Longitudinal thin-film rigid disk media with an overlying high permeability, low coercivity "keeper" layer is shown to improve inductive head performance beyond the limit of contact recording. Data taken with a Read-Rite tripad pseudo-contact inductive thin-film head shows that the keeper layer improves peak-detector channel margin by 25% and reduces soft error rate by 6 orders of magnitude. The keeper layer improves system signal to noise ratio by 3 dB to 6 dB, and reduces PW-50 from 0.292 /spl mu/m (11.5 /spl mu/in) to 0.228 /spl mu/m (9.0 /spl mu/in). A fly height study shows that the keeper layer allows an additional 25 nm (1 /spl mu/in) higher flying height than standard media for equivalent channel margin or soft error rates. A model, treating the keeper layer as a magnetic parametric amplifier is proposed. Calculations show that the keeper layer modulates the inductance of the tripad head by 25 nano-Henrys, or about 5% of the total inductance.


Problem Statement: the information transmitted in open communication channels,can threatened violation availability and integrity. Nowdays Actual task of the protection of transmitted information from distortion are increasingly solved by digital steganography. However, the task of the multiple access`es organization in the hidden information channel is not previously posed. IN the article results of the simulation method secure data transmission in the video are presented, which allows to increase the number of data lines of communication within a hidden channel. Objective: To confirm the adequacy of the developed scientific methodological apparatus of the code consolidation in the video data, which allows to increase the number of data lines of communication within a hidden channel, with limited reliability of the receiving and hiddenless of the integration. The methods used. To increase the number of data lines of communication within a hidden channel, with limited reliability of the receiving and hiddenless of the integration by the use method of the hidden information transfer with code consolidation in the video data. The bit error probability of recoverable data is selected as an indicator of the reliability of receiving and the peak of signal to noise ratio is selected as an indicator of stealth integration. The subjective averaged assessment of visual quality video introduced for subjective assessment of the hiddenless of the integration. Novelty: the novel features of the presented method of the hidden information transfer with code consolidation in the video data are using in this method of orthogonal signals Frank Krestensena, Frank Walsh, Walsh ordered Hadamard, Walsh ordered by Paley, M-sequences embedded in the transform coefficients Vilenkin Christenson for generating a hidden channel with code multiple access of the system subscribers. Result. This simulation allows to confirm the adequacy of the method of code division of the data lines of communication within a hidden channel. The simulation results show that for the purposes of the organization code multiple access to the medium of the hidden transmission in the video the best system is the of orthogonal signals Frank Krestensena,s which allows to achieve more reliable transmission of hidden information, less probably of the structure identification of the used signals by likely breaker and resistance from certain types of geometric attacks and video compression. As a point of view of the integration techniques, it was founded that the best bits of binary image-container DCT coefficients in terms of quality and reliability of the integration are 4 and 5 bits. The practical significance. The presented approach are planned for using in the satellite communication systems of digital television for creating the exchange of information hidden in the structure of a video stream.


We analyzed multi-time satellite images of the Central Caucasus glacial zone and interpreted more than thirty rock avalanche events in the 21st century with a total damage area of more than 25 km 2 (including the collapse zone of the Kolka Glacier disaster). The highest rock and rock-ice avalanche activity is detected in the section of The Greater Caucasus range (northern and southern slopes) with a length of about 20 km between the Bashkara and Kulaktau peaks (16 rock avalanches) and in the section of the Kazbek-Dzhimaray Massif (series of rock avalanches to the surface of Kolka, Suatisi and Devdoraki glaciers). The feature of the rock and ice-rock avalanches is the large runout distance. For 12 events (about 40%) the distance was more than 2000 m. One ice-rock avalanche from the Mount Kazbek (excluding the Kolka Glacier disaster in 2002) reached the runout distance more than 10 km. In some areas, the rock avalanches occurred several times. In particular, a large number of avalanches were in the cirque of the Kolka Glacier; the last of them at the end of 2019. Thrice шт each case, rock avalanches originated from Mount Bashkara, in the cirques of the Murkvam Glacier, the East Shtulu Glacier, and the Devdoraki Glacier. Ice and rock avalanches were the initial stage of the complex process of the Kolka Glacier disaster and following catastrophic glacial debris flow in the Genaldon/Gizeldon River valley in 2002. Also, they were causes of glacier surges, formation of dammed lakes, and debris flows. As a result of the collapse of the hanging glacier and bedrock, the former right tributary of the Kolka Glacier surged to 200 m in 2006. Ice-rock avalanche from Mount Kazbek in 2014 load up the former right tributary of the Devdoraki Glacier and caused its advancing in 2015–2019, at a distance of more than 400 m. The avalanches caused catastrophic debris flows in the Amilishka/Kabakhi River valley in 2014, the Mestiachala River valley in 2019. Rock avalanches can cause outbursts of lakes and debris flows. Two dammed lakes formed as a result of the rock avalanche from the cirque above the Seri Glacier in the Tviberi River valley of the in May 2016. The lakes (total area was more than 0.05 km 2 ) have outburst at the end of August 2017 after heavy rains. Rock avalanches of the 20th century led to an abrupt deceleration in the retreat of the Yusengi, Bartuytsete, East Shtulu and Mosota glaciers. The formation of rock avalanches in the 21st century took place at high altitudes (an average of about 3900 m). Possibly, the reason was associated with an increase of the «0» isotherm and of the high border of the zone of intense frost weathering due to climate warming. Some rock avalanches in the section of the Kazbek-Dzhimarai Massif have been caused by endogenous factors (seismicity and volcanism).


OBJECTIVE
Although dysfunction of the sensory systems in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been reported, the clinical characteristics of such cases still remain unknown. We therefore performed a clinico-electrophysiological analysis of sporadic ALS patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twelve ALS patients (aged 36-66 years), who had their somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) evaluated, were reviewed and their clinical characteristics were delineated. In addition, needle EMG, sensory nerve conduction velocities, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and cervical MRI or plain X-ray of the neck were also recorded.

RESULTS
Three cases were segregated from the other 9 patients because of predominant upper motor neuron signs with pseudobulbar palsy and abnormal posterior tibial nerve and/or median nerve SEPs. The MEPs were also abnormal in these 3 patients and the brainstem auditory evoked potentials were abnormal in one patient. EMG revealed less involvement in the lower motor neurons.

CONCLUSION
Sporadic ALS with a predominant upper motor neuron sign and also demonstrating pseudobulbar palsy with abnormal SEPs, may therefore form a clinical subtype of ALS.


Abstract When a multidirectional composite laminate is subjected to in plane static or fatigue tensile loading, matrix cracks parallel to the fibres appear in the off axis plies long before catastrophic failure. Matrix cracking significantly reduces the laminate stiffness properties and triggers development of other harmful resin dominated damage modes such as delaminations. Concurrent matrix cracking in the adjacent off axis plies is an extremely complex problem to model analytically and has been analysed mostly using finite element methods. The present paper is concerned with the theoretical modelling of stiffness reduction in cracked angleply [θ1 /θ2 ]s laminates subjected to multiaxial in plane loading. A new approach based on the equivalent constraint model of the damaged ply and an improved two-dimensional shear lag method has been applied to model matrix cracking in angleply [θ1 /θ2 ]s laminates. Stresses in the cracked ply are determined from a system of two coupled ordinary differential equations and used to calculate the in situ damage effective functions, which describe the stiffness loss. For angleply [±θ ]s laminates with a cracked midlayer, it is found that the reduction due to matrix cracking of the laminate axial and transverse moduli is more significant than in crossply laminates, while for the shear modulus, the opposite is true. Matrix cracking in such laminates can result in an increase in the Poisson's ratio – a phenomenon not observed in crossply [0/90]s laminates. In addition, matrix cracking in angleply [±θ ]s laminates introduces coupling between extension and shear.


Long-chained hypervalent iodine benzyne precursors bearing ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl groups were synthesized, respectively. As the alkyl chain of the benzyne precursors is lengthened, the solubility in nonpolar organic solvents and the yield of the benzyne adduct with furan gradually increases.


Defendants Pfizer Inc. ("Pfizer") and Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC ("Pharmacia & Upjohn") (collectively, "the Pfizer entities") submit this opposition to Plaintiffs' motions for transfer and coordination or consolidation under 28 U.S.C


INTRODUCTION 459 I. THE POLITICS OF INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN 462 II. THE DATA 469 III. EXPLAINING THE DATA: PARTY POLARIZATION, COMMISSIONER TURNOVER, AND THE APPOINTMENT OF PARTY LOYALISTS 477 IV. CONCLUSION: HOW PARTY POLARIZATION CONTRIBUTES TO PRESIDENTIAL CONTROL OF INDEPENDENT AGENCIES 491


Embedding space attractors of Determining Chaos Theory is applied to analyze instantaneous heat transfer time series in the dense phase of circulating fluidized bed. The influence of gas solid two phase flow oil instantaneous heat transfer is discussed, and the attractors under different gas velocity are presented.


In an attempt to distinguish between ionic and free radical mechanisms for the photorearrangement of azoxybenzene to 2-hydroxyazobenzene, aromatic azoxycompounds carrying C—H functions ortho to the azoxy linkage have been prepared and irradiated. The failure of these weaker C—H bonds to divert the reaction from its normal course argues against a hydrogen abstraction–hydroxyl transfer mechanism. This conclusion is supported by the observation of a 30-fold increase in quantum yield for 2-hydroxyazobenzene formation on changing from a non-polar to a polar solvent and by the kinetic deuterium isotope effect, which is too small for the primary isotope effect required by the abstraction mechanism. It is concluded that the experimental observations to date may most easily be accommodated in the route originally proposed by Badger and Buttery, where the rearrangement is seen as a substitution by oxygen at the ortho ring carbon.


