Based on data obtained from flight tests of the augmentor wing jet STOL research aircraft, a method is proposed for determining the length of the landing runway for powered-lift STOL aircraft. The suggested method determines runway landing length by summing three segments: the touchdown-dispersion distance, the transition distance from touchdown to application of brakes, and the stopping distance after brakes are applied. It is shown how the landing field length can be reduced either through improved autoland system design or by providing the pilot with appropriate information to allow him to identify a "low probability" long or short landing and to execute a go-around. The proposed method appears to determine a safe runway landing length for the STOL application and offers the potential for reducing runway length if great emphasis is placed on a short-runway capability. FAR Parts 25 and 121 appear conservative and suitable for the situation where no great emphasis is placed on reducing the runway length requirement.


Brauer and Kuroda showed in the fifties how in a Galois extension of number fields, relations between permutation characters of subgroups provide relations between invariants, such as the discriminant, class number and regulator, of the corresponding intermediate fields. In this paper we investigate various computational aspects of these relations, we present examples, and we give a method to automatically produce class number formulas.


This volume contains the papers presented at the 26th OpenMath Workshop held in July 2014 in Coimbra, Portugal. These papers were accepted for presentation and discussion: the conclusions and any developments to OpenMath can be found in the minutes of the meeting at http://www.openmath.org. There were 7 submissions. Each submission was reviewed by at least 2 referees , all program committee members. The committee decided to accept 6 papers.


Zhang Ailing, with women's perceptual psychology and sharp literature talent, depicted the nihility of life of common customs of city in the change of times. She was concerned greatly with spiritual intension and human nature to women and see them clearly. Her creative writing, characterized by rich tension, has enriched women's literature construction. Meanwhile the " desolate realm " full of the individual character that she drew, reflected existence predicament of human beings and a certain general emotion applicable to all of the modern. All above offer women's distinctive views and close examination to the literature and mankind of modern city.


The method is described for calculating the capacity between two intersecting wires of a finite length situated in a plane parallel to the interface of two dielectric media. The solution is generalized to the case of two spirals with opposite winding situated along the surface of a circular cylinder; this surface is coaxial to a cylindrical interface.


Monitoring trachoma transmission with antibody data requires characterization of decay in IgG to Chlamydia trachomatis antigens. In a three-year longitudinal cohort in a high transmission setting, we estimated a median IgG half-life of 3 years and a seroreversion rate of 2.5 (95% CI: 1.6, 3.8) per 100 person-years.


India's growing population and economy is creating an increased demand for energy, food, livestock products, timber, paper, etc., with implications for land use. Since the larger rural population depends on land for earning their livelihood. On the verge of losing global fossil fuel resources, the Indian government and energy industry are considering the augmentation of bio-fuel production. India has announced a national biofuel policy and launched a large program to promote biofuel production, particularly on wastelands: its implications need to be studied intensively. Studies have shown that area under agriculture and forest has nearly stabilized over the past 2–3 decades. Energy security and climate change are the two major driving forces for worldwide bio-fuel development which also have the potential to stimulate the agro-industry. Nonetheless, there are other problems associated with biofuel usage such as automotive engine compatibility in long term operation and also food security issues that stem from biofuel production from food-grade oil-seeds. This paper examines India's fourfold approach towards: biofuel development, energy efficiency, land use, food productivity and sustainable environment including impact on agricultural market. The current study indicates a promising and bright future for bio-fuels in terms of being a substitute for conventional energy sources like coal and petroleum. Also a rise in value added services from the agricultural sector leading to a gain benefitting the owners of land and labours has been observed. Hence, the emergence of biofuels can (in this way at least) be a positive force for the economy as a whole.


Staged rollout is a strategy of incrementally releasing software updates to portions of the user population in order to accelerate defect discovery without incurring catastrophic outcomes such as system wide outages. Some past studies have examined how to quantify and automate staged rollout, but stop short of simultaneously considering multiple product or process metrics explicitly. This paper demonstrates the potential to automate staged rollout with multi-objective reinforcement learning in order to dynamically balance stakeholder needs such as time to deliver new features and downtime incurred by failures due to latent defects. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering → Software testing and debugging.


The possibility to open a near-IR window at stratospheric altitude is crucial for a large variety of astronomical issues, from cosmology to the star formation processes. Up to now, one of the main issue is the role of the OH and thermal sky emission that are rising the sky background level when such observations are performed through ground based telescopes. We present the results of our technological activity aimed at affording some critical aspects typical of balloon flights. In particular, the obtained performances of prototype systems for rough and fine tracking will be illustrated. Both these systems constitute a high precision device (≤ 1 arcsec) for pointing and tracking light telescopes on board stratospheric balloons. We give the details concerning the optical and mechanical layout, as well as the detector and the control system. We demonstrate how such devices, when used at the focal plane of enough large telescopes(2-4m, F/10), may be capable to provide diffraction limited images in the near infrared bands. We have also developed a prototypal single channel photometer NISBA (Near Infrared Sky Background at Arctic pole), working in the H band (1.65 μm), able to evaluate, during a high-latitude balloon flight, how OH emission affects the sky background during the arctic night. The laboratory tests and performance on sky are presented and analyzed.


It has not gone unnoticed that the postmodernist historical novel differs in many ways from the traditional model of the genre, but critics have concentrated almost exclusively on what Linda Hutcheon has labelled "historiographic metafiction". The present paper argues that different types of historical fiction can and should be distinguished and tries to throw new light on the various functions that postmodernist historical fiction can fulfil. The first part of the article provides a typological overview and a characterization of the most significant and innovative modes of dealing with history in fiction, focusing on those subgenres that have come to be known as revisionist historical novels, metahistorical novels, and historiographic metafiction. The second part is concerned with the broad range of functions that postmodernist historical fiction can fulfil and with the changed attitudes to history that they express. It is shown that the different kinds of postmodernist historical novels can function as a means of providing revisionist accounts of history, as a literary medium of cultural memory, as tools for making sense of complex historical experiences, and as an important means of fostering and maintaining collective identities and of nurturing the culture's dominant fictions, viz. the notion of "Englishness". The final section shows that the contemporary British historical novel has found contact with international postmodern literature which it seemed to have lost in the Fifties and Sixties, but that there are also some features that set innovative kinds of British historical novels apart from manifestations of postmodernism in other countries: they display a pronounced return to story-telling, they provide a new synthesis of tradition and innovation, and the formal and functional spectrum of British postmodernist fiction is much broader than has commonly been assumed. Graham Swift, Waterland (London: Picador, 1984) 133. 16 ANSGAR N Ü N N I N G


Introduction: Timber and its products are key carriers of carbon stocks and can cause a hysteresis effect of carbon release in the carbon cycle of forest ecosystems. The literature regarding the cross-regional flow of timber carbon stock mainly pays attention to production- and consumption-based perspectives, which cannot reflect how the primary inputs drive timber carbon stock flow. The income-based perspective accounting can identify the influence of primary input suppliers and supplement research on timber carbon stock embodied in trade. The goal of this paper is to explore the cross-regional flow of global timber carbon stock and identify the critical countries from an income-based perspective. Methods: We used the Ghosh-multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to calculate the income-based timber carbon stock flow among 190 countries. Furthermore, combined with the Leontief-MRIO model, a comparative analysis is carried out to analyze the different results of the income-based, production-based, and consumption-based methods. Results: The results showed that the income-based timber carbon stock of the United States and China were among the top countries in imports and exports simultaneously. However, their export volumes were significantly larger, meaning that these countries have invested more primary resources in timber products. The timber carbon stock of the United States mainly flows into Canada and Brazil. In China, the largest flow went to Canada. Furthermore, the flow to the United States increased significantly. Moreover, comparing the three perspectives shows that the United States' primary inputs have a greater impact on the global timber production chain than their production- and consumption-based roles. Brazil and Russia, as main primary resource suppliers of timber carbon stock, are more important than as final consumers. Discussion: The research can contribute to clarify the flow of forest resources embodied in global trade activities. Furthermore, it also provides a scientific basis to fairly account for carbon offset shares to achieve better the goal of forest resource protection agreed upon in COP26.


Nanomaterials can be used to emulsify and reduce the fluid viscosity, reduce pore pressure, and increase injection volume. Therefore, nanomaterials have a great potential in the enhanced oil recovery. However, the current research on nanooil flooding materials mostly focuses on the evaluation of the oil-displacing effect, and the lack of research on the size of the oil-displacing materials for tight oil is obvious. In this work, 1T phase molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method, which were further modified with CTAB powders to obtain MoS2-CTAB nanosheet powders. Combined with SEM, TEM, and AFM methods, the nanosheets were optimized based on the appearance and morphology. The stability, wetting reversal, and oil displacement capacity of selected nanosheets were tested. The results show that the best experimental condition to synthesize small-sized molybdenum disulfide is 200°C in the weak acid environment through 12 h. Due to the steric hindrance effect of the CATB molecule, the size and interlayer gap of MoS2 nanosheets increased slightly after modification. The layer gap reaches to 0.7 nm, and the number of stacked layers is 3~4 layers. Strong Raman bands are observed at 137 cm-1, 291 cm-1, and 391 cm-1, which indicates that the synthesized product is 1T MoS2. The modified MoS2 nanosheets in aqueous solution have better dispersion than the unmodified one. After the Zeta test, it was found that the absolute value after modification became lower, indicating that the modification of nano-MoS2 was effective. Moreover, the MoS2-CTAB can complete the wetting reversal within 4 h and make the interfacial tension reach 0.89 mN/m at 0.005 wt%, which greatly reduces the capillary pressure. The enhanced oil recovery effect of MoS2-CTAB nanosheets increased by 85.7% compared with that before modification and 62.5% higher compared with pure surfactant.


