In this study, improvement of near-dry machining (NDM) and its effect on tool wear in turning of AISI 4142 by carbide tool (DNMG 150608-PM) is investigated. First, the preparation of experimental setup was carried out, and then, some experiments to study the process were performed. Surface roughness was used as the criterion of finding the optimal conditions of fluid flow rate and frequency, and position and angle of nozzle. After optimization of the process, some experiments were performed to study tool life. Machining force, roughness, and tool wear were chosen as the criteria to determine the tool life. Obtained results show that the tool life in NDM is longer than that in dry machining.


To expand our understanding of gender inequality and violent crime, this study provides an assessment of the relationship between gender inequality and lethal violence against women. The authors use a cross-sectional design with racially disaggregated census data for 158 large U.S.cities in 1990 to assess the degree to which women's absolute status and their status relative to men affect their risk of homicide victimization. Overall, the findings suggestthat although certain measures of women's absolute and relative socioeconomic status are related to female homicide victimization rates, when race-specific measures are used, theeffects hold only for White women.


Abstract It has commonly been argued that chiefdoms were the dominant form of prehispanic political organization in Lower Central America. Reexamination of the data base, however, reveals that tribal forms of organization were also present in Lower Central America at the time of Spanish contact and before. The salient characteristics of both tribes and chiefdoms are discussed, and criteria for identifying tribes and chiefdoms in the archaeological record are outlined. Data from the Central Provinces of Panama and the Gulf of Nicoya are then examined in light of these criteria. We argue that while a chiefdom form of organization prevailed in Panama, the Gulf of Nicoya was occupied by tribal groups immediately prior to contact with the Spanish.


Although the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF) has yet to be identified, a great deal has already been learned about the mutations of this autosomal recessive disorder. The studies have been possible mainly because of the availability of a large number of closely linked DNA markers and their strong linkage disequilibrium to the disease locus. These markers span approximately 1.5 million base pairs and flank the CF locus (CF) (see review by Spence and Tsui 1987). Three reports on the genetics of CF appear in this issue of The American Journal of Human Genetics. Fujiwara et al. (1989) describe a genealogical analysis showing that there are at least three CF carriers among the founders of the Hutterite population. Beaudet et al. (1989) present examples demonstrating that it is possible to apply linkage disequilibrium data in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling. Cutting et al. (1989) provide additional data supporting the hypothesis that the majority of CF mutations found in the Caucasian population arose from one single mutational event; they also show evidence suggesting that multiple mutant alleles exist in American blacks. Thus, the central theme of these articles appears to concern the origins of CF mutations. How many different CF mutations are there? The strong linkage disequilibrium and haplotype association detected between the CF gene and the closely linked marker loci have been taken to mean that a substantial fraction of the CF mutant genes in the population are descended from a single mutation. Had multiple muta-


Solution-focused therapy is proposed as a clinical model for frotteurism. Frotteurism is described along with a consideration of the prevalence, theories, and prevailing treatment approaches for this condition. A case example illustrates the application of solution-focused therapy. Implications are discussed pertaining to research and practice for frotteurism.


Using quantitative analysis and reflection techniques, we examine employee perception of leadership style and perceived results within organizations based in Whistler, Canada We are primarily concerned with results in terms of organizational culture towards three key stakeholder groups: customers, community, and employees The observed differences in results between transformational and transactional leadership provide a basis for enriching the mapping of leadership style to desired outcomes


Erythropoietin (Epo) is essential for the later stages of erythropoiesis, acting to promote cell survival and proliferation, but its role in differentiation remains to be defined. The UT‐7 cell line exhibits both erythroid and megakaryocytic characteristics and can be induced to differentiate along the erythroid pathway by Epo or the megakaryocytic pathway by phorbol myristic acetate. We have compared the effects of Epo and the chemical inducers, δ‐aminolaevulinic acid (δ‐ALA) and haemin on the differentiation capacity of UT‐7 cells. Epo alone promoted relatively early events in erythroid maturation, without significant changes in haemoglobin production or morphology. GATA‐2 and c‐myb were down‐regulated by Epo, and GATA‐2 was further down‐modulated by the inducers. Conversely, SCL expression was up‐regulated by Epo and further increased by haemin and δ‐ALA. Epo caused an increase in the proportion of cells expressing cell surface glycophorin A (GPA) and up‐regulated β‐ and γ‐globin by several fold. Both haemin and δ‐ALA caused a de novo increase in α‐globin expression as well as enhancing Epo‐induced β‐globin expression, leading to a marked increase in haemoglobin production. These results suggest that haemoglobin production in UT‐7 cells is limited by a deficiency of erythroid‐specific aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALAS‐E) activity or globin synthesis as a consequence of their immaturity as a multipotential cell line.


Adults who act as gatekeepers for young people may have the same barriers to help-seeking for mental health issues as young people. This study investigated the personal help-seeking practices of 47 Australian youth workers prior to and after a training workshop on youth mental health issues. Pre-post workshop evaluation revealed some increases in behaviour, intentions and problem-solving capacity but no changes in belief-based barriers, intentions to seek help for suicidal thoughts, or referral skills. The relationships between help-seeking variables and referral skills were explored to investigate the impact that personal help-seeking may have on professional practice.


We consider the distributed synchronous message passing model, also known as the LOCAL model. In this model the input graph G represents a network, where each vertex in the graph is a processor and each edge is a communication line between two processors. Symmetry breaking problems are among the most studied problems in this model [4], [7], [9]–[11], [13], [17], [18], [23], [24], [26]. In this paper we devise a general method for solving symmetry breaking problems in graphs with bounded diversity. Roughly speaking, the diversity of a graph is the maximum number of maximal cliques a vertex belongs to. This general method uses a new approach which utilizes a structure called a connector. We build a series of such connectors, each of which simplifies the previous one by decreasing maximum clique size. Eventually, cliques becomes sufficiently small and have some additional properties that allow us to bound the maximum degree of the connectors. Then it becomes possible to employ efficient symmetry-breaking algorithms for bounded-degree graphs and extend the results to all the connectors in the series in backward order, until we reach a solution for the original graph. We use the ideas of this general method to achieve the following results. First, we devise an improved algorithm for maximal matching with running time of O(log(S)(D(G) + log* n)), where D(G) is the diversity of G and S(G) is the maximum clique size. The best currently-known deterministic result for general graphs is O(log^2 ? log n) [13]. This result is also the best currently-known for graphs with bounded diversity, hence our result constitutes an improvement for graphs with D(G) = o(log ? log n). Another algorithm of ours for the same problem has a running time of O(D(G)2 + log* n). For graphs with D(G) = O(1) this shows a separation of complexities between the maximal matching problem and the maximal independent set problem. Indeed, in such graphs our algorithm computes a maximal matching within O(log n) time, while computing a maximal independent set requires ?( (log n / log log n)) time. This is the first result for any family of graphs that shows that maximal matching is provably easier than maximal independent set in the distributed setting. Moreover, using the same methods, we devise improved algorithms for ruling sets in graphs with bounded diversity. We also obtain an improved result for the wider family of graphs with bounded neighborhood independence ?. Specifically, we compute a maximal matching within O(? log ?+log* n) time in such graphs.


The Commonwealth Games to be held in Melbourne March 2006 are fast approaching. This is one of the biggest events that Melbourne has hosted for some time with many visitors from both interstate and overseas attending.


Ozone is an air pollutant which causes lung injury and oxidative stress. Macrophages accumulate in the lung in response to ozone‐induced injury and are sequentially activated towards an M1 pro‐inflammatory and an M2 anti‐inflammatory/repair phenotype. M1 macrophages contribute to toxicity by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. This promotes oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and lung injury. We hypothesized that valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity, would decrease ozone‐induced pulmonary toxicity. To test this hypothesis, female C57B16/J mice (18–22 g, 13–14 weeks) were exposed to air or ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 h) in a whole‐body plexiglass chamber. This was followed by i.p. injections of PBS vehicle control or VPA (300 mg/kg), 30 min and 24 h later. Animals were euthanized 48 h post‐exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and tissue collected. Exposure of mice to ozone increased BAL protein and IgM indicative of lung injury; BAL cells also increased after ozone exposure. While VPA reduced the effects of ozone on BAL cells, there was no effect on protein or IgM. We next analyzed the effects of VPA on the phenotype of myeloid cells responding to ozone using techniques in flow cytometry. Exposure of mice to ozone resulted in increases in CD11b+Ly6G‐monocytic and CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic cells in the lung. Whereas treatment of animals with VPA significantly blunted ozone‐induced increases in granulocytic cells, no major effects were observed on monocytic cells. Monocytic cells consisted of CD11b+Ly6G‐Ly6ChiF4/80+CD11c+ pro‐inflammatory and CD11b+Ly6G‐Ly6CloF4/80+CD11c+ anti‐inflammatory macrophages. VPA significantly reduced ozone‐induced increases in pro‐inflammatory macrophages with no major effect on anti‐inflammatory macrophages. Treatment of mice with VPA also reduced ozone‐induced increases in CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+F4/80+ monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+F4/80‐granulocytic MDSC. Exposure of mice to ozone resulted in increased macrophage expression of ADP‐ribosylation factor‐like GTPase 11 (ARL11) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), markers of M1 pro‐inflammatory macrophage activation; these were decreased by VPA. Macrophage expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), a marker of oxidative stress, and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4HNE), a lipid peroxidation end‐product, were also reduced in ozone‐exposed mice treated with VPA. These data suggest that VPA is effective in reducing ozone‐induced lung injury and oxidative stress. These findings may be useful in the development of therapeutics to treat oxidant induced lung injury.


