Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare neoplasm accounting for 0.1%. It is of special interest because of its favorable prognosis and unique management approach. Case Presentation: A 42-year-old female presented with a palpable lump in the left breast. Tru-cut biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma ACC form. A breast conserving surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. Histopathology revealed ACC with estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative and HER2-Neu negative type. The multidisciplinary tumor board recommended that neither neoadjuvant nor adjuvant systemic treatment to be offered to this patient. She received adjuvant radiation therapy. In this report, we present a comprehensive review of the literature and discuss the unique characteristics of ACC, its prognosis compared to other triple negative breast cancer subtypes, and the evidence as well as the controversy in different treatment approaches. Keywords: Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, Breast Cancer. Annal Cas Rep Rev: 2020; Issue 8 Page: 1|7 Citation: Al Duhileb M, Alazhri J, Mashhour M, Ahmed Alwbari (2020) A Triple Negative Breast Cancer That Does Not Require Chemotherapy: A Case Report of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast. Annal Cas Rep Rev: ACRR-145. Incidence: 0.1% of all breast cancers Age: 30-90 (most common in 5th and 6th decade) Most common presentation: painful mass in the retroareolar region of the breast Ultrasonography: hypoechoic solid lesion or heterogeneous appearance Mammography: benign-appearing, lobulated mass or irregular mass or asymmetric developing density Axillary involvement: rare (0.8% to 2%) Distant metastases: rare (most commonly in the lungs) Hormone receptors: ER (-), PR (-), HER2-Neu (-) Surgical treatment:
 Simple mastectomy
 Lumpectomy + postoperative radiotherapy Modified radical mastectomy Radiotherapy: after breast-conserving surgery Chemotherapy: controversial Hormonotherapy: limited (triple negative in most cases) Overall survival: 5 years: 88% to 98% 10 years: 86% to 95%


Fully rational agents are allowed to optimize over expectations formation technologies in an environment where it is costly to collect and process information. It is shown in a general equilibrium framework that optimization over expectations by rational and forward-oriented agents can lead to endogenous instability. Specifically, we illustrate that resulting equilibria can be both chaotic and self-consistent with the distribution of agents' expected forecasting errors coinciding with the actual errors implied by the endogenous dynamic process. Moreover, we show that the equilibrium dynamics, while being purely deterministic, need not be distinguishable from stochastic dynamics to an outside rational observer.


Terminology and symbols of quantities in chemical engineering are discussed in a systematic manner and on the basis of four quantities of substance (volume, mass, amount, number)


Objective To investigate the effects of blockade on non-peptide specific SDF-1/CXCR4 receptor ligand system with AMD3100 on the proliferation and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer cells AsPC-1. Methods AsPC-1 was divided into control group, SDF-1α group, group, SDF-1α + AMD3100 group. MTT test was performed to determine the proliferative level of AsPC-1 cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected with Western blotting assay. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the microvessel density (MVD) in subcutaneous xenografts of AsPC 1 of nude mice model, which was intratumorally and peritumorally injected with AMD3100. Results SDF-1α could induce the proliferation of AsPC-1(1.430 ±0. 122 vs 1. 002 ± 0. 001, P <0. 05). While the proliferative effect induced by SDF-1α could be inhibited by AMD3100 (0.983 ±0. 068vs 1.430 ± 0. 122, P <0.05). SDF-1α could induce the expression of VEGF (0. 565 ± 0. 047 vs 0. 439 ± 0.034, P < 0.05). While the protein expression of VEGF induced by SDF-1α on AsPC-1 cells was inhibited by AMD3100 (0. 450 ± 0. 071 vs 0. 565 ± 0. 04, P <0. 05). The growth and angiogenesis of subcutaneous xenografts of nude mice model were inhibited by AMD3100; the tumor inhibitory rate was 59. 5% at 24th day. The MVD of xenografts was significantly decreased (28.56 ± 6.94 vs 98.75 ± 20. 60, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions AMD3100 could inhibit the proliferation and angiogenesis of AsPC-1 cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms; AMD3100; Cell proliferation; Angiogenesis


A facile and novel template synthesis of flexible disilamacrocyclic compounds via a ring-closing metathesis coupling was achieved. The structures of the macrocycles were determined by X-ray crystal...


The term "phyto" means plant "some" means cell-like. Most of the phytopharmaceutical, which contains bioactive phytoconstituents, but due to less lipophilicity the active constituents are poorly absorbed resulting in less bioavailability. The effectiveness of any herbal medication is dependent on the delivery of the sufficient level of the therapeutically active compound. Phytosomes are one the novel drug delivery system containing hydrophilic bioactive phytoconstituents of herbs surrounded by the outer lipophilic layer, which shows better absorption, hence produces bioavailability. The current review focus on necessary information, preparation, characterization, patented technologies, commercial products in the market and applications of phytosomes for novel delivery of herbal drugs.


A female, age 23, suffering from mitral stenosis and insufficiency of rheumatic etiology, predisposed to spontaneous attacks of auricular paroxysmal tachycardia lasting five to six hours, was observed during two of these spontaneous paroxysms. The injection of adrenalin chloride (1:1000) in a dose of 1 cc. and repeated again in 15 minutes, never failed, whenever she was not previously subjected to the influence of other drugs, to induce a paroxysm of tachycardia, following approximately 15 minutes after the second injection of adrenalin. These induced attacks of tachycardia were indistinguishable from the spontaneous paroxysms in symptoms, rate, duration and electrocardiography. The inference, therefore, is justifiable that the focus or area of origin of the tachycardias must have been identical in both spontaneous and induced paroxysms. This was repeated four times, and in all the result was the same. When four milligrams of atropin (a vagal paralyzing dose) were administered hypodermically before the exhibition of the adrenalin, a paroxysm of tachycardia failed to appear. This procedure was performed twice. Atropin, therefore, is not a drug which will induce a paroxysm of auricular tachycardia. It seems that the presence of the reflex vagal stimulation induced by adrenalin was a necessary factor in the induction of the paroxysms, and since spontaneous and induced attacks were alike in every respect, it suggests the vagus as a factor in the induction of the spontaneous paroxysms. These findings are in harmony with those of Lewis 1 and in opposition to those of Galli 2 and others on the subject, to wit "that tachycardia1 attacks can be provoked in man by atropin, and that withdrawal of vagal influence predisposes to paroxysms of tachycardia."


As China's largest FPSO readied to set sail for the country's biggest offshore oil discovery in Bohai Bay, Terry Knott was invited to join the project's construction team in Singapore for this exclusive OE report on Hai Yang Shi You 117 one of the most complex floating production facilities in the world.


The fundamental importance of water to human, animal and plant existence cannot be over-emphasised. However, the depletion of the quantum of potable water due to pollution has been an intractable problem especially for the developing nations of which Nigeria is one. The worst hit in this aspect has been groundwater. Most of the legislation on water protection in Nigeria does not contemplate protection of groundwater. Thus, in Nigeria, there is a dearth of comprehensive, specific statutes on groundwater pollution. This situation becomes ominous considering the fact that water is not regenerative, hence, any environmental damage to it, especially to groundwater, could be devastating and difficult to reverse or repair. Moreover, due to the nature of groundwater, its pollution takes time to discover and may be quite expensive to treat. The authors examine the problems of groundwater resources, its pollution and the state of the law in Nigeria. In conclusion, certain recommendations are proffered.


e15137Background: APC and CTNNB1 mutations (mut) lead to an aberrant activation of the WNT pathway which has been linked to lack of benefit of immunotherapy in patients (pts) with lung cancer. Our ...


The Internet law can be defined as a legal science to deal with various legal affairs arising from the Internet. It covers such issues as...


We aimed to investigate myocardial performance using pressure‐strain loops in hypertensive patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross‐sectional study included 165 subjects (55 controls, 60 hypertensive patients without DM, and 50 hypertensive patients with DM) who underwent complete two‐dimensional echocardiographic examination (2DE) including two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography. Pressure‐strain curve was used to determine global myocardial work index, constructive work, wasted work, and work efficiency in all study participants. Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal and circumferential strains gradually reduced from controls throughout hypertensive subjects to patients with DM and hypertension. Global myocardial work index gradually increased from controls, throughout hypertensive patients to subjects with hypertension and DM (1887 ± 289 vs 2073 ± 311 vs 2144 ± 345 mm Hg%, P = .001). Constructive work increased in the same direction (2040 ± 319 vs 2197 ± 344 vs 2355 ± 379 mm Hg%, P < .001). Work efficiency and wasted work did not differ between three observed groups. Glycosylated hemoglobin and systolic blood pressure were associated with global myocardial work and constructive work independently of age, body mass index, LV structural and functional parameters in all hypertensive participants. In conclusion, pressure‐strain curve showed that myocardial work was significantly affected by hypertension and diabetes. Diabetes demonstrated an additional negative effect on myocardial work in hypertensive patients.


The virtual cinema tries to find the old aspirations to get the essential theatrical condition: to live an experience that the actors fight with differents situations in this time. In the 1950s were differents experiments cinema like the first 3D Films or the smell-vision trying to get a new


The invention discloses a method which once cuts a plurality of thin silicon leaves in radial direction by a multi-line cutting machine, comprising the following steps of 1) a lead washer and the thin silicon leaves to be cut are alternatively and densely piled to form an integrated workpiece which is then attached to a colophony bar; 2) the bonded integrated workpiece is fixed on the multi-line cutting machine; the cutting line aligns the gap between adjacent lead washers and the silicon leaves to be cut are cut into two parts along the gap. Two sides of the lead washer are provided with lead steps with the profile in H-shape. By adopting the lead washers, the invention changes the situation that a multi-line cutting machine can only cut longer ingot in radial direction and can not cut thin silicon leaves along radial direction. In the production process of silicon polishing leaves with heavy mixed diffusion layers, the electric consumption of each leaf can be reduced by about 50% by adopting the method of the invention.