Purpose – Since the early 1990s there has been a growth in local authorities of risk management. However, despite a range of different strategies, initiatives and practices the issue of financing the risks to which authorities are exposed has remained problematic. The traditional dependence on the commercial insurance market has proved to be a flawed strategy. This paper aims to analyse an alternative risk financing strategy which has been successful in local authorities in other countries, that of risk pooling.Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyses the rationale behind risk pools, investigates the legislative environment that appears to make these acceptable to central government and evaluates the likely benefits to local authorities of their adoption.Findings – The paper finds that the perceived main legislative barrier to risk pools may no longer exist. Given that, there is a strategic, financial and operational case to be made for at least exploring the possibility of risk pooling. The exper...


The paper interrogates the prospect of attaining sustainable democracy in Africa using biometric technology (BT) for elections. Technology has become relevant in virtually every aspect of human endeavour, including election management and democratic development. In Africa, BT has also been deployed to improve the quality of elections and democracy. Using document analysis and review of relevant literature, findings indicate that to a large extent, BT is charting the path for sustainable democracy in Africa. However, the deployment of BT for African elections still faces serious challenges such as its high cost, inability to address some forms of electoral fraud, and lack of technical know-how. The paper concludes that the cultivation of political will to improve the quality of elections is important in order to address the current challenges of using BT in African elections and increase the prospect of attaining sustainable democracy.


Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 1991, pp. 675-678A COMPARISON BETWEEN FAMILIES OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT PROPERELEMENTSV. Zappa]A I, A. Cellino I, P. Farinella 2x Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Italy2 Dipartimento di Matematica, UniversitA di Pisa, ItalyAbstract. Using the hierarchical method of family identification developed by Zappal_ et al. [Astron.J., 100, 2030 (1990)] we compare the results coming from the data set of proper elements computedby Williams (about 2100 numbered + about 1200 PLS II asteroids) and by Milani and Kneievi_ (5.7version, about 4200 asteroids). Apart from some expected discrepancies due to the different data setsand/or low accuracy of proper elements computed in peculiar dynamical zones, a good agreement wasfound in several cases. It follows that these high reliability families represent a sample which can beconsidered independent on the methods used for their proper elements computation. Therefore, theyshould be considered as the best candidates for detailed physical studies.It is well known that asteroid dynamical falni]Jes are a fascinating, but until recently puzzling subject.In fact, in spite of a noticeable effort carried out for several years by many authors, it has not long beenpossible to achieve a satisfactory agreement among the different proposed family lists. In particular,substantial disagreement exists for what concerns both the amount of existing families and the numberand identity of their members. A detailed review of this subject can be found in Valsecchi et al. (1989).Moreover, a review by Chapman et al. (1989) emphasizes another difficulty, in a physical sense,affecting many of the proposed families: in particular, only a few of them (mainly the most populous ones)are self-consistent from a cosmochenfical point of view. In other words, most of the smaller clusteringsidentified in the space of proper elements by different authors, are composed by asteroids whose taxonomictypes conflict with each other, in the sense that no plausible process of collisional origin from a singleplausible parent body could explain the observed variety of taxonomic types of their supposed members.On the other hand, the most recent advances in the studies of the overall collisional evolution ofthe asteroid belt (see, for a review, Davis et al., 1989) require some reliable estimates of the numberand physical properties of the presently existing dynamical families, since they can provide some crucialconstraints for the general evolutionary models proposed. At the same time, a knowledge of the mainphysical properties of the family members could shed some fight on the general problem of the physicsof catastrophic impacts and their collisional outcomes.There are many reasons for the inconsistencies found in the past among the different proposed familylists. The main reasons are: different data sets used; different adopted methods of proper elementcomputations; different procedures for clustering identification.Recently, Zappal_ et al. (1990) have carried out a new analysis, in which they used the biggest dataset (about 4100 objects) ever analyzed for family identification purposes, as well as a new identificationmethod. For what concerns the adopted proper elements, they used those computed by Milani andKneievi_ (1990), on the basis of a second-order, forth degree secular perturbation theory.The new identification method is based on hierarchical clustering techniques of multivariate dataanalysis. The basic idea is to compute all the mutual distances among the analyzed objects, on the basisof some definition of a metric in the proper elements space (in particular, the adopted distance definitionis related to the incremental velocity needed for orbital change after ejection from a fragmented parentbody). In this way, it is possible to build some dendrograms, containing all necessary information aboutthe existing clusterings of objects, having mutual distances smalhr than any given value d. They are thencompared with analogous dendrograms obtained for fictitious populations of quasbrandomly generatedobjects, in order to find a crytical value of distance ("quasi-random level") for which the chsterings foundcannot be due to pure chance. These clusterings are defined as asteroid families in the gappalg et al.(1990) paper.https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930010081 2020-05-15T03:20:18+00:00Z


Artemisinin is difficult to formulate for parenteral administration because of its low aqueous solubility and Cremophor EL, the excipient used for its formulation, has been shown to cause serious side effects. This study reports the preparation method and properties of artemisinin lipid emulsion for parenteral administration. High-pressure homogenization was used to prepare artemisinin lipid emulsion. The factors influencing the stability of artemisinin lipid emulsion were monitored, such as drug loading methods and sterilization methods. It has been found that the optimum formulation of artemisinin lipid emulsion were composed of artemisinin 0.4%(w/v), soybeen oil 10%(w/v), egg lecithin 1.2%(w/v), F68 0.4%(w/v), oleate 0.02%(w/v) and glycerol 2.5%(w/v). Artemisinin lipid emulsion was stable enough to withstand rotating steam sterilization at 121°C for 15 min.


The Na+/H+exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) binds through its PDZ1 domain to the carboxyl-terminal sequences NDSLL and EDSFL of the β2adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, respectively, and plays a critical role in the membrane localization and physiological regulation of these receptors. The crystal structures of the human NHERF PDZ1 domain bound to the sequences NDSLL and EDSFL have been determined at 1.9- and 2.2-Å resolution, respectively. The β2AR and platelet-derived growth factor receptor ligands insert into the PDZ1 binding pocket by a β-sheet augmentation process and are stabilized by largely similar networks of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. In the PDZ1-β2AR complex, the side chain of asparagine at position −4 in the β2AR peptide forms two additional hydrogen bonds with Gly30 of PDZ1, which contribute to the higher affinity of this interaction. Remarkably, both complexes are further stabilized by hydrophobic interactions involving the side chains of the penultimate amino acids of the peptide ligands, whereas the PDZ1 residues Asn22 and Glu43 undergo conformational changes to accommodate these side chains. These results provide structural insights into the mechanisms by which different side chains at the position −1 of peptide ligands interact with PDZ domains and contribute to the affinity of the PDZ-ligand interaction.


All fission-based 99Mo producers worldwide are required to convert their 99Mo
 production processes from using highly enriched uranium to low-enriched
 uranium. At a recent IAEA meeting in Vienna, problems related to bottlenecks
 and target modification and optimization of low-enriched uranium-based 99Mo
 production processes were discussed. Ceramic UO2-pellets (as used in fuel)
 were excluded from the discussion with the argument that this material cannot
 be dissolved under practically applicable conditions. In this paper, we
 suggest transforming the non-soluble ceramic UO2 fuel-pellets into the U3O8
 form by simple oxidation and the use of the soluble U-oxide modification as
 the starting material for the 99Mo production processes. Due to the absence
 of Al, larger target quantities could be processed and the waste volume could
 still be kept small. The approach is known and proven in nuclear technology.
 In principle, this new head process can be connected to any of the presently
 used 99Mo production procedures.


Thermal cracking reactions lead to excessive light gas yield and lower overall product values during the present typical high temperature commercial FCC operation.Catalyst properties and operating parameters (reaction temperature,catalyst to oil ratio,contact time) have great influence on thermal and catalytic cracking reactions.There exist some points of reaction temperature inflexion for catalytic cracking reaction and thermal cracking reaction.Catalytic cracking reaction plays the main role below around 538?℃,and the ratio of (C 1+C 2)/ i -C 4 is less than 0.6.When the reaction temperature is over around 610?℃,thermal cracking reaction is the key process and the ratio of (C 1+C 2)/ i -C 4 is large than 1.2.Below the temperature of 550~610?℃,catalytic cracking reaction and thermal cracking reaction can occur simultaneously,and the latter becomes dominant one when the reaction temperature increases.The rate of catalytic cracking reaction can increase with increase of the ratio of catalyst to oil resulting in much more amounts of active sites involved.The deposition of product coke on the catalyst leads to more severe thermal cracking reaction by making the active sites inaccessible for future participation in the catalytic cracking cycle.The short contact time of oil and catalyst may suppress the detrimental thermal cracking reaction dramatically.A satisfactory result could be obtained through selection of proper catalyst and operating conditions (especially the very short contact time of gas and oil).


The hyperaccumulator of Sedum alfredii has the extraordinary ability to hyperaccumulate cadmium (Cd) in shoots. To investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation, a cDNA library was generated from leaf tissues of S. alfredii. SaeIF1, belonging to the eukaryotic protein translation factor SUI1 family, was identified by screening Cd-sensitive yeast transformants with this library. The full-length cDNA of SaeIF1 has 582 bp and encodes a predicted protein with 120 amino acids. Transient expression assays showed subcellular localization of SaeIF1 in the cytoplasm. SaeIF1 was constitutively and highly expressed in roots and shoots of hyperaccumulator of S. alfredii, while its transcript levels showed over 100-fold higher expression in the hyperaccumulator of S. alfredii relative to the tissues of a non-hyperaccumulating ecotype of S. alfredii. However, over-expression of SaeIF1 in yeast cells increased Cd accumulation, but conferred more Cd sensitivity. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing SaeIF1 accumulated more Cd in roots and shoots without changes in the ratio of Cd content in shoots and roots, but were more sensitive to Cd stress than wild-type. Both special and general roles of SaeIF1 in Cd uptake, transportation and detoxification are discussed, and might be responsible for the hyperaccumulation characteristics of S. alfredii.


extent of the EBV infection. As another approach to the prob lem, cultures of Burkitt tumor cells were superinfected with herpes simplex virus. These experiments had two basic aims: (a) to assess the possibility that another member of the herpes group might stimulate sufficient synthesis of enzymes or other components required for completion of the reproductive cycle of EBV which might be deficient in such activities; and (b) to determine whether the superinfection might lead to the phe nomenon of marker rescue using the EBV-specific antigen(s) for evaluation of the results. While the primary purpose of these experiments was not realized, certain differences were uncovered in the responses to HSV of blastoid cell cultures of Burkitt tumor or leukemic origins. These various results will be described in the present report.


