The invention discloses a printing pad-supporting structure, which comprises an insulating layer and a base, the insulating layer is arranged on the top of the base, a pad is arranged on the top of the center of the insulating layer, the insulating layer is provided with a through hole under the pad, moreover, two triangular reinforcing ribs are respectively arranged on both sides of the inside of the through hole, and the inner side of each triangular reinforcing rib is provided with a conductive layer. A tripod is arranged in the closed cavity defined by the conductive layers, a supporting plate, the section of which is triangular, is fixedly connected with the top of the tripod, and moreover, the bottom of the pad is supported by the top surface of the supporting plate. The printing pad-supporting structure has the beneficial effects that: pad processing can become reliable, pseudo soldering as the result of the unevenness and sinking of the pad can be prevented, and thereby the reliability of the electric connection of a printed circuit board is enhanced; by adding the triangular reinforcing ribs, the pad structure is reinforced; supporting force can be provided for the top pad from the bottom for a long time, and the steady supporting structure added under the pad can support the pad.


Buckling frequently governs the strength of weight sensitive aerospace structures. Conventional designs use adequate mass of material located appropriately to obtain adequate buckling strength. The smart control and material technologies have created a new paradigm in design. In this smart structures, energy to control their behavior and appropriate control strategies are used to design against buckling failure. In this paper the state-of-the-art of smart control of buckling is reviewed and finite element analysis results of an approach to control buckling of struts under compression is discussed.


1. Understanding Criminal Procedure. 2. Fourth Amendment Overview: The Expectation of Privacy. 3. The Exclusionary Rule. 4. Search Warrants. 5. Plain View, Open Fields, and Consent Searches. 6. Probable Cause. 7. Arrest. 8. Search Incident to Arrest and Related Topics. 9. Stop-and-Frisk. 10. Automobile Searches. 11. Border, Administrative, and Special Needs Searches. 12. The Right to Counsel. 13. Confessions I. Due Process and Privilege Against Self-Incrimination. 14. Confessions II. Miranda v. Arizona. 15. Confessions III. Sixth Amendment. 16. Identification: Lineups and Showups. 17. Entrapment. 18. Pretrial Release and Bail. 19. The Pretrial Process. 20. The Criminal Trial. 21. The Criminal Jury. 22. Alternative Remedies and Civil Liability. Table of Cases. Appendix: United States Constitution: Bill of Rights and Fourteenth Amendment.


By proving and using a splitting of state space without the uniform product boundedness condition, it is studied the effectiveness of the computation of the joint spectral radius for a linear cocycle driven by a discrete-time continuous semiflow. Our result may be applied to Markovian jump linear systems.


A longitudinal study was conducted to examine the relationships between parental involvement and students' science achievement over time. Four dimensions of parental involvement were used: parent-child communication, school participation, educational aspiration for children, and home supervision. Data used in this study consisted of three waves of student information and parent surveys from Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K). Regression analyses results showed that levels of parental involvement in terms of parent-child communication, parents' school participation, and educational aspiration for children were consistently and positively associated with students' science achievement over time. However, home supervision had a negative relationship with students' science achievement. Perspective and Objective This study examined the relationships between different dimensions of parental involvement and students' academic achievement in science. Parental involvement has been considered important for children's growth and academic achievement in science, which is positively associated with students' further persistence in the pipeline for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) (Aschbacher, Li, & Roth, 2010; National Academy of Sciences [NAS], 2007; Sad, 2012; Shumow, Lyutykh, & Schmidt, 2011). However, typical studies in this area are cross-sectional, and such studies may fail to reveal the full picture about the significance of parental involvement for students' academic achievement in science. Therefore, it is important to examine the long-term relationship between parental involvement and students' school science performance by using longitudinal data. Many researchers supported the multidimensionality of the parental involvement construct (Christenson, Rounds, & Gorney, 1992; Epstein, 1987). This study used the typology of parental involvement as summarized by Fan and Chen (2001) from a meta-analytic study: parent-child communication, school participation, educational aspiration for children, and home supervision. Research on parental involvement related to student science achievement has focused on middle school and high school students (Catsambis, 2001; Shumow et al., 2011), and there has been a research gap on this topic for younger students, such as elementary school students. As a result, it is important to explore how parental involvement is related to younger students' science achievement. As discussed by Duncan et al. (2007), students' academic skills in their early age were found to be a strong indicator of their later achievement; students with higher achievement in science tend to show more interest in learning science, which later may turn into career interest in science related fields (Aschbacher et al., 2010; Bhattacharyya & Mead, 2011). Therefore, parental involvement as related to student science learning may have the potential to influence students' science related career interest in later years. Empirical studies in the area of parental involvement and students' science achievement presented inconsistent findings, with some showing positive relationships (Catsambis, 2001; Olatoye & Agbatogun, 2009; Stylianides & Stylianides, 2011), and others reporting mixed results for different dimensions of parental involvement and students' science achievement (Domina, 2005; Ho, 2010). In addition, there exists an inconsistency in the operationalization of parental involvement, and some researchers operationalized parental involvement as a unidimensional construct (Olatoye & Agbatogun, 2009; Ratelle, Larose, Guay, & Senécal, 2005), despite the fact the researchers generally considered parental involvement as a multi-dimensional construct. This study investigated the longitudinal relationships between student science achievement and four dimensions of parental involvement: science-related parent-child communication, school participation, educational aspiration for children, and science-related home supervision (Fan & Chen, 2001). The research questions are: How was student school science performance related to the different dimensions of parental involvement? How was the pattern of change of student school science performance over time related to the different dimensions of parental involvement? Data and Methods The data used in this study were the "Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99" (ECLS-K; the National Center for Education Statistics), which followed a nationally representative cohort of students from kindergarten to middle school. We used three waves of data from students' information and parents' surveys: the spring of third grade in 2002 (Wave 1), the spring of fifth grade in 2004 (Wave 2), and the spring of eighth grade in 2007 (Wave 3). Regression analyses were conducted to examine the longitudinal relationships between students' science scores in the three waves and the four dimensions of parental involvement: talking about nature or doing science projects with children every week, participating in school events or fairs, expecting children to finish a college degree or above, and helping with children's science homework every week. Results and Discussion Table 1 presents the weighted descriptive statistics of the participants with different levels of parental involvement in the four dimensions. The longitudinal analysis results are shown in Table 2. To begin with, students' science scores significantly increased across the three time points. Figure 1 shows the comparison of science scores between the students whose parents talked about nature or did science projects with their children every week and those whose parents did not. Together with the information related to "science-related communication" in Table 2, Figure 1 showed that students exposed to science-related topics or activities at home had significantly higher third-grade science achievement scores than students without such experiences at home. There was a significant interaction between time and science-related communication, suggesting that the estimated difference in science scores between those with home science-related communication and those without decreased slightly over time. In addition, follow-up analyses showed that students with science-related home communication also had significantly higher science achievement scores than those without such communication in the fifth and eighth grades. Thus, parental involvement in terms of talking about science and doing science projects with children in their early elementary education had consistently positive relationship with students' academic achievement in science. Figure 2 presents the comparison among three groups of students with different levels of parents' school participation. It can be found from Table 2 that students whose parents consistently participated in elementary school activities (such as science fairs) had higher science achievement scores than those whose parents only participated sometimes, who in turn performed better than those whose parents never participated. In other words, parental participation in school activities, especially consistent participation, was also very important to student school achievement in science. Therefore, parental involvement in elementary school events (such as science fairs) may have long-term positive relationships with student science achievement. According to Figure 3 and Table 2, students whose parents consistently expected their children to obtain a bachelor's degree or above across three waves had significantly higher science achievement scores than those whose parents sometimes did, who in turn performed better in science than those students whose parents never had such expectation. Two interaction terms were significant, which suggested that the score differences among the three groups still increased as time went by. Students with consistent parental aspiration of higher education level scored even higher after five years than the other students. It can be inferred that parents' expectation of their children's future education level may also have consistently positive association with their science school achievement across time. Since science-related home supervision question was only available in the last wave of data, only regression analysis for the last wave data was conducted. Table 3 shows the results for the relationship between parents' help with science homework and students' academic achievement in science in the eighth grade. Results showed that eighth grade students who received science homework help at least once a week had significantly lower science scores than those who received help less than once a week. That is to say, the amount of science homework help was negatively associated with students' school science performance. Conclusion Based on regression analyses, our results indicated a mixture in terms of the longitudinal relationships between different dimensions of parental involvement and students' science achievement. First, students whose parents talked about nature or did science projects with them every week had better science performance than the students without such experiences across all the three waves. Early exposure to science related topics in the family environment was very important to student science performance in school at that time and in the future, and this finding is consistent with those of several studies (Bhanot & Jovanovic, 2009; McNeal, Jr., 1999). Parents are encouraged to talk about science related topics or do science projects with their children at home so as to have a positive influence on their children's science performance in school. Second, our study showed that parental participation in school activities was consistently and positively associated with students' science school achievement. This finding is not consistent with Ho (2010), who reported a negative relationship b