The aim of this paper is to provide a panoramic view of laws and policies on abortion around the world, giving a range of country-based examples. It shows that the plethora of convoluted laws and restrictions surrounding abortion do not make any legal or public health sense. What makes abortion safe is simple and irrefutable—when it is available on the woman's request and is universally affordable and accessible. From this perspective, few existing laws are fit for purpose. However, the road to law reform is long and difficult. In order to achieve the right to safe abortion, advocates will need to study the political, health system, legal, juridical, and socio-cultural realities surrounding existing law and policy in their countries, and decide what kind of law they want (if any). The biggest challenge is to determine what is possible to achieve, build a critical mass of support, and work together with legal experts, parliamentarians, health professionals, and women themselves to change the law—so that everyone with an unwanted pregnancy who seeks an abortion can have it, as early as possible and as late as necessary. Marge Berer is international coordinator of the International Campaign for Women's Right to Safe Abortion, London, UK, and was the editor of Reproductive Health Matters, which she founded, from 1993 to 2015. Please address correspondence to Marge Berer. Email: email@example.com. Competing interests: None declared. Copyright © 2017 Berer. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Health and Human Rights Journal HHr HHR_final_logo_alone.indd 1 10/19/15 10:53 AM m. berer / Discussion, ABORTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS, 13-27 14 J U N E 2 0 1 7 V O L U M E 1 9 N U M B E R 1 Health and Human Rights Journal Toward a definition of decriminalization of abortion In simple terms, the decriminalization of abortion means removing specific criminal sanctions against abortion from the law, and changing the law and related policies and regulations to achieve the following: • not punishing anyone for providing safe abortion, • not punishing anyone for having an abortion, • not involving the police in investigating or prosecuting safe abortion provision or practice, • not involving the courts in deciding whether to allow an abortion, and • treating abortion like every other form of health care—that is, using best practice in service delivery, the training of providers, and the development and application of evidence-based guidelines, and applying existing law to deal with any dangerous or negligent practices.


Background: High risk older patients needing surgery for aortic valve stenosis may benefit from low-impact procedures. Suture less prostheses allow a more expedite procedure and might induce better clinical results. Aim of this study was to compare early and short-term clinical performance of Livanova Perceval in a frail patient's population.
Methods: From May 2012 to January 2014 twenty one patients (mean age 80.6 ± 4.3 years), received a Sorin Perceval STM (Group 1). Forty three patients treated with conventional AVR were selected as a control group (mean age 79.1 ± 3.3 years) (Group 2). The mean Logistic Euro score was 15.5% ± 7.3 in Group 1 and 14.7% ± 6.1 in Group 2; 14 patients (66%) of Group 1 and 26 patients (60%) of Group 2 were in NYHA functional class III/IV.
Results: The observed 30 days mortality rate was zero in Group 1 and 9% in Group 2 (p ns). The mean cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass time were significantly lower in Group 1 for isolated AVR (31.3 ± 4.6 vs. 45.6 ± 10.3 minutes p<0.0001 and 45.2 ± 6.6 vs. 59.1 ± 10.6 p<0.0001). In Group 1 there was no evidence of paraprosthesis leak, myocardial infarction or acute kidney injury and the postoperative hospital stay was 7.2 ± 2.4 days. The need of pacemaker implantation was significantly higher in Group 1. At 24 months follow up, the overall survival was 89.1 ± 11% in Group 1 vs. 83.6 ± 16.4% in Group 2 (pns) and freedom from adverse events was 84 ± 16% in Group 1 vs. 65.2 ± 34.8% in Group 2 (pns).
Conclusions: The Livanova Perceval bioprosthesis seems to be an excellent option for elderly patients needing aortic valve replacement at increased risk for surgery. The incidence of early AV block represents the only relevant drawback of this device.


Seventeen years of phytoplankton data from the eastern basin of the central North Pacific near 28"N, 155"W indicate that winter mixing is often deep enough to mix species from the deep phytoplankton association to the surface and that this mixing stimulates growth of these species. The frequency of deep winter mixing may be sufficient to have allowed the deep-living species to evolve a strategy of enhanced growth during a short winter, enabling them to survive a prolonged summer of restricted growth. In contrast, winter mixing may be unfavorable for the shallow flora, most species of which declined in abundance during winter. These seasonal cycles of shallow and deep-living species are independent. Hence, studies which consider only phytoplankton integrated through the euphotic zone may fail to detect pattern. In epipelagic environments of higher latitudes, the annual cycles of light, temperature, and wind are critical forcing parameters for planktonic communities. During winter, the cooling of surface waters and increased winddriven mixing bring new nutrients into the euphotic zone. After the onset of summer stratification, when phytoplankton are retained in the illuminated surface waters, these new nutrients support rapid production, often accompanied by rapid accumulation of phytoplankton biomass. This spring bloom influences not only productivity and standing stock of the ecosystem but also species composition and diversity. Seasonality is progressively damped at lower latitudes (Blackburn 198 1). The most extensive data from the central ocean basins are from the Sargasso Sea, especially from sites near Bermuda. Here, the winter mixed layer (isothermal layer) reaches an average depth of 140 m in February-March (Deuser 1987). However, there is considerable interannual variability (Jenkins and Goldman 1985), and Acknowledgments Through the years, many people have participated in the central Pacific study and have contributed directly or indirectly to this paper. Early studies with Richard Eppley and John McGowan gave rise to precursors of the model presented here, even as those observations led us to discount scasonality as an important factor. In the beginning, Arnold Mantyla postulated a seasonal cycle in the central Pacific based upon his knowledge of events in the outer


• progress in understanding the infill of the basin during the postrift phase; • better timing of the main Late Miocene through Quaternary stratigraphic horizons; • availability of seismic data to map basin-scale stratigraphic architecture and • lithological logs from a number of deep wells for reliable decompaction. A systematic investigation of the western Pannonian basin (Transdanubia) has resulted in new subsidence history diagrams and maps of the late-stage deformations. It has been found that the rate of tectonic subsidence during the 11 Ma to 6 Ma time interval was very high (up to 600-800 m/my), which cannot be explained by simple thermal cooling. This period of fast subsidence was followed by uplift and basin-scale folding with amplitude up to 1000 m from about 6 Ma to the present. We show that the synforms are usually associated with the former depocenters and generated largely by compaction of the underlying sediments. Horizontal movements during the same time interval are dominantly ENE-WSW directed sinistral strike slips and the related shear features. Although these strike-slip zones are spectacular features in seismic cross-sections, the slip rates never exceeded 1 mm/y. Geodynamics of the Pannonian basin has been controlled by rollback of the Carpathian slab and the stress field generated by the movement of the Adriatic plate. Early postrift rapid subsidence and the subsequent large scale uplift call for a dynamic influence from the mantle flow system generated by the rollback of the Carpathian slab. Strike-slip fault activity in the basin is obviously the consequence of the stress field induced by the rotation and push of the Adriatic plate.


The physiological and biochemistry indices of Syringa oblate,Caranana microphylla,Spiraea ussuriensis sprayed four contents of different plant growth regulators including ascorbic acid,salicylic acid and paclobutrazol in the course of seedling were measured by means of the simulated pot experiments.Index of drought resistance(IDR)and some statistical methods were used in the study on comprehensive evaluation of all the seedlings'drought resistance.The results showed that the three kinds of plant growth regulators could obviously increase the abilities of drought resistance of all the shrub seedlings by different ways.The most suitable treatment was suggested as followed: 11.50mmol/L ascorbic acid for Syringa oblate,8.50mmol/L ascorbic acid for Caranana microphylla and 0.07mmol/L salicylic acid for Spiraea ussuriensis.


Objective
To observe the alterations of vascular density of superficial or deep retinal vascular plexus and the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) eyes.

Methods
This is a retrospective study including 22 patients with unilateral CSC in acute stages. The patients were divided into group A (22 affected eyes) and B (22 fellow eyes). Twenty eyes of 20 age and gendermatched healthy volunteers (group C) were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography examinations. The observation index included signal intensity of blood flow in choroidal capillary, vessel density and FAZ on the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP).

Results
The FAZ on DCP in group A was larger than that in group B and C (t=4.28, 5.57; P=0.00、0.00), but there was no significant difference of FAZ on SCP among 3 groups (t=0.28, 0.80; P=0.78, 0.43). The vessel density of SCP and DCP in group A and B were decreased than those in group C (t=−4.40, −2.91; P=0.00, 0.00). The type of choroidal capillaries dilation had two different manifestations by OCTA, which was circumscribed in 12 eyes and diffuse in 10 eyes. The subretinal fluid in macular area which presented dark chamber with weak reflection was observed by en-face OCT.

Conclusions
The vessel density of SCP and DCP in both eyes of acute CSC are lower than those in normal eyes. The FAZ of DCP in affected eyes of acute CSC is larger than that in fellow eyes and normal eyes. The blood flow of dilated choroidal capillary can be manifested as different morphological enhancements.

Key words:
Central serous chorioretinopathy; Tomography, optical coherence; Diagnostic imaging


Let C be a Z 2 Z 4 -additive code of length n > 3. We prove that if the binary Gray image of C is a 1-perfect nonlinear code, then C cannot be a Z 2 Z 4 -cyclic code except for one case of length n = 15. Moreover, we give a parity check matrix for this cyclic code. Adding an even parity check coordinate to a Z 2 Z 4 -additive 1-perfect code gives a Z 2 Z 4 -additive extended 1-perfect code. We also prove that such a code cannot be Z 2 Z 4 -cyclic.


