For the first time a biocompatible calcium carbonate vateritic polymorph was recrystallized from eggshell waste and its application for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples was demonstrated. This nanoporous calcium carbonate was used as sorbent in dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction method. In this approach 50 mg of the calcium carbonate material having about 25 nm pores was placed in a 5mL of water sample and ultrasonicated for 30min. The cloudy sample was centrifuged at 13500 rpm for 2 min. The aqueous layer was then discarded and the CaCO3 material was dabbed dry with a lint-free tissue. The analytes were then desorbed with 100 µL of dichloromethane by ultrasonication for 5 min. Finally, the extract was analyzed by gas chromatography flame ionization detector. Experimental parameters affecting the extraction recoveries were optimized. Using optimum extraction conditions, calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients of 0.9853 to 0.9973 over the concentration range of 0.05 to 30 ng/mL. This method showed a detection limit as low as 0.004 ng/mL (at signal-to-noise ratio of 3). Performance of the dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction was compared with a previously optimized solid-phase extraction technique. The developed method displayed good extraction recoveries (85 ± 8-110 ± 4%) with high enhancement factors (388- 1433-fold) and good repeatability (% RSD < 13) and involved the use of minimal solvents. Analysis of seawater from Dammam Port revealed the presence of the analytes at concentrations between 0.15 ± 0.01 and 13.43 ± 1.54 ng/mL.


Objectives: To investigate the risk of flare-ups after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease. Methods: A total of 1,617 patients with rheumatic diseases were identified from three rheumatology clinics. Patients were interviewed for demographic data, disease activity, and vaccination status. Disease flare-up was determined clinically by independent rheumatologists. Change of serum markers and medications were retrieved from medical records. The risk of exacerbation of rheumatic disease, change in serum markers, and escalation of rheumatic medications between vaccinated and nonvaccinated patients were determined using Cox, linear, and logistic regression models, respectively. Possible confounding factors were also taken into consideration. Results: Among 562 (34.76%) patients who received COVID-19 vaccination, rheumatic disease (HR = 2.10, [Formula: see text] 0.001), inflammatory arthritis (HR = 2.71, [Formula: see text] 0.001), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (HR = 2.03, [Formula: see text] = 0.002), spondyloarthritis (SpA) (HR = 4.78, [Formula: see text] 0.001), autoimmune disease (HR = 1.77, [Formula: see text] = 0.01), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (HR = 1.99, [Formula: see text] = 0.02) were associated with postvaccination clinical flare-up. Adult Still's disease (B = 12.76, [Formula: see text] = 0.03) was associated with increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP). No association was found between vaccination and escalation of rheumatic medication. Subgroup analyses showed that only the mRNA vaccine was associated with flare-ups. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination was associated with minor disease flare-up but not escalation of rheumatic medications. In the absence of absolute contraindications, COVID-19 vaccination is recommended in patients with rheumatic disease. KEY MESSAGES 1. Vaccination is effective in the prevention of morbidity due to COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases. 2. The mRNA vaccine was associated with mild rheumatic disease flare-up. 3. Inactivated virus vaccine is preferable to mRNA vaccine in patients with active autoimmune disease.


Several small blisters were noticed on the forehead and the trunk of a newborn boy on day 1. The blisters gradually enlarged and spread over the whole body including the oral mucosa. A skin biopsy was performed twice and subepidermal bullae with polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell infiltration were demonstrated. Direct immunofluorescence showed linear IgA, IgG and C3 depositions along the basement membrane zone and this finding led to a diagnosis of linear IgA bullous dermatosis. So far, internationally, only one case has ever been reported on the disease at neonatal onset. The skin lesions spontaneously regressed and the mucosal lesions were controlled with diaminodiphenylsulfone.


Recent business research points to the fortune awaiting to be tapped in low-end markets. In this paper, we investigate how the size of the low-end market influences a firm's profits and the pioneering firm's quality choice. As low-valuation consumers increase in a market, on average, consumers' willingness to pay decreases. This may lead us to expect firms' profits to decrease as the size of the low-end market increases. Our analysis shows that, if the size of the low-end market is below a threshold, an increase in the size of the low-end market may actually dampen price competition and improve profits, as firms can then strategically choose their quality levels such that their products are more differentiated. Conventional wisdom also suggests that the pioneering firm will offer a higher-quality product and earn more profits compared with the later entrant. In contrast to this notion of quality advantage, our analysis identifies circumstances in which a pioneer can offer a lower-quality product and yet earn more profits. An experimental test lends support for some of our model's predictions. We further extend the model to consider markets with multiple firms, firms with multiple products, and consumers with limited purchasing power.


Increasing doses of dextran, a commercial 6% solution, were injected intravenously into both intact and adrenalectomized rats to evaluate the dose–response relationship. The minimum dose capable of producing an edema with 100% incidence was approximately 30 mg/kg in intact and only 4 mg/kg in adrenalectomized rats. Lower doses produced responses of decreasing intensity and incidence with a longer period of onset. Conversely, higher doses resulted in a shorter period of onset and a more intense reaction until a toxic dose was reached, beyond which cyanosis and shock appeared. Adrenalectomized rats reacted similarly to intact ones except that their response occurred at a lower dose range; they could not withstand the toxic effect of higher doses and died of circulatory failure. The fact reported by other workers that the edema is more intense and appears more rapidly after intravenous injection of minute rather than large quantities of dextran was not confirmed; the existence of a "critical dose" that does ...


A new isoreticular series of metal–organic frameworks, called UHM-25 (UHM: University of Hamburg Materials), based on the copper paddle wheel motif and a novel set of homochiral linkers has been synthesized. Starting from amino acids available from the chiral pool a synthesis procedure was established that allows a straightforward, multigram scale synthesis of homochiral linkers in 4–5 steps. These linkers carry substituents that have been proven useful in stereoselective organic chemistry, such as the Evans auxiliary or chiral amino alcohols. The resulting MOFs only differ in the chiral moiety provided by the amino acid starting material. The structure of UHM-25 is composed of cuboctahedral cages of Cu2 paddle wheel motifs connected by the isophthalate moieties of the linker. These cages are linked via the bent backbone of the linker resulting in a primitive cubic arrangement, giving rise to the rare underlying (3,4)-c binodal net ucp. MOFs of the UHM-25 series show surface areas up to SBET = 1900 m2/g. ...


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of culture supernatant form mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the proliferation of rat fibroblast-like synovial cell line RSC-364 and the expression of COX-2, MMP-2.

METHODS
After isolation and identification of MSCs, the effect of MSCs supernatant liquid (MSCs-SL) on the proliferation of RSC-364 and the expression of COX-2, MMP-2 were detected by MTT assay and RT-PCR.

RESULTS
MSCs-SL enhanced the proliferation of synoviocyte and elevated the expression of COX-2 and MMP-2 in synoviocytes (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
MSCs may influence the proliferation of synoviocytes by secreting soluble cytokines and altered the expression level of some enzymes in synoviocytes.


Objective To provide an approach to research of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ 2 function, mouse PPARγ 2 (mPPARγ 2) gene was cloned and its transient expression in eukaryotic cells was carried out. Methods mPPARγ 2 mRNA from epididymis fat pad of Chinese Kunming mice was amplified by RT PCR and subcloned into plasmid pcDNA3 to generate the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/mPPARγ 2 which was confirmed to contain the amplified target gene segments with fluorescence sequencing. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3/mPPARγ 2 was used to transfect COS 7 with lipofectamine and the expressing product was detected with immune fluorescence assay and Western blot. Results The sequencing results for amplified target gene showed that the sequence of mPPARγ 2 from epididymis fat pad of Chinese Kunming mice is similar to that of mouse PPARγ 2 in Genbank, only at the site of 383 amino acid where Ser (AGC) substitutes Asn (AAC). pcDNA3/mPPARγ 2 was efficiently expressed in eukaryotic cells in vitro. Conclusion This work is the experimental basis for further researching on PPARγ 2 function.


It is conducted conkontation of SHF generation ways on harmonics of Gunn diodes negative conductance. The results, which were received at research of the different models of generators, are discussed.


691 children of different ethnic groups were randomly selected in kindergartens in Yili;education is offered in Chinese in these kindergartens.This research compared the development of school readiness of the ethnic minority children with that of the Han nationality children by using the measurement of"The Checklist of Children's School Readiness by Teacher".Results showed that there are remarkable differences between the two groups in the areas of"learning approach","language development",and"cognition and general knowledge".There exist no differences in"physical well-being and motor development"and"social and emotional development", and there are no remarkable differences among all the ethnic minority children in terms of their development of school readiness.


If, in the past, brands were about consistency and continuity, today they are about dynamic relationships and responding to change. Ted Leonhardt and William Faust present the thesis that brands are really conversations with consumers, which maintain their relevance and value by stressing core values instead of particular objects and media. To demonstrate their thinking in action and to highlight the contribution of design to strategic branding, they cite examples from Volkswagen, Apple, Hush Puppies, and several other companies.


The secondary air duct of boilers is a group of large diameter short ducts in parallel connection, having inlet air flow condition with inner positioned resistant pieces. It's resistant coefficient is seriously smaller, and the air damper has strong vortex, thereby, resulting in strong pulsation of the secondary air. Test Data show that the pulsating amplitude of secondary air can reach 40% under some special conditions, affecting more greatly the flame stability. In addtion, analysis shows that the air dampers of same structure installed in different air ducts would have different performance of flow rate adjustment, the secondary air damper with common linear or equal percentage adjusting characteristics isn't existing, unique design with individuality must be made for concrete secondary air duct structure. Increasing original resistan coefficient of the secondary air duct can improve the adjusting performance of air damper, and inhibit pulsation of the flow rate.


