depiction of the university EAP as a narrowly conceived program of information and referral, linking faculty with substance abuse treatment services external to the university, the reported study describes the EAP in a large urban university as a social service agency responding to a broad range of problems, particularly for those whose access to other services is limited. Differences among faculty and staff are explored with respect to the problems for which help was sought and the resources available for their remediation. A consideration of the effects of clients' location in the hierarchy provides a perspective on the redistributive and adaptive functions that the EAP can assume in a complex organiztion where benefits are differentially distributed.


I stepped off a plane from Port-au-Prince the other day, and the immigration officer at Kennedy Airport refused to touch my passport. Because I had been to Haiti, he was afraid he might catch AIDS from me.


The Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences was contracted by General Atomics Company to develop a superconducting feeder system containing a pair of 50-kA high-temperature superconducting (HTS) current leads for ITER central solenoid magnet test. These HTS current leads (HTSCL) are based on the previous ITER lead design experiences. However, the vertical assembly design of HTSCL which is different from ITER's horizontal assembly causes the water leakage in the insulation flange during the initial phase. Some improvements were recognized and expected to avoid the potential risk for further prototypes and series production of ITER leads. Some development experiences are shared in this paper. The HTS current leads contain BiSCCO AgAu matrix tapes to minimize the heat load to 4.5 K end. Its resistive part is cooled by 50-K helium. In the HTS part, the conduction cooling is adopted. The HTS current leads were integrated in the feeder system to perform 4.5-K full current test. The factory acceptance test was implemented to verify the high-voltage and thermodynamic performances. The maximum current of 55 kA was achieved. The test indicates that the helium mass flow consumption is 3.3 g/s per lead and the loss of flow accident time is approximate to 10 min at the nominal current with the stoppage of 50-K helium. The insulation flange passed the high-voltage test of 15 kV, while the leakage current is less than 1 mA after the improvement. More detailed test results will be shown in this paper.


The prevention effect of 35% Metalaxyl DP,50 % Thiram WP and 35% Carbendazim·Thiram·Carbofuran FS on root rot of mung bean was studied.The results showed that:the yield of the treatment by seed dressing on the ratio of 1∶40 of 35% Carbendazim·Thiram·Carbofuran FS was extremely significant higher than the other treatments,and it was 1 413.7 kg·hm-2.Its prevention effect on the root rot of mung bean was the best and had long lasting time.The prevention effect of mung bean root rot were 82.6%,64.1% and 69.4% respectively at 10,30 and 60 days after mung bean emergence.


We state a new axisymmetric, static, asymptotically flat solution of the Einstein equations in a vacuum. The solution depends on three parameters, m, n, and ..gamma... When n..-->..infinity and ..gamma -->..1, the solution has the Schwarzschild solution as a limit. There are no horizons and the tetrad components of the conformal tensors are everywhere finite. The solution lacks elemetary flatness on the whole axis of symmetry.


The lack of active 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic treatment creates a challenge for researchers and scientists to find the most appropriate treatment for this disease. Dexamethasone, according to the findings of the RECOVERY clinical trial, declared mid-June 2020 in print media was one of those therapies. Although the results from retrospective studies are not strongly supportive of corticosteroid routine use in COVID-19 despite the signals for some benefits, the dedicated RECOVERY trial found a significant reduction in death with dexamethasone only in severe cases on a ventilator or moderate cases on supplemental oxygen therapy nevertheless, no benefit observed in mild to moderate cases requiring no oxygen. More studies are still necessary to substantiate conclusive use with dexamethasone in COVID-19. This narrative review attempts to summarize all available shreds of evidence from previously published research articles on the use of dexamethasone in COVID-19 pandemic treatment.


Open source information from Internet has been affecting behaviors of investors more and more,thereby affecting stock pricing and the effectiveness of resource allocation of stock markets.Based on a search-engine-based text data mining algorithm,a group of data series on the amount of open source information content are captured from Internet,and used to investigate their meanings on asset pricing. On pricing some individual stocks,the index of open source information content is found to significantly relevant to the abnormal returns.Some evidence is found that open source information even contains more effective content than the variable of trading volume does.