Abstract Objectives Cold forceps polypectomy (CFP) is an effective treatment for diminutive colorectal polyps. However, polyps occasionally recur, and there is no consensus on their long-term clinical management. Therefore, we investigated the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of re-CFP for recurrent diminutive colorectal polyps. Materials and methods This was a follow-up of a multicenter, prospective study investigating the clinical outcomes of diminutive colorectal polyps excised by CFP with narrowband imaging-enhanced endoscopy and jumbo forceps. We evaluated short-term outcomes of re-CFP and patients at 1-year follow-up post re-CFP for recurrent colorectal polyps to determine long-term recurrence rates. Additionally, complete resection rates, clinicopathological features, number of forceps bites, and rate of short-term adverse events managed by re-CFP were evaluated. Results At 1-year follow-up, local recurrence was identified in 18 patients from the original study. The mean size of local recurrent polyps was 1.5 ± 0.6 mm, and all recurrent lesions were < 3 mm. Re-CFP could successfully excise locally recurrent polyps in all cases. All recurrent lesions were low-grade adenomas; no adverse events were reported. Additionally, 16 of 18 patients were evaluated endoscopically at 2-year follow-up; no recurrence was observed. Conclusions Recurrent lesions following initial CFP were small and pathologically benign, and re-CFP was an effective treatment.


Electrically conductive polymer-based nanocomposites have displayed excellent performances when applied as strain sensors for bodily monitoring. Among the most common forms of these systems is the mixed-phased nanocomposite. Through a simple model that combines electromechanical and percolation theory, it is reported here that in comparative systems, two-dimensional nanofillers exhibit a larger electromechanical response than their one-dimensional counterparts. For both nanofiller types, the electromechanical response was found to increase greatly with the aspect ratio and when shifting from an isotropic to anisotropic system. Furthermore, nanocomposites with bulk dimensions intrinsically outperform thinner systems theorized to be based on ink-printing production methods.


"Spatial updating" refers to the process that automatically updates our egocentric mental representation of our immediate surround during self-motions, which is essential for quick and robust spatial orientation. To investigate the relative contribution of visual and vestibular cues to spatial updating, two experiments were performed in a high-end Virtual Reality system. Participants were seated on a motion platform and saw either the surrounding room or a photorealistic virtual model presented via head-mounted display or projection screen. After upright rotations, participants had to point "as accurately and quickly as possibl " to previously learned targets that were outside of the current field of view (FOV). Spatial updating performance, quantified as response time, configuration error, and pointing error, was comparable in the real and virtual reality conditions when the FOV was matched. Two further results challenge the prevailing basic assumptions about spatial updating: First, automatic, reflexlike spatial updating occurred without any physical motion, i.e., visual information from a known scene alone can, indeed, be sufficient, especially for large FOVs. Second, continuous-motion information is not, in fact, mandatory for spatial updating---merely presenting static images of new orientations proved sufficient, which motivated our distinction between continuous and instant-based spatial updating.


Summary Coxsackie A-21 virus (strain 48560) lost the capacity to agglutinate human erythrocytes after passage in KB or HeLa cell cultures. Hemagglutinin could be retained by passage at high dilution in such cells. By adsorption onto erythrocytes it was possible to separate distinct hemagglutinating (HA+) and non-hemagglutinating (HA-) particles. It was found that malignant cells favored multiplication of the HA- particles, whereas primary human embryonic epithelial cells and semi-continuous diploid human embryonic fibroblastic cells favored growth of the HA+ particles.


In this paper,the current periodic inspection regulation system for pressure vessel and pressure piping in China is briefly introduced,comparing to related API standards and codes and RPs.To meet the requirements of harmonizing economic and safety,harmonizing universality and particularity,technology developing,changing inspection concept,the thinking on improving of the periodic inspection regulation system for pressure vessel and pressure piping in China is promoted,that is establishing the inspection regulation system for unit or special pressure vessels,including risk assessing,fitness for service and online inspection,while continuing to use the current periodic inspection regulation system for common pressure vessels and pressure piping.


Objective
To determine the association between site and size of perforation of the tympanic membrane and the level of conductive hearing.

METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 to October 2016 at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi and comprised patients with tympanic membrane perforation without any other middle-ear disease. Karl-Storz Rigid Endoscope attached to a camera was used to take pictures of the tympanic membrane. Site of the perforation was determined using a vertical line to divide the membrane into two anterior and posterior halves. Size of the perforation was calculated as a percentage of the total membrane using Image J software. Data analysis was done using Stata 12.

RESULTS
Of the 55 patients, 29(53%) were males and 26(47%) were females. The overall mean age was 33+/-15 years. With every 5% increase in the size of perforation, the hearing loss increased by 1 decibel. A difference of 5.5 decibels was noted between anterior and posterior perforations of similar size.

Conclusion
Hearing loss increased with increase in the size of perforation.


The National Mental Health Survey of India reported a higher prevalence and treatment gap of psychiatric disorders among the general population. Task shifting is one of the important solutions to meet this requirement. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among primary care is about 30%–50%. Digitally driven primary care psychiatry program (PCPP) designed to innovate different module to upscale the skills of primary care doctors (PCDs) in live consultation of PCDs in their general patients. To exponential coverage of PCDs, Karnataka Telemedicine Mentoring and Monitoring (KTM) Program is been implemented across all districts of Karnataka. It is the training of trainer version of PCPP where psychiatrists serving in District Mental Health Program of all districts of Karnataka become trainers to implement of two digital modules (Telepsychiatric On-Consultation Training and Collaborative Video Consultations) of PCPP with the target to train all PCDs of Karnataka. This paper aims to provide a glimpse of this innovative KTM program and current progress with a preliminary analysis of translational quotient indicating skill transfer and retention.


The advent of positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography (CT) now enables us to detect metabolically active gynecologic cancers with greater accuracy.Fuorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET has been used in differentiation of malignant from benign lymph nodes and residual or recurrent cancers from post-treatment changes.PET/CT supply additional information for the diagnosis and tissue biopsy as well as radiotherapy planning.This paper reviewed the principle and clinical utility of PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis,staging,recurrence,therapeutic response as well as prognosis of gynecologic cancers.


Background Cigarette smoke induces an acute but persisting inflammation in peripheral blood and airway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and CD8+ Tc‐lymphocytes are considered as a key role in this process. We aimed to investigate the Tc‐lymphocytes immunodeviation in system and local airway of COPD patients and changes of the immunodeviation after short‐term smoking cessation. Methods Peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected from 42 patients (14 COPD patients, 16 smokers with normal lung function and 12 nonsmokers), while PB and induced sputum (IS) were obtained from other 19 patients (10 quitting smokers and 9 continuing smokers) at baseline and follow‐up respectively of 4‐week smoking cessation. Percentages of CD8+ Tc‐lymphocytes (%CD3+) and Tc1/Tc2 ratios were measured by flow cytometry. Results Percentages of CD8+ Tc‐lymphocytes were higher in COPD patients than those in smokers and nonsmokers in both PB and BALF. Tc1/Tc2 ratio in PB and in BALF from COPD patients was greater than that from smokers and nonsmokers and negatively correlated with FEV1 %pre. When comparing the ratios between PB and BALF, significantly positive correlation was found in COPD patients. Furthermore, after 4‐week smoking cessation, percentages of CD8+ Tc‐lymphocytes in PB and IS in quitting smokers were decreased compared to that in baseline and continuing smokers, whereas Tc1/Tc2 ratios were not influenced. Conclusions CD8+ Tc1‐trend immunodeviation profiles occurred in both system and local airway of COPD patients. This exceptional immunodeviation could not be relieved by short‐term smoking cessation.


The article is an attempt to present the emerging changes in the organization: a new look at the role of employee, perception of the importance of effective communication, use the modern methods of communication. The development organization is always along and a multi-stage process, what makes that managers are looking for new solutions to achieve market leadership. Presentation of the emerging trends in management and the need to change organizational culture, will be held by bringing specific characteristics and fields of application of modern Synthetron method. Used in many international organizations to management personnel and bottom-up flow information. This article is based on the author's master's thesis: "Effective internal communication in the organization. Analysis of the application of Synthetron method", marketing materials to promote the method and based on experience from participating in the discussions both as a participant, as well as its moderator.


Metadata vocabularies are used in various domains of study. It provides an in-depth description of the resources. In this work, we develop algorithm metadata vocabulary (AMV), a vocabulary for capturing and storing the metadata about the algorithms (a procedure or a set of rules that is followed step-by-step to solve a problem, especially by a computer). The snag faced by the researchers in the current time is the failure of getting relevant results when searching for algorithms in any search engine. The designed vocabulary can be used by the algorithm repository developers, managers, and application developers. Besides, AMV is represented as a semantic model and produced OWL file, and it can be directly used by anyone interested to create and publish algorithm metadata as a knowledge graph, or to provide metadata service through the SPARQL endpoint. To design the vocabulary, we propose a well-defined methodology, which considers factual issues faced by the algorithm users and the practitioners. The evaluation shows promising results.


A discussion of how homoplasy (the frequency of independently evolved characters) and the spacing of cladogenetic events limit our ability to reconstruct the tree of life using existing phylogenetic methods.