This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201135, "Challenges in ESP Operation in Ultradeepwater Heavy-Oil Atlanta Field," by Alexandre Tavares, Paulo Sérgio Rocha, SPE, and Marcelo Paulino Santos, Enauta, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Virtual Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition - Americas, 10-12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
 Atlanta is a post-salt offshore oil field in the Santos Basin, 185 km southeast of Rio de Janeiro. The combination of ultradeep water (1550 m) and heavy, viscous oil creates a challenging scenario for electrical submersible pump (ESP) applications. The complete paper discusses the performance of an ESP system using field data and software simulations.
 Introduction
 From initial screening to define the best artificial-lift method for the Atlanta Field's requirements, options such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic submersible pumps, multiphase pumps, ESPs, and gas lift (GL) were considered. Analysis determined that the best primary system was one using an in-well ESP with GL as backup.
 After an initial successful drillstem test (DST) with an in-well ESP, the decision was made, for the second DST, to install the test pump inside the riser, near seabed depth. It showed good results; comparison of oil-production potential between the pump installed inside a structure at the seabed—called an artificial lift skid (ALS)—and GL suggested that the latter would prove uneconomical. The artificial lift development concept is shown in Fig. 1.
 ESP Design
 ESP sizing was performed with a commercial software and considered available information on reservoir, completion, subsea, and topsides. To ensure that the ESP chosen would meet production and pressure boosts required in the field, base cases were built and analyzed for different moments of the field's life. The cases considered different productivity indexes (PI), reservoir pressures, and water production [and consequently water cut (WC)] as their inputs.
 The design considers using pumps with a best efficiency point (BEP) for water set at high flow rates (17,500 B/D for in-well and 34,000 B/D for ALS). Thus, when the pumps deal with viscous fluid, the curve will have a BEP closer to the current operating point.
 Design boundaries of the in-well ESP and the ALS are provided in the complete paper, as are some of the operational requirements to be implemented in the ESP design to minimize risk.
 Field Production History
 In 2014, two wells were drilled, tested, and completed with in-well ESP as the primary artificial lift method. Because of delays in delivery of a floating production, storage, and offloading vessel (FPSO), the backup (ALS) was not installed until January 2018. In May 2018, Atlanta Field's first oil was achieved through ATL-2's in-well ESP. After a few hours operating through the in-well ESP, it prematurely failed, and the ALS of this well was successfully started up.
 Fifteen days after first oil, ATL-3's in-well ESP was started up, but, as occurred with ATL-2, failed after a short period. Its ALS was successfully started up, and both wells produced slightly more than 1 year in that condition.


Radiative high-Z plasma bow shocks driven by a 200-kA current are investigated by using high-resolution dark-field laser Schlieren imaging and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Results demonstrate stationary high-density compressible bow shocks and provide data on the plasma Mach number and electron density.


This paper provides an in-depth and critical analysis of the current Belgian fiscal regime towards business research and development (R&D) expenditures. The paper clearly shows that what matters the most is the way a policy decision is implemented. In this respect the current R&D tax credit scheme is subject to several drawbacks. The first one is the very low level of support for 'additional' researchers. The second one is the 'nominative' aspect of each tax credit: the deduction is allowed for well-defined employees. The third main drawback is the non-permanent characteristic of the tax credit. Once a deduction is allowed for an employee, it must be validated for each subsequent year. These drawbacks are associated with a high level of complexity and a heavy administrative burden, for a weak or zero effectiveness of the scheme. We suggest several avenues for improvement, including a drastic simplification of the policy design and a much higher generosity, especially if the Lisbon objective is to be reached.


Volonomycin (U-43120, AT-111, NSC-163500) is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces paulus, UC® 5231 (NRRL 8115) which is active vs. P-388 leukemia tested in mice'-',3>. The physical characteristics and composition of volonomycin indicate that it is a member of a family of antibiotics containing proceomycin and the senfolomycins A and B'>. Recently, this agent produced by S. paulus, UC® 5142 (NRRL 12251) was found to be composed of at least two components designated as volonomycins A and B'>, and to be active as an in vitro inhibitor of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Grampositive bacteria','). Strain UC® 5142 is a wild type organism isolated independently of strain UC® 5231. Volonomycin is also active vs. Streptococcus pyogenes (CD50=2.7 mg/kg) and S. aureus (CD,O =2.6 mg/kg) when tested subcutaneously using mice'-'). In addition, volonomycin is not toxic when tested in this manner at 250 mg/kg5>. Fermentation Conditions Streptomyces paulus is stored and maintained on sterile soils in the culture collection of The Upjohn Company. The S. paulus containing soils were introduced into a seed medium termed GS-7 which contained Pharmamedia (Traders Oil Mill Co.) and Cerelose (C. P. C. International) each added at 25 g/liter of tap H;O. The pH of GS-7 was adjusted to 7.2 before sterilization using NH,OH and the medium was sterilized by autoclaving for 30 minutes. The inoculated 100 ml volumes of GS-7 were shaken at 250 rpm in wide-mouth 500 ml fermentation flasks for 48 hours at 28°C. The mature seed cultures were used as the source of inoculum (5 % v/v) for production media designated as I and 2. Medium 1 contained Cerelose, 10 g; Pharmamedia, 10 g; dextrin, (C. P. C. International), 20 g; brewer's yeast (Fleischmann Co.), 1 g; and the antifoam agent Ucon (Union Carbide), 10 g added per liter of tap H2O. After formulation the pH adjustment and sterilization of medium 1 were performed as with GS-7. The composition of medium 2 has been reported'). Strcptomycc.s paulus was subsequently grown for 4-6 days in these production media in the manner described for GS-7. Production of Volonomycin The biosynthesis of volonomycin was monitored through its inhibition of growth of Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 9341 using a disc-agar plate assay. The isolation of the anti-M. luteus activity produced by S. paulus strains UC > 5142 and UC'? 5231, as well as its characterization as volonomycin have been reported',". The superior production of volonomycin by strain UC® 5142 is shown in Table 1. One biounit of anti-M. luteus activity is the amount of volonomycin required to produce a zone of growth inhibition of 20 mm when applied to a 12.7 mm paper disc (Schleicher and Schuell No. 740-E). Using this


The Thesis deals with analysis of various types of benefits in CZ a.s. UB. It consists of two parts, the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge from the area of monetary and non-monetary benefits, the division of employee benefits and the ways of charging them. The practical part is focused on specific types of rewards and benefits in CZ. An analysis of questionnaire survey on the employee benefits is included at the end of thesis.


According to the research relating to the issue of the requirement of the transfer of technology and the issue of investment incentives undertook by the Working Group on the relationship between Trade and Investment, considering about the recent development of international legislation of international investment, we can see some basic tendency of international investment law in the future: through measures belonging to suitable technology transfer taken by government can exist, but those technology transfer which are compulsory must be cancelled; investment incentives to attract investment were second-best policy tools used by government, the international legislations with the purpose to regulate investment incentives will become more and more stringent.


Introduction. Malabsorption syndromes result in the disturbance of bone normal development and function. Objective. The assessment of bone density in children with malabsorption syndromes. The analysis of risk factors for osteopenia. The correlation between osteopenia, nutritional markers and bone metabolism markers. Material and method. 118 children with malabsorbtion syndromes of different etiologies, mainly Celiac disease (41 cases) and Cystic fibrosis (14 cases). Bone density was assessed by Quantitative Ultrasonography (QUS) with a Sunlight Omnisense Ultrasonometer 7000P. QUS was performed at two sites – radius (86 cases) and tibia (78 cases). 25hydroxivitamin D was measured in 10 cases by RIA method. Statistical analysis was made using SPSS for Windows. Results. Osteopenia was present in 32% cases. Decreased bone density at the radius was associated with the celiac syndrome. Osteopenia at the tibia was associated with cystic fibrosis. Osteopenia was more frequent in girls. Osteopenia was related to the duration of the disease. Osteopenia wasn't related to BMI. Radius Z-score positively correlated to alkaline phosphatase levels and tibia Z-score to serum cholesterol levels. Radius and tibia Z-score negatively correlated with inflammatory marker levels. In children with celiac disease, the value of anti-transglutaminase antibodies was negatively correlated to radius and tibia Z-score values. 25(OH) vitamin D values were deficient in 8 patient and insufficient in 2, but its values didn't correlate to radius/tibia Z-score. Clinical, biological and radiological signs of rickets were found in 35% of patients with osteopenia. Conclusions. Osteopenia was found in 1/3 of patients with malabsorption syndromes of the studied group. In 30% of patients, clinical, biological and radiologic rickets signs were present. 25(OH) vitamin D values didn't correlate with the Z-score. A negative correlation between bone parameters and inflammation markers and anti-transglutaminase antibodies values was observed.


The turbulence structure and transport process of SBL with a wide variety of stability have not yet been fully clarified, because of the difficulties of measurement and the complexity associated with unsteadiness and non-uniformity of SBL(Stull, 1988 ; Mahrt, 1999). Recently, Mahrt(1999) has discussed various features of different stability regimes of SBL, focusing on the very stable case, and pointed out that similarity theory and the traditional concept of a boundary layer break down for the very stable case. For the laboratory studies of SBL in the past, the stably stratified flows obtained have been limited within relatively weak stabilities. Moreover, it is difficult to simulate SBLs with various different vertical profiles of mean temperature because of the limited capability of wind tunnels. In the previous studies (Ohya, et al., 1997 ; Ohya, 2001), we have simulated a common type of SBL, in which the mean temperature increases upward in an exponential or polynomial manner. We have investigated the turbulence structure and transport process, and have obtained a number of interesting features, leading to a better understanding of SBL. For the present study, we have developed a simulation method for another type of SBL, in which the mean temperature increases upward linearly, by using a specially designed thermally stratified wind tunnel. In parallel with wind tunnel experiments, to understand the turbulence features and fluid dynamics in detail, we have also performed numerical simulations of the SBL. From both the wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation, we have investigated the flow structure and turbulence transport process of SBL with a wide range of stability, noting the influence of the different vertical profiles of mean temperature on the turbulence phenomena.