Glenn Miles has been nursing in developing countries for 15 years, as well as raising funds for international health projects and running courses for other expatriate nurses working in the tropics. His globetrotting began when as a student nurse he worked in an Indian Salvation Army Hospital during his vacation, and subsequently raised several thousand pounds for a 'Buy a thermometer' appeal for the hospital. Since then he has worked in the Sind desert, a slum in Manila, in a refugee camp on the Thai Cambodian border and with a district health programme in Cambodia. Two years ago he sustained a head injury while working in the Cambodian capital Phnom Penh and returned to Britain. He is still a consultant to the project and has raised over £20,000 through speaking tours of the UK and the US.


This article studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gendered dimensions of employment and mental health among urban informal-sector workers in Delhi, India. First, the study finds that men's employment declined by 84 percentage points during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic employment, while their monthly earnings fell by 89 percent relative to the baseline mean. In contrast, women did not experience any significant impact on employment during pandemic. Second, the study documents very high levels of pandemic-induced mental stress, with wives reporting greater stress than husbands. Third, this gendered pattern in pandemic-induced mental stress is partly explained by men's employment losses, which affected wives more than husbands. In contrast, women staying employed during the pandemic is associated with worse mental health for them and their (unemployed) husbands. Fourth, pre-existing social networks are associated with higher mental stress for women, possibly due to the "home-based" nature of women's networks. HIGHLIGHTS In India, men suffered larger employment losses than women during the pandemic. Women reported greater mental stress than men, although both reported high stress. Men's employment losses affected their wives' mental health more than their own. Having many peers is correlated with worse stress for women, but not men.


Camera node perception capability is one of the crucial issues for visual sensor networks, which belongs to the field of Internet of Things. Multi-object tracking is an important feature in analyzing object trajectories across multiple cameras, thus allowing synthesis of data and security analysis of images in various scenarios. Despite intensive research in the last decades, it remains challenging for tracking systems to perform in real-world situations. We therefore focus on key issues of multi-object state estimation for unconstrained multi-camera systems, e.g., data fusion of multiple sensors and data association. Unlike previous work that rely on camera network topology inference, we construct a graph from 2-D observations of all camera pairs without any assumption of network configuration. We apply the shortest path algorithm to the graph to find fused 3-D observation groups. Our approach is thus able to reject false positive reconstructions automatically, and also minimize computational complexity to guarantee feasible data fusion. Particle filters are applied as the 3-D tracker to form tracklets that integrate local features. These tracklets are modeled by a graph and linked into full tracks incorporating global spatial-temporal features. Experiments on the real-world PETS2009 S2/L1 sequence show the accuracy of our approach. Analyses of the different components of our approach provide meaningful insights for object tracking using multiple cameras. Evidence is provided for selecting the best view for a visual sensor network.


The aim of this study was to improve the mechanical stability of biopolymer carriers and cell viability with addition of chitosan coating during fermentation process and product storage. Dairy starter culture (1% (w/v)) was diluted in whey and mixed with sodium alginate solution and the beads were made using extrusion technique. The mechanical stability of coated and uncoated beads, the release behavior, and the viability of encapsulated probiotic dairy starter culture in fermented whey beverages were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the beads were determined according to force-displacement and engineering stress-strain curves obtained after compression testing. It was observed that addition of chitosan as a coating on the beads as well as the fermentation process increased the elastic modulus of the calcium alginate-whey beads and cell survival. The current study revealed that the coating did not significantly improve the viability of probiotics during the fermentation but had an important influence on preservation of the strength of the carrier during storage. Our results indicate that whey-based substrate has positive effect on the mechanical stability of biopolymer beads with encapsulated probiotics.