We prove that every finitely generated solvable minimax group can be realized as a quotient of a torsion-free solvable minimax group. This result has an application to the investigation of random walks on finitely generated solvable minimax groups. Our methods also allow us to completely characterize the solvable minimax groups that are homomorphic images of torsion-free solvable minimax groups.


In the past ten years, in paddy rice systems in southern China, the co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch (MV) and rice straw (RS) has become a new and effective practice in which the advantages of the two species are combined to improve rice yields. However, more studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which rice productivity is improved through this practice. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of different residue management treatments on rice productivity and soil properties. Five treatments were tested: (i) CK (no residue and no chemical fertilizer); (ii) CF (chemical fertilizer); (iii) FM (CF with MV returning); (iv) FR (CF with RS returning); and (v) FMR (CF with a mixture of MV and RS returning). The results showed that the application of MV and/or RS returning improved grain yields by between 13.7% and 31.5%, compared with CF treatment alone. In addition, the application of MV significantly improved rice yield relative to RS returning. However, co-incorporation of MV and RS resulted in the highest yield productivity of all. FMR treatment significantly increased shoot biomass and shoot N, P, and K uptake, compared with FR treatment, at all three growth stages, and compared with FM treatment at the jointing and maturity stages. Moreover, FMR treatment significantly improved grain N, P, and K uptake, relative to FM and FR treatments. These results clearly demonstrated that co-incorporation management promotes nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient uptake at jointing and maturity stages of the rice growth process, compared to application of single residues alone, resulting in higher rice yields. Because incorporation of MV and/or RS increases the available nutrients in the soil and enhances nutrient uptake by the crop, wide-scale adoption of the co-incorporation of residues would significantly increase rice yields and improve soil fertility.


Freshly harvested green onions (Allium cepa L.) were trimmed and cut 20 cm of total lenght and three different cutting treatments were done at the root base and also onions in all treatments immersed 46.5°C water for 2 minutes. Heat treatment was not effect inner leaf extension of onions in all cut type group. But cutting of onions 2 mm below stem plate increased inner leaf extension compared with onions have stem plate. Total leaf extension growth (TLEG) of onion increased during storage especially in onions had root parts and stem plate. Heat treatment, however, reduced TLEG of fresh cut green onions. Furthermore L* value of onions in C5 treatment was maintain by heat application. In onions had no stem plate both heat treated and non-treated was the high. The green color maintained best in onions had root parts and stem plate. The electrolyte leakage (EL) rate of onions was effected both cut typescand heat treatment. EL of onions was increased by heat treatment in all cut type.


Introduction: Obesity leads to high cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. Obese individuals can develop obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) characterized by daytime hypercapnia in the absence of alternative underlying causes. OHS leads to daytime sleepiness, cardiovascular complications, and cyanosis. There is no effective pharmacotherapy for OHS. Leptin, an adipose-produced hormone, improves breathing in OHS, but obese individuals and rodents are resistant to the beneficial effects of leptin. The melanocortin axis is a downstream target of leptin but effects of this axis on control of breathing are poorly studied. Setmelanotide is an FDA-approved drug for weight loss that specifically binds to the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). We have previously demonstrated that C57BL/6J mice with diet induced obesity (DIO) hypoventilate during sleep and exhibit all features of OHS. We hypothesized that the activation of MC4R by setmelanotide augments the control of breathing during sleep in DIO mice. Methods: We performed a proof-of-concept single dose randomized trial of intraperitoneal setmelanotide (1.0 mg/kg) vs vehicle in DIO C57BL/6J mice using a cross-over design. The injections were followed by sleep studies, and measurements of the hypercapnic ventilatory response, oxygen consumption (VO2), and carbon dioxide production (VCO2). Results: Activation of MC4R by setmelanotide increased inspiratory flow, respiratory rate, and minute ventilation during NREM and REM sleep compared to vehicle. Activation of MC4R by setmelanotide increased the hypercapnic ventilatory response. Setmelanotide also increased VCO2, and VO2, but the ventilation was increased out of proportion to the upregulation of metabolism, which was evident from increases in the VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2 ratios. Conclusion: Activation of MC4R by setmelanotide relieved hypoventilation during sleep and increased the hypercapnic ventilatory response in obese mice. Our study identified MC4 as a promising therapeutic target in OHS. NIH (R01 HL128970, R01 HL133100, and R01 HL138932), AHA (#915167). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


Feedback in foreign policy occurs when a state's foreign policy affects the international context of that state and those changes in context subsequently impact on the state's future foreign policy decisions. In this way, feedback loops can develop, which may become self-reinforcing and in which foreign policy and international context continuously affect each other. Even though such processes are ubiquitous especially in a globalized world, they have hitherto received little systematic attention. We introduce cybernetics as a perspective that puts such feedback effects at the centre of attention and provides an accessible sequential framework for analysing them. Such a cybernetic analysis not only demonstrates the significance of feedback processes in foreign policies but also speaks to several recent debates in international relations theory and foreign policy analysis. In particular, it highlights processes of learning and change, of non-linearity and indeterminacy, and enables the researcher to integrate insights from structure- and agency-based approaches. We outline the merits of a cybernetic analysis by discussing the effects of feedback in the United States' War on Terror.


Sodium monofluorophosphate has great application importance on toothpaste,food,medical,corrosion inhibitor and so on,which are summarized in this paper.Problems existed in sodium monofluorophosphate utilization are analysied and development proposals are given.


The freshwater gastropod Clea helena has recently been targeted by the freshwater ornamental industry due to its predation abilities on other snail species. This work describes for the first time some life history traits of this species, including reproduction, growth and development under laboratory conditions. Additionally, appropriate stocking densities were studied in order to assess the production viability of healthy snails in close-circuits systems. The species is dioecious and breeds under laboratory conditions but fertility rates presented were low. Hatching occur 52 ± 6 days after oviposition, at 25.0°C. Development is direct and juveniles hatch at shell length SL=3.1 ± 0.3mm (n=20) and resemble the adults in shell shape and color. Growth rates during a maximum period of 60 days were compared between snails fed on three different diets and results showed they were influenced by the different diets treatments (P<0.05). Growth performance experiments at three stocking densities (5, 10, 20 snails/L) with three replicates per treatment were also performed. During the first month, individuals stocked at 5 snails/L had significantly faster growth rates than those stocked at 20 snails/L. No significant growth responses were found during the second month among all densities and overall growth rates for this experiment also revealed no density dependent growth responses.


We present a detailed spectroscopic study of 93 solar-type stars that are targets of the NASA/Kepler mission and provide detailed chemical composition of each target. We find that the overall metallicity is well-represented by Fe lines. Relative abundances of light elements (CNO) and alpha-elements are generally higher for low-metallicity stars. Our spectroscopic analysis benefits from the accurately measured surface gravity from the asteroseismic analysis of the Kepler light curves. The log g parameter is known to better than 0.03 dex and is held fixed in the analysis. We compare our Teff determination with a recent colour calibration of V-K (TYCHO V magnitude minus 2MASS Ks magnitude) and find very good agreement and a scatter of only 80 K, showing that for other nearby Kepler targets this index can be used. The asteroseismic log g values agree very well with the classical determination using Fe1-Fe2 balance, although we find a small systematic offset of 0.08 dex (asteroseismic log g values are lower). The abundance patterns of metals, alpha elements, and the light elements (CNO) show that a simple scaling by [Fe/H] is adequate to represent the metallicity of the stars, except for the stars with metallicity below -0.3, where alpha-enhancement becomes important. However, this is only important for a very small fraction of the Kepler sample. We therefore recommend that a simple scaling with [Fe/H] be employed in the asteroseismic analyses of large ensembles of solar-type stars.


Abstract This paper discusses how lognormal, Gumbel and log-Pearson type 3 distributions were eliminated as candidates for modelling at-site annual maximum discharge series in Bangladesh. Among candidate distributions, the generalized extreme value distribution best represented the statistical characteristics of observed data. Comparisons of distributions were based upon the root mean square deviation in fit, the probability plot correlation coefficient and L-moment ratio diagrams. The last method assesses whether a candidate distribution is capable of simulating the site-to-site variation in statistical characteristics that is present in observed flood samples.


The direct sowing culture of rice with recycled-paper mulch is practiced by spreading recycled paper (t owhich rice seeds are attached) on the surface of puddled soil. This cultural practice would eliminate the application of herbicides. Furthermore, it is labor saving in comparison with transplanting. This study objects to characterizing the crop establishment, lodging occurrence, and weed infestation in direct sowing with recydcled-paper mulch (hill and drill sowing) in comparison with broadcast direct sowing and transplanting. Broadcast direct sowing was practiced with or without seed-coating with oxygen release chemical (major ingredient calcium peroxide). Transplanting was done with and without use of recycled-paper mulch. Cultivars Koshihikari, a popular high-grain quality rice susceptible to lodging, and Dontokoi, a high-grain quality with resistance to lodging, were used. Herbicides were applied for broadcast sowing and transplanting where no recycled-paper mulch was used. Five experiments were conducted during 1997 and 1998, and we used netting to protect the seeds and seedlings from bird attack. The crop establishment was better in the following order: direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (hill), broadcast sowing with coated seeds, and broadcast sowing with noncoated seeds. The crop establishment in direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (drill) was similar to that in broadcast sowing with noncoated seeds. The lodging occurred less in the following order: transplanting, direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (hill), and direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (drill). We detected no significant difference in weed infestation between the cultural methods employed in the present study. No herbicide application and hand weeding would be required in direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (hill and drill). The grain yield of direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch was as much as, or a little less than, that of transplanting.


