Among the rice growing countries, India has largest area under rice in the world (about 44.6 mha) i.e. 28% of the world's area of production, and ranks second next to China. The share of India to the world's production is near about 22.1 percent. In Madhya Pradesh, the area under rice cultivation is 5144.6 million hectares with production of 5748.3 Million tonnes with a productivity of 1-2 t /ha (Anonymous, 2011).


BACKGROUND ABO and Rhesus (Rh)-D blood group antigens are integrated parts of the red blood cell membranes. They are hereditary characters and are useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico-legal issues and more importantly in compatibility test in blood transfusion and organ transplant practices. They show a wide geographical and racial variation. The knowledge of the distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups among different population is essential in health care and transfusion practices. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To study the distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups amongst the population of Cachar district of Barak valley of Assam. MATERIALS AND METHODS We did a retrospective analysis of records of 1,60,500 blood samples grouped for ABO and Rh-D typing at Silchar Medical College and Hospital Blood Bank, Silchar, over a period of 10 years from 1st January 1999 to 31st December 2008. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS Out of total 1,60,500 blood samples grouped for ABO and Rh-D typing during the period in the centre, the distribution of phenotype A, B, AB and O were 24.80% (39,804), 32.00% (51,360), 5.60% (8,986) and 37.60% (60,350) respectively. The Rh-D positive phenotype was 95.40% (1, 53,117) and remaining 4.60% (7,383) was Rh-D negative. The frequency of Rh-D phenotypes in the various ABO blood groups was as A Positive 23.70% (38,039), A Negative 1.10% (1,765), B Positive 30.80% (49,433), B Negative 1.20% (1,927), AB Positive 5.40% (8,665), AB Negative 0.20% (321), O Positive 35.50% (56,980) and O Negative 2.10% (3,370) respectively. DISCUSSION Silchar Medical College and Hospital Blood Bank receives blood samples for grouping of almost all population of Cachar district. Hence, the data revealed in the present study fairly reflects the prevalence of ABO and Rh-D groups distribution in the Cachar district in Barak valley of Assam.


Ray-tracing modeling of future indoor pico-cellular communication systems requires knowledge of the wall reflectivity at different incidence angles. We present THz-TDS transmission measurements of building materials from which we extract the frequency dependent reflectivity using Fresnel's equations. We verify our results comparing them to reflection measurements at selected incidence angles.


In a recent patient cohort surgically treated for pancreatic cancer, the 1987 UICC classification was applied. One-year survival served as the sole parameter for evaluating its prognostic relevance as


Both traditional lecture-based learning and problem-based learning have their own advantages as well as disadvantages.Therefore,a new learning mode which integrates the characteristics of lecture-based and problem-based learning was explored in cardiovascular field under the cooperation of Southern Medical University and Zhongshan medical school,Sun Yat-sen University.


A novel soluble bipolar conjugated Copolymer containing triphenylamine and 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, Copolymer 5, has been synthesized. This Copolymer emits blue light in solution and film. The cyclic voltammograms(CV) shows this polymer has electrons and holes transporting ability.


We investigated the feasibility of the selective oxidation of AlGaAs for a novel laser diode (LD) made of two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC). The oxidation was successfully performed in an array of small and deep air holes without any unexpected phenomenon. The oxidation extent was uniform vertically and horizontally around the air holes. It was not affected by crystallographic orientation or steam gas flow direction. Thus, there are no significant difficulties in fabricating the device structures of the proposed PC-LD by selective oxidation.


Jung divided the psychological structure into consciousness,personal unconsciousness and collective un-consciousness.He established the basic framework of his aesthetic theory through the relationship analysis of col-lective unconsciousness and the creative process,works of art,Artists,and the Libido theory in artistic creation.The spirit analysis theory founded by him has great and significant influence for Western Aesthetics and the development of art theory.


The surface scattering of free electrons strongly modifies the electromagnetic response near the interface. Due to the inherent anisotropy of the surface scattering that necessarily reverses the normal to the interface component of the electron velocity while its tangential component may remain the same, a thin layer near a high-quality interface shows strong dielectric anisotropy. The formation of the resulting hyperbolic dispersion layers near the metal-dielectric interface strongly modifies the local density of states, and leads to orders of magnitude changes in all associated phenomena.


Tetrahexahedral Pt nanocrystals (THH Pt NCs) bound by well-defined high index crystal planes offer exceptional electrocatalytic activity, owing to a high density of low-coordination surface Pt sites. We report, herein, on methanol electrooxidation at THH Pt NC electrodes studied by a combination of electrochemical techniques and in situ FTIR spectroscopy. Pure THH Pt NC surfaces readily facilitate the dissociative chemisorption of methanol leading to poisoning by strongly adsorbed CO. Decoration of the stepped surfaces by Ru adatoms increases the tolerance to poisoning and thereby reduces the onset potential for methanol oxidation by over 100 mV. The Ru modified THH Pt NCs exhibit greatly superior catalytic currents and CO2 yields in the low potential range, when compared with a commercial PtRu alloy nanoparticle catalyst. These results are of fundamental importance in terms of model nanoparticle electrocatalytic systems of stepped surfaces and also have practical significance in the development of surfac...


This paper discusses an accurate optical fiber transmission system that is used in high voltage electric power experimenting station. The system transmits signals for computer data processing. It is superior in reasnable designing, simple in structure, precise in transmission, and low in cost. It can be used in high voltage electric power area, strong current area or other rough conditions that are not suitable for the transmission of signals for computers.


The demand for child care is immense, and is growing every day. More and more two-salary families are joining the already large number of working single parents. And more and more people want to stay at home but need a steady source of income. Family day care - caring for other people's children in one's home - is often the answer to both. "Caring for Other People's Children" is a practical guide and resource manual for family day care written specifically for family day care providers. The author aims to offer everything family day care providers need to know to plan, start and run a successful day care business in the home. This 1984 book has been reissued and updated to address all of the important business and licensing issues that have arisen as the family day care industry has moved into the 1990s. The book offers detailed, easy-to-follow guidelines on: child care; planning activities; education; discipline; running a small business; first aid; nutrition; learning disabilities and much more. As well as being valuable to anyone considering starting or currently involved in running a family day care business, this book should also function as a useful text for community college courses in family day care.


Acne fulminans (AF) is an uncommon systemic form of severe acne vulgaris that is typically reported in adolescents, predominantly caucasian males between the ages of 13 and 16 with a previous history of mild to moderate inflammatory acne. In these patients, an abrupt onset of an ulceronecrotic painful form of acne in the face, upper chest, and back along with fever, systemic symptoms, and elevation of acute phase reactants are the typical manifestations of the disease (1,2). The treatment of choice is based on a combination of isotretinoin (initially in low daily doses) and systemic steroids which needs to be prolonged for several months until a maintained clinical response is achieved (3). However, several case reports have described patients who did not respond to the standard therapy and required the use of other systemic immunosuppressive drugs to control cutaneous and extracutaneous symptoms. We present the case of a 14-year-old male who experienced an acute worsening of his previously mild acne lesions on the face and trunk associated with fever and the onset of a noticeable limp and severe back pain that would not let him rest. He had a history of autism spectrum disorder diagnosed at the age of 3. In the previous months, he had been treated with several oral antibiotics for his unresponsive facial acne and isotretinoin (20 mg daily) had recently been started. Due to severe worsening of his papules and nodules into ulceronecrotic lesions, isotretinoin hat do be stopped after 7 weeks of treatment (FIG. 1). On admission to our Department, laboratory tests found normochromic and normocytic anaemia (Hb 11.6 g/dL), leukocytosis Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Enrique Rodr ıguez-Lomba, MD, Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara~ n on, C/Doctor Esquerdo, 46 – 28007 Madrid, Spain, or email: enriquerlomba@outlook. com. The contents of this manuscript have not been submitted previously and will not be copyrighted, submitted, or published elsewhere while acceptance by the Journal is under considerations.


The removal of coastal structures has emerged as an increasingly considered alternative nature-based solution to sandy coastal erosion due to unsuited structure construction. However, its effectiveness remains uncertain because the ability of natural beach recovery is unclear due to little understanding of shoreline response to the structure removal. In this study, we use a recently developed numerical model to explore the sandy shoreline recovery ability after the removal of an attached breakwater. Both recovery duration and recovery ratio are analyzed concerning various breakwater configurations and environmental settings in a simplified and generalized framework. We find that the sandy shoreline has the ability to naturally recover after breakwater removal but with different recovery durations (years to centuries) and recovery ratios (full to partial). A higher shoreline recovery ability (i.e., shorter duration and larger ratio) is related to shorter effective breakwater length, downdrift inclined breakwater direction, lower angle of wave incidence, and greater longshore sediment transport rate. We reveal that the behavior of sand spit evolution, including the extension and split of the sand spit, is the dominant mechanism for distinct shoreline recovery processes. Two simple formulas are finally proposed to preliminarily estimate shoreline recovery ability for practical purposes. The results of the present study provide new insights into coastal morphological resilience to engineering interventions.


The proposed single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) converter with energy-conservation mode (ECM) control is designed for next generation intensive care unit. The energy-conservation mode (ECM) control generates two different energy delivery paths for dual buck outputs with only one inductor. In addition, the superposition technique is used to achieve a minimized inductor current level. The average inductor current is equal to the summation of two output loads. The measurement results shows the 91% peak efficiency can be derived.