Summary Field experiments on ryegrass leys at Rothamsted in 1981, 1982 and 1983 examined the eifects of injected aqueous urea and of broadcast prilled urea applied alone or with one of several nitrification or urease inhibitors, on yields and N, K, Ca and Mg uptakes. Aqueous urea, prilled urea or 'Nitro-Chalk' were applied as single 375 kg N/ha dressings, and prilled urea or 'Nitro-Chalk' as three 125 kg N/ha dressings. The nitrification inhibitors etridiazole or nitrapyrin were injected with aqueous urea, but dicyandiamide (DCD) was broadcast with prilled urea. Neither the urease inhibitor hydroquinone nor the nitrification inhibitors slowed the rate of urea hydrolysis. Neither hydroquinone nor DCD diminished volatilization losses of ammonia from broadcast urea which ranged from 8 to 25 kg N/ha; they were less than 4 kg N/ha from injected urea or broadcast 'Nitro-Chalk'. Nitrapyrin, etridiazole and DCD effectively inhibited nitrification. DCD, and to a lesser extent hydroquinone, increased yields and nitrogen uptakes from a single broadcast application of prilled urea given either in winter or in spring. However, these yields were still smaller than those given by injected urea or by divided dressings of urea, whether or not an inhibitor was used. The inhibitors did not increase yields with divided broadcast dressings of urea, which were slightly smaller than those with equivalent dressings of 'Nitro-Chalk'. Inhibitors did not consistently increase yield when injected with aqueous urea. Inhibitors applied with injected or broadcast urea slightly increased K uptakes, and slightly decreased Ca and Mg uptakes.


An eradication program in a leukosis herd (80% positive) was designed since 1978, and performed successfully from 1982 to 1986 by checking BLV antibodies and generous segregation of positive cattle from the negatives. Slaughter of the positives were in due order, and good milk yield was resulted. The results obtained would be a good model of eradication program with the least economic loss.


The main argument of this chapter is that knowledge is a phenomenon to be understood in the intersection of discourse and action, and that entextualization (Bauman and Briggs 1990) mediates this re ...


In order to formulate the medium-and long-term planning of aviation safety development, a qualitative prediction and analysis method known as scenario analysis method is introduced in the field of safety strategic planning. An actual example on an airline safety development in the future 5 years shows that the proposed qualitative prediction and analysis method has a good feasibility and effectiveness.


Imagine receiving the unsettling news of a loved one being sexually assaulted on a college campus by a third-party assailant. Then, imagine learning that the assault was due to the college having inadequate security. Moreover, the student cannot recover damages against the college* 1 because the courts in that particular jurisdiction are reluctant to find that a college owes a duty to safeguard its students against third-party criminal attacks, or even slippery sidewalks for that matter. Unfortunately, this is a scenario that students can still face under the current legal framework. Essentially, for some students, the likelihood to recover any damages hinges more on logistics rather than the merits of the case.The pervasiveness of sexual assaults on college campuses garnered the attention of President Obama, and now, the nation. In 2010, President Obama directed all federal agencies to prioritize the domestic and sexual violence epidemic, especially across our nation's college campuses.2 Yet, the propensity of sexual assaults on college campuses forced a renewed call to action from President Obama when he created the White House Task Force on Protecting Students from Sexual Assaults earlier this year.3 The Task Force's overall objective is to ensure colleges are held accountable for their legal obligations to combat campus sexual assault.4 One area among many that the Task Force needs to address is the failure by the courts to uniformly recognize that an affirmative duty is owed in the student-college relationship. Accordingly, this Article submits various arguments that promote a student's ability to seek damages against her college after being victim to a preventable sexual assault committed by a third-party assailant.Specifically, this Article presents three arguments. First, the current foreseeability standards are erroneously being incorporated into a legal duty analysis. Second, at least for matters that involve university law, the appropriate negligence standard comes from section 3 of the Restatement (Third) of Torts. And third, the college-student relationship should impose an affirmative duty upon a college to its students.Part I provides a brief explanation of the current state of tort law in the collegiate setting. Part II attempts to rewrite the applicable foreseeability standard, along with discussing how critical it is for determinations on foreseeability to be decided by a jury. Part III demonstrates why foreseeability is best suited for a negligence standard that utilizes a balancing approach, such as the standard in the Restatement (Third) of Torts. Finally, Part IV examines the evolution of the college-student relationship, its treatment by the courts, and the more persuasive proposals addressing the issue.I. NEGLIGENCE CLAIM FUNDAMENTALSThe increased number of civil actions alleging a college's failure to prevent sexual assaults has generated constant discussion within the legal community since it was recognized over thirty years ago.5 These lawsuits are predominately pleaded as negligence claims under a premises liability theory stemming from the college's failure to reasonably protect students from sexual assaults on campus.6 To succeed under a negligence theory, the student has the burden of proving four required elements:7 duty,8 breach,9 causation,10 and damages.* 11 Notwithstanding trivial deviations in articulation among the states, the requisite elements for the student's negligence claim against the college are essentially the same in every jurisdiction.12 Moreover, state courts have traditionally approved section 328A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts insofar as the existence of a duty being a question of law and whether a duty was breached as a question of fact.13Still, despite these instances of unity, "[t]he concept of duty in tort law remains in turmoil,"14 and "the legal doctrine with respect to thirdparty criminal attack cases is currently in a state of confusion. …