Purpose: A significant positive correlation between the Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination (PANCE) and the PAEA Physician Assistant Clinical Knowledge Rating and Assessment Tool (PACKRAT) has been found in previous studies. This study's goal was to improve prediction of PANCE failure using other predictive measures, alone and in combination, with the PACKRAT. Methods: Correlation and discriminate and regression analyses were conducted on 3 years of data (2007–2009) collected from Chatham University PA Studies graduates, with convergent results. Results: Significant positive correlations between the PANCE and each of the assessment measures were found (in order of significance): (1) the PACKRAT exam; (2) a summative multiple choice question exam given near the end of the clinical (second) year; (3) average multiple‐choice‐question‐exam results from the didactic (first) year; (4) prerequisite preadmission GPA; and (5) overall preadmission GPA. Discriminant analyses revealed the combined solution of PACKRAT, SUMM, and MCQ to most accurately differentiate between the "pass" versus "fail" groups on the PANCE. Most importantly, regression analyses revealed the combined solution of SUMM and MCQ to most accurately predict PANCE performance at the low end of the scale. Conclusion: This research suggests that all assessment measures tested can provide helpful estimates of PANCE performance; however the combined SUMM and MCQ solution provided the most reliable and accurate prediction of PANCE performance for "high risk" students. Other physician assistant programs could develop analyses of their internal testing assessments to identify students at risk of PANCE failure and allocate institutional and program resources to improve rates of PANCE passage.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the short and long-run impacts of the national energy program on the welfare of Canadian farmers as measured by net farm income. The study uses a simulation model which emphasizes substitution possibilities and the output scale effect on the responsiveness of input use to price change. This paper focuses on the analysis of the results as well as on their potential policy implications.


Victorian seaside piers are icons of British national identity and a fundamental component of seaside resorts. Nevertheless, these important markers of British heritage are under threat: in the early 20 th century nearly 100 piers graced the UK coastline, but almost half have now gone. Piers face an uncertain future: 20% of piers are currently deemed 'at risk'. Seaside piers are vital to coastal communities in terms of resort identity, heritage, employment, community pride, and tourism. Research into the sustainability of these iconic structures is a matter of urgency. This paper examines best practice in pier regeneration projects that are successful and self-sustaining. The paper draws on four case studies of British seaside piers that have recently undergone, or are currently being, regenerated: Weston Super-Mare Grand pier; Hastings pier; Southport pier; and Penarth pier. This study identifies critical success factors in pier regeneration and examines the socio-economic sustainability of seaside piers. seaside holiday, with Visit England launching a domestic tourism campaign in 2013 focussing on England's 'iconic seaside destinations', and the publication of a series of English Heritage books celebrating seaside heritage in specific resorts (Barker et al, 2007; Brodie et al, 2008; Brodie and Whitfield, 2014). However, whilst the Government, heritage-bodies, and policymakers have recognised the enduring appeal of the British seaside resort, the regeneration of their piers has proved to be more problematic. This paper examines current efforts to revive and rehabilitate Britain's seaside piers. It starts by briefly reviewing the rise and fall of the seaside pier. It then examines the wider context of seaside resort regeneration, with particular attention to the critical success factors that can contribute to successful regeneration. It then moves on to look at what is necessary for a pier to be revived and regenerated focussing both on the wider 'resort' factors that need to be in place, and on the specific 'pier factors' that are necessary if a pier is to be revived. This is achieved through the consideration of four case studies of seaside pier regeneration which represent different models (based on different strategies and local contexts) for the sustainable future of the seaside pier. The paper ends by identifying the critical success factors which need to be in place if piers are to be successfully restored to their role as iconic centrepieces of seaside resorts. 2 THE RISE AND FALL OF BRITISH SEASIDE PIERS British seaside resorts can be considered as the first sites of mass tourism. Many of the UK's seaside resorts developed from spa towns and the fashion for the purported health-giving properties of sea water and sea air. Both Margate and Scarborough vie for the title of 'first British seaside resort', developing from the mid 18th century onwards. It should be noted that the majority of visitors to these burgeoning coastal resorts arrived by sea (it would be another 100 years until the railways reached the resorts), and so a means of getting people ashore was required. Landing stages were quickly built for the increasing number of patrons at seaside resorts, but these are not recognised as 'pleasure piers' by the UK's leading authority on seaside piers, the National Piers Society. Wills and Phillips (2014) state that 'pleasure piers' not only acted as landing stages, but were also designed to incorporate some element of entertainment or pleasure for resort visitors, which could range from simple promenading, to bandstands, pavilions and refreshment rooms. As such, the UK's first seaside pleasure pier is considered to be Ryde in the Isle of Wight, which opened in 1814 as both a landing stage and a promenading pier. Although the majority of the UK's coastal resorts had railway connections from the mid 19th century onwards, the 1860s to early 1900s are considered by many (Fischer and Walton, 1987; Gray, 2006; Mickleburgh, 1999; Pearson, 2002) to be the 'golden years' of the pleasure pier. Between 1860 and 1914 over 100 piers opened, including Southport pier (1860), Hastings pier (1872), Penarth pier (1895), and Weston-Super-Mare Grand pier (1904). Many resorts (such as Blackpool, Brighton, and Great Yarmouth) had more than one pier in order to cater to the tastes of different social classes visiting the resorts by the end of the 19th century (Fischer and Walton, 1987). As the 20th century dawned mass tourism to Britain's seaside resorts was at its peak, largely thanks to Wakes weeks and the Bank Holiday Act of 1871 (Walton, 2000), and seaside piers reached their zenith. However, the piers' popularity and proliferation could not last. Whilst the seaside resorts remained popular during the inter-war years, investment in resort infrastructure, such as piers, was kept to a minimum. During World War II many of the piers on Britain's southern and eastern coasts were 'sectioned' a piece of the pier was demolished in order to prevent them from being used as landing stages by enemy troops. In the 1950s and 1960s, although many seaside piers reopened, investment and maintenance was minimal in an age of post-war austerity. The final seaside pleasure pier to be built in the UK was Deal in 1957 (a new pier was built to replace the resort's previous pier which had been demolished due to war damage). By the 1960s and 1970s the seaside resorts in which piers were located faced increased competition from the rise in demand for the Mediterranean package holiday amongst British tourists, and increasing car ownership which enabled holidaymakers to visit a wider range of domestic tourism destinations (Agarwal, 1997; Gale, 2007). The decline in demand for British seaside resorts inevitably led to reduced investment in tourism infrastructure combined with a lack of intervention by local authorities (Williams and Shaw, 1997). In the wider context of resort decline, Britain's seaside piers began to close and be demolished from the 1970s onwards. The number of pleasure piers on the UK coast has dwindled to just 58 remaining in 2015, with over 40 piers either demolished or destroyed by storms or fire over the last 50 years. As many piers are now over 150 years old some might argue that they are reaching the end of their lifespan. A cast iron structure that is built into the sea, topped by aging wooden buildings, is bound to be susceptible to damage and fire. With increasing investment, maintenance, insurance premiums, and sea defence measures (due to rising sea levels) can seaside piers be viable, or indeed desirable, in the 21st century? 3 COASTAL RESORT REGENERATION As Britain's seaside resorts declined in popularity from the 1970s onwards, the symptoms of this decline became apparent: deteriorating accommodation; the loss of tourism jobs and rising unemployment; deteriorating resort townscapes and infrastructure; and increased social deprivation and exclusion (Agarwal, 2002; Agarwal and Brunt, 2006; Cooper, 1997). However, over the course of the last decade there has been increased focus on the regeneration of the British seaside resort (Walton and Browne, 2010). In terms of mature tourism destinations there are a number of crucial elements required to ensure the success of any regeneration strategy. These are summarised in Table 1. The resurgence in popularity of British seaside resorts can, in part, be attributed to a range of funding initiatives in recent years, such as the Sea Change funding project which awarded £45 million from 2008-2010, and the Coastal Communities Fund which runs from 2012 to 2017 and will award £116 million to coastal towns. In addition many seaside resorts have benefitted from Heritage Lottery Funding. Seaside resorts have witnessed arts and culture-led regeneration (such as the Jerwood Gallery in Hastings), heritage-led regeneration (such as Margate's Dreamland amusement park and Blackpool's iconic Tower and trams), and events-led regeneration (for example Whitby's Goth-Weekend). Private developers have also been investing in Britain's resorts, with luxury boutique and chain hotels opening (such as Morecambe's Midland Hotel, or Hilton developing both Hilton and Hampton Hotels in Bournemouth) alongside boutique retail and art galleries opening in places such as Brighton's Lanes, Margate Old Town and Hastings Old Town. In 2008 the seaside accounted for 26% of domestic holidays and 31% of bed-nights in the UK. By 2013 these figures had risen to 29% and 38% respectively (TNS Travel and Tourism 2009, 2014). Employment in seaside towns also increased by 2.4% between 2008 and 2012 (Beatty et al 2014). Table 1: Mature destination regeneration critical success factors


There are 115 million operational holdings in the country and about 80 % are marginal and small farmers. To fulfill the basic needs of house hold including food, feed, fodder, fiber, etc. were an attention about bio intensive cropping system (BICS). Global warming and its consequences are amongst the most serious problems of the present century. Agricultural crop residue burning contribute towards the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4), air pollutants (CO, NH3, NOx, SO2, NMHC), volatile organic compounds, particulates matter and smoke thereby posing threat to human health. Total amount of residue generated in 2008– 09 was 620 Mt out of which ~15.9% residue was burnt on farm. Rice straw contributed 40% of the total residue burnt followed by wheat straw (22%) and sugarcane trash (20%). Conservation agriculture and recommended management practices (RMPs) collectively are helpful to offset part of the emissions due to unscientific agricultural practices. An intensive agricultural practice during the post-green revolution era without caring for the environment has supposed to be played a major role towards enhancement of the greenhouse gases. Due to increase in demand for food production the farmers have started growing more than one crop a year through repeated tillage operations using conventional agricultural practices and they burn remaining crop residue which increases pollution.