Aims: Vulnerability assessment of the hospital against crises has three areas; structural, non-structural and organizational & management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management and organizational vulnerability of a selected hospital in time of crisis. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 2008 in a military hospital in Tehran. Data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire using 5-scale Likert system. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software using different statistical methods. Results: The maximum and minimum level of structural vulnerability was seen in general surgery ward (76.5%) and emergency department (52.22%), respectively. The maximum and minimum of non-structural vulnerability existed in internal and operation room wards (73.5%) and pediatric ward (36.44%), respectively. In management and organizational factors, intensive care unit had the highest vulnerability (80.27%) and the operating room and internal wards had the lowest vulnerability (69.06%). Conclusion: According to high vulnerability of hospitals against crisis, it is necessarily required for senior managers to prepare plans in order to improve the ability of the organization against crisis.


Living organisms, such as microorganisms, plants and animals, are composed of complex constituents, which may include bioactive components that maintain their functions [...].


ABSTRACT Natural scientists increasingly employ the notion of system, i.e. organized groups of individual entities in dynamic interrelation, as a controlling metaphor in their analysis of physical reality, thereby reflecting a new emphasis on ecology and a holistic approach to reality. A.N. Whitehead's understanding of the reciprocal cause-and-effect relation between constituent actual entities and the governing structure of the "society" to which they belong provides philosophical grounding for this new methodology and removes the danger of regarding systems as completely deterministic rather than open-ended and self-organizing. Likewise, a systems-oriented approach to the Christian doctrines of the Trinity, the Incarnation and Eschatology clears up residual ambiguities in the traditional understanding of those same beliefs.


This article studies the transmedial process from the painting 'Nighthawks' (1942) by Edward Hopper (the source medium) to the poem "Nighthawks" (2000) by Anne Carson and to two art GIFs created using the painting as a source (the target media). GIF is a file format that allows movement and an art GIF is a GIF which, in different ways, relates to an existing painting. The investigation is focused on repetition, which manifests in all three media products, and its effect on subjective time. Repetition can have different temporal effects in different media and can therefore be affected by transmediation. In literature, for example, repetition is often a way of slowing or stopping the temporal flow whereas, in painting, it can function both as a time stopper and as an index of movement and thereby temporal flow. Repetition in art GIFs is complex. Even though it represents the desire to add movement (and thus temporality) to a static image, it also halts time by not moving beyond the reiterated sequence it represents.


The congregation of topological quantum and classical systems with the ideas of non-Hermitian physics has generated enormous research interest in the last few years. While the concepts associated to non-trivial topological aspects have provided us an access to the disorder immune states, non-Hermitian physics, which was initially developed within the framework of quantum field theories, has contributed significantly to the study of open quantum systems. Particularly in optics and photonics, the study of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with balanced loss and gain has resulted in many counter-intuitive phenomena. However, the experimental realization of such systems is challenging, and the need for alternative platforms for testing theoretical propositions and proof of concept demonstrations is widely felt. In this context, active electrical and electronic circuitry has proved to be a prolific alternative and has been receiving increasing attention; mainly, the topoelectric circuits, in many instances, have facilitated the investigation of topological conceptions in conjunction with non-Hermitian physics, beyond the limitations of the condensed matter systems. This article provides a succinct introduction to these non-Hermitian topoelectrical circuits and will also discuss some of the novel physics of topological insulators and semimetals that can be conveniently realized and explored in such configurations.


A survey is made of the hardware and software in the newly designed bus guidance system run by Hamburger Hochbahn. Controlled by a process computer, the buses on a section of road are called up at regular intervals to obtain details of their position. The position of the vehicles is determined by means of local code transmitters installed at the roadside. The computer compares the design timetable with the actual timetable, and the results of this are presented on a colour monitor. Thus buses can be used more effectively to avoid traffic holdups and delays can be reduced. (TRRL)


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In our first article, we addressed the developments in public policy that have increased the awareness that overseas work enhances professional development.1 In this article we look in more detail at the benefits that accrue from working in a relief, development, or research setting, both for individuals and for their likeliest long term employer, the NHS.

Overseas work will be particularly relevant for certain specialties. In general practice this has been recognised by the Royal College of General Practitioners which issued a statement promoting overseas work in 1995. The college "recognises that experience doctors gain overseas contributes significantly towards their professional development and that they return to UK general practice with enhanced clinical, organisation and managerial skills which are of great benefit to their patients, the profession and the work of the college." With regard to public health, the Faculty of Public Health Medicine outlined nine key benefits from overseas experience in a report from their newly constituted international working party.2

"Paul Eunson, consultant paediatric neurologist

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Following our discovery that silver(I) oxide-promoted glycosylation with glycosyl bromides can be greatly accelerated in the presence of catalytic TMSOTf or TfOH, reported herein is a new discovery that glycosyl chlorides are even more effective glycosyl donors under these reaction conditions. The developed reaction conditions work well with a variety of glycosyl chlorides. Both benzoylated and benzylated chlorides were successfully glycosidated, and these reaction conditions were effective in coupling substrates containing nitrogen and sulfur atoms. Another convenient feature of this glycosylation is that the progress of this reaction can be monitored by eye, and the completion of the reaction can be judged by the disappearance of characteristic dark color of Ag 2 O.


ABSTRACT What drives a person to take part in a collective action and engage in political protest? This is a question that has long interested social scientists. Recent theoretical and empirical research in industrialised countries that centres on the political behaviour of individuals examines five main factors – grievances, efficacy, identity, emotions and social embeddedness – to understand what leads citizens to join social protests. Drawing on such research and using Israel National Election Studies (INES) data, this article examines the political attitudes of participants in the widespread 'Social Justice' protests that took place in Israel in 2011, with the aim of explaining what motivates civic participation in such protests. By analysing the profile of the demonstrators, our findings provide additional empirical evidence to the theoretical approach and assist in understanding political protest behaviour in general.


This research aimed to develop the formulation of natural rubber filled with carbon black, silica and calcium carbonate for rubber calf nipple application. The reverse engineering was performed on the calf nipple product to analyze the rubber type and component by using Soxhlet extraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Furthermore, mechanical properties were examined to act as benchmark for the rubber compound design. The results showed that rubber component in the nipple product was natural rubber, whereas two filler types revealed as carbon black and calcium carbonate with 10 and 35 of the total weight. In addition, rubber nipple showed the hardness of 46±1 Shore A and tensile strength of 5.3±0.60 MPa. From the investigation of the properties of developed rubber compounds in this work, it was found that the mechanical properties depended on type and content of filler. The required mechanical properties of vulcanizates were achieved at 20 phr of carbon black (N330), 20 phr of silica and 120 phr of calcium carbonate.


In order to create the Mars Pathfinder s mission-critical airbags in the 1990s, NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory collaborated with New Ipswich, New Hampshire s Warwick Mills Inc. to weave multi-layer textiles for the airbags for both Pathfinder and the Mars Exploration Rovers. Warwick Mills applied techniques from the collaboration to its puncture- and impact-resistant TurtleSkin product line. The company's metal flex armor (MFA) vests offer stab protection comparable with rigid steel plates and over 50,000 of the vests have sold. The SoftPlate body armor offers protection from handgun bullets, and like the MFA, is designed to be more comfortable than rigid vests. International public safety and military customers are now benefiting from the TurtleSkin products.


Integrating rough set theory with neural network theory, a novel information fusion method based on rough neural network is proposed. It is used in speech fusion of humanoid intelligent robots. The input could be qualitative, i.e. a range or variational during the observation, as well as quantitative. Because the error transfer function of rough neural network is not differentiable, genetic algorithms are applied for training the network. The simulation results indicated that the novel information fusion method based on rough neural network does improve the speech recognition probability.


This paper presents a novel inverse dynamics control scheme of a 2DOF flexible manipulator incorporating a fuzzy-logic tuner. Due to the complexity of dynamics of flexible manipulator,a simplified dynamics modelis used for rigid manipulator and a flexible states feedback is applied for dynamics compensation, to control the end-point tracking and positioning errors caused by the dynamic deflections. A laser-optical sensing system is specifically dedicated to real time measure the endpoint deflections of each flexible link. The performance of the proposed controller is verified through simulation.


SLIDE SPIRAL BALLS FROM SOBKOW (ŚW KRZYŻ MTS)

Summary
Preservation or transposition to the rock collection of Museum of Earth of large spiral balls formed by slumping from Sobkow quarry near Kielce (Świety Krzyz Mts) is proposed. They are built of oolite-pelitic limestones and are of Upper Astartian age. The spiral balls are more or less fusiform of 1 m in diameter and 2 m long. They were formed contemporaneously during submarine slide in such a mode resembling rolling of carpet of making a snowball during rolling of snowman.


Workers who teamed with local pharmacists to better control their diabetes improved their blood glucose numbers and saved their bosses an average of $918 per year in a pilot program developed by the American Pharmacists Association Foundation.


This paper studies source rock conditions in the Damintun depression in respects of the abundance,vertical development and lateral distribution of source rocks,and analyzes the hydrocarbon migration conditions.The control action of source rock on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Archaeozoic buried hill is analyzed in conjunction with the exploration result in this area.The study indicates that the source rock had controlled the abundance,types and bottom depth of hydrocarbon accumulation in a buried hill trap,and is a key control factor deciding whether an Archaeozoic buried hill trap can accumulate hydrocarbon in this area.