The present article describes ability of industrial appliance of electro- baromembrane processes for ultrapure water treatment. In addition, present paper describes impact of different factors on reverse osmosis permeability.


Follow in precursory relating documents, several equations of one dimension Large Strain Consolidation (LSC) and consolidation coefficients were discussed firstly. Based on this, a Finite Difference Method (FDM) equation was derived, which was the physical described LSC equation with variable displacement. Moreover, the initiate and boundary condition were dispersed by FDM, and the boundary of different layers of super soft soil was disposed of continuity. Finally,nonlinear group equations of LSC FDM solution was deduced for multi layers super soft ground by repeated method, and a FDM program of 1D nonlinear LSC analysis was compiled. Finally, a case showed a satisfied analysis result by LSCFDM.


Constructing heterostructure is an effective approach to improving the photocatalytic activity of CdS. In this work, type-II heterojunction was constructed between n-type CdS and n-type g-C3N5 via solvothermal method. SEM...


The fat and wax on the surface of wheat straw inhibit permeation of cooking reagent in cooking.Due to the lipase can decompose fat and wax,wheat straw is treated with the mixture of lipase and laccase in order to increase the permeation of cooking reagent and improve the pulping performance.The optimum conditions of lipase pretreatment and the optimum ratio of lipase and laccase were investigated in this paper.The results indicated that the optimum conditions for lipase pretreatment were: pH value 5.5,pretreatment temperature 45℃,liquor to raw material ratio 5∶1,dosage of lipase 0.71U/g.The optimum ratio of lipase and laccase was 20∶80.The pulp yield after cooking increased by 14.1% and 2.0%,the kappa number decreased by 23.7% and 2.9% respectively for the untreated and only laccase treated wheat straw.The strength and brightness of the pulp were improved obviously.The breaking length and brightness increased by 11.9% and 1.7%SBD respectively for the sample treated with the mixture of lipase and laccase compared with the sample only treat with laccase.The function of lipase in laccase delignification was confirmed by SEM analysis.


Lithium silicate glasses containing Ce{sup 3+} are known to be scintillators. Glasses in this family in which the Li is enriched ({sup 6}Li) are used as neutron detectors. The addition of Mg to this glass is known to increase the scintillation efficiency. We have found that substituting other alkaline earths results in a monotonic decrease of the scintillation efficiency with increasing atomic number. The total variation in scintillation efficiency from Mg to Ba is nearly a factor of 3. Prior experiments with this glass family show small differences in Raman and fluorescence spectra; evidence from thermoluminescence experiments indicates that the scintillation efficiency is most strongly correlated with structural effects in the neighborhood of the Ce{sup 3+} activator ion. The results of low-temperature studies of fluorescence and thermoluminescence of these glasses will be reported.


Adding the refined E.coli endotoxin to MEM which contains of serum made the densities distinguishes to 50,100,200,500 EUs/ mls, then culture Vero cells by the MEMs. Determining the curve of cell growth, the mPDT of cell, the maximum multiply density and trypan blue dye etc, The influence of E.coli Endotoxin to Vero cells were researched, the result indicated that Vero cells may still grow normally when the density of E.coli Endotoxin was 50 EU/ml,at the same time,the higher the densities and the longer culture time,the greater of the influence to the cell multiply speed with live rate declining apparently.All indicated that Endotoxin has great effect on Vero cells growth and live rate,the effect depended on the time and dosage to some extent.