Teaching English as a foreign language is not tantamount to elaborating on syntactic structures or learning new vocabulary and expressions, but should incorporate some cultural elements which are intertwined with the language itself. The main premise of the paper is that effective communication is more than a matter of linguistic proficiency and the learner's pragmatic competence is more or less arrested by the negative cultural transfer from the mother tongue, and based on that premise, the paper analyses the reasons behind negative cultural transfer from the lexical dimension, the speech act dimension, and the psychological dimension, and concludes with a tripartite toolkit of alleviating principles respectively corresponding to the classroom instruction, the teachers, and the students.


The Pelana Field is a mature waterflood field in the Central Sumatera Basin that consists of multi-layer sands with contrasted properties. Waterflood has been applied since 1997, targeting all producing reservoirs. These layering reservoirs are challenging in achieving a good alignment in term of waterflood optimization. In multi-layer injectors, such a condition will lead to bad vertical distribution of injection, where the poorest quality sand receives the least water injected. This is a problem occurring in some injectors in the Pelana Field, where the injection is not evenly distributed vertically so that the topmost reservoir, which also has the poorest quality with permeability of around 100 md, does not receive enough injection to balance its production. Most of the injected water goes to MN_XX sand which has permeability of about 1000 md. Injector PL-55, for instance, injects into both sands to support the production from both reservoirs. However, the previous completion uses only open ended tubing and therefore, based on the spinner result, the water will be distributed naturally based on the well-to-reservoir pressure difference, being directly affected by reservoir permeability. This practice resulted in an unbalanced performance for both sands. While MN_XX has a good sweep efficiency with recovery factor (RF) increment > 8%, the BK_AA sand would has an opportunity to be optimized due to its current low incremental of RF. Side Pocket Mandrel has been chosen to resolve the vertical distribution problem in PL-55 and improve the injection rate into BK_AA sand. It is observed that the well can finally split its injection into more desirable allocation, allowing more water to flow into BK_AA sand. This paper presents the application of this technology in PL-55 well, including the technology principles, the tool design, the strategy to improve the injection distribution and the enhanced performance to the surrounding producers.


In this note we prove the existence of smooth Kummer surfaces in projective three-space containing sixteen mutually disjoint smooth rational curves of any given degree.


Goryeo, since the first meeting with the Mongols in 1218, faced an entirely different situation as before. The Darughachi is its representative example. The Darughachi figures, whose advent was a direct result of the first war between Goryeo and the Mongol forces(1231), stayed in Goryeo until 1278(4th year of King Chung'ryeol-wang's reign), and became the centerpiece of such unique situation. In previous studies, these Darughachi figures were mainly considered as entities which were installed on the Korean peninsula to interfere with Goryeo affairs or blatantly impose a dominant rule upon the Goryeo population. In an attempt to enhance the level of understanding we already have upon these figures, selectively examined in this article are the 'legal(institutional) aspects' reflected in their actions, as well as the influence they imposed upon existing Goryeo conventions. In Goryeo, the Darughachi figures officially represented the authorities of the Mongol imperial government. By design, they produced and processed official documents, and were also called as the 'office.' There were also 'Vice' Darughachi figures and registrar "Ching-li" officials posted alongside them. Their general term was 30 months, and their performance was duly evaluated and published in Hae'yu documents. Their mission was not as much as governing 'conquered territories' but to maintain public security, monitor the population, and involve themselves in roadways and penal administration, as they did in Goryeo in the 1270s. These were the same missions the Darughachi figures were involved in inside the Mongol empire as well, as confirmed by examination of relevant Mongol legal codes. We can see that the Darughachi figures in Goryeo operated in the same fashion they did inside the Empire. The Darughachi figures were part of the Mongol Imperial governmental structure, and the Goryeo figures, including the king and the ruling class, with knowledge and information obtained from their interactions with these Darughachi figures, continued to adopt the Keshig institution while also asking for the Grand Councilor post of the Branch Secretariat for the Eastern Campaigns "Jeongdong Haengseong" provincial government that was soon to be installed in Goryeo. The Darughachi figures did serve as a channel through which Goryeo people experienced Mongol institutions and practices.


ABSTRACT Team psychological safety is critical to team learning. When a team feels safe to talk about difficult issues and each team member feels comfortable to express feelings and ideas, the team continuously learns and improves its performance. Amy Edmondson identified team psychological safety in 1999 as a key to high-performance teams, and Google confirmed this in an internal research project in 2015. A lot has been written about team psychological safety, but very few research or experiences demonstrate how to increase the level of psychological safety in a team. The author has measured psychological safety in a team before and after a series of action learning sessions. The results are very encouraging: action learning increases the average level of psychological safety in the team and reduces the dispersion in team members' evaluation of team psychological safety. A test was made to verify if the mere dynamic of team members participating in a facilitated workshop would have the same impact on the level of psychological safety, but this was not the case. It can therefore be concluded that action learning has a significant impact on team psychological safety and helps a team move toward high-performance.


Jacques Rancière rose to prominence in the English-speaking art world in 2004 with the translation of his pamphlet The Politics of Aesthetics. The Future of the Image is his latest book to appear in English, having originally been published in France in 2003. A significant aspect of Rancière's appeal has been his ability to engage with contemporary art, and in this sense the title of the book is potentially misleading. Those expecting Rancière to follow his articles and reviews from the biennial circuit with a book-length treatment on the trajectories of the global art scene will be disappointed. With the exception of some passages in the first chapter, Godard is one of the few living artists to be discussed substantially and those referenced are mostly from the modernist canon: figures like Mallarmé, Duchamp, and Flaubert.


The hemodynamics and oxygen saturation status of vascular are very important biomarkers for disease, such as brain glioma tumor and ischemia-reperfusion ulcer. Therefore, a high spatial resolution imaging tool for vascular imaging is demanded. Conventional optical imaging modalities, including confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy, require external contrast agent to image blood vessels and are not sensitive to oxygen saturation. The development of photoacoustic microscopy provides a contrast-free, high-spatial resolution and functional vascular imaging tool. It's gaining more and more popularity in biomedical research. In this paper, we introduce a dual-wavelength opticalresolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) system for functional imaging of vasculature. This system has demonstrated its application in brain glioma tumor imaging, as well as skin ischemia-reperfusion imaging.


Indoor location estimation system based on existing 802.11 signal strength is becoming increasingly prevalent in the area of mobility and ubiquity. The user-based location determination system utilizes the information of the Signal Strength (SS) received from the surrounding Access Points (APs) to determine the user position. In this paper, we focus on the development of a user position estimation using existing WiFi environment for its low cost and ease of deployment and study fingerprint-based deterministic techniques for their simplicity and effectiveness. We present the color radio map interpolation method with ease to development, reduce the calibration effort on creating radio map while still retain the accuracy of user position estimation. The average accuracy error 1.108 meter is achieved on 1.25 meter x 2.5 meter of cell grid size.


Collecting and storing the image data from the video by means of invoking VFW component.Implement filter in variable field with the image through file and data-stream operation function which is supported by .Net Framework.Specify the format of BMP file for read the data correctly.


Abstract : This report is principally concerned with the use of the triple correlation function and its Fourier transform, the bispectrum, for the imaging of randomly translating objects or objects viewed through atmospheric turbulence. The triple correlation has significant advantages over the second order correlation, although it does involve additional computational complexity. Specific consideration is given to algorithms for computing the triple correlation, the use of a moving time window and centroiding procedures. Keywords: Triple correlation; Bispectrum; Atmospheric turbulence; Image processing; Photon correlation.


Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of research related with unmarried mother. Method: 81 theses about unmarried mother from 1972 to 2003 were analyzed according to the theses' characteristics, sources by publication period, research design, nursing intervention effect of exp...


This paper refines some results of Barwise [1] as well as answering the open question posed at the end of [1] about the Hanf number of positively. We conclude by showing that the existence of a Hanf bound for cannot be proved in the natural formally intuitionistic set theories with bounded predicates decidable of [3], [4] and [5]. All notation not explained below is taken from [1]. In the Appendix, we give the axioms of ZF0, ZF1, and T in full. We remark that an important point about the axiom of foundation was not emphasized in [1]. This axiom was intended to be the axiom scheme (∀x)((∀y ∈ x)(A(y)) → A(x)) → (∀x)(A(x)), where y does not occur in A = A(x), instead of the more customary (∀x)(∀y)(y ∈ x → (∃z ∈ x)(∀w ∈ z) (w ∉ x)). This is of no consequence in the presence of full separation, but is vital when considering ZF0 and the T below, for with the customary form of foundation, these cannot even prove the existence of Rω+ω . In [1], a proof of the following is sketched.


Douglas-fir specimens matched to specimens previously tested under sustained constant bending loads were subjected to two different repeated load cycle tests to evaluate the effect of repeated bending loads on load duration of lumber. There was no clear evidence that repeated loading gave different results than sustained constant loading.


This article focuses on ADA advocacy in the courts. As these cases illustrate, organized dentistry's relationship can be adversial when cooperation fails. But that doesn't mean there is no room for agreement.