This study made an analysis of the periods of annual precipitation and annual natural runoff in Wu river area by using morlet wavelet transform.The results showed that from 1956 to 2000,the rainfall and runoff of Wu river area changed moderately,but the increasing rate of runoff was larger than that of the rainfall.Both rainfall and runoff had obviously periodic patterns.The major periods of rainfall change were about 41 years,25 years,11 years and 5 years,25 year period was general.The periods of runoff change were about 40 years,25 years,16 years and 6 years,25 year period was also general.The results were tested by wavelet variance and found mainly affected by solar activity.The results are helpful to rational use of water resources and resolution of seasonal drought in Wu river area.


During the archaeological research conducted in 2019 under the project "The Former Headquarters of the Gestapo and the Communist Provincial Office of Public Security in Anstadt Avenue in Łódź. Interdisciplinary Site Research" under the supervision of Dr Olgierd Ławrynowicz, an object filled with products on a paper base and bookbinding materials was found in one of the excavations. This paper attempts to clarify the chronology of paper products and to identify their type (typescripts, prints of monetary value, books, bookbinding materials, arrangement drawings, other paper products) and the material used. The visible content was identified using basic research methods and digital photographic documentation of it was made to preserve it.


The multiplicity and relative intensity of LO phonon lines observed in resonant Raman scattering experiments on Group II–VI semiconductors are analyzed in terms of a configuration coordinate model for excitons and exciton complexes.


The objective of this article is to analize the fundamental right a mapuche indian has to use his own language in an oral judgment. It means he will have the right to choose if


T he defining feature of contemporary international politics is the global power struggle taking place at the intersection of technology and geopolitics. This power struggle has given way to a new 'tech cold war' between the United States and China. While the United States remains at the forefront of technological innovations, China has through decades of investment in gaining technological knowhow—at times through questionable means as well as through research and development—begun to compete with the best in the world. The quest for technological innovation and gaining an edge over competitors, however, does not remain confined to the United States and China, as other big and middle powers too have indulged in the struggle for acquiring advance technology both through technology transfer and innovation. There is a growing set of literature, coming especially from the United States, that tends to project this quest for technological superiority into the Cold War paradigm of bloc politics and struggle between democracies and authoritarian States for upholding the liberal international order. Jacob Helberg's The Wires of War: Technology and the Global Struggle for Power is one such work that divides the world into the two camps focused on a rather self-fulfilling prophecy of a tech cold war. Helberg's book essentially revolves around two competing narratives around technology: one, the United States' liberal democratic narrative; and the other of the China–Russia authoritarian narrative. According to the author, the authoritarian techno bloc, which is characterised by opaqueness, centralisation, technology-based mass surveillance, State-sponsored attacks on democratic political systems and disinformation warfare, is an existential threat to the liberal democracies and the liberal international order. Helberg argues that today there is a war happening between liberal democracies and authoritarian States. This war is not a direct/hot war but an ambiguous, asymmetrical, indirect 'grey' war. He explains this grey war taking place at two levels; one is the battle for data and information including software, and the other is the quest for hardware and technological infrastructure like undersea cables and so on (p.19). Although the idea of a 'grey war' is not new and has been part of military strategies for a long time, it was a key feature of the Cold War period wherein the Strategic Analysis, 2023 Vol. 47, No. 2, 177–179, https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2023.2191418


Ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) is one of the major techniques for preparing highly textured templates for YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) coated conductors. In most applications so far IBAD-MgO has been used. TiN is an alternative material for the IBAD process showing a textured nucleation similar to MgO. Different amorphous or nanocrystalline seed layers such as Al2O3, Y2O3 or Ta0.75Ni0.25 were found to be suitable for achieving strong cube textures in film thicknesses below 10 nm using reactive ion-beam assisted pulsed laser deposition. The biaxial texture was preserved to a higher thickness using homoepitaxial growth at higher temperatures. Different buffer layer architectures based on IBAD-TiN have been developed on Hastelloy substrates. An electrically conducting buffer layer stack was realized using a double layer of Au and Ir with a final Nb-doped SrTiO3 cap layer, enabling the epitaxial growth of YBCO on top. Alternatively, a robust simplified buffer architecture was studied using SrZrO3 directly on TiN, leading to highly textured YBCO layers.


Abstract Finding a reliable, practical and low-cost criterion-referenced standard setting method for performance-based assessments has proved challenging. The borderline regression method of standard setting for OSCEs has been shown to estimate reliable scores in studies using faculty as raters. Standardized patients (SPs) have been shown to be reliable OSCE raters but have not been evaluated as raters using this standard setting method. Our study sought to find whether SPs could be reliably used as sole raters in an OSCE of clinical encounters using the borderline regression standard setting method. SPs were trained for on a five-point global rating scale. In an OSCE for medical students, SPs completed skills checklists and the global rating scale. The borderline regression method was used to create case passing scores. We estimated the dependability of the final pass or fail decisions and the absolute dependability coefficients for global ratings, checklist scores, and case pass-score decisions using generalizability theory. The overall dependability estimate is 0.92 for pass or fail decisions for the complete OSCE. Dependability coefficients (0.70–0.86) of individual case passing scores range demonstrated high dependability. Based on our findings, the borderline regression method of standard setting can be used with SPs as sole raters in a medical student OSCE to produce a dependable passing score. For those already using SPs as raters, this can provide a practical criterion-referenced standard setting method for no additional cost or faculty time.


Availability of tropical forages has been and continues to be a major factor of impact to improve animal production and agricultural productivity in the tropics including marginal conditions, and quality protein shares in human diets, while their potential effects on the environment and industrial utilization are largely unexplored. It is estimated that for Colombia alone the socio-economic impact of using new options of forages, namely the African grasses Brachiaria, in 1994-2001 has been US$ 189 millions (CIAT 2002). On October 16, 2006, CIAT and ILRI have celebrated an agreement with the Governing Body of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Through it, they maintain available to the world community as international public goods 41,801 accessions of tropical forages, for a total of 2,111 different plant species, all of tropical and sub-tropical origin. The user target and regional focus of their respective research activities at CIAT and ILRI over the last decades have resulted in two very diverse collections being assembled (Maass et al., 1997). The collections include in major proportions accessions of tropical grasses and legumes (above 6,000 and 35,000, respectively). These collections complement each other botanically (728 taxa at CIAT and 1,750 taxa at ILRI, and only 367 species shared) and ecologically (CIAT maintains only 1,105 accessions (5% of CIAT collection) from original sites above 1,400 meters above sea level, while ILRI has more than 4,000 accessions (21% of ILRI collection) from above 1,400 masl). Apart from the well-known forages for the tropics (e.g. Brachiaria, Centrosema, Desmodium, Stylosanthes), the collections provide unexpected success stories. Cratylia (Figure 1) has been one of them: collected in Brazil in the 1980s, it has made a breakthrough as highly tolerant to drought in Central America when 'El Niño' hit that region fifteen years later! Uses are so diverse that women of Ethiopia can find in the grass collection of ILRI the raw material for their handicraft basketry (Figure 2). These collections have been widely used by the programmes of the respective Centers, but almost to an equal level by external partners (Figure 3). As the Genetic Resources Units do not know in advance which forage material would be requested, the distribution service thus implies the 'shelf availability', namely that the materials have been checked for seed viability and germplasm health. As expected, the main purpose of the utilization has been in agronomic trials for adaptation and production of quality dry matter, with the National Agricultural Research Systems being the main recipients (Figure 4) (also Hanson & Peters, 2003). University departments obtain significant amounts of materials too, in order to advance many basic research works in plant and nutrition sciences. Since breeding is concentrated on only a few species, direct use of forage species has been overwhelming (Figure 5). Whilst the host countries are the principal recipients of materials, other countries also receive materials; interestingly, the top five recipients represent all together less than or about half of the total shipped outside (Figure 6). Given the current status of tropical forages in the International Treaty, it is anticipated that these two collections will be key in the distribution of well-documented germplasm in the near future.


Background: The association of low adiponectin concentration and type 2 diabetes is well studied but the association of adiponectin with prediabetes is still unresolved. Data from Bangladeshi population shows that both insulin secretory defect and insulin resistance are present in T2DM subjects, but the secretory defects seem to have a predominant role. In a search for the downward factors regulating the basic defects attention has also been focused to inflammatory markers and adipocytokines. Adiponectin is one of the major targets for such studies and few studies have already been conducted on the association of adiponectin with prediabetes in our population. Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate adiponectin level in subjects with pre-diabetes and to compare it with the levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and healthy (normal glucose tolerance) subjects. Method: It was an observational analytic study with a group compare design. The study was conducted in the Biomedical Research Group and Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology of the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka. This study was done during the period of July 2012 to June 2013. Results: IGT and Controls subjects were age and BMI matched. Mean (±SD) age of Control, IGT and T2DM subjects were 38.75±8.40, 42.71±7.65 and 44.61±7.00 years respectively. Age of T2DM subjects were higher compared to controls (p=0.022). Mean (SD) BMI of the Control, IGT and T2DM subjects were 20.53±2.43, 20.89±2.22 and 21.14±2.23 respectively. Conclusion: From our study we can conclude that, type 2 DM subjects have lower adiponectin level compared to controls. Prediabetic subjects do not have lower adiponectin level, but they have a lower adiponectin- glucose ratio compared to controls.