The field of lightweight cryptography has developed significantly over recent years and many impressive implementation results have been published. However these results are often concerned with a core computation and when it comes to a real implementation there can be significant hidden overheads. In this paper we consider the case of CRYPTOGPS and we outline a full implementation that has been fabricated in ASIC. Interestingly, the implementation requirements still remain within the typically-cited limits for on-the-tag cryptography.


In this chapter we aim to provide a 'pracademic' view on the reasons why we have boards and why they undertake certain activities. Our approach is based primarily on academic research, hopefully tempered with a real-world understanding of governance issues. We also rely on insights we have gleaned from our own research that primarily relies on observing boards in action.


The questions of neural networks usage for cryptographic information protection have been considered. The problem of cryptographic stability and the main reasons for the unreliability of cryptosystems have been investigated. The issue of neurocomputers application in cryptanalysis is considered. The analysis of the neurocomputers work based on the developed software is done.


A novel basic polymerized ionic liquid (BPIL): polymeric 1-[(4-ethenylphenyl)methyl]-3-propylimidazolium imidazolide was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The BPIL was used as an efficient catalyst for aqueous Knoevenagel condensations with extended substrates. In comparison with common base catalysts, the BPIL showed high catalytic activity, which was ascribed to the cooperation between the strong basicity and the high surface activity. Moreover, the BPIL with high molecular weight has high surface activity and low catalytic activity. In addition, the BPIL was easily recovered and maintained high catalytic activity after five cycles of use in the system using benzaldehyde and malononitrile as substrates.


We quantize the space of 1/2 BPS configurations of type-IIB SUGRA found by Lin, Lunin and Maldacena (hep-th/0409174), directly in supergravity. We use the Crnkovic-Witten-Zuckerman covariant quantization method to write down the expression for the symplectic structure on this entire space of solutions. We find the symplectic form explicitly around AdS5 × S5 and obtain a U(1) Kac-Moody algebra, in precise agreement with the quantization of a system of N free fermions in a harmonic oscillator potential, as expected from AdS/CFT. As a cross check, we also perform the quantization around AdS5 × S5 by another method, using the known spectrum of physical perturbations around this background and find precise agreement with our previous calculation.


The Andes are a mosaic of productive and unproductive agricultural lands, forest plantations, native forests, moors, slopes, valleys, wetlands, lakes, rivers and streams. Andean farmers depend on these landscapes for a wide variety of services: water, soils, pastures, food, timber, medicines, sports, cultural well-being and spiritual balance. Decades of misuse have seriously affected the ability of many of these landscapes to continue to provide these services, putting peasant families at risk. Rural and environmental development programs carried out by national and international institutions, NGOs and some private companies in the last four decades have helped to reduce the risks of hundreds of thousands of Andean farmers through the promotion and implementation of community and/or family plans of self-improvement environmental management. Motivated by these successes, many local organizations (development corporations, municipalities, NGOs and campesino committees) created their own environmental development programs. However, these programs today face many obstacles, including paternalism, mistrust, community weakening, unproductive and ecologically hostile agricultural and forestry practices, unfair trade procedures, ineffective peasant extension and training programs, gender inequality, harmful infrastructure and mining projects, internal institutional strife, crime and violence. This document is intended for students, young professionals and other future development agents. It teaches them how to overcome these obstacles, concluding that the best way to promote the sustainable management of natural resources in the Andes is through the well-informed and trained leadership of communities of farming families living in the Andean highlands. The best way to promote sustainable management of natural resources in the Andes is by having informed local leadership of the rural communities and farm families that inhabit these highlands. Armed with passionate and innovative staff, national, international and NGO development programs have, over the last four decades, helped many hundreds of thousands of Andean farm families improve their livelihoods while simultaneously protecting the environment. These programs have enhanced ownership and problem solving capabilities of rural communities and farming families through the application of participatory planning and evaluation methodologies aimed at generating equal benefits for both female and male farmers. This approach has proven to be very effective way for improving the livelihoods of rural inhabitants particularly when used to promote a combination of environmentally friendly agriculture, forestry and integrated watershed practices, enhanced through the implementation of landscape conservation schemes and non-wood forest enterprises. Revista de Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña 2 (2017): 51-64


