Questioning is one of the stages of scientific approach in theimplementation of the 2013 curriculum. Asking questions is a vital part of studentlearning. Teachers ask students questions in order to get their minds working andthinking. Students ask questions in order to gain more knowledge or satiate theircuriosity. In case when student has trouble asking questions in the classroom, theymight miss an important step and become lost. Highlighting the important role ofquestioning, there is a situation in which the implementation of questioning doesnot meet the curriculum needs. On the other hand, the students have somedifficulties in asking question while the teacher cannot lead the learning processthrough the stages of scientific approach. Therefore this study is aimed to analysethe teacher's strategies to encourage students to ask questions in order to fill thestages of 2013 curriculum.This qualitative case study produced descriptive data. The data werestrategies performed by the English teacher. In order to complete the source ofdata, supported documents and some informants were involved in this study.Dealing the aims of the study, purposive sampling was used to collect the sampleunder the consideration that the sampling was conducting several strategies toencourage students to ask question. Observation, documentation, and interviewwere conducted to collect the data. To enhance the trustworthiness of the dataanalysis, the triangulation technique was used. After being checked, the data wereanalyzed based on interactive model analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman(1994: 10).The results pointed out that there were four performed strategies in theclassroom; brainstorming, think-pair-share, using visual aid, and group work.However there were only two strategies proven succeed in enhancing the students'activeness during the learning process; using visual aid and group work.Regarding to the implementation of the strategies, they were in line with thetheory of teaching strategies. Furthermore, the analysis resulted that the teacher'sconstraint in implementing those strategies were internal and external factor of thestudents. In conclusion, the result of this study supported the role of the teacher inimplementing some strategies to encourage the students to actively ask questionsduring the learning process.Keywords: ask, case study, teacher's strategies, question


A secondary quantized field gauge theory with a number of flavors N = 3 has been proposed to describe monolayer graphene. Charge carriers in this graphene model are Majorana pseudo-fermions. Partial unfolding of Dirac bands proceeds from coupling between anti-ordered pseudo-spins and valley currents. Splitting of Dirac cone replicas on Weyl-like node and anti-node leads to polarization effects analogous to graphene doping.


Bridging the gap between simulation models and stakeholders Purpose Expose the final conclusions of work package 1.5 regarding the application of the buffering capacity concept to adaptive water management.


A widely accepted approach to software development involves successive refinement of design and requirements specifications from a top-level description of the system down to the code level. As the system is refined, it is verified at each phase of development before proceeding to the next phase. In the past, several tools and techniques have been developed to assist in the development and verification process.
Tools have been developed and have been in use for many years to examine the testability and system information flow in hardware systems. These problems are approached as a knowledge base verification and validation problem. Several strong analogues exist between hardware and software systems. However, several fundamental differences exist which affect the approach to modeling and verifying the system.
This paper briefly describes past efforts in verifying hardware and software systems and then presents a preliminary synthesis and extension of these past efforts to the software verification problem. We then conclude with an assessment of our current status and note future directions and recommendations for research in this area.


Abstract : A search was made for a hematological parameter that might indicate when acclimatization to cold occurred in mice. The formed elements of mouse peripheral blood tested were total white blood cells and the absolute numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, stress lymphocytes and eosinophils. In addition the hematocrit, body weights, and adrenal gland weights were measured. No consistent changes between 21 and 2CC<< <C caged mice were observed with respect to the total WBC, PMN, stress lymphocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. The eosinophils of the cold stressed animals were consistently lower than the 21C caged mice. The body weights of the cold exposed animals showed initial decreases but this was compensated and weight gain proceeded normally after five days post-exposure. The adrenal glands showed maximally increased weights at 24 hours post-exposure. The results of the experiment were unrewarding with respect to finding a parameter for cold acclimatization. (Author)


1. We believe that, at the present time, dilantin sodium is the most effective single preparation available in the treatment of the convulsive manifestations of epilepsy. 2. Although toxic manifestations are frequent and sometimes severe, careful clinical observation and laboratory studies will decrease their incidence and withdrawal of the drug or reduction in dosage will afford prompt relief. 3. The use of small doses of phenobarbital in combination with dilantin offers an additional possibility for the control of seizures when dilantin alone is insufficient to attain that end.


The application of ESD in learning believed to be able to plan a better life by changing the mindset of students in learning to live better. This study describes how to infuse ESD to the physics curricula, so hopefully, students can think to live better through learning physics. Descriptive qualitative method used in this study to describe how to do the study of school curriculum course in prospective undergraduate in physics education so that they can insert ESD in the curriculum studies that have been conducted by researchers. Through creative problem solving and the application of creativity fostering behaviour assessment, students can produce ESD-based physics curriculum studies. There are ten topics in the physics curriculum that have included ESD.


We present a new study of parallel algorithms for locating k-nearest neighbors (kNN) of each single query in a high dimensional (feature) space on a many-core processor or accelerator that favors synchronous operations, such as on a graphics processing unit. Exploiting the intimate relationships between two primitive operations, select and sort, we introduce a cohort of truncated sort algorithms for parallel kNN search. The truncated bitonic sort (TBiS) in particular has desirable data locality, synchronous concurrency and simple data and program structures. Its implementation on a graphics processing unit outperforms the other existing implementations for kNN search based on either sort or select operations. We provide algorithm analysis and experimental results.


The world population is rapidly increasing due to uncontrolled growth especially in developing countries, however governments still hold the responsibility to provide civilized and modern life which includes infrastructure, housing and healthcare system. Random settlements are the main problem associated with this issue. To solve these problems governments must have advanced spatial plan to deal with this growth and demand on people desires. Achieving sustainable development which will reduce many of the problems in the future predict population and size of area required for this inhabitants and the establishment of appropriate projects within each region. This paper is considering a case study based on a real data of the Libyan capital Tripoli. The study has considered three sceneries increasing, constant and decreasing in population prediction. The study covered a period of 60 years from 1980 to 2040.


Many authors have considered varying the values of the diffusion constants, arbitrarily but within the context in order to get the turing instability whic result in pattern formation in biology and medici ne n form of spiky solutions within a defined domain. We study t he dynamics of Gierer -Meinhardt(GM) model under th influence of stochastic diffusivity of the inhibito r f mean reverting stochastic differential equatio n, which varies in time and create Turing patterns in form of spikes. In order to have the random coefficient of diffusio n not to be derived far away from the usual constants, it is al lowed to oscillate stochastically around the long-r un value using the mean-reverting idea. We show numerically how th e spikes vanishes to a stable number for long time enough using the finite difference methods and the Matlab programming language. It is assumed that for long t ime enough, the new stochastic Gierer-Meinhardt model is approx imated to deterministic GM model with certain proba bility.


Although massive bleeding is the most life‐threatening complication caused by flexible bronchoscopy, data on flexible bronchoscopy‐induced massive bleeding are scarce, and the associated clinical characteristics and prognostic factors are unknown.


In the operative provision of its Judgment the Court, has found "that it cannot adjudicate upon the merits of the claim of the Federal Republic of Cameroon". 1 have felt able to subscribe to such an operative provision but cannot accept the reasons on which the Court bases its Judgment. These reasons consist in essence of a finding that the decision requested by Cameroon would be without object. 1 cannot subscribe to such a statement and consider, on the contrary, that, as 1 shall explain in the first part of this separate opinion, Cameroon's claim is fully admissible. In my view the reason why it is not possible to examine the merits of the claim is quite other and lies in the lack of jurisdiction. The second part of this separate opinion will in fact be devoted to the question of jurisdiction. This question, which was not dealt with by the Court and which, having regard to the Court's approach, it had no reason to deal with, cannot be avoided once the claim is deemed, as it is iii my view, to be admissible.


During the fall of 2008 and the spring of 2009, two Sports and American Society Core Discovery courses' pedagogical styles were examined to determine if there was a variation in how they effected moral reasoning development in freshmen students. One course featured an instructor utilizing a Maieutic Socratic teaching methodology while the other featured an instructor using a social constructivist approach. The mixed methods study involved 65 students with 30 enrolled in the experimental course (Male, N=22; Female, N=8) and 35 enrolled in the control course (Male, N=21; Female, N=14). However, due to transfers and student dropouts, only 13 students in the experimental course (Male, N=8; Female, N=5) and 22 students in the control course (Male, N=11; Female, N=11) were part of the final posttest. The sample was classified as: 1) experimental group with a moral reasoning education intervention and, 2) a control group, using a Social Constructivist theory style of teaching. An ANOVA using GLM procedures found no significant difference between experimental versus control Sports and American Society Core Discovery courses. Wilks Lambda: F(1,31) = 1.585, p = .221, partial eta2 = .093. However, the experimental Sports and American Society Core Discovery course group moral reasoning scores increased from Time 1 (mean = 35.41, SD = 4.85) to Time 3 (mean = 39.25, SD = 7.30) where the control Sports and American Society Core Discovery course group moral reasoning scores decreased from Time 1 (mean = 34.13, SD = 6.43) to Time 3 (mean = 32.59, SD = 10.03). Though no significance was found, perhaps instructors may be able to use these results to better pedagogical framework for effective moral reasoning development in first year courses specifically designed for college freshmen.