This paper argues that there is a need, in southern Africa, to develop in-depth understanding in educational reform initiatives. Through ongoing reflexive development of a professional development programme in environmental education, we have found that case-study methodology, which emphasizes context-dependent knowledge, is significant for learning about environmental and sustainability education in higher education. We draw on the case of the Gold Fields participatory certificate course programme, developed over a 10-year period in southern Africa and describe how use of a nested approach to case-study methodology in the context of this initiative has assisted us to learn from these cases, and grapple with key issues of relevance to our practice. We describe how a nested approach to case-study research has informed theory and practice in environmental education professional development, attesting to the value of context-dependent knowledge. Paradoxically, this approach to research has also resulted in increased tensions associated with the transfer of case learning within the broader institutional frameworks of higher education.


Magnetic resonance (CIDNP and/or ESR) data as well as ab-initio calculations have established three distinct structure types for radical cations derived from 1,5-hexadiene sytems: a) "dissociative" radical cations (e.g. 1) containing two separate allylic moieties; b) cyclohexane-l,4-diyl radical cations (e.g. 6) in a chair conformation, the apparent products of "arrested" 1,6-cycloadditions; and c) several bridged cyclooctadiene-diyl structures (boat conformers, e.g., 2 or 3). The third radical cation type can be viewed, formally, as a cyclic conjugated "bis-homo-cyclohexatriene" structure with 5 electrons; however, the degree of interaction between the two allylic moieties appears to be quite small. The three radical cation types are striking examples of fundamental structure changes upon one-electron oxidation in systems combining and donor functions. In general, significant differences can be expected for the potential surfaces of radical cations and their neutral diamagnetic precursors.


Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Guangxi from 1993 to 2002 and develop preventive measures.Methods Data from regular case reporting system and laboratory records in this 10 years were analyzed.Results A total of 47 305 typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases were reported in Guangxi this 10 years. Average annual incidence was 10.27/100 000. The highest age specific incidence was in aged 15-19 (14 50/100 000). The incidence of male was higher than that of female. The average annual case fatality rate was 0.10%. Peasant cases accounted for 41.09% and majority cases (51 99%) were found in Guilin city. The peak of case onset was from June to October accounted for 61.56%. A total of 22 outbreaks were reported in this 10 years and most outbreaks occurred in rural middle schools and suburban colleges. The epidemic was spreading from Guilin city to other areas. 216 strains isolated from 1994 to 1998 were S. Typhi. Whereas 92.64% (630/680) isolates were S.Paratyphi A after 1999. The sensitivity rates of both S. typhi and paratyphi A to norfloxacin and chloramphenicol were over 90%, whilst 25% and 77% to sulfamethoxazole respectively. The major epidemic factors were poor water supply and non proper sewerage system in countryside, delayed case reporting, misdiagnosis, poor sanitation in campuses and insufficient case management. Conclusion In the past decade, incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever remained high in Guangxi. The predominance strains shifted from S.Typhi to S.Paratyphi.


Chemyon in Confucian societies has been considered as the social face having an influence on an individual's behavior and interpersonal relationships. However, few studies have investigated its psychological structure and processes. The present study developed a Chemyon-Oriented Behaviors Scale, measuring individual differences in proclivity for doing chemyon-oriented behaviors and examined the dimensions of chemyon. Data collected from Korean undergraduate students indicate that the Chemyon-Oriented Behaviors Scale is internally consistent and valid. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrates that chemyon- oriented behaviors consist of two distinct components: constructive and defensive, and that the two components are significantly correlated. Conceptual differences between chemyon and the social face in Western culture are discussed. Cross-cultural studies of investigating a universal theory of chemyon are proposed for future study.


Chrome-free and anti-corrosive pigment mixture with less zinc, comprises at least one calcium hydrogen phosphate pigment (30-60 wt.%), at least one amorphous (15-45 wt.%), modified calcium silicon dioxide, at least one calcium boron silicate pigment (5-25 wt.%) and at least one zinc salt (1-15 wt.%) of an organic nitro compound with the zinc content of up to 10 wt.%. Independent claims are included for: (1) the preparation of anti-corrosive pigment mixture; and (2) use of the anti-corrosive pigment mixture for production of hardening materials.


Automotive radar is a class of important and necessary sensor for Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) due to its recognized advantages of small size, low hardware cost, all-weather working, high-resolution and etc. However, the limitation of low angular resolution with low imaging performance can hardly satisfy the need of next-stage ADAS. The emerging 4D imaging radar (4D-radar), adopting the multi-chip cascaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, can achieve high resolution in the azimuth and elevation dimensions with providing high-quality three-dimensional point clouds images. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed by integrating the high-resolution MIMO radar point clouds imaging and processing. First, we have symmetrically studied the MIMO radar technologies, classing into three main modes, TDM-MIMO, Phase coding MIMO, DDM-MIMO. In particular, we have designed a mixed TDM-DDM-MIMO framework for point clouds imaging. Finally, the experimental analysis of the simulation is provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposal.


By the methods of system dynamics, a model prediction of the potential of cleaner production (PCP) in Liao River Basin was constructed, and the dynamic trend of PCP in Liao River Basin was simulated by using this model. It was predicted that under the conditions of maintaining present development schemes, the CPC in Liao River Basin in 2000-2020 would be increased year by year. The result showed that selected 2007 as the base year, with the cleaner production, the emission of COD and NH3-N would be reduced 10.7% and 13.6% respectively in 2010. The emissions of these would be reduced 26.6% and 35.0% in 2015, 40.5% and 54.6% in 2020. Cleaner production had obvious effect on water saving and emission reduction in Liao River Basin.


In this research, effect of temperature and calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio of raw materials on the type and the amounts of formed phases were investigated by solid state method. Calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate were provided as raw materials and mixed with different percentages in a way that final (Ca/P) ratio was between 1.50 to 1.67 in different batches. Then each of these mixtures was heated at temperatures of 800 to 1200 ° C for 3 hours. Phases were identified with XRD technique and quantitative assessment of phases was evaluated by RIR method and Chung relation. Results showed that in all relations and desired temperatures sintered below 1100 ° C beta tri-calcium phosphate is the dominant phase and hydroxyapatite present as second phase in the composition. In samples which sintered at 1200° C, beta TCP is transferred significantly to alpha TCP. In samples with Ca/p ratio: 1.62, 1.67, hydroxyapatite is dominant phase at 1200° C.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of large number of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing and processing by using the computational power. Object tracking is one of the important applications in WSN.Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is the most widely used method for object tracking and Kalman filter for estimating the state of the object. Tracking is difficult because sensors have to be send data to the head sensor from other sensors with same time instants. Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is used to solve the data association problem but it gives localization error. In this paper, a new approach probability based estimation model is proposed to provide superior performance in combination with Kalman Filter (KF). INDEXTERMS: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs, Object Tracking, Extended Kalman Filter, Kalman Filter, Bayesian estimation model.


Background: Newbouldia laevis Seem. (Bignoniaceae) is a woody tropical plant employed by traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) in Nigeria in the treatment of various disease conditions, including central nervous system disorders. Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant, sedative-hypnotic, muscle relaxant and in-vitro antioxidant activities of the hydroethanol leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis (HNL). Materials and Methods: HNL (25–200 mg/kg, p.o.), distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.) or diazepam (3 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered 1 h before strychnine or picrotoxin-induced seizure, thiopentone-induced hypnotic, inclined plane and traction tests in mice. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of HNL was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, hydrogen-peroxide scavenging, lipid peroxidation and reducing power assays. The total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and total flavonoids were also determined. Results: In the picrotoxin-induced convulsion test, HNL (100 mg/kg) increased the latency (p<0.05) and decreased the duration (p<0.001) of seizure. The extract was not effective in the strychnine-induced convulsion test. The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg signigicantly increased the latency (p<0.001, 0.05 respectively) but not duration of sleep in the thiopentone-induced hypnosis test. In the inclined screen model, the extract at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the post-treatment sliding latency (p<0.05) compared to the pre-treatment value. The total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and total flavonoids were 42.65±0.16, 44.49±0.15 and 23.61±0.18 mg/100 g of standards equivalent respectively. HNL in a concentration-dependent manner scavenged reactive species in the in-vitro antioxidant tests. Conclusion: The findings in this study showed that HNL possesses anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and antioxidant activities. This confirms the beneficial property of the extract in the treatment of seizures.


This article analyzes Risk management (RM) activities against different ISO standards. The aim is to improve the coordination and interoperability of risk management activities in IT, IT services management, quality management, project management, and information security management. The ISO 31000: 2018 standard was chosen as a structured input for ISO 20000-1: 2018, ISO 21500: 2021, ISO 27000: 2018, ISO 9001: 2015 and ISO Annex SL standards relative to RM. The PDCA cycle has been chosen as one of the main methods for planning, implementing, and improving quality management systems and their processes. For a management system to be more effective, more reliable, and capable of preventing negative results, it must deal with the possible resulting risks.


List of Contributors. 1. Philosophya s Tutelage of Social Theory: A Parody of Profundity? Alan Sica (Pennsylvania State University). 2. Mapping Postmodern Theory: Robert J. Antonio (University of Kansas). 3. A Thesaurus of Experience: Maurice Natanson, Phenomenology and Social Theory: Mary F. Rogers (University of West Florida). 4. A Social Epistemology of the Structure--Agency Craze: From Content to Context: Steve Fuller (University of Durham). 5. Making Normative Soup with Non--normative Bones: Stephen Turner (University of South Florida). 6. Criteria for a Theory of Knowledge: Jennifer Croissant (University of Arizona). 7. Examples, Submerged Statements and the Neglected Application of Philosophy to Social Theory: Stanley Lieberson (Harvard University). 8. Loosening the Chains of Philosophical Reductionism: Steven Rytina (McGill University). 9. Social Order and Emergent Rationality: Michael Macy (Cornell University). 10. Theoretical Models: Sociologya s Missing Links: John Skvoretz (University of South Carolina). 11. Sociological Models: Paul Humphreys (University of Virginia). 12. Culture and Social Structure: Peter Blau (University of North Carolina/Chapel Hill). Name Index. Subject Index.