INTRODUCTION: Infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We postulated that patients with recurrent infections are more likely to have poorer disease outcome. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern of infections and disease damage that occurred in a cohort of patients with juvenile-onset SLE and to determine whether cumulative disease damage was associated with recurrent infections in these patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed (1988–2004) the clinical characteristics, infective complications, and disease damage as measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index Score (SDI) in 47 patients with juvenile-onset SLE. Potential risk factors for disease damage were evaluated by univariate analysis and logistic regression. The correlation between number of major infections and disease damage was determined. RESULTS: Thirty-two (68.1%) patients had lupus nephropathy, and 16 (34.0%) patients had neuropsychiatric lupus. Sixty-one episodes of major infections, defined as infections that required more than 1 week of antimicrobial agents, occurred in 27 (57.4%) patients, and 18 (31.4%) patients had recurrent major infections (≥2 episodes). Organ damage (SDI ≥ 1) was documented in 21 (44.7%) patients. By logistic regression, occurrence of major infections was the only significant risk factor for disease damage. There was a positive correlation between SDI score and the number of recurrent major infections. CONCLUSIONS: Infections and disease damage are common comorbidities in juvenile-onset SLE. Recurrent infections could predict poorer disease outcome and associated organ damage in SLE.


Through a simple illustrative example, it is shown that instantaneous convective adjustment schemes, of the type used in general circulation models to parametrize nonhydrostatic convective processes, lead to the spontaneous emergence of the smallest resolved horizontal scale: the grid mode is unstable regardless of the strength of the horizontal diffusivity. Convective adjustment vertically mixes properties at each grid-point, irrespective of the horizontal distribution of such properties. Thus, horizontal spatial gradients are amplified by convective adjustment, as long as adjustment is faster than the horizontal diffusion (or advection) time between neighboring grid-points. In the example presented here, the grid-scale instability is a global attractor and can only be suppressed by inaccurate time-stepping, or by the finite computational representation of numbers. This clarifies that the grid-mode is not a computational instability, but an intrinsic property of instantaneous convective adjustment schemes. A smooth solution, without grid-scale gradients, also exists, but it is unstable to infinitesimal perturbations for all values of the external parameters. We emphasize that the spatial average of the grid-mode differs substantially from the spatial average of the smooth (but unstable) solution.


Abstract Fenton's reagent was used as a coagulating agent in the treatment of water samples with high true color caused by humic substances (HS) extracted from peat. The effects of the apparent molecular size of HS on coagulation, flocculation, and flotation were studied. Four distinct water samples having the same true colors were prepared using HS with different molecular sizes obtained through ultrafiltration fractioning. Through optimization of the coagulant dosage and coagulation pH and the construction of coagulation diagrams for each water sample, it was verified that the sample with the smallest apparent molecular size of HS was the most difficult to treat, requiring higher coagulant (Fenton's reagent) dosages than samples prepared with larger HS molecular sizes. Furthermore, filtration experiments after dissolved air flotation were carried out to simulate conventional treatment. The most representative results in filtered water were: absorbance at 254 nm ⩽ 0.016 cm−1; apparent color ⩽ 3 HU; and r...


This article presents the after-effect of the Ukrainian crises for the internal situation of the country, in particular a situation in the social and economic sphere and for the international relations in general. The author notes that the situation in Ukraine, which had turned into a conflict after the power shift in February, 2014, led the national economy to a deep decline, which cannot be overcome under Ukraine's own power. According to the researcher's opinion, the main problem of the implementation of Minsk agreements is the different approaches of the signed parties to the fulfillment of their obligations. The article emphasizes that the current Ukrainian crisis in many aspects turned out to be the consequence of the de facto unfinished "cold war". Mostly because of the West's efforts Ukraine had to sever the geopolitical and civilization ties with Russia and to choose the "Western project of development". This choice led the country to its current situation and highlighted an actuate question about the future of the Ukrainian nationhood.


The author considers the questions related to the genesis of "cruel" romance and city ballad, analyzes the genre originality of these artistic forms, as well as their position among closely related genres, mentioning the considerable changeability of genre limits, in particular the ability of transition from one form to another, demonstrates the mechanisms of this kind of transition by the example of the song "Spark" by M. Isakovskii transformed into "cruel" romance, and shows the similar processes in consequence of which "cruel" romance can be reorganized into city ballad.


The activation of amines by B(C6F5)3 is shown to effect the catalytic racemization of a chiral amine. Extending this strategy to a bimolecular process, catalytic transfer hydrogenation of imines, enamines, and N-heterocycles is demonstrated using iPr2NH as the source of hydrogen and a catalytic amount of the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3.


This paper is intended to broadly explore both the achievements and needs and problems of the diverse Hmong American community across the United States, with a particular emphasis on felt needs and problems. Felt needs and problems are defined as needs and problems "perceived by individuals experiencing the problem, may be equated with want and are phenomenological in character" (Cox, Erlich, Rothman & Tropman, 1984, p. 9). Taken from this perspective, among the problems and needs discussed in this paper are those that were identified by key informants or members of the Hmong American community, who live in the community and are well informed of the acute issues experienced by their fellow co-ethnics. Felt needs and problems, in addition to other needs, are very important issues for Hmong community gatekeepers, social workers and service providers to know and understand, in order to effectively work with a particular community (Cox, et al. 1984). The phenomena identified in this exploratory paper are intended to provide a departure point for researchers undertaking future relevant studies of social issues important to the Hmong community.


Many processing problems still occur, causing the low quality of raw rubber materials and farmers low-income. This can be seen from the use of coagulants, storage methods and the level of cleanliness. This study was aimed at analyzing the quality and added value of raw rubber materials based on the use of coagulant types. This study was conducted in October - November 2021. Fresh latex was obtained from the rubber plantation in Mulyaguna Village, OKI Regency. Completely randomized design was used with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The coagulants used were the recommended ones (liquid smoke, formic acid), and the commonly used by the farmers (sulfuric acid, aluminum sulfate, and TSP fertilizer). The results of the study showed that liquid smoke and formic acid were better than the coagulants commonly used by farmers, which could be seen from the ash content, initial plasticity, and plasticity retention index. The dry rubber contents (DRCs) using liquid smoke, formic acid, sulfuric acid, aluminum sulfate, and TSP fertilizer were 66.081; 62.978; 59.067; 56.202 and 60.796 respectively. Liquid smoke and formic acid provided the added value for raw rubber materials of 1,203/kg IDR and 792/kg IDR compared to sulfuric acid commonly used by farmers.


Researchers in the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, rely on the principles and tools of GIS to help them better understand many of their ecological questions. Just as one would not apply other analytical methods (e.g. statistical modeling) without prior education on the subject, neither should one haphazardly use spatial modeling techniques. An intermediate-level, hands-on tutorial on some of the common spatial modeling applications of GIS in ecology was developed to address this need and is described and presented here. The how-to guide is meant to be a handy reference for ecologists interested in the practical aspects of applying ArcGIS 9.x in vegetation and landcover mapping, landscape metric calculation, watershed and wetland modeling, movement and dispersal (e.g. home range and distance analyses), and habitat selection and scenario modeling.


Tort law presents a puzzle from an information cost point of view. Like property, its duties often avail against others generally, but unlike property it is appears not to be standardized and is more subject to judicial innovation. This essay argues that torts, like property, employs modular structures to manage the complexity of interactions between actors. Both property and torts solve the information cost problem with "in rem" rights in similar ways, by chopping up the world of interactions between parties into manageable chunks—modules—that are semi-autonomous. Instead of employing "things" to achieve modularity, tort law employs other strategies to limit information costs, by hiding information and making tort law less context-dependent than one might expect from a "law of actions." The features of tort law emphasized by noneconomic theories of tort law—corrective justice, civil recourse, and natural rights—can be seen as managing the complexity of tort law. These include tort's bilateral structure, the content of duties, and proximate cause. As in property, a heavy reliance in tort law on simple moral norms, which are easy to communicate and self-enforce, receives a partial explanation in terms of information costs. Economic analysis and broadly moral theories of torts turn out to be closer together at the descriptive level than is usually thought.


The phenomenon of phytoplankton blooms often occurs in the waters of the Thousand Islands (Jakarta Bay). On October 15, 2020, the blooming occurred again. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the types of phytoplankton that were blooming in Jakarta Bay. Real time sampling of the blooming phytoplankton was carried out. Furthermore, the samples were directly analysed at the Laboratory of Productivity and Aquatic Environment, IPB University. The parameters analysed were the composition of phytoplankton species and water quality. Phytoplankton underwent blooming was Trichodesmium. Blooming frequently occurred in the waters of the Thousand Islands. This is closely related to seasonal changes and increased nutrient content in the waters, especially nitrate and orthophosphate, which support the rapid growth of phytoplankton (blooming).


Sowell, T. (1981). Ethnic America: A history. New York: Basic Books. Spears, A. K. (1982). The Black English semi-auxiliary come. Language 58:850-72. (1984). Towards a new view of Black English. The Journal 1:94-103. Wolfram, W. (1969). A sociolinguistic description of Detroit Negro speech. Washington, D C : Center for Applied Linguistics. Wolfram, W., & Fasold, R. W. (1974). Social dialects in American English. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.


We propose a novel, angle-based path metric for the multi-manifold clustering problem. This metric, which we call the largest-angle path distance (LAPD), is computed as a bottleneck path distance in a graph constructed on d-simplices of data points. When data is sampled from a collection of d-dimensional manifolds which may intersect, the method can cluster the manifolds with high accuracy and automatically detect how many manifolds are present. By leveraging fast approximation schemes for bottleneck distance, this method exhibits quasi-linear computational complexity in the number of data points. In addition to being highly scalable, the method outperforms existing algorithms in numerous numerical experiments on intersecting manifolds, and exhibits robustness with respect to noise and curvature in the data.