In this paper we develop an adaptive matched filter for detection of signals embedded in nonwhite noise. This filter is based on minimization of the difference between signal autocorrelation and the signal-to-image cross-correlation function filtered accordingly. Our results show this filter lies somewhere between the optimal filter and worst-case detection performance—the latter being evaluated by standard receiver operating characteristic methods.


THE NONLINEAR characteristics of rectangular-hysteresis-loop magnetic cores have often been usefully combined with the nonlinear large-signal characteristics of transistors. A particularly fruitful combination is the magnetic-coupled multivibrator in which two switching transistors are combined with suitable windings on a single square-loop core.1–3 A significant contribution to this class of square-wave inverters is found in the work of R. L. Van Allen,4 who employed two square-loop cores to control output frequency. These cores were made to operate on asymmetrical minor loops by means of a bias from a constant current source. More recently, W. A. Geyger5 obtained variable frequency characteristics in a magnetic-coupled multivibrator by employing a saturable reactor controlled by an autotransformer in parallel with the load. Since these various magnetically coupled multivibrators have been thoroughly analyzed and discussed in the literature, their operation will not be reviewed in this paper.


We developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk models based on validated environmental factors (E), genetic risk scores (GRS), and gene–environment interactions (GEI) to identify factors that can improve accuracy and reclassification.


A novel framework and integration scheme has been developed to implement a secant-based homogenization theory for particle-reinforced plasticity into an existing damage-based constitutive model, the well known Gurson-Tvergaard (GT) model. In this approach, the material is treated as a three-phase composite composed of voids and particles embedded in a ductile matrix. Two successive homogenization theories (damage- and particle-based) are then applied to determine the macro-mechanical response of the material as well as the average stress state within the constituents as a function of the particle shape, composition, and volume fraction. By identifying the stress state within the particles and the matrix, void nucleation can be accurately represented and the void growth and coalescence models are improved through knowledge of the stress state within the matrix. The performance of the coupled model is evaluated using a model aluminum alloy. A parametric study is performed to elucidate the influence of the second-phase particles and their shape on damage evolution and ductile fracture.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Bcl-2 protein has been identified as a potential therapeutic target of cancer. Many inhibitors which target the protein have been developed. Here, we investigated the interaction between porphyrin conjugated with anthraquinone group with variation on meso substituent either pyrazolium or pyridine, and Bcl-2 using computational molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina, while MD simulation of 50 ns was conducted using AMBER16. Our study indicates that the designed compounds interacted with crucial residues of Bcl-2 active site. Prediction of binding free energy by MM-PBSA method shows that mono-H2PzP-AQ has comparable affinity with that of cognate ligand, 1XJ. Additionally, porphyrin binding was mainly supported by electrostatic and van der Waals energies.


Objective To compare laparoscopy and laparotomy in patients with gastric cancer surgery and postoperative recovery of immune function.Methods Selected laparoscopic gastric cancer patients as laparoscopic group from January 2008 to January 2011 routine,and selected the same time 35 gastric cancer patients undergoing routine abdominal laparotomy group as compared postoperative recovery and immune function,postoperative complications.Results Laparoscopic group after bed time,discharge time,the first feeding time,postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparotomy group(P 0.05).1d postoperative peripheral blood CD4+(%),CD8+(%),CD4+/CD8+ than before surgery were significantly lower(P 0.05).7d after laparoscopic patients quickly recovered to close to the target level before surgery,and laparotomy group 7d after a sustained low level.Patients after the index laparotomy group were significantly lower than 3,7 d laparoscopic group(P 0.05).After 1 day,3 days,7 days two groups of white blood cell count was significantly lower than before surgery,and laparoscopic group than in the laparotomy group decreased more significantly(P 0.05).Abdominal group the incidence of complications was significantly lower than the laparotomy group(P 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in patients with gastric cancer compared with abdominal surgery and rapid recovery of immune function in patients with gastric cancer is small,fewer complications,should be widely promoted and applied.


Abstract Ophelia, Shakespeare's most tragic heroine, seems to be the character who has generated much more enthusiasm on the part of visual artists than on the part of literary critics. Consequently, there are a high number of artefacts, produced starting with the nineteenth century, which have been inspired by Hamlet's unfortunate bride. Of this assortment of artefacts, we have picked some to deal with here. In analysing them, we survey through the history of the heroine's representation in various visual media, comment on them from the point of view of intersemiotic translation, and verify, in broad lines, the hypothesis that they may be tributary to a number of factors ranging from some connected to the artist's own identity and subjective interpretation of the original to factors connected to more general stereotypes, beliefs, attitudes, and socio-cultural trends.


A terminal is robbery, or is lost or stolen, a serious fraud to avoid the losses caused by that occurs in the settlement for the user terminal. Further, to provide a more flexible payment system. The present invention discloses a smart card remote control method and system. The method by the smart card management platform, the user receives the destruction request of the smart card (S101), via a mobile network platform, performs signal interaction with the terminal side performs the destruction of the smart card It controls the terminal side as shown (S103). .FIELD 1


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week TRX suspension training and instrument resistance training on dorsal muscle strength and isometric muscle endurance of police college students. Thirty male students from Nanjing Forest Police College were randomly divided into TRX suspension training group (TRX group) and ART training group (ART group). Each group received a 90-minute training course twice a week for 12 weeks. The dorsal muscle strength and isometric muscle endurance of all subjects were tested before and after training. After statistical analysis of T test of dependent samples, it was found that the dorsal muscle strength in TRX suspension training group was significantly improved and the dorsal muscle strength in instrument resistance training group was also significantly improved. This study believes that TRX training can effectively train muscles in the dorsal muscle, which is a beneficial attempt and an effective supplement to the traditional physical training methods. Keywords—Police college; TRX; Dorsal strength; Isometric muscle endurance


This article discusses wills of indigenous women as one of the ethnohistorical sources that provide important information about the survival of pre-Hispanic traditions in the colonial period. The information found in the testamentary dispositions, compared with archaeological evidence, allows to analyze different goods of both European and indigenous origin by geographical, strategic and economic value.


A 63-year-old man had a 5-week history of a constant right-sided pulsating headache that was initially temporo-parietal but migrated to the suboccipital area. This was associated with new-onset of dysarthria. On examination, there was deviation of the tongue to the right, and the right-side had a wasted surface appearance, despite what he described as 'wave-like' prominence when looking at his tongue in the mirror (figure 1A). The remaining examination was normal.

Figure 1
Clear right-sided tongue deviation on protrusion with right-sided wasting (A). Electromyography showing myokymia, comprising highly polyphasic units suggesting mild-to-moderate partial denervation of the right side of the tongue (B).

Routine laboratory tests and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were normal. MR scan of brain and internal auditory meatuses showed a cystic lesion in the right hypoglossal canal, appearing to abut the right 12th cranial nerve and to …


In January 2010, a devastating earthquake in Haiti destroyed several concrete and masonry structures, killed more than 200,000 people, and left thousands of families homeless. As part of the relief work, U.S. non-profit organizations have built replacement homes in areas severely hit by the earthquake. Considering the vast availability of post-earthquake rubble, a house built with walls comprised of welded wire baskets filled with loose rubble seemed to be an inexpensive and immediate solution for the needy. Conscience International, Inc. has used a unique construction technique and built more than 70 rubble houses over the last few years. In August 2011, Southern Polytechnic State University (SPSU,) in collaboration with Conscience International, Inc. (CI), initiated a preliminary research effort to assess the seismic resistance of such rubble houses. The first phase of this research project was to build a full-scale (14 ft. wide, 20 ft. long and 8 ft. tall) rubble house and subject it to static load testing. The project started under the limited sponsorship of both parties and largely depended on donations, student volunteers and unpaid faculty time. In order to increase exposure to the university community and promote student involvement, a full-scale rubble house was built in the middle of SPSU campus. More than 600 hours of engineering and non-engineering student labor time were spent on the construction. This paper focuses on undergraduate student involvement during the construction and testing phases. Results of a survey administered among student volunteers are also presented. It appears that volunteers enjoyed this humanitarian hands-on project and many expressed a strong desire to see similar opportunities on the campus in the future. Overall, the project has made a positive impact on students' approach to community issues, interest in volunteer activities, and teamwork skills.


Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF), one of the fibroosseous lesions is an uncommon clinical entity and involving both jaw is even rarer. Here, we present the case of a 15-year-old female patient with synchronous occurrence of JOF in the right sided maxilla and in the periapical area of mandibular right premolar molar region. After the clinical, radiographical and histopathological examination, the surgical treatment was carried out and the patient was kept under long term follow up. Owning to its aggressive local behaviour and high recurrence, early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and long term regular follow up are of prime importance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10867 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 54-57


The invention discloses to a pressing molder, relative production of its pressure head and optical element. Wherein, when pressing the molding mould, first, using the first pressure head (11) to compress the main body mould (4) on the support surface (23) (reference surface) of flange (22) of lower mould (2), to process the positioning between the main body mould (4) and the lower mould (2); withsaid positioning state, using the second pressure head (12) to support the upper mould (3) to compress and mold the molding blank (w); when the molding blank (w) is pressed molded, non-incline fixingthe main body mould (4) and lower mould (2) and fixing the first pressure head (11), therefore, the second pressure head (12) that guided by the first pressure head (11) can non-incline compress upper mould (3), and the relative incline between upper and lower moulds (3, 2) can be restrained; the invention can be used to produce the optical element with high shape accuracy.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has attracted a lot of attention in the recent past. WSNs have a lot of application in robotics such as path planning, mapping, localization and mapping inversely robots are also being widely used in solving WSNs problems like node localization, providing mobile battery chargers, data aggregation and detecting and reacting to sensor failure. WSNs offer an economical, flexible, scalable and pragmatic solution in many situations but they do have certain constraints e.g. limited non-rechargeable energy resource, small memory /computational ability and low transmitter power. However the most critical is the energy resource as once the battery power is depleted, the node is no longer usable. Hence it is extremely important to adopt strategies that would conserve energy. In this research work a new routing scheme has been proposed that makes use of the heterogeneity of the network, inter-nodal distances and distances of nodes from the sink, while assigning specific roles to the designated nodes. The proposed scheme thus selects an optimum path, with appropriate number of node-BS links, for carrying the data to the sink in each round. To compare the scheme with other existing protocols simulations have been performed and the results show that the proposed scheme offers better performance in terms of energy efficiency with network-stability, lifespan and quality of network.