The ability of personnel to communicate accurately is paramount to the successful operation of man-machine systems. Degradation of speech intelligibility leads to misunderstandings, operational errors, and the increased risk of accidents. The quantification of auditory workload is a first attempt at modeling the impact of degraded communication on task performance.


statistics. We present progress towards the construction of a cryogenic ion trap apparatus, designed to cryopump background gas within the 4K chamber. The resulting reduction in pressure will allow robust trapping of up to 100 ions in a single chain. Cooling is provided by a closed cycle cryostat with a gas mediated thermal linkage which mechanically decouples the ion trap from the vibrating cold head. A spherical octagon surrounding the ion trap allows optical access for global and individual addressing beams and high numerical aperture uorescence collection.


We hypothesize that a greater degree of Na active reabsorption in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the kangaroo rat relative to that of the common laboratory rat contributes to the ability of the kangaroo rat to produce a more highly concentrated urine. For semiquantitative immunoblotting, outer medulla was dissected free, homogenized, centrifuged at 1100 × g (15 min) and the supernatant centrifuged at 150,000 × g (45 min). The membrane fraction was blotted with an antibody raised against Na‐K‐ATPase alpha subunit (Sigma). For measurement of Na‐K‐ATPase activity, 3 pooled samples, each consisting of tissue from 2–4 outer medullas, were homogenized, centrifuged, and the pellets resuspended in buffer with or without ouabain. ATP hydrolysis was determined by measuring release of inorganic phosphate. Na‐K‐ATPase activity (nmoles ATP hydrolysed/mg protein/30 min) is the difference between ATP hydrolysis in presence and absence of ouabain. Total ATPase activity was 905 ± 122 for kangaroo rat and 721 ± 111 for Munich‐Wistar rat (Mean ± SE). Na‐K‐ATPase activity was greater in the kangaroo rat (204 ± 65) than in Munich‐Wistar rat (79 ± 62). Na‐K‐ATPase protein levels were ~3‐fold higher in the kangaroo rat relative to Sprague‐Dawley rat. We conclude that a greater degree of Na active reabsorption occurs in the TAL of the kangaroo rat relative to that of the Munich‐Wistar or Sprague‐Dawley rats. NIDDK DK083338, NSF IOS095285


Shrub is one important part of eco-system,which has major effect on eco-protection、restoration and reintegration.However,shrub biomass is one important index of researching on shrub community and eco-system.In the paper,distribution and types of shrub community are briefly described and the present situation of the researches on determination methods are summarized.Some ideas about the study of shrub biomass are put forward.


With the rapid development of China, the thoughts on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era put forward new requirements for improving minority college students' cultural confidence. In light of this, the study constructed an improvement model, from perspectives of cultural consciousness, cultural practice, and cultural recognition, with the purpose of strengthening minority college students' confidence on the Chinese traditional culture, Chinese revolutionary culture, socialist core values, minority culture,and Thoughts on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era prospectively. In a creative way, a cultural practice platform was mainly built on the basis of the status analysis of cultural consciousness hold by minority students. Furthermore, strategies for cultural recognition were discussed from the objective, subjective and intermediary level, thus forming a comprehensive model for improving the cultural confidence of minority college students.


Quantum mechanics postulates the existence of states determined by a particle position at a single time. This very concept, in conjunction with superposition, induces much of the quantum-mechanical structure. In particular, it implies the time evolution to obey the Schroedinger equation, and it can be used to complete a truely basic derivation of the statistical axiom as recently proposed by Deutsch.


Elastic light scattering and Raman light scattering applied to the same eye-lens have been used, respectively, to extract information on the spatial variations in the intensity of scattered light and the protein content. A combination of the results allows one to obtain the distribution of the scattering coefficient, the size of the scattering particles and the molecular weight of the scattering particles. The design of the light scattering set up is such that the results can be compared with those obtained with a `Scheimpflug' camera. The increase in light scattering at the anterior and posterior cortex in young (< 20 - 30 yrs.) eye-lenses is in accordance with the theory for short-range crystalline order in eye-lenses.


It is shown how to construct two-component Yang-Baxter maps through the use of the quasi-classical limit of the star-triangle relation and related classical Yang-Baxter equations. A quasi-classical limit of the Boltzmann weight gives a Lagrangian function, which satisfies a classical star-triangle relation on solutions of an integrable quad equation in the ABS classification. These Lagrangian functions can be used to form a classical R-matrix, which satisfies a Yang-Baxter equation on the solution of discrete Laplace-type equations on a cuboctahedron. From these R-matrices the Yang-Baxter maps are derived, which have both 2-component variables and 2-component parameters, and can be expressed as a QRT-like composition of 2 maps for each component. This method provides a counterpart 2-component Yang-Baxter map for each quad equation in the ABS list.


The attempt of the comparative analysis of hierarchy, network and rhizome as organizing principles of culture is undertaken. The main features as well as the positive and negative sides of these principles are revealed.


Amorgos is the south-eastern outpost of the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea, which forms part of the Neogene-Quaternary zone of crustal and lithospheric N-S upper plate extension northward of the Hellenic subduction zone and deep sea trench. Apart from subduction-related earthquakes further south, the southern Aegean is affected by frequent earthquakes sourced in the upper plate. The twin earthquakes of 9 July 1956, followed by a strong tsunami, were the strongest events of this kind in the past Century. Hypocenters are related to a NE-SW oriented normal fault bounding the Amorgos-Santorini Graben System. There are questions in the literature regarding the seismic source and fault plane solutions, especially the contribution of a transcurrent faulting component.

We have analyzed the kinematics of brittle faults exposed on Amorgos Island itself that could be related to Neogene and active extensional and/or transcurrent deformation. Seismic slip often occurs on previously existing faults. Thus, their orientations and kinematics may help shed light on the structure of seismic sources at depth. We present evidence for a complex history of faulting. Early normal detachment faults and shear zones overprint older (rare) reverse faults, and are themselves overprinted by several sets of dominantly dextral NE and SE trending strike slip faults. Youngest is a conjugate set of NE trending high-angle normal faults. These are especially frequent along the SE coast of the island, suggesting a clear spatial relationship with the 1956 rupture. They can be fitted to a moment tensor solution similar to the published solutions for the 1956 Amorgos earthquake. The kinematic solution for the population of early normal faults suggests that the whole of Amorgos Island may have experienced a 15° NNW tilt during later extension, which lets us suspect that the island could be a tilted block of a much larger fault system. Regarding long-term late Neogene to Quaternary kinematics, dextrally transtensive fault slip is required to fit the regional pattern of extensional deformation in the Aegean, and this is reflected by small-scale brittle faulting on Amorgos.


The gravitino has been explained to exist with a low mass (Tahan 2013). BICEP2 results support a mass close to 1014GeV. Though the BICEP2 conclusions have been celebrated by numerous physicists with fewer scientists indicating problems with the data, from BICEP2 (BICEP2 Collaboration 2014) can be understood improbable by simply focusing on the mass of the gravitino. This manuscript presents a method involving increasing string vibrations to measure the gravitino mass in the laboratory.


The purpose of the present study was to examine the possible relationships between personality and related social-psychological characteristics, on the one hand, and attitudes toward sex-roles and issues relevant to the status of women, on the other. The sample consisted of 420 male and female Dublin adults aged 18 to 65, who were randomly selected within stratification categories. Factor analytically derived measures of personality and related social-psychological characteristics were developed as well as similarly derived measures of attitudes toward the role and status of women. Composite scores on these two sets of factors were intercorrelated for the total sample and for males and females separately. The correlational analyses revealed that traditional sex-role attitudes and less favorable attitudes to equal pay, contraception, and maternal employment were significantly correlated with measures of religiosity. Traditional attitudes and opposition to social change in the area of sex-role behavior were also found to be positively correlated with less trust in people, feelings of self-deprecation and powerlessness, and a need for order and predictability. Analysis of variance and path analysis were used to explore the possible mediating role played by demographic characteristics, such as age and socioeconomic status, in these relationships.


This study investigated the effects of adding a traditional strength training approach (endurance-strength = ES) during the pre-season versus a non-traditional approach where strength training is further maintained throughout the season (maximal-strength = MS), on aerobic and anaerobic parameters of off-road cyclists. Eleven off-road cyclists were divided into two groups. The ES group (n=6) performed during the first 8 weeks endurance-strength training, while the MS group (n=5) performed maximal-strength training, both together with their usual endurance training. During the following 8 weeks, only MS group maintained 1 session of strength training per week. 1RM, VO 2 max, Maximal aerobic power  (Wmax), Power at 4-mmol·L -1 (LT 4.0 ), Peak Power (PP), Mean Power (MP), Power best 5s (PB5), Power last 5s (PL5) and Fatigue Index (FI) were assessed. Results showed that there were significant ( P < 0.05) increases for MS group in PP (+ 4.8%) from PRE to MID, in 1RM (+ 15.8%) from PRE to POST, while in the ES group there was a decrease in 1RM (- 16.1%), PL5 (-4.3%) with an increase in FI (+ 9.5) from MID to POST. Effect size calculations showed small and moderate improvements in PP (+ 3.6%), MP (+ 2.8%), PB5 (+ 4.3%) from PRE to POST for MS group, while ES group showed a small improvement in VO 2 max (+ 4.1%), LT 4.0 (+ 4.3%) and PB5 (+ 2.7%) from PRE to MID, and a small decrease between MID to POST in Wmax (- 4.1%) and MP (- 2.6%). These results suggest that by including a non-traditional strength training approach it is possible to maintain aerobic levels and possibly increase anaerobic parameters throughout the off-road cycling season


Floating slider (1) has opposing surfaces which are opposed to the storage medium (Dc) and (11). This opposing surface (11) of the crown surface formed in a cylindrical outer surface shape having an axis extending along the radial direction of the storage medium (Dc) (7) is provided. The floating slider (1), when the storage medium (Dc) is rotated, from the storage medium (Dc) by air flows between the storage medium (Dc) and the opposing surface (11) It is configured to fly so as to separate. The floating slider (1) is the distance between the crown amount of the d, length along a direction parallel to the chord of the opposing surface between the apex of the arc and its chord in the cross section of the crown surface (7) When the slider length is admonished is L, It is formed such that.