Corrosion of cementing cement ring causes the cement ring permeability to increase, resulting in serious casing corrosion. The casing corrosion perforation leads to an increase in water content of oil wells, low driving use of water injection wells, and imbalance of injection and production well patterns. Therefore, on the basis of conventional cementing cement, epoxy resin emulsion non-penetrating agent and corrosion inhibitor composed of rust and antibacterial materials are added to reduce the corrosion and permeability of cementing cement and reduce casing corrosion. The cement sample permeability experiment shows that adding 10% non-permeability agent and 2% corrosion inhibitor to low-density cement reduces the cement stone sample permeability from 0.075mD to 0.021mD, a decrease of 3.57 times. In the conventional density cement, adding 10% non-penetrating agent and 2% corrosion inhibitor, the permeability of the cement stone sample decreased from 0.041mD to 0.0009mD, a decrease of 4.56 times. The evaluation experiment of cement stone anti-corrosion performance shows that adding 10% non-penetrating agent and 2% corrosion inhibitor to cement can increase the corrosion resistance of cement samples by 6 times. At the same time, the thickening time and compressive strength of cement stone samples remain unchanged compared with conventional cement. Optimizing the technological measures of supporting anti-corrosion tools, and summing up a set of anti-corrosion cementing technology through the field application of anti-corrosion cement slurry, which provides strong technical support for the development of cementing technology under the corrosive environment of formation water in the oil field.


For the purpose of investigating the correlation between the crystal structure of titanium dioxide and its catalytic activity, the catalytic oxidation rate of carbon monoxide and the desorption rate of oxygen from the sample surface have been measured on anatase, rutile, and an anatase-rutile mixture. The oxidation of carbon monoxide was investigated by a static method at temperatures of 250–550°C and under gas pressures of 10−2–150 mmHg. The desorption of oxygen was carried out at 600–750°C. The reaction rate was proportional to PCO and did not depend on either PCO2 or PCO2 The activation energy was 16.0 kcal/mol for anatase and 6.7 kcal/mol for rutile. The catalytic activity per unit of the surface area of rutile was 3—6 times as much as that of anatase. The reaction rate almost coincided with the rate of the reduction of titanium dioxide by carbon monoxide. The electric resistance of the sample was little affected by the PO2. The following reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the results. The rate...


The emergence of digital technology is a process of storage, retrieval and dissemination of information has made the traditional libraries to go digital. Librariesall around the world have responded to diverse challenges posed by preservation of digital information and have encountered the technical, organizational, resource and legal issues associated with it. The paper highlights brief about thedigital library preservation, challenges and opportunity, software like LOCKSS, E-prints, D-space, Depot, Fedora, Greenstone etc which are useful for developing digital libraries and digital library initiatives in India.


Utilizing the F814W and F300W filters, Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) images were taken of three low surface brightness dwarf elliptical galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. The intent of the observations was to determine the small-scale structure in these enigmatic galaxies and to attempt to learn something about the nature of their giant branches through the detection of luminosity fluctuations. In two of the three studied galaxies, V7L3 and V1L4, the luminosity fluctuations in the inner, constant surface brightness regions were unambiguously detected. At the nominal distance of the Virgo Cluster, the measured luminosity fluctuations in the F814W band yields a density of 2–10 red giants per pixel. In the most extreme of these two cases, V7L3, we derive a surface density of giant stars of ∼3 per 10 pc2. Using the observed B-V and V-I colors as a constraint, we could find no model that would reproduce the observed fluctuation signal and blue colors if there were a significant population of M giants in these systems. Overall, our results are consistent with a mean spectral type of K0–K2, which implies a relatively metal-poor population. The third system, V2L8, did not have a detectable fluctuation signal, which possibly implies that it is not in the Virgo Cluster. Interestingly, this system is highly nucleated. Our observations have resolved this nucleus, and if V2L8 is in Virgo, then we have discovered what is likely the smallest bulge measured to date, having an effective radius of only 50 pc. This bulge is quite red (as red as giant ellipticals), and it is entirely possible that this nucleated dwarf elliptical galaxy, in fact, is a very large galaxy located in the background. As such, it is highly reminiscent of the manner in which Malin 1 was discovered. Optical spectroscopy of this nucleus is required to confirm this. Finally, we find no evidence for small-scale clumping of stars in any of the studied systems at this much-improved spatial resolution. This implies that these systems are dynamically well relaxed and that the physical cause of their observed low surface brightnesses is their low density. When imaged at the high spatial resolution of the WFPC2 (∼6 pc pixel-1), the galaxies are easy to look right through without even knowing that they are present in the very middle of the WFPC2 frame. They appear only as elevated "sky noise."


The White Tern (Gygis alba) is a pelagic tern species that has a wide distribution through tropical Pacific and Indian ocean. On August 4th, 2014, one specimen of exhausted White Tern was found in Gyesan-ri, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk province, South Korea (N 36°10'18", E 127°46'38") and it died a day after, while being kept for transportation to the wildlife rescue center. Based on the geographical distribution of subspecies and this specimen's measurements, the bird found in Korea could be identified as G. a. candida, whose closest breeding colony is located at the northwest Pacific Ocean. A typhoon (NAKRI) passed through this area a day ago, suggesting that this oceanic bird flew off inland about 110 km away from the nearest coast by the typhoon, which is one of the common causes of avian vagrancy. This is the first record of this species in Korea.


This analytical note is a response by the expert to the letter "Stop a Discrimination Against Carpatho-Rusyns on the Basis of Nationality" (dated 14 November 2019) from certain figures of Rusyns' associations in Zakarpattia Region of Ukraine, addressed to the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Against the complex historical, political, national and cultural development of Zakarpattia the author of this analytical note refutes baseless allegations and requirements of rusyn activists of the region to accept at constitutional level in Ukraine "Rusyn people", "(Sub)Carpatho-Rusyn ethnicity", to give him supposedly legal, historical rights of autonomy, to protect him from a so called "discrimination and genocide"


This study is to investigate if extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) deliver miR-331-3p to regulate LIMS2 methylation in cervical cancer cells. Cervical cancer cells were incubated with EVs from BMSCs with altered expression of miR-331-3p, DNMT3A or/and LIMS2 and then subjected to EdU, Transwell, flow cytometry and Western blotting analyses. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the binding between miR-331-3p and DNMT3A. A xenograft model was established to evaluate the effect of BMSC-derived EV-miR-331-3p on cervical tumor growth. miR-331-3p was lowly and DNMT3A was highly expressed in cervical cancer. BMSC-derived EVs delivered miR-331-3p to control the behaviors of cervical cancer cells. miR-331-3p inhibited the expression of DNMT3A by binding DNMT3A mRNA. DNMT3A promoted LIMS2 methylation and reduced the expression of LIMS2. Overexpression of DNMT3A or silencing of LIMS2 in BMSCs counteracted the tumor suppressive effects of miR-331-3p. BMSC-derived EV-miR-331-3p also inhibited the growth of cervical tumors in vivo. BMSC-derived EVs alleviate cervical cancer partially by delivering miR-331-3p to reduce DNMT3A-dependent LIMS2 methylation in tumor cells.


In survey sampling, policymaking regarding the allocation of resources to subgroups (called small areas) or the determination of subgroups with specific properties in a population should be based on reliable estimates. Information, however, is often collected at a different scale than that of these subgroups; hence, the estimation can only be obtained on finer scale data. Parametric mixed models are commonly used in small‐area estimation. The relationship between predictors and response, however, may not be linear in some real situations. Recently, small‐area estimation using a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) with a penalised spline (P‐spline) regression model, for the fixed part of the model, has been proposed to analyse cross‐sectional responses, both normal and non‐normal. However, there are many situations in which the responses in small areas are serially dependent over time. Such a situation is exemplified by a data set on the annual number of visits to physicians by patients seeking treatment for asthma, in different areas of Manitoba, Canada. In cases where covariates that can possibly predict physician visits by asthma patients (e.g. age and genetic and environmental factors) may not have a linear relationship with the response, new models for analysing such data sets are required. In the current work, using both time‐series and cross‐sectional data methods, we propose P‐spline regression models for small‐area estimation under GLMMs. Our proposed model covers both normal and non‐normal responses. In particular, the empirical best predictors of small‐area parameters and their corresponding prediction intervals are studied with the maximum likelihood estimation approach being used to estimate the model parameters. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using some simulations and also by analysing two real data sets (precipitation and asthma).


ZnS is one of the excellent materials that are used as long wave window in infrared, but the reflection of the surface is high. In order to reduce the reflection of the ZnS surface, we designed the sub-wavelength antireflective structure on ZnS by coupled-wave theory. The parameters of the sub-wavelength antireflective structure were optimiged and the two-dimensional sub-wavelength antireflective structure on ZnS was fabricated by reactive ion etching technique. The results show that the transmittance of etched ZnS is significantly better than that of bare ZnS at wavelengths of 8—12 μm. This is a new antireflection method using ZnS.


North Yorkshire County Council is calling on the Government to give more protection for adult social care and to help fund additional school places to ...


In modern vehicles, intelligent suspension systems have been widely applied with complex control algorithms. The suspension design problem aims to achieve a good suspension providing a comfortable ride and good handling within a reasonable range of road-profile deflection. In this paper, the proportional-integral-derivative-accelerated (PIDA) controller design for the magnetically levitated (Maglev) vehicle suspension system by the Lévy-flight firefly algorithm (LFFA), one of the most powerful metaheuristic optimization searching techniques, is proposed. For comparison with LFFA-based design approach, the results obtained by the PIDA controller will be compared with those obtained by the PI, PD and PID controllers. Simulation results show that the LFFA can provide optimal PIDA controller for a given suspension system. The PIDA controller yielded very satisfactory response superior to PI, PD and PID, respectively.