Electromagnetic concepts are abstract, difficult and complex concepts. There are diverse conceptions understood and knowledge structure by students in learning the electromagnetic concept. This study aims to explore, reveal, perform categorization and describe the students' conception and knowledge structure on electromagnetic concepts. The method used in this study was qualitative descriptive. The subjects of this research were 26 third-year physic education students at Jambi University. Data collection have been done by essay test and interview. Instruments essay test referred and adaptation to test models of Electromagnetism Concept Inventory (EMCI), those include sub-concepts of Electrostatic, Magnetism, Electromagnetic induction and Electromagnetic waves. The analysis of students' conceptions illustrates tend to be on the scale of '1' in electrostatic, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic wave sub-concepts. In the sub-concepts of the magnetostatic, students' conception spread between the scale of '2' and '3'. Most of the students' knowledge structures situated in the category lack of local coherence and local coherence for every sub-concepts. There is also another knowledge structures in every sub-concepts which are the category of none structure.


In the continuing search for good sorbent materials to remove sulfur from hot, coal-derived gases, zinc titanate sorbents have shown great promise. The objective of this project is to extend the work of prior investigators by developing improvements in the compressive strength and, therefore, the cycle life of these sorbents without a significant loss in chemical reactivity. During the third quarter, the preparation and properties of sorbents with a nominal composition of 50% Zn{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} and 50% TiO{sub 2} were studied. In differential thermogravimetric tests of reactivity, specimens sintered at 850 and 900{degrees}C both gave two identical sulfidation-regeneration cycles. Specimens sintered at lower temperatures showed evidence of degradation during the second cycle. Materials of this composition had lower crush strengths than for the composition 75% Zn{sub 2}TiO{sub 4} -- 25% TiO{sub 2} reported earlier, but higher values than reported by other investigators. Future work will include the preparation and properties of a lot of material with a coarser structure and larger pores, and microscopic studies on all three lots of material.


This article discusses reuse of software product.It analyses the problems and shortcomings of PowerBuilder language in database application programming, presents two ways to improve it,and offers the solution scheme and algorithmic code.


A Hilo-born woman discusses her father, a poultry storeowner and herbalist; Mamo Street neighborhood; education; and motherhood. She describes running from the 1946 tsunami while holding a child, with her siblings and parents, just ahead of the wall of water. She also remembers the search for her parents who were trapped in their store in the 1960 tsunami, but who somehow survived the ordeal.


Funnel-and-gate{trademark} systems are gaining attention, not necessarily because they speed up the remediation process, but because their use recognizes the limitations of groundwater cleanup programs and factors these limitations into minimizing the lifetime costs of implementing remedial actions. The term funnel-and-gate refers to the installation of low-permeability barriers downgradient of impacted groundwater which are arranged so as to direct the flow of the groundwater through treatment gates. The flow through the treatment gates is driven by natural groundwater gradients, eliminating extraction pumps and above-ground treatment systems. The treatment gates are designed specifically to treat the contamination in the groundwater that will flow through the gates. Funnel-and-gate{trademark} systems attempt to eliminate or at least minimize mechanical systems, thereby reducing the long-term operation and maintenance costs that so often drive up the lifetime costs of remedial projects. Long-term operation and maintenance costs are reduced because the site does not need a continuous input of energy or manpower. In addition, groundwater monitoring and system compliance issues can be streamlined for even greater cost savings. Since it is a developing technology, there are few commercial applications where funnel-and-gate{trademark} systems have been proven. Concurrent with groundwater investigations, a number of remedial actions had been undertakenmore » at a property in California. Underground storage tanks which contain diesel fuels were excavated and removed. A former dry well suspected of being the source of chlorinated-solvent impacts was also excavated.« less


Competency mapping is one of the leading HRM initiatives of identifying the skills necessary for performing in a job. In this study we have focused on identifying the skills for IT professionals and analyzing the effect of those skills on their performance at workplace. This is an exploratory study which utilizes both qualitative and quantitative approach of problem solving. The qualitative research through literature review had helped us in building the foundation for the quantitative assessment. It is a sample survey research where the objectives and hypotheses were designed only after performing thorough review of literature. The statistical assessment of the recorded responses had been done in order to prove our hypotheses which were framed in the beginning. The results and their discussion had helped us in believing more strongly over the application of competency mapping within the industry. This study also laid the path for future researchers and scope of the same in the Indian IT industry.


This article addresses current issues and trends related to teacher candidate recruitment in physical education teacher education programs. It highlights the efforts of program leaders in three different higher education institutions to recruit and retain well-qualified physical education majors. The key lessons learned from these cases serve as a catalyst for discussion regarding resource stewardship, organizational efforts, program branding and outreach, and outside-the-box thinking.


The adsorption of DOS syntan and the sulphosalicylic acid derivative by nylon 6 is studied.

The colour fastness properties of dyeings produced in a one–bath and a two–bath system using these two chemicals are compared. Experimental results show that the sulphosalicylic acid derivative could be acting as a levelling agent, offering very little competition to uptake of DOS syntan by nylon 6 in the one–bath system.


Experience over several years with on-line monitoring of steam turbines, supported by relevant laboratory studies, has led to a clearer understanding of the conditions under which acoustic emission (AE) due to turbine shaft cracking can be detected. To overcome problems associated with the noisy environment, efforts have been directed at improving the AE signal discrimination capabilities of the monitoring electronics. These efforts have been guided by extensive measurements of the amplitude, frequency and time dependence of normal turbine noises in a variety of operating conditions. Similar measurements have been made in the laboratory to determine the characteristics of AE due to crack growth in rotor steels with several loading conditions and temperatures. Along with determinations of the attenuation and wave propagation characteristics of simulated AE in the rotor shafts, these measurements have permitted estimates of the detectability of AE due to crack growth under various conditions, should it occur. An essential part of the proposed monitoring will be determining the source locations and characteristics of ''normal'' operating noise and developing time histories of these sources so that when ''abnormal'' crack growth AE occurs, it will be recognized. The time histories of the ''normal'' operating noises may also reveal other potentiallymore » damaging conditions such as lubricating oil contamination, bearing wear, out-of-balance condition, loose turbine disks, blade cracking or rubbing and impingement of exfoliation particles or water droplets, each of which is known or expected to have a characteristic acoustic signature. 17 refs., 23 figs., 8 tabs.« less


In this study, daily streamflow data of 35 years records and water quality data were investigated to determine Lake Guiers hydrologic alteration within its ecosystem. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA) was used to quantify the modification of the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) and the trophic State Indices (TSIs) was calculated to characterize the eutrophication level. Results show that the flow pattern at Lake Guiers is reversed from the pre-impact with high alteration on most of indicators. These changes on flow have greater impacts on the lake ecological functioning and on water quality. The trophic State Indices (TSIs) of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) indicate respectively a eutrophic and hypereutrophic state. Lake Guiers hydrological alteration endangers its ecological integrity. Its restoration requires more than ever reconciling economic needs and ecological requirement.


− A new phenol and hydrazide derivatives were obtained for the first time from the C. giganteawhite by silica gel column chromatography. The structure of the isolated compounds was identified by UV, IR NMR and MS. C. gigantea was scientifically reported for several medicinal properties viz. analgesic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic. In this screening work, anti-microbial activity of test compounds was found to be active against all organisms. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity of the test groups has reduced the thickness of edema of the hind paw compared to the control group. Keywords−Calotropis gigantea white, anti-microbial activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, 4-methoxy-3-(methoxymethyl) phenol, (E)-N'-(5-bromo-2-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methoxy benzohydrazide


Abstract A comprehensive study of data helpful in the design of filters for thermal neutron radiography has been undertaken. Many existing or proposed facilities might benefit from optimization of temporary or permanent filters designed to transmit thermal neutrons, attenuate fast neutrons, attenuate gamma, and soften the Maxwellian spectrum to maximize detail contrast. Each situation will require a different filter design, but in each case the design should consider directly measured filter data, rather than relying on fundamental cross section libraries and computer calculations. A review of measured data shows that quasi-single crystal sapphire (Al203) at ambient temperature can perform better than liquid nitrogen cooled silicon (Si), quartz (Si02) and bismuth (Bi) for discrimination between thermal and fast neutrons or for softening the Maxwellian spectrum. If discrimination against gamma radiation is also needed measurements for bismuth showing thermal neutron transmission, which is poor relative to Al2O3 should be considered. The use of thick bismuth filter cooled by liquid nitrogen is found to be attractive primarily for cold neutron beam optimization, not for thermal neutron beams. Single crystal lead fluoride (PbF2) is an alternative to quasi-single crystal bismuth in those situations that demand gamma reduction.