In October 2001, US President Bush launched the so-called "War on Terror" to punish the perpetrators of the worst terrorist attacks ever committed against the United States. The official rationale ...


The purpose of this study is to clarify how Japanese and English speakers interpret picture-based sentences. Two studies were conducted, one with adults and one with children. The main task is to interpret eight picture-based sentences in two word-order conditions, SVO and SOV. These two conditions reflect the natural word orders of Japanese and English, respectively. The results suggest that word order was a more important cue for native English speakers than for native Japanese speakers in interpreting picture-based sentences. English speakers had more difficulty with picture symbols arrayed in SOV order than SVO. Japanese speakers had the most difficulty with missing syntactic particles in both word orders; successful interpretation sometimes depended on the particular meaning of the nouns and verbs in the sentences. This may be because English word order is more fixed, while Japanese word order has greater variance and capitalizes on syntax markers to clarify the meaning of a sentence.


The problem with silence is that it is not a problem. Silence is the complete absence of sound and the state of abstaining from speech. Words such as quiet and muteness evoke similar meanings. For many, however, it is synonymous with unease, threat and awkwardness. Yet, silence has played a significant role in humanity. The dramatic pause, the rest in music and the moment of silence for the dead are only some examples. However, though silence has been granted a position of great importance in the past, it is disquieting to see how much it is being attacked in the present day by the very being that has perpetuated its effect throughout the passage of time: man. Perhaps one of the most openly disturbing and recognizable disrupters of silence is the entertainment interrupter. Be it a movie, a play, a symphony, a painting, this person will invariably start babbling, thus ruining the effect that the combination of art and silence impresses upon the human race. The entertainment interrupter is the most widely acknowledged and hated form of the despiser of silence, but certainly not the only one. More common to our days is the social butterfly. With the impressive growth spurt of technology that facilitates and enables man to communicate with those around (and not around) him it seems as if we should constantly engage in active communication with others. So wherever and whoever the social butterfly flaps to, silence will be disturbed. Perhaps for fear of running out of life and dying, this specimen feels the need to talk constantly on a long bus ride (rendering the option of dosing off or merely looking through the window as unconceivable), find it impossible to wait in silence and even dare interrupt someone's reading for the sake of small talk and awkward conversation. In the depth of the soul, the social butterfly is terrified of silence and so, instead of facing the problem, it covers it up with words. But there are those who, despite their good intentions, think they see fear in the eyes of those who might simply enjoy the quiet. To the phycologist, silence is a serial killer. Being silent appears to be reason enough to regard anyone as 'troubled', socially awkward, a misfit. On one occasion, I was sitting on the floor of one of the hallways at school reading a book (which could have simply been a book for English class). Someone seemed to think this was apparently very odd behavior and so this person squatted down as if I were a small child and asked me whether I was alright. Sometimes, silence is there to make us feel uncomfortable, to expose, to make us think (even about those things which we purposely shove to the back of our minds), to leave us alone with ourselves, to make us reflect. More often than not we are afraid of it and so, we resort to words. Speech is the modern-day bully of silence, constantly harassing the quiet solitude that is so desperately needed (though not always wanted). As human beings, we thirst for interaction with other members of our same


Objective To evaluate the clinical use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection when fertilization cycles in vitro failed. Methods Reinsemination by using of intracytoplasmic sperm injection was carried out 24 h after oocytes retrieval in the failed fertilization cycles in vitro. Results A total of 127 one-day-old Mu oocytes from 14 failed fertilization cycles in vitro were subjected to intracyto- plasmic sperm injection. Among them, 105 were survived(82. 7%), 15 polyploidic (11. 8%), and 71 (55. 9%) fertilized normally, of which, 61(85.9%) cleaved. Thirty-two embryos were trans- ferred to 13 patients. One patient (7.7%) conceived after ET. Conclusions Intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used when fertilization cycles in vitro failed for either diagnostic or thera- peutic purpose, but the pregnancy rates seems not high.


The diffusion equation governs thermal conduction and groundwater flow phenomena. In this paper, we study the two‐dimensional radial propagation of a sinusoidal perturbation radiating from a cylindrical source within an infinite slab of homogeneous material. The solution of this problem has several applications. For instance, it can be used to determine the hydraulic diffusivity of the subsurface based on measurements of the hydraulic head around a vertical well during its development. For thermal problems, it can be used to determine the thermal diffusivity based on measurements of the temperature distribution around a cylindrical heat source generating a sinusoidal power per unit length. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analytical solution of this problem and we compare these solutions with numerical solutions. Two approximate analytical solutions, which can be relevant in practice, are also presented. Finally, we give an upper bound for the survival time of the transient part of the solution and we provide an estimate of the radius of influence of the sinusoidal solicitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article deals with the spatial distribution of the territory of Zabaikalsky Krai main characteristics of wind: speed and direction. For the analysis we used the data from Zabaikalsky management for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of the 24-year period (1990-2013 gg.) at 26 meteorological stations. There is an analysis of the spatial variation of the characteristics of the wind regime showed a variety of prevailing wind directions due to location of the territory in rough terrain where the terrain has a great influence on the distribution of the different wind directions The conclusion is made that in the whole territory of Zabaikalsky Krai, wind speeds are low. It is clearly expressed in its annual monthly course. Wind speed is the lowest values in winter, when the territory is located on a spur of the Siberian anticyclone. In spring and autumn, as its destruction and filling the wind speed increases. In the summer due to the weakening of the atmospheric, circulation is reduced. Calms have greater repeatability. Their frequency of occurrence in the average of the territory is about 38 %. The results can be used to monitor the climate in the region, climate services sectors of the economy. Characteristics of wind conditions are necessary for the development of wind energy inventories territories, updating building codes. In recent years, the issue of wind energy to convert it into electricity is more and more urgent.


Objective: We estimated the effectiveness of booster doses of monovalent and bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron-associated severe outcomes among adults aged [≥]50 years in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We used a test-negative design to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE), with unvaccinated adults as the comparator, against hospitalization or death among SARS-CoV-2-tested adults aged [≥]50 years between June 19, 2022 and January 28, 2023 stratified by time since vaccination. We explored VE by vaccine product (Moderna Spikevax (R) monovalent; Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty(R) monovalent; Moderna Spikevax(R) BA.1 bivalent; Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty(R) BA.4/BA.5 bivalent). Results: We included 3,755 Omicron cases and 14,338 test-negative controls. For the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech monovalent vaccines, VE 7-29 days after vaccination was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72-92%) and 88% (95%CI, 82-92%), respectively, and was 82% (95%CI, 76-87%) and 82% (95%CI, 77-86%) 90-119 days after vaccination. For the Moderna BA.1 bivalent vaccine, VE was 86% (95%CI, 82-90%) 7-29 days after vaccination and was 76% (95%CI, 66-83%) 90-119 days after vaccination. For the Pfizer-BioNTech BA.4/BA.5 bivalent vaccine, VE 7-29 days after vaccination was 83% (95%CI, 77-88%) and was 81% (95%CI 72-87%) 60-89 days after vaccination. Conclusions: Booster doses of monovalent and bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines provided similar, strong initial protection against severe outcomes in community-dwelling adults aged [≥]50 years in Ontario. Nonetheless, uncertainty remains around waning protection of these vaccines.


The improved efficiency of combustion of heavy fuel oil and orimulsion by means of a cavitation atomizer was demonstrated many times over at several power stations of the United States and Russia. The data from these power stations and the latest investigations prove that the cavitation method saves liquid fuel, reduces the NO x , CO, SO 2 , and C emissions into the atmosphere, and reduces power-production and equipment-restoration costs.


This article describes Sinophobia in Indonesia and its impact on China and Indonesia's economic cooperation. Sinophobia is an extreme dislike or fear of strangers, customs, religion, etc. Sinophobia often overlaps with forms of prejudice including racism and homophobia. This condition in Indonesia occurred as a result of colonialism, the privileged ethnic Chinese during the Suharto era and continued to increase sharply during the Jokowi's administration. In addition to using qualitative methods, to determine the analysis of anti-Chinese sentiment in Indonesian society and its influence on Indonesia-China economic cooperation, this study uses SVM (Support Vector Machine). The research step starts from crawling data from Twitter, cleaning data, translating data into English, and testing the classification results by calculating accuracy. SVM classification text with a training: testing data ratio of 80:20, resulting in an accuracy of 76.40%, precision of 74.44%, and F-measure of 74.48%.


People participation in the management and decision-making of government becomes an indicator of peoples' sovereignty, but it is not intended that all people should be directly involved. The type of this research was a normative method to organize electoral law in Indonesia in realizing the aspirative of the House of Representatives. The result shows that the legal provisions for recruitment the candidate of members of legislative has not been optimal. One indication is the mechanism of recruitment is not adequate. Legal instruments regarding the elections organizer is not representative, because the elements of the quality standards of competence, integrity, and accountability towards the elections have not been adequately regulated in the laws and regulations. While, the terms and reinforcement (competence) of candidate of legislative's member are regulated in legislation. In addition, requires legal instruments of election organizing that is comprehensive to accommodate the concept of supervision and in order to realize the representative parliamentary. Keywords: Election, Electoral System, Parliament


: This work describes a new algorithm for the calculation of the Blaker's binomial confidence limits. It outperforms the original Blaker's algorithm as regards both accuracy and speed. It will also be shown that it has some advantages in comparison with the recently published algorithm by M.P. Fay.