The growing impact of the anthropogenic factors on the environment has intensified the importance of protecting the water ecosystem. The degrading of water resources is a frequent result of the anthropogenic eutrophication resulting in imbalance of substance levels and deterioration of sanitation and recreational condition of water. The environmental impact of contaminants is manifested at the level of organisms, populations, biocenosis, and ecosystems. In the context of the increased anthropogenic load, the growing contamination of water bodies impairs the self-cleansing capacity of water, causes eutrophication and reduces water quality.


Abstract : This report results from a contract tasking Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology as follows: The current project is directed toward developing the curvalence arc plasma source of carbon and metal plasma for producing tribological films. This includes plasma source design, study, and optimization to operate with graphite, aluminum, and zirconium targets, and to produce low friction and hard diamond-like carbon (DLC), alumina, and zirconia films. A study of plasma properties, including ionization state, density, and energy distributions will be performed. The results will be used to manufacture a demonstration system with an optimized plasma source by the KIPT. This system will be used by the KIPT to study plasma characteristics in tribological material synthesis and prepare samples of tribological films for evaluation at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFRL, WPAFB), Ohio. The system will be then transferred to AFRL, WPAFB together with required power supplies, control modules, and design documentation for installation, testing, and on-site technology demonstration. Specifically, the use of the technology in production of DLC films with a high percentage of sp3 electronic hybridization, synthesis of cubic BN, deposition of crystalline metals, oxides, carbides, and nitrides at low substrate temperatures, and production of nanocomposite materials made of nanocrystalline and amorphous phase% will be the focus of the seminars.


By the end of the nineteenth century, many prominent linguists had realized the arbitrariness of the language / dialect distinction, and linguists were forcibly confronted with its problematic nature from within, as Chapter 18 argues. This last case study of the book outlines the ideas of Hugo Schuchardt, who dared to face the full consequences of critically reflecting on the conceptual pair. Considering the nature of linguistic diversity, Schuchardt noticed that there were no strict divisions such as Schleicher's family tree model presupposed. Instead, he proposed a wave model, thus prefiguring Johannes Schmidt's image. Language and dialect were merely fictional abstractions from actual linguistic facts and for this reason useless. Schuchardt was not alone in his suspicion. Some of his colleagues likewise acknowledged the abstract nature of the language / dialect distinction but preferred to keep on using it for practical reasons, whereas others, like Jules Gilliéron, dismissed its validity and concentrated on linguistic features instead.


In this paper, we consider the Byzantine-robust stochastic optimization problem defined over a decentralized network, where the agents collaboratively minimize the summation of expectations of stochastic local cost functions, but some of the agents are unreliable. Due to data corruptions, equipment failures or cyber-attacks, these Byzantine agents can send faulty values to their neighbors and bias the optimization process. Our key idea to handle the Byzantine attacks is to formulate a total variation (TV) norm-penalized approximation of the Byzantine-free problem, where the penalty term forces the local models of regular agents to be close, but also allows the existence of outliers from the Byzantine agents. A stochastic subgra-dient method is applied to solve the penalized problem. We prove that the proposed method converges to a near-optimal solution of the Byzantine-free problem under mild assumptions, and the gap is determined by the number of Byzantine agents and the network topology. Numerical experiments corroborate the theoretical analysis, as well as demonstrate the robustness of proposed method to Byzantine attacks and its superior performance over existing methods.


People with severe disabilities are limited in their options for independent mobility. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis and muscular dystrophy etc., seriously affect the extremities and make the operation of commercially available wheelchairs and Powered Wheelchairs (PWs) through a joystick User Interface (UI) difficult or near impossible. Symptoms affecting individuals can vary in severity and consistency, reducing the effectiveness of singular control modalities. This paper presents Smart Wheelchair Assistant for Autonomous Navigation (SWAAN), an add-on-device for existing PW platforms that provides an alternative set of Human-Machine Interface (HMI) modalities for user selection. SWAAN offers users control through either speech recognition, teleoperation or autonomous navigation, beneficial to people with different levels of disabilities. This addresses the constrained application of singular control modalities and minimises the physical and cognitive effort required for Activities of Daily Life (ADL). SWAAN demonstrates successful autonomous navigation through outdoor urban environments at The University of Sydney (USYD).


This paper investigates the determination of the merchant usage fee of a monopolistic unitary payment card network based on characteristics of the downstream market. Merchants engage in Bertrand price competition that allows for an observation of heterogeneous products. We find that the payment card network extracts a part of the economic rent that merchants obtain. The higher this rent, the higher the corresponding merchant usage fee. The rent, and consequently the merchant usage fee, is increasing in the downstream market size but decreasing in the price elasticity of consumer demand, as well as in the substitutability of products, and, interestingly, in the fraction of consumers preferring card payments.


This paper describes a Fulbright senior specialist consultancy visit to a private technological university in Central America. A recommendation of a Latin American accrediting agency, Red Latinoamericana de Cooperacion Universitaria, urged this institution to introduce a curriculum review methodology that could demonstrate strong academic content linked to the mission of the institution. An inquiry was made to institutional leadership to determine which academic programs could most be enhanced by curriculum assessment. In keeping with the institution's technological emphasis, the engineering programs were selected. A plan using three strategies, accreditation, curriculum model, and academic audit, was devised and implemented through faculty development programs addressing: 1) accreditation as a method to assess institutional quality, accountability, and improvement; 2) Robert M. Diamond's designing and assessing curriculum model; and 3) academic audit to analyze enrollment patterns. Quality assurance approaches help institutional leadership improve organizational effectiveness and student learning to ensure the proficiency needed to compete in the current global environment. A rigorous, well-designed assessment process can make this happen.


Objective To study the association between polymorphism in the third intron of IFN-γ gene and the susceptibility to MS.Methods A population-based case-control study was carried out.58 patients with MS and 40 healthy controls were interviewed.Meanwhile,the genetic polymorphism of INF-γ intron Ⅲ +3586A allele was detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results No significant difference of genotypes and site frequencies of INF-γ intron Ⅲ +3586 existed in MS group compared with in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The INF-γ intron Ⅲ(+3586) gene polymorphism might not be associated with MS genetic susceptibility.


: With respect to intercity EMU, there are rare studies on its wheel/rail force at present. Considering that its speed level and line conditions are very different from the high-speed EMU, it is necessary to further study its wheel/rail force. By using the instrumented wheelset, the wheel/rail force of a intercity EMU is measured under a 4 600 km test. the testing results show that the dynamic load coefficient of the speed-increased new lines are about 0.25-0.35, which is not significant different from that of the existing lines, and that 350 km/h-high-speed EMU. The statistical results show that even the go and return of the same line, the joint distributions of the vertical and lateral force are significant different. The load spectra of wheel/rail force and the specific statistical characteristics under various typical conditions concluded in this paper can be used in the follow-up research in related fields such as assessment of vehicle safety, reliability or vehicle dynamics.


Lately there has been an increase in the elder people´s population, hence the need to take care of their requests; it is for this reason that the professionals of the different sectors must try to decrease the causes of different diseases. In this article, a set of methodological actions is proposed to raise the self-esteem of older adults in the grandparents' asylums of the Tortuguilla community.  This investigation emerged due to the need that the professors of Physical Culture who work at grandparents asylums have, to own a document that allows them to contribute to enhance the self-esteem of elders. It becomes an option for this population, because they get involved in activities that allow them to accomplish appraising activities without focusing on learning skills, rather focusing in an estate of physical and mental well-being. It was necessary the use of methods and means of scientific investigation for the development of the paper, as well as the experience of the tutor who, for over 15 years developed activities that helped achieve the proposed objective.


Industry 4.0 is claimed to be one of the important triggers of smoother work organisation, significant modernisation and higher innovation performance. Industrial policy is currently being modernised in many countries (e.g. France, US, Japan and China) and aimed at the reorientation of national economies towards the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in order to maintain and restore workplaces or improve competitiveness and added value in the domestic sector (Roland Berger 2016). However, little is known about the role of Industry 4.0 in the potential upgrading of companies driven by the implementation of digital solutions (Szalavetz 2019). As the fourth industrial revolution now underway will dramatically change the way business is conducted, special attention should be paid to the impact of these new enabling technologies on domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurs, who constitute the major part of the local economy in several regions and form critical assets for their successful and sustainable development. The key question is whether the adoption of Industry 4.0 may provide opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs to move up within global value chains (and avoiding stagnation).


Administrators of corporate planning are normally given their best opportunities in the initial stages of the planning process; for the beginning is when operating executives are most likely to be proselytized.


To help mark the Monthly Labor Review's centennial, the editors invited several producers and users of BLS data to take a look back at the last 100 years. In 1915, the United States was just beginning to develop as a global economic power. Feeling the need to accurately measure employment in this emerging economy, BLS published a modest set of data on employment in four manufacturing industries. Eventually, this initial effort would evolve into the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. This article summarizes changes in the CES program over the past century, during which the size, stature, and scope of the survey have grown alongside those of the country whose economy it measures.


Cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones directed against spontaneous mouse leukemia LEC have been obtained. By transfecting a cosmid library into cells which were then tested for their ability to stimulate the CTL, we identified the gene coding for the antigen recognized by one of these CTL clones. It is the gag gene of an endogenous defective retrovirus that belongs to the intracisternal A particle (IAP) family. A gag‐encoded nonapeptide presented by the H‐2 Dk molecule caused recognition by the anti‐LEC CTL clone. Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that the expression of the antigen by the LEC tumor cell line resulted from the transposition of an IAP sequence into a new genomic location.