This article aims to analyze the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant, located in Altamira PA, Amazon region in Brazil, from the perspective of ecology-world. For the development of this study, the relationship of the State with regard to functional configurations and criticisms in the context of environmental policy decisions is presented, especially with regard to major infrastructure works, as in the case of the Belo Monte plant, as well as its environmental, social and economic impacts. It deals with the theme of nature in organizations, referring to sustainability, anthropocene, capitalocene, ecology-world and the strategies of embarrassment of nature, energy, and life. The methodological procedures were supported by documentary research, through a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of the analysis showed that the conditions imposed by the State only promoted the mitigation of the irreversible consequences that the great work caused, forever changing the way of life of these communities.


In this paper we study an inverse boundary value problem with an unknown timedependent coefficient for a third-order pseudo-hyperbolic equation with an additional integral condition. The definition of the classical solution of the problem is given. The essence of the problem is that it is required together with the solution to determine the unknown coefficient. The problem is considered in a rectangular area. When solving the original inverse boundary value problem, the transition from the original inverse problem to some auxiliary inverse problem is carried out. The existence and uniqueness of a solution to an auxiliary problem are proved with the help of contracted mappings. Then the transition to the original inverse problem is again made, as a result, a conclusion is made about the solvability of the original inverse problem.


Oil well drilling is a highly complex process that leads to routine drilling operational problems. A drilling problem is any occurrence or condition that stands in the way of well objectives. It could involve anything from weather to transportation delays to blowouts. This paper concentrate on problems that occur as part of the drilling process itself and possible way to reduce such problems. A comprehensive, thoroughly researched well plan is our best defense against drilling problems. In order to minimise some of these problems, an extensive study was carried out on different drilling problems cases. An important problem in drilling is hole cleaning, in which a high number of observed parameters and other features are involved. This paper aimed to determine the basic problem associated with the drilling process of poor hole cleaning and create a simplified way based on drilling literature to optimize the drilling process acording to the total drilling costs for a set of given conditions and moreover, to identify the optimal controlled variables for the drilling process. Drilling optimization involves using available resources to minimize overall cost, subject to safety and well completion requirements. Part of this, of course, entails preventing or successfully solving hole problems. Conclusively, after an extensive literature search was performed, covering the drilling process and the challenges involved. The optimization of the drilling process was analyzed separately for the active drilling operations and pipe connections and drilling trips. The result shows that many parameters are involved in the drilling process, and deviation of one factor may lead to hole cleaning issues and other problematic situations, the time spent during pipe connection- and drilling trip procedures is identified as an important factor in the optimization of the drilling process. The constraints on the bottom hole pressure and mud circulation rate were active at the optimum but removed from further analysis when the bottom hole pressure was controlled by the choke pressure, while the main mud pump flow rate was kept constant. For single measurement controlled variables, the results show that it is optimal to control the topdrive power by manipulating the drill string rotational speed, and keep the weight on bit (WOB) constant. Combination of several measurements will give a minimum loss, with an increase in the complexity of the control structure.


In this present study, molecular dynamics simulation of creep for ultrafine grain NC Ni specimens with different grain sizes have been carried out under a constant 1 GPa applied load for various creep temperatures to study the dependence of grain growth on creep temperature and grain size during creep process and its influence on creep properties. It is observed that the extent of grain growth in ultrafine grain NC Ni during creep deformation process is more if creep in creep temperature is higher. A noteworthy anomaly, that is NC Ni with smaller grain exhibits better creep property compared to NC Ni with larger grain, is observed in case of higher creep temperatures (i.e. around or greater than 1400K).


A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of support systems (0, 1, and 2-m height) on nodulation, nitrogenase activity, accumulation and partitioning of total nitrogen (N) and seed yield of a local cultivar of winged bean (Psphocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC) Plants grown with 2-m supports produced substantial nodule mass, the highest rate of nitrogen fixation, increased nitrogen accumulation of the plant, and seed yield compared to those grown with 2-m supports and unsupported plants Nitrogenase activities increased and reached a peak at the onset of flowering i.e. 70 days of growth (D70) but declined during the pod formation stage in plants grown with a support system. On the contrary, unsupported control plants recorded a peak nitrogenase activities 14 days before flowering The descending order of total plant nitrogen accumulation at D140 was plants with 2-m supports (6 30 g N plant-1) > those with 1-m supports (4.06 g N plant-1) > control plants (2.10 g N plant-1), reflecting the beneficial effect of support systems on N9 fixation as mentioned earlier Supported plants contributed significantly higher leaf N at the vegetative stage Consequently, seed N was also significantly higher than in unsupported plants. There was a seven-fold increase in seed yield for plants grown on 2-m supports compared with unsupported plants. The beneficial effects of08-Jan-2015 yield of winged bean are discussed.


Antenna is simultaneously resonant at 8.75 MHz, 11.825 MHz, and 20.562 MHz. It provides a near-field radiator which has a constant current distribution across its radiating elements for each of the resonant frequencies.


ENSO has huge influence on precipitation in east Asia. This paper investigated the impact of different ENSO regimes on rainy-season precipitation in China at the developing and decaying phases, and it also explored the possible physical mechanism of precipitation change from the large-scale atmospheric circulation aspect. It will contribute important new knowledge to the study of the spatiotemporal rainy-season precipitation variability in China under different ENSO types. There are significant opportunities for improving the paper, which are presented as the following points:


According to present situation of the training for the peasants newly purchasing machinery, the causes were analyzed from the aspects of the peasants newly purchasing machinery and agricultural machinery training institutions, in allusion to the difficulties in the training for the peasants newly purchasing machinery,measures direct at improving the agricultural machinery training work in country were put forward.


The study of seated balance, specifically in relation to wheelchair propulsion has the potential to lead to the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries. To date little study has been done which analyzes the activity of abdominal and back muscles in relation to postural behavior and balance during sitting balance. In this pilot study, the effect of motorized rotational roll movement was analyzed on two subjects with and without visuals in both directions of the individuals. The corresponding muscle activity was recorded by surface electromyography (EMG) in the presence and absence of visual scenery. An assessment of how muscle activity was affected by virtual reality was also conducted, and motion sickness during paired visual input with motion was also examined. The results showed that the dominant factors in abdominal muscle activity were the acceleration and speed of rotational motion and an increase of 20.8% in muscle activity was observed. The results also suggested that motion of the subject with respect to visual display had an inhibitory effect on the motion perception. The findings also suggested that visual scenery during rotational motion had a small effect on the subjects (4.2%), which was possibly caused by placing focus away from maintaining balance. Finally, the study confirmed that the duration of motion with visuals was a major contributor to motion sickness.


The invention discloses a multimedia storage method and a multimedia storage device based on a data block. The multimedia storage method comprises the steps: unloading a data content of a file to be written to a cached current idle data block; and when the data block is full, unloading the data content which is not unloaded in the file to be written to the next cached idle data block, and writing the full data block into a disc. With the adoption of the multimedia storage method and the multimedia storage device based on the data block, writing operation is performed on the disc based on the data block, thereby data damage caused by insufficient storage space of the disc or power failure and disconnection of a network and the like is effectively prevented, the reliability of data storage is effectively improved, and shift of a magnetic arm can be effectively reduced and the service life of the disc is prolonged.


Android is most popular OS for smart phones, tablets and it holds almost 79% market share in global device market. Everyone having website wants to have equivalent smartphone (Android, iOS, Windows phone etc.) apps because more and more people are using smart phone and tablets these days. Having smart phones apps for business is necessary so that they can reach to large audience. This paper concentrates on the survey that I've covered for web applications and android app, what are the features and the tools required to build an android application.


Speaking is productively skill because it can create many words continuously go on. some students want to speak in a certain condition or stimuli. An event when the students express freely what the are feeling in front of the class without being shy to his/her friends. Of course it is not far from teacher' role, how the teacher make his/her students become active in the class.So that's why teacher role in this case is ultimate to create an active and creative students. Something that makes the role of teachet is important is if a teacher takes and play his/her role well applied un the class, it will indirectly motivate the students to show their ability up in front of the class and it will affect when the students are in public society.
The research showed that teacher role is ultimate in education due to make a class comfort either for the students or for the teacher to reach educational purposes. Additionally, The teacher played the role in the class more namely as Learning Manager role that applied in the class. The reasons are to make students fell comfort in joining the class, to make the students build their confidence up in order to be able to speak English, etc. Based on the result above, it is suggested for the English teacher to select the approppriate roles needed by the students. Teacher may combine or use more than one role in one subject. Then, teacher should pay attention to the students development in terms of students' speaking ability and have something which challege or treats the students more to speak such as using game or role play.
Key Word : Teacher's Role, Principles of teaching and Speaking


Introduction: Great success has been reported with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the treatment of complex bacterial diseases, yet new and recurring bacterial infections continue to pose significant challenges to global health care. Objective: To review the literature on the antimicrobial and antibiotic activity of zinc oxide, gold, silver, and chitosan nanoparticles. Methodology: In this article, important literature on the antimicrobial and antibiotic activity of endodontic nanoparticles is reviewed through a comprehensive search in the PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles do not offer significant improvements when compared to conventional or non-nanometric materials, gold nanoparticles lack clinical applications and their effectiveness is lower than silver nanoparticles. The best options are silver and chitosan nanoparticles due to their low required concentrations and results. Conclusion: Silver and chitosan nanoparticles are the best options for use in endodontic treatment because they demonstrate better antimicrobial and antibiotic film results. Research with AgNP's provides us with its usefulness in the application of sealing cements and intraconduct medicines, while chitosan nanoparticles offer advantages in healing.