The present development of non‐wafer‐based photovoltaics (PV) allows supporting thin film solar cells on a wide variety of low‐cost recyclable and flexible substrates such as paper, thereby extending PV to a broad range of consumer‐oriented disposable applications where autonomous energy harvesting is a bottleneck issue. However, their fibrous structure makes it challenging to fabricate good‐performing inorganic PV devices on such substrates. The advances presented here demonstrate the viability of fabricating thin film silicon PV cells on paper coated with a hydrophilic mesoporous layer. Such layer can not only withstand the cells production temperature (150 °C), but also provide adequate paper sealing and surface finishing for the cell's layers deposition. The substances released from the paper substrate are continuously monitored during the cell deposition by mass spectrometry, which allows adapting the procedures to mitigate any contamination from the substrate. In this way, a proof‐of‐concept solar cell with 3.4% cell efficiency (41% fill factor, 0.82 V open‐circuit voltage and 10.2 mA cm−2 short‐circuit current density) is attained, opening the door to the use of paper as a reliable substrate to fabricate inorganic PV cells for a plethora of indoor applications with tremendous impact in multi‐sectorial fields such as food, pharmacy and security.


A bidirectional chaos communication system, composed of 1550nm semiconductor lasers (SLs) and fiber links, is experimentally and numerically investigated. Based on the robust chaos synchronization between two authorized SLs, 0.5Gbits/s pseudo-random data bidirectional message transmission between the two SLs has been preliminarily realized experimentally. Moreover, related theoretical simulations are also given, which basically conforms to our experimental observations.


A word may mean different things in different contexts. The current study explored the changing denotations of spatial terms, focusing on how the distance inferred from a spatial description varied as a function of the size of the objects being spatially related. We examined both terms that explicitly convey distance (i.e., topological terms such as near), and terms not traditionally associated with distance (i.e., projective terms such as left).The critical finding was that estimates of distance associated with both classes of terms were systematically influenced by the size of the objects, generalising an effect observed by Morrow and Clark (1988) with approach. The effect was replicated using an indirect scaling method, and centre-to-centre and edge-to-edge estimates. The results support the idea that dimensions relevant to the processing of spatial terms are not limited to information explicitly conveyed by the spatial terms.


This paper presents the principle of automatic control with S7-200 CPU226 for the refigerating assembly on refigerating wagon and the realization of link control of wagons with the help of PLC networking functions.


The invention concerns a fast three-dimensional modelling method comprising the following steps: a phase which consists in transforming the raw material in the work space (32) by means of a device inducing transformation (1); at least at one moment, a phase which consists in supplying non transformed material, downstream of the doctor blade; a phase which consists in covering the transformed material (PI) with non-transformed material (MAT), which consists in moving the blade in a direction (F), driving in rotation about an axis a rolling member (26, 27) whereon an extruded log of non-transformed raw material (28) is wound, arranging a pushing member (22) such that its proximal edge (23) coincides with the surface of said work space, and positioning said rolling member downstream of the pushing member, and opposite thereof, so as to channel the extruded log of non-transformed material towards a cavity formed between the proximal edge and the rolling member facing it.


European Union retailers are setting global benchmarks for the production of fresh food and are asking their suppliers for produce to be certified according to food safety and quality standards. Compliance with these standards for developing countries' small-scale producers entails costly investment in variable inputs and long- term structures. Limited empirical evidence exists either to refute or confirm the concern that the proliferation and enhanced stringency of these standards marginalize smallholders from the global market. This paper therefore explores the costs of compliance, factors explaining the smallholder decision to adopt EU private quality standards, and the impacts of the standards on farm financial performance. We develop a 2-stage standard treatment effect model to account for self-selection as a source of endogeneity. Analysis is based on a random cross section sample of 439 small-scale export vegetable producers in Kenya whose production was monitored in 2005–2006. We demonstrate that adopters and nonadopters are distinguishable by their asset holding and household wealth, access to services, labor endowment, and level of education. Once we control for the endogeneity problem, we find that small-scale producers can benefit substantially from adopting the standards at the farm level.


Variable temperature detector is the key component in developing the application of low resolution nuclear magnetic resonance analytic instrument. Because of the small volume, low power loss and controlled expediently, the semiconductor frigorific flake is used widely in each frigorific occasion. The research takes the semiconductor frigorific module to develop the variable temperature detector. We can get the advantages such as variable temperature in small range, the simple structure and the high ratio of quality and cost. The results have application value in practice.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of electrical stimulation biofeedback on motor learning of quadriceps muscle isometric exercise in 3 patients who have undergone total knee replacement surgery. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used. The electrical stimulation biofeedback was provided with each patient during quadriceps isometric exercise, which last 10 to 14 sessions with 10 repetitions each sessions. After training patients received 4 retention tests. Maximum muscle activity was measured pre- and post- electrical stimulation biofeedback training and retention test to evaluate the effect of biofeedback training. Maximum isometric muscle activity of quadriceps was increased after electrical stimulation biofeedback training in all subjects. The results indicate that a electrical stimulation biofeedback training is a useful method to improve motor learning of quadriceps isometric exercise in total knee replacement.


The utility model discloses a swirling air-flotation oil-water separator which comprises an vertical type cylinder body, a hydraulic swirler, static mixer, a coalescing type filter core and an ejector, wherein the vertical type cylinder body is provided with a cylinder on the upper part and a cone-shaped cavity on the lower part; the hydraulic swirler is fixedly connected with the upper end of the vertical type cylinder body through a hydraulic deoiling pipe orifice; the static mixer is arranged outside the vertical type cylinder body; an air-flotation air supplementing inlet is formed above the static mixer; one end of the static mixer is provided with an oily sewage inlet, and the other end of the static mixer is connected with the hydraulic swirler through a pipeline; the coalescing type filter core is arranged in the cylinder positioned on the upper part of the vertical type cylinder body; and the ejector is arranged outside the vertical type cylinder body. The swirling air-flotation oil-water separator disclosed by the utility model is small in equipment size and occupied area, achieves the three-stage separation effect by combining multiple processes, namely swirling, air-flotation, coalescing filtration, and the like, increases the collision chance of oil drops and bubbles by adding the ejector and achieves more refined oil-water separation level by combining with the coalescing filtration.


AbstractAn API 5L X-70 grade steel for large diameter pipeline application with sour gas resistance was developed. The resulting Fe–C–Mn–Nb slabs were controlled rolled and accelerated cooled. In most of the slabs, mechanical properties equivalent to the above grade were broadly achieved. However, despite achieving excellent mechanical properties, during the test period, several slabs exhibited cracks in the cooling yard, causing their rejection. To elucidate the nature of the crack, several specimens were analysed by employing optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Microstructural characterisation together with microanalysis and thermal analysis carried out on as cast specimens showed the presence of rodlike and/or dendritelike precipitates of the Fe2 Nb type associated with the cracks. The elimination of the cracks was achieved by increasing the niobium content in the Nb ferroalloy to ensure its dissolution in the liquid bath after its addition during the alloying stage.


Hysteresis thresholding offers enhanced object detection but is time-consuming. Hence, it is often avoided in real-time, constrained streaming processors. We propose a high-performance solution for limited-resource applications. This features two memory-efficient and fast architectures for hysteresis thresholding followed by object feature extraction: a lower-area uniform implementation and a faster pipelined one with slight area increase. Both designs couple thresholding with candidate pixel handling, component analysis, and feature extraction on the fly. This avoids multiple scans of the image, additional label resolving, and large image buffers; thus offering an average speedup up to 37x with about 99% memory reduction compared to state of the art schemes for VGA images. Moreover, the ASIC implementation allows this process to be done at 460fps, making the integration of this part into real-time detection systems very feasible.


Goa state in India is endowed with large deposits of low-grade iron ores, geologically formed from the lower Dharwar super group of Archaean rocks. Petrological studies have revealed that silica and alumina are the main gangue minerals. where alumina exists as fine clay and adherent material interspersed in ore body and in
some cases both silica and alumina are interlocked with iron ore particles. The amenability of Columnflotation and Dual Extraction Column to remove such gangue was
studied by installing test units at the Greater Ferromet beneficiation plant of M/s. Sociedade De Fomento Industrial Ltd., Goa. A reverse flotation process was adopted wherein gangue minerals containing silica and alumina are floated using cationic collector. Sodium hydroxide and starch were used to regulate the slurry pH and depress the iron ore, respectively. Iron ores of different mines and their mixtures were studied
using different cationic collectors. The effect of both process and column parameters on grade and recovery were established. The results clearly suggest that iron ore
concentrate assaying 67% Fe and 2% Si02 and Ah03 could be obtained with a recovery of 85-90% by single stage column operation. The better performance of flotation column
over Dual Extraction Column in terms of reduction of gangue was also brought out in this study.


There are several regional climate models but most of them are not coupled with lake water energy budget models. It is obvious, that climate change will also have an influence on aquatic ecosystems. This investigation will couple the results of a changing climatic atmospheric situation, calculated by the regional climate model REMO, with the thermodynamical water model DYRESM for lakes. Our study area is Lake Ammersee in Bavaria, 40 km southwest of Munich in the southern part of Germany. Experimental period for the projections will be 2040 to 2050. The research presented in this paper tries to verify if these effects are also observed in Lake Ammersee due to ongoing climate change. Intensity and characteristics of the heat budget changes in the lake are investigated through statistical methods. Other parameters such as the position of the metalimnion, thermal stability, duration of stratification and circulation periods are also studied providing information to evaluate the future ecological situation of the lake.


