At present,the number of the waste printed circuit boards(WPCB) is increasing gradually.The technology of extraction and recovery of metal has been used widely,while the technology of extraction and recovery of a great deal of nonmetallic material is not viable.This paper briefly introduces the damage of WPCB and the recovery method of epoxy resin.The solvent method is adopted for the recovery of WPCB.The optimal conditions are defined as follows.The reaction temperature is 80℃,the reaction time 3 h,the concentration of nitrate acid 8mol/L,and the amount of nitrate acid 50mL when the amount of WPCB is 10 g.


We show that for two dimensional manifolds M with negative Euler characteristic there exists subsets of the space of smooth Riemannian metrics which are invariant and either parabolic or backwards-parabolic for the 2 order RG flow. We also show that solutions exists globally on these sets. Finally, we establish the existence of an eternal solution that has both a UV and IR limit, and passes through regions where the flow is parabolic and backwards-parabolic.


A device and a method for controlling a refrigerant distributor in a multi type air conditioner system are provided to determine driving of compressors in outdoor unit according to room temperatures detected by room temperature sensors, thereby utilizing various outdoor units to the refrigerant distributor. A device for controlling a refrigerant distributor in a multi type air conditioner system includes a plurality of electronic expansion valves(111-1~111-N) for expanding and supplying refrigerant supplied from outdoor units to indoor units. A plurality of supply pipe temperature detecting parts(113-1~113-N) detect temperatures of pipes supplying refrigerant from the expansion valves to the indoor units. A plurality of recovery pipe temperature detecting parts(115-1~115-N) detect temperatures of pipes recovering the refrigerant from the indoor units. A plurality of driving parts controls opening/closing degrees of the expansion valves. A refrigerant supply control part calculates temperature differences between the refrigerant supply pipes and the refrigerant recovery pipes, compares the temperature differences with preset temperature differences, and controls the driving parts according to the comparison result. The refrigerant supply control part determines operation of compressors according to room temperatures detected by a plurality of room temperature sensing parts.


Biomass concentration in a biotechnological process is one of the states that characterize a bioprocess. Moreover, it is generally the main direct or indirectly desired product. It is well known that the biomass concentration is not normally measured online because this measurement is not possible or this is economically unprofitable. Therefore, for control purposes it is necessary to replace the unavailable biomass concentration measurements with reliable and robust online estimations. To this aim, several states observers can be found in the literature. A review of commonly used techniques can be found in (Bastin & Dochain, 1990; Dochain, 2003) and references therein. Observers can be coarsely divided into two broad classes: first principles or phenomenological estimators and empirical estimators. The phenomenological estimators can