In this paper we construct particular solutions to the classical Vlasov-Poisson system near stable Penrose initial data on $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}$ that are a combination of elementary waves with arbitrarily high frequencies. These waves mutually interact giving birth, eventually, to an infinite cascade of echoes of smaller and smaller amplitude. The echo solutions do not belong to the analytic or Gevrey classes studied by Mouhot and Villani, but do, nonetheless, exhibit damping phenomena for large times.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Drag Force in a Gas Fluidized Granular Bed T.A. BRZINSKI, D.J. DURIAN, University of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Physics — We use a rheometer to measure the torque acting on a rotating bar in a bed of gas-fluidized glass beads. We vary rotation rate from .001-10rps, vary depth from 1-10 cm, and increase the fluidizing gas flow from no flow well into the fluidized regime. We observe that at high rotation rates the drag is roughly proportional to velocity squared. At low rates we can rescale the measured torque by depth, and observe a collapse of the data. These results agree with the predictions of a granular drag force model which has proven effective in predicting granular impact dynamics. The model consists of an inertial drag term, which is depth-independent and scales as velocity squared, and a frictional drag term, which is independent of rate and varies linearly with depth. We find, as expected, that while the frictional term is airflow-dependent the inertial term is uncoupled from the fluidization. Ted Brzinski University of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Physics Date submitted: 14 Dec 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


The urinary system of Paracobitis potanini was studied by using the light microscopic technique the result revealed that the urinary system consisted of kidney,ureter and bladder,the head kidney was not discovered.The kidney included renal corpuscle,renal tubules and lymphoid tissue,and it had no differentiation of cortex and medulla.The renal tubule was divisible into morphologically distinct segments : first and second proximal segments and distal segments,no neck segment.There was a clear difference of ureter's organizational structure between forepart and rearward.The bladder was undeveloped tubular bladder.There were many Stanniuse corpuscle.


The effect of temperature on developmental rates and demographic statistics of apterous and alate Russian wheat aphids (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), was studied in the laboratory using three fluctuating temperature regimes that were similar to average and extreme low and high temperature conditions of late spring in eastern South Dakota. An estimate of the lower threshold for development of immatures was determined (4.1°C). Degree-day (DD) requirements from birth to the onset of reproduction were determined for apterae (139 DD) and alatae (158 DD). Gross and net reproductive rates of both morphs were greatest at the low temperature regime and declined with increasing temperature. When expressed on a time scale of days, intrinsic rates of increase of both morphs were highest and mean generation time shortest at the high temperature regime. On a time scale of DDs, mean generation times converged but intrinsic rates of increase did not; intrinsic rates of increase of both morphs were highest for the low temperature regime and decreased with increasing temperature. For each temperature regime, the intrinsic rate of increase of apterae exceeded that of alatae.


Oscillator strengths and radiative transition probabilities for dipole allowed fine structure levels are obtained for Si-like ions: Si I, S III, Ar V and Ca VII from multiplet line strengths calculated for the Opacity Project and using the observed energy levels. The radiative calculations are carried out in the close-coupling approximation employing the R-matrix method as developed for the Opacity Project. There are relatively little previous data available for the transition probabilities of these ions. Comparisons of the present oscillator strengths with available experimental values exhibit good agreement in general.


After the discovery of heat shock (HS) proteins in Drosophila in the middle of 1970s, active studies began into the structure and functions of proteins of this class, which were found in practically all studied species: from Escherichia coli to man (Schleisinger et al 1982). In addition to heat shock, synthesis of Hsp proteins (Hsps) can be induced by a number of agents, including hypoxia, various chemicals, etc. (Lozovskaya and Evgen'ev 1984; Margulis and Guzhova 2000). At present, Hsps are classifi ed according to their molecular mass and form several groups (Lozovskaya and Evgen'ev 1984; Lindquist 1986; Margulis and Guzhova 2000; Sorensen et al 2003). Expression of the genes encoding some of the Hsps is maintained in most organisms under normal physiological conditions at a low level or is altogether absent and is strongly induced in the presence of stress factors. The main function of Hsps in the case of stress is to prevent aggregation and restore the native tertiary structure of denatured cytoplasmic proteins, whose concentrations sharply increases with the temperature rise and following other forms of stress. Thus, Hsps enhance cell survival under the infl uence of various stress factors. It has been known for a long time that Hsps determine the capacity of cells to adapt to high temperatures (up to a certain limit) and other damaging factors. Experiments with high temperature effects on cells have shown that preliminary moderate HS allows the cells to endure later severe heat shock, which is lethal without the preliminary shock. This phenomenon was called inducible thermotolerance. There is a wealth of experimental data suggesting that it develops due to the accumulation of Hsps (Lozovskaya and Evgen'ev 1984; Lindquist 1986; Morimoto et al 1999; Feder and Hoffman 1999; Margulis and Guzhova 2000). The mechanisms providing whole body adaptation of animals to various adverse environmental conditions including elevated temperature have long attracted the attention of biologists. The range of adaptations is Molecular mechanisms underlying thermal adaptation of xeric animals


The electric dipole-forbidden, quadrupole 6S1/2 5D3/2 transition in Ba+ near 2051 nm, with a natural linewidth of 13 mHz, is attractive for potential observation of parity non-conservation, and also as a clock transition for a barium ion optical frequency standard. This transition also offers a direct means of populating the metastable 5D3/2 state to measure the nuclear magnetic octupole moment in the odd barium isotopes. Light from a diode-pumped, solid state Tm,Ho:YLF laser operating at 2051 nm is used to coherently drive this transition between resolved Zeeman levels in a single trapped 138Ba+ ion. The frequency of the laser is stabilized to a high finesse Fabry Perot cavity at 1025 nm after being frequency doubled. Rabi oscillations on this transition indicate a laser-ion coherence time of 3 ms, most likely limited by ambient magnetic field fluctuations.


Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with frequent pulmonary exacerbations which increase the mortality risk. Therefore, most CF patients are chronically colonized with respiratory pathogens, the most common being Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multidrug-resistant organisms are a major problem in CF patients. It's been hypothesized that continuous-infusion antipseudomonal beta-lactam therapy in CF maintains serum concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration of susceptible strains and is more likely than intermittent infusion to achieve optimal pharmacodynamic targets for some intermediate and resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. The most extensively studied antibiotic for continuous-infusion protocol in CF is ceftazidime, which has been shown to improve lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity) and to increase pulmonary exacerbation free time. There have been no studies to evaluate the cost effectiveness or impact on quality of life of continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion antibiotic therapy in patients with CF. Our study aims to investigate the effect of continuous-infusion antibiotic therapy on pulmonary function. Methods: Cross sectional study of CF patients who were admitted to our hospital with acute pulmonary exacerbations between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2016 and received parenteral antibiotics. We investigated the effect of use of continuous versus intermittent infusion of intravenous antibiotics on the pulmonary function (FEV1% predicted). Results: Intermittent infusion protocol was found to have a very small advantage over continuous infusion protocol on pulmonary function; however this difference is not statistically significant (p=0.0049). The longer the duration of antibiotics, the slightly better the pulmonary function at the end of the treatment, but the difference was not significant (p=0.2543). Conclusions: Even though we could not draw meaningful conclusions from our data, we would like bring attention to this subject because it carries an important therapeutic value for CF patients.


In order to research the effects of different brooding ways on the growth performance of mule ducks, chose 1 day old mule ducks, used two brooding ways of floor-rearing and net-rearing, in the same feeding and management conditions, calculated the daily gain, the feed gain ratio, the growth uniformity, the incidence of disease, and so on indexs in each treatment group. The test results showed that, compared with floor-rearin, the average weight of mule ducks by net-rearing at 6 week old increased 246 g(P0.05), the feed gain ratio reduced 0.25(P0.05), the growth uniformity of 6 week old increased 6.21%(P0.05), the incidence rate of coccidiosis in chicken and respiratory diseases by net-rearing were significantly lower than by floor-rearing(P0.05).


The structure and the energetics of the model systems CpMX2(PH3) + PH3 ⇄ CpMX2(PH3)2 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; M = Cr, Mo; X = Cl, CH3) are studied by performing Moller−Plesset second order (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Extended basis sets are employed in the geometry optimizations. The results indicate that the structural preference can be traced back to the competition between electron pairing stabilization and M−P bond dissociation energy along the spin doublet surface. At all levels of calculation, the energy splitting, a measure of the cost of pairing the electron during the promotion process from the quartet ground state to the excited doublet state for CpCrX2(PH3), is found to be on average 15−20 kcal/mol greater than the energy gain associated with the formation of the new Cr−PH3 bond along the spin doublet surface. For the analogous Mo chloride system the reverse appears to be true, the products with higher coordination being energetically favored by 10−12 kcal/mol. These ...


Working title for a conference paper submitted to: Art & Education Inaugural Papers Prize: 'No Rules Negotiating Art & Deregulation'.

Permitting approval, a 20 minute presentation is to be included at a conference hosted by Art & Education and ArtForum together with a publication in Art and Education.


Repeated load triaxial tests were
performed on five compacted gravel lateritic soils collected from different locations
in Senegal: Sebikotane, Dougar, Pa Lo, Mont-Rolland and Ngoundiane. The study
revealed that resilient modulus decreases with the increase of the bulk and deviatoric stress in constant
confining pressure. In addition, resilient modulus increases with the
percentage of cement for appreciably equal contents of moisture. This effect tends
to stop for higher stress. Besides, correlations were made with some models of resilient modulus
such as the Uzan-Witczack model (Witczack
and Uzan, 1988 [1]) and the National Highway Research Program (NCHRP) model
(2004 [2]). The study confirms that both models give very
good results with the best
correlations being obtained with the Uzan-Witczack model.