Background: The unapproved and unregulated use of umbilical stem-cell products has been identified as a possible source of adverse events and infection. In 2018, a national outbreak of multiple bacterial infections was associated with use of umbilical stem cells products. From December 2018 through March 2019, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) identified 4 cases of bacterial infection in patients that had received therapies using umbilical stem-cell products. Although 2 cases were associated with the national outbreak of a single company's product, 2 additional cases of Enterobacter cloacae were instead associated with a second stem-cell distributer. Methods: In December 2018, LACDPH staff received notification from a hospital infectious disease physician of 2 cases of E. cloacae infection in patients of a freestanding ambulatory surgery center following allogenic umbilical cord stem-cell injections on the same day in August 2018. LACDPH reviewed the medical records of these patients and conducted an on-site visit to the ambulatory surgery center, which included observation of infection prevention practices, interview of staff, and review of logs. The 2 isolates from each patient were sent to the CDC laboratory for relatedness testing. Results: The 2 case patients received products via intra-articular injection from different lot and donor numbers for lumbar spine pain. In addition to the stem-cell product, both patients also received antibiotics and pain medications during their procedures, though from different vials. Both patients were seen by the same surgeon, anesthesiologist, and nurse during their procedures. No additional cases occurred. The case patients were hospitalized for 12 and 27 days, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that the isolates from the 2 patients were related. No major gaps in infection prevention practices were identified at the surgery center. Conclusion: This report describes a cluster of 2 E. cloacae infections in patients who had received unapproved-use stem-cell products via spinal injection. Given molecular laboratory results and infection prevention observations, we hypothesize that the stem-cell products used on these 2 cases were likely contaminated before distribution. This cluster demonstrates that contamination of stem-cell products extends beyond the single outbreak previously described and points to the systematic inability to ensure the safety of unapproved use of umbilical stem- cell products. Funding: None Disclosures: None


BACKGROUND
Data on colonoscopy's diagnostic yield in young adults with lower gastrointestinal symptoms are scarce. We evaluated this yield in young patients by performing an indication-based analysis of outcomes.

METHODS
We reviewed diagnostic colonoscopies performed in young adults (age<50 years) over 10 years. We created two groups of young adults (18-39 years, n=4941) and quadragenarians (40-49 years; n=6605), included a control group of average-risk patients referred for screening colonoscopies during the same period (50-60 years, n=1453). We evaluated clinical indications for colonoscopies among the young and performed an indication-based analysis of patients' outcomes.

RESULTS
Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain (42.4% and 36.2%), rectal bleeding (19.8% and 18.4%), and constipation were major indications for colonoscopy performance in quadragenarian and younger patients, respectively. Compared to the young adult and quadragenarian groups, the control group had significantly higher rates of diverticulosis (1.3% and 3.9% vs. 8.7%, respectively; P1,2<0.000) and polyp detection (6.1% and 12.1% vs. 19.6%, respectively; P1,2<0.000). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was more prevalent in both young patients' groups (3.6% and 10.9%, respectively) compared to the control group (0.1%; P1,2<0.000) . Indication-based analyses revealed that rectal bleeding was linked with increased PDR and significantly and independently associated with CRC development (odds ratio=10.160. p<0.001 and 95%CI=6.201-16.647), even in the younger patients. In contrast, performing a colonoscopy for the evaluation of constipation was associated with the lowest yield.

CONCLUSION
We outlined the expected diagnostic yields of colonoscopy performed in young patients for multiple indications, showing that rectal bleeding was consistently associated with CRC and polyp detection.


Because of the unique property in pattern recognition and in regression analysis, support vector machine(SVM) has become the topic of research recently. The advantages of SVM mainly lie in its capabilities of processing non-linear and highly dimensional data problems. Unextended SVM is very suitable for solving two-class classification problems. For multi-class classification, however, it should be converted into many of two-class classification problems, and can be constructed many of two-class classifier correspondingly. But the case results in more complexity of classifier structure, and so leads to decrease of decision speed. In order to get a fast classification, a new multi-class classifier with simplified structure is put forward so that the number of subclassifiers and decisive time are reduced greatly. The accuracy and complexity are also contrastively analyzed here. The validity of the new classifier is proved by simulated experiments.


Surfaces can be graphed in GeoGebra by either using the Surface command, defining a function f ( x, y ) , or inputting an equation of at most three variables. Some surfaces can be easily graphed using a function of two variables or an equation, but we have more control over the surface if the Surface command is used. We start by graphing surfaces of revolution encountered in single variable calculus class. A surface of revolution can be graphed in GeoGebra provided we can parameterize the circular cross-section. This method of graphing a surface of revolution can be applied to model objects with circular cross-section, like a Hershey's Kiss, in GeoGebra.


Isolation of several known compounds belonging to the class of steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, etc., from a number of Indian plants is recorded.


Thoyyibah, Wasilatut. 2017. The Use of Top-down Strategy to Improve Students' Reading Comprehension of the Eight Grade Students of MTs N Susukan in the Academic year of 2017/2018. A Graduating Paper English Department and Education State of Islamic Studies Institute of Salatiga. Counselor: Seti Rini,M.Pd.

This research analyzed the improvement of students reading comprehension through implementing Top-down Strategy.The problem of the study 1) How is the implementation of students reading comprehension after using Top-down strategy at eighth grade students of MTs N Susukan in academic year 2017/2018?, 2) How is the improvement of students' reading comprehension using top-down strategy of the eight grade students of MTs N Susukan in academic year 2017/2018?. The objectives of the research are to find out the students reading comprehension before and after using top-down strategy at eighth grade students of MTs N Susukan in academic year 2017/2018and To find out the significant of students reading comprehension using top-down strategy at eighth grade students of MTs N Susukan in academic year 2017/2018. The methodology of the research is classroom action research. To find out the improvement of the students reading comprehension, the researcher used pre-test and post-test. She use two cycles, in each cycle consisted of two meetings, and each meeting consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of this research are that there was improvement of students reading comprehension by using top-down strategy. It conclude be seen from the mean score pre-test and post-test. In cycle 1, post-test is higher than pre-test: 78.00 > 66.66, and in cycle 2, post-test is also higher from pre-test 83.33> 73.00. Then, the result of t-test calculation in cycle 1 and 2 are higher than t-table with N= 30. The t-testarecycle 1 and cycle 2: 5.321 and 7.878. This indicates that applying top-down strategy could improve students reading comprehension.
Key word: Top-down Strategy, Reading Comprehension


One problem that occurs frequently in numerical linear algebra is the computation of the function of matrices that are too large to calculate directly. One such function is the trace of the inverse of A, which occurs in Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics,(LCQD), data mining, statistics, and uncertainty quantification. Several approaches have been proposed for this problem before. In the case of small matrices, a factorization approach can solve the problem exactly, but this becomes impractical for many matrices of interest, due to size. For larger matrices, purely statistical approaches are popular, since they allow for a bounded estimate which can be iteratively improved [1]. Another approach that can be taken is probing[2]. In many matrices, the magnitude of the elements of f(A)i,j decrease inversely with the graph theoretical distance between nodes i, j of A. Therefore, if we compute a k-distance coloring of A or its equivalent, a distance-1 coloring of A, we can recover the most important elements of diag(f(A)). The value of the nodes that share the same color can then be recovered by creating a probing vector consisting of all ones for nodes sharing the same color, and zeros everywhere else. Because of the block structure induced by coloring, the diagonal can be recovered using only n vectors, where n is the number of colors used to color A. Since the structure of A approximates the structure of f(A), if an iterative solver is used, these probing vectors can also be used to recover an approximation to the trace of f(A). A major shortcoming of this approach is the memory and computational time required to compute and store A which can increase very quickly as k grows, depending on the connectivity of the problem. Additionally, if the graph of the associated matrix is highly connected, as is the case in examples arising in social network analysis, A may quickly become completely dense. In this case the number of colors used will go from an amount insufficient to produce a good estimate, to assigning a unique color per node, which is equivalent to solving for every diagonal element individually. Finally, if after computing a trace approximation with a given k the accuracy of the trace computation is too low, a higher k must be selected, and the approximation recomputed. With classical probing, this means that the results of all the previously preformed solves must be discarded, since the intersection between sets of probing vectors for the two levels of colors is likely to be empty. To address this problem we first consider approaches from clustering algorithms. Clustering turns out to be exactly the opposite problem to the one we are attempting to solve. Clustering seeks to find groups of nodes which have a high degree of intergroup communication. While there are several approaches to this, many of them are expensive and cannot be applied to very large graphs. One of the solutions to this is to merge nodes which are close together, as in the METIS algorithm[3], thus producing a smaller, coarser version of the graph. Once the graph is small enough, a more expensive clustering algorithm can be applied. One popular choice for this is spectral clustering, which works by taking the eigenvectors of the k smallest eigenvalues of the Laplacian of the graph, and using these as points in k-dimensional space, which are then clustered. This approach is popular since it provides bounds on how far the


Once the rotation-side inner ring of 202, labyrinth-like to the outer ring 201 at the other end a stop side to be at the same time is inserted fixed in close contact with the gap between the attachment made of a non-magnetic material that is close-through For this reason, not the magnetic field of the pulsar ring not easy to disturbances caused by foreign matter and complete, such as an external magnetic field from the outside, it is possible to maintain a stable magnetic pattern.


Personnel reform in local college libraries needs to be improved with times. It needs the support both from the colleges and the society. The reform should be aimed at establishing the system of the arrangement, which includes establishing the appointment system for professional technical personnel, the checking system for the position ,the employment with flexibility and the guarantee system for sustained development.