This study was to find out the correlation between abdominal surface temperature and abdominal fat areas. CT and MRI methods have been used to assess abdominal fat area. Abdominal surface temperature according to abdominal fat area was also measured by DITI. 20 college students were selected as the subjects for the study. The results, showed that there were statistically different significance in abdominal fats measured by CT and MRI according to weight groups. Abdominal surface temperature gap were measured by DITI and there was a statistically significant difference in only T12 region. temperature gaps between weight groups were over . In conclusion, CT method is the most accurate method to measure abdominal fat. However, weak points are radiation exposure and high cost for study. The correlation between abdominal surface temperature and abdominal fat areas were strong. Therefore, DITI may be considered as useful convenient method to evaluate the abdominal obesity and clinical usefulness.


In the original effective heat capacity method the latent heat effect is approximated by a large effective heat capacity over a small temperature range. This method is simple in concept and easy to implement. However, it is so sensitive to the choice of the phase change temperature interval and the chosen time integration scheme that non‐convergence always occurs when it is implemented with implicit time integration schemes. Presents the cause and cure of non‐convergence in effective heat capacity methods and discusses sample results.


This system designs a high efficient, low ripple switching power supply. It uses single-ended DC-DC forward converter, and the output range is controlled by regulating the pulse width of the PWM controller UC3844. The control part is called double closed-loop control circuit, composed by voltage feedback loop and current feedback loop. It can stable the output voltage, reduce voltage regulation and load regulation. AVR single chip Mega128L is the core processor of the display part which part has the role of collecting the output voltage, using I2C bus interface keyboard, display the measurement of the voltage and the current, and it also designed to protect overcurrent which is used to enhance the reliability of the system.


erythematosus arising in a patient with chronic silicosis. may be formed and released from macrophages. Parallels to Rheumatol Int 1997; 16: 217–218. the pathogenesis of silica-induced scleroderma are given, as 7. Siebels M, Schulz V, Andrassy K. Systemischer Lupus erythobserved in 111 patients in our department (14). ematodes und Silikose. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1995; 120: As silica cannot be removed from the body, its precipitating 214–218. effect cannot be stopped. This indicates that the clinical course 8. Silicosis and Silicate Disease Committee. Diseases associated with is that of classical autoimmune diseases, with progressions and exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate minerals. Arch Pathol remissions. The therapy has to be in line with these facts and Lab Med 1988; 112: 673–720. has to be adjusted according to the criteria of the clinical 9. Doll JN, Stankus RP, Hughes J, Weill H, Gupta RC, Rodriguez activity of the disease. The best way to prevent this type of M, et al. Immune complexes and autoantibodies in silicosis. J Allergy 1981; 68: 281–285. SLE is to minimize the exposure to silica. 10. Jones RN, Turner-Warwick M, Ziskind M, Weill H. High prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in sandblaster's silicosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976; 113: 393–395. REFERENCES 11. Frank R, Giese T, Dummer R, Walther T, Rytter M, Ziegler V, et al. Silica-induced cytokine release in human monocyte cultures 1. Kilburn KH, Warshaw RH. Prevalence of symptoms of systemic and its possible involvement in the pathophysiology of silicalupus erythematosus (SLE) and of fluorescent antinuclear antiassociated scleroderma. Eur J Dermatol 1993; 3: 304–309. bodies associated with chronic exposure to trichlorethylene and 12. Anderegg U, Vorberg S, Herrmann K, Haustein U-F. Silica other chemicals in well water. Environmental Res 1992; 57: 1–9. directly induces intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) 2. Hatron PY, Plouvier B, Francois M. Assoziation von systemisexpression in cultured endothelial cells. Eur J Dermatol 1997; chem Lupus erythematodes und Silikose. Kasuistik (5 Pat.), Rev 7: 27–31. Med Interne 1982; 3: 245–246, ref. in: Zbl Haut-u Geschl-Krkh 13. Anderegg U, Vorberg S, Herrmann K, Haustein U-F. Increased 1983/84; 149(1): 403. expression of interstitial collagenase in silica-treated fibroblasts. 3. Ebihara I, Kawami M. Health hazards of mineral dust with Eur J Dermatol 1996; 6/1: 51–55. special reference to the causation of immuno-pathologic systemic 14. Haustein U-F, Herrmann K. Environmental scleroderma. Clin diseases. J Science Labour 1985; 61: 1–31. Dermatol 1994; 12: 467–473. 4. Mehlhorn J, Gerlach Ch. Gemeinsames Auftreten von Silikose und Lupus erythematodes. Z Erkr Atm-Org 1990; 175: 38–41. Accepted July 24, 1997. 5. Ziegler V, Pfeil B, Haustein U-F. Berufliche Quarzstaubexposition – Progressive Sklerodermie und Lupus erythematodes. Z Hautkr H+G 1991; 66: 968–970. Uwe-Frithjof Haustein, Department of Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, DE-04103 Leipzig, Germany. 6. Özoran K, Uzan H, Tutkak H, Caner N, Yücel M. Systemic lupus


Epoxy based polymers are widely used as thermal or / and electrical interfaces and as encapsulation material in the semiconductor industry. In order to shorten the product development process, simulation plays a more and more important role, especially in a very early design stage. Accurate description of the thermo-mechanical behavior of the individual materials is crucial for quantitative finite element analysis of the designed product. This paper focus on non-linear characterization of epoxy based thermoset polymers and presents the comparison of the material behavior based on the linear viscoelastic (LVE) method and non-linear viscoelastic (NLVE) method. Both methods can consider the effect of time and temperature. However, the LVE method is not capable to reproduce the behavior at large strain, where highly non-linear mechanical behavior of the tested thermosets is present. Here an advanced hyperviscoelastic Bergstrom-Boyce (BB) model is used to describe the highly non-linear effects quantitatively. Utilizing the NLVE method, significant improvement in the time and temperature domain as well as for the strain dependent relaxation is achieved.


The chronic glutamate neurotoxicity is suggested to be involved in selective loss of motor neurones (MN) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Evidence indicates that the loss of MN might be in part due to defective glutamate (GLU) transport resulting in elevation of synaptic glutamate. The in vitro model of slow neurodegeneration based on inhibition of GLU transport was used to evaluate the ultrastructural characteristics of neuronal and glial toxicity. The organotypic cultures of rat lumbar spinal cord maintaining the neurone–astrocyte metabolic interactions were subjected to GLU uptake blockers: threohydroxyaspartate (THA) and l-transpyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC). The MN exhibited vacuolar degeneration accompanied by presence of apoptotic profiles. The astroglial cells revealed some morphological abnormalities indicating their damage. The results suggest the involvement of both neuronal and glial components in the process of GLU-mediated toxicity.


Abstract We present a comprehensive investigation of fast line broadening processes in two amorphous polymers, polymethylmethacrylate and polyisobutylene. Using a combination of two-pulse and incoherent photon echo spectroscopy, we have studied the homogeneous linewidth of embedded impurity molecules in a wide temperature range, namely 0.4–22 K. Thus, we are able to separate clearly between the two active dephasing mechanisms, two-level systems and low-frequency modes.


One of the key points in ultrasound measurements on cortical bone is the correction for soft tissue. We designed a new probe based on bi‐directional axial transmission which automatically compensates velocity measurements for the soft tissue effect without preliminary evaluation of soft tissue properties. The probe consists in a linear arrangement of transducers with two sources placed on both sides of a unique group of receivers. The velocity of waves propagating parallel to the bone axis is deduced from a combination of the time delays derived from waves propagating in opposite directions at successive receivers separated by a known distance. This technique efficiently corrects for the major source of error on velocity encountered in clinical measurements which is caused by the variation of soft tissue thickness along the probe. The bi‐directional technique was validated on test samples for which the residual precision error on velocity measurements was reduced to 0.2%. In vivo measurements yielded a value of 0.5% for the interoperator reproducibility. The clinical range of variation of the velocity measured by bi‐directional technique is evaluated using clinical measurements on more than 200 subjects. Bi‐directional transmission is a promising technique to minimize the variability of in vivo velocity measurements.


The results of the research on the process of gasification of coal mixture in a closed system was evaluated in this article. The method presented includes oxygen-free gasification of coal at high pressure and its thermal degradation. Hydrogen is a gasifying factor. Gas containing, among others, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen is obtained as a result of reaction. Fossil coal as a chemical and energetic raw material is very significant in the process of demand for energy. Due to more and more difficult access to petroleum and natural gas, as well as growing prices, fossil fuels are becoming economically attractive. However, the works on more effective and environmentally friendly methods of energetic use of coal - including its gassing - should be continued. The use of hydrogen during coal gasification allows to get emission-free fuel gas, having better energetic properties than primal raw material.The laboratory site was built and consisted of: 4,5dm 3 reactor with a heating system, system of supply reactor with hydrogen and rinsing with argon and cooling system. The results of hydrogasification of coal with specific parameters, for selected time intervals were presented in this article. The efficiency of hydrogasification depending on the type of applied coal was assessed. Powdered charcoal, meeting the norm of German Committee for Standardization DIN EN1860 2 with a number 3H020, hard coal and lignite coal, as well as their mixtures were applied during the research.