The chaotic and stochastic dynamics of rocking response of free-standing offshore equipment subjected to horizontal base excitation are investigated using a realistic model taking into account the geometric nonlinearity (finite slenderness ratio) of the rocking systems. Additional important nonlinear effects including transition of governing equations of motion at impact, and abrupt reduction in angular velocity due to impact energy dissipation are examined. It has been demonstrated that the nonlinearities associated with the transition of governing equations at impact procedures complex responses. In addition to the anticipated harmonic and subharmonic periodic responses, two new types of steady state motions - quasi-periodic, and chaotic responses are also found. In this study, it is shown that although the excitations to the rocking systems are simple and purely deterministic, some stochastic characteristics of the chaotic rocking responses are detected using Poincare maps and amplitude probability densities. While the chaotic time histories have a periodic time dependency, thus non-stationary, time series consist of Poincare points are ergodic. Results indicate that chaotic response may be a strong link between deterministic and stochastic responses.


Purpose of the Study: It is proposed to fill in the gaps in the existing data matrix of mass/volume of uterus, its contents as well as mass of fetal organs by mathematical techniques down to 6 week gestation and relate this dynamic target mass during in-utero growth to recently revised Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) 21 schema. Materials and Methods: The existing data is subjected to numerical interpolations using a standard 4 degree polynomial for certain set of variables. Interpolations of mass, volume, etc., of various components of the uterus (placenta, embryo/fetus, brain, uterine wall, etc.) at weekly/biweekly intervals have been carried out. Subsequently, the step wise regression starting with three predictors - placental mass (Wp), total fetal mass (Wf) and greatest length (H) for the augmented data set led to identification of "H" and "Wf" as the most significant predictors for 10 fetal organ masses Wi using standard software "MS Excel". Results and Discussion: Further analysis utilizing allometric equations reveal that there is strong evidence in favor of Wf compared to H for predicting (P < 0.001) the individual organ mass "Wi". The prediction of Wi -liver, heart, thymus, pancreas, and thyroid fall under the linear case of prediction (predictor is ln [Wf]); whereas the brain, lung, kidney, spleen, crown-heel length, etc., fall under linear-quadratic case (where ln (Wf) plus [ln (Wf)]2) are the predictors) respectively. The estimates indicate a rapid decline of "brain mass/total mass" ratio from 80% to 39% during 7-9 weeks. Information on specific absorbed fraction Φ (=φ/mT) is required to arrive at the dose estimates (φ being the absorbed fraction). The very small target mass mT-few milligrams (for 90% of organs) to a maximum 11 g for brain during early pregnancy; the fetal thyroid, with its mass variation of about 300% during 10-13 weeks can impact Φ. Reported standardized doses are presented and variation of Φ with source-target distance for individual specific scaling of Φ is discussed. Conclusion: Time dependent mass m (t) of the target and consequently Φ(t) [=φ(t)/mT (t)] of the revised MIRD dose expression can be of relevance in fetal dosimetry when source-target distances are in reasonable limits.


In2-x(WO4)3:xEu3+ red phosphors were synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD),
laser particle size analyzer and molecular fluorescence spectrometer were used to respectively investigate the structures,
size distribution and luminescence properties. The XRD result displays the as-prepared phosphor with no impurity phase,
and doping Eu3+ in the In2(WO4)3 cannot change the host crystal structure. The particle size exhibits a normal size
distribution with the average diameter of around 2.4μm serving the coating of manufacturing LED. The excitation spectrum
reveals that the phosphor can be effectively excited under the excitation of near-UV or b…


The banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus), with other freshwater fish species, is the second intermediate host of the digenean trematode parasite Crassiphiala bulboglossa. We investigated whether a...


To the Editor.— Since July 1977, at least 80 sudden, unexplained nocturnal deaths (SUND) have been reported nationwide among young, previously healthy Southeast Asian male refugees in the United States. A series of the cases was recently described, 1 but the etiology of the problem remains unknown. We are writing to report an unusual presentation of this phenomenon, the sixth such case reported to date in the state of Washington. Report of a Case.— The victim was a previously healthy 30-year-old Laotian man who had emigrated to this country four years previously. Around 3 AM his wife noted that he was unresponsive and had tonic, clonic contractions in all four extremities. The contractions ceased after a few minutes, and the family was able to arouse him by shaking him and pouring water on his head. He woke up enough to carry on a conversation. When paramedics, who had been called


Multirhythmicity, the coexistence of multiple stable oscillatory states in a dynamic system, is explored in two models of a bursting nerve cell. We demonstrate geometrically why multirhythmicity exists in some classes of bursting neurons. It is shown that in the multirhythmic regime, spike addition during the active phase of bursting causes alternating concentric regions of contraction and expansion in the reduced vector field of the slow variables. This produces multiple concentric isolated annuluses in phase space and, therefore, multirhythmicity. Additionally, it is shown that under certain parameter limits, the coexistence of an arbitrary number of stable solutions can be achieved. The significance of these theoretical findings is discussed in terms of biological and artificial memory storage devices. PACS numbers: 87.17.Aa, 87.85.dm Submitted to: New J. Phys.


Introduction: Though there is no controversy in the use of prophylactic antibiotics in clean contaminated, contaminated and dirty wounds, there is still some controversy surrounding use of prophylactic antibiotics in clean wounds like Lichtenstein mesh hernioplasty. Inadvertent use of antibiotics in these cases leads to unnecessary increase in cost to the patient as well as development of antibiotic resistance, as development of resistance to antibiotics by microorganisms has become a growing concern in countries like India. Hence, we conducted a case control study at KIMS hospital, Bangalore from Dec 2014 to Nov 2016 to assess if systemic antibiotic prophylaxis prevents wound infection in Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty. Materials & Methods : The study period was two years including follow-up, comprising of 100 cases randomized into two groups. First group (case group) received no antibiotics and the second group received 3rd generation cephalosporin (control group) prior to the surgery. Results : The study revealed 2 cases of infection in the case group and 1 in the control group. The difference was statistically insignificant (p= 0.3436). Conclusion : From our study it can be concluded that regular use of antibiotic prophylaxis is not necessary in low risk patients undergoing hernioplasty


ABSTRACT In this article, I propose using bridal photography and wedding video-recording to gain a better understanding of the meanings of romance and the ideal life among young generations and to consider how relevant images of getting married shed light on the changing social life in Hong Kong. Bridal photography and wedding videorecording not only play the role of documentation but also reflect the social change and values among new married couples in the society. By examining packaged bridal photography and the process of wedding video-shooting, I propose to state how visualization brings subtle influences into the new dynamism of marriage as a ritual and reflects the changing social contexts in today's Hong Kong everyday life.


Zhejiang's average per capita GDP,income and savings are always ranked among the highest in China.But behind these high average numbers,there in fact exist very prominent and increasingly bigger income gaps in the whole province,especially between the cities and the villages,or among themselves.The causations of the unbalanced income distributions aggravated year in year out in Zhejiang Province can be attributed to the deviations in development strategies,distribution principles,social insurance institutions and second-distribution measures as well as the high average income held by moneybags.


We have studied the following three problems in order to develope the continuous formed coke process.(1) Investigation of formed coke process conducted through the world.(2) Comparison of characteristics of various kinds of formed coke.(3) Study on size of formed coke.As the results, we have recognized the following three points.(1) Studies on formed coke are putting in operation through the world, but have not been successed yet.(2) Formed cokes made in various countries generally are superior in impact strength at room temperature but are high in their reactivity to CO2 which means that they tend to affect degradation at high temperature. We considered that an effective methods of improving the reactivity are systematic studies of the heating pattern and gas atomosphere conditions during carbonization, briquetting conditions and blending ratis of raw briquette etc.(3) We estimated that desired size of formed coke are 60-63cc by the results of calculation and experimental model.


Following Almalech (2014: 748), certain basic colour terms (BCTs) display intra-colour antonymy and can have opposite meanings. It is demonstrated by the Serbian colour adjectives siva; grey, and ružičasta or roze/roza; pink, both of which are also the BCTs. In the Serbian cultural and linguistic setting, siva is the colour with predominantly negative connotative meanings. Opposed to this ružičasta or roze/roza are both attributed predominantly positive connotative meanings. Nevertheless, siva has also some positive connotative meanings, and a number of negative connotations are attributed to ružičasta and roze/a. This invalidates the either-or semantics of the Serbian BCTs (the most obvious examples of such a classification being the colours bela; white, which is typically associated with purity, innocence, goodness, heaven, brilliance, etc., and crna; black, which is commonly attributed the meaning of death, evil, fear, aggression, etc.).


Background: A polymorphism at position −589 in the interleukin 4 (IL-4) promoter region was recently described as being associated with the presence of syncytium-inducing CXCR4 using (X4) HIV-1 variants. Objective: To study the IL-4 promoter polymorphism −589T in relation to HIV-1 disease progression and acquisition of X4 HIV-1 variants. Design and methods: Retrospective longitudinal study among 342 HIV-1-infected homosexual men who participated in the Amsterdam Cohort study. Polymerase chain reaction was used in combination with restriction analysis to identify IL-4 promoter genotypes. Results: Carriers of the −589T allele (either −589 C/T heterozygotes or −589 T/T homozygotes), showed comparable progression to AIDS [relative hazard (RH), 0.94; P = 0.71], and survival (RH IL-4 −589 C/T or T/T, 0.94; P = 0.69) as carriers of the −589 C/C genotype (the reference group). In contrast to a previous study, we found that the −589T polymorphism was associated with a delayed acquisition of X4 HIV-1 variants (RH, 0.56; P = 0.02 for IL-4 −589 C/T or T/T) and a reduced number of CCR5 expressing memory CD4 T cells. Conclusion: In the Amsterdam Cohort of homosexual men with HIV infection, the IL-4 −589T promoter polymorphism was associated with a delayed acquisition of X4 variants but did not affect overall disease progression.