The heightened interest of researchers of the Tambov Governorate in the biography of the Aseevs as the richest dynasty of the broadcloth manufacturers determines the relevance of the study. We summarize the known and new to the scientific community information about Vasily Aseev and Tikhon Aseev – the elder representatives of the main merchant dynasty of the Tambov Governorate. The study reveals the reasons for the resettlement of the Aseevs in the villages of Rasskazovo of the Tambov Governorate; the conditions for the acquisition of the first broadcloth factories and distilleries in the Tambov and Saratov Governorates; their productivity and staff; the prerequisites for their transition to the merchants heirs and the emergence of the "Trading House of the brothers M.V. and V.T. Aseev" and the social activity of the manufacturers. We present detailed metric data and the family ties of the first three generations of the Aseevs. As part of study we review and critically analyzed a number of works on the manufacturers' biography and draw attention to the unipolar and tendentious approach in describing the personality of M.V. Aseev and his philanthropy to the detriment of historical authenticity, as well as the insufficiency and stinginess of researches on other representatives of the Aseevs and their industrial and social activities.


Agave sisalana (sisal) is a monocotyledonous plant of great economic interest because it is a source of hard fiber in semi-arid areas. It has also been widely used by rural smallholders for animal feed in several countries. The toxic effects of plant on the animal reproduction are unknown. Then, the study investigated the possible side effects of different extracts derived from the processing of sisal leaves on the reproductive organs weight and testicular tissue of adult rats. The animals were treated with the extract obtained by acid hydrolysis (100 mg/kg body weight– b.w.; EHA/100), dry precipitate extract (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w.; EPS/250 and EPS/500), hexane extract (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.; HEX/50 and HEX/100) or distilled water (Control group). Treatments were performed daily for 30 consecutive days, oral route (gavage) a single time daily. The results showed that in the group treated with EHA/100 extract only the weight of the seminal vesicles has been changed, but in the EPS/250, EPS/500, HEX/50 and HEX/100 groups there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the testes, epididymides and seminal glands weight, in comparison to the control group. All groups treated with the different extracts showed histopathological changes in the testes, characterized mainly by depletion of seminiferous epithelium, detachment of immature germ cells, scarcity sperm in the tubular lumen and interstitial hemorrhage, which occurred in a dose-independent manner in EPS and HEX groups. In conclusion, the different extracts of A. sisalana changed the reproductive organs weight and were promoters from gonadotoxic effect in rats. Keywords— steroidal saponins, reproduction, testicular tissue.


The invention discloses a wire group type fully balanced vertical ship lift and a navigation method thereof. The upper ends of the boards of two adjacent ship reception chambers are mutually connected through striding of a suspension system over assembly pulleys; one end of the suspension system that is arranged at two sides of the wire group type fully balanced vertical ship lift is connected with the upper end of a balance weight system, the other end of the suspension system strides over the assembly pulleys and is connected with the upper end of a board of one ship reception chamber, and the lower end of the balance weight system is connected with the lower end of the board of the ship reception chamber; the lower ends of two adjacent ship reception chambers are connected through a balancing chain; the assembly pulleys are provided on tower pile structures; two top ends of the ship reception chamber are provided with compartment doors; aqueducts are installed at an upstream side and a downstream side of the ship reception chambers; and the internal and external ends of the aqueduct are respectively provided with an internal gate and an external gate. According to the invention, high efficiency navigation on a concentrated-fall water channel is realized effectively; the advantages of simple construction, saved investment, convenient operation, environment friendliness, no water consumption, capacity of adapting to water-level amplitude in the upper reaches and the lower reaches, etc., are obtained; the wire group type fully balanced vertical ship lift is fairly worth research and popularization in the field of marine traffic engineering.


To determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the saliva of patients treated with antihypertensive medications. 60 subjects, aged 30-70 were included whereby an experimental group involved 30 patients at antihypertensive drugs. In control group (30) subjects didn't receive any medications. Unstimulated saliva was collected of all participants according Navazesh recommendations. A biochemical analyzer INTEGRA 400- Roche was used to determine total salivary proteins, urea, albumin, calcium, sodium and potassium levels in saliva. Computer programs Statistica 7.1 and SPSS 17 were used. The amount of unstimulated saliva was significantly decreased in experimental group. Increased saliva amounts of K + , Na + and urea were noted in this group. The total proteins were insignificantly increased, while the amounts of Ca 2+


Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) and its correlation with nerve fiber layer thickness (NFLT) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients and methods Eighty eyes were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: group I (38 eyes) of normal individuals and group II (42 eyes) with POAG. All eyes underwent complete ophthalmic examination with visual field testing using Humphery visual field analyzer. NFLT was measured in all eyes using Heidelberg Spectralis-optical coherence tomography with a circle of 3.4-mm diameter around the optic disc. PPCT was measured using enhanced deep imaging (EDI) technique of Heidelberg Spectralis-optical coherence tomography. Results The mean age was 51.74±4.27 years in group I and 53.7±3.7 years in group II. Global NFLT in group I was 103.6±6.3 μm and in group II it was 76.9±8.5 μm with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). The global PPCT was 175.1±8.4 and 129.5±10.1 μm in group I and II, respectively, with a significant difference (P<0.001). The correlation between PPCT and NFLT in group I was 0.84 (P<0.001) and in group II it was 0.9 (P<0.001). Conclusion The PPCT was decreased in eyes with POAG, and there was a significant correlation between it and NFLT in these eyes.


In this paper, we describe a design and development of car HUD(Head-Up-Display) navigation system using a Raspberry Pi. Car drivers can't concentrate on driving due to the use of various electronic devices, especially the car navigation systems installed in the cars. Therefore, car accident caused by not concentrating on the driving views is one of the most common accident types. In order to prevent the problems, HUD technology is used to help the driver to secure front views, thereby to minimize the traffic accidents caused by neglecting forward views. In this research, we propose the design and development techniques of a HUD navigation system using Raspberry Pi, and we believe that the commerical use of HUD navigation will grately reduce the risk of many car accidents.


Background and aim: Miri is the second-largest city in Sarawak, and Miri hospital is the main referral hospital in Northern Sarawak that serves other hospitals such as Bintulu, Marudi, Limbang and Lawas hospitals. The rehabilitation medicine service in Miri hospital started on 14th February 2019. This study aims to explore the demographic characteristics among the referrals for the spinal cord injury populations. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study among inpatient referrals to the rehabilitation department taken from the patient's registry record from 15th February 2019 to 13th April 2021. The descriptive statistical analysis described the demographic characteristics of the spinal cord injury patients. Results: A total of 70 patients were analysed in the study. Non-traumatic spinal cord injury comprises 2/3 of the total cases, with 65% being of infective origin. Most (77.1%) of the patients were referred to rehabilitation within the first 2 weeks of admission, with the average days from admission to the referral of 10 ± 10 days. The duration for co-management of the rehabilitation team with the primary team during inpatient stay was short, with an average of 6 ± 8 days. Rehabilitation management for most of the patients (67.1%) had to be carried out within a week of admission, whereas another 24.3% of the patients were given additional stay up to 2 weeks. From the functional aspect, the mean SCIM scored 29 ± 14, and the mean MBI scored 30 ± 20, indicating a high dependency level among the patients. Conclusion: Due to bed limitations in the hospital setting, the spinal cord injury patients at the high level of dependency were given early supported discharge plans. Identifying the demographic characteristics of the spinal cord population in Miri enables the ongoing development of spinal cord rehabilitation service that meets the need of the local population.


It has been demonstrated, using synchrotron radiation, that at rapid thermal annealing rates (3 C/s) the 2formation of CoSi{sub 2} shifts to higher temperatures when a thin Ti interlayer is placed between Co and polycrystalline Si. It has also been shown that the Ti interlayer reduces the temperature range between the start of CoSi formation and CoSi{sub 2} formation (i.e. the range over which CoSi is present). 13 nm of Co deposited by physical vapor deposition on polycrystalline Si with and without either a 2 nm or 3.4 nm interlayer of Ti was analyzed in-situ by monitoring x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak intensity as a function of temperature using monochromatic radiation from a synchrotron beam line and by monitoring resistivity as a function of temperature i a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system. The XRD analysis indicates that the phase formation proceeds from CoSi to CoSi{sub 2} in a temperature range that decreases from about 200 C to 140 C to 115 C with pure Co, Co/2 nm Ti and Co/3.4 nm Ti films respectively. The onset of the CoSi formation increases by about 135 C and 160 C for Co/2 nm Ti and Co/3.4 nm Ti compared to pure Co. The more » CoSi temperature range decreases from about 75 C in pure Co to less than 50 C in Co/Ti. In-situ RTA resistance along with in-situ XRD analysis indicates that the onset formation temperatures for CoSi are about 440 C, 575 C and 600 C and the temperatures for the completion of CoSi{sub 2} formation are about 640 C, 715 C and 715 C for Co, Co/2 nm Ti and Co/3.4 nm Ti films respectively. The results are consistent with he Ti interlayer acting as a diffusion barrier during the initial stages of the Co-Si reaction. « less


Radio access network (RAN) sharing has attracted significant attention from telecom operators as a means of accommodating data surges. However, current mechanisms for RAN sharing ignore the fairness issue among operators, and hence the RAN may be under- or over-utilized. Furthermore, the fairness among different operators cannot be guaranteed, since the RAN resources are distributed on a first come, first served basis. Accordingly, the present study proposes a "soft-partition with blocking and dropping" (SBD) mechanism that offers inter-operator fairness using a "soft-partition" approach. In particular, the operator subscribers are permitted to overuse the resources specified in the predefined service-level-agreement when the shared RAN is under-utilized, but are blocked (or even dropped) when the RAN is over-utilized. The simulation results show that SBD achieves an inter-operator fairness of 0.997, which is higher than that of both a hard-partition approach (0.98) and a no-partition approach (0.6) while maintaining a shared RAN utilization rate of 98%. Furthermore, SBD reduces the blocking rate from 35% (hard partition approach) to almost 0%, whereas controlling the dropping rate at 5%. Notably, the dropping rate can be reduced to almost 0% using a newly proposed bandwidth scale down procedure.