A data converting apparatus includes a storage unit that stores encoded meta-definition information, a data converting function, a conversion rule table, and a conversion rule; an input unit that receives input of data to be converted; a detecting unit that uses the encoded meta-definition information to detect metadata codes for a conversion source and a conversion destination for which the conversion rule code matches; a determining unit that determines whether the detected metadata codes match; a specifying unit that, by referring to a conversion rule and based on the determination result at the determining unit, specifies the data converting function, according to the combination of the metadata codes for the conversion source and for the conversion destination; and a converting unit that uses the specified data converting function to convert the data of the conversion source to have a property prescribed by metadata for the conversion destination.


The impact of different planting methods on Bidan 15 were studied.The results showed that the difference of planting methods could lead the yield,fruit character,plant character,root department,leaf area and the ability of keep leaf green different.Planting corn by wide and narrow double-line monoclonal was the best.Its yield effect was better than direct seeding and other planting methods.


When planning to equip a graphic design company, one must choose between two competitive operating systems in the market - the Microsoft Windows OS and the Apple OS, including the corresponding hardware available. The decision is usually clouded by a sea of doubt regarding some important factors; the cost-effectiveness, an increase of competitiveness, as well as recognition of a company's prestige. Of course the human factor related to the usability of a single computer shouldn't be ignored. With this paper we aim to display results of a research focused on the concrete data processing speed and using various graphic applications, thus suggesting the better choice of the two systems. Researches and measurements undertaken prior to ours lose their relevance due to the formerly present difference in the CPU type used by Macintosh computers. By switching to the Intel processors a legal native installation of Microsoft Windows OS to an Apple computer was enabled, giving us an opportunity of having two separately installed and independent operating systems on a single computer. Therefore, we are given an opportunity to use a single hardware environment and undertake measurements of various assignments' completion speed while using the same graphic applications on both systems.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of consumer behavior on their decision making both partially and simultaneously in determining the Tourism Destination to Hulu Sungai Tengah District. The results of this study can provide input for stakeholders in decision making to advance tourism in Hulu Sungai Tengah, in this case, can help increase the number of tourist visits in Hulu Sungai Tengah.. Simultaneously / thoroughly independent variables which include Cultural Factor Variables (X1), Social Factor Variables (X2), Personal Factor Variables (X3), and Psychological Factor Variables (X4) simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer decision making in determining Tourism Visits (Y ) in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. The test results show that F count is greater than F table (F count = 267,457> F table = 3.81). Adjusted R Square equal to 0.965, which means that the independent variable has a contribution variance of 96.5% to the dependent variable, while the remaining 3.5% is given by other variables not included in this study.


I am bringing an error of omission to your attention which appeared in the May issue of the AAP News. In an otherwise excellent article on organ donation, a quote from a 1992 AAP Annual Chapter Forum was presented in the last paragraph. This reference was restricted to liver, kidney and bone marrow transplantations. I am the medical director of one of two large pediatric lung transplant programs in the country and my colleagues in the considerably bigger, and more experienced, heart transplant programs in the country would want you to know that pediatricians need to be aware of the need for heart and lung organ donors, in addition to liver and kidney. This is not an academic matter.


Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is self-organizing, infrastructureless, multi-hop network. The wireless and distributed nature of MANETs and the very bad security environment in battlefield bring a great challenge to securing tactical mobile ad hoc networks. Most schemes proposed recently focus on specific security areas, such as establishing trust infrastructure, securing routing protocols, or intrusion detection and response. Few of the previous work proposes security solutions from a system architectural view. In this paper, we propose security architecture for tactical mobile ad hoc networks, which is layered as network model, trust model and security operations. Three main security technologies applied in this architecture and relationships among them are analyzed in detail.


Since IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) 4 is based on the representation of 3D elements for an architecture project, and does not define standardized shapes for civil projects such as roads, bridges, and tunnels etc, it has limitations in securing interoperability for exchanging a shape information model for the civil projects. Besides, since road facilities have a linear reference, which is modeled along the center alignment, it is difficult the designers to create a standardized 3D road model. The aim of this study is to configure structure elements and their attribute for a road in the perspective of 3D design for developing a shape information model for the road. To solve these issues, this study analyzes the design documents, which consist of a road design handbook, guide, specifications and standards, and then extract shape elements and their attributes of road structures. Such shape elements are defined as an entity item and we review a hierarchical structure of a road shape defined by a virtual road model. The detailed elements and their attributes can be utilized as a 3D shape information model for constructing BIM (Building Information Modeling) environment for Infrastructures. Besides, it is expected that the suggested items will be utilized as a base data for extending to IFC for a road subdividing the detailed shapes, types and attributes for road projects.


Construction of realistic geologic and simulation models of subsurface reservoirs requires data on the geometry and continuity of flow units, baffles, and barriers. These parameters commonly are constrained by log, core, seismic, and production data. In many cases, however, data are of low spatial resolution and so other techniques are needed to predict subsurface heterogeneity. Analysis of modern analogs is one of the few means by which high-resolution spatial complexity of depositional systems can be described. This study integrated remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and carbonate sedimentology to characterize and analyze the morphology of part of the modern tidal flats of northwest Andros Island in the Bahamas (the Three Creeks area). The fundamental input data are a Landsat TM image that has been classified to create a thematic map of eight spectrally distinct classes (Figure 1). By explicit comparison among the thematic map, aerial photographs and previously published work, each class has been interpreted to represent a distinct tidal flat subenvironment such as adjacent marine, exposed levee/beach ridge, pond, and algal marsh. The spatial statistics of the digital thematic map subsequently were analyzed to characterize the patterns of sediment accumulations. The quantitative analysis highlights several interesting results concerning facies character and distribution, including: 1) of the eight mapped subenvironments, class 3 (low algal marsh) is most widespread, including 27.5% of the area, whereas class 8 (exposed levee/beach ridge) is the least widespread, accounting for 10% of the area; 2) different classes have different mean size, ranging from 1.91 HA (class 4 – shallow pond) to 5.50 HA (class 5 – marginal algal marsh or crown) (Figure 2a); 3) different classes have different shape complexities (SqP), with class 3 (low algal marsh) being the least complex and class 8 (exposed levee/beach ridge) being the most complex (Figure 2b); 4) classes with more ordered lateral transitions (lower entropy) are generally characterized by more complex shapes; and 5) mean area for each facies can be predicted (R=0.78; RMSE = 0.99) using geologically measurable parameters (Figure 3). The aerial extent of sediment accumulations on the tidal flat exhibit an exponential frequency distribution (Figure 2c), consistent with a model of stochastic control. Markov chain analysis of lateral transitions between different classes, however, suggests that the tidal flat is a highly ordered system (chi-squared value of 55489, extremely high compared to the chi-squared of 77 that is significant at p = 0.0005), in distinct contrast with the vertical patterns of similar facies in ancient analogs that may be statistically disordered or only marginally non-random. Similarly, shape complexity is not randomly distributed among classes. These results are inconsistent with models that suggest that tidal flat subenvironments are randomly distributed (e.g., a 'facies mosaic') or that peritidal facies successions are the result of a migrating complex of these subenvironments. Instead, the disorder in facies patterns in ancient successions may actually reflect the influence of mechanisms external to the sedimentary system or the processes inherent to means by which sediments are preserved. These data represent the first systematic analysis of the spatial heterogeneity in a modern carbonate depositional system. The quantitative measures of facies dimensions and facies shapes can be used for assessment of expected heterogeneity, or 'noise,' of sedimentary systems due solely to the nature of sedimentary deposits themselves. Similarly, these kinds of metrics are essential for predicting facies architecture in subsurface analogs in which lateral relationships cannot be observed directly.


In order to deal with the problems of formaldehyde pollution, experimental research on removal of formaldehyde with discharge plasma was conducted in this paper. The effects of experimental conditions of electric field intensity, gas flow rate, initial concentration, fillings on removal efficiency of formaldehyde were investigated. The results show that the removal efficiency of formaldehyde increases with the increase of electric field intensity, and decreases with the increase of gas flow rate and intake concentration. Under high electric field, the reactor with fillings has higher efficiency than the reactor without fillings.


The utility model discloses an auxiliary mold guiding positioning structure. The auxiliary mold guiding positioning structure comprises a movable module and a fixed module which are mounted on a movable mold plate and a fixed mold plate respectively for matched positioning, wherein a positioning structure is correspondingly arranged on side surfaces of the movable mold plate and the fixed mold plate and comprises a male positioning block and a female positioning block which are connected and matched with the mold plates through inclined surfaces and screws, and the male positioning block and the female positioning block are fixed with the movable mold plate and the fixed mold plate respectively. With the adoption of the manner, accurate guiding positioning of an upper mold and a lower mold can be realized in the injection molding process before mold cores and mold cavities are contacted, the abrasion and the damage of the mold cores are prevented, and the auxiliary mold guiding positioning structure can guarantee accurate mold closing of molds, so that the defects that the molding precision is reduced, the service lives of the molds are shortened and the like due to insufficient guiding positioning under the conditions that the mold sizes are larger, the mold shapes are complicated or the lateral pressure is larger are overcome.