A series of analytical tables for mortality data in Italy in 1994 is presented. The age- and sex-specific rates for the whole of Italy are reported for 45 different death causes as well as the national standardised rate referred to 1971 population. The standardised rates for each of the 20 regions and the three main subdivisions: North Center South/Islands are also reported. This report belongs to a series describing mortality in Italy since 1970 using the same methods with yearly up-dating editions. (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN ENG)


Road pricing, once seen as a solution to the problem of road congestion, has ground to a halt. This article discusses what went wrong and considers if other demand-side policies could be more successful at ending the public's love affair with the car. A road congestion charging scheme was overwhelmingly rejected at the end of last year and although the potential economic, social and environmental benefits of halting traffic growth are huge, there has always been more policy development than delivery on demand-side measures for transport. Demand-side policies like congestion charging are needed to 'get people out of their cars' and onto public transport, or walking or cycling.


Objectives To elucidate the molecular mechanism of hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD)in neonatal rats.Methods 7 day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and averagely divided into 2 groups,HIBD group and sham-operated group(n = 36 in each group).HIBD models were set up by using modified Levine protocol.Animals were euthanized at 0,2,12,24,48 hrs afterwards and RNA was extracted from the pineal gland.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of Clock and Per2.Plasma level of melatonin was determined by radioimmunoassay.Results(1)There was no significant difference of Clock mRNA between HIBD group and sham-operated group(P 0.05).(2)Per2 mRNA expression at 24 hrs after HIBD began to decline and was significantly lower than that of the sham-operated group at 36 and 48 hrs after HIBD(P 0.01=.(3)The plasma levels of melatonin at 12 and 24 hrs after HIBD were significantly lower than that of the sham-operated group.The level of plasma melatonin recovered at 48 hrs after HIBD.Conclusions The changes on Clock and Per2 mRNA expression and plasma melatonin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIBD.


As the stiffness of substrate changes cell adhesion and deformation results significantly,in order to find out the interaction between cell adhesion and substrate's properties,this paper presented a model based on "receptor-ligand binding".Adhesion force is presented by the springs here which connect the cell membrane and substrate surface in the adhesion zone.Cell and substrate are described as elastic shell and solid respectively.By varying the modulus of cell and substrate,adhesion results of different cell living in different environments can be obtained and these results can be validated by comparing to well known experimental results.


Sensory peptide neurotransmitters have been implicated as significant regulators of prostate growth. This study was designed to evaluate the role of neurokinins in proliferation, differentiation, and contraction of canine prostate cells in culture.


Fichte, although recognized äs an important figure for the history of philosophy, has becn almost completely neglected äs a philosopher worth studying in his own right. This has been due, in part, to historical factors first, the eminence and popularity of Hegel, later, the victory of positivistic philosophy. It has been due, also, to the often exasperating obscurity of Fichte's writings themselves. It seems that while Fichte, in one sense, developed a System, he was unable to express himself systematically, even to the minimal degree of employing a consistent terminology. However, I am convinced that the unwarranted disregard of Fichte's philosophy unwarranted, because, although obscurely formulated, insights are therein to be found has been due largely to the fact that it has not been adequately interpreted. Fichte is usually seen äs an avowed Kantian who thoroughly altered Kant's System by hypostatizing the transcendental subject of consciousness äs an absolutely certain act of knowledge. While this is basically correct, I believe that the philosophical issues which led to this development are not well understood. In historical discussions Fichte's System often seems a sort of surprise or aberration, a transition from out of nowhere which was inspired by Kant's critical philosophy, to be sure, but not necessitated by it. This is because the logic that dictates Fichte's move has not been completely discerned. In the present essay I hope to take steps toward such an understanding. I shall consider Fichte's early philosophy, in part, an amplification of some ideas regarding the seif and self-consciousness tct,be found in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason but left unelaborated there. In particular, I shall argue that Fichte's early Wissenschaftslehre is centrally concerned with the problem of how the seif knows its own existence, a problem which, I believe, Kant grappled with but was unable to solve in a completely satisfactory way. In pursuing this objective I shall, first, review Kant's remarks on the seif and self-consciousness in the first Critique. Since my interest is primarily in Fichte, I shall not attempt to give a complete account of Kant's views but only point out certain apparent difficulties in


* This work was supported by the Seoul National University Research Grant in 2016. †Corresponding author: Dayk Jang, College of Liberal Studies; Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul Republic of Korea 08826 Research areas: Evolutionary psychology, Philosophy of science E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 인지과학, 제30권 제3호 Korean Journal of Cognitive Science 2019, Vol. 30, No. 3, 157∼174 http://dx.doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2019.30.3.3


EnglishThis paper explores the possibility of a mereological approach (i.e. within the very terms of the 3rd Logical Investigation) of phenomenological concreteness. After exhibiting the mereological structure of the natural attitude, shared by the Logical Investigations´ underlying ontology, we dare a sort of mereological translation of the transition to transcendental phenomenology. We finally set up the sense of a mereological reduction as the formal counterpart of the transcendental reduction. We therefore redefine, accordingly, the proper phenomenological sense pertaining to the task of legitimizing constitutions. We, thereupon, deal with the apparent paradox relying on both an absolute mereological dependence between the parts (in concrescence) and the absolute irreducibility of their senses. This paradox is said to be apparent (there isn´t such paradox) for it overlooks the difference between the ontological and the phenomenological point of view. francaisCe texte explore la possibilite de traiter mereologiquement (i.e. dans les stricts termes de la 3eme Recherche Logique) l´idee de concretude phenomenologique. Apres avoir montre la structure mereologique de l´attitude naturelle et sa connivence avec l´ontologie de fond des Recherches Logiques, nous nous efforcons de traduire mereologiquement le passage a la phenomenologie transcendantale. Finalement, nous fixons le sens d´une reduction mereologique comme pendant formel de la reduction transcendantale et nous tentons de redefinir le sens proprement phenomenologique de la tâche de legitimation qui incombe a la phenomenologie a l´aune de ce paradoxe (en fait apparent, car il ne releve que de la confusion de l´ontologie avec le phenomenologique) qui couple l´absolue dependance mereologique des parties concrescentes avec l´absolue irreductibilite de leur sens.


Amadio Arboleda addresses the idea of a globalized world in which the distribution of scholarship could theoretically unite all nations. Arboleda argues that, in fact, European and North American researchers, scholars, and publishers commonly demonstrate the 'Gutenberg syndrome,' in which the history of the book, the world of publishing, and scholarship in general are viewed in terms of Western principles and practices. International communication is thus dominated by Western standards and largely excludes or over-looks centuries of Eastern traditions. Until a greater effort among Western scholars and publishers is made to understand the cultural history of Asian countries and to develop truly international research practices and resources, a balanced and equal exchange of knowledge and information around the world will remain difficult.


Roadbed and Pavement Engineering is a core professional course for majors on highway and bridge.Curriculum,teaching content and methods are discussed to put forward the basic idea on teaching reform.In reform of teaching content,stress is laid on the advantages of teaching material and better teaching content.In the reform of teaching methods,traditional teaching methods are combined with modern educational technology,theory with and practice,students' subject role with teachers' guiding role.


AIM:To established an HPLC method for the determination of Phlorigidoside C in Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo.METHOD:HPLC analysis was performed on Alltima C 18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column and a mixture of acetonitrile-water(6∶94) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The column temperature was 30℃ and the detection wavelength was 239 nm. RESULT:The linear range of Phlorigidoside C was 0.2505~4.008 μg/ml,r=0.9999.The average recovery was 100.4 % with RSD 1.66%.CONCLUSION:The method is sentitive,rapid and reproducible.


ON 14 July 1925 I left Edmonton under orders from the Canadian Govern? ment to make the trip along the Arctic coast from the Mackenzie delta to Hudson Bay, collecting economic, geological, botanical, anthropological, and other information en route. The details of the expedition were left to me. Travelling by rail to Fort McMurray and then by the Slave and Mackenzie rivers, I reached Aklavik on July 31. Here, six days later, I embarked on a small schooner, and, proceeding in a north-westerly direction through the islands of the delta, we reached salt water after a twelve-hour trip. About 30 miles below Aklavik the last spruce and larch were passed, and some miles farther north, a short distance for the ocean, the last willows were seen. Along the coast the delta islands are low and flat, and are covered with green grass and huge piles of driftwood from the inland rivers. The Richardson Moun? tains rise along the western side of the Mackenzie delta, and their summits aid materially in the navigation of the intricate channels, sloughs, and islands between Aklavik and the Arctic coast-line. For the past few seasons the Northern Alaska-Yukon migration of caribou has swung into these mountains for the summer months, abandoning the pastures of the Old Crow River which for many years had been the summer grazing-grounds of the herd. Upon reaching salt water the schooner was headed westerly, and about two hours later reached Shingle Point. Here I took my passage on the Hudson's Bay Company supply ship, S.S. Bay Chimo, which hoped to proceed as far east as Cambridge Bay. The harbour at Shingle Point will not take a boat of over 6-foot draught, the larger boats, such as the Bay Chimo which draws 18 feet, having to lie about 4 miles off shore. During the day a number of Eskimo schooners passed, sailing westward to Herschel Island. Many had come from points as far east as Baillie Island, and all were intent on reaching Herschel in time to trade with Captain Pedersen, whose ship was anchored at that point. The Eskimo of this area are among the most advanced of their race, with well-equipped schooners of considerable value. They are all trappers, their chief catch being the white fox. On August 8 we left for Baillie Island,450 miles to the east. The next morn? ing a good deal of ice appeared, but not enough to interfere with the ship's progress. Baillie Island was sighted at noon, and two hours later we anchored at a point about a mile off shore. The settlement is on a very low sandspit between the south-easterly corner of the island and the mainland, the harbour being formed by the island, the sandspit, and the mainland. There are two entrances, one at either end of the sandspit, the northern one being the deeper. There is no fresh water at this settlement, both the Hudson's Bay Company and the police officials depending on fresh-water ice, which, after being hauled from the mainland, is stored in barrels and tanks and allowed to melt as summer progresses. This was originally an old-time whaling station where, prior to the advent of the police and traders, the wTater supply would be brought in on shipboard. The country round the post supports a very considerable native population.