In this study, after drying rhubarb's stalks in single layers with thickness of 3 mm in the ranges of 50-70 o C inlet air temperature and 1±0.2 ms -1 air velocity in a laboratory scale cabinet dryer, the quality characteristics including: vitamin C, acidity, pH, color intensity, moisture content, loose and tapped bulk density, solubility, shrinkage and, rehydration capacity were measured. Results showed the initial moisture content of rhubarb was 579.99% (dry basis) and increased drying temperature led to a reduction in values of vitamin C content and pH and increment of acidity, color intensity, solubility, and loose and tapped bulk density. Maximum of rehydration was seen in the sample dried at 70°C .Increasing temperature had no significant effect on shrinkage. The results of the study showed that the drying process at 70°C was the optimal condition with the least time and most rate of drying.


In this article, an ohmic-first AlGaN/GaN self-terminating gate-recess etching technique was demonstrated where ohmic contact formation is ahead of gate-recess-etching/gate-dielectric-deposition (GRE/GDD) process. The ohmic contact exhibits few degradations after the self-terminating gate-recess process. Besides, when comparing with that using the conventional fabrication process, the fabricated device using the ohmic-first fabrication process shows a better gate dielectric quality in terms of more than 3 orders lower forward gate leakage current, more than twice higher reverse breakdown voltage as well as better stability. Based on this proposed technique, the normally-off Al2O3/GaN MOSFET exhibits a threshold voltage (Vth) of ∼1.8 V, a maximum drain current of ∼328 mA/mm, a forward gate leakage current of ∼10−6 A/mm and an off-state breakdown voltage of 218 V at room temperature. Meanwhile, high temperature characteristics of the device was also evaluated and small variations (∼7.6%) of the threshold voltage was confirmed up to 300 °C.


This work investigates the effect of different dielectric barriers on coronadischarge in the needle-plane geometry, where a layer of dielectric material was placedover the surface of the plane elec ...


Triplet RIPs weregenerated by photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer (ET) from 3P to Vi2+. The intramolecular triplet quenching being controlled by a restricted diffusion was used to probe chain motions. The changes of the ISC were assessed from the viscosity perturbations of the MFD recombination rate constant spectra.


Abstract The interaction between immunities and jurisdiction is complex. One lacuna is whether the international legal principle of state immunity is a rule or principle in its own right or an exception to a pre-existing jurisdiction. In the context of international arbitration disputes, this distinction is significant. States have been relying on immunity to exclude the jurisdiction of national courts to support the international arbitral process. This Article argues there is now a growing set of common and consistent practice according to which state immunity operates as a rule or principle lex specialis to a more general set of rules or principles governing the enforcement jurisdiction of national courts.


Lipoma, a benign tumor of adipose tissue, is a common neoplasm of the dog. and its gross. microscopic and behavioral characteristics are well documented in the literature. They are benign and generally grow slowly by expansion rather than by invasion. They do not recur after complete surgical removal [ I . 51. It is reported that lipomas rarely may invade or infiltrate the muscle, rendering complete surgical excision difficult IS]. An entity known as infiltrating lipoma is described in man [2-41. I t may be intermuscular or intramuscular and is locally aggressive and locally recurrent and may have to be differentiated from liposarcoma. A recent review of these tumors in man presented 27 soft tissue tumors composed of benign adipose tissue but featuring extensive local invasion and recurrence [2]. All were in skeletal muscle where they showed extensive infiltration and actual replacement of muscle fibers by fat cells. Most of these tumors involved the limbs. and, in one instance, a clinical diagnosis of well-differentiated sarcoma was made. Two unusual infiltrating lipomas in the dog are from the M. D. Anderson Hospital animal tumor referral clinic. Dog I was a 7-year-old female German Shepherd that had in the right


In view of legal pragmatism,logical basis of Judicial Argument is non-monotonic logic.Therefore,the monotonic logic is a necessary foundation for the judicial argument,though not enough,non-monotonic logic is monotonic logic of the supplement,rather than the monotonic logic of negation,monotonic reasoning and non-monotonic reasoning have the joint work in the actual judicial reasoning."Non-monotony of applied logic" can be used tools of reasoning effectiveness as evaluating the real dimension and procedural dimension.The field of research is becoming a new growth point of legal logic.


This paper reviews recent research conducted at the University of Toronto on the development of imaging and radio transceivers in CMOS, aimed at operation in the 100-GHz to 200-GHz range. Two receivers fabricated in 65-nm GPLP CMOS technology are described. The first is a 90–100 GHz IQ receiver with 7-dB noise figure, 10.5-dB downconversion gain and fundamental frequency VCO. The second receiver has a double-sideband architecture and operates in the 135–145 GHz range and features an 8-dB gain LNA, a double-balanced Gilbert cell mixer and a dipole antenna.


The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Sentry is a part of the U.S. National Deep Submergence Facility (NDSF) and is deployed on scientific missions 120 – 200 days per year. Here we present a detailed analysis of failures, failure tracking methods, and failure reduction techniques as used within the Sentry program between 2009 and 2016. We have tabulated data from more than 400 dives conducted on dozens of expeditions with a wide variety of mission objectives that are used to describe a detailed picture of failures, failure rates, and initiatives to address failures. We begin by discussing the nature of Sentry and the missions it is tasked with. We then define metrics for failures and reliability. AUVs are complex systems often comprising both the vehicle and tens of sensors and ancillary systems. Because the vehicle is expected to deliver data for scientific users, we adopt a mission focused view of failure. After defining metrics, we discuss overall reliability rates and the breakdown of when failures occur relative to cruises, overhauls, and major vehicle changes. We present failure pareto charts and discuss the changes in major failure modes as the system has matured.


Objective:To analyse the causes of death in patients with blood purification and compare the differencet causes of death between patients treated with hemodialysis(HD)and peritoneal dialysis(PD).Methodology:The clinical data of incident patients stating dialysis between Jan.2005 and Dec.2008 was retrospectively analysed.All patients were followed up till Mar.2009.Results:A total of 460 dialysis patients was enrolled in this syudy.Among them,247 patients accepted HD treatment initially and others accepted PD.The proportion of males and serum creatinin of HD patients were significantly higher than PD patients and the proportion of hypertensive nephropathy was significantly lower than PD patients.There was no significant difference of other baseline data such as age,body mass index,estimated glomerular filtration rate,the history of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular accident,and Charlson comorbidity index between patients on HD and PD at the beginning of dialysis.40 HD patients and 47 PD patients died during the study period.The overall mortality was significantly higher in PD patients than that in HD patients(0.171 and 0.102/patient years,P0.01).The 1-year survival rate of patients with HD and PD patients was similar(0.133 and 0.196/patient years,P0.05),the 2 and 3-year survival rate of patients with HD was significantly lower than that with PD respectively(0.101 and 0.170,P0.05;0.101 and 0.165/patient years,P0.05).The main causes of death in dialysis patients were cardiovascular disease(31.0%),cerebrovascular disease(21.8%)and infection(16.1%).The patients with PD had a higher mortality due to cardiovascular disease(0.064 and 0.022/patient years,P0.01).There was no significant difference in mortality between HD and PD patients due to cerebrovascular disease,infection,multiple organ failure,and malignant tumor,while HD patients had a lower overall mortality(0.179 and 0.378/patient years,P0.05)and mortality due to cardiovascular disease(0.004 and 0.164/patient years,P0.05)in the patients 65 years of age or older.In the first 1 year of dialysis,PD patients had a higher mortality due to multiple organ failure(0.082 and 0.000/patient years,P0.05)and no significant difference due to other causes compared with HDpatients.In the period over 1 year,the overall mortality was similar between patients with HD and PD,while patients with PD had a higher mortality due to cardiovascular disease(0.026 and 0.006/patient years,P0.05)and infection(0.013 and 0.000/patient years,P0.05).Conclusion:Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease,and infection are the main causes of death in dialysis patients.Patients with PD may have a higher mortality than that with HD,especially due to cardiovascular disease and infection.Prevention and treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular and infection complications of dialysis patients should be emphasized to improve the quality and long term prognosis of dialysis.


The objective is to reflect the requirements used by the program Minha Casa, Minha Vida to select beneficiaries with housing units have correspondence with socioeconomic vulnerability experienced by people in the streets. We chose methodologically the bibliographical and documentary research, which was fundamental to deepen reflections on the object and the proposed objective. It was concluded that such requirements do not correlate with the degree of misery to that experienced by population segment, which is excluded from this housing public policy, and has subtracted by the Government itself the possibility of exercising the fundamental right to housing.