Biodegradable polymers have great number of applications in modern reconstructive medicine and orthopaedics. One of them is manufacturing of tissue engineering scaffolds, which are potential analogues of bone grafts. Bone scaffolds are commonly used to support reconstruction of tissue losses caused by injury or disease. The main goal of using the tissue engineered scaffolds is to maintain the mechanical function of injured tissue. Bone scaffolds are made as porous structures with interconnected pores. During the regenerative process implanted scaffold is subjected to degradation. Polymer matrix should be replaced by regenerated tissue. It is crucial to predict the degradation behaviour of biopolymer because of fact that its mechanical properties are function of its degradation properties. In the paper numerical model of aliphatic polyester degradation in aqueous medium are presented and adopted for prediction of degradation behaviour of bone scaffolds.


Proceedings B continues to maintain its strong reputation as one of the leading organismal biology journals in the world. During 2016, we upheld our practice of rapid publication of high quality articles that are of broad interest in the biological sciences. This year, articles took on average 78


65 of about 80 coal mine spoils north of Wettin were investigated and classified according to their vegetation in 1998. It was decided between woody vegetation and vegetation of open sites. The woody vegetationwas classified as following: Stands of Cerasus avium!C. mahaleb, Roso-Ulmetum, Fraxinus excelsior- and Quercus robur Stands, Pruno-Sambucetum nigrae and Robinia pseudoacacia stands. In several cases a certain classification into described syntaxa is not possible because of the dominance of one and/or the Iack of characteristic species of certain communities. Because of a rather homogeneaus age structure of the Robinia trees and their occurrence without or with even a few other woody tree species it can be concluded, that these stands were planted. The vegetation of open sites can be classified into the following stand types: vegetation poor sites (steep slopes), cryptogame rich dry grassland communities, dominant stands of Festuca rupicola, Arrhentherum elatius, Elytrigia repens, Avenella .flexuosa and Melica transsylvanica. 153 species of vascular plants, 40 of them woody ones, as weil as 16 moss, 1 liverwort and 16 Iichen species were found on the coal mine spoiles investigated. According to their ecologically preferred stands the following groups of vascular plants can be distinguished: woody species, weeds, ruderal, dry and semi dry grass1and, and forest species. The number of vascular species and the size of the coal mine spoils are positively correlated. Robinia stands contain less species despite their !arger mean size. A correlation between species number and area does not exist in these cases. Different old stages of vegetation succession are not obvious in princip1e on the spoil mines, excepting the Robinia stands. Moreover, there are no differences between the woody vegetation of the spoil mines and that of adjacent stands, which do not grow on spoil mines. Thus it is assumed, that the present vegetation represents the final succession stage under present human influence. It is difficult to calculate, how long this process took, because of only vague information about the end of the use of the tunnels and spoil mounds. However, 240 years is the maximum period. The coal spoil mines are partly interesting concerning their floristic and vegetation inventory of cryptogams. Moreover they contribute to an enrichment of the countryside north of Wettin ecologically as well as seen from the aspect of Iandscape diversity and industry history.


As the electricity industry becomes increasingly competitive, knowledge concerning the capacity, constraints and reliability of the electric system will become a commodity of great value. Electricity markets can be fast changing; understanding the implications of these changes before others can give an important competitive advantage. Power systems, however, are characterized by extremely large sets of data that cover spatial, temporal and contingent dimensions.Therefore, the focus of this mini-track is on the management of the information associated with power markets and power systems. This year there were four accepted papers. The first paper, ?A virtual environment for protective relaying evaluation and testing? addresses the important issue of visualization of the power relaying systems using an interactive 3D approach. In electrical power, systems the relays are charged with protecting the electrical system from potentially catastrophic disturbances. For example, when lightning strikes an electric transmission lines it is the relays, which must quickly sense that there is a problem. They then direct the line's circuit breakers to open, de-energizing the line but hopefully saving the system. This paper presents exciting new work at modeling and testing relays using a virtual environment.The second paper, ?Simulation Environment for Development and Testing of Plug Compatible Power System Applications? looks at the important issue of software management in a large energy control center environment. Traditionally a single manufacturer using a proprietary approach has developed these systems. Such a closed system made it well nigh impossible for outside vendors to supply software components for the system. Thankfully, recent work by EPRI and others has resulted in the opening of the energy control center. The second paper in the session describes recent work in the development and testing of these new ?plug compatible? power system applications.The third paper, ?Optimization and Visualization of the North American Eastern Interconnect Power Market? looks at the optimization and visualization of a proposed power market covering the entire Eastern Interconnect power system. The Eastern Interconnect electrical system covers almost all of North America east of the Rocky Mountains. This paper investigates the potential for operating this entire system as a single regional transmission organization (RTO). Surprisingly, so long as the lines and generators are operating as planned, the paper concludes that there is sufficient low cost capacity and transmission to keep prices uniform across the system. However, loss of just a few key devices can quickly result in market segmentation.The last paper in the mini-track, ?Human Factors Analysis of Power System Visualizations? describes an experimental approach to formally testing the usability of different power system visualizations. Power systems are in need of new visualization techniques. However, hand in hand with this work there must be a formal testing of whether these new visualizations are actually helpful. The last paper in the mini-track describes some recent human factor experiments to help meet this critical need.


Centering on Polytechnic College' object on students nurturing,combined with analysis on the existing practical situation of the students and feature of 3D MAX experiment courses,the article elaborates on the innovation of exam method of 3D MAX experiment courses in Polytechnic Colleges,heading for motivating students' zeal for learning and fostering their practical ability.


With the passing of the last testimonies, Holocaust remembrance and Holocaust education progressively rely on digital technologies to engage people in immersive, simulative, and even counterfactual memories of the Holocaust. This preliminary study investigates how three prominent Holocaust museums use social media to enhance the general public's knowledge and understanding of historical and remembrance events. A mixed-method approach based on a combination of social media analytics and latent semantic analysis was used to investigate the Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube profiles of Yad Vashem, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and the Auschwitz–Birkenau Memorial and Museum. This social media analysis adopted a combination of metrics and was focused on how these social media profiles engage the public at both the page-content and relational levels, while their communication strategies were analysed in terms of generated content, interactivity, and popularity. Latent semantic analysis was used to analyse the most frequently used hashtags and words to investigate what topics and phrases appear most often in the content posted by the three museums. Overall, the results show that the three organisations are more active on Twitter than on Facebook and Instagram, with the Auschwitz–Birkenau Museum and Memorial occupying a prominent position in Twitter discourse while Yad Vashem and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum had stronger presences on YouTube. Although the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum exhibits some interactivity with its Facebook fan community, there is a general tendency to use social media as a one-way broadcast mode of communication. Finally, the analysis of terms and hashtags revealed the centrality of "Auschwitz" as a broad topic of Holocaust discourse, overshadowing other topics, especially those related to recent events.


Abstract Sociologist Daniel Archibugi thinks that social system has become more of a sociological idea than it is a legal question. Cosmopolitan democracy , as Archibugi's concepts represents the democracy in which the cosmopolitan ideas should be promoted together with the idea of joint strategy for solution of contemporary ecological problems, besides of all, climate changes. The main hypothesis of this research paper is that climate changes system must be criticized and changed toward the more applicable concepts in post modernity. Sociological critic and deconstruction as method has shown that sustainable development is concept that was fundamental approach towards the environment in modernity, but as we approach its end and move forward to post modernity, other concepts and theories are discovered and authors such as Adam, Haraway, Adams, Beck, and Giddens wrote on their vision of ecological problems. Feminization of poverty, gender based violence, globalization of care, gender equality, transcendence of gender binaries, ecological problems such as climate changes are contemporary problems of social world. Therefore the ecological literacy, eco ethics, bioethics, xenobioetics, social reflexivity can be the agents of change in future. Key terms: alienation, blaze, shyzo identity, climate changes, ecological literacy, sustainable development, ecosocialism, ecopatology, plurality of truth, cyber, transgender.


This paper summarizes more than four decades of cetacean research data collected by the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano and, between 1986 and 2003, by the Centro Studi Cetacei of the Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali. It is the result of the collaboration among scientists of several Italian museums. A detailed analysis concerning the amount and taxonomic representative - ness of the extant cetacean collections in Italian naturalistic museums and analogous institutions up until and including 2007 has been carried out. Adequately preserved and anatomically most significant specimens only have been taken into consideration. On the whole 1033 specimens representing 41 species are considered herein. They are housed in 53 institutions, of which the following ones hold the most important collections: the museums of Calci (Pisa), Genova, Firenze, Milano, Roma Zoology, Siena, Comiso and Napoli. All the surveyed institutions are listed, with a short introduction about their material and an inven - tory of it. Specimens are then arranged in systematic order and some further data are provided in a table for each species. Such tables report the items of each museum with regard to quantity, preserva - tion techniques and, whenever possible, collecting data. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results is presented under multiple profiles: historical, preservation techniques, suitability of the specimens for research, place of origin, and the importance of the Italian cetacean collections for research and education.