In digital photography image blurring is one of the general artifacts. Digital filters and algorithm is well-known for deblurring the image. This paper proposed different filters and algorithm like inverse filter, wiener filter and an improved Lucy-Richardson deconvolution algorithm. Before deconvolution step, we separate the blurred image into smooth part. By introducing different noises and image corrupting parameters scale and length the blurred image are then used for image deblurring. The filter comparison provides the different parameter which decided the image quality and best result.


At present, people attach great importance to information security issues, and the implementation of different security level protection systems continues to deepen. However, some internal networks still need to face various forms of information security issues in the actual trial process. Based on the above content, this paper studies the design of the technical operation and maintenance safety management and control system of fort-and-fort machine, analyzes the main contents of the system design. At the same time, this paper also summarizes the relevant experience, hoping to provide a reasonable reference for workers in the same field.


Review(s) of: John Lydus and the Roman past: Antiquarianism and politics in the age of Justinian, by Michael Maas, . London: Routledge, 1992. pp. ix + 207. ISBN 0-415-06021-4. UK 30.00.


Tourist's satisfaction degree is one of the important indexes to evaluate the service quality of scenic spot.Taking Xi'an Dongda Hot Spring Resort Area for an example,with the expectation difference theory and customers' satisfaction evaluation model as the theoretical basis of the research,the overall satisfaction degree of tourists to hot spring resort area,and the actual sensation accomplishments and the expectation difference of each service index were analyzed by using regression analysis and paired sample t test method.The results showed:① The overall satisfaction degree of tourists to the resort area was higher.There were remarkable correlation among three variables:the sensation value,the overall satisfaction degree,and the tourist's loyalty degree;② Generally,the sensation actual accomplishments of 15 service appraisal factors were higher than the expectation value.According to the characteristics,these 15 service appraisal factors were divided into 5 groups.Some unsatisfactory aspects were found out,and the corrective measures were put forward.


The aim of this article is to survey and analyze the succession of writings on the objectives of financial reporting during the past 90 years. I begin with the extensive literature, including the several recommended conceptual frameworks, in the United States and then proceed to those in Great Britain, Canada, and Australia, following which I discuss the frameworks issued by the IASC and most recently by the IASB/FASB. I then offer summary remarks about Continental Europe. Attention is drawn to the criticisms of the objectives approach as well as of its possible perverse consequences for the remainder of the framework. In the course of the discussion, I undertake to trace the evolution of stewardship and conservatism, or prudence, in the series of frameworks.


The efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis for converting solar to chemical energy is low on a per photon basis mainly because of the difficulty of capturing and utilizing light across the entire solar spectral wavelength range. This challenge is addressed herein with a plasmonic superstructure, fashioned as an array of nanoscale needles comprising cobalt nanocrystals assembled within a sheath of porous silica grown on a fluorine tin oxide substrate. This plasmonic superstructure can strongly absorb sunlight through different mechanisms including enhanced plasmonic excitation by the hybridization of Co nanoparticles in close proximity, as well as inter‐ and intra‐band transitions. With nearly 100% sunlight harvesting ability, it drives the photothermal hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with a 20‐fold rate increase from the silica‐supported cobalt catalyst. The present work bridges the gap between strong light‐absorbing plasmonic superstructures with photothermal CO2 catalysis toward the complete utilization of the solar energy.


Many of the English Versions of International Trade Practice published in recent years in China are of low quality.Problems like inappropriate contents,misprints,substandard terms and poor English can be found easily in those textbooks.This paper makes elaborate comments on several such textbooks and proposes the countermeasure.


Shirley Pickstock, respiratory nurse specialist, Powys Teaching Health Board (shirley.pickstock@ wales.nhs,uk) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition commonly seen in the community, with symptoms including breathlessness, chronic cough and wheezing. There is much that community nurses can do to support COPD patients through an acute exacerbation (AECOPD) and to optimise their care when stable. Community nurses can take an active role in providing advocacy for the patient and ensuring that their professional


One of the most important fields in the chemistry of organosilicon compounds at the present time is the chemistry of organic silanes and siloxanes with carbon-containing functional groups. Polysiloxanes with vinyl, nitrile, hydroxy- and other functional groups in the silane exhibit enhanced mechanical strength compared with alkylsiloxanes, are satisfactorily compatible with many materials, and have already found industrial application. Organic silanes and siloxanes with carbonyl groups in the organic substituents are also used in the manufacture of new products. Patent data show that polyketoalkylsiloxanes exhibit improved adhesion to metallic surfaces. The aim of the review is to describe methods for the preparation and the properties of silicon-containing ketones. In earlier monographs and a review on organic silanes with carbon-containing functional groups, the sections dealing with organosilicon ketones are very fragmentary and incomplete. The bibliography includes 180 references.


Objective: This research is aimed at studying the relationship between the drug safety index and the pharmaceutical economic operation index,and trying to establish the quantitative model of drug safety constitution evaluation,so as to promote the drug safety administration capability and enhance the public confidence. Methods: According to the drug safety index system and the pharmaceutical economy operation index system,the development and safety indexes of pharmaceutical economy in recent years can be calculated. Analysis on the pharmaceutical economy development and drug safety condition in China in recent years is also launched,with exploratory studies on the relationship between pharmaceutical economy operation and drug safety. Results Conclusion: The drug safety index in 2008 to 2012 demonstrated a stable situation,which was in a security zone. The pharmaceutical economy operation index also varied in a steady trend. These evidences indicated that the pharmaceutical economy development in China recent years is relatively smooth and stable. The result of correlativity of these two index-systems is positive,which reflects that the healthy development of pharmaceutical economy is depending on not only the policy guidance,but also the efficient supervision.


ABSTRACT In spite of the importance of tourism coupon distribution in China, little is known about the impact of determinants on tourism coupon redemption (TCR). The purpose of this study is to investigate key influence factors of TCR using a structural equation modeling approach. Based on literature review, five antecedents of TCR were identified: face value, redemption costs, redemption limitations, brand awareness, and income and education level of tourists. Survey data from 516 tourism coupon holders in Hangzhou, China, demonstrate that face value and brand awareness are positively related to TCR, while redemption costs and redemption limitations have negative impacts on TCR.


Inhibitors of BET bromodomain and discloses compositions comprising the same. Inhibition of BET bromo domain provides benefits in the treatment of diseases and conditions such as cancer, it is also disclosed use of BET bromodomain inhibitor.


The study evaluated the response of pea ( Pisum sativum cv. Avola) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) species Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, strain D 293, regarding the growth, photosynthesis, nodulation and nitrogen fixation activity. Pea plants were grown in a glasshouse until the flowering stage (35 days), in 4 kg plastic pots using leached cinnamonic forest soil (Chromic Luvisols – FAO) at P levels 13.2 (P1) and 39.8 (P2) mg P/kg soil. The obtained results demonstrated that the dual inoculation of pea plants significantly increased the plant biomass, photosynthetic rate, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation activity in comparison with single inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strain D 293. On the other hand, coinoculation significantly increased the total phosphorus content in plant tissue, acid phosphatase activity and percentage of root colonization. The effectiveness of coinoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Glomus mosseae was higher at the low phosphorus level while the coinoculation with Glomus intraradices appeared to be the most effective at higher phosphorus level.


We show that orthogonal space-time block codes may be identified with packings on the Grassmann manifold. We describe a general criterion for packings on the Grassmann manifold that yield coherent space-time constellations with the same code properties that make orthogonal space-time block codes so favorable. As an example, we point out that the rate 3/4 orthogonal space-time block code motivates a packing on the Grassmann manifold that allows for a simplified maximum likelihood detection rule using the newly introduced framework. As a side product, this packing defines a noncoherent space-time constellation that may be regarded as a generalization of certain existing noncoherent space-time codes.


.................................................................................................................. 3 List of figures .......................................................................................................... 10 List of tables ............................................................................................................ 17 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 19 Chapter I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 21 1.1. Architecture of the thylakoid membrane network in green plants ................. 23 1.2. Organisation of photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membranes of higher plants................................................................................................ 30 1.2.1. Organisation of PSII-LHCII supercomplexes in the grana ........... 31 1.2.2. Organisation of photosynthetic complexes in stroma lamellae ..... 38 1.3. Flexibility and acclimation of photosynthetic membranes ............................ 40 1.4. Diffusion of proteins in living cells ............................................................. 46 1.5. Current knowledge about the mobility of photosynthetic proteins ................ 47 Chapter II: MATERIALS AND METHODS ....................................................... 56 2.1. Plant material .............................................................................................. 57 2.2. Isolation of intact chloroplasts ..................................................................... 59 2.3. Isolation of grana membranes ...................................................................... 59 2.4. Control experiments with glutaraldehyde and nigericin ............................... 60 2.5. Experiments with sodium fluoride ............................................................... 61 2.6. Induction of different de-epoxidation states of the xanthophyll cycle pool in intact chloroplasts ....................................................................................... 61 2.7. Maintenance of NPQ state in intact chloroplasts .......................................... 62 2.8. Photoinhibitory treatment of intact chloroplasts ........................................... 64 2.9. Photoinhibitory treatment of grana membranes ........................................... 64


PAUL D. AMER is an assistant professor in the Department of Computer and Information Sciences at the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware and is also a faculty research assistant at the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, Maryland. He received his BS degree in Mathematics from the State University of New York at Albany in 1974 and earned his MS and PhD degrees in Computer and Information Science from the Ohio State University in 1976 and 1979, respectively.