We describe flue gas slide valve sticking at the FCC Unit Alberto Pasqualini Refinery (REFAP/PETROBRAS). Findings show that this sticking was due to the formation of catalyst deposits below the slide valve guides. A retrospective survey has suggested that what caused troubleshooting was dragging by medium steam in the cat craker. We present a theoretical formulation to account for catalyst deposit formation, as well as some points that should be observed in order to minimize this problem


Abstract Dichloro-bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) (2) and Dichloro-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane-palladium(II) (3) do react with hydrogensulfide and sodiumsulfide under formation of the corresponding compounds Di-hydrogensulfido-1,2-bis(diphenylphos-phine)ethane-palladium(II) (4), Disodiumsulfido-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane-palladium(II) (7), Di-hydrogensulfido-bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) (1) and Di-sodium-sulfido-bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) (8). 2 and 3 react with sodiumhydrogen-selenide under formation of Di-hydrogenselenido-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane-palladium(II) (5) and Di-hydrogenselenido-bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) (6). IR and 1H NMR spectra are reported.


Powerlessness generally denotes loss of control and may be experienced among those with a terminal diagnosis and, as such, empowerment is a dominant discourse in end-of-life policy in the western Anglo-Saxon world. This paper analyzes thematically blogs authored by three people with a terminal diagnosis to examine the "power to be oneself," a concept which was identified in the "Ethics of Powerlessness" project conducted in the UK. The analysis demonstrates that the bloggers assert the "power to be themselves" which is expressed in three principal ways. Firstly, through assertion of agency to promote self-affirmation and control. Secondly, through claiming a "moral authority" expressed by providing advice not just on illness and death but also on how life should be lived. Thirdly, through discussing ideas about the future and creating a legacy. The blogs are a mechanism used to express and reinforce self-identity and to carve out a "sacred space" between life and death to nurture personal change and to project this onto a public arena. This analysis demonstrates the key role patient empowerment plays in constructing an identity with a terminal diagnosis, an element that is often overlooked in end-of-life policy.


This monograph is an augmented and updated version of our book chapter titled Evolution of Alpha-Theta Training Over a Quarter Century. This is Chapter 13 in Alpha-Theta Neurofeedback in the 21st Century: A Handbook for Clinicians and Researchers (Expanded Second Edition), Antonio Martins-Mourao and Cynthia Kerson, editors, Foundation for Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation Research, Murfreesboro, TN, pp. 317-344 (2017). We present what has emerged in our clinician network as a comprehensive neurofeedback strategy to resolve trauma syndromes. The historical development is presented, albeit from our own parochial perspective. The initial point of departure was the Alpha-Theta protocol targeting psychological resolution. Preliminary stages of brain training serve to enhance the subsequent success of the Alpha-Theta experience. These targeted physiological regulation in various ways. Over time, the primary burden shifted ever more toward the physiological resolution aspects of the therapy. PTSD came to be understood fundamentally in terms of a model of physiological dysregulation. This monograph relates how the comprehensive strategy emerged. Some case reports and group data are presented in support of the therapeutic strategy.


Based on adopting the method of the systemic analysis together with the systemic synthesis to research the drilling techniques and the economic evaluations in which the depth exceeds 4500 meters both in China and abroad in the recent 28 years, it is considered that the deep drilling techniques during the US and North Sea of European are the ad vanced in the world and there is a ten ?year gap between them and China. Comparing with the three different technical - economic indexes for deep drilling, freely varied laws of deep drilling technology progresses and the economic evaluation index systems are discussed. For examples, the deep drilling technique level and economic index of the two most basins and the two deepest wells in China are presented.


In this note we consider a transversely holomorphic foliation F of dimension one on s2n-l obtained by intersecting the orbits of a holomorphic flow on en having zero as a contracting fixed point. It is shown that any deformation of F (in the class of transversely holomorphic foliations) is still obtained by intersecting S2n-1 with the orbits of a deformation of the holomorphic flow. We use an analogue of the theorem of Kodaira-Spencer on the existence of a versal deformation for transversely holomorphic foliation (see [6] or [7]) and the classification of germs of holomorphic contracting vector fields (Poincaré-Dulac theorem) as explained in the book of Arnold [1]. This book was the main inspiration for this paper. In an appendix which can be read independently, we show that parallel considerations leads to a complete classification of Hopf manifolds. This completes results of C. Borcea [2]. 1. Statement of the main theorem 1.1. À-RESONANT VECTOR FIELDS. Let 03BB = (03BB1,...,03BBn) be a sequence of complex numbers with strictly negative real part. Following Arnold ([1], p. 178), an additive *) 03BB-resonant monomial vector field in C n is a vector field of the form azm~/~zs, where m = (m1,...,mn) is a multiindex of non negative integers mi such that Here (m, 03BB) = 03A3mi03BBi, z m = zml ... z m and 03B1~C. This condition implies that the m are not all zero. DEFINITION: g03BB denotes the vector space of À-resonant vector fields, i.e. vector fields which are sum of À-resonant monomial vector fields. It is a finite dimensional vector space. It can also be characterized as the subspace of holomorphic vector fields on C " commuting with the diago* In the appendix, we shall define multiplicative p-resonant vector fields.


A fluid dynamics model of electrolyte in mircroflow inspired by hemodynamic model of aortic is proposed and applied in the self-noise analysis of four-electrode microflow-electrochemical accelerometer. Three-dimensional finite element model is established and invested through numerical simulation, the variety of geometrical parameters on different location of electrode and varied time are considered, which can affect the microflow-electrochemical accelerometers self-noise. The result of numerical simulation indicates that, self-noise is related to electrode configuration as well as electrode geometrical parameters. In particular, convection-induced self-noise is correlated to variety of viscosity, and thermohydrodynamic self-noise is correlated to variety of diameter. Such a fluid dynamics model of electrolyte inspired by thermodynamics model can be also used for optimization of the self-noise.


Images of buried ordnance can accelerate remediation through identification. This paper presents images of a buried, inert projectile. The images are plan views, at fixed but variable depths. The images were formed by processing measured reflectance through Fourier transformation, backward propagation, and inverse transformation. Data were measured in two tests. Both tests utilized a towed array of seven antennas. One test, in 1995, used frequencies between 187.5 and 487.5 MHz; the best images were from the 387.5 MHz data. An earlier test, in 1994, used frequencies 200, 350, and 500 MHz; the best images were formed from the 500 MHz data. The procedures for the two sets of data differed in relative orientation of the sensor antennas and projectile; in addition, soil dielectric constant values differed. Image displays also differed in image data interpolation.


Purpose: To study the development of teenage club activity in the Orenburg region from 1931 till 1958 in the Soviet out-of-school work in a national context.
Methodology: The main stages are defined and their descriptive characteristic is given on the basis of proposed and formulated criteria via comparative qualitative research methods.
Main Findings: The leaders of the club associations where children from families with difficulties and problems can be met and given qualified consultation. The development of the teenage club activity in the Orenburg region is represented by three periods of development, decline and flourishing.
Applications: This research can be used at universities, historical organizations, and culture-literature institutes and by graduate students in history.
Novelty/Originality: The paper explored the history of the regional system of teenage club activities in the Orenburg region which is becoming of particular importance as it allows to think critically and borrow the most advanced things for the further development of the club activities and for the further improvement of the education system.


The main objective of creating the open access to databases is to develop of innovation and efficiency in all aspects of socio-economic development. The article discusses the issue of open access to public data and focuses attention on the information of the results of research, useful to entrepreneurs. Open access to the data of the R&D institutions can be practically achieved thanks to implementation of an interactive platform. The proposed platform should uses the procedure for: collecting data from individual R&D institutions websites, translating them into language of benefits, comprehensible to entrepreneurs, distributing the transformed information to the proper entrepreneurs, selected by the code of NACE. The Author tackles the topic of digital knowledge-sharing in the context of the acceleration of socio-economic development in Europe. She discusses her own proprietary software tool - an interactive platform that uses so called "the language of benefits" for transferring the scientific research results to business practice.


This paper presents an implementation of a pipeline for segment-level feature tracking and adaptation with Praat. It forms a component of the convergence model framework introduced in Raveh et al. (2017); the goal of the model is to describe and generate phonetic changes as part of human-computer interaction in a spoken dialogue system (SDS) setting. A crucial part of such behavior is the ability to detect, track, manipulate, and finally utilize these changes.


In general, people are influenced by the standards set forth by groups of others; however, the levels of such conformity vary between people and across cultures. Here, we investigated factors related to country-level personality profile conformity (i.e., person-culture personality fit) across ∼5.9 million participants, residing in 57 different countries. We examined how each of the Big Five personality traits and cultural tightness are associated with variation in person-culture personality fit. We found that scoring higher in Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness and residing in a tight cultural context explains increased personality profile conformity, while scoring higher in Openness and Neuroticism and residing in a loose cultural context explains lower personality profile conformity. Furthermore, we found that Openness and Extraversion interact with cultural context to predict levels of personality profile conformity. These findings reveal that both dispositional and cultural factors correspond to the tendency to conform to country-level norms.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of pramipexole add-on in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Methods One hundred and eighty patients with Parkinson disease who were treated in our hospital from January 2009 to June 2012 were divided into the treatment group(n = 60),the control group 1(n = 60) and the control group 2(n = 60).The patients in the treatment group received Pramipexol and Madopar therapy,while those in the control group 1 received only Pramipexol therapy and control group 2 received only Madopar therapy.All treatment lasted for 3 months.The clinical effects and adverse events of the three groups were compared after treatment.Results The total efficacy rate of the treatment group was 90.0% while the control group 1 was 75.0% and the control group 2 was only 48.3% estimated by the scoring system of Webstar.The adverse events caused by Pramipexole were dizziness,somnolence,nausea,constipation,anorexia,blurred vision,upper abdominal malaise or orthostatic hypotension.No significant difference in terms of the frequencies of adverse events among the three groups.Conclusions Pramipexole add-on should be regarded as an effective and safe treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease.