Early insight on the critical dynamics of phase transitions arose in a cosmological setting in an effort to understand the origin of structure formation in the early Universe. Kibble pointed out that in a spontaneous symmetry breaking scenario, when a system is driven across a phase transition from a high-symmetry phase to a topologically nontrivial vacuum manifold, causally disconnected regions of the system choose independently the broken symmetry (1, 2). These conflicting choices result in the formation of topological defects, such as domain walls in a ferromagnet and vortices in a superfluid, to name a couple of familiar examples. Soon after, Zurek indicated that signatures of universality in the dynamics of a phase transition could be tested in condensed matter systems, e.g., superfluid helium (3, 4). Further, he improved the estimate for the average size of the domains and predicted a universal power law for the density of topological defects as a function of the rate at which the phase transition is crossed. The combination of these ideas is known as the Kibble−Zurek mechanism (KZM) and has been a lively subject of both theoretical and experimental research during the last decades. The abundant attempts to verify the KZM in the laboratory have, however, faced a variety of shortcomings, and, while different aspects of the mechanism have been confirmed, a definite test is still missing (5). A remarkable step forward is reported by Deutschländer et al., who used colloidal monolayers as a test bed for universal critical dyamics with unprecedented accuracy (6). In a nutshell, the paradigmatic KZM provides a framework to describe the dynamics across a continuous phase transition. At equilibrium, the correlation length diverges as a universal power law in the thermodynamic limit when the critical point λc is approached by tuning a control parameter λ, i.e., ξ= ξ0=jej\ with e= ðλc − λÞ=λc. The equilibrium relaxation time exhibits a similar power-law behavior, τ= τ0=jej ∝ ξ, that is responsible for the critical slowing down and the nonadiabatic character of the phase transition dynamics. Above, ν and z are critical exponents associated with the universality class of the transition. An arbitrary time-dependent modulation of λ= λðtÞ leading to a spontaneous symmetry breaking scenario can be linearized around the critical point λc so that λðtÞ ' λcð1− t=τQÞ and eðtÞ ' t=τQ, where τQ is the quench time in which the transition is crossed. As illustrated in Fig. 1A, the KZM exploits the adiabatic impulse approximation to "chop" the evolution through the phase transition in three sequential stages, where the dynamics is quasi-adiabatic, frozen, and quasi-adiabatic again, as the control parameter takes values λ λc, λ≈ λc, and λ λc, respectively. The crossover between these stages occurs at the freeze-out time t̂, when the equilibrium relaxation time matches the time lagged after crossing the critical point. This characteristic time plays a key role in the KZM and already inherits an imprint of universality, scaling with the quench time as t̂ = ðτ0τQÞ. The beautiful insight behind the KZM is the estimate of the average size of the domains by the value of the equilibrium correlation length at the freeze-out time, i.e., ξ̂= ξ1⁄2eð̂tÞ . As a result, the distance between topological defects increases with the quench time following a universal power law of the form ξ̂= ξ0ðτQ=τ0Þ ν ð1+νzÞ, which is the main prediction of the KZM. Despite the symmetry ξ1⁄2eð−t̂Þ = ξ1⁄2eð̂tÞ within this simplified description, numerical simulations indicate that +t̂ plays the dominant role in determining ξ̂ (7). In addition, coarsening of domains can already occur in the effectively frozen-out stage for very slow ramps (8). The quest for a conclusive test verifying the KZM scaling faces the following major challenges. Given that the mechanism uses equilibrium properties of the system to account for the nonequilibrium dynamics, measurements of the equilibrium correlation length and relaxation time and the associated critical exponents (z and ν) are required beforehand. Important deviations from the power-law behavior are expected in finitesize systems. Both the time modulation of the control parameter and the system itself should be spatially homogeneous. In addition, the range of available quench rates in the laboratory should be wide enough B A


Until the mid-1960s, Brazil played a leading role in inter-American affairs and the same holds true for its engagement with the non-aligned movement. This chapter attempts to shed light on the Brazilian role at the two non-aligned conferences in Belgrade 1961 and Cairo 1964. While only three years apart, the two conferences highlight two very distinctive experiences for Brazil and Latin America as a whole. In 1961, Brazilian politics teemed with reformist aspirations and expectations and this translated into a new attitude towards the emerging third world. Under the Quadros and later the Goulart government, Brazil followed an "independent foreign policy" and strengthened ties with both the socialist and decolonized countries, and participating in the non-aligned movement formed part of this new nexus of relationships. By 1964, however, this trend had been reversed, as a military coup in Brazil ushered in a new era in domestic and foreign policies.


A laboratory experiment was conducted to understand the effect of posture on the entire body during checkout work. This research provides a biomechanical and physiological evaluation of the cashier while working at a recommended checkstand in two different postures, sitting and standing, in order to provide recommendations for minimizing MSD risk potential for cashiers. Results showed higher muscle activity for the left and right deltoid, left and right levator scapulae, and left trapezius. A general trend followed such that sitting produced higher levels of muscle activity than standing for neck, shoulder, and back muscles. Static levels of muscle activity (p=0.1) were above recommended values of 2–5% MVC. Posture results showed that shoulder abduction was reduced when standing, although neck flexion increased. Recommendations for cashier workstations include centering the scanner relative to the cashier's mid-sagittal plane, while providing postural relief and the opportunity for the cashier to stand.


Ronald M. Bernier's The Nepalese Pagoda is a "survey of Himalayan temple design" (p. xx). The first two chapters are introductory. Chapter 3 describes the exterior form of Nepalese buildings, sacred and domestic, using the structural categories of "Brick, Stone and Wood"; this account continues in Chapter 4 under the heading, "A Veil of Ornament," which covers all the decorative and dedicative elements that occur within the three zones of base, wall, and roof. In Chapter 5, he enters the temples to describe "The Sacred Womb" and concludes this section in Chapter 6 with "The Mandala as Origin" based on "The Guhyasamaja Tantra, a Tibetan text of considerable antiquity" (p. 122). Chapter 7, "Varieties of Form in Nepalese Temple Architecture," deals with the varieties of sites for Nepalese temples. On the question of form, the author states: "It would vary according to terrain and specific character of the natural site and according to its own situation in reference to other buildings" (p. 129). Starting from this assumption, he considers buildings such as a vihdra or a shrine for a Hindu god with no regard to its religious purpose. He goes on: "A shrine must always fit its location. In this light is best examined the variation of sacred architectural form in Nepal" (p. 129). Viewed from this rather modern standpoint of landscaped sacred architecture, the author's resignation when he comes to deal with "Varieties of Form" is understandable. Yet, this tendency for site to determine form would also apply to chapters 3 and 4 where the author mechanically proceeds from pavement (pp. 35-36) to pinnacle (pp. 91-94) of a generalized building to describe each element within its setting. In other words, this is a descriptive book with no analysis and little in the way of historical dimension.


Small GTP-binding proteins of the YPT/ SEC4/Rab family have been shown to play an essential role in intracellular membrane trafficking. In mammals, Rab8 and RablO are the two small GTP-binding proteins identified so far that are closest to SEC4, an essential gene product involved in post-Golgi constitutive secretion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To study the loIzation of Rab proteins, we have expressed the cDNAs with an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag at the N terminus. The feasibility of this method was tested by using yeast SEC4. HA-tagged SEC4 functionally complemented a temperature-sensitive sec4 mutant similarly to wild-ype SEC4, indicating that the modified protein retained functional integrity. Monoclonal antibody 12CA5, raised against the HA tag, was used to determine the expression and localization of HA-tagged proteins after transfection. In stably transfected CHO and Swiss 3T3 cells, HA-tagged Rab8 was localized to the cell periphery, with the highest concentration in the rufling areas. In contrast, epitope-tagged RablO expressed in CHO and BHK cells was concentrated on membranes in the perinuclear region. By light microscopy, the staining partially overlapped with that of a Golgi marker, 3-COP. Thus, despite the high degree homology of Rab8 and RablO (66% identity), the two proteins are localized to distinct cellular compartments. This approach should provide a general tool for the analyses ofother members of the the position of Rab proteins. The high molecular weight bands in the immunoblots are nonspecific, since they were also present in fractions from untransfected cells.


Four whole-plant silages produced in 1981 and 1982 were evaluated using 176 calves in two growing trials. Based on comparative rates and efficiencies of gain, feeding values were 115, 100, 78.5, and 62 for the cornlage, grain sorghum, forage sorghum, and non-heading sorghum silages, respectively. The poorer values for the forage and non-heading silages were due, in part, to low feed intakes. Rolling the grain and forage sorghum silages to break 85% to 95% of the kernels did not improve their value, and the good performance by calves suggests that the whole grain was well utilized.. A feed flavor supplement, Omniflavor, did not improve performance in trial 1 but did increase rates and efficiencies of gain in trial 2.


Double gate fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (DGSOI) is recognized as a possible solution when the physical gate length L G reduces to 25 nm for the 65 nm node on the ITRS CMOS roadmap. In this paper, scaling guidelines are introduced to optimally design a nanoscale DGSOI. For this reason, the sensitivity of gain, f T and f max to each of the key geometric and technological parameters of the DGSOI are assessed and quantified using MixedMode simulation. The impact of the parasitic resistance and capacitance on analog device performance is systematically analysed. By comparing analog performance with a single gate (SG), it has been found that intrinsic gain in DGSOI is 4 times higher but its f T was found to be comparable to that of SGSOI at different regions of transistor operation. However, the extracted f max in SG SOI was higher (∼40%) compared to DGSOI due to its lower capacitance.


: The relation between the way in which children understand feminist stories and their understanding of everyday life are examined in a feminist poststrucluralist framework. Sex-role socialisation theory is rejected as inadequate for the purposes of explaining either the sense children make of the stories they hear or how and why children take up their genderedness in the way that they do. Through preschool children's responses to feminist stories and through observations of preschool children's play, an alternative explanatory framework is elaborated. At the same time the relation between lived and imaginary narratives is explored.


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Network functions virtualization (NFV) initiates a revolution of network service (NS) delivery by forming each NS as a chain of virtual network functions across commodity servers. However, it still remains a key challenge in NFV to decide the chains that induce short latency and low congestion, a.k.a. service chain composition problem. Existing works mainly resort to centralized solutions that require full knowledge of the network state to coordinate different users' traffic and NSs, overlooking privacy issues and the non-cooperative interactions among users. Moreover, handling the possible failures due to user/resource unavailability makes the problem even more challenging. By modeling the service chain composition problem with respect to both user and resource failures as a noncooperative game, we formulate the problem as searching the Nash Equilibrium (NE) with the optimal system performances. By exploiting the unique problem structure, we show that the game is a weighted potential game. We propose DISCCA, a distributed and low-complexity algorithm that guides the system towards the NE with short latency and low congestion, through decision making by individual users with local information. Results from extensive simulations show that DISCCA effectively achieves near-optimal system performances within mild-value of iterations, even in the presence of failures.