With the influences of climate change and human activities, the resources and environment of "One Belt and One Road" are facing severe problems and challenges. This study aims to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamics of the drought environment and the response of vegetation cover to the drought by using drought indicators. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) drought severity index (GRACE-DSI) and GRACE water storage deficit index (GRACE-WSDI), were calculated to present hydrological drought. Moreover, based on GRACE, Water-Global Assessment and Prognosis (WaterGAP) model, and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data, the groundwater in Central Asia was retrieved to calculate the groundwater drought index called the GRACE Standardized Groundwater Level Index (GRACE-SGI). The results show that the annual precipitation in Central Asia increased slightly at a rate of 0.39 mm/year (p = 0.82) since 2000, while the temperature increased slightly at a rate of 0.05 ℃/year (p = 0.10). The water storage decreased significantly at -0.59 mm/year (p <0.01) and experienced a decrease-increase-decrease process. During the study period, the arid situation in Central Asia deteriorated, especially in the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea basin. From 2007 to 2015, the Central Asian environment was generally arid and suffered from different du-rations and degrees of hydrological and groundwater droughts. The drought indicators (i.e., GRACE-DSI, GRACE-WSDI) and the NDVI showed a significantly positive correlation during the growing season. However, the NDVI of cultivated land and grassland distribution areas in Central Asia showed a strong negative correlation with GRACE-SGI. It is concluded that the drought environment in Central Asia affected the growth of vegetation. The continued deterioration of the arid situation may further stress the ecological system in Central Asia.


From the declaration made by the African Mayors in Senegal; the Mayors and Municipal Health Officers of the Americas in Columbia; the City Executives of Cities and Local Governments of the World in Spain and in the context of the Millennium Development Goals MDG 1&7; there is a need for increased food production in urban and peri-urban areas UPA in the world. Sub-Saharan Africa faces more development challenges than any other major region of the world with most of the people living in slums, without access to adequate food, water, or sanitation. UPA contributes to increased food security, nutrition and livelihoods in a combination of ways giving access to consumer markets; less need for packaging, storage and transportation of food; potential agricultural-related jobs and incomes; non-market access to food for poor consumers; availability of fresh, perishable food. In Abuja FCT, 40% of the populations in UPA are farmers, a reason why the agricultural quality of its groundwater which is used for irrigation begs for our attention. 33% of the fresh vegetables in the Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) are produced in Abuja UPA. In order to assess groundwater for agro-industrial suitability the following were used: Physicochemical parameters (pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity), Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR, Permeability Index PI, Magnesium Adsorption Ratio MAR, Percent Sodium %Na, Kelly's Ratio KR and Residual Sodium Carbonate RSC and the Wilcox diagram. pH ranged from, 4.8 - 7.9; EC, 13.4 - 1634 μS/cm; Temperature, 26℃ - 36.1℃ and TDS, 17.42 - 1094.78 mg/L.SAR (0.1 > SAR %Na KR RSC PI MAR


Professor Piggott, when performing this same ritual in 1963, laid down that a Presidential Address to the Prehistoric Society should be concerned with generalities, but should be neither platitudinous nor dogmatic (Piggott 1963, 1). In one respect only can I confidently claim to meet this standard—I have given a very general title to my talk this afternoon. If only it were as easy to avoid the two mortal sins, especially the former. But that will be for you to judge, if you remain awake for so long! It is impossible for me not to begin by referring to what must be in the minds of many of you this afternoon. On this occasion just four years ago, the speaker was my immediate predecessor as President, T.G.E., or, as we all knew him, 'Terence' Powell, whose untimely death eighteen months ago, not long after completing his period of office, saddened us so much. He had of course struggled with illness over many years, and his completion of his term was in itself something of a triumph over his infirmities. It was so far from certain that he would be able to do so that his invitation to me to stand as his successor was made a year in advance, just in case. As it happened, that proved to be an unnecessary precaution, but his loss so soon afterwards has deprived us not only of the society and the counsel of a much-loved friend and colleague, but of some of the mature fruits of his scholarship as well. He was, among other things, engaged on a new book on the Iron Age of Western Europe, the first chapter of which (all that he had time to write) we have, as you will have seen, been able to publish as a paper in the current volume of our Proceedings, which is dedicated to his memory. Essentially a scholar in the traditional mould, Terence was nevertheless always a forward-looking person, ever ready to welcome new ideas and new methods, and a great believer in giving younger men their head. As President of the Prehistoric Society he tried consistently to put his beliefs in this matter into practice, feeling this to be no less essential for the good of the Society (which, as he said in his own Presidential Address, he always had very much at heart), and, through the Society, of prehistory in general, as for that of the younger prehistorians themselves. In this matter I can speak as one who had personal experience of his kindness and encouragement in the days, not long after the end of the war, when I was myself very much a beginner in archaeology, an undergraduate and later a research student from Cambridge, returning home to Liverpool in vacations and finding him always prepared to be interested in my doings and my progress. I can vividly remember my first meeting with him in 1948, soon after he had taken up his post there, when, armed with a letter of introduction from my Supervisor, Glyn Daniel, I penetrated into the recesses of the University Library to introduce myself, and found a small, bird-like figure seated at a table among the tall bookstacks, immersed in a large German periodical. The warm welcome which I received from him on that occasion was repeated on numerous subsequent visits and I profited greatly from the discussions we had. My reception was typical of that accorded to other young aspirants to be prehistorians who came to him for advice and help in later years. Whether they became his


The present invention relates to a transcoding system and method for solving the problem of synchronization and segmentation meta data to the AV content which occurs when stored for converting the MPEG stream from the transcoder (transcoder) using a segment browser to a different format. A timing synchronization unit for adjusting the timing parameters to the transcoding system according to the present invention can maintain the segmentation metadata and synchronization after transcoding, determining the transcoding conditions for determining the transcoding conditions to suit the end-user environment unit and, according to the determined conditions, and re-compress the reconstructed video sequence, comprised of an encoder for recording, including the above-described compressed video sequence to said adjusted timing parameter presentation time stamp (PTS) of the. According to the invention, it can be solved in the apparatus using a segment browser synchronization problems of the segmentation metadata and AV content efficiently.


Image steganography is a technique for hiding secret data in cover image. In recent years, chaotic systems have become increasingly important in steganography. This paper proposes an embedding technique based on cyclic chaos, which effectively embeds secret messages into color images. The cyclic chaos is divided into two parts: the chaotic function of generating seeds and the pseudo random number generator (PRNG). A pixel is found through the chaotic cycle system, and a three-bit secret message is embedded into the R, G, and B channels of the pixel through a specific embedding algorithm. Compared with other color image embedding methods, the proposed algorithm has higher visual quality and improved security.


By introducing the nonlinear dispersion term,the higher-order bottom effect term and the energy dissipation terms,an extended hyperbolic mild slope equation is deduced from the time-dependent mild slope equation.Based on this equation, a wave transmission numerical model is established by ADI method and applied to the calculation of waves propagating over an elliptic shoal,a sinusoidal ripple patch and a plane beach with a slope.The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data,which indicates that the present model is capable of performing a good simulation of wave refraction,diffraction,reflection,shoaling,weak nonlinearity,rapidly varying topography effect and breaking in near shore region.


The GLuskap software package for creating and editing graphs in 3D has been extended to include 3D printing of graphs by exporting the graph to a common file format capable of being printed on most commercially available 3D printers.


In 1972, the United Nations (UN) held its first international environmental conference in Stockholm with 113 participating countries and during the conference, participants agreed that the environm ...


Today's Internet mainly relies on TCP protocol to ensure reliable communications between two endpoints. Unfortunately, this widely-used protocol may incur significant delay when transmitting lost packets. Indeed, with TCP, the source of the data detects lost packets using a timeout or duplicated acknowledgements before retransmitting them. As a result, the delay needed for a packet to reach the destination may become significant. This delay is estimated to be at least three times the end-to-end delay when the packet is lost once and could be even worse when the same packet is lost several times. As a matter of fact, this high delay cannot be tolerated by critical applications.To address this problem, in this paper, we focus on minimizing TCP retransmission delays and we introduce a novel network function called Transport Assistant that could be deployed within the network in order to cache, detect and retransmit lost packets. Thanks to this function, there is no need to wait for the source to detect and retransmit lost packets as the TA ensures packet retransmission from the network itself and thereby minimize retransmission delays. Through extensive experiments, we show that the TA allows to outperform the standard TCP by minimizing the average packet transmission time, the flow completion time, the packet loss and the number of retransmitted packets from the source.


This study, as part of the project to produce a European document for the linguistic and educational integration of children and adolescents from migrant backgrounds, aims to shed light on the educational principles, concepts, orientations and goals behind capitalising on the plurilingual repertoires of children from minority and migrant backgrounds at school. It also aims to provide policymakers and practitioners with practical ways of activating and developing plurality on the basis of respect for persons and needs, as part of an ethical approach geared to commitment and social cohesion.


We present the flexdiam dialogue management architecture, which was developed in a series of projects dedicated to tailoring spoken interaction to the needs of users with cognitive impairments in an everyday assistive domain, using a multimodal front-end. This hybrid DM architecture affords incremental processing of uncertain input, a flexible, mixed-initiative information grounding process that can be adapted to users' cognitive capacities and interactive idiosyncrasies, and generic mechanisms that foster transitions in the joint discourse state that are understandable and controllable by those users, in order to effect a robust interaction for users with varying capacities.