Transfer RNAs play a crucial role in protein translation where they bring amino acids to the ribosome to be incorporated into nascent polypeptide chains. During stress conditions tRNAs can be cleaved to generate tRNA-derived fragments. Several ribonucleases have been identified that cleave tRNA, however mutations in the stress-induced ribonuclease Angiogenin have been identified in a range of neurological disorders including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease, suggesting that tRNA cleavage may be dysregulated in neurological disease. tRNA fragments have been detected in biofluids indicating they may be of use as biomarkers for neurological diseases. There is considerable variability in the methods used to quantify tRFs from size selection, adapter ligation, removal of RNA modifications, and sequence analysis approaches which can make it difficult to reconcile multiple studies. Here we review the biology of transfer RNAs and the biogenesis of tRNA-derived fragments, with a focus on the methods used to identify and quantify tRNA fragments and how different methodological approaches can influence tRNA fragment detection. We provide an overview of current literature on the identification of tRNA fragments in neurological disease models and patient samples, with a focus on circulating tRNA fragments as potential biomarkers of neurological diseases.


Oro-antral communication (OAC) may develop as a complication of dental extraction, trauma, infection or neoplasm. Buccal fat pad (BFP) has been increasingly used for the closure of OAC. However, some complications can be seen for pedicled buccal fad pad flap (PBFPF), such as infection, limitation in mouth opening, hematoma, and swelling. Nevertheless, there are no previousreports of subcutaneous emphysema after PBFPF. In this paper; a complication developed in the early period after use of PBFPF for closure of OAF was illustrated with special emphasis showing the strength of BFP against tension forces.


Urban sewage is one of the main pollution sources of the city, which pollute soil, deteriorate the water quality and increase the water shortages and urban load. LDPE is low cost and widely used as the basic material of wastewater treatment, but LDPE's hydrophilic is not good enough to meet the need of suspended filler in wastewater treatment. In this paper the hydrophilic modified of LDPE for the new biological suspended filler was studied and the preparation and processing technique based on LDPE was researched. The hydrophilic and mechanic performance of the hydrophilic modified materials was tested. Results shown that the new type of hydrophilic modified materials has good hydrophilic and meets the demand of urban sewage treatment. The research on the new suspended filler materials has great meaning in solving the problem of urban sewage and recycling.


23 1. Halophyte distributions on saltmarshes are strongly related to elevation in the tidal 24 frame. However, collinearity between elevation, the consequent inundation regime, 25 and sediment waterlogging/redox potential obscures the proximate causes of 26 distribution patterns. We sought to distinguish the effects of elevation per se from 27 those of waterlogging by manipulating microtopography. 28 2. We experimentally manipulated elevation by ±15 cm at locations that spanned the 29 elevation ranges of three saltmarshes recently reactivated by managed coastal 30 realignment. Experimental plots were initially cleared of any vegetation. Elevation 31 and sediment redox potential were determined for each plot. We planted five 32 perennial species (Armeria maritima, Atriplex portulacoides, Limonium vulgare, 33 Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritima) in half of the plots, recording survival 34 over four years, and monitored natural colonisation of the other plots. 35 3. Overall, redox potential increased with elevation. Sediments were more oxidising in 36 raised plots and more reducing in lowered plots. Redox reductions in lowered plots 37 were in line with those that would be predicted from the overall redox/elevation 38 relationship, but increases in raised plots were greater than predicted from elevation 39 alone. 40 4. Plant colonisation and survival was poorer in lowered plots and, for most species, 41 improved in raised plots. This poorer colonisation and survival can, in part, be 42 attributed to the concomitant alterations in redox potential and elevation in the tidal 43 frame, but microtopographic manipulation also had substantial independent effects on 44 plant performance, including on the survival of all planted species and the 45 colonisation of Puccinellia maritima, Salicornia europaea agg. and Tripolium 46 pannonicum. 47 5. Synthesis: Microtopography can have effects on sediment chemistry and plant 48 performance similar in magnitude to those of overall tidal elevation. Understanding 49 how its effects modulate the relationship between tidal elevation, redox and other 50 environmental conditions helps clarify the abiotic factors that fundamentally 51 determine halophyte colonisation and survival. These results support the use of 52 topographic manipulation to enhance the diversity of created saltmarshes. 53


Simulations are an increasingly popular way of teaching social science, but are sometimes viewed as too complex and resource-intensive for assessment. This practice paper introduces the concept of a light simulation, one that is simple enough to be used for an individual written assessment. It provides examples from a variety of politics courses at under and post-graduate levels and in medium-sized and large classes. It also describes the super-light simulation, which does not require a live precursor to be an effective assessment. The article also reflects on how light simulations can prevent plagiarism, promote engagement, and contribute to an assessment portfolio that still includes the traditional essay.


The use of film presses as coaters is being tested ― and in part already realized ― in the areas of coated and pigmentized papers, e.g.: as on-line precoaters for woodfree and slightly mechanical papers; for pigmentizing the comparatively new MFP grades; to replace blade applicators in the manufacture of ULWC papers; for surface pignemtizing of partly secondary fibre based SC papers of minimum grammages, newsprint and recycling papers; for simultaneous precoating/back coating of folding boxboard; for pigmentizing of preprinted top liner for the corrugated board industry. The paper reports the production and test experience gained in some of these areas. In addition, several installation variants are presented where the film press is used as a coater or multi-purpose applicator


Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a high resolution imaging system commonly used in the microwave remote sensing. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a popular SAR platform for civilian as well as military applications. When operated on an UAV, platform's motion error may cause severe distortions to the quality of the SAR images. Thus, motion sensing and compensation become the key challenges in UAV-based SAR system. In order to obtain a high resolution SAR image, high accuracy UAV motion sensing is essential. This thesis reports on the design and development of a six degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) motion sensing system for UAV-based SAR. The proposed system employs a 6-DOF Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a high sampling rates Global Positioning System (GPS) for accurate motion sensing.


The invention belongs to the field of deep processing of sheep slaughter byproduct and discloses a method for preparing natural meat flavour by utilizing sheep bone. The method comprises the steps of smashing the sheep bone, carrying out high temperature high pressure cooking, carrying out compound proteinase and flavourzyme enzymolysis, and carrying out maillard reaction, thus the natural meat flavour is obtained. In the method disclosed by the invention, protein and fat in the bone can be effectively extracted by virtue of the high temperature high pressure cooking, and bone soup is rich infree amino acid and small peptide after enzymolysis is carried out, thus the natural mutton flavour is an ideal flavour product which is full of nutriments and has strong mutton taste. In the method disclosed by the invention, the high temperature high pressure cooking is adopted, and the protein and fat in the bone can be simply and efficiently extracted. The obtained mutton flavour has mellowerand longer smell, fuller palate and more lasting aftertaste. Protein content in the natural mutton flavour is obviously increased, and contents of calcium and phosphorus also can be obviously improved.


Long‐term treatment with heparin has been associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Given the importance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans for bone metabolism, it can be anticipated that heparin due to its structural similarity with heparan sulfate chains somehow interferes with the biological activities of these cell surface‐ and extracellular matrix‐associated molecules. Initially in order to study the effect(s) of heparin on osteoblasts that possibly contribute to the development of heparin‐induced osteoporosis, we treated osteoblast‐like Saos‐2 cells in monolayer culture for different periods of time with different concentrations of heparin. None of the heparin concentrations tested led to an inhibition of osteoblast proliferation during the early proliferative phase. After longer incubation times, however, cultures treated with higher concentrations of heparin (≥5 μg/ml) exhibited a reduction in cell number as well as an inhibition of matrix deposition and mineralization. These effects could not be observed with lower heparin concentrations. On the contrary, low concentrations of heparin (5–500 ng/ml) even promoted matrix deposition and its subsequent mineralization. Apparently, heparin has a biphasic effect on osteoblast‐like Saos‐2 cells, being inhibitory at high concentrations but stimulatory at low concentrations. These results imply that heparin at concentrations well below those used for antithrombotic therapy might eventually turn out to be beneficial for bone formation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Since cementless stem fixation in hip arthroplasty is becoming more and more common, the overall incidence of intraoperative femoral fractures has risen considerably. Depending on primary or revision arthroplasty, literature reports fracture rates between a few percent up to one third of the cases. In this study, methods commonly applied in the field of structural testing were customized for this specified interference fit situation. A cementless hip system (ABG II, Stryker) was used on animal bones and biomechanical bones. Transient excitation in the form of regular hammer strokes and sinusoidal excitation using a shaker served as an input. The output of the system under test was measured on the greater trochanter using a piezoelectric accelerometer. The signals were digitized with a high-speed data acquisition system and analyzed in real-time with spectrum analysis software. Analysis included threshold detection in the time domain to determine the time delay between the input and output transducer. Spectrum analysis in the frequency domain included FFT analysis and frequency response function analysis to identify shifts of fundamental frequencies and harmonics to describe the vibrational changes with increasing stability. A digital imaging system was set up to take pictures of the metal-bone site to measure inducible displacement with each hammer impact and correlate it with the vibrometry results. Furthermore a strain gauge circularly mounted around the proximal femur monitored accurately any hairline fracture. This study shows that changes of the vibrational spectrum are directly related to implant fit. The range of interest is well in the sonic range, which apparently is the reason for many surgeons to listen and 'feel' carefully during advancing the broach or the final implant into the femur. The study is trying to extract critical vibrational parameters correlated with stability and femoral integrity. Due to the different dimensions of the tested animal bones and lack of soft tissue damping, further experiments on cadavers need to be carried out. Vibrational spectrum analysis could prove to be a useful tool to readily assess implant stability and femoral integrity. It seems to be most beneficial in revision surgery or minimally invasive hip replacement, where the risk of femoral fractures is increased or fissures could easily be missed.