Venous thromboembolic events have been reported in patients with haemophilia [1]. Paradoxically, the presence of a bleeding disorder is not protective against a thrombotic event. By contrast, inherited prothrombotic risk factors leading to a less severe [2] or a later onset of bleeding symptomatology [3] has been reported. The most common cause of thrombosis in haemophilia patients is an indwelling catheter. Other causes include: administration of bypassing agents like factor eight inhibitor bypass activity (FEIBA) and activated recombinant factor VII (rVIIa), surgery, infections such as HIV and congenital prothrombotic risk factors like FV Leiden mutation and Protein C deficiency [1]. There is no current consensus on the type of anticoagulation, the appropriate duration or monitoring during anticoagulation. We describe a 14-year-old male with severe haemophilia A, who presented with an internal jugular venous thrombosis. He received prophylactic FVIII replacement via a right-sided central venous access device (CVAD) from around 21⁄2 to 7 years of age. This was replaced by a left-sided CVAD until his transition to as needed FVIII replacement at 12 years of age. He never received FEIBA or rVIIa. His FVIII inhibitor screen was negative. He presented with a 1-day history of right-sided neck pain unresponsive to a self-administered single dose of FVIII ( 35 U kg). History was negative for trauma and other systemic symptoms. Ultrasound of the neck revealed a 1.3 · 2.5 cm lymph node in the right anterior cervical chain. He was discharged on amoxicillin–clavulanate for a possible lymphadenitis. He returned the next day with persistent pain and significant right-sided swelling of the neck. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck performed to exclude a paraspinal haematoma showed mildly enlarged retropharyngeal and cervical lymph nodes. Patient developed worsening neck pain and new onset of headaches, chills and vomiting. A complete blood count (white blood count: 5 · 10 L; range: 3.6– 9.1 · 10 L), blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies were conducted and he was empirically started on piperacillin–tazobactam. The following day, a Doppler ultrasound of the neck revealed a moderately sized, acute, non-occlusive thrombus in the right internal jugular vein. Given the internal jugular vein thrombus and cervical lymphadenopathy, the possibility of Lemierre s syndrome (infection of the head and neck causing septic thrombophlebitis) was raised and metronidazole was added. A chest X-ray performed to exclude possible pulmonary involvement because of septic emboli was negative. He was started on daily FVIII replacement (goal of achieving 50% FVIII level). Anticoagulation was initiated with low molecular weight heparin (Dalteparin) and FXa levels (therapeutic goal of 0.5–1 IU mL) were monitored. He clinically improved with complete resolution of symptoms within 24 h. An inherited thrombophilia panel that included testing for FV Leiden, MTHFR C677T and prothrombin 20210 mutations was performed and was negative. He was treated with FVIII replacement and Dalteparin for 4 weeks. He did not have any bleeding episodes. Subsequent ultrasound imaging revealed no change in the size of his initial non-occlusive thrombus. He is currently 8 months from his initial presentation without further progression or recurrence. Our patient had no identified risk factors. His right-sided CVAD was removed 7 years prior and was an unlikely contributing factor. Although blood and CSF cultures were negative, an infectious cause could not be completely excluded given his associated systemic symptoms and rapid clinical response to antibiotics and as the cultures were drawn Correspondence: Vilmarie Rodriguez, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905 MN, USA. Tel.: +1 507 284 3442; fax:+1 507 284 2695; e-mail: email@example.com


Abstract The present study focused on social comparison processes among volunteer caregivers of terminally ill patients in relation to burnout. First, caregivers' (N = 80) affective reactions to a bogus interview with fellow volunteer workers who were either coping better or worse were considered. Upward comparison evoked more positive and less negative feelings than downward comparison. Second, we examined the possibility of producing positive comparison outcomes by instructing half of the volunteer caregivers to focus on the positive interpretation of social comparison information, that is to contrast their situation against the situation of the downward comparison targets or to identify themselves with the upward targets. This intervention was effective in reducing negative affect in the downward but not in the upward condition. Two burnout dimensions moderated the effects. Individuals high in emotional exhaustion (indicating high-burnout) benefited more from the self-enhancement instruction than individuals low in this dimension. For personal accomplishment the effects were in the opposite direction: solely individuals high in personal accomplishment (indicating low-burnout) benefited from the instruction. The latter effect was only found if the instruction followed downward comparison information.


To the Editor.— Castellano et al, in the OctoberArchives(114:1530-1532, 1978), stated that "papular acrodermatitis associated with HBV [hepatitis B virus] infection has only been described in children." The authors failed to mention a report on papular acrodermatitis (PAC) occurring in three adults 1 and mimicking the eruption first described by Gianotti in children. The three patients had circulating hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The eruption was followed by a benign icteric hepatitis that lasted from 30 to 45 days. In two cases, HBsAg disappeared in one month, and in one case, the antigen had been present for more than three months. Direct immunofluorescence staining exhibited C3 deposits in the vessel walls of the dermis without any deposition of immunoglobulins or fibrinogen. The HBsAg and hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) could not be identified in the skin lesions by fluoresceinconjugated specific antiserum. Serum protein concentration of complement components Clq, C4, C3,


In a series of three lectures I will give an overview of the notion of generic initial ideal and discuss some applications to the problem of bounding invariants derived from graded free resolutions. In the first lecture I will present some basic properties of generic initial ideals; for instance, they are fixed under the action of the Borel subgroup of the general linear group, as shown by Galligo. Because of this fact, they have particularly nice combinatorial properties which, unfortunately, depend on the characteristic of the base field. I will prove a theorem of Bayer and Stillman, which states that taking the generic initial ideal, with respect to the reverse lexicographic order, preserves important homological invariants such as the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and the projective dimension. Furthermore, I will discuss a result of Bayer, Charalambous, and Popescu, which shows that also extremal Betti numbers are preserved when taking the generic initial ideal with respect to the reverse lexicographic order. In the second lecture I will show how to use generic initial ideals to derive, in any characteristic, a double exponential bound for the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of homogeneous ideals in terms of their generating degrees; I will recover in this way results of Giusti-Galligo, Bayer-Mumford, and Sbarra and myself. In the third lecture I will consider the problem of finding upper bounds for Betti numbers. I will use the techniques developed in the first two lectures to give a self-contained proof, in characteristic zero, of a theorem of Mermin and Murai. Their result, which is a special case of the Lex-Plus-Power conjecture, provides a sharp upper bound for the Betti numbers of ideals containing the pure powers of the variables in terms of their Hilbert functions.


【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of promalin on growth and 15N absorption and utilization of young apple trees, and to provide theoretical basis for promoting the formation and early flowering of the branch. 【Method】The apple(Malus domestica Borth.) cultivar 'Fuji' was used as materials, using conventional and15N tracer method, and the influence of promalin on morphogenesis,15N absorption and utilization of apple trees were investigated. 【Result】The results showed that the increase of plant height with promalin spraying was significantly inhibited, while the trunk diameter was significantly increased. Leaf number and total leaf area significantly increased by 97.80% and 50.18% by spraying promalin, respectively. Promalin spraying treatment promoted root growth of the young apple trees, and root dry weight increased by 16.7%. Promalin spraying treatment significantly raised the content of total nitrogen and15N uptake, and nitrogen utilization efficiency was increased by 25.07% to 34.74%. 【Conclusion】According to experiment results, spraying promalin significantly increased the whole biomass, promoted nitrogen absorption of young apple trees, and accelerated the tree formation and structure development.


Protocols for direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis from aerial stem explants of ginger have been developed. Aerial stem explants of two ginger varieties were cultured on different concentrations of 2,4-D induced callus. An in vitro aerial stem produced hard, nodular and yellowish callus (Type I) and an in planta aerial stem gave rise to soft, sticky callus with pale white color (Type II). The proliferated Type II calli were subject to stress for 40–60 days without subculturing. The desiccated calli produced white friable calli which turned embryogenic and then produced somatic embryos in a medium containing 2 mg L –1 benzyl amino purine. The mature, club-shaped somatic embryos were germinated on a medium containing benzyl amino purine and a – naphthalene acetic acid in different concentrations. Type I callus of neither variety turned embryogenic but produced roots in all the cultures. Direct somatic embryogenesis was observed from the in planta aerial stem and leaf base explants with the use of thidiazuron alone or in combination with indole, 3-butyric acid. Histological studies revealed that the somatic embryos in ginger have a distinct single layered epidermis, scutellum, coleoptile, shoot apex and root apex.


The thesis is inspired by Wolfs critique of the concept of household strategy. She claims that in its simple form, this strategy cannot capture the complex interrelationships between household members by examining individual behaviour, whether or not a woman works, in the context of household. The correlates of women's work activity and of women's employment status are examined, motives for work and their relationships with individual and household conditions are explored leading to a conclusion that women's work activity and their motives for work cannot be separated from individual and household conditions and the state of the labour market; the extent to which motives for work contribute to household survival is dependent on relationships between household members. Whether or not a woman works and whether or not a woman is in a particular employment status is more likely to be influenced by the availability of job opportunities than individual and household factors. Women who have qualifications for work and want to work are not always able to work because of the unavailability of desired jobs rather than because of their marriage and childrearing roles. The importance of the availability of job opportunities can be indicated by the fact that it is more likely for married than single women to be government employees. Government employment remains an ideal job in urban Kalimantan but the ability of the government to create jobs is limited and the private sector has not been able to compensate for the reduced role of the government. This leads to problems especially among the younger generation which is more educated and more numerous than the older generation. Individual motives for work are common among women in urban Kalimantan regardless of marital status. These motives for work are influenced by individual and household conditions. For instance, women having high education and a high skilled job tend to have various individual motives for work such as extending their perspective. Through education, the parents indirectly foster individual motives for work among their daughters. The strong belief that men are the primary-breadwinners associated with the capacity of men to be primary-breadwinners encourages women to work mainly for individual motives. This reflects the fact that individual motives for work are not independent from the household and are part of the household survival strategy.