The actions related to Rural Extension in Brazil are guided by the new National Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Policy, based on Agroecology and Sustainability concepts. However, mostly all the time the compromises and changes in practice are directed only to agricultural practices, leaving behind others issues, e.g. the local buildings. As result, there are fill studies in the social, cultural or environmental projects aimed for housing or agricultural buildings. Based on that, this paper aims to raise the discussion about the need to situate the buildings featured in the family unit within the Agroecology and Sustainability context. Methodologically, the development of this discussion came through a theoretical reflection based on agroecological parameters as


may find that although the last of the dosesgiven at short intervals gave no local reaction, say, on December1, the first long intervaldoseon January1 produces an obvious local reaction, and on February 1 the same dose may produce such a large reaction that one is drivenback to giving dosesat short intervals or abandoning treatment till the next July. Fortunately such cases seem fairly rare,but they shouldbe watchedfor and recognized, otherwise serious upset may occur. One patient who had severe seasonalasthma for over twenty years, was apparentlycured by desensitizationto pollens, but when a constantmaintenancedose was given at intervals of more than three weeks, she always had slight asthma for forty-eight hours after the injection,although.verylittle local reaction occurred. The dose was slightly diminished and given at intervals of fourteen days, and no further attackshave followed. Most authortties-'"(3) (4) are enthusiasticover the improved results from this modification, but Unger(5) and Thommen(6) are strongly opposedto intervals of more than fourteen days betweeninjections. Another disadvantageis that the samebatch of pollen extractmust be used throughout the treatment, as different lots of extract may vary widely in potency. It is best to try to estimate how much will be used for the courseand have the reservekept in a refrigerator until it is needed. If one has to changeto a new batch in the middle of a treatment,it is usually necessaryto go back to perhapsone one-hundredth of the dose and work up rapidly to the full dose, judging by local reactionand the patient'sobservations how rapidly to increase.


We are currently designing an object oriented model which describes static and dynamical knowledge in diff{e}rent domains. It provides a twin conceptual level. The internal level proposes: the object structure composed of sub-objects hierarchy, structure evolution with dynamical functions, same type objects comparison with evaluation functions. It uses multiple upward inheritance from sub-objects properties to the Object. The external level describes: object environment, it enforces object types and uses external simple inheritance from the type to the sub-types.


The wide adoption of the Z39.50 protocol from the Libraries exposes their abilities to participate in a distributed environment. In spite of the specification of a unified global access mechanism from the Z39.50 protocol, unsupported Access Points result to query failures and/or inconsistent answers. A challenge to this issue is to substitute an unsupported Access Point with others, so that the most similar semantics to the original Access Point can be obtained. In this paper we present the zSAPN (Z39.50 Semantic Access Point Network), a system which enhance the interoperability of the library search systems, by exploiting the semantics from the Bib-1 Access Point official specification of the Z39.50 information retrieval protocol. zSAPN substitutes each unsupported Access Point with a set of other supported ones, whose appropriate combination would either broaden or narrow the initial semantics, according to the user's choice.


• NASA-Hitachi Space Act Agreement to test MOPS compliance prototype technology utilizing NASA-GRC CNS Test Bed • AeroMACS features and performance specified in MOPS validated through airport environment Field Trials • "Network Entry Time" defined in SARPs(ICAO) verified to be applicable.


Money is an essential element of everyday life. It is required to keep life going. However, the importance of money is not only in having it to meet one's needs but also in the proper management of it. Like any other human endeavour, Christian missionary activities involve cash; one cannot talk about it without mentioning money. Nevertheless, money also poses a potential danger to the missionary enterprise. It is therefore important to pay attention to money-related issues in Christian missions because the approach taken in handling money in Christian missions can either promote the gospel or delay its advancement and distort its shape. This article will consider biblical perspective of money, importance of money in Christian missions, challenges related to money in Christian missions and how to handle money in Christian missions before conclusion is drawn.