Degradation modes under level-shift circuit operations of InP-based lattice-matched InGaAs p-n diodes for InP-based ICs are studied. We conducted life tests under forward-biased conditions, reverse-biased conditions, and elevated temperature conditions to examine changes in electrical characteristics unique to the stresses in level-shift circuit application. The operating current of the diodes deceases with forward-bias aging, which is a serious mode for practical diodes used in level-shift circuits. This operating current decrease becomes remarkable with the current increase that is observed in the low-voltage forward-bias region of the current–voltage (I–V ) characteristics. This current increase at low voltage suddenly appears after a considerable aging time. The I–V characteristics were monitored during the tests, and the changes were analyzed in detail to elucidate the mutual interaction among the modes found in the tests. The degradation modes are discussed in relation to reported failure modes for heterostructure devices having p-n junctions.


The theoretical and practical difficulties in using criminal law measures against law enforcement officers who exceed power or official authority are studied here. The types of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine are clarified, and the signs of division of their system are described. The criteria for determining the status of law enforcement officers are established, and the features that distinguish an official from the support staff are emphasized. Finally, the most common disadvantages enshrined in the Criminal Code of Ukraine in terms of liability for abuse of power or official authority by law enforcement officers are analysed.
The concepts of law enforcement officers, persons carrying out law enforcement activities, persons endowed with law enforcement powers, executors of law enforcement functions and the meaning and instances of their application in domestic legislation are also investigated.
In light of the study results and the requirements of current criminal law, including the positions of criminal law scholars, suggestions for possible ways to eliminate existing regulatory shortcomings are provided.


INTRODUCTION Embryo defective mutants in Phaseolus vulgaris obtained by Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induction were studied to determine the structural and molecular basis of seed abortion in this species. In the wild-type, the classical pattern of seed development showed coordinated differentiation of the embryo proper, suspensor, endosperm tissue, and seed coat. On the contrarily, EMS mutant showed disruption in the normal seed development leading to embryo abortion. Most studies are limited to the early stages of embryo development (1). Little is known concerning the maturation process of the embryo or seed development. The present study was therefore undertaken firstly to detail the structural pattern of embryo development and secondly to investigate the structural basis of embryo abortion in common bean.


The sink-stability of unmanned underwater lurk vehicle(UULV) was studied by using the computational fluid dynamics.First,the hexahedral mesh of the UULV in different sinking model was generated by ICEM CFD.Then the variation tendency of lateral force,lift force and rolling moment under different submarine speeds was gotten by using CFX.Based on the force analysis a mathematical model for the analysis of sink-UULV was established.Last,the effect of submarine speed and sinking model on UULV's sink-stability was gotten through combining the numerical simulation's result with that of math model.The result shows that the UULV can remain stable under 0.514 m/s submarine speed,it will be rolling-over when the speed is equal to or greater than 1.028 m/s.


often closed-ended. The outcomes are known in advance and students replicate procedures recommended by the teacher. Over the years, I have come to appreciate the great opportunities created by allowing students investigative freedom in physics laboratories. I have realized that a laboratory environment in which students are free to conduct investigations using procedures of their own design can provide them with varied and rich opportunities for discovery. This paper describes what open-ended laboratory investigations have added to my high school physics classes. I will provide several examples of open-ended laboratories and discuss the benefits they conferred on students and teacher alike.


In this study, it was aimed to determine the difference in the perceptions of the Occupational Health and Work Safety lessons. The Labor Economics and Industrial Relations departments which were taught as mandatory courses with students who took courses and did not take the courses. For this purpose, 4th grade students who took lessons with the purposeful sampling method and 3th grade students who have not yet taken classes were selected as the sample. A scale consisting of 13 questions was applied on the perception of job security perception and job security education in total of 65 students from both groups. According to the results of the research, whether or not students take lessons on job security and job security training does not affect the level of perception they possess. However, students who attended the lessons learned that they are more knowledgeable about job security in their areas of interest. There is also a significant difference in the perception that sanctions are not sufficient for violations of work security between students who take courses and those who do not.


The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), has been recorded from the USA (Florida and Texas) to South America, including the Caribbean Islands. This is a species of fruit flies that causes serious damage to several eco nomically important fruit crops, such as mango, sapodilla, and guava (Hern?ndez-Ortiz & Aluja 1993). Lures based on organic compounds such as pu trescine, ammonium acetate, or liquid hydrolyzed protein have been used successfully as attracta nts in programs for detection and monitoring of several species of fruit flies (Heath et al. 1997). Volatiles from fruit odors also have been investi gated as attractants for fruit flies (Reynolds & Prokopy 1998; Robacker & Heath 1996; Prokopy & Vargas 1996; Nigg et al. 1994). Recently, Cruz L?pez et al. (2006) showed that both sexes of A. obliqua are strongly attracted to a blend of 9 syn thetic compounds of volatiles of hogplum (Spon dias mombin L.). The combination of nitrogenous lures and fruit odors may improve the catches of A. obliqua, but this approach remains to be inves tigated in field tests. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the response of feral flies of A. obliqua to a synthetic 9-component blend of hogplum vola tiles (S. mombin), in combination with putrescine and ammonium acetate. Field trials were conducted in an unsprayed commercial orchard of mango Cv. Ata?lfo located in Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico from May to Jun 2006. Multilure traps (Better World Manufactur ing Inc., Fresno, CA) were hung from branches of fruit trees 4 m above the ground, and 15 m apart. The traps were baited with the following treat ments: (1) ammonium acetate (AA) (Suterra LLC, OR, USA) + synthetic blend of S. mombin fruits (SM); (2) putrescine (Pu) (Suterra LLC, OR) + SM; (3) AA + Pu + SM; (4) AA + Pu; (5) SM alone; and (6) hydrolyzed protein (HP) Captor 300 (Pro motora Agropecuaria Universal S.A. de C.V., Mex ico City) used as control. Each trap contained 250 mL of water, and 2 mL of Tween 80 (ICI, Wilming ton, DE), which were added to retain flies, while others traps were baited with 10 mL of the hydro lyzed protein mixed with 5 g of borax dissolved in 235 mL of water per trap. The synthetic blend of S. mombin fruits were prepared as described else where (Cruz-L?pez et al. 2006), and 100 pL of syn thetic blend were loaded in a rubber septum (Sigma-Aldrich, Toluca, Mexico). The rubber septa were put in the lure compartment of the Multilure trap. Each row of trees contained a trap of each treatment, and there were 5 replicates per treatment. Traps were collected every 3 d and the position of traps within each row was rotated The captures of A. obliqua were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were separated by the Tukey test (a= 0.05). Data were transformed byy0 4 for total flies analysis, and y0 5 for females and males analysis by the Box-Cox family of power transformation (Box & Cox 1964) to stabilize variances before analysis. Data anal ysis was performed with Statistica ver. 6 (Stat Soft, Inc.,Tulsa, OK). In total, 950 adults of A. obliqua were captured in all traps, 615 flies were females, and 335 were males. In addition, traps captured individuals of Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann). We found that the catches were sig nificantly affected by treatment (total flies F = 34.38; df= 5, 20; < 0.001; females F = 45.60; df = 5, 20; < 0.001; males F = 12.66; df= 5, 20; < 0.001). Traps baited with HP, AA + Pu + SM, and AA + Pu caught more females and total flies than the traps baited with AA + SM, Pu + SM, and SM alone. While the traps baited with HP, AA + Pu, and AA + Pu caught more males than the traps baited with AA + SM, Pu + SM, and SM alone. Flies males captures by traps baited with AA + Pu + SM were not significantly different from the catches by traps baited with HP, AA + Pu, or AA + SM. Number of males A. obliqua caught by traps baited with AA + SM was not significantly different from the catches by traps baited with Pu + SM, and SM alone. The traps baited with Pu + SM, and SM alone captured the fewest males (Fig. 1). Our results showed that combination of ammo nium acetate and putrescine with synthetic blend of S. mombin fruits did not improve the captures of both sexes of feral A. obliqua. Similar results to those found in the present study have been re ported in A. ludens, when a blend of 4 synthetic compounds of volatiles of yellow chap?te: 1,8-cin eole, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, and hex anol in combination with putrescine, ammonium bicarbonate, and methylamine HCl did not in crease the captures compared with the traps con taining metabolites of amino acids alone (Ro backer 1998). In the course of this experiment, we observed that flies fed on fallen ripe mangoes, and this may affect the response of feral flies to AA + Pu + SM, and SM alone. In semi-natural condi


This document describes how pesticides work on living things, so you can learn to reduce or eliminate exposure. This document is PI-13, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date July 1993. Revised July 2005.
PI-13/PI008: Toxicity of Pesticides (ufl.edu)


The research featured the effect of dominant mental state on professional self-awareness. The survey was conducted as part of personnel audit and involved 113 employees of an agricultural holding with 1–5 years of experience. The empirical data were provided by two questionnaires: Professional Self-Awareness and Determining the Dominant State. The activity parameter reflected the level of claims and setting for professional self-development. As an indicator of professional selfawareness, it is connected with such parameters of mental state as "active (passive) attitude to the life" and "high (low) tonus". The positivity indicator defines one's acceptance and perception of oneself as a professional. It is interconnected with "vigor" as a mental state indicator. In subjects with an active-positive professional self-awareness, synthonic and active types of mood prevailed. In situations where activity dominated over positivity, active mood also domineered. Synthonic mood dominated if positivity indicators were more pronounced than activity. Subjects with a balanced professional self-awareness demonstrated a happy and enthusiastic mood. Enthusiastic mood prevailed when activity dominated, a happy mood increased with increasing positivity. Passive-negative professional self-awareness was associated with a contemplative mood. The research can help to prevent tonic "risk conditions", e.g. overwork and asthenic conditions. In addition, the study can be used to develop an active-positive professional self-awareness in employees, as well as the sense of vocational and psychological well-being.