We consider a cache shared by several concurrently running application processes and propose a provably efficient application-controlled global strategy for the shared cache. Using future information implicitly in the form of good decisions by application processes, we are able to break through the Hk lower bound on competitive ratio proved for classical paging for a k-sized cache in [FKL+91]. For a size-k cache shared by P application processes that always make good cache replacement decisions, we develop an online application-controlled paging algorithm with a competitive ratio of 2Hp-14- 2. Typically, P is much smaller than k, perhaps by several orders of magnitude. Our competitive ratio improves upon the 2P + 2 competitive ratio achieved by [CFLSda]. We show for this problem that no online algorithm A can have a competitive ratio better than Hp-1 even if the application processes aiding A have perfect knowledge of individual request sequences. Our results are with respect to a worst-case interleaving of the individual request sequences of the P applications.


It is both subjective and objective factors of factor causing a traffic accident.According to statistics,human factor is the most important one in all the factors which could cause a traffic accident,and 80% of accidents were caused by the driver traffic.It analyzed both the inside games between the traffic management department and drivers and the outside games between one driver and another based on the game theory.Finaly,some countermeasures have been given to prevent vehicle traffic violations in this paper.


The precision of digital mapping depends on not only the accuracy of measurement instruments and methods but also the operation and methods of indoor mapping.The experience in indoor mapping and right way of drawing will guarantee the accuracy of measurement in outside.


The childhood, especially preschool and younger school age are defining in formation of behavioral strategies of a person that actualize the problem of the existence of child's worries and fears that appear when a child visit a dentist. There are the results of questioning of teachers, dentists, parents and children. They were asked questions about the formation of motivation of children to visit a dentist; origin of fear and possible variants of its correction at the appointment of dentist.


The article argues for the existence of linguistic and generic resources that may be globally shared, irrespective of cultural differences. Three main points are forwarded. First, animistic metaphors and personifications evoke an archaic vision that survives in all languages and conceptual systems, and which is particularly strong in English, a "lingua franca" within many professional disciplines as well as that of fan fiction. Second, the anthropology of the imagination developed by the French scholar Gilbert Durand suggests linguistic areas not covered by Structuralism's functional definition of verbal meaning: Durand distinguishes between words and images, argues that certain images are pre-conceptual and pre-linguistic, and concludes that such signs have inherent, not merely differential, meaning. Finally, the genre of romance—in modern terms fantasy or magic realism—may convey globally shared meanings as it uses those basic, pre-scientific images as structural principles in organizing narratives.


Cesium-induced structural transformation from the Si(113)3×2 to the 3×1 surface has been investigated by using low energy electron diffraction and synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. We measured the change of work-function, core level (Si 2p,Cs 4d), and valence band spectra with increasing cesium deposition time. As previously reported, cesium induced the structural transformation from the Si(113)3×2 to the 3×1 surface at the initial stage of adsorption. Two shoulders (S1,S2) in Si 2p core level and one (SS1) of dangling bond surface states (SS1, SS2) in valence band spectrum from the 3×2 surface disappeared with the structural transformation to the 3×1. These results show that surface atoms in sp2- and s2p3-like configurations on the 3×2 surface are changed to sp3-like ones during the structural transformation. Therefore, the cesium-induced structural transformation seems to be related to the reduction of elastic energy by the donation of valence electrons from cesiums.


Modulation of interband-resonant light (∼800 nm) by intersubband-resonant light (5–7 μm) was investigated in n-doped AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells by a two-color femtosecond pump-probe technique. Modulation with a recovery time of ∼1 ps is observed in a plainer-type modulation device at room temperature. The modulation of interband absorption coefficient is ∼1000 cm−1 when the energy density of the intersubband light pulse is ∼4 fJ/μm2. The modulation efficiency indicates that 99% modulation can be achieved with a control pulse energy of ∼1 pJ when a conventional waveguide-type device structure is utilized. The mechanism which determines the modulation speed is discussed in terms of carrier relaxation process. It is shown that the modulation speed is mainly determined by the inter- and intrasubband relaxation times, where the latter is influenced by hot phonon effects.


Maurice Blackburn, hero of the 1916–17 anti-conscription campaigns and scourge of the Wren-machine, effective industrial legal counsel and assiduous parliamentary representative, was expelled from the Australian Labor Party for a second time in 1941. Heir to a middle class heritage, Blackburn had grown up in genteel poverty. The former gave him a powerful sense of personal agency, the latter an identification with the poor and underprivileged which led him first to socialism and then the Labor Party. Though widely respected and admired, he was also distrusted by some for his intellectualism, for his background and, ultimately, for his willingness to put principles above Party. In the culture of the labour movement, a complex intermingling of 'mateship' with 'solidarity' formed the foundation of its industrial and political power. It was a force for cohesion - individual working people knew they counted little when standing alone - but also for exclusion - as class traitor or 'lone wolf'. Yet for some, Blackburn's exclusion elevated him to the status of Labor saint. His long and complex relationship with the labour movement offers a rich opportunity to explore the language and experience of mateship, solidarity and class in the period 1912 to 1944 and its continuing resonance in contemporary politics.


Risk Assessment Framework for Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites Curtis M. Oldenburg* a , Preston Jordan a , Yingqi Zhang a , Jean-Philippe Nicot c , and Steven L. Bryant b Earth Sciences Division, 90-1116, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720 b Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0300, Austin, TX 78712 c Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station, Box X, Austin, Texas 78713 a Abstract: We have developed a simple and transparent approach for assessing CO 2 and brine leakage risk associated with CO 2 injection at geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites. The approach, called the Certification Framework (CF), is based on the concept of effective trapping, which takes into account both the probability of leakage from the storage formation and impacts of leakage. The effective trapping concept acknowledges that GCS can be safe and effective even if some CO 2 and brine were to escape from the storage formation provided the impact of such leakage is below agreed- upon limits. The CF uses deterministic process models to calculate expected well- and fault-related leakage fluxes and concentrations. These in turn quantify the impacts under a given leakage scenario to so-called "compartments," which comprise collections of vulnerable entities. The probabilistic part of the calculated risk comes from the likelihood of (1) the intersections of injected CO 2 and related pressure perturbations with well or fault leakage pathways, and (2) intersections of leakage pathways with compartments. Two innovative approaches for predicting leakage likelihood, namely (1) fault statistics, and (2) fuzzy rules for fault and fracture intersection probability, are highlighted here. Keywords: Geologic carbon sequestration, leakage risk assessment, fuzzy rules, fault statistics 1. INTRODUCTION Although geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is being considered to alleviate one of the most serious global environmental threats ever encountered by mankind, namely the build-up of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere due largely to fossil fuel combustion, GCS itself involves environment risk to the immediate areas surrounding GCS sites [1]. These hazards include leakage of CO 2 and/or brine into resources such as potable groundwater, hydrocarbon and mineral resources, or into the near- surface environment. Determining the likelihood and consequences of leakage of CO 2 and brine are complicated in GCS systems due to: inherent uncertainty of subsurface properties that control flow and transport of fluids; lack of experience and track record with GCS systems given the novelty of the technology; coupled nature of flow, transport, geochemical, and geomechanical processes; relatively benign nature of CO 2 and corresponding subtlety of leakage consequences; need for consideration of long time horizon for consequences. Furthermore, quantifying and communicating environmental risks of GCS to a wide variety of global and local stakeholders in a way that allows balancing the benefits of GCS against the costs and risks is a fundamental need for acceptance of GCS. *firstname.lastname@example.com


Motivated by a model of an area-wide integrated pest management, we develop an interacting particle system evolving in a random environment. It is a generalised contact process in which the birth rate takes two possible values, determined either by a dynamic or a static random environment. Our goal is to understand the phase diagram of both models by identifying the mechanisms that permit coexistence or extinction of the process.


The article describes the management structure of the organization of Jehovah's Witnesses, describes the hierarchical positions of the leaders, and indicates the list of functions performed by them within the framework of meetings – the main religious cells of the organization. In addition, the author analyzes the legal grounds and arguments underlying the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation that recognized the religious organization "Management center of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia" and all its constituent associations as extremist and banned their activities in Russia. Based on the statutory documents of the central organization, the "Management center", the status of religious groups that are not registered as local religious organizations, but are nevertheless part of the organization of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia, is indicated. For the first time, intra-confessional publications that were previously available only to baptized adepts and leaders of religious associations of Jehovah's Witnesses are being introduced into scientific circulation – "Organized to fulfill the will of Jehovah" and "Feed the flock of God" (I Peter 5:2)".


Simulation is widely used in supply chain management (SCM). In particular, it is employed to support strategic, tactical and operational SCM decisions, to validate new developed supply chain management methods, to demonstrate efficiency of taken decisions, and to support education and training. In this paper, use of simulation in supply chain management is illustrated by experiences gained within implementation of the ECLIPS ("Extended Collaborative Integrated Life Cycle Supply Chain Planning System") research project of European Commission that ran from 2006 until mid 2009. It addressed the state-of-the-art in supply chain management. Six partners from the industrial, academic and consultancy sectors have teamed up to work together on this project. These were a Belgian consulting company Mobius, a French services company Eurodecision, a Belgian IT service company LoQutus, a Latvian academic partner Riga Technical University, as well as two industrial partners: a German company Huntsman and a Czech company PLIVA-Lachema Diagnostika. The main research subjects of the project were related to the minimisation of inventories during the different phases of the lifecycle of a product (Figure 1).