SALMON CANNING is the most important of the canned fish industries. In volume and value, the annual pack of canned salmon exceeds the combined total of all other edible fish canned in North America. Fishing for salmon is carried on from Monterey Bay on the California coast northward to the Aleutian Islands, and as far south on the coast of Asia as the Japanese Islands; but for commercial canning purposes, the Columbia River is the farthest south on the coast of North America where salmon are canned in any quantity. Canning activities in Asiatic waters are conducted as far south as the Kamchatka Peninsula. Five species of salmon and the steelhead trout are used for canning purposes. The species of salmon vary considerably in appearance, color of flesh, texture of flesh, oil content and mineral composition, and the trade has resorted to this natural difference in quality among species as its only basis for grading the canned product. From the standpoint of quality, the salmon trade rates the species in the following order: Chinook, Sockeye or Red, Coho (medium red), Pink, and Chum. The above names are recognized by scientists as well as members of the salmon business. The firm of Hapgood, Hume and Company opened the first salmon cannery on the Sacramento River in 1864. This cannery, which packed 96,000 pounds of Chinook salmon during the first year of operation, marked the beginning of an industry which packed approximately 600,000,000 pounds of all species of salmon in 1934. By 1867, the bulk of the salmon canning operations had been shifted to the Columbia River district. This move was caused by shortage of fish in the Sacramento River in comparison to the northern fishing grounds. By 1878, two canneries had been established in Southeastern Alaska; and by 1884 there were four canneries operating in Southeastern Alaska, two in Central Alaska, and one in Western Alaska. During the same period, the Puget Sound and British Columbia fishing areas were coming into use. A shift of relative importance of the various areas in the production of canned salmon occurred simultaneously with the movement of cannery locations. Alaska displaced the Columbia River district as the principal source of supply of canned salmon by 1888, and since that time the upward trend in the salmon pack in the three districts of Alaska has been in direct contrast to the constant level in some areas and a downward movement in others. A careful perusal of the statistics of the canned salmon pack on the Pacific Coast indicates one fact very clearly: The canned salmon industry has repeatedly been forced to move away from civilization in order to find an adequate supply of raw material for successful operation. There has been a definite tendency for the salmon industry to pack Pink, Coho, and Chum salmon in increasing quantities since the beginning of the century. However, the canning of the so-called inferior grades of salmon did not reach a dominant place in the salmon canning business until 1907, when the pack practically equaled the pack of Chinook, Red and Sockeye salmon. By


Pion-nucleon charge-exchange polarization is calculated in various Veneziano representations for $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ scattering. Our results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data for some sets of parameters. It is not possible, however, to resolve the nonuniqueness of the Veneziano representation from this information alone.


The trajectory of the global airline industry is pretty much like that of an aircraft. At times it takes off for the high skies and at times, it dips to ground levels. In between these highs and lows, lies the story of the industry – of its survival, of the new and emerging trends that fuel its growth. The issue of airline delays, as measured by the number of late arrivals as a percent of total operations, has been of increasing importance in recent years as most of the population chooses air travel as a preferred mode of transportation. This study provides the result about the total flight delay for a specific period of time caused due to climate, security, carrier, NAS, Arrival and Departure based on total number of flights getting delayed over the past few years (2006, 2007 and 2008). The historic data which is to be analysed is stored on the databases such as MongoDB and Hive. The usage of time series analysis along with the integration of heterogeneous database helps to achieve the Airline Seasonal Delay which is implemented and visualized in R. The reports are generated by using time series modeling to provide the insights for the aviation industry to take future measures to avoid delays and manage them.