The wavefront outer scale is an important parameter to use when evaluating the experimental performance of large aperture telescopes. Knowledge of three-dimensional atmospheric wavefront distortions is required for specifications of multiconjugate adaptive optics systems, which are essential for observations using Extremely Large Telescopes with a wider field of view. We aim to estimate the vertical distribution of the wavefront outer scale. We analyse the angular correlation of the fluctuations of the wavefront angle of arrival, deduced from image motion of the limb of the Moon. We use a simulated annealing algorithm to deduce the height dependence of the wavefront outer scale with given C 2 N profiles simultaneously measured with the scintillation detection and ranging (SCIDAR) instrument. We present results obtained during two campaigns of observation at the Mauna Kea Observatory (Hawaii) and the Observatoire de Haute Provence (France). Estimated profiles of the outer scale exhibit smaller values in the boundary layer than in the free atmosphere. Comparisons with measurements of the outer scale using the Generalized Seeing Monitor (GSM) are possible and give good agreement. We consider some implications for adaptive optics systems.


Considering the timed properties between the interactions of Web services, we model the Web services with timed properties formally and propose a method for detecting mismatch of time-aware Web services based on Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) in this paper. The issue of detecting mismatch of Web services can be transformed into the problem of existence model checking whether a deadlock is reachable or not between the interaction of the services, and the issue of existence model checking can be transformed into the problem whether the logic formula is satisfiable or not.


Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) at December 31ths of 2019 in China it quickly spread to more than 200 countries around the word. Government on affected countries have taken actions such as social distancing in order to decrease the COVID-19 spreading rate. As a way to evaluate how effective are such actions, we design an agent-based microsimulation model that allows for representing the COVID-19 spreading in Medellin, Colombia. Accordingly, we reproduce the number of cases and deaths caused by the COVID-19 according to Medellin-real data by using the proposed model. Also, we test our model with two scenarios: first one with real government actions and second one without any government actions in Medellin-Colombia. Our model results show that early-public-health policies allows for flatting the curve of the COVID-19 spreading in contrast to the scenario without restrictions. As future work, we will include more clusters—e.g., leisure clusters, transport clusters—and the dynamic of the foreign COVID-19 cases.


Thank you very much for downloading viscoelasticity and rheology. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this viscoelasticity and rheology, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer. viscoelasticity and rheology is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the viscoelasticity and rheology is universally compatible with any devices to read.


A vertical type tandem twin roll caster equipped with a scraper for the clad strip was invented. This roll caster could cast three layers clad strip which base strip had lower melting point than that of the overlay strips. The base strip was cast by an upper twin roll caster and the overlay strips were cast by a lower twin roll caster. The scrapers were attached to the lower twin roll caster, and were innovated to cast this type of three layers of clad strip. Solidification layers those became the overlay strips were pulled from between the scraper and the roll. The melt of the alloy which was as same as the base strip was poured between the scraper and the base strip. This melt connect the overlay strip and the base strip. The base strip was not re-melted. The scraper enabled that the solidification layer of the overlay strip contact to the melt of the base strip without mixing of the melt of the base and overlay strip. In this way, the sound three layers clad strip which base strip had lower melting point than that of the overlay strip could be cast by the vertical type tandem twin roll caster equipped with a scraper.


Description: The diagnosis and classification of COPD can be seen as the difficult task of describing a heterogeneous disease affecting a complex organ, using relatively simple measurements. Combining these measurements and thus describing the impact of disease on the lung and its functional capacity can provide additional information enabling the clinician to succeed in this task. In this context, this thesis has investigated the clinical description of pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities, the current standard (DLCO), the reference experimental technique (MIGET), and a new alternative (ALPE). The aim of the thesis has been to investigate the challenges ALPE faces in patients suffering from COPD (paper I) and if possible to present and evaluate new methods to overcome these challenges (paper II). Furthermore, integration of ALPE with routinely available clinical measurement and its relation to HRCT-scans was evaluated (paper III).


Resistant hypertension is an increasingly prevalent health problem associated with important adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The pathophysiology that underlies this condition involves increased function of both the sympathetic nervous system and the renineangiotensin IIealdosterone system. A crucial link between these 2 systems is the web of sympathetic fibres that course within the adventitia of the renal arteries. These nerves can be targeted by applying radiofrequency energy from the lumen of the renal arteries to renal artery walls (percutaneous renal sympathetic denervation [RSD]), an approach that has attracted great interest. This paper critically reviews the evidence supporting the use of RSD. Small studies suggest that RSD can produce dramatic blood pressure reductions: In the randomized Symplicity HTN2 trial of 106 patients, the mean fall in blood pressure at 6 months in patients who received the treatment was 32/12 mm Hg. However, there are limitations to the evidence for RSD in the treatment of resistant hypertension. These include the small number of patients studied; the lack of any placebo-controlled evidence; the fact that blood pressure outcomes were based on office assessments, as opposed to 24-hour ambulatory monitoring; the lack of longer-term efficacy data; and the lack of long-term safety data. Some of these concerns are being addressed in the ongoing Renal Denervation in Patients With


Introduction Glaucoma is a disease which causes optic nerve damage and remains a major public health concern worldwide. Late presentation is a major risk factor for glaucoma induced blindness. The aim of this study was to assess determinants for late presentation of glaucoma among adult glaucomatous patients. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 452 adult glaucomatous patients. Late presenters were glaucoma patients diagnosed with cup to disc ratio (CDR) > 0.8 and mean deviation of greater than -14 decibel in either of the eyes at their first presentation. Study participants were selected among glaucomatous follow-up patients by using systematic random sampling. Data were entered into EPI Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants. Variables with P-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result The mean age of participants were 55.1 ± 13.2 years. Being > 60 years of age, 4.51 times (AOR: 4.51; 95% CI: 1.74, 11.67), resided > 53 km away from the hospital 6.02 times (AOR: 6.02; 2.76, 13.14), Presenting IOP > 30 mmHg, 4.49 times (AOR: 4.49, 95% CI: 2.10, 9.12), poor knowledge of glaucoma, 4.46 times (AOR: 4.46, CI: 2.62, 7.58) and absence of regular eye checkup, 2.35 times (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.09, 5.47) higher odds of being late presenter. Conclusion Increasing age, high IOP, poor knowledge of glaucoma, residing far away from the hospital and absence of regular eye checkups were significantly associated with late presentation.


The mesoporous Cr/ZSM-5 and W-Cr/ZSM-5 zeolites have been successfully synthesized by loading chromium and tungsten on zeolite support. The metal loaded ZSM-5 catalysts were analyzed by several characterizations such as XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, and BET. The catalytic activities and recycle efficiency were also investigated by applying catalysts for oxidation of oleic acid. These catalysts exhibited the high catalytic efficiency for cleavage of double bond with the use of H2O2. The oleic conversion of 88.7% and 93.3% could be achieved for Cr/ZSM-5 and W-Cr/ZSM-5 catalyst, respectively. Moreover, the modified ZSM-5 catalysts also demonstrated a long life time and high stability.


NANS‐CDG is a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) caused by biallelic variants in NANS, encoding an essential enzyme in de novo sialic acid synthesis. It presents with intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), skeletal dysplasia, neurologic impairment, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Some patients suffer progressive intellectual neurologic deterioration (PIND), emphasizing the need for a therapy. In a previous study, sialic acid supplementation in knockout nansa zebrafish partially rescued skeletal abnormalities. Here, we performed the first in‐human pre‐ and postnatal sialic‐acid study in NANS‐CDG. In this open‐label observational study, 5 patients with NANS‐CDG (range 0–28 years) were treated with oral sialic acid for 15 months. The primary outcome was safety. Secondary outcomes were psychomotor/cognitive testing, height and weight, seizure control, bone health, gastrointestinal symptoms, and biochemical and hematological parameters. Sialic acid was well tolerated. In postnatally treated patients, there was no significant improvement. For the prenatally treated patient, psychomotor and neurologic development was better than two other genotypically identical patients (one treated postnatally, one untreated). The effect of sialic acid treatment may depend on the timing, with prenatal treatment potentially benefiting neurodevelopmental outcomes. Evidence is limited, however, and longer‐term follow‐up in a larger number of prenatally treated patients is required.


Ideas from algebraic geometry became useful in coding theory after Goppa's construction [7]. He had the beautiful idea of associating to a (projective, geometrically irreducible, non-singular, algebraic) curve X defined over Fq, the finite field with q elements, a code C. This code is constructed from two divisors D and G on X , where one of them, say D, is the sum of n distinct Fq-rational points of X . It turns out that the minimum distance d of C satisfies d ≥ n− deg(G) .