With my Ultimate Plants vs Zombies Garden Warfare Game Guide you will learn exactly what you need to know in order to become an expert player and beat every level! This is a complete guide with everything you need to know about the game. - Supports PC, Xbox, & Playstation. - Overview & Basic Information. - Advanced Strategies. - A Detailed Overview of All Plant and Zombie Types. - Detailed Easy to Follow Instructions. - Secrets, Tips, Unlockables, and Tricks Used By Pro Players! - Vivid Screenshots. - PLUS MUCH MORE! Purchase now and never get stuck trying to beat a level again! Become a Pro Player Today! Disclaimer: This product is not associated, affiliated, endorsed, or sponsored by PopCap or Electronic Arts Inc., nor have they been reviewed, tested or certified by either. This guide is to be used as a reference and as such does not modify the game in any way. This is a written guide and not a software program.


To determine the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and environmental factors of temperature, noise, and lighting in nursing home residents with severe dementia.


A multilevel circulant is defined as a graph whose adjacency matrix has a certain block decomposition into circulant matrices. A general algebraic method for finding the eigenvectors and the eigenvalues of multilevel circulants is given. Several classes of graphs, including regular polyhedra, suns, and cylinders can be analyzed using this scheme.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of platelet antibody detection and platelets cross-matched on platelet transfusion refractoriness by comparing the efficiency of transfusion before and after platelets cross-matched.Methods Regarding the improvement of haemorrhage symptom,corrected count increment(CCI),percent platelet recovery(PPR) as the standard,the efficiency of transfusion of before and after platelets cross-matched were compared.Results In 25 cases of patients with platelet transfusion refractoriness,9 cases′ platelet antibody detection were positive.Transfusion efficiency rates of 9 cases were significantly different before and after platelets cross-matched(P0.01).The values of CCI and PPR in 1 h and 24 h after transfusion were higher than before.Conclusion Platelet antibody detection and platelet cross-matched can improve the efficiency of single-donor platelet transfusion,and also avoid misusing platelet.


Acid hardening resists (AHR) which rely on chemical amplification schemes for increased photospeed arefinding wide acceptance as a viable approach to deep UV lithography. The understanding of the underlying acid-catalyzed chemistry and the processing protocol necessary to exploit the advantages of these resists is a subject of active interest in several laboratories. The thermal response of acid-hardening resists has been quantified in a lumped parameter model proposed in an earlier study [ 1]. In the current paper, we report on recent results obtained with a commercial AHR. We have investigated the processing latitude and the resist profile sensitivity as a function of postexposure bake and development conditions under normalized dose conditions predicted by our model. The mean free path of the acid has been estimated to ?e less than 70 A. The resist-induced linewidth bias has been correlated to the conjugate point of the aerial image over a wide range of processing conditions. Since acid diffusion is restricted by theformation of a crosslinked ne'tWork, the ability to manipulate the latent image as measured by the isofocal region of the resist has been investigated. This assumes importance in cases where the process needs to be optimized to obtain a desired bias. Since the exposure and development conditions are not as strongly coupled in acid hardening resists, the potential exists to optimize the development process independently and suitable parameters have been defined for this step.


High utility itemsets mining is relevant for business vendors. So that they can give more offers to high utility itemsets. To understand the above sentence we need to know what is high utility itemsets. High utility itemsets are those ones that yield high profit when sold together or alone that meets a user-specified minimum utility threshold from a transactional database. This high utility itemset mining is not a new topic, but it is an emerging area. The basis of high utility mining is frequent itemset mining. The various problems in frequent itemset mining are purchase quantity not taken into account, all items have same importance etc. So the number of items generated will be more. These limitations are overcomed by high utility itemset mining. For that in HUI mining a utility value (weight) is assigned to each item. Also a threshold applied to remove unwanted itemsets. Setting the threshold externally is a tedious work. Too low threshold will generate many HUI's and too high may cause no HUI's to found. In Top-K only top hui' s will be found. Here the minimum threshold is set internally. It is zero initially. Performance degrades when there are many hui's in the database. So the concept of closed itemset mining is introduced for memory and space efficiency. Also for proper utilization of resources.


Content consumption measurement is one of the aims of the audience measurement technologies which include the analysis of users behaviour when consuming content or media services. Therefore, having reliable audience data is critical for the development of new platforms for broadcasting and media delivery and if we add the concepts developed and demonstrated along this doctoral thesis, it can be applied to applications ranging from assessing new viable business models for media content delivery to predict users behaviours and the impact of a particular service offer.
In this doctoral thesis, an audience measurement general solution is presented which covers the current convergent scenarios where media can be conveyed by different transmission means to the user and the mathematical model to obtain the relevant parameters has been demonstrated.
The advances in research presented in the thesis body are based on 4 key pillars:
1. A new and open logical and architectural model for the measurement of user consumption of media assets which has been demonstrated useful for the new convergent media scenarios and its application to new media delivery commercial converging platforms.
2. A complete methodology for the implementation of the logical and architectural model in new media delivery converging platforms, which has been demonstrated as correct for the implementation of the theoretical logical and architectural model.
3. A set of metrics for the mathematical modelling and prediction of the user behaviour regarding the content consumption, isolated or in communities. This mathematical modelling has been based on defining first the variables and n-dimensional stochastic processes involved in the mathematical modelling. After modelling the consumption and the users, a User Profile is elaborated by mixing objective and subjective metrics (of the users). This User Profile is upgraded with the characterisation of the user communities, and the elaboration and selection of distance metrics and clustering algorithms, along with the building of mathematical algorithms to create the complex metrics. These complex metrics provide the Interest, Impact and Efficiency variables, and are the base for many of the applications described in the doctoral thesis such as prediction of users behaviour with regards to media consumption or the definition of service offers.
4. An extensive testing environment with real users and a complete simulator, which is used to test:
a. The logical and architectural model implementation in several convergent platforms such as broadcasting to stationary terminals (Set-Top box) using DVB-S and DVB-T, mobile broadcasting (to both handhelds and mobiles) using DVB-H and media delivery over IP networks using IPTV solutions (to Set-Top box or PCs).
b. The metrics and mathematical modelling tested with a simulator of the consumption of 1000 users forming a panel which represents the characteristics of the consumption of content programmes as in a typical panel for audience measurement.
c. The metrics and mathematical modelling applied to 16 users with a certain relationship between them, where the concept of user communities for modelling the output parameters and variables has been applied, and that has demonstrated that the mathematical modelling can be applied to real cases and users.
 The results from this doctoral thesis have been published in several journals (JCR indexed) and high-level congresses. Some of them can be found in the references. Part of this work was done in the framework of the European research project ARENA (ARENA - Audience measurement Research Extended to New convergent media Applications and Services-, Framework Programme 6). The logical model has been proposed for standardisation in several bodies such as DVB and ITU, and as a standard audience measurement solution in several industrial fora such as BMCOforum (Broadcast Mobile Convergence Forum).


Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process. A burn is a unique injury because it requires interaction between different cells and tissues with various intracellular and extracellular signals. Burn produces higher free radicals than other injuries. A low concentration of free radicals is needed to initiate the normal wound healing process. In this process, angiogenesis is crucial for burn healing. Free radical signals regulate the formation of new blood vessels which are characterized by the formation of granulation tissue. An antioxidant is needed to support this process by inhibiting oxidation reactions, binding free radicals, and molecules to inhibit further cell damage. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant. Astaxanthin affects quenching singlet oxygen radical and protects against lipid peroxidation. Small doses of ATX can reduce levels of free radicals and higher doses increase the antioxidant regulation. Increasing the ATX dose will further reduce cell apoptosis in the stasis zone by affecting the mitochondrial-related apoptotic pathways. The role of astaxanthin is significant from the initiation stage of angiogenesis which stimulates growth factors thereby increasing granulation tissue. This is supported by the anti-inflammatory properties of astaxanthin, so it has a beneficial effect on the healing process of burn.


The paper deals with the application of the wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, based on near field inductive coupling, in implantable medical devices (IMDs). A transcutaneous WPT system is considered here to transfer a power of over 10 watts. The selection of the most adequate topology of the compensation network is a key point to mitigate the variation of physical quantities inside the human body, such as internal electric field E and specific absorption rate (SAR). An investigation is here provided to demonstrate the different behavior of each compensation topology in order to obtain compliance with ICNIRP limits in biological tissues.


The structure character,community character and plant distribution of two universities(Hebei Polytechnic University and Tangshan Normal Universtiy) plant community in Tangshan were investigated.Through the analysis for the indices of importance,the species richness index,the Simpson index,and the Shannon-Weiner index,the problems of campus greening were discovered,and the suggestions about the campus greening and the development were put forward.