In this paper, a new approach based on combining two radically different texture features is proposed for similarity retrieval of multi-source remote sensing database. One takes a statistical approach in the form of gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), the other takes a signal processing approach with tree-structured wavelet transform or wavelet packets. Particularly, we also combine texture feature with spatial relation in the statistical method. The similarity retrieval contains six consecutive stages: preprocessing the images in the multisource remote sensing database, feature extraction, feature sequence normalization, weights for feature elements, similarity measure, and experimental evaluation. Through comparison with other methods: such as the gray level co-occurrence matrix, the tree-structured wavelet transform or wavelet packets, in combination GLCM with special relation, the proposed method shows good tradeoff between retrieval effectiveness and efficiency. The experimental results indicated that the combined texture retrieval way has powerful practical merits.


Since the explosion of pneumonia-like symptoms in the province of Hubei, Wuhan in December 2019 over 200 countries have gotten a share of this disease caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Till date, there exists no modest therapeutic agent to combat this virus. Antibodies in the breast milk of convalescent lactating mothers could be the silver bullet that would deflate the ballooning morbidity and mortality rate caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Coupled with the fact that breast milk contains a very high amount of Immunoglobulin A which has a desirable higher in vivo stability than other antibodies. This novel approach of purifying antibodies from the breast milk of convalescent lactating mothers is a non-invasive technique relative to the conventional method of using convalescent plasma which had proven effective for generating passive immunity against the seasonal flu. Purified Immunoglobulins would be obtained by adding an equal volume of ammonium sulphate solution to the breast milk sample to induce a lyotropic effect and thereafter passing the partially purified solution through a column chromatographic system impregnated with a Jaclin –lectin, Protein A, L and G. Neutralizing antibodies would by assayed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique. Various statistical tools will be used to analyze a double-blinded randomized clinical trials to ascertain the efficacy of the purified antibodies as it is expected to have clear cut effectiveness over the control and potentially become the invaluable in containing the pandemic.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: system contains drain channels, each of them is connected by flow with an appropriate aluminium electrolyser out of the said aluminium electrolysers, and is made with a possibility to transport the raw gas from the inlet of the appropriate drain channel of the electrolyser to the outlet of the appropriate drain channel, and the first common gathering channel connected by flow with the said drain channels at the outlets of the appropriate drain channels, wherein the first common gathering channel is made with a possibility to transport the raw gas from the outlets of the drain channels to a gas cleaning unit, the first and second heat exchangers, located in the first and the second drain channels, wherein the first heat exchanger is made with a possibility to create hydraulic resistance exceeding the hydraulic resistance of the second heat exchanger, and for heat transfer from the first drained flow of the raw gas to the heat transfer medium in the first heat exchanger, and the second drain channel is connected with the said common gathering channel upstream the first drain channel relatively to the raw gas flow in the gathering channel. EFFECT: reduced necessity in the regulation of the volume flows in the appropriate drain channels using dampers, and reduced power necessary to transport the raw gas through the system. 12 cl, 4 dwg


The article identifies and comments on the principles of communication adopted in professional Internet communities. The study was carried out on the material of Facebook social network groups created to discuss the problems of higher education and teaching the Russian language.
The theoretical foundations of the research are works devoted to Internet communication and professional communication; the most significant are theses on communicative norms, the meaning of their observance and the causes of violations. The relevance of the author's approach is determined by the inclusion of research in the communicative paradigm.
The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the communicative codes of professional Internet communities. To achieve this goal, the authors, using the methods of discursive, semantic and contextual analysis, investigated the descriptions and rules of the selected professional groups, finding: (1) lexico-grammatical and stylistic features of texts; (2) communicative norms and taboos, explicated in texts; (3) correlation of these norms with universal communicative principles of cooperation and politeness and their individual maxims.
The novelty of the approach is provided by the chosen object: scientific and pedagogical Internet communities have not previously received a comprehensive description. The results achieved during the study allowed us to formulate significant conclusions: (1) at the new stage of research in the field of Internet communication, a differentiating approach is needed to detect the specifics of various platforms; (2) research on professional communication should be supplemented by observations of the open communicative space that is being formed in social networks; (3) Internet communities demonstrate the processes of communicative normogenesis, self-organization and self-regulation of the communicative space; (4) the language design of communicative codes is not regulated and gives authors (community administrators) freedom of action; 5) codes of professional Internet communities go back to the principles of cooperation and politeness, while most of the maxims are not explicated and constitute a normative communicative background, others (for example, maxims of relevance, tact and sympathy) are specifically stipulated.


Author's Affiliation: Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Structural Biology, Pathology, and Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN. Corresponding Author: Sharyn D. Baker, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, CCC, Room I5306, Memphis TN 38105. Phone: 901-595-3089, Fax: 901-595-3125, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


A protoplasts transformation system for high-productive industrial strain of cyclosporin A was successfully constructed by using phleomycin resistant gene as select marker.The PCR results proved that the foreign DNA had been integrated in the chromosome of T.inflatum and it could be expressed steadily after several generations.This system laid a foundation for genetic engineering breeding of the cyclosporin A-producing strain.


Abstract : The advent of the digital computer has stimulated research in the establishment of man-machine communications. Since speech is man's most natural method of communications; a voice-link with data processing systems would provide the most basic type of input. This report describes an automatic speech recognition system which could provide some capability in voice communications with machines. This system is fully automatic and can recognize a finite number of words spoken in isolation. The word recognition system is composed of a hardware and software subsystem. The flexibility incorporated in the software subsystem allowed for the wide range of experimentation needed to assess the capability of the overall system. These experimental investigations are described in detail and the advantages and disadvantages of the system are discussed. (Author)


Social behavior is voluntary behavior that benefits others including actions such as calming someone down, helping, and sharing. From an early age, social behavior skills need to be developed in early childhood as a foundation for the ability to interact with the wider environment. However, some changes in social behavior occurred in early childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted content analysis to assess changes in early childhood social behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic. All articles found in sciencedirect (n = 13,743) and scholar (n = 165000) from 2020 to July 2021 were reviewed to identify conceptual and empirical changes that focus on changes in social behavior in early childhood. A total of 40 articles were identified and examined for themes. The results of the content analysis found that changes in early childhood social behavior occurred during this pandemic. We propose the involvement of parents, families, teachers and counselors in dealing with changes in social behavior that occur in children, this can also help early childhood in determining positive interactions with themselves in order to achieve better efficiency. We also propose that educational institutions need to provide skills to prospective teachers that can be practiced in the field so as to answer the challenges that exist during the pandemic, including lack of understanding and technological difficulties. The limitations and future directions are discussed further.


Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) are essential to the logistics system. The cost of this transportation can be reduced by improving the operation efficiency of AS/RS and decreasing the time required for in and out of warehouse orders. However, a bottleneck exists in the automated warehouse's transportation capability and the sizeable occupied area. Therefore, the four-way shuttle-based storage system with stacker and four-way shuttle cars as a scheduling tool can increase the land utilization rate and reduce the time of input and output tasks. Meanwhile, the improved grey wolf optimizer and greedy algorithm are used to optimize the process of determining the location-allocation and delivery vehicle scheduling. The simulation shows that the optimization algorithm increases the shelf utilization rate and reduces time consumption by 28% and 17% respectively contrasting initial results. The advantages of an optimization algorithm can be fully reflected compared with the results of random scheduling.


Abstract Renicorisgen. nov. and its type species Renicorisrobustussp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) from Yunnan, China, are described and illustrated. A key to separate the new genus and its closely related genera is provided.


The evolution of Io's Alfvn waves is modeled in a realistic magnetic field and torus density distribution. This is performed by calculating the normal modes of the field lines disturbed by Io and synthesising the waves near Io from a complex sum over the eigenmodes. The wave pattern produced downstream from the satellite exhibits periodic structure over a range of scales. In terms of the Jovian longitude (or CML) of a stationary observer, we expect large-scale structure (> 60o), small-scale structure (< 6o), and intermediate periods too. These are close to observed intervals in decmetric (DAM) emissions, such as the length of a DAM storm, bunching of arcs within a storm, and individual arc separation.


The problem of ensuring the necessary quality and exploitation of the properties of machine parts is becoming more and more important in mechanical engineering. The main idea of the work consists in the development of a fundamentally new approach to the monitoring of a machine tool complex of mechanical processing, the essence of which is the organization of the method of controlling the mechanical processing process on the basis of a single integrated information environment adapted to the universal complex of computer modeling Matlab/Stateflow and Matlab/Simulink, with structural representations of all components of the mechanical processing process and modeling as a problem-solving tool that expands the functionality of machine tool complexes. However, until now, generalized theoretical relationships between surface quality parameters, processing accuracy, operational properties of parts and parameters of mechanical processing processes, which allow solving the problem of technological support of given operational properties of parts. Management of the process of forming a surface with the necessary properties is carried out mainly by using partial experimental dependencies and tables of processing modes. The complexity of the problem lies in the fact that when processing parts, it is necessary to establish such processing conditions that would provide a set of requirements for tool wear, processing accuracy, surface quality characteristics, productivity, etc. The areas of the most effective use of production systems are primarily determined by the technological equipment that is a component of the system, the nomenclature of processed parts and the automated control system. which allow to solve the problem of technological provision of given operational properties of parts.