We demonstrate the viscosity measurement using laser-trapped liquid crystal droplet. The viscosity determined experimentally depended on the diameter of the droplet and boundary conditions at the liquid crystal surface which was changed by adding surfactant. In the fast-growing field of the nano-, microworld research, the momentum of photons has become a tool to hold, manipulate, and characterize objects with dimensions from 10 nm to 50 14ml. Laser tweezers has become a powerful tool to study the microscopic structure and microrheology. It has recently been demonstrated that a birefringent spherical particle of vaterite trapped by circularly polarized laser tweezers can be used to measure the viscosity of the environment in 2 which it is spinning A = [P(1 07out) / o)] /[873Q], (1) where P is the laser trapping power at the focus, w is the cyclic frequency, G50ut is the polarization coefficient, and r with Q are the radius and spinning frequency of the laser-manipulated sphere. The change in ellipticity of the circularly polarized light of the tweezers after passing through the particle is accounted for by 50out, which can change from 0 for linearly polarized output to +1 for fully leftand rightpolarized light output, respectively. Here, we show applicability limits of the proposed concept for the probing of microenvironments and demonstrate the viscosity determination using liquid crystal droplet. First, the eqn. 1 is only valid for a non-slipping boundary condition, which applies for hydrophilic surfaces. Conversely, for a hydrophobic surface, a 100 nm hopping of water molecules has been established3. This results in an effectively lower viscous drag. Secondly, only the longitudinal projection of the cumulative angular momentum of the passing light spins the particle. The half-cone angle of focusing is larger than 2/3 in standard laser tweezers. Third, the shape of laser-tweezed "soft" bio-materials can be changed due to their ductility4, consequently, the rotational drag coefficient becomes different and modifies the spinning efficiency5 rendering, also, eqn. 1 invalid. In order to test the proposed concept2 and listed precautions, we carried out a laser-tweezed spinning experiment on nematic liquid crystal droplets, which formed perfect spheres by surface tension in water. Laser-tweezers were modified to reproduce the same setup as in ref. 2. Figure 1 shematically illustrates the principle of measurement. We used the 4-pentyl-4'cyanobiphenyl (CB5, Aldrich) and E44 (Merck) nematic liquid crystals in D20, which has negligible absorption at 1064 nm. This excluded 2 heating present in the reported experiments . Hence, alterations of viscosity due to rising temperatures were avoided while the sphere size and laser power dependence of the measured viscosity were tested. Each liquid crystal forms 1-10 pIm droplets by self-organization with the bipolar structure when dispersed in D20. Figure 2 summarizes experimental data showing the size and power dependences of the calculated viscosity (eqn. 1). With spheres approximately 2.5 pm in diameter, the correct value of viscosity was measured (e.g., a 2.41 pm vaterite spheroid was used in ref. 2). For larger and smaller Polarized beam splitter


For the development of cancer, it is generally accepted that certain key events are frequently involved. Two of them are the expression of DNA damage and inadequate repair of the damage. Expression of different types of DNA damage, particularly after exposure to environmental mutagens and carcinogens, have been well-characterized. Examples of the different types of DNA damages are shown in Figure 1 and each type of damage requires repair from specific and genetically-controlled DNA repair pathways. DNA singleand double-strand breaks from exposure to X-rays, for example, require the non-homologous end-joining and/or homologous recombination repair pathways. Repair of pyrimidine dimers from exposure to UV-light requires the excision repair pathway. Among the different types of repair activities, the repair of DNA double-strand breaks is most troublesome to cells because there is not a homologous DNA strand to provide complementary sequences for the repair therefore mistakes are frequently made as a consequence of the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The often observed consequence from induction of DNA damage and inadequate repair of the damage is expression of chromosome abnormalities, gene mutations and genomic instability in most cancer cells. Therefore, better characterization of DNA damage and its repair activities can provide more precise determination of cancer and of prognosis.


This article develops scientific and practical recommendations and suggestions for assessing the investment efficiency of enterprises in the textile industry, conducting a systematic analysis of production processes, determining the level of impact of key factors, the risk of increasing investment efficiency and increasing investment efficiency.


Preface Theory in the Psychology of Aging Research Methodology Psychophysiology Sensation and Perception Learning and Memory Intelligence Creativity Interpersonal Relationships Mental Health and Psychopathology Personality Therapy and Intervention Assessment Work and Retirement Death and Dying Author Index Subject Index


Sight reading is a skill which causes difficulty even to some accomplished musicians. The reasons for this are usually not clear to the introspections of musicians themselves, yet there is some evidence of major perceptual differences among musicians which have nothing to do with visual acuity. A study by Bean (1938) has shown that short fragments of musical text displayed briefly are more accurately recorded by good sight-readers than by poor sight-readers He found that good sight-readers could record five notes accurately in any one fixation whereas poor sight-readers could record only two or three notes with the same degree of accuracy. Whilst this finding is important, in itself it sheds little light on the underlying cognitive processes which are responsible for the apparent superiority of good sight-readers in perceiving musical text.


We have determined the sound-speed profile in the Sun by carrying out an asymptotic inversion of the helioseismic data from the Low-Degree (l) Oscillation Experiment (LOWL), the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG), VIRGO on SOHO, the High-l Helioseismometer (HLH), and observations made at the South Pole. We then deduce the density, pressure, temperature, and elemental composition profiles in the solar radiative interior by solving the basic equations governing the stellar structure, with the imposition of the determined sound-speed profile and with a constraint on the depth of the convection zone obtained from helioseismic analysis and the ratio of the metal abundance to the hydrogen abundance at the photosphere. With the exception of the treatment of elements relevant to nuclear reactions, we assume that Z is homogeneous. The chemical composition profiles of hydrogen and helium are then obtained as a part of the solutions. Using the resulting seismic model, we estimate the neutrino fluxes and the neutrino capture rates for the chlorine, gallium, and water Čerenkov experiments. Even if we take into account uncertainties in various input physics, the estimated capture rates are still significantly larger than the observation.


Austenitic type 304 stainless steel was ion-nitrided at 823-853K, using a N 2 -H 2 d.c. glow discharge plasma. After ion-nitriding, the top thin compound layer mainly composed of γ'-Fe 4 N was removed by emery paper. A thin layer of Ti with a thickness of 0.1 μm was deposited on this nitrided specimen and, subsequently, TiN of 1.7 μm was deposited at about 623 K, using an ion-plating technique. By this combined treatment of ion-nitriding and subsequent ion-plating, surface hardened layers were formed, which were composed of (i) a thin outermost coating layer of TiN with the hardness of about Hυ 2200 and (ii) a thick inner diffusion layer of about Hυ 1100


Mitochondrial quality control Jason Nielson (Rutter laboratory, University of Utah/Howard Hughes Medical Institute) described a protein quality control system centered on the Vms1-Cdc48 complex. This protein complex translocates to the mitochondrial outer membrane in response to various mitochondrial stresses, particularly those that elicit mitochondrial oxidant production. The search for the mechanism underlying this stress-responsive protein relocalization led to identification of an oxidized sterol that directly binds to Vms1 and is necessary and sufficient for Vms1 localization to mitochondria. This translocation event was hypothesized to support and enhance quality control functions on mitochondria experiencing damaging stressors. Hagai Abeliovich (Hebrew University) discussed mitophagy, which traditionally involves entire segments or pieces of the mitochondrial network being completely degraded by the autophagic machinery and lysosomes. Abeliovich presented a more complicated picture, showing a much more selective degradative process in which some proteins were degraded and others were spared. Specific protein phosphorylation in the mitochondrial matrix, which led to a "distillation" mechanism and protein segregation, was proposed to account for this protein selectivity. Adam Hughes (University of Utah) described a similar selective and stress-responsive protein degradation mechanism that centers on the formation of the mitochondrial-derived compartment (MDC) pathway, which selectively eliminates proteins from the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria. MDCs form at sites of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial contact and use the autophagy machinery to enable the degradation of a subset of mitochondrial proteins, primarily those that are substrates of the mitochondrial import receptor Tom70. These include the large class of mitochondrial nutrient carrier proteins, hinting that the MDC pathway connects intracellular nutrient abundance with degradation of mitochondrial carriers. Pei-I Tsai (Wang laboratory, Stanford University) focused on a protein that is famous for its role in regulating mitophagy, the PINK1 protein kinase, mutations of which lead to Parkinson's disease. Tsai showed, however, that PINK1 phosphorylates the MIC60 protein, which was previously shown to regulate mitochondrial cristae junctions and energetic efficiency. PINK1 was shown to be required for the maintenance of cristae junctions, specifically in regions of high energetic demand, and MIC60 overexpression rescues the PINK1 loss-of-function phenotype. This function might be conserved in higher eukaryotes, as two MIC60 variants were shown to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease in humans.


Relevance. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a disease that is extremely relevant for the Russian Federation. According to modern data, epidemic outbreaks of severe course involving a large number of children are registered in the Russian Federation. At the same time, the mortality rate varies worldwide and can range from 6.46 to 51.00 per 100 thousand population. In addition, the fact that the Russian Federation borders with East and Southeast Asia annually increases the risk of HFMD entering the territory of Russia. Every year, the disease causes more than 2 million hospitalizations in Asia. Aims. According to the literature, to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in the Russian Federation and the world, as well as the prospects for vaccination of this infection. To achieve this goal, open sources hosted in the electronic databases PubMed, Medline and e-Library were used. Publications on enterovirus infection for the period from 2014 to 2022 are analyzed. The WHO (Western Pacific Region) statistics on HFMD were also used. Results. According to the modern literature, HFMD is the most common clinical form of enterovirus infection, which is characterized by high heterogeneity of pathogens. Over the past few years, the incidence of enterovirus infection in many subjects of the Russian Federation has been characterized by an upward trend. The most unfavorable epidemic situation in the Russian Federation is observed on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District, where the largest number of cases of enterovirus infection is registered. In 2018, 1058 cases of enterovirus infection were detected in the Sakhalin region (222.6 cases per 100 thousand). The structure of enterovirus infection in the Russian Federation is dominated by exanthemic forms, herpangina and gastroenteritis. It is necessary to consider the introduction of vaccination of the child population, since rises in the incidence of enterovirus infection in various regions are registered annually on the territory of the Russian Federation. Vaccines against EV-A71 are already being used in China for epidemic indications. The active circulation of HFMD in the Asia-Pacific region may affect the spread of enterovirus infection in the territory of the Russian Federation, as the risk of imported cases of infection and the formation of epidemic foci of group morbidity increases.