Anthropometric history has shed light on some consequences of industrialization and urbanization on the biological dimensions of living standards across different areas of Spain. Yet the impact of these processes on specific segments of the population together with the magnitude of intra-urban differences, remain largely unexplored in this country. This paper presents and discusses male height differentials by occupation and urban districts in the industrial town of Antequera (Andalusia, Southern Spain) between 1879 and 1899 (cohorts born between 1859 and 1879). This period witnessed the halt of the growth experienced by wool-based manufacturing and its subsequent decline in this town. Anthropometric and socio-demographic data are utilized that were compiled from military enlistments held over that period which included more than five thousand young males aged 18-20. Descriptive analyses and multivariate linear regression analysis are conducted. Results illustrate the influence of two components of inequality and poverty in past urban societies during the dynamics of industrialization: income levels and physical environment. For the most part, the peasantry exhibits the lowest height averages. Within this group, those living in the industrial periphery of the town display lower mean statures.


Today's numerous Quantitative Analysis (QA) tools have been successfully utilized to solve business problems in diverse applications. However, the application of QA tools in solving information security problems has been sparse. Devising the means and ways to use QA tools in resolving industry-wide security problems has the potential to yield enormous global economic benefit. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of QA tools as a means of improving the processes involved in the Information Security Systems Development Lifecycle (SecSDL). Information security professionals use the SecSDL as a guide for formulating a comprehensive information security program. The paper examines the fit between QA tools and the processes of the SecSDL. A case application illustrates an example of QA tools applied specifically to risk assessment in the SecSDL.


Analysis of biomagnetic fluid (blood) flow (BFD) is important due to the potential biomedical applications that have been proposed such as cell separation for magnetic devices, drug delivery using magnetic particles for the treatment of cancer tumours, hyperthermia, and the reduction of bleeding during surgeries. In this study, the effects of spatially varying magnetic field on a straight channel with an overlapping stenosis is investigated numerically using finite element method (FEM). The mathematical model of biomagnetic fluid is constructed based on the coupled study of Navier-Stokes equations with the principles of ferrohydrodynamic (FHD). While the flow in a constricted artery is considered to be Newtonian, steady, two-dimensional and isothermal. Galerkin finite element method is used to discretize the governing equations and then the source code is developed by using MATLAB software. The source code is validated, and the results is compared with the previous literature. Based on the findings, the introduction of magnetic field alters the behaviour of blood flow in the area near the magnetic source. The increment of magnetic field intensity near stenosis area causes the recirculation area downstream to become smaller. This could be seen from the velocity profile and streamline pattern of constricted artery.


This study investigates the understanding of emoticons and emojis used in text messages. Theaim of this study is to determine whether there is a universal understanding of emoticons andemojis, whic ...


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to compare the level of Workload between female and male in Police of West Sumatra. This study uses questionnaire for data collection and the numbers of sample accounted for 64 respondents that consisted of 31 female and 33 male. In order to test hypotesis development, this study employed independent sample t test. The findings of this study displayed that there was a significant difference between female and male workload. In other words, mean value of workload for female was found to be higher than male. Keywords : Workload, Gender


Rice cultivation in Italy is mostly located in the northern regions and extends over about 240 000 ha which represent only 1.4% of the total arable area (16 800 000 ha). Italy is the largest rice producer in the European Union (EU): approximately two thirds of Europe's rice is produced in Italy and approximately two thirds of the national production is exported both towards the EU countries (two-thirds of the exported amount) and other countries mainly in the Mediterranean area and in Eastern Europe. The average yield is 6 t/ha; 85% of the surface is grown with japonica type varieties, the rest with Thaibonnet. Italian consumers prefer bold and chalky grain so that indica-type rice is entirely exported. From an agronomical point of view, the main constraints of rice production are: low temperature at sowing and flowering time; blast disease; weeds and red rice. The possibility exists to increase the potential yield by varietal improvement with emphasis on disease resistance/tolerance, low temperature tolerance, lodging resistance. Research programmes concern breeding for yield stability and grain quality; breeding for cold and disease resistance; weed control and biotechnology (anther culture, transformation). Rice is one of the most economically important cereal crops in Italy, in view of foreign exchange. The cultivated rice area in Italy has increased since the beginning of the European Community policy, mainly owing to favourable market conditions for Italian paddy production. Rice cultivation in Italy is mostly located in the northern regions (Po Valley) and extends at present over about 240,000 ha (including some small areas cropped in the Sardinia island and southern Italy) which represent only 1,4% of the total arable area (16,800,000 ha). The rice area has continuously been increasing in the last fifteen years (Table 1). In the same period, there has been a constant trend towards a reduction of the number of farms and an increase of the surface of each farm (Table 2). In the last years, an evolution has been taking place in so far as varieties are concerned: the cultivation of indica type varieties has started and the surface grown with these genotypes reached about 20% of the total rice area in 1995 (Table 3). For the same year, the most cultivated varieties in Italy were Thaibonnet, Loto, Balilla, Drago and Ariete (Table 4). Italy is actually the largest rice producer in the European Union (EU): approximately 2/3 of the European rice is produced in Italy and approximately 2/3 of the national production is exported both towards EU countries (2/3 of the exported amount) and other countries mainly in the Mediterranean area and in Eastern Europe (Table 1). The expected production is approximately 1,4 million metric tons of paddy rice and the average yield is about 6 tons/ha. Rice production and research potential in Italy S. Russo, Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicultura, Vercelli (Italy) A.M. Callegarin, Ente Nazionale Risi, Milan (Italy) CIHEAM Options Mediterraneennes


The results of a precision re-evaluation of the mumesonic x-ray transition energies for Tl, Pb, Bi, Ti, Fe, Cu, and Zn are presented. The 2p-ls and 3d-2p transition regions were studied for Tl, Pb, and Bi, and the 2p fine structure splitting was determined with good precision from both sets of measurements. Tl, Pb, and Bi transition energies were determined to about 0.2%, while the 2p state ffine structure splitting was determined to within 2 to 3%. The results are in good agreement with theoretically predicted values of others based on the charge distributions lmplied from the hlgh energy electron scattering experlments. An anomaly in the observed intensity ratio of the 2p/sub 1/2,-ls to 2p/sub 3/2-ls transitions for Bi and Tl is discussed. It is believed to be due to an excitation of the first excited state of the initial nucleus. The observed 2p-ls transition energies for Ti, Fe, Cu, and Zn are also given. The experimental uncertainties were 0.2 to 0.3%, and comparison with theoretically predicted values is much improved relative to earlier experimental results. (auth)


For the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the ATLAS detector will install a new Inner Tracker (ITk), which consists completely of silicon detectors. The most inner part is composed of pixel detectors, the outer part of strip detector elements. All together ca. 28000 detector modules will be installed in the ITk volume. Although different technologies were chosen for the inner and outer part, both detectors share a lot of commonalities concerning their requirements. These are operation in the harsh radiation environment, the restricted space for services, and the high power density, which requires a very efficient cooling system. While the sub-detectors have chosen different strategies to reduce their powering services, they share the same CO2 cooling system. The main risks for operation are heat ups and condensation, therefore a common detector control system is under development. It provides a detailed monitoring of the temperature, the radiation and the humidity in the tracker volume. Additionally, an interlock system, a hardware based safety system, is designed to protect the sensitive detector elements against upcoming risks. Another constraint is that once the detector is installed its components are not accessible for several years or even for the lifetime of the detector. Thus the control system must be fault tolerant and provide very good remote diagnostics. The components of the ITk common monitoring and interlock system are presented.


Abstract : An effective civil-military relationship represents a critical component of the American governmental system and requires mutual understanding, uncensored debate, and institutional trust to produce a coherent national strategy and to project the will of the American people.


To select the optimal site was the foundation of cultivating Korean pine artificial forest and also a kind of not increasing investment,expected to have relatively substantially increase production is an effective way.In order to achieve this goal,through a series of research and preparation of Korean pine plantation site index,site quality evaluation,to create a fast growing forest and provide a scientific basis.


The development of Islamic family law is carried out in all countries where the majority of the population is Muslim. New ideas in the field of Islamic family law are generally stated in the form of legislation. In Indonesia, the final court decision in the field of Islamic family law decided with the judges of Indonesian Supreme Court. The decision of Supreme Court judge will be jurisprudence. This study aims to examine the role of Supreme Court's jurisprudence in development of Islamic family law. The research conducted was library research. This study concluded: First, Judges of the Supreme Court in the Islamic civil field have a very important role in the development of Islamic family law in Indonesia. Judges can make breakthroughs or reform the thoughts of Islamic family law as outlined in the decisions they issued. Second, decisions of Supreme Court judges that have permanent legal, fixed and final will be used as jurisprudence or references by judges in the Religious Courts.


The article argues that the basic arguments of the article must be based upon observation and analysis. Observation may be of published literature or of experiments conducted to prove or disprove a notion. Observations can be of the behavior of specific materials or machines or social or economic phenomenon. Also, the issues raised in the paper must have some theoretical or practical significance in the specific professional field. The author may contradict or extend a theory already propounded or may propound a new theory, or may simply explain how the proposition is rooted theoretically. Also, the key statement should have some practical significance. Research should always be actionable, i.e. it should be applicable in certain areas. If a new method for testing a textile product is the subject, it should be possible for textile manufacturers to apply that method in real situations. Unless a proposed way of forecasting futures prices can be applied to real world data, it is unlikely to evoke much interest from the academia, as well as the industry.