The current study was framed to evaluate the anti diabetic activity of falvonoids isolated from the leaves and rhizomes of Rhus mysorensis. Anti diabetic effects of these flavonoids were screened using in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro anti diabetic activity was screened using enzyme assay. The in vivo anti diabetic activity was screened in albino diabetic induced rats. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by the isolated compounds were found in concentration dependent manner. The high inhibition was found at 150 mg/mL concentration. Among the compounds screened, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one and 5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one showed significant enzyme inhibitory effects. the fasting blood glucose levels are increased 0 hour to 7 days of treatment. Animals of the groups VII, VIII, IX, XIII, XIV, XV (Diabetic control +2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one and 5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl4H-chromen-4-one at 100, 150, 200 mg/mL) significant reduction in the blood glucose levels after prolonged treatment (P<0.001). we noticed that compounds 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one and 5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one started to reduce the glucose levels significantly from 14 days of treatment was comparable to blood glucose levels of animals treated with standard drug glibenclamide.


For this assignment, you will gain a basic understanding of the services and resources provided by the MCTC Libraries. To complete the assignment, you will need to read through all the tabs/pages in this tutorial and take the library quiz on the last page On this page you will find a video to watch about using library resources and services, as well as campus library hours.


In this proposed design it mainly includes USB 3.0, LTSSM. The Link Training and Status State Machine (LTSSM) have downstream and upstream ports. Transitions of all 12 link states and their subs -states of both downstream and upstream have been designed. The proposed model is implemented using Verilog HDL. Proposed model in this paper has been verified using SystemVerilog.


A third possible arrangement for the HRT fuel solution evaporator is shown. For this system, the evaporation is presumed to occur in 2 inclined 4-in. schedule 40 stainless steel steam-jacketed pipes supported below the inner dump tanks. In addition to its primary functions, the arrangement should also tend to keep the fuel solution in the dump tanks agitated. General specifications for the evaporator are listed. (W.L.H.)


The Perspectives section of Ethics & Behavior appears on an occasional basis and is intended to allow the authors to describe, in the first person, an ethical dilemma they have faced through no fault of their own in the course of their careers. Although textbook and academic descriptions of ethical conflicts and solutions are the usual foundation of ethics training, they may obfuscate the very real anguish and turmoil inherent in facing real conflicts. This section allows readers to peek into what it is like to face ethical conflicts, make choices, and live with the consequences through firsthand accounts. In this case, Dr. Newcom describes his response to facing a conflict between his dedication to patient care and changes in role demands at a modern medical school. We invite our readership to submit accounts of their own ethical conundrums for this occasionally published section to Daniel E. Shapiro, PhD, Consulting Editor, Ethics & Behavior, Box 245002, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724.


Neuropharmacology is an integral part of almost all areas of neurological practice. An increasing number of drugs are available for the treatment of neurological and other diseases and knowledge of their indications, modes of action, interactions, and adverse effects are fundamental to the care of our patients. This supplement does not aim to be comprehensive in covering all these aspects of neuropharmacology, many of which are discussed in earlier supplements covering specific areas on neurology, but rather to bring together a series of focused articles of practical value.

In this issue of Neurology …


Absolute hardness calculated by the MNDO method has been shown to be a good measure of aromaticity for 14 benzenoid hydrocarbons. Comparisons among hardnesses at different levels of approximation are given. The parallelism of the aromaticity and hardness concepts in benzenoids is elaborated.


An optimal maintenance program for electrical power system components should be based on their reliability. Since, for components characterized by high reliability and cost such as HV circuit breakers, available statistical data are in limited number, a physical model for their ageing is opportune. In the paper a Predictive Maintenance Program (PMP), for determining when a HV circuit‐breaker should be rebuilt, is formalized; it is based upon an adequate stochastic model of electrical wear associated with breaking operations due to system faults. In the model, both fault times and amplitudes are described by means of random variables, in order to deduce a reliability function used as input data for a Bayesian discriminant analysis which dynamically estimates, also in the presence of observation errors, the state of the component, determining the optimal times to perform a maintenance action.


From the system properties,wear and tear and its impact,noise,vibration and oscillation torque,motor insulation dielectric stress,bearing currents,installation and so,the GB/T 21209-2007 of national standard《design and performance guide of inverter power supply cage induction motor》are introduced.This standard has a very good guide to frequency-specific electrical design.


The specific fragment of Pneumococcal surface protein A(PspA)and Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A(PsaA)gene was amplified by PCR from Streptococcus pneumonia 5 and Streptococcus pneumonia 19.The amplified fragnent of PspA and PsaA gene was ligated into pET-27b(+)vector and transformed into BL 21 E.coli for expression and obtain the expressive production of PspA and PsaA.Induced by IPTG,the expression level was as high as 75 % of the total disolube protein.The result showed that the recombinant plasmid could express a specific 75 kDa and 37 kDa fusion protein in E.coli BL 21,which showed the good immunogenicity and a broadly cross reactivity with the other serotypes.


Reclamation is one of the most prominent anthropogenic activities affecting tidal flat morphology and the related ecosystem service. Two representative types of reclamation are upper-flat enclosure and lower-flat enrockment. From a historical perspective, different type of reclamation was adapted in different areas in ancient China. As previous studies on reclamation are often site-specific, the reason that leads to such a difference is unclear. The intertidal dynamic equilibrium theory (DET) provides a comprehensive framework for this quest. Here, we extend the DET with additional effects of reclamation. A model based on DET (DET-ESTMORF) was applied to investigate the impact of reclamation on tidal flats. The model was validated by comparing our results against previous records and observations. Results show that both types of reclamation induce morphological adjustment by enhancing local accretion, which upset the previous equilibrium. Specifically, upper-flat enclosure drives tidal flats into evolution toward wave dominance, whereas lower-flat enrockment causes adjustment toward tidal dominance. Next, the impact of reclamation on tidal flats in different states (prograding or retreating) was investigated. We show that both enclosure and enrockment can induce accretion despite the varying wave climate and sediment supply, with the mean accretion rate raised by 1.8 cm/year and 1.2 cm/year, respectively. However, the resulting profiles are different in shape, especially on retreating flats. Finally, we point out that tidal range and sediment supply are the potential reasons affecting the choice of reclamation types in practices.


We compute the simplest non-trivial Operator Product Expansion of Wilson-'t Hooft loop operators in N=4 and N=2 Super-Yang-Mills theory with gauge group G=PSU(3). This amounts to finding the Euler characters of certain vector bundles, describing electric degrees of freedom of loop operators entering the OPE, over moduli spaces of BPS states in the presence of loop operators.


Unsupervised and semisupervised feature learning has recently emerged as an effective way to reduce the reliance on expensive data collection and annotation for hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis. Existing unsupervised and semisupervised convolutional neural network (CNN)-based HSI classification works still face two challenges: underutilization of pixel-wise multiscale contextual information for feature learning and expensive computational cost, for example, large floating-point operations per seconds (FLOPs), due to the lack of lightweight design. To utilize the unlabeled pixels in the HSIs more efficiently, we propose a self-supervised contrastive efficient asymmetric dilated network (SC-EADNet) for HSI classification. There are two novelties in the SC-EADNet. First, a self-supervised multiscale pixel-wise contextual feature learning model is proposed, which generates multiple patches around each hyperspectral pixel and develops a contrastive learning framework to learn from these patches for HSI classification. Second, a lightweight feature extraction network EADNet, composed of multiple plug-and-play efficient asymmetric dilated convolution (EADC) blocks, is designed and inserted into the contrastive learning framework. The EADC block adopts different dilation rates to capture the spatial information of objects with varying shapes and sizes. Compared with other unsupervised, semisupervised, and supervised learning methods, our SC-EADNet provides competitive classification performance on four hyperspectral datasets, including Indian Pines, Pavia University, Salinas, and Houston 2013, but few FLOPs and fast computational speed.


Abstract: Today's culture of Western Europe has commonly rejected God and Christianity and considers this state of affairs to be the best state conducive to the development of individuals and societies. Among those who have kept faith in the transcendent God, many present the attitude of "God – yes, the Church – no", considering individuality in faith as the best way to happiness. The answer to these extremely common attitudes today is the concept of Analogia Entis by Erich Przywara and its application in reflection on man and the Church. The article considers the vision described in the three-volume interpretation of Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius Loyola published by Przywara and titled Deus semper maior. This work can be called the synthesis of his theology which the author himself describes as the practical application of his analogous method.


Ecological information and educational activities of the Intersettlement Library is discussed. The Library focuses on building responsible attitude of residents toward waste collection and recycling.


QS21 is a natural saponin extracted with water from the bark of endemic trees of South America which has been shown to play a key role as vaccine adjuvant. The aim of this study was to determine if simpler synthetic analogues of QS-21 could induce similar advantageous immune responses. For this purpose we designed and synthesized both the cholestanyland amirinyl-3-ί -O-(ί -D-xylopyranosyl)-(1? 3)-[(ί -D-galactopyranosyl)-(1? 2)]-6-ί -D-glucuronic acid 1 and 2, respectively, by first attaching the glucoside residues to the terpene and then extending the sugar chain. The secretion of the pro-inflammatory cell mediators IL-6 and IL-1, TNF-a and NO and the IgG serum levels after in vivo stimulation of APCs with 1 and 2, were used to assess their adjuvant activity in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 were stronger cytotoxic for murine J744A.1 tumor cells than QS21 and showed less undesired hemolytic activity on red blood cells than QS-21, but did not induce strong cytotoxic CD8 responses after a single injection, while immunization with ovalbumin and QS-21 did. Although synthetic analogues 1 and 2 show good adjuvant activity in vitro it is probably the lack of the aldehyde group and the acyl chain that negatively affects the simplified saponins properties to induce active cytotoxic T cells in mice.