1 - The bacterial flora of the digestive tract of aquatic organisms reflects various factors, such as the aqueous environment (temperature, salinity, etc.), seasonal variation, diet, fish species and anatomy of gastrointestinal section. 2 - In the present work, culturable bacteria isolated from intestinal samples of gilthead sea bream caught in two coastal lagoons of Sardinia, were quantified and identified in order to detect the effect of different habitats on the microbial ecology of fish gut. 3 - A total of 120 bacterial colonies coming from intestinal tracts of Sparus aurata specimens captured in the Tortoli (Eastern Sardinia: Lat 39°56' 854''N, Long 9°41'160''E) and Porto Pino (Southern Sardinia: Lat 39°02' 54''N, Long 08°32'54''E) lagoons during the winter season, were identified by means of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 4 - The results showed no significant differences in the bacterial loads, while a diverse composition of microbial gut flora was detected between the two groups of gilthead sea bream. Indeed, intestinal microbiota from the Tortoli lagoon showed high genetic variation with a total of 13 different taxonomic bacterial groups identified as Pseudomonas spp. (33.3%), Sphingomonas paucimobilis (10.5%), Proteus spp. (8.8%), Chryseobacterium sp. B-G-R2A3 (5.3%), Arctic soil bacterium A1T3 (5.3%), Sphingobacterium spp. (5.3%), Psychrobacter spp. (3.5%), Psychrobacter maritimus (3.5%), Leucobacter spp. (3.5%), Yersinia bercovieri (3.5%), Aeromonas spp. (3.5%), Aeromonas molluscorum (1.7%), and Erwinia persicina (1.7%). On the other hand, 16S rRNA gene analyses of bacterial flora performed on the Porto Pino gut samples, revealed a lower variability when compared with those from Tortoli, since only 3 different taxonomic groups were distinguished and ascribed to Pseudomonas spp. (90%), Janthinobacterium spp. (8%) and Psychrobacter maritimus (2%). 5 - Our findings indicate that the aqueous habitat highly selects fish microbial gut flora which represents a peculiar ecosystem and a possible biomarker of environmental origin.


Conclusion. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) interacts with several plasma protein systems and blood cells, causing release of a multitude of endogenous medi-ators that contribute to the pathophysiologic process of septic shock. Plasma is also known to be a potent LPS inhibitor. Although many serum proteins and blood cells may bind LPS it is difficult to evaluate the relative importance of such interactions. Methods and results: Binding of radiolabelled 1251-LPS to human blood cells were investigated in the following sets of experiments: 1251-LPS (0.1-10 jtg/ml) were incubated with whole blood (heparinized) for 2-12 hours at 37°C. Plasma and formed blood elements were isolated and the major part (80%) of the 1251-LPS was recovered in plasma, 6-7% was associated with the blood platelets, whereas only small amounts (<2%) were retained in gran-ulocytes, erythrocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. Incubation of freshly isolated blood cells with either 1251-LPS or FITC-LPS and subsequent analysis by radioactive counting, autoradiography, flow cytometry and immunofluo- rescence microscopy showed that monocytes were by far the most effective blood cell binding LPS. Purified lipoprotein fractions incubated with 1 jig/ml 1251-LPS for 2 h at 37°C were subjected to lipoprotein electrophoresis and staining and subsequent autoradiography. 1251-LPS bound to all lipoprotein fractions (HDLULDLNLDL). The same result was obtained when heparinized plasma orwhole blood were incubated with 0.1-10 jg/ml 1251-LPS. macromolecular specificity (EmA) antigliadin (AGA) (IFL) Purpose: In order to evaluate the effect on the bone mass of gluten free diet, we investigated prospectively the bone mineral density in consecutive adult patients with newly diagnosed coeliac disease. Methods: Sixty-six patients with untreated coeliac disease (aged 17-79 years) were examined at diagnosis and 43 of them one year after dietary recommendation. Bone mineral density was measured in the forearm using Single Photon Absorptiometry and in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and trochanter using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. The values were compared with those in healthy controls, matched for sex, age and menopausal state. Results: Bone mineral density was reduced at all sites in patients with untreated coeliac disease (p < 0.001). Bone mineral density increased within one year after dietary recommendation in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and trochanter (p < 0.01). In the forearm the increase of bone mineral density was non-significant (p = 0.0504). Conclusion: Bone mineral density in patients with untreated coeliac disease increases rapidly after treatment with gluten free diet is started, empha- sising the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) among adults with diabetes mellitus. The measurement of serum IgA antigliadin antibody (IgA-AGA) concentration was used as a screening test for CD, followed by small bowel biopsy in those patients with a value >90 UIL. Of 1785 patients with insulin dependent (IDDM, 43%) and non insulin de- pendent (NIDDM, 57%) diabetes mellitus, 73 had raised IgA-AGA, while 8 had IgA deficiency. Duodenal biopsies were obtained from 57 subjects (49 with raised IgA-AGA and 8 with IgA deficiency) of whom 11 had total villous atrophy (1 with IgA deficiency) and 3 had severe partial villous atrophy, char- acteristic of CD. Eight of these 14 had symptoms compatible with CD which resolved on a gluten free diet (GFD). Significant reductions in haemoglobin, ferritin and red cell folate were found and corrected by the diet and supple-ments. In 7 patients who were adhering strictly to a GFD, a repeat biopsy showed morphological improvement. Included in the 1785 patients screened were an additional 4 with CD. Thus the overall prevalence of coeliac disease in this diabetic population is 1 in 100. In IDDM it is 1 in 52 and in NIDDM 1 in 340. Unsuspected CD is common among adults with diabetes and is an additional cause of ill health which can be corrected by a GFD. The measure- ment of IgA-AGA is a useful screening test to identify those who require small bowel biopsy. The incidence of coeliac disease (CD) varies internationally. We studied the incidence of identified cases of childhood CD in six Dutch provinces (47.9% of the surface area, 67.6% of the population of The Netherlands). Children with CD aged 0-14 years diagnosed from 01.01.1975 until 01.01.1991, were traced by a) contacting all paediatricians, b) the data of the Dutch National Medical Registration and c) the membership records of the Dutch Coeliac Society. These data were cross-checked by the Dutch Network and National Database of Pathology. 97.9% Of the paediatricians answered to our inquiry; 46.1% had CD pa- tients under treatment. 342 CD patients were identified. The mean cumula-tive incidence rate, calculated per 1000 live births per year, was 0.18, which is significantly lower than the incidence rates found in other European coun-tries, except for Denmark. However, a significant increase in reported inci- dence was demonstrated: from 0.10 in 1976 to 0.32 in 1990. The clinical pic-ture at presentation (abdominal distension 76%, chronic diarrhoea 71.3% and growth failure 63.2%) did not change significantly during the study period. When compared with other European countries, the amount of gluten in- take at a young age and the duration of breastfeeding do not explain the low incidence in The Netherlands. A significant positive correlation was found between the number of small intestinal biopsies taken and the number of identified cases of CD. On behalf of the Dutch Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), originally isolated from ovine hypothalamus, is a new member of the secretin-glucagon pep-tides family, and shows a close homology with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The presence of PACAP immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers in the gut wall suggests its involvement in the regulation of physio- logical functions of the organ. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of PACAP on the intestinal blood flow (BF), mucosal blood flow (MBF), intestinal oxygen uptake (V02). In addition, intestinal myoelectric activity (MA) was monitored. In anesthetized dogs BF was measured by ul- trasonic blood flowmeter (Transonic System T206), MBF was determined by laser Doppler flowmetry (Laser Flo 403A). IV02 was calculated as the product of the arteriovenous oxygen difference (AV02) across the intestinal segment and (BF). PACAP 38 (0.5-2.0 g/lkg) injected into the mesenteric artery supply- ing the intestinal segment caused on immediate (within 30-60 s) and dose dependent increase in the BF reaching about 40%, 60%, and 80% of the control value (58.5 ± 9.2), and in MBF 60%, 80% and 110% respectively. MA was dose dependently decreased by 35%, 50%, and 67%. Systemic arterial pressure and V02 were not significantly influenced by i.a. injection of PACAP in the doses used. The results of this study indicate that PACAP is a potent vasodilator in the intestinal circulation and relaxator of the intestinal muscu-lature. The lack of changes in oxygen uptake, at least in part, might be due to the decreased intestinal motility with reduced metabolic demand of the muscularis for oxygen. This study shows that PACAPR which is present in the gut may play an important role in the modulation of the intestinal circulation motility. by adaptation of the Helico-G kit. Serial standards used with each run, gave a linear correlation (r = 0.99) with optical density readings and these were used to standardise each plate. Results The mean salivary IgG titre (SD) for H. pylori positive and negative patients was 6.86 (4.52) and 2.01 (1.43) respectively. There was a good positive correlation (rs = 0.72, p = 0.0001) between salivary and serum IgG values. The sensitivity and specificity of the salivary IgG assay was 90% and 82%, that for salivary IgA was 76% and 61% and for serum IgG was 90% and 90%. We prospectively eval-uated a screening policy in patients under 45, based on our salivary assay, of endoscoping only those who were either positive or using NSAIDS regu-larly. Adoption of this policy picked up all DUs, GUs and 83% of duodenitis patients while saving 36% of endoscopies. Conclusion We have developed an ELISA for measuring salivary IgG to H. pylori based on an existing serum ELISA kit (Helico-G). Salivary IgG reflects serum IgG, gives a reliable indication of H. pylori infection and is superior to salivary IgA. Measurement of salivary IgG in screening patients under 45 prior to endoscopy detects the majority of pathology while saving over a third of endoscopies.


A single particle is subjected to the combined action of a static uniform magnetic field and an electromagnetic wave. The equations of motion are solved using the perturbation method up to second order. In the results, two different types of second-order effects appear: (i) the always present non-resonant effects, resulting in a ponderomotive drift and a nonlinear cyclotron frequency shift, and (ii) the resonant effects appearing at the half-integer harmonics of the gyrofrequency and leading to perpendicular heating and diffusion.


As the result of the extended virtual array aperture for multiple input multiple output(MIMO) array,the MIMO array can further suppress the clutter and jammer compared with the conventional phased-array.In practice it is difficult to use because of needing more sample support and higher computational complexity.A reduced-rank MIMO space time adaptive processing(STAP) method is proposed based on jammer estimated subspace.The method utilizes the characteristics of the time-limited and band-limited of prolate spheroidal wave function(PSWF) to approximate the clutter subspace.The MIMO system space-time weight is obtained by the "zero-forcing" method,and the covariance matrix containing jammer and noise is acquired through the matched filter orthogonal to all transmitted independent signal waveforms.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively suppress the clutter and jammer and has lower computational complexity.