Iron tablet is one of the methods of preventing iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. The consequences of ingestion include nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, epigastric pain, and dark stools. Pregnant women do not continue iron supplementation due to considering the negative effects. This behavior of not continuing to take the iron pills decreases the compliance of pregnant women to iron supplementation. This systematic literature review aims to assess the effect of iron tablets' side effects on the level of compliance to consuming iron tablets in pregnant woman. Four major electronic databases were used to explore a literature search: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. There are fifteen eligible studies that fulfil the inclusion criteria. The PRISMA methodology was used to evaluate articles critically. EPHPP's technique for evaluating the quality of quantitative research was used to evaluate the quality of the kinds of literature (Effective Public Health Practice Project). Systematically, the findings are analyzed and summarized. Two main themes are used to classify the findings. Non-compliance and perceived risk to pregnancy can occur as a result of the first ANC visit at more than 16 weeks and less than 4 ANC visits during pregnancy. This is due to the lack of exposure to information and education from health professionals about iron tablets, the advantages of iron tablets, the side effects of iron tablets, and foods and beverages that could inhibit or accelerate the absorption of iron tablets.


Our society's modalities of communication and hence our cities have been rapidly changed due to emergence of several revolutions most lately the digital one. In fact, recently with emergence of the fluid, responsive, kinetic, data-driven worlds of infoscape and its combination with urban landscape, urban designing faces a radical reshuffling of a number of its principal underpinnings. It seems that once again we as urban designers in order to catch up with the current world's situation need to evolve or in better words to re-ontologize concepts of urban designing for twenty-first century. Therefore; in this paper for better understanding of the main characteristics of current changes we try to identify the effects of new actors on urban structures trough analysis of different evolution phases of our cities. To do so we make a diagram called "Evolutionary Trend" trough which we can trace world's evolution history to help us know where we are and what may happen in coming decades. This "evolutionary trend" can be used as a guideline for urban designers to help them navigate better in future.


Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common condition with significant impact on patient morbidity, mortality and financial resources within the health economy. Diabetic care, like palliative care, is not context bound and operates in a variety of settings. Current national strategies emphasise the importance of clinically led pathways of care, irrespective of setting and provider. Hospice care needs to achieve …


The productivity of common bean crop is limited by several biotic factors, being often affected by plant-parasitic nematodes. Several species of root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp. have been reported as damaging to the crop. Recently, Meloidogyne luci and M. ethiopica were recorded parasitizing roots of common bean plants in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the reproduction of M. ethiopica and M. luci on twenty bean cultivars. Plants were inoculated with 5,000 eggs plus second stage juveniles (J2) of RKN and pots were maintained in a greenhouse. Sixty days after inoculation, the roots of each plant were evaluated for number of galls, final population and reproduction factor (RF = final population / initial population) and the means of the different variables were compared by the Scott and Knott grouping test at 5%. Results showed that all tested cultivars were susceptible to both RKN, with RF ranging from 9,8 to 55,9 for M. ethiopica and from 6.0 to 20.0 for M. luci.


The article describes ethnic entrepreneurship and the economic entities that re¬present it. The authors substantiate the role of the diaspora as a criterion for "breeding" the con-cepts of ethnic entrepreneurship and local business community. The article reveals the methodology for understanding the phenomenon of the local business community, and identifies its general and specific features. There were examined the domestic practice of social interaction between ethnic entrepreneurship and the local business community in the consumer market of the South of Western Siberia in the Tyumen and Omsk regions bordering the Republic of Kazakhstan. The stages of development of the process of inter-action of ethnic business structures with the local business community are analyzed. The article describes the current state of ethnic entrepreneurship in the studied region. The results of sociological research in 2018-2019 in the framework of the scientific community "Social responsibility of business" (Tyumen) are presented. Representatives of municipal authorities of the Tyumen and Omsk regions, the local business community and ethnic entrepreneurship of the region took part in the research. The authors identified behavioral priorities of economic entities and the level of competition between them in each segment of the consumer market in the South of Western Siberia. There are determined competi-tive advantages of the local business community in comparison with ethnic entrepreneur-ship. The article presents results of an expert assessment of the interaction between the local business community and ethnic entrepreneurship, as well as the author's vision of its prospects. The ranking of significance of promising areas of interaction between the local business community and ethnic business structures in the consumer market of the South of Western Siberia is compiled. The social responsibility of ethnic and local businesses is updated, which implies that they make an independent decision to invest their own funds in creating a favorable social environment, in the health, safety and comprehensive devel-opment of regional society