Throughout the decade, there were a number of attempts to develop medical information systems which are reliable, affordable and accessible over the entire hospital and beyond. The situation is made possible today with the development in the web-based technology, powerful personal computer (PC) technology, international standards and broadband telecommunication networks. These factors also have enabled data from a wide range of medical equipment, such as electronic stethoscope and ECG machine, to be connected into a common information environment. Research which aims to provide continuous monitoring of patients outside the hospital environment also needs to be developed. The potential applications will save lives, create valuable data for medical research, and cut the cost of medical services. One scenario is the monitoring of people who suffer from heart problems who are left alone at home without any supervision and may suffer an attack anytime. Sensor network, in the form of wireless biomedical sensor network (WBSN), as shown in Figure 1 [1], provides the technology that is a potential solution to this problem. WBSN composed of a number of biomedical sensor nodes and multi-hop networking capability that can be deployed for long term and continuous healthcare monitoring.


The present invention provides a method for preparing a suitable lithium-containing particles for use in the electrode of the battery, the method comprising: step of forming a mixture comprising an aqueous solution of the titanium dioxide precursor particles and lithium compound; and to form the lithiated titanium dioxide particles, comprising the step of heating the mixture at an elevated temperature in a sealed pressure vessel, wherein the average primary particle size of titanium dioxide particles, the particle size distribution, average particle in pore diameter, at least one particle size characteristic selected from the group consisting of an average inter-particle pore size, pore size distribution and particle shape is not substantially changed by the heating step. The present invention further includes a first electrode, includes a battery including a separator containing an electrolyte between the second electrode and the first and second electrodes, one of the first and second electrodes here, including lithiated titanium dioxide particles or titanium lithium spinel particles made according to the present invention.


This article focuses on the evaluation of management education and development programs. It states that evaluations of education and development programs differs from an evaluation of training. It ...


The aim of the present study was to find if there w ere any significant differences between Iranian EFL learners of high and low profic iency with regard to their multiple intelligence abilities. To reach to this aim, 106 s ubjects participated in the study and the researcher made use of: 1) the Persian version of M ckenzie's multiple intelligence (MI) Inventory; and 2) the learners' final term grades a the measure of their language learning achievement. Analyzing the data employing some inde pendent -samples t-tests, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference [t (104) = 2.100, p (two-tailed) =.038] in the mean of verbal intelligence scores of the low and high a c ieving groups, which was larger among the high achievers. As such, it can be concluded that t more proficient EFL learners have a higher verbal intelligence, indicating that more su ccessful learners may be more intelligent 'verbally' than their less proficient counterparts. Finally, verbal and visual intelligences ―with the highest mean scores ― were the two mostly used types of intelligences by both high and low achieving groups.


This paper investigates how far OPEC influences world oil markets. We ask the question: What is the impact of the decisions of the OPEC Conference, the supreme authority of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, on world oil prices? Extracting the Conference s decisions from the communiqu's of fifty meetings from 1984-2001, these decisions were compared with the subsequent market developments. The result is that this impact is weak at best, and if at all then restricted to meetings recommending a price increase. However, the opposite claim (found in the literature) - the Conference is simply following the market - was also not supported either. Another interesting observation is the little autocorrelation between the decisions of the Conference. This suggests that the ministers decisions accommodate quickly and efficiently recent events.


In practical applications, frequency-hopping (FH) systems using different independent hopping patterns can be co-located close together. Even if the different FH systems use the same frequency band, the use of independent hopping patterns reduces the impact of intersystem interference. However, it is important to determine the performance degradation due to intersystem interference in the early design stage of such applications. If this is not done, any interference problems in the final application can be very difficult and expensive to handle. A method for such analyses has been developed where both the desired signals and the undesired spurious emissions are considered. With this method the bit error probability (BEP) for the co-located radio systems is estimated by use of the complete transmitted frequency spectrum of the radio systems. The method has been validated through measurements on real co-location situations for the Swedish army combat radio, the Ra 180. The analysis method is justified by the tight agreement between theoretical and experimental results. The results from this validation are presented, as well as a comparison with a simpler method where only the desired signal is considered. It is shown that for small co-location distances, the BEP for the co-located radio receiver will be seriously underestimated if other emissions than the desired output are neglected. Furthermore, three examples of applications of the method in radio design issues are shown.


The paper proofs that the hitting time is a stopping time on general set of state space of homogeneous Markov chain,the corresponding sequence is still a homogeneous Markov chain with strong Markov property,and it has strong Markov property.


Abstract : Towards a reassessment of muskeg, an appraisal of the problems of muskeg showing the complexity of the subject and the implications for engineering is presented based on field experience and a study of the literature. A theory of the origin of muskeg is given from the engineer's point of view by considering climatic, biotic, and geologic factors. Muskeg research in other countries is reviewed with emphasis on Canadian research. The Radforth Muskeg Classification System, its application to problems and modifications are discussed. Empirical data on the engineering properties of peat are broadly described in four main categories: (1) index properties, for identification; (2) strength and deformation properties; (3) thermal properties; and (4) geophysical properties. Engineering problems, construction equipment, and costs to be considered in vehicle trafficability, road construction, corrosion and drainage operations, and frozen muskeg and permafrost construction when muskeg is involved and fully discussed. Comprehensive conclusions and recommendations on the present state of knowledge of muskeg and needs for further research are outlined.


According to the Lexical Hypothesis on personality research, all personality characteristics were coded into natural languages, and the object oriented, other oriented, and self oriented characteristics would be coded into adjectives related with person object, person other, and person self relations. The object oriented, other oriented, and self oriented characteristics of the Chinese were stepped out from Chinese adjectives by analyzing the ratings of both college students and social personnel samples. Three, six, and five factors were got to describe the object , other , and self oriented characteristics of the Chinese, respectively. The sex and occupational differences were also discussed in this paper.


Let C be a coalgebra over a field k and A its dual algebra. The category of C-comodules is equivalent to a category of A-modules. We use this to interpret the cotensor product M□N of two comodules in terms of the appropriate Hochschild cohomology of the A-bimodule M ⊗ N, when A is finite-dimensional, profinite, graded or differential-graded. The main applications are to Galois cohomology, comodules over the Steenrod algebra, and the homology of induced fibrations.


There's growing concern for the lubricants industry to increase the performance of hydraulic applications. But higher production costs and new technological requirements make the task more difficult than ever.


EROS, MACHO, OGLE 등 대규모 탐사관측으로 외부은하에서 식쌍성의 발견은 물론 식쌍성의 광도곡선이 대량으로 발표되고 있다. 식쌍성의 광도곡선은 별의 물리양에 대한 정보를 제공하므로 대량으로 발표된 식쌍성의 광도곡선은 항상천문학 연구에 매우 유용한 자료가 될 것이다. 그러나 식쌍성의 광도 곡선을 분석하는 작업은 많은 시간을 요한다. 이에 시간을 단축하여 광도곡선을 분석하는 방법을 제시하고, 소마젤란 은하에 있는 식쌍성중에서 측광학적으로 질량비를 유일하게 결정할 수 있는 20개의 식쌍성을 표본으로 선정하여 측광학적인 해를 구하였다. 【Large survey observations such as the EROS, the MACHO and the OGLE projects have discovered a large number of eclipsing binaries in the extra galaxies and published their light curves. The light curves of the eclipsing binaries provide fundamental stellar parameters so that accumulation of the light curves will be very useful for the research of the stellar astronomy. However it requires a lot of time to analyze the light curves. Therefore we developed new method to analyze the large number of light curves in the relatively short time period and found the photometric solution by analyzing the light curves of 20 eclipsing binaries, whose mass ratio can be determined by photometic method, in the Small Magellan Cloud.】


Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin 5(AQP5)in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice.Methods The expression of AQP5 mRNA and protein was respectively detected by quantitative PCR and Western blot in 20 normal mice and 20 allergic rhinitis mice.Results The expression of AQP5 mRNA and protein in nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis mice was obviously higher than that in normal mice(P0.05).Conclusion AQP5 is highly expressed in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice.Therefore,AQP5 may be a new target for gene therapy for AR.


Two malonylated anthocyanins were isolated and determined to be cyanidin 3(trans-pcoumaroyl)-sambubioside-5(malonyl)-glucoside and cyanidin 3(cis-p-coumaroyl)-sambubioside5(malonyl)-glucoside as major pigments along with cyanidin 3(trans-p-coumaroyl)-sambubioside5-glucoside, cyanidin 3(cis-p-coumaroyl)-sambubioside-5-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-sambubioside5-glucoside from the 10 cultivars of Erysimum by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Regarding the flower color variation in these cultivars, decrease of the hue values (b/a) and increase of color chart numbers of these cultivars were responsible for the increase of malonylated anthocyanins.


A stereoscopic system was developed that integrates hardware and software components for image acquisition, digitization, processing, display, and measurements. The model-induced trajectories of nearly neutrally buoyant fluorescent particles, illuminated with a 15-W pulsed copper vapor laser, are tracked in a towing tank by stereoscopic time-lapse photography using two 35-mm cameras positioned at a 90-degree angle from the top and the side. A C program, HI, drives two data I/O boards hosted in a PC to set up the run parameters, control the operations of the laser and camera shutters, and acquire the stereo images. The photographic records are digitized and processed to derive the centroids of reference marks and particle images. The centroids are then fed into a Windows-based program, Track/3D, to perform image correlation, correction for image distortion, stereo conversion, stereoscopic display, and measurements. The display module incorporates a graphics library that drives a stereoscopic display adapter attached to a monitor; the stereogram must be viewed with polarizing glasses. Functions are available for image translation, rotation, zooming, and on- screen measurements. The velocity and acceleration components of the 3-D flow field induced by the model are derived from the trajectories, serving as a basis for whole-field stereoscopic quantitative flow visualization.