The liquid chromatographic technique was useful for the measurement of adsorption of some nonionic organic solutes on cellulose acetate. It was recognized that there were linear correlations between logarithmic capacity factors measured by HPLC, logk′, and logarithmic 1-octanol: water partition coefficients, logP.


There is a sensor system (S) with a lighting device (1) and a detector device (D) indicated. The lighting device to emit (1, 3) is provided to laser radiation of a first wavelength (L11, L12) and laser radiation of a second, different from the first wavelength (L21, L22). The detector means is adapted to detect electromagnetic radiation of the first and second wavelengths.


The emerging wireless energy transfer technology enables charging sensor batteries in a wireless sensor network (WSN) and maintaining perpetual operation of the network. Recent breakthrough in this area has opened up a new dimension to the design of sensor network protocols. In the meanwhile, mobile data gathering has been considered as an efficient alternative to data relaying in WSNs. However, time variation of recharging rates in wireless rechargeable sensor networks imposes a great challenge in obtaining an optimal data gathering strategy. In this paper, we propose a framework of joint wireless energy replenishment and anchor-point based mobile data gathering (WerMDG) in WSNs by considering various sources of energy consumption and time-varying nature of energy replenishment. To that end, we first determine the anchor point selection strategy and the sequence to visit the anchor points. We then formulate the WerMDG problem into a network utility maximization problem which is constrained by flow, energy balance, link and battery capacity and the bounded sojourn time of the mobile collector. Furthermore, we present a distributed algorithm composed of cross-layer data control, scheduling and routing subalgorithms for each sensor node, and sojourn time allocation subalgorithm for the mobile collector at different anchor points. We also provide the convergence analysis of these subalgorithms. Finally, we implement the WerMDG algorithm in a distributed manner in the NS-2 simulator and give extensive numerical results to verify the convergence of the proposed algorithm and the impact of utility weight, link capacity and recharging rate on network performance.


The paper demonstrates the suitability of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectroscopy to monitor silver coordination of free base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis( 1 -methyl-4-pyridyI) porphyrin adsorbed on the Ag colloidal surface. Our approach based on factor analysis (FA) allows us to analyze t ime development of SERRS spectra in terms of varying content of particular porphyrin forms. Also their SERRS spectra can be isolated even if none of them is present singularly in any SERRS spectrum. Depending on the chemical properties of our systems, SERRS spectra of two different porphyrin metalated forms have been obtained: Ag' and Ag(0) metalated. The latter form has been found to be evoked by pretreatment of the laser-ablated Ag colloids by the thiosulfate ions. The metalation kinetics obtained show a substantially slower metalation by Ag(0) than that by Ag cations. I N T R O D U C T I O N Physico-chemical properties of metal-porphyrin complexes are the focus of interest due to the biological and chemical importance of metalloporphyrins. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surfaceenhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) can provide information on structure of molecules adsorbed on the metal surfaces / I / . In the case of free base porphyrins, a metalation process (i.e. coordination of silver atoms from the silver surface into the porphyrin core) can be observed as a consequence of the direct adsorption of the original free base porphyrin onto the metal substrate. This was first observed at the beginning of the 1980s /2-4/ and reported for various porphyrins in various SERS-active systems including layered structures 151, roughened electrodes 161, silver foil 111, MELLFs (metal liquid-like films) /8/ and colloids /9-I5/. We have previously reported a quantitative method, based on a factor analysis (FA) /13/, capable of monitoring SERRS spectral changes caused by the porphyrin metalation in Ag colloidal systems. FA also allowed SERRS spectra of the two pure porphyrin species present in the system (i.e. free base and metalated


Application through the description of detail in TV program of sports is a important method to set off the subject by contrast. It is also a skill of practice in television interview of sports. It will achieve good results through the description of detail to the fullest.


: The article analyzes the policy and practice of neo-imperialism in the Russian Federation, examines the specificity of Putinizm as a historical challenge posed by the post-Soviet post-colonial elites of the former USSR, in this case, the Ukrainian ones. Existing certain toleration of the culture of the colonizer, inherent in a large number of representatives of the Ukrainian elites, both political, and economic and creative, is one of the hallmarks of their unshakable post-colonialism, which, in turn, hinders the transformation of Ukraine into a modern European civilized state and a full-fledged modern nation. The need for a more determined opposition to the political and ideological influences of the modern Kremlin, its neo-imperial actions, the


PGSFR (Prototype Gen-IV Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor) has adopted a horizontal seismic isolation system. The isolated system has wide range frequency spectrum from a low horizontal isolation frequency to several high structural vibration ones. Usually, the Rayleigh structural damping values are determined by taking into account of all the modes significantly contributing to the vibrations to get the adequate seismic responses. At the frequency outside the range of these two bounding frequencies, the damping will be dramatically increased and the modal responses at the corresponding frequency range will be eliminated. Several seismic time history analyses have been performed for an artificial time history (ATH) earthquake of 0.5g by changing the Rayleigh damping parameters, and the response results are evaluated.


The use of gaseous anaesthetics and vapours for narcosis in operating theatres means that inevitably some fraction of these is breathed by the surgical team. The amount will depend on the anaesthetic method, the duration of the operation, and the condition of the equipment used for anaesthesia and for overall ventilation. The greatest concentrations of anaesthetics are found in the working zone of the anaesthetist, then the surgeon and the scrub nurse. Until the middle of the 1960s there was little interest in air quality in operating theatres and the occupational effect of waste anaesthetic agents on the surgical team. The situation has improved considerably since then and many studies have now been carried out. The inhalation of even low levels of these various compounds has been shown to have toxic effects. Regular occupational exposure to anaesthetics is especially dangerous for pregnant women. There is a risk of abortion and of babies born with congenital abnormalities. Prophylactic measures must be directed to monitoring (environmental, biological, medical), engineering controls and work practices. Well-designed low-leakage anaesthesia equipment and scavenging systems are needed. Air conditioning systems in operating theatres should be designed using vertical laminar flow systems of ventilation instead of horizontal ones. Proper work practices employed by the anaesthetist are very important.


Methylene Blue (MB+) is a sensitizer that has been used for a variety of applications including energy conversion and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although its photochemical properties in isotropic solution are well established, its effect in vivo and in restricted reaction environments is somewhat erratic. In order to understand its photochemical behavior when it interacts with biomolecules, in particular with membranes, MB+ properties were studied in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solutions. Because of an electrostatic attraction, SDS and MB+ form complexes, changing the properties of both the micelles and the MB+ solutions. Surface tension measurements show that the c.m.c. of SDS decreases from ∼7 mM to ∼70 μM when the MB+ concentration increases from 0 to 45 μM. Above the c.m.c., binding of
MB+ in the micelle pseudo-phase causes the formation of aggregates (mostly dimers) as attested by the increase in the absorption at 580 nm and the decrease in fluorescence emission. The extent of dimer formation is dependent on the relative concentrations of MB+ and SDS. In the presence of excess of SDS, MB+ is mainly in the monomer form and at low SDS concentration dimers are favored. Such effect, which was not observed in CTAB micelles, was modeled qualitatively by considering that MB+ molecules partition to the micelle pseudo-phase which favors or disfavors dimers as a function of its volume. MB+ transient species were characterized by laser flash photolysis and NIR emission showing the presence of triplets and subsequently singlet oxygen at high SDS concentration and semi-reduced and semi-oxidized MB+ radicals at low SDS concentration. Therefore it was shown that, depending on the
ground state MB+ monomer/dimer equilibrium, induced by the micelles, the photochemical properties of MB+ can be shifted from a Type II (energy transfer to oxygen forming singlet oxygen) to a Type I mechanism (electron transfer forming the semi-reduced and the semi-oxidized radicals of MB+).


It is unfortunate that obstetric anesthesia for operative deliveries is often considered to be a relatively simple procedure which requires less skill than the administration of anesthesia for general surgical procedures. It is not surprising, therefore, that the administration of anesthesia to obstetric patients too frequently is relegated to someone who is relatively inexperienced or who has only a casual interest in anesthesia. This attitude deserves attention when the choice of anesthesia for operative obstetric procedures is considered. It serves little purpose to discuss the selection of methods of anesthesia unless there is a corresponding effort to encourage the application of these methods with the best judgment and the greatest skill. It should be recognized that increased benefit to the patient does not automatically result from the careful selection of a particular method of anesthesia. As a practical consideration, a further reduction in the mortality and morbidity in obstetric anesthesia


Summary
RNA from clover yellow mosaic virus, a potexvirus, was translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and in vitro translation products were compared with virus-specific proteins produced in vivo in pea mesophyll protoplasts inoculated with viral RNA. One major polypeptide with an M
r of 182000 (182K) was produced in vitro, and two were produced in vivo, with M
r 182K and 22K. The 182K product was thought to be the same in vitro as in vivo; the 22K product was shown by Western blotting to be the virus coat protein.