Most of the underground coal in the United States is mined via room-and-pillar mining methods with continuous miners. The machines operate intermittently because they have to wait for shuttle cars to interchange positions. To overcome this discontinuity in shuttle car haulage and to realize the full production potential of continuous miners, the U.S. Bureau of Mines developed a multiple-unit continuous haulage (MUCH) system. The MUCH system consists of 12 rubber-tired vehicles and a bridge conveyor. The rubber-tired vehicles are connected by a unique mechanical linkage system to form a 250-ft train. The mechanical linkage permits the vehicles to track-retrack the preceding vehicle in both inby and outby directions. The cut coal cascades from one vehicle to another until it is discharged on the section conveyor belt. The MUCH system provides continuous haulage to the continuous miner.


The half-life of an E&P Fifteen years into the life of a journal seems an appropriate point to ask questions about its impact. Of course, many of the most important questions and answers are essentially qualitative, and there are other people (notably the founding editor and the coeditors) more appropriately placed to tackle such issues. Nevertheless, some useful quantitative indices can also be considered. Certain of these will be wellknown to readers: for example, the development from two issues with a total of 239 pages in 1969, to a monthly journal with a total of 1706 pages in 1982—the flagship of a wider family of four Environment and Planning journals. Other quantitative indices are likely to be less well-known but they can usefully be extracted from the wealth of material contained within the latest issue (1981) of the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) volume of the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Clearly, any single ranking of the impact of a journal must be regarded with considerable caution, and any citation index must have particular biases. Nevertheless, some impression of the impact which Environment and Planning A has achieved can be gained from a comparison of the performance of this journal against that of nine other urban and regional studies and geography journals (Geographical Analysis, Regional Studies, Journal of Regional Science, Urban Studies, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Economic Geography, Regional Science and Urban Economics, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie). These journals are representative of the research areas covered by Environment and Planning A and together they provide 11.5% of the 2773 citations in Environment and Planning A articles in 1981 to other journals covered in the SSCI, the Science Citation Index (SCI), and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (A &HCD. Where appropriate, and where information is available, other geography and transportation science journals are added to this common set to indicate the wider range of rankings and index values.


This paper compares three different linear procedures for classification: the normal one, the canonical one and a distribution-free one recently described by Heuchenne. The study is mainly conducted using a simulation which makes it possible to compute the probabilities of correct allocation of the three methods in 3888 different cases. The normal rule looks slightly better than Heuchenne's, which looks clearly better than the canonical one. Finally, inference on Heuchenne's method is examined and conditions under which this method is optimal are given.


The present invention relates to the field of household appliances, particularly to a method for controlling toaster. Breadmaker an accurate quantitative control method comprising the steps of: a fixed ratio to obtain the bread dough mixing raw materials; baking experiments, several sets of data collected on a plurality of sets of data obtained by fitting the weight of the dough baking quadratic function of time, the controller according to the weight of the dough into the weight sensor in the toaster and the weight of the dough to obtain a quadratic function of the baking time, the baking time to give the desired, to achieve the setting of the entire process flow of the bread . Exact quantification method of the present invention to control breadmaker weight of the dough and baking time fitted to a quadratic function, accurately set the baking time according to the actual weight of the dough, so that regardless of each wanted multiple bread, are likely to achieve the best baking results, flexibility of use and improved the taste of the bread toaster.


Deep neural networks (DNNs) have revolutionized the way remotely sensed hyperspectral image (HSI) data are managed and processed. For instance, residual networks (ResNets) have achieved high classification accuracy by applying sequential transformations (layer by layer) on the input HSI data, obtaining highly discriminative data representations. However, these models are quite complex, with significant requirements in terms of memory resulting from the large number of parameters that they need to learn, which also leads to potential overfitting issues. In this work, we specifically address the aforementioned problem by re-interpreting a DNN (the ResNet) as a continuous transformation, instead of the traditional (discrete) step-by-step approach. To achieve this, we combine ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with DNN architectures for the first time in the HSI data classification literature. This allows us to perform remotely sensed HSI data classification in an efficient way in terms of number of parameters. Our experimental results, conducted using two well-known HSI data sets, indicate that the inclusion of ODEs in the architecture of DNNs offers significant advantages when processing and classifying this kind of high-dimensional data, achieving better performance even with less training data.


This article shows how projects on S & T networks were and have been carried out at the Agronomic Institute of Parana (Iapar). As regards the methodological procedures, this research is a case study characterized as qualitative, descriptive and sectional with a longitudinal perspective. Two projects were selected taking into consideration the ones which offered a broader vision of the institute. This selection was based on information from magazines with people who had run Iapar since its foundation. Data was collected directly (by means of semi-structured interviews with those in charge, as well as researchers involved in the projects) and indirectly (documental research). The comprehension of the phenomenon under study was fundamentally based on the interpretation taken from the researchers' speech. The analysis of the projects in different periods showed that their meaning has changed throughout the time. The first networks were formed to fulfill Iapar's social role in the state of Parana, in Brazil. More recently, the projects conducted in networks by the institute have primarily aimed at fund raising and obtaining its legitimacy before the state and society.


The present study carried out the length-length, length-weight relationships and condition factors of two freshwater barbs Puntius sophore and Puntius ticto from Padma river of Bangladesh. The length-length relationships with total length among different body lengths for P. sophore and P. ticto were found highly significant with all "r" values ranged from 0.888 to 0.997 for P. sophore and 0.897 to 0.996 for P. ticto. The interrelationships among the length parameters were also found highly significant with all "r" values being >0.872 both for P. sophore and P. ticto. The length-weight relationship equations were obtained as TW=0.00831TL 3.015 for P. sophore and TW=0.00647TL 3.021 for P. ticto and found highly significant. The observed (Ko), calculated (Kc) and relative (Kn) condition factors showed little variation for both the species and maintained fairly same patterns among them. Findings of the present work would be helpful for fishery managers as well as the sustainable management of freshwater barbs of Bangladesh as well as other countries of the world.


This paper is based upon a presentation given at the 1974 Arden House Digital Signal Processing Workshop. The presentation discussed a method for designing two-dimensional recursive digital filters using a differential correction algorithm. A brief description of the algorithm and some design examples will be presented here. This design approach is compared to a similar approach used by Bednar and Farmer [1].


Anisotropy in the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma with magnetized electrons and weakly magnetized ions is experimentally investigated using a directional Langmuir probe. Under an assumption of independent EEDFs in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field, the directional variation of the EEDF is evaluated. In the measured EEDFs, a significantly large population density of electrons with energies larger than 30 eV is found in one of the cross-field directions depending on the magnetic field direction. With the aid of an electron trajectory calculation, it is suggested that the observed anisotropic electrons originate from the EEDF anisotropy and the cross-field electron drift.


The Victorian Totalisator Agency Board (TAB) was privatised by the Victorian state government in 1994, creating a publicly owned company TABCORP Holdings Limited. The purpose of this paper is to review the rationale, process and impact of the privatisation of the TAB. It is argued that the Victorian TAB was privatised to reduce state government debt, secure the long term future of the Victorian racing industry, and modernise the operational capability of a statutory authority ill-placed to compete in a rapidly changing Australian gambling marketplace. While the process of privatisation attracted a degree of controversy, privatising the TAB delivered significant economic and political benefits to the state of Victoria, shareholders of TABCORP, and the Victorian racing industry. The future growth strategies of commercial gambling enterprises in Australia are in part dictated by the challenges and constraints posed by a state-based regulatory regime for gambling in Australia.


The behavior of NiTi was determined under non-isothermal conditions at 700(°C), 750(°C), 850(°C) and 950(°C) and ram speed 25 mm/s. This paper summarized the work on the equal channel angular extrusion(ECAE) behavior of the NiTi alloy, which is hot-worked via non-isothermal ECAE. Processing at each of the three temperatures via ECAE can refine the initial coarse grains of NiTi (as-received) through shear deformation after first pass. The optical microscopy revealed that the developments of microstructure are quite different under different hot-working conditions.


The Survey of Israel (SOI) is a Government Agency, under the Minister of Construction and Housing, operating since 1948 and is the successor of the British Survey of Palestine that was established in 1920. SOI employs today a staff of 250 government employees and 50 additional staff. SOI is the national organization responsible for licensing, directing and inspecting surveyors, for definition the professional policy and regulations and for creation and maintaining the national infrastructure in geodesy, cadastre, mapping and geo-information. During last years SOI is undergoing a fast upgrade of its technological environment and its activities and services. This paper elaborates on the current status of the activities of the Survey of Israel in the various fields of its responsibilities. This includes geodesy, cadastre and geo-information as well as regulation of the profession. The author serves as the Director General of the Survey of Israel.


The author, Chairman of the Sociology Department in the University of California at Santa Barbara, cites the dangers of applying significance tests to a single correlation when the goal is to generalize in time and area.


The belief that certain congenital anomalies might be caused by mechanical factors in utero dates back to Hippocrates and has been readvanced in our own times by Browne (1936, 1955) and Chapple & Davidson (1941). However, the hypothesis was for the most part based on anecdotal clinical evidence and, at any rate by 1960, had failed to gain wide support (Browne 1960, Corner 1960). In that year I commenced a number of clinicopathological studies on this subject which were brought together in a thesis in 1969. In this paper I shall summarize some of the epidemiological data collected between 1960 and 1963. Before doing so, however, it is necessary to draw a distinction between congenital malformations and deformations. I use the term 'malformation' to describe defects that are likely to have arisen during the period of organogenesis, while 'deformation' is reserved for defects arising after the embryonic period that appear to be alterations in a previously normally formed part. Thus, while the former are essentially teratological embryopathies (Fig IA), the latter are nonteratological feetopathies (Fig 1B). Some of the main characteristics and differences between these two groups are shown in Table 1. In my thesis (Dunn 1969) I reached the conclusions that quite gentle forces, if persistently applied, were capable of producing deformities; that such deformation occurred much more readily in the presence of growth; that the foetus


Sir, Nitrous oxide has gained a renewed interest for procedural pain management in children (1–3). There is, however, a debate concerning the potential negative health effects associated with chronic workplace exposure (4–7). Most countries have specific ambient air quality recommendations in terms of timeweighted average (TWA) limits and short-term exposure levels (STEL) (8–10). Following ethics committee approval TWA concentration was measured using nitrous oxide diffusion samplers (Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA, Lubeck, Germany) attached to nurse's uniform collar and short STEL of nitrous oxide was evaluated by a non-depressive infrared red (NDIR) spectrometer (Rosemount Analytical, NGA 2000, MLT 4; Emerson Process Management, Health Place, West Sussex, UK) sampling air at a face level. Venous blood was sampled before and after a nitrous oxide-free vacation from two nurses with main responsibility for the nitrous oxide procedural pain management, each subject serving as its own control, analysed for serum homocysteine, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. The gas mixture was delivered by free flow via a Bains circuit with a double mask (Medicvent) system for scavenging of waste gas. Room ventilation corresponded to two to three air changes per hour (0.35 l/s/m). Forty-three procedures ranging from 7 to 39 min were studied Fig. 1; median STEL value was 27 [2–515] p.p.m. Two of the 43 measured STEL values were just outside set limits. Both these measurements were taken during the nine occasions when the scavenging system had accidentally not been activated. Median TWA for the 11 samples was 4 [1–30] p.p.m. All blood values studied were within normal limits and there were no signs of changes in the levels of homocysteine or other blood status values between those measured before and after a nitrous oxide-free period. Personnel health is an important topic and all efforts should be taken to secure good work environment. The findings of this study are reassuring for the safe use of nitrous oxide in paediatric procedural pain management as long as scavenging systems are used. None of the TWA values measured were above the limits common in Europe, although one was above the American National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) limit of 25 p.p.m. More important, short-term exposure measurements were all below set limits as long as the scavenging systems were activated. STEL was just above recommended levels in the two occasions when the scavenger accidentally had not been activated. The importance of adequate scavenging has been shown also in previous studies (11, 12) in operating theatre environment and is of course of even more importance in an outpatient facility with lower basic room ventilation. In summary, STEL and TWA of nitrous oxide were found well below set recommendation during procedural pain management in children as long as adequate scavenging was assured and no signs of hyperhomocystaemina or macrocytosis could be seen among personnel routinely admininstering nitrous oxide for alleviating pain in children in an outpatient facility.


The automated interoperability of cyber-physical system components is a feature enabling the construction of more flexible and robust automation solutions. We describe the issues related to integration and propose a Plug&Play solution that allows plugging a self-describing device producing self-described data to a larger system. This solution utilizes OPC Unified Architecture (UA) and Semantic Web technologies to achieve integration at various levels. We illustrate and discuss this approach on our developed Semantic Big Data Historian and experimental cyber-physical system, which was proposed to resolve the hydroelectric power plant "stop-problem."


South and North Korea both use the Korean language. However, Korean natural language processing (NLP) research has mostly focused on South Korean language. Therefore, existing NLP systems in the Korean language, such as neural machine translation (NMT) systems, cannot properly process North Korean inputs. Training a model using North Korean data is the most straightforward approach to solving this problem, but the data to train NMT models are insufficient. To solve this problem, we constructed a parallel corpus to develop a North Korean NMT model using a comparable corpus. We manually aligned parallel sentences to create evaluation data and automatically aligned the remaining sentences to create training data. We trained a North Korean NMT model using our North Korean parallel data and improved North Korean translation quality using South Korean resources such as parallel data and a pre-trained model. In addition, we propose Korean-specific pre-processing methods, character tokenization, and phoneme decomposition to use the South Korean resources more efficiently. We demonstrate that the phoneme decomposition consistently improves the North Korean translation accuracy compared to other pre-processing methods.


FIELD: coal mining, particularly to produce difficult-to-recover and depleted carbons. SUBSTANCE: method involves heat-treating at least part of carbon formation by supplying heat generated by one or more heaters to heat at least part of carbon formation; producing fluid therefrom; producing at least part of refined coal from treated carbon formation. EFFECT: possibility to increase coal part category, which results in coal part quality improvement and increased efficiency of coal bed development. 13 cl, 19 dwg, 1 tbl


With cloud computing, big data, and Internet of Things technologies are increasingly applied in "source-net-load storage", the number of accesses to various general-purpose and special-purpose intelligent terminals at the perception layer has increased dramatically. In order to improve the efficiency of data processing and provide more reliable data decision-making services, this paper discusses the multi-source heterogeneous data integration and fusion technology of power Internet of things. First of all, the functional architecture of power Internet of things is studied from the perception layer, network layer, platform layer and application layer. Secondly, the challenges and types of data fusion of power Internet of things are described in detail. Furthermore, the requirements of heterogeneous data acquisition and integration in the whole scene of power Internet of things are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, a multi-source heterogeneous data fusion technology framework for power Internet of things is proposed, which provides a reference for the construction of power intelligent Internet of things system.


The utility model relates to a constant current drive circuit for realizing high brightness LED lamp through utilizing switch power supply chip to control a switching element, which comprises input, an auxiliary power supply circuit, the switching element, a PWM control chip and drive, filtering output, voltage feedback, current amplification, a constant-current loop and high brightness LED lamps. The circuit mode control is used to realize constant current drive of a single high brightness LED lamp or a plurality of high brightness LED lamps connected in parallel or series, the efficiency is high, the constant current control precision is accurate, the temperature stability is good, the constant current drive circuit can stably control the brightness of the high brightness LED lamps, the light decay of the high brightness LED lamps is reduced, the service life of the high brightness LED lamps is prolonged, a voltage feedback circuit can guarantee stable output voltage, and the high brightness LED lamps can be reliably protected. The constant current drive circuit has constant voltage and constant current output characteristics, can realize constant current drive of the high brightness LED lamps, has good driving effect and utilization value to the popularization of high brightness LED lamp illumination, and can realize new illumination and energy-saving goals.


Hexagonal array devices are widely used in optical communication and optical computing. Near field Talbot array illuminator is an ideal method for the illumination of these devices. Ultrafast pulse provides high transmission bit-rate and high peak energy, thus it is favorable for optical communication, diffractive optics, and other applications. In this paper we studied the hexagonal array Talbot effect under ultrafast pulse illumination. Ultrafast pulse has wide wavelength spectra range, and each spectral component corresponds to a unique wavelength that is directly relating to the Talbot distance. Thus the Talbot effect of hexagonal array is different from those of continuous wave in a whole. From the experimental result we can see that, comparing with that of the monochromic illumination, the efficiency and contrast of ultrafast pulse illumination are decreased. The result should be highly interesting for ultrafast fiber communication as well as other optical devices.


PURPOSE: A program synchronization method and a system for implementing the same between multiple devices using a digital watermark are provided to offer additional information related to a current watching time point or an additional service by matching an audio watermark with digital contents. CONSTITUTION: At least more than one device (320) receives an audio signal from digital contents played in a first device (320) and extracts a digital watermark from the audio signal. A watermark management server (400) inquires program name or additional information matched with the digital watermark from pre-stored data according to reception of the digital watermark extracted from more than one device and provides the inquired information to more than one device. [Reference numerals] (310) First device; (320) Second device; (400) Watermark maintenance server; (AA) N-screen; (BB) Digital content; (CC) Screen; (DD) Audio signal receiving part; (EE) Watermark extraction part; (FF) Transfer extracted data; (GG) Provide additional information about the name of a program


The purpose of this article is to examine fundamental considerations for the design of high-throughput hump yards. The concepts are a systematic set of interrelated system design considerations that are necessary to achieve a safely operating high-throughput yard. The design considerations evolve from the relationship between the velocity of cars at the hump crest and the velocity of cars in the switching area. On the basis of the velocity relationship, the design of the yard is divided into two basic areas--the front section and the back section. Objective of front section design is to create sufficient headway for switching and of the back a minimization of impact velocities on class tracks.


Abstract Emergency procedures and critical care of rabbits are similar to those of other mammals. However, special attention must be paid to the unique physiology and anatomy of the rabbit when performing life-saving measures on these patients. Nasogastric tube placement allows for continuous nutritional support as well as easy administration of fluids and medications. Nasogastric tube placement should be considered in critically ill rabbits when syringe feeding is not an option because of associated stress and/or oropharyngeal disease. Enteral feeding decreases the likelihood of colic, aids in stimulating the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, and reduces opportunities for bacterial translocation.


The influence of feeding frequency was evaluated on weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion and survival of jundia juveniles. Twelve groups of 280 fish (7.47 ± 1.73 g) were each stocked in twelve ponds (2 fish/m2) and fed to apparent satiety an extruded commercial feed containing 42% CP In four feeding schedules: 1, 2, 3 and 4 times a day, in triplicate, for 120 days (May to September, 2003). Average weight gain was recorded by sampling 10% of the total fish/pond approximately every forty days. Water quality was monitored throughout the experimental period by measuring temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, ammonia, alkalinity and hardness which were 18.1 ± 0.1oC, 7.9 ± 0.2 mg/L, 8.0 ± 0.8, 109 ± 29 cm, 0.5 mg/L, 46 mg/L CaCO3, and 40 mg/L CaCO3, respectively. Fish weight gain and specific growth rate increased as feeding frequency increased. Juveniles fed four times a day showed significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than fish fed just once a day. Feed conversion did not differ significantly among feeding frequencies, however survival was significantly higher for the groups fed three times a day when compared to the ones fed only once a day. Therefore, jundia juveniles weighing from 8 to 45 g should be fed at least twice a day, when raised in earthen ponds at an average water temperature of 18oC.


The Intelligent Business Cloud enables You to turn Your processes into extraordinary experiences by utilizing process mining technologies to dig into Your transactional data – where ground-up transformation starts. Due to the transparency provided by the Intelligent Business Cloud immediate actions can be taken to remove friction and drive performance. The success of optimization measures can be reviewed all at once and long-term trends as well as root causes causing frictions can be continuously monitored.


The physical mechanism behind the TeV γ-ray source observed at the centre of the Galaxy is still unknown. One intriguing possibility is that the accretion flow on to the central supermassive black hole is responsible for accelerating protons to TeV energies which then diffuse outwards to interact with molecular gas at distances of ~1 pc. Here, we build on our earlier detailed calculations of the proton transport to consider the time and energy dependence of the TeV signal following a burst of particle acceleration at Sgr A * . We find that, due to the strong energy dependence of the proton diffusion, any variability in the particle acceleration rate will only be visible in the TeV signal after a delay of ~10 yr and only at energies of ≳10 TeV. If the accelerator is long-lived, it must have been running for at least 10 4 yr and have a hard proton injection spectrum of α = 0.75 (where dn/dE inj ∝ E -α ) in order to produce the correct amount of high-energy γ-ray flux. This rapid diffusion of high-energy protons also rules out the possibility that the observed TeV source is directly related to the period of increased activity of Sgr A* that ended ~ 100 yr ago. However, a good fit to the observed HESS data was found with α = 2.7 for the scenario of a brief (~few year long) burst of particle acceleration that occurred ~10 yr ago. If such bursts are common, then they will keep the TeV source energized and will likely produce spectral variability at ≳10 TeV on ≲5-yr time-scales. This model also implies that particle acceleration may be an important mechanism in reducing the radiative efficiency of weakly accreting black holes.


The authors studied the hemodynamics in small aneurysms from the viewpoint of the Doppler effect with continuous waves, using an in vitro test model and in vivo experiments during brain surgery. A significant difference in pattern was confirmed between the hemodynamics in small aneurysms and the normal intra-arterial hemodynamics. The results of these studies were clinically applied in two patients, one with a giant aneurysm and one with a large aneurysm, using a transcranial pulsed-wave Doppler unit. The intra-aneurysmal and the parent artery signals were monitored through the skull. Comparison of these sonagrams revealed a significant difference. The difference in sonagraphic patterns between the intra-aneurysmal blood flow and the intra-arterial flow is discussed, and the possibility that this method would provide a completely noninvasive screening test for intracranial aneurysms is mentioned.


Knowledge on digestive proteases enzymes of insects needed for making plant expressing protease inhibitors to reach an alternative method to chemical control. In present study, biochemical properties of digestive proteases were determined in the alimentary canal of the small black and yellow wasp, Allantus viennensis Schr. (Hym.: Tenthredinidae) as important pest of Rose bushes. Larvae of A. viennensis were collected from rose plants in Rasht, Guilan province of Iran in summer (2016). Determining the proteolytic activity in gut of different larval instar of A. viennensis (2-5) showed that the enzyme activity increased with growing the larvae. The higher activity was found in the fifth instars larvae (7.46±0.06 μmol-1min-1mg-1 protein). Also, comparison of proteolytic activities in different parts of digestive system of the fifth instars larvae showed that the enzyme activity in midgut was higher than that found in the foregut and hindgut. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity in gut of fifth instars larvae were found at pH 10 and 30°C, respectively. Most inhibitory effect on the protease activity was obtained by PMSF as serine proteinases inhibitor (36.85%). The results of SDS-PAGE confirm the obtained data of inhibition assay. It showed that the serine proteinases are the major hydrolysing enzymes in the gut of larvae of A. viennensis.


In pulmonary vascular remodelling, the lining smooth muscle cells undergo various forms of growth involving cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Differences in the growth pattern between central and peripheral regions suggested that cells from both should be obtained when investigating the cellular basis for the remodelling. Accordingly, we have obtained two smooth muscle cell types in culture: a cell from the central pulmonary artery (CC) and a cell morphologically similar to a pericyte (PC), from the periphery of the lung. Both cell types gave positive immunostaining for α‐smooth muscle isoactin. In vivo, the α‐isoactin was immunolocalized in the extracapillary vasculature. Quantitative two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell extracts showed that PC express more vimentin and gelsolin than CC. Despite the differences between PC and CC in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins, their response to growth factors was similar. Both cell types increased DNA synthesis when stimulated by exogenous PDGF‐AB. This occurred in the absence of exogenous progression factors, but depended on a post‐competence, suramin‐sensitive mechanism that probably represents an autocrine progression factor. The cells were also stimulated by IGF‐1 alone, in the absence of exogenous competence factors. At an IGF‐1 concentration of 1 ng/ml, this response appeared specific for the IGF‐1 receptor and was sensitive to pretreatment with pertussis toxin, thus implicating a role for a G protein. © 1994 wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A monitor system is presented in this paper which is used to measure the harmonic voltages and currents of a three-phase source in a power network. In accordance with the principles of harmonic measurement of digital sampling, this system does synchronous sampling for three voltage signals and three current signals analyzing the harmonics. A synchronous sampling impulse circuit is added in hardware to reduce errors caused by leakage effects, and a quasisynchronous sampling algorithm is used in software design. To reduce errors further, the system can monitor and analyze the fundamental wave and harmonics up to the 50/sup th/ order in real-time.


The focus of this article is on voluntary (non-statutory) initiatives for integrated coastal management (ICM) in the United Kingdom (U.K.) that undertake planning and management for 50–300 km stretches of coast or discrete ecosystems such as estuaries. They are a partnership of organisations and interest groups, rather than a single organisation. They form one kind of response to coastal issues alongside government licensing and regulation, and community-based initiatives, each operating at a variety of scales. They represent a relatively new type of approach to dealing with coastal issues and managing coastal information. In contrast to sectoral management, focused on regulatory and technical solutions, they take a partnership approach to bring together public, private, and voluntary


As public universities in Taiwan are state-dependent organizations and historically enjoy higher prestige than private universities and receive more talented students, faculty and resources, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how the public universities are governed. Due to a worldwide public administration reform phenomenon since the late 1970s, New Public Management (NPM) is assumed as the superiority of managerial techniques. This study is to analyze, particularly, how the leading public universities in Taiwan strategize to pursue international competitiveness in the globalized era through the lens of New Public Management. Not only review of literature and legislative documents are utilized to analyze the overall situation of governance of public universities in Taiwan. In order to learn at first-hand about stakeholders' perspectives, the author also interviewed eleven participants, ranging from vice presidents, senior administrators, to students, from public universities to gain the insights. The interview result data analysis was carried out inductively via coding using the ATLAS.ti software. The result suggests that NPM principles have yet to be firmly incorporated into Taiwan's higher education and university global competitiveness can be enhanced if the elements of NPM can be applied in university governance since the effectiveness and efficiency of its operation can be improved. On this basis, future research can be focused on what causes the retardation in the implementation of the NPM practice in Taiwan's higher education and how to enhance a university governance structure or model, especially in the country where bureaucratic structure and top-down decision making model in HEIs remains dominant.


The influence of strain waves traveling across a semiconductor quantum dot on the optical spectra of the lowest quantum dot transition is analyzed. Pure dephasing interactions between electronic and phononic degrees of freedom in quantum dot systems are considered, which represent the most important type of electron-phonon interaction in strongly confined quantum dots. For the case of excitation by ultrafast laser pulses, a generating function formalism provides analytical results, which are exact within the framework of the model. Two situations are compared: (i) a phonon wave packet is generated by the optical excitation of a single-quantum dot near a surface, which after reflection at the surface reenters the quantum dot and (ii) a phonon wave packet is generated by the excitation of a nearby second dot and then travels across the quantum dot. Although the displacement fields passing the dot are almost identical in these two situations, we find that the real time responses as well as the corresponding spectra exhibit qualitative differences and thus allow for a discrimination of phonon wave packets from different origins.


Evidences of Critical Thinking in the Writing of First-Year College Students Shannon Bryn Soper Department of English, BYU Master of Arts A healthy civil society depends on citizens who have mature critical thinking skills and a willingness to entertain opposing points of view. The development of critical thinking in young adults has long been studied, but there has been little agreement on what the attributes of critical thinking are and how to reliably assess them. While many studies have attempted to assess the critical thinking abilities of college students, none have yet measured critical thinking through using the Critical Thinking Analytic Rubric (CTAR) to assess first-year college students' writing. This study used a modified version of the CTAR rubric to investigate students' critical thinking in writing completed for an American Heritage course. Four hypotheses were tested: (1) that raters would use the rubric with high inter-rater reliability estimates; (2) that there would be a significant relationship between the scores from the earlier holistic rubric used in the 2015 Hansen et al. study and the scores from the analytic rubric used in this study; (3) that there would be a significant relationship between analytic scores and ACT and GPA scores; (4) that there would be a significant relationship between essay score and gender. Findings included the following: (1) The inter-rater reliability for the overall scores of the papers was 0.898, which exceeds the 0.70 acceptable level. However, the inter-rater reliability for sub-scores was negative and required further investigation. (2) There was no significant relationship between the scores of the Hansen et al. study and this study. (3) There was no significant relationship between essay scores and ACT and GPA scores. (4) There was a significant relationship between essay scores and gender, with female students scoring higher than male students.


Protolysis of alkylaluminum compounds with silsesquioxanes is an efficient procedure to synthesize both Lewis and Bronsted acidic aluminosilsesquioxanes. Treatment of AlEt3 with (c-C5H9)(7)Si7O9(OH)(3) and (c-C5H9)(7)Si7O9(OSiMe3)(OH)(2) gives the corresponding Lewis acidic aluminosilsesquioxanes, {[ (c-C5H9)(7)Si7O12]Al}(n) (1) and [ (c-C5H9)(7)Si7O11(OSiMe3)]AlEt . NEt3 (2). By allowing AlEt3 to react with two equivalents of (C-C5H9)(7)Si7O9(OSiMe3)(OH)(2), the Bronsted acidic aluminosilsesquioxane [(c-C5H9)(7)Si7O11(OSiMe3)]Al[(c-C5H9)(7)Si7O10(OSiMe3)(OH)] (3) is selectively formed. H-1 NMR and IR spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that complex 3 contains a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond. Although the high strength of this hydrogen bond reduces the Bronsted acidity of 3 substantially, 3 can easily be deprotonated by amines to yield the corresponding ammonium salts {[(cC(3)H(9))(7)Si7O11(OSiMe3)](2)Al}-X+ (X = Et3NH 4a, PhN(H)Me-2 4b, C5H5NH 4c). The X-ray crystal structure of 4a demonstrates that the ammonium cation is bonded to the aluminosilsesquioxane anion by a hydrogen bond. The corresponding lithium salt {[(c-C5H9)(7)Si7O11(OSiMe3)](2)Al}(-){Li . 2THF}(+) (5) could best be prepared by protolysis of (c-C5W9)(7)Si7O9(OSiMe3)(OH)(2) with half an equivalent of LiAlH4.


Tree detection and tree crown delineation from Airborne LiDAR has been focusing mostly on utilizing the canopy height model (CHM). This paper presents a method for individual tree crown delineation based on densities of high points (DHP) from the high resolution Airborne LiDAR. The DHP method relies on the fact that the density of received laser pulses above a certain height is high at the centre of a tree crown and decreases towards the edge of the crown. In this study, the performance of this method is compared to the CHM approach. The results demonstrate that tree delineation based on DHP is at least comparable to the CHM approach. The DHP based approach performs better compared to the CHM especially for trees with almost flat-top crown shape. However, post-processing on tree crown segments is still necessary to improve the overall accuracy of tree detection and tree crown delineation.


In a 3-yr pasture trial, herbage yield and cattle preference were recorded on a small plot area which was mob-grazed by cattle. Sampling grazed plots with quadrats had greater variability associated with the technique than traditional mechanical harvesting techniques, but the technique allowed grazing to continue on the remaining plot area so that other information such as cattle preference ratings could be collected. Results indicated that differences (P < 0.001) in herbage yield between cultivars could be detected despite having greater coefficients of variation than traditional mechanical harvesting methods and that differences (P < 0.001) in cattle preference could be determined using visual rating scores. Key words: Grass, cattle, preference, yield, forage


Lithological and hydrological influence on fluvial physical and chemical erosion was studied in a glacierized sedimentary basin with high evaporite presence. Suspended particulate matter (SPM), total dissolved solids (TDS) and major ion concentrations were analysed for 2 years of different hydrologic condition: (i) 2009–2010, Q = 100% average; and (ii) 2010–2011, Q = 60% average. Annual hydrograph was simple regime‐type with one peak in summer related to snow melting. The intra‐annual SPM and TDS variations were directly and inversely associated to Q, respectively. Snow chemistry showed continental influence (Na+/Ca2+ = 0.17), and atmospheric input of TDS was <1% of the total exported flux. River water was highly concentrated in Ca2+ and SO42− (~4 mmol l−1) and in Na+ and Cl− (~3 mmol l−1). Ca2+/SO42− and Na+/Cl− molar ratios were ~1 and related to Q, directly and inversely, respectively. Major ion relationships suggest that river chemistry is controlled by evaporite (gypsum and halite) dissolution having a summer input from sulfide oxidation and carbonate dissolution, and a winter input from subsurface flow loaded with silicate weathering products. This variation pattern resulted in nearly chemostatic behaviour for Ca+, Mg2+ and SO42−, whereas Na+, Cl− and SiO2 concentrations showed to be controlled by dilution/concentration processes.


Molecular bean epitaxy (MBE) technique is a useful method to grow III-V nitrides, especially those having a metastable crystal structure, like cubic GaN (c-GaN), because of the capability of in situ observation of growing surfaces and its non-equilibrium growth mechanism. The authors have grown c-GaN on GaAs and 3C-SiC substrates by gas source MBE using dimethylhydrazine or activated nitrogen beam as an N source, and measured their luminescent and optical properties. This paper summarizes the MBE growth and properties of c-GaN, comparing with those of hexagonal one, and the control of the crystal structures is discussed in terms of growth method, orientation of substrate surfaces and growth conditions.


INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of transvaginal ultrasonography in the assessment of myometrial invasion and cervical involvement (preoperative staging) of endometrial cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed on 52 women to classify endometrial cancer with respect to myometrial invasion and cervical involvement according to the International Federation of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians recommendations for surgical staging of endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer was diagnosed on the basis of dilatation and curettage and the degree of invasion was evaluated preoperatively by transvaginal ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic findings were compared to the surgical staging and histopathology of the surgical specimen.

RESULTS
Myometrial invasion evaluated by transvaginal sonography was accurate in 46 of 52 cases (accuracy 88%, sensitivity 86%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 92%, negative predictive value 83%). Tumor extension to the cervix was properly diagnosed in seven of ten women in which it was present.

CONCLUSION
Transvaginal ultrasonography is a reliable method for assessing myometrial invasion and cervical involvement. This non-invasive method should be included as an important tool in the establishment of individualized treatment programs for women with endometrial cancer.


Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloid cell leukelia-1 (MCL-1) protein and MCL-1 mRNA in cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and normal cervix. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and MCL-1 protein in 30 samples of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 10 samples of CIN and 10 samples of normal cervix, and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of MCL-1mRNA. Results The protein levels of IL-6 and MCL-1 were significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues than in normal cervix and CIN tissues (P<0.01), and MCL-1 protein expression was positively correlated to IL-6 protein expression (r=0.566, P<0.01); MCL-1mRNA expression was positively correlated to MCL-1 protein expression (r=0.772, P<0.01). Conclusion IL-6 and MCL-1 expression probably play an important regulating role in the pathogenesis and development of cervical cancer. It is conducive to screening the precancerosis and providing a cell factor target for the treatment of cervical cancer.


This study was conducted as an attempt to improve students' writing achievement in aprocedure text by using Still Pictures. The method of the study was Classroom ActionResearch with two cycles and six meetings. The subject of the study was the students ofGrade VII students' MTs. S. Syahbuddin Mustafa Nauli. The research was conducted intwo cycles and each cycle consists of three meetings. The instruments for collectingdata were taken from writing tests as quantitative data. The result shows theimprovement of the students' score from orientation test to Cycles I and II tests. Themean of the students' score for orientation test as Test I was 50.41, Cycle I test was66.25, and Cycle II test was 85.41. The total percentage of the improvement fromOrientation test to Cycles I and II tests was 99.2 %. It can be concluded that the use ofStill Pictures improves students' achievement in writing a procedure text. Thequalitative data taken from Observation Sheet and Diary Notes show that the students'were enthusiastic and attracted in writing a procedure text because the Still Picturesencourage their creativities and ideas to write better. For English teachers, it issuggested to use Still Pictures as one alternative media of teaching writing a proceduretext.


A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Gezira In Partial Fulfilment for the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in HaematologyDepartment of Haematology, Faculty of Medical laboratory science University of Gezira ,February 2016


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A reviewer SPIRAL FRESNEL. EC REFLECTOR IS OBTAINED BY MARKING OF SPIRAL PREDETERMINED DEVELOPED ON A FLAT REFLECTING SHEET MATERIAL, CUTTING OF SHEET FOR FORMING A SPIRAL THAT THEN WOUND UP 'THAT HIS aRMS 2 FOCUS TOWARDS THE LIGHT REFLECTED FOCAL AREA. DEVELOPED THE SPIRAL MAY HAVE A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FOCAL LENGTH SCOPE. HEATING APPARATUS USING SOLAR ENERGY.


Most guidelines do not recommend routine stress testing for asymptomatic patients with stable coronary heart disease. In the prospective observational Heart and Soul Study, researchers assessed the prognostic value of stress testing in more than 900 outpatients with stable CHD who were followed for a mean of 3.9 years.

On initial testing, …


The tunneling current is exponentially dependent on the separation gap between a pair of conductors. The detection of displacement can be, therefore, carried out by measurment of a variation in the tunneling current. In this experiment, we fabricated pyramid-type silicon tunneling devices in which a tunneling current flow between a micro-tip and thin film membrane. A MEMS process was used for the fabrication of the tunneling devices. The micro-tips were formed on Si wafers by undercutting a differently oriented square of with KOH. The stiffness of the films were observed and the model for the stiffness calculation, which is useful in predicting the stiffness even when the stiffness ranges beyond the scope of the normal experimental condition, was suggested.