American federalism importantly shapes the nature of American public administration. This article examines various perspectives on American federalism, delineating and developing what appear to be some overarching or underlying major themes. Those themes are examined with respect to a major intergovernmental program of the 1970s, General Revenue Sharing (GRS). More specifically, the paper seeks to show how co-existing perspectives on federalism entered into Congressional negotiations regarding GRS and helped to shape that legislation.


The study of material culture encompasses the material and the symbolic properties of things. Approaches based on an understanding of material culture can h...


Objective:To know about the efficiency of cervix erosion by pome laser.Methods:It observed 457 cervix erosion outpatients treated with pome laser,including 235 patients cervix erosion of Ⅰ degree,164 patients cervix erosion of Ⅱ degree and 58 patients cervix erosion of Ⅲ degree.Results:The total cure rate was 98.9 percent,the cure rate of cervix erosion ofⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree were 100 percent,100 percent and 91.4 perctnt in respective.Conclusion:The pome lsaer was a simple and useful therapic way to cure cervix erosion.The cure rate had good correlation with degree of cervix erosion.


Environmental injustice is often an intersection of economic, social, and environmental disparities. Addressing the inequities borne by communities overburdened with such disparities requires local learning opportunities. Exploring how and what participants learn during community education projects can help inform and improve practice, which was the focus of this study. This study reports on a larger community environmental education project involving participatory action research, which involved community residents in Chicago learning to monitor local air quality using low-cost air sensors. The experiences of 14 volunteer air monitors were collected using focus group interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) approach to thematic analysis. Participant learning focused on new and existing skills related to science/technology, interpersonal communication, and local environment. Volunteers built skills in using low-cost air sensors, taught other community members about air monitoring and local air quality, and devised strategies for improving community air quality and health. This exploration of the experiences of community residents learning to use low-cost air monitors has three applications to community education practice related to addressing inequity: utilizing community members as educators, developing community capacity to engage with science, and normalizing equitable processes. The study's findings mark a contribution by the field of adult and community education to both Critical Science Agency and low-cost air monitoring literature, in addition to the Education for Sustainability literature by addressing the lack of focus on sustainability and equity by highlighting a community-based PAR project focused on developing local capacity of marginalized communities to address air quality issues.


The article is dedicated to the diagnosis, classification, and rehabilitation of various forms of speech disorders in poststroke patients. It is considered the most common types of expressive and impressive speech disorders. The main diagnostic signs of most frequent forms of aphasia and dysarthria are given. A plan for the rehabilitation program with the inclusion of a medication (Ceraxon®) and non-pharmacological methods of correcting speech disorders after stroke is offered.


The technique of electrophoretic separation of nuclear eye lens protein was applied for studying genetically based molecular variations in the mullet Mugil cephalus. The nuclear eye lens protein was extracted using 0.0189% NaCl solution. Electrophorograms produced five pattern types reflecting heterogeneity. Some variations were found to be due to the size of the fish and therefore their ontogenetic basis is discussed


Cho, Tak(曺倬)'s Yi-Yang-Pyun(二養編), first published in the 12 year of Kwang-Hae-Kun(光海君) era(1620), is composed of two parts. The first part is an edition of various Confucian scriptures that is used to control and restrain the mind. The second pan, considering mostly of contents borrowed from...


Digital learning technologies have changed the face of the higher education sector and will continue to do so. The universities are using the digital LMS innovation (DLMS) tools that are unique to their environment. Different universities have different DLMS tools that are software driven and allow the users (management, instructors, and students) to use them for regular tasks. This study aims to investigate the acceptance and use of a DLMS at Jordanian universities. It also aims to examine the relationships among users (students and instructors), IT infrastructure, Jordanian culture, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and acceptance of a DLMS. The study focuses on conviction of the users to use the digital system in a way to simplify their regular tasks. Findings are reported from data that were collected from 326 DLMS users.


The article describes the experience of introduction of the remote form of training on a labour safety in URB FST «All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Occupational Safety and Labour Economics» of the Ministry Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. The authors of the practical material consider the technical stages of the training, preparation of teachers and curators, the basic principles of distance learning and the peculiarities of the psychology of adult learning. Results of introduction of distance learning for the first half of 2013. Practical recommendations about use of this form in training of working people are made. Article materials can be used training organizations for using the remote form of training on a labour safety.


Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/palygorskite (PA) nanocomposites were fabricated through melt blending. The significant finding by Fourier transformed infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was that the hydrogen bonding interaction between PA surface and PLA matrix. Due to the hydrogen bonding interaction, the PA particles could be well dispersed and distributed in the PLA matrix, which had been further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results. Therefore, PLA/PA nanocomposites revealed the significant improvements in tensile properties, resulting in the potential application for agricultural products packaging. Due to PA aggregates, the degree of hydrogen bonding decreased with the increasing content of PA in the matrix, and the appropriate PA content is 3% (by weight). POLYM. COMPOS., 35:468–476, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers


What are the processes that entrapped more than 100 000 tons of emitted petroleum compounds in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster? We developed a thermodynamic model of the gas-liquid-water partitioning, densities, and viscosities of petroleum mixtures with varying composition, as a function of pressure, temperature, and water salinity. We incorporated this thermodynamic model into the TAMOC (Texas AM Oil Spill Calculator) model of the combined buoyant plume dynamics, aqueous dissolution kinetics, and other relevant deep-water effects. This is the first study to demonstrate mechanistically that aqueous dissolution was a major process, with  27% of the emitted mass dissolved during ascent. Our model predictions also provide insight in the role of the injection of dispersant at the emission source.


The aesthetical formation is the fundamental key of the aesthetical thinking, which is restricted by economic condition. It is very difficult to take the aesthetical idea that is formed under certain aesthetical formation to explain the similar appearance of aesthetics that is formed under other aesthetical formation. For this reason, to research into aesthetical appearance, first of all, must inspect the aesthetical formation which the aesthetical appearance belong to. Up to now, there are five aesthetical formation in Chinese history.


A new method for removal of thin films of photoresist polymers has been found. When polymeric films are exposed to ultraviolet light in the presence of air, the material can be removed leaving an extremely clean surface, free of carbonaceous material. This process has been examined for a variety of photoresist polymers as well as on nonphotoresist polymers and on a variety of substrates. The process offers a new method of photoresist removal.


Polymer gels are cross-linked polymer particles that are finding applications in coatings, controlled drug delivery, consumer products, etc. A simple model for predicting the viscosity of spherical polymeric gels and dispersions which can help in the formulation of dispersions in terms of solids content, particle size distribution (PSD), pH, ionic strength, etc. is developed. The model is based on an extended Krieger-Dougherty (K-D) equation, which incorporates the influences of both PSD and interparticle surface forces. The two important parameters in the model are the maximum packing fraction and the interaction energy between the particles. Unlike previous models which treated them as adjustable parameters, they are computed as functions of particle, solvent, and suspension characteristics. The maximum packing fraction is calculated as a function of PSD using linear packing theory while the interaction energy is computed using well-established surface force theories. The hydrodynamic thickness of the polymer layer and the mean distance between the chain attachment points on the hard core particle surface are treated as adjustable parameters. The model predictions are in close agreement with the experimentally observed viscosity values for microgel and latex suspensions reported in the literature. The effect of PSD on the suspension viscosity was found to be more pronounced at high particle volume fractions than at low volume fractions.


INTRODUCTION:
Surgical Site Infection and delayed wound failure are reported more commonly in abdominal surgeries performed in cases of peritonitis than in other gastrointestinal surgeries. Post operative Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a significant cause of morbidity in terms of prolonged hospital stay and increased expenses. Though pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis and per operative thorough peritoneal lavage play a major role in preventing SSI, an effective method of closure of wound is also important. Burst abdomen following wound dehiscence in SSI is a major concern for surgeons as it can cause compromise of respiratory functions if reclosure is done, whereas, nosocomial infection can occur if the wound is left open. Subcutaneous negative suction drainage has been shown to reduce the incidence of SSI and wound dehiscence by causing drainage of the infective material and promoting wound healing. This study was done to compare the effectiveness of sub-cutaneous negative suction drainage tube and conventional abdominal wall closure in cases of peritonitis with regard to SSI, wound dehiscence, wound secondary suturing and duration of hospital stay.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
To compare and find out the effective method of abdominal wall closure in cases of peritonitis between subcutaneous suction drainage tube and conventional primary skin closure.
STUDY DESIGN:
Prospective study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
60 patients who presented at the emergency department with acute abdominal pain and operated for the same, with features s/o peritonitis were enrolled into the study. 30 of them were managed with subcutaneous negative suction drainage tube during abdominal wall closure (Group A). 30 other patients underwent conventional method of abdominal wall closure (Group B). On table pus c/s was sent for all 60 cases. The surgical wound was observed for signs of infection. Any sero-purulent collection from the drain or any discharge from the wound was sent for c/s and the results of which were compared with the results of on table pus c/s. If wound dehiscence was noted, secondary suturing was done after the wound healed. The duration of suction drain placement and stay in the hospital were noted in all cases.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
The results were analyzed with Chi-square test and Student t test (unpaired) and p values were calculated. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS:
The incidence of SSI was significantly less in Group A (23%) than in Group B (60%). Similarly, wound dehiscence occurred in 43% of SSI cases in Group A as against 89% of SSI cases in Group B, the difference of which was statistically significant. The mean duration of hospital stay was significantly less when subcutaneous suction drain was placed (9 days).
CONCLUSION:
Subcutaneous suction drainage tube is an effective method of abdominal wall closure in cases of peritonitis when compared to conventional primary skin closure as it significantly reduces the incidence of SSI, wound dehiscence, wound secondary suturing and duration of hospital stay.