One of the central themes in research, teaching, and popular commentary about Amer-ican politics is the power of the Presidency. This is no surprise, since American domestic politics and policymaking, and even many decisions on the world stage, rotate about the axis of the U.S. president. Presidential approval plays a particularly critical role in presidential power, as ample studies have demonstrated over the past twenty years. We must be concerned, then, over recent evidence of an increasingly ckle American public. Presidents have enjoyed new peaks but also suuered new lows in popular approval. Changes in approval seem to be more rapid and the diversity of opinions at any one time seems to be growing. If the American public has become more volatile and less consensual in their evaluations of the president, it will be diicult for presidents to build and maintain legislative coalitions, unify domestic actors behind foreign policy initiatives, and ultimately maintain their electoral coalitions. The president's success in swaying public opinion and the president's ability to use public support as a leadership tool may depend as much on the amount of agreement (consensus) and the lability of public support (volatility) as it does on the average level of approval. This paper takes an opening look at measuring and modeling volatility and consensus in presidential approval. Drawing on data from the New York Times/CBS polls from 1976{1993, the paper shows, via descriptive analysis, how mean approval, over time volatility, and cross sectional variability, are distinct processes. The paper then proposes some alternative ways to examine volatility and consensus. Stimson for encouragement and help, and the ICPSR (and Suzanne DeBoef) for access to the NYT data. All remaining errors are certainly the fault of the author.


The hydrogenated rosin sizing agent was prepared with the hydrogenated rosin and its glyceride as raw materials and by mechanical activation treatment using self-developed stirring ball mill,the effects of atmospheric inversion process,atmospheric inversion process coupled with mechanical activation,stirring speed and activating time of mechanical activation on the particle size of hydrogenated rosin sizing agent and sizing performance were studied.The results showed that the emulsifying temperature and the phase inversion temperature of preparation process of neutral hydrogenated rosin size were all decreased 10℃ when the raw materials had been mechanically activated under the conditions of stirring speed 300 r/min and activating time 5 min.The testing result by laser nanoparticle size analyzer indicated that the particle size of sizing agent was only 294.6 nm.The products prepared by atmospheric inversion process coupled with mechanical activation were tested in neutral paper making,and the sizing degree of the resultant paper was 66 s.


It is started from Maxwell's equations in time domain,TM model in two-dimensional space is considered. By using GprMax2D software based on Finite Different Time Domain( FDTD) theory and Yee cells discretization method,reflection characteristic simulation of a Ground Penetrating Radar( GPR) is proceeded. The simulation results of GPR profile can reflect the characteristic of electromagnetic wave on concrete's different defect or foreign bodies,which enables to judge the approximate location of defect. In numerical examples,according to cavity,water and reinforcement that appears most frequently in concrete,reflection characteristic of these different media is analyzed. Further analysis of reflection intensity of these three medium in the same and different depths,the function correlation between depth and reflection intensity of each medium can be calculated. Besides,the center frequency of ricker source has been changed,which is assumed to simulate the GPR antenna,comparing with the detected depth and resolution of these three media,the adaptive center frequency desired by media with different property and depth is obtained.


The complexity of data structure from different forest stands across the world has necessitated the continuous introduction of new models in forestry. No single model is expected to provide accurate fit to all data sets. Therefore, in this study, the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the Log-Logistic distribution was modified to construct a new height-diameter (h-d) model for Gmelina arborea Roxb plantation in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria. A total of 60 sample plots of 0.04 ha were used in this study. Tree diameters and heights measurement were taken on 1,189 trees. The new h-d model was termed M. LogL and its performance was compared with five established traditional h-d models that have been used in quantitative forestry study. These include: Logistic h-d, Chapman-Richards (C-R) h-d, Weibull h-d, Naslund h-d and Curtis h-d. Model assessment was based on adjusted R 2 , root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Hannan-Quinn Criterion (HQC). The result showed that the performance of the new M. LogL h-d was comparable to other traditional h-d models used in forestry. The adjusted R2, RMSE, AIC, BIC and HQC were 0.629, 3.343, 2555.599, 2565.527 and 2555.480, respectively. However, the Logistic h-d model had the overall best fit to the data set. The order of ranking was: Logistic > M. LogL > Curtis > C-R > Weibull > Naslund. Therefore, the M. LogL model can be used to predict tree height for the Gmelina arborea plantation. Keywords: Modified Log-Logistic, height-diameter, Gmelina arborea , Omo forest reserve


The occurrence regularity and damage of Grapholitha molesta of peach in northern Henan were investigated through two consecutive years.Practical and effective prevention methods were proposed according to the actual production.


been previously reported in this setting. Multiple GIST tumour clones from an individual patient with differing clinical sensitivity to imatinib, pathological features of response and KIT mutational profiles have not been previously described. The success of imatinib in treating patients with GIST is now well established, especially when targeted at those tumours harbouring KIT JMR mutations. Secondary resistance to imatinib is emerging as a common development in the natural history of the treated disease and raises serious issues in relation to the likely long-term success of single-agent targeted cancer therapies in general. This case demonstrates how knowledge of mutational status could be used to explain and possibly predict clinical tumour development under targeted treatment. In the future it may be possible to target therapeutic strategies in GIST to KIT mutational status, both at the initiation stage of treatment and at the onset of progressive disease once new mutations are defined. acknowledgement


This is the second annual report produced on the activities of Best Health for
Children. The project was established by the Chief Executive Officers of the
Health Boards to promote conjoint working in the area of child and adolescent
health.At the request of the Chief Executive Officers of the eight health boards a
review was commissioned of the child health services for the 0-12 year age
group in 1996. Dr. Sean Denyer, Dr. Lelia Thornton and Dr. Heidi Pelly carried
out a comprehensive review that was completed in 1999 entitled 'Best Health
for Children'. In early 1999 a National Conjoint Child Health Committee chaired
by Dr. Sean Denyer was established to oversee the implementation of the
report's recommendations. The committee includes representatives from each
health board, the Department of Education and Science, the National Parents
Council and an observer from the Department of Health and Children. In the
summer of 1999 two National Child Health Co-ordinators were employed, Dr.
Ailis Quinlan and Ms. Caroline Cullen.
The key themes of the report Best Health for Children are based on
• Developing a child centred health promotion approach
• Creating a partnership between professionals and parents
• Quality assurance systems and procedures that support screening
• Screening based on evidence
• Improved co-ordination for children with complex problems
• Improved management and increased accountability
In addition to the initial report the Chief Executive Officers of the health boards
have requested that a review of the health services for the 12 to 18-year age
group should be carried out as part of the development of the project.


This paper uses figurational sociology to explain why Secondary Physical Education teachers' engagement with Health Related Exercise (HRE) is often limited. Historically-rooted concerns surround the teaching of HRE, and these have recently been linked to teachers' limited continuing professional development (CPD) in HRE (HRE-CPD). A two-phase, mixed-method study involving a survey questionnaire (n=124) and semi-structured interviews (n=12) was conducted in the UK to explore Physical Education teachers' engagement with HRE and HRE-CPD over time. The findings confirm that teachers' engagement with HRE-CPD is often limited. Indeed, nearly three quarters of the teachers (73%) also felt that their tertiary education had failed to adequately prepare them to teach HRE. This paper argues that a range of interdependent processes are contributing towards teachers' limited engagement with HRE, and that most of these processes – such as the marginalisation of HRE – are rooted in the privileging of sporting, individualised and performative ideologies within Physical Education. In conclusion, it is argued that informed and strategic action which addresses the above issues and which transcends all levels of the education figuration is needed if the concerns surrounding HRE are to be overcome.


The effect of connecting rod thickness on fracture split processing was analyzed through the theory analysis and numerical simulation method.And the relationship between the connecting rod thickness,the fracture toughness and the plastic zone state at the crack region was presented.The effect of the ratio of thickness to radial dimension on the fracture splitting was studied.The results show that with the increase of the thickness value at the crack starting step,Von Mises stress concentration changes from narrow—long and dispersive concentration status to only one stress concentration status at the middle section,the average value of the Max.principal stress near the crack tip gradually increases.The range of optimal ratio of thickness to radial dimension(D/R) for some connecting rods is 3.312 to 3.438,which is obtained by analyzing the relationship between D/R and the fracture force.


Purpose: Previous work demonstrated that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) resulted in less Pseudomonas aeruginosa than standard wet-to-dry (WTD) dressings in a complex orthopaedic wound model. Staphylococcus aureus is more clinically relevant in open fractures, and is the most prevalent bacteria in osteomyelitis. The purpose of this study is to determine if S. aureus responds similarly to P. aeruginosa when treated with NPWT. Methods: A complex musculoskeletal wound was created on the hindlimb of 20 goats and contaminated with S. aureus (lux) bacteria. The bacteria are genetically engineered to emit photons, allowing for quantification with a photon-counting camera system. The wounds were debrided and irrigated with 9 L of normal saline using gravity flow irrigation 6 hours after inoculation. Goats were assigned to two different treatment groups: a control group using WTD dressing changes and an experimental group using NPWT. The wounds were debrided and irrigated every other day for 6 days. Bacteria within the wounds were quantified both before and after each debridement. Results: There was no difference between treatment groups in amounts of bacteria in the wound at all time points (p≥0.37). Conclusion: Previous work demonstrated that NPWT resulted in a significant and clinically relevant reduction of P. aeruginosa at all time points in a similar model. We presume that NPWT was effective because it created an environment that allowed the body to ward off this "opportunistic" gram negative. However, as shown in this study, S. aureus is less affected by NPWT and persists within the wound.