The value or social value of an idea is only achieved by circulation. The process of circulation itself does not generate ideas—human brain power does. But without this circulation in seminars, books, journals, and personal interactions among thinkers, the social value itself will not exist. Without the process of circulation, an idea will not generate surplus value, the value over and above its starting point as an outcome of what was invested in it by a single brain. In this issue, we bring you essays on how theological ideas, viewpoints, influences, and hopes for inclusivity circulate and are transformed contextually in the worlds of theological scholars, textual interpreters, and everyday Christians. Issue 43.2 of Pneumamaps bold stories of the mobility of ideas.We start from the currents of contemporary pentecostal and charismatic interpretation, which flow around and through Acts 8:4–25; move to the sourcing of trinitarian ideas in Jesus's teaching itself; proceed to the circulation of theological influences of Christian Reconstruction and the New Apostolic Reformation between North America and Zambia; and navigate our way into "normative" racialized bodies across Black Pentecostal movements in the United States. From here we shift to the recent currents of Lutheran-Pentecostal ecumenical ideas in Sweden. Finally, we return to a tribute note honoring four past presidents of the Society for Pentecostal Studies (sps), whose ideas continue to circulate among us, as they soar to heaven on the strong wings of their scholarship and godly leadership. Circulation andmobility constitute an excellent lens throughwhich to interpret Pentecostalism and the contribution of pentecostal scholarship to a contemporary understanding of the human condition. The pentecostal way of being is "predicated on mobility or, more precisely, circularity."1 Devaka Premawardhana, in his 2018 book Faith in Flux (the winner of the 2021 Pneuma Book Award), artfully used this lens of circulation to map the singular story of the mobility of Makhuwa Pentecostals in the southern African country of


Objective To compare the retromolar space(RMS) between different antero-posterior(A-P) skeletalpatterns, and explore the relationship between the status of third molar eruption/impaction with the different A-P skeletalpatterns. Methods A total of 90 orthodontic patients(25-35 years old) were investigated from dental pantomograms(DPTs)and lateral cephalograms(LC). The subjects were divided into three groups according to their ANB angle: skeletal classⅠ,skeletal class Ⅱ, and skeletal class Ⅲ. Each group was subdivided into impacted and erupted subgroups. Values of DPT andLC were traced, and the following variables were measured including mandibular body length, third molar angulation and ret-romolar space width. Results The retromolar space width was significantly smaller in class Ⅱ subjects than that in classⅢ subjects, and RMS was significantly smaller in impacted group than that in erupted group, respectively(P0.05). Therewas no significant difference in the mandibular angle in erupted subgroup(P0.05). There was a smaller mandibular bodylength in impacted subjects(P 0.05). Conclusion There is a relationship between different morphological characteristicsof sagittal skeletal pattern and the impacted status. Patients with shorter mandibular body length and decreased RMS widthare more inclined to impaction.


Diffractive optical elements such as Fresnel zoneplate lenses have many uses at extreme ultraviolet (EUV), particularly in short focal length, high-resolution applications. However, the diffraction efficiency of a pure absorption zoneplate is limited to about 10%, and it suffers additional loss through the membrane support material. To this end, the authors explored the possibility of silicon nitride (Si3N4) as a EUV phase shifting material. At an etched depth of 244 nm, they measured a diffraction efficiency of 18% in the first order and 18% in the zero order, which compares favorably to an amplitude grating of 10% and 25%, respectively. The measured efficiency as a function of etch depth matches the scalar theory quite well using a measured EUV index of refraction 0.9790 + 0.0066i at the wavelength of 13.5 nm. To further increase the efficiency, zoneplates were made freestanding, with the support membrane completely removed, and a 15% absolute efficiency was obtained. Vector electromagnetic calculations...


The article outlines the process of developing a mathematical model of the human arm. The model arm consists of two joints connected by the rotational link. Each of them is represented as a truncated cone prism which changes its shape during motion. The shape change instant depends on the two-state coordinates being the angular displacements q1 and q2. Based on the analysis of the arm motion a mathematical model is proposed. The design process is made on the basis of switched systems theory. We present a transition from the general equation of a two-link arm's dynamics to the state equation for stationary linear models. Based on previous step a mathematical model is presented as a switched linear system. The article also shows that the dependency of the switching rule on the two components of the state vector.


Title of Document: THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MATERNAL DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND MATERNAL INSENSITIVITY: THE MEDIATING OR MODERATING ROLE OF MATERNAL PERCEPTION OF THE INFANT. Badia Sami AlBanna, Master of Arts, 2005 Directed By: Professor Jude Cassidy Department of Psychology Maternal insensitivity is associated with many developmental outcomes. The link between maternal depressive symptoms and maternal insensitivity is well documented. In addition, the literature supports a link between (a) maternal depressive symptoms and maternal perception of the infant and (b) maternal perception of the infant and maternal insensitivity. However, the role of maternal perception of the infant as a potential mediator or moderator of the link between maternal depressive symptoms and maternal insensitivity has not been evaluated. 150 first time, economically stressed mothers with temperamentally irritable infants from the Washington DC Metropolitan area participated. No significant links between maternal depressive symptoms, maternal perception of the infant and maternal insensitivity emerged. THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MATERNAL DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND MATERNAL INSENSITIVITY: THE MEDIATING OF MODERATING ROLE OF MATERNAL PERCEPTION OF THE INFANT


In several decades, climate change has been occurred due to warmer sea surface condition, and tropical cyclone will become more intense in the future. That means the storm surge risk is more increased. It is necessary to be an evaluation of the risk of the storm surge with inundation. In this study, numerical storm surge simulation with inundation of high-resolution are carried out and the influence of climate change on storm surge are simulated.


Sorption kinetics of benzene-hexane-mixtures on NaA'-zeolites is studied. Whereas the uptake curve for benzene monotonously rises to the equilibrium value, the uptake curve for hexane passes through a maximum, which is considerably higher than the equilibrium value. Using the formulae for surface flow in irreversible thermodynamics, as given by ASH and BARRER [13], the main features of the experimental results can be explained.


The Ottawa Texture Measuring System (OTMS) was used to measure the force required to cut the straw from five field-grown cultivars of barley under two different nitrogen regimes and three plant growth regulation chemical (PGR) treatments. The method detected cultivar differences, the effect of N-fertilization and the effect of the PGR on the straw strength. There were distinct differences between cultivars in the gradient of force required to cut the straw at different internodes along the shoot. The gradient of strength may be indicative of lodging susceptibility. Increased N-fertilization decreased the overall force required to cut all five barley cultivars. The three PGR altered the required force in a fashion dependent on the cultivar.Key words: Barley, straw, OTMS, PGR, nitrogen, lodging


The oxidation-reduction equilibrium between ferrous and ferric iron in Na2O · 2Si02 glass melts was studied by equilibrating melts with various oxygen partial pressures. Exceedingly long equilibration times were required to obtain meaningful results. The reaction appears to be diffusion-controlled and may be expressed as 202-+ 4Fe3+$4 4Fe2++ O2. Data are presented in which the valence of iron varies from predominantly +3 to predominantly +2.


An early idea for fueling a controlled fusion device had been the injection of a polarized mixture of ions and electrons across a magnetic field and into the device. Now, the beam intensity (several kA/cm/sup 2/) required for this technique is available from pulsed ion diodes. Remaining feasibility questions involve beam optics and trapping. The most obvious advantage over neutral-beam injection is avoidance of the need to produce high-energy atoms. Therefore, the technique will compete best at ion energies above 100 keV. The method appears feasible for pulsed startup of mirror machines, but not for steady-state injection into a plasma.


Engine intake port geometry controls swirl ratio, volumetric efficiency and combustion char- acteristics as well as emissions reduction. Swirl gen- eration of different port configurations has been stud- ied to achieve the optimum swirl ratio that is essen- tial for different engine applications and operating con- ditions, this would lead to optimum combustion and emission levels. In this paper a CFD simulation of DI diesel engine is used to investigate the flow characteristics in ports and combustion chamber where the outcome would be emission level reduction. The dominant parame- ters of intake port design are studied in detail together with swirl ratio to control NOx and soot. In this study CFD code has been used to simulate the open cycle flow and combustion process in the engine. The ac- curacy of simulated model is validated using available experimental data of an engine.


The invention discloses a rotary type garlic clove separating device, comprising two soft turntables, the turntables are arranged face to ace but rotate inversely, a distance between the turntables is 1 to 15 centimeters and is adjustable, oscillating separators are arranged below the soft turntables, cone buckets of the oscillating separators are connected with a cyclone separator in a tangential direction through a pipeline, a central tube of the cyclone separator is connected with an exhaust fan, and a bottom is connected with an airlock discharging machine; cyclone tubes that are vertically placed are arranged above the soft turntables, and the cyclone tubes are provided with gas ejection tubes that enter therein in a tangential direction; oscillating feeders are arranged above the soft turntables or the cyclone tubes. The rotary type garlic clove separating device skillfully uses the soft turntables to rub and rotate garlic bulbs, rotational acceleration prompts centrifugal clove separation and simultaneously can softly extrude and twist the garlic clove, the device not only prompts clove separation but also does not damage the garlic, and is further combined with cyclone acceleration for optimum use so as to realize efficient, reliable and damage-free mechanical separation of the garlic bulbs, the device has a simple structure and low failure rate, and lays a good foundation for the subsequent steps, thereby having broad prospects.