The text presented below is an edited version of the Address delivered by His Excellency Ion Iliescu, the President of Romania, at the opening ceremony of the UNESCO-CEPES International Jubilee Conference on "Higher Education in the Twenty-First Century: Its Role and Contribution to Our Common Advancement", Bucharest, 6-8 September 2002. President Iliescu evokes, herein, the shared democratic values of UNESCO-CEPES and its host country, Romania, and of their shared belief in the benefic effects of the promotion of education, culture, and science. Regarding higher education, Romania recognizes the crucial importance of its role in the development of the knowledge society of the Twenty-First Century, the importance of university education for the training of young people, and the need to develop Romanian higher education according to the norms of the Bologna Process and of European integration.


Voltammetric response of Achromobacter pseudoazurin at a bis(4-pyridyl)disulfide modified gold electrode shows the quasi-reversible electron transfer process, and the current due to catalytic intermolecular electron transfer reaction between Achromobacter pseudoazurin and nitrite reductase was observed in the presence of excess nitrite as the substrate.


IP rewards inventors by guaranteeing exclusive monopoly rights over their inventions. This is the essential incentive mechanism that well-functioning IP systems provide. However, IP systems do not operate well in monopolistic contexts, since competition critically impacts firms' innovation activities (see State of competition [1]). Market concentration poses challenges for competition that, while independent from IP per se, need to be addressed. If they are not, businesses may encounter fewer opportunities to seek inventions and, therefore, may refrain from using IP at all.


Introduction: Inhibition of non COX1 dependent platelet function (NCDPF) by aspirin (ASA) is variable, with few insights into underlying biology. NCDPF testing is unavailable in most patient care s...


In this paper, we deal with the following coupled chemotaxis-haptotaxis system modeling cancer invasionwith nonlinear diffusion, \begin{document}$\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_t} = \Delta {u^m} - \chi \nabla \cdot \left( {u \cdot \nabla v} \right) - \xi \nabla \cdot \left( {u \cdot \nabla w} \right) + \mu u\left( {1 - u - w} \right),{\rm{in}}\;\Omega \times {{\mathbb{R}}^ + },\\{v_t} - \nabla v + v = u,\;{\rm{in}}\;\Omega \times {{\mathbb{R}}^ + },\\{w_t} = - vw,\;\;{\rm{in}}\;\Omega \times {{\mathbb{R}}^ + },\end{array} \right.$ \end{document} where \begin{document} $Ω\subset\mathbb R^N$ \end{document} ( \begin{document} $N≥ 3$ \end{document} ) is a bounded domain. Under zero-flux boundary conditions, we showed that for any \begin{document} $m>0$ \end{document} , the problem admits a global bounded weak solution for any large initial datum if \begin{document} $\frac{χ}{μ}$ \end{document} is appropriately small. The slow diffusion case ( \begin{document} $m>1$ \end{document} ) of this problem have been studied by many authors [ 14 , 7 , 19 , 23 ], in which, the boundedness and the global in time solution are established for \begin{document} $m>\frac{2N}{N+2}$ \end{document} , but the cases \begin{document} $m≤ \frac{2N}{N+2}$ \end{document} remain open.


A record of the water quality and fish fauna composition of the Luagan Rompong oxbow lake of the Padas River near Beaufort, the Kalandaun and Kalananap oxbow lakes of the Kinabatangan River at Sukau is presented in this study. The water quality of all three oxbow lakes exhibited wide daily variation in dissolved oxygen content (3.9-12.4 mg L-1) and also large changes in daily water, especially for the Kinabatangan oxbow lakes. All three lakes demonstrated different composition of fish fauna with the Cyprinidae famili (45-80%) dominating in the lakes. The Shannon-Weiner diversity indices for fish from all the lakes were between 2.15 and 3.13 with the Kalandaun Lake at the Kinabatangan River showed highest fish fauna diversity


A novel electrical and optical confinement scheme for surface emitting optoelectronic devices is presented. The scheme is based on epitaxial regrowth of a pnp current blocking layer structure around a mesa etched in the vertical cavity region of the device. The lateral size and orientation of the mesa is defined lithographically and dry etching is used to create vertical mesa sidewalls. By orienting the mesa sidewalls in certain crystallographic directions, it is possible to selectively grow a current blocking pnp layer structure on the exposed n-type lower cladding layer of the cavity whithout obstructing the electrical injection into the active region. The concept is evaluated in 1.2-μm GaAs-based light emitting diodes with InGaAs quantum wells. This type of structure can easily be used as the amplifying region of a vertical cavity laser, providing a good alternative to selective oxidation confinement.


The evolutionary force of recombination is lacking in asexually reproducing populations. As a consequence, the population can suffer an irreversible accumulation of deleterious mutations, a phenomenon known as Muller's ratchet. We formulate discrete and continuous time versions of Muller's ratchet. Inspired by Haigh's (1978) analysis of a dynamical system which arises in the limit of large populations, we identify the parameter = N�/(Ns · log(N�)) as most important for the speed of accumulation of deleterious mutations. Here N is population size, s is the


A procedure is presented to test an arbitrary function of two variables N(x, y) to see if a separator function exists such that S[N(x, y)] = A (x) + B(y). If so, the procedure evaluates S[.],A,B. Necessary conditions for the existence of S[.] are established and some limitations are given in a theorem on sufficient conditions. Examples and a canonic representation of the test and procedure are also presented.


Abstract : A study was completed at UW-Madison in 2010 that reviewed the energy consumption of US Navy buildings which earned Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC). The research compared LEED certified buildings to a commercial counterpart within the US Navy inventory against Executive Order (EO) 13423. The EO mandated that all federal agencies meet a 30 percent reduction of electricity and water consumption. This research expands on the 2010 study to analyze the construction costs associated with LEED certification in US Navy owned buildings with the goal of identifying the costs associated with LEED construction to determine the economic feasibility of LEED certification. The objectives of the study are met by comparing the building construction costs between the LEED certified and comparison building, as well as, the calculation of a simple payback period for the US Navy LEED certified buildings. The results indicate that although some of the building had satisfactory results, half would not be considered economically feasible. Furthermore, neither the level of LEED certification nor the amount of LEED points earned correlate to successfully meeting EO 13423 s mandate.


The accuracy and efficiency of object detection is the key technology to spread autonomous driving. In order to address issues such as missed and false detection in traditional target detection algorithms, deep learning technology is used to optimize the ship target detection model as well as the attention mechanisms in this article. Specifically, this paper proposes an improved model based the traditional YOLOv5s algorithm, and a self-created ship dataset is also provided. To refine ship target detection, various attention mechanisms were implemented and compared, including CBAM, ECA, GAM, SimAM, and SK-Net. Through comparative analysis of the effects of these mechanisms, GAM was identified as the optimal choice. The experimental results indicate that the mean average precision (mAP) of detecting ship targets was augmented by 1.0% following the incorporation of GAM. The YOLOv5s-GAM model is therefore deemed as an effective target detection approach in enhancing the safety of ship autopilot, with potential applications in the future.


Based on working principle of pump circuit, this paper offers a design method of generator instability fault protector for AC power supply system of a certain airplane and gives the specific hardware circuit. The operating result shows that this design project is feasible and conforms to the requirements of instability protection.


Capitalist globalization is a project of market dogmatism founded on the Darwinist social philosophy of 'survival of the fittest'. In the political economy of the world with unequal nations and imperfect competition, it is a suspect of deceptive game for the developing countries. This paper is an attempt to analyze the wisdom of Malaysia's guided economic globalization strategy using the technique of log-linear pooled ordinary least square regression and related macroeconomic time series data for the period 1982-2016. The empirical results suggest that Malaysia's guided globalization strategy has been found successful in achieving most of its national macroeconomic goals. But in terms of international economic competitiveness the success has been only modest, its per capita income ratios with its two most important trading and development partners - USA and Japan - are found decreasing steadily having a catching up phenomenon along the path of income convergence. However, its per capita income gaps with them in absolute term are found still large and widening to suggest that developing countries must pursue globalization very cautiously and selectively.


The benefits' valuation of a public good is a complex procedure. Many benefits are external benefits. In other cases the perceived benefits are contingent on the individual condition or they will be perceived in a future time. A complete valuation needs a lot of information about the public good's characteristics. We introduce a variable representing the citizens' available information in the citizens-bureaucrats relationship. In a public choice perspective with bureaucrats maximizing the budget size, the paper shows that an increase of dispersion of information among citizens can reduce the bureaucracy size.


Ultra-low-power (ULP) diodes are special 2-T structures featuring a unique negative-differential resistance characteristic that can be used to build a 4-T ULP latch for flip-flop or SRAM applications. In this paper, we explore the area/mismatch tradeoff in such a ULP latch for ultra-low-voltage (ULV) SoCs in 28 nm FDSOI CMOS. We analyze the impact of transistor sizing, supply voltage and back-gate biasing to reach 6¿ robustness of the latch against mismatch while maintaining a leakage power below 10 pW. Under these constraints, the use of a genetic algorithm allows us to obtain the Pareto curve of optimal solutions between area and speed for both flip-flop and SRAM applications.


We have fabricated organic static induction transistors (SITs) using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) films. The organic SITs have a layered structure of Au (drain)/CuPc/Al (gate)/CuPc/Au (source)/glass. The electrical characteristics of SITs show that the source-drain current is controlled by the bias voltage applied to the Al gate electrode and a typical SIT operation with unsaturated current characteristics is examined. Furthermore, excellent characteristics such as low voltage and high speed operation as organic transistors are obtained by choosing an appropriate thickness for each layer.


Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) is a technology that permits the increase of capacity and performance of communications systems. In this paper, the main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and the effects of the use of SDMA on a communication system are showed. Additionally an overview of smart antenna technology is given.