Neural network based yield prediction models are developed to optimize high-speed microprocessor manufacturing processes. Based on measured sixty ET (electrical test) data, wafer level parametric yield prediction models are developed. In this work, manufacturing yield was considered as a manufacturing performance index because it is very critical to overall manufacturing cost and product quality. The prediction results show 41.09% improvement as compared to statistical prediction model using multiple regression. These modeling approaches are also applied to predict final chip speed to minimize undesirable packaging costs. The prediction results show only 1.7% of average speed differences. Ultimately, these neural prediction models are used to find optimal process conditions, and with the successful implementation of this work, it can serve as a catalyst to improve productivity and chip quality.


The article deals with the question of the subjective attitude towards causing harm in circumstances precluding the criminality of the act. in the science of criminal law he is not given due attention. The solution of this problem contributes to the correct determination of the cases of causing harm in the absence of the necessary subjective signs of a crime, as well as the correct qualification of crimes in general. On the basis of different approaches to the concept of subjective attitude and guilt in criminal law, their correlation with injury in criminal law is analyzed, as well as the circumstances in which the criminality of an act is excluded. Analyzes the contents of subjective attitude in individual cases stipulated by the criminal law (Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the RF). There are situations where the mental attitude to the consequences is the same as in any other act of lawful behavior. These include the necessary defense, the detention of the offender, emergency. The case is substantiated when the subjective attitude to the damage caused is generally absent due to the lack of objective signs of the act or the indirect nature of the cause: physical coercion, execution of a mandatory order or instruction. It is concluded that with a reasonable risk only formal signs of reckless guilt appear, but there are no meaningful signs that would indicate that a person has a negative subjective attitude. The results of the study may be important for the correct application of criminal law in this area.


The research aims to identify the role of sports activities in the development of life skills among the students of Mustansiriya University, and the researcher used the descriptive method in his steps and procedures. The researcher sample was chosen deliberately among the students of Mustansiriya University and reached (494) students. The research showed the convergence of the students 'general awareness of the goals set by the standard. The students' awareness of the importance of participating in the student activities among the students of Mustansiriya University, and that the students participating in the activities Luddite higher in life skills.


Any detection on its early stage proves to provide a high degree of survival for a person and for this diagnosis plays a major role.The diagnosis in a nutshell should be accurate and absolute with due importance given, even to the minutest detail . From of old, the speckles have been viewed as an obstacle in the process of diagnosis. But here comes a proposal to turn them into success. Here the size and orientation of the speckles are observed to explore their intrinsic properties .The accurate segmentation is carried out by Transrectal ultrasound(TRUS) image based diagnosis for the detection of prostate cancer. The TRUS images are cut into arc like strips to obtain the different speckle sizes. Then the individual feature vector is induced to obtain the residuals.The residuals along with the inherited spatial coherence from the biological tissue forms the segment with the application of neural networks. Later the fine -tuned segments are integrated with prior shape, dark to light intensity ratio near the boundaries and the


This paper reviews the two main configurations of M V switchgear and advantages of both concepts in the l ight of user requirements. The paper then presents an impro ved fixed pattern design which goes beyond the requirem ents of users who specify withdrawable equipment.


Facing the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a new fitting method (QDF, quasi-distribution fitting) which can be used to analyze the data of COVID-19 is developed based on piecewise quasi-uniform B-spline curves. For any given country or district, it simulates the distribution histogram data which is made from the daily confirmed cases (or the other data including daily recovery cases and daily fatality cases) of COVID-19 with piecewise quasi-uniform B-spline curves. After using the area normalization method, the fitting curves could be regarded as a kind of probability density function (PDF): its mathematical expectation and the variance could be used to analyze the situation of the coronavirus pandemic. Numerical experiments based on the data of certain countries have indicated that the QDF method demonstrates the intrinsic characteristics of COVID-19 data of a given country or district, and because the interval of data used in this paper is over one year (500 days), it reveals the fact that after the multi-wave transmission of the coronavirus, the case fatality rate has obviously declined. These results show that the QDF method is effective and feasible as an appraisal method.


In this paper, we consider a class of meromorphic functions \(r(z)\) having an \(s\)-fold zero at the origin and establish some inequalities of Bernstein and Turán type for the modulus of the derivative of rational functions  in the sup-norm on the disk in the complex plane. These results produce some sharper inequalities while taking into account the placement of zeros of the underlying rational function. Moreover, many inequalities for polynomials and polar derivatives follow as special cases. In particular, our results generalize as well as refine a result due Dewan et al. [6].


The present work belongs to local African church history and international mission history.The author shows why and how the Sidama people in south Ethiopia became part of theevangelical movement. D ...


There are distinct advantages to producing seeds in geographical areas that have favorable environments, i . e., low precipitation, absence of early morning fogs and/or heavy dews, and low relative humidity during preharvest and harvest periods. In such favorable climates, seed set and recovery is usually optimum; there is low incidence and severity of insects and plant and seed diseases. Germination and seed vigor are quite high. Hence, seed quality is usually good when produced under such favorable conditions. It is not uncommon, however, to find production of many kinds and large quantities of planting seeds in the same general area where the crop is grown for other commercial uses. Unfortunately, these geographical areas are frequently characterized by environmental conditions that are unfavorable and often detrimental to the production of high quality planting seed . . Thus, the environment becomes implicated as a major factor contributing to the rapid deterioration of seeds. Rapid deterioration and subsequent loss of seed quality is frequently, and probably universally, referred to as "weathering." This simply implies that the seeds have been exposed to the weather components, i.e., the environmental conditions existing in the field during the time of seed formation, development, and maturation . In other words, the seeds are "stored" on the plants until they can be harvested. While "stored'' in this manner, they are undergoing the natural physiological deteriorative processes common in all biological systems (senescence) and, at the same time, the environmental stresses are imposing their influence. It is quite likely, then, that soybean seeds can, and quite often do, undergo severe field deterioration that lowers their quality. This environmental "complex" encompasses an array of daily ambient conditions that vary widely according to a specific geographical location. Of the combination of environmental conditions that may exist at any given time, however, the one(s) we know to exert unfavorable stress(es) upon . developing (maturing) seeds, either singularly or in concert, are high temperature and relative humidity (RH) and/or frequent or prolonged precipitation. Constituting additional increments of this "total environmental complex" are diseases and insects that .seem to thrive in the same conditions that are detrimental to seeds, i.e., hot, wet climates. These conditions, of course, are quite typical of the subtropical and tropical. zones of the world.


More and more twist blade is adopted in Aero - engine turbines for improvement of operating efficiency.Geometric molding of twist blade is the premise for turbine blade machining. Blades are fitted by using dual - cubic B-spline surface, from the date of wrap blade surface is given. Some specific problems in cormection with blade modelin, such as choosing coordinate, spanning rectangular gridded area and searching for intersection of surfaces are discussed.


The nervous system consists of nerve cells or neurons, which can transmit information in the form of electrical signals to our sense organs. Neurons generally are not a good electrical conductor; however, they have elaborate mechanisms for generating electrical signals by eliminating negative resting potentials.


Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer.The objective of this study was to find out the frequency of malignancy in clinically benign thyroid swellings. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of admitted patients in our hospital were reviewed from January 2012 to December 2013. Patients with benign looking thyroid swellings, who would undergo surgery, were picked up. Results: Seventy eightpatients were studied, of which, 54 were clinically diagnosed to be multinodular goiter and 24 were clinically solitary nodule in thyroid. Total 6 malignancies were reported on final histopathological examination. Conclusions: The incidence of diagnosis of thyroid malignancy in a clinically benign thyroid swelling is significant. Hence, it is necessary for the patients treated conservatively for benign thyroid diseases to be followed up regularly.


The production and processing of PLA both at home and abroad are reviewed. The synthesis technology of PLA by one-step process and two-step process are described. The progress in the process and modification of PLA is discussed, and the requirement for the property of PLA for molding, extrusion fdature, blowing film is mentioned.


Abstract To test for violations of the assumptions of mark–recapture studies used to estimate angling exploitation rates of walleye Sander vitreus in northern Wisconsin lakes, we estimated the recapture rate (R/C) of walleyes previously marked for each month of the angling year for five length categories: all lengths combined, less than 12 in, 12–15 in, 15–20 in, and 20 in or larger. The recapture rate declined significantly during the year for all walleye length-classes combined and for all length-classes except walleyes 12–15 in long. The R/C ratio in May increased with length. We conclude that fin regeneration, which contributed to lack of mark recognition, or higher mortality due to marking, may have reduced the number of marks in the R/C ratio and therefore may have biased estimates of walleye angling exploitation rates.


The study of human cognition has made great progress, yet concerns about common approaches persist. Specifically, that many approaches may not account for the range of human experiences embedded in diverse cultural contexts. How might researchers of human cognition and development address these concerns in future research?


Objective To study the changes of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,erythrocyte immune and plasma free amino acid in patients with depression.Methods 75 patients with depression in our hospital from October 2011 to January 2014 were selected as observation group,75 healthy persons with the same age at the same period were selected as control group.The peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,erythrocyte immune and plasma free amino acid levels of two groups were detected,compared and correlated to different degrees of depression.Results The peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and erythrocyte immune indexes of observation group were all obviously lower than those of control group,and so the were plasma free amino acid indexes.In addition,the detection indexes of observation group with mild,moderate and severe depression had obvious differences(all P0.05).Conclusion The changes of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,erythrocyte immune and plasma free amino acid in patients with depression are evident,and so obvious is the difference among these patients.Therefore they can be used as the important parameters for the disease diagnosis.