Establishment of effective and rapid assay of environmental estrogens is in urge need. Five effective and commonly used bioassay methods including uterine growth assay, vitellogenin of liver cells assay, MCF-7 cells assay, recombinant yeast assay and yeast two-hybrid assay were reviewed, and their applications in recent research on estrogens in environment were also discussed.


Preface 1. Nonlinearity, dissipation and dispersion in acoustics 2. Simple waves and shocks in acoustics 3. Nonlinear geometrical acoustics 4. Nonlinear sound beams 5. Sound-sound interaction (nondispersive medium) 6. Nonlinear acoustic waves in dispersive media 7. Self-action and stimulated scattering of sound Conclusion Subject index.


The stories in this collection take place on the island of Hawaii, also known as the Big Island. As inhabitants of a place widely considered as a paradise, the characters in these stories are unable to see their home as a paradise, and are forced find escape elsewhere.


It is a great honour for me to address an audience of such renowned computational linguists. I would like to thank the organising committee of CLIN 2010 for this opportunity. The CLIN conference is held every year at a university in either the Netherlands or Belgium. It provides researchers in the field of computational linguistics with a unique opportunity to present and discuss their research. Belgium and the Netherlands are neighbours with much more in common than just a border. What is particularly important in relation to this conference is that the two countries share a common language: Dutch. It is this bond which, in 1980, led to the two countries joining forces to set up the Dutch Language Union, with the aim of implementing common language policy for Dutch. In 2004, the two founding members were joined by Surinam as an associate member of the Dutch Language Union (DLU). DLU initiatives cover all aspects of language policy. Each one is aimed at creating the right conditions to make it easier for Dutch speakers to use their language in as many different situations as possible, including when they are abroad. It is ultimately not the governments of the Netherlands, Flanders and Surinam, who are the DLU's most important 'clients', but the people who use Dutch to communicate. The activities of the DLU range from promoting the teaching of Dutch, both within the Dutch speaking areas and beyond, and stimulating language-related cultural and literary cooperation, to compiling dictionaries and grammars. Over the last decade the DLU has taken a serious interest in supporting the development of digital language resources and human language technologies (HLT) for Dutch. As Dutch is a so-called medium-sized language and companies are not always willing or able to invest in developing HLT for a language with a relatively small market, government support was needed. On the other hand, the development of HLT is considered essential, if a language is to survive in the information society. It was against this background that the DLU set up a number of initiatives aimed at strengthening the position of Dutch in human language technologies. The most important being:


Bipolar interfacial polyelectrolyte membrane fuel cells (BPFCs) are novel devices based on an acidicalkaline bipolar reaction interface. As a result of this innovative bipolar membrane electrode assembly (MEA), BPFCs exhibit outstanding advantages but also present new challenges with regard to the interface. Significant progress has been achieved in BPFCs research in recent years, with the development of key materials and interface technologies. This monograph summarizes the recent advances in MEA technology, including structures, rate-limiting reaction interfaces, water transport mechanisms, and the application of metals other than platinum. These developments in both fundamental theory and primary technologies have established a good foundation for the future research and development of such devices.


The uncertainty in measurement of arsenic in the radial sand ridges of the South Yellow Sea sediment by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HG-AFS) were considered,the components of the uncertainty was separated or integrated,the calculation was also evaluated.The results show that the two main factors are sample preparation and the relative combined standard.


What ideas linger on once one has read Culture in Psychology? Another reviewer of another book suggests that 'some books linger in the mind because of the stories they tell . . . or the questions and issues they raise' (Knowles, 1999, p. 99). That thought is helpful here, because Culture in Psychology leaves me with a powerful sense of story embedded in practice as the basis of research methodologies appropriate to cultural psychology and, at the same time, a deep sense of bewilderment about what exactly cultural psychology is qua psychology. The book contains a rich resource of path-breaking exemplars of research, in Walkerdine's words in the conclusion, models 'of how a new kind of psychocultural work could be accomplished' (p. 176). For that reason alone, one will no doubt mine it often in future reading related to research methodology for cultural psychology. However, it succeeds as a set of exemplars despite a constantly shifting sense of what the main explanatory categories are that it works with or alludes to—'culture', 'nature', 'biology', 'identity', 'subjectivity' and, for those like myself who seek a less discursive turn to/of mind, 'mind' itself. The book consists of 11 chapters organized in four sections, each of


Feather pecking (FP) in laying hens involves pecking at or plucking the feathers of conspecifics. The behaviour is a major welfare issue since it can lead to injury, feather damage, denuded skin areas, and cannibalism (Jones et al., 2004). Current research has focused on identifying the motivation of hens to perform FP, in order to determine whether certain housing conditions increase the likelihood that hens will perform the behaviour (Dixon et al., 2008; Shimmura et al., 2008a). It is hoped that identifying factors that predispose hens to FP can lead to appropriate improvements in housing conditions, thereby reducing the incidence of the behaviour and improving hen welfare.


Piezoelectric actuators based on PZT ceramics are a widely used drive system and are also often used for active noise and vibration control applications. They offer high static and dynamic forces, are very stiff, allow high‐frequency dynamic applications, and contain no moving parts. But they also have severe disadvantages: They are very sensitive to bending moments and pulling forces and have to be driven by electrical fields of some kV/mm to obtain displacements of about 1%. The actuators have a high capacitance, which is a challenge for the power amplifiers, and the material exhibits hysteresis which shows up as nonlinearities. Based on these restrictions, different concepts for the application of piezo actuators for active vibration control and isolation systems are presented, and mechanical as well as electrical aspects are discussed. For a real life application, it was decided to use one of the concepts at an experimental stage. The design of this actuator system will be presented. Experimental resu...


Tourism is a fundamental part of society, and is therefore embedded within contemporary capitalism and social values (Bramwell & Lane, 2014). Recently, tourism research following the general trend across social sciences has been affected by a "critical turn" (Bramwell & Lane, 2014; Tribe, 2008, 2010). The focus is on challenging established thinking and questioning the concepts of power and product (Tribe, 2006). Also, the critical turn aims to counterbalance the almost "tyrannical role of economics", which only considers tourism as an economic activity (Tribe, 2006, p. 366). In fact, the established mindset underpinning tourism planning, development and research is increasingly under attack from many quarters on the grounds that "business as usual" seems impossible to reconcile with "sustainability". (Dwyer, 2018). The concept of "sustainability" began with the document Our Common Future (WCED, 1987) in which sustainable development was defined as "satisfying the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs" (WCED, 1987, ch. 2, sec. 1, para. 1). By now, we can all understand the contradiction and ambiguity of joining the terms, since the term "sustainable" implies some form of limits while the term "development" emphasises human use to meet human needs (Higgins-Desbiolles, 2018). Due to this ambiguity, the concept of sustainability has been very malleable in the interests of those benefiting from a status quo strategy (Higgins-Desbiolles, 2018). Nonetheless, and according to OECD (2018), sustained development of the tourism sector will depend on the ability to adapt to emerging economic, social, political, environmental and technological trends. However, the use of tourism's potential as an engine for sustainable and inclusive growth needs adequate policies, integrated strategies, inter-ministerial structures and mechanisms that involve the private sector and other stakeholders in tourism governance. In fact, over the past few decades, we have witnessed a growing recognition of the important role that the development, management and promotion of local destinations play, supported by regional or local structures and funding, and the preparation and execution of destination management plans. This special issue aims to capture new ways of thinking about tourism sustainability in national, regional and local contexts and how it affects other areas of society. This will help to evaluate different potential developments and make suggestions about future creative needs in the tourism sector. By taking an applied approach to tourism sustainability, this special journal issue focuses on understanding new trends and topics that need further inquiry. We hope that we have contributed to a better understanding of how tourism sustainability is conceptualised and how tourism managers and stakeholders can operationalise tourism sustainability under a global–local perspective. As such, paper contributions to this special journal issue attempt to bridge the global and the local through sustainable tourism by focusing on new or understudied phenomena, through a set of different contributions and approaches. In the first contribution, Dolores Gallardo-Vázquez, Oscar Ernesto Hernández-Ponce and Luis Enrique Valdez Juárez present an analysis of the success factors of sustainable tourism in the southern region of the State of Sonora, Mexico, supported by multiple case studies of tourist places in Guaymas, Isla Huivulai and Alamos. Based on a non-experimental qualitative approach, the authors aimed to provide a framework for the development of an empirical database. The authors demonstrate that the most relevant factors considered for a sustainable tourism project to be successful in the research areas are natural and cultural beauties, accessibility to the market and the business profile. On the other hand, the factors of secondary importance for the success of a sustainable tourism project appear to be safety, accessibility to the place and protection of the environment. The paper provides useful insights for the various stakeholders involved, namely entrepreneurs, managers and government. Sami El Geneidy and Stefan Baumeister conducted a detailed analysis of volunteer tourists from an Indian non-governmental organisation. The authors introduce an original focus on the impact on global greenhouse emissions by international volunteer tourists, by showing that