In this paper, we fabricated a novel multilayer microfluidic device with vertical embedded electrodes. The device was composed of printed circuit board (PCB) substrate with vertical embedded electrodes, the polyimide insulating layer and the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with micro structures. The vertical electrodes were made by metal wire and integrated on the PCB substrate, they can be replaced when fail or broken. In addition, we investigated the relationship between electrodes height and the electro-osmotic flow by using numerical simulation. The results show that, with the increase electrodes height inside the microchannel, the speed of electro-osmotic flow increased and concentration field distribution improved significantly.


BackgroundOne of the most resistant important mechanisms against beta-lactam antibiotics is Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. These enzymes can hydrolyze penicillin, cephalosporin, Cephamycin, and monobactam. The genes of these enzymes are located on integron and can be transmitted to other strains of bacteria, including the Enterobacteriaceae.The study of ESBL genes is critical for the report to clinicians for an appropriate antibiotic pattern. This study aimed for rapid and precise identification of ESBL genes by the Multiplex PCR method.Methods In this study, three pair primers were designed for common ESBL genes (TEM, AmpC, KPC) using Genscript software. The first use contains control positive genes was performed set-up of PCR. Negative control samples and the 50 isolates of the Escherichia coli isolated from Baqiyatallah hospital were studied with this method. Results The results of this research showed that primers designed for ESBL genes (TEM, AmpC, KPC) were able to simultaneously identify positive control samples. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR technique for ESBL genes was 1 pg and specificity reported 100%.Conclusion This study showed that a Multiplex PCR designed with a sensitivity of 1 pg and 100% specificity can correctly detect ESBL genes. Therefore, by quickly and correctly identifying the pattern of antibiotic resistance and providing a suitable treatment pattern to physicians, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes as well as the occurrence of economic and human losses can be prevented.


Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive subtype of DLBCL, first reported in HIV-infected patients1 and subsequently recognized in the WHO 2008 classification.2 PBL often arises in the oral cavity, but other sites include the nasal cavity, GI tract, skin, bone, and lungs.3-5 PBL mainly affects those with immunodeficiency,3-5 but can affect some immunocompetent individuals.6 Histologically, PBL presents as dense proliferation of immature cells like Burkitt's lymphoma.2,5,7 The immunophenotype of PBL, however, resembles myeloma cells: CD38+, CD138+, cyIg+, MUM1+, CD45-, CD20-, and smIg-.3-5 EBV is mostly positive.3-5,7 A 53-year-old HIV-negative and immunocompetent woman was admitted because of chest pain and dyspnea. CT scanning revealed a large tumor in the right chest wall (Figure 1A), pleural effusion, para-aortic lymph node swelling, and a tumor in the sacral bone (Figure 1B and 1C, respectively). Laboratory findings are shown in Table 1. Serum IgG was 7,633 mg/dL, and revealed to be IgG-λ monoclonal protein. Many atypical plasma cell-like cells with CD38+, CD56+, CD138+, cyIgG+, and cyλ+ phenotype were observed in the pleural effusion (Figure 2). The karyotype was abnormal, with a complex involving chromosomes 1 and 3 (Table 1).8-10 Furthermore, FISH analysis demonstrated t(4;14).11 The chest tumor histologically exhibited dense proliferation of large immature cells (Figure 3A, B), and these cells were positive for CD138 and λ light chain (Figure 3C and 3D, respectively). A tentative diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made. She refused treatment with conventional anti-cancer agents. We therefore treated her with novel agents for myeloma, which were available in 2015 without any obvious response. Then, we performed radiotherapy for the chest tumor and other tumoral lesions. However, she died four months after admission. Histopathological re-examination of the chest tumor revealed it to be PBL. Immunostaining for myc was strongly positive as reported in PBL, and FISH split signal analyses for c-myc, but not for Bcl-2 or Bcl6, yielded split signals and amplification of this gene (Figure 3F). Serum virus genomes for EBV and HHV-8 were not detected by PCR. This patient appeared to have a borderline feature between plasmablastic plasma cell myeloma (PBPCM)12 because the tumor-involvement site was atypical for PBL3-5 and this patient carried multiple chromosomal abnormalities related with aggressive multiple myeloma.8-11 The genetic background of PBL has not yet fully understood5; therefore, accumulation of PBL cases and further molecular studies are required regarding clinical features and molecular profiles of PBPCM.


M any factors, including professional and  personal relationships and activities, can influence the design, conduct, and reporting of the clinical science that informs health care decision. The potential for conflict of interest exists when these relationships and activities may bias judgement (1). Many stakeholders—editors, peer reviewers, clinicians, educators, policymakers, patients, and the public—rely on the disclosure of authors' relationships and activities to inform their assessments. Trust in the transparency, consistency, and completeness of these disclosures is essential. Ten years ago, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) adopted the "ICMJE Form for the Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest" as a uniform mechanism for collecting and reporting authors' relationships and activities that readers might consider relevant to a published work (2). The goal was to avoid the confusion (and often ensuing controversy) created when journals vary in how they collect and report this information. We believe a uniform disclosure form has been helpful, but problems remain. First, the software supporting the current form is increasingly problematic, making its use difficult or impossible for an increasing number of authors. More important, however, is that many authors and readers misunderstand, misapply, or misinterpret the disclosures. Although some individuals violate the public trust by purposefully hiding relevant relationships and activities, we believe most authors are committed to transparent reporting and consider it as vital to the advancement of clinical science. Nonetheless, disagreement, confusion, and controversy regarding authors' disclosures arise when opinions differ over which relationships and activities to report. An author might not report an item that others deem important because of a difference in opinion regarding what is "relevant," confusion over definitions, or a simple oversight. Some authors may be concerned that readers will interpret the listing of any item as a "potential conflict of interest" as indicative of problematic influence and wrongdoing, a concern often raised regarding the requirement to report publicly funded grants. For their part, some readers fail to recognize that their own relationships and activities influence how they assess the work of others and what they deem to be a "conflict" for others or themselves. Editorial


SUMMARY 1. River floodplains with their constituent biodiversity are among the most endangered ecosystems worldwide. These systems are conceptualised as mosaics of aquatic and terrestrial patches at different successional stages colonised by a wide range of aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial species. 2. In three reaches in the active corridor of a French Mediterranean braided river, we tested whether community structure and composition of ground-dwelling terrestrial arthropods varied across the mosaic of terrestrial patches, and identified some of the underlying mechanisms. 3. We predicted that arthropod community structure and composition would vary consistently with the age and position of the patches in the mosaic, due to species habitat preferences and dispersal. We also predicted that between-patch species turnover would contribute to corridor diversity to a greater extent than within-patch diversity. 4. The natural flow regime of the Asse River promoted patch diversity in all the reaches considered. Arthropod communities differed according to patch age, indicating that successions had occurred over a decennial timescale. By contrast, the location of patches within the mosaics seemed not to affect communities, suggesting that dispersal was not limited. The contribution of between-patch diversity to corridor diversity far exceeded that of within-patch diversity, as predicted by mosaic theory. 5. These results put the onus on river ecosystem managers to preserve natural flow regimes in braided rivers, so as to foster various types of pioneer and mature habitat patches and maintain associated biodiversity.


The residue dynamics of quizalofop-P-ethyl were studied by GC method to evaluate their safety in blueberry.The results showed that the average recoveries in fruit were from 76.58%—89.16%,and the relative standard derivation(RSD) was between 1.25%—4.36%;the average recoveries in soil were from 80.26%—92.24%,and the relative standard derivation(RSD) was between 2.36%—3.70%.Faster dynamical regularity of quizalofop-P-ethyl was found in fruit than in soil,and almost no residue was found in fruit and soil after 14 days of spraying.The half-lives of quizalofop-P-ethyl in blueberry and soil were 1.14 d and 2.3 d respectively.Three times of application with five-day interval in every flower period are recommended as the safe usage standard with the safe interval of twelve days from harvest when quizalofop-P-ethyl 5% is applied in blueberry at diluted 200 times.


This paper considers the problem of sensor selection for the estimation of a stochastic source, being the sensor nodes powered by energy harvesting. Therefore, the interest lies in selecting the subset of most informative sensors that transmit their observations to a fusion center (FC). To that end, we propose to minimize the attained distortion at the FC plus a penalization term that promotes sparsity on the power allocation at the sensors. Then, we propose a decentralized algorithm in which the power allocation (and, thus, the selection policy) and distortion minimization problems can be regarded as separated problems. More specifically, the algorithm consists of: (i) a local computation of the power allocation policy, and (ii) a distortion minimization step. Moreover, for the case where sparsity is promoted via the classical ℓ1 norm, we show that the resulting local power allocation policy can be readily computed by means of a waterfilling-like algorithm.


Based upon analysis on the change of interaction system among real property investor, consumers and architects in market economy the new characteristics of housing design are discussed. Author points out that architect should conform himself to market guidance and enhance self quality that good residential scheme can be designed.


For some patients with major depression, psychotherapy and medications offer little respite, which prompts many psychiatrists to turn to electroconvulsive therapy, particularly to relieve psychosis or thoughts of suicide.

![Figure][1]

Electroconvulsive therapy is increasingly being


Four wave mixing techniques are used to induce refractive-index gratings in Eu-doped glasses. When the Eu3+ ions are resonantly excited, superimposed transient and permanent gratings are formed. The former is characteristic of population grating, while the latter is attributed to local structural modifications of the glass host induced by high energy "phonons" localized around the Eu3+ ions. The result suggest the use of such gratings for de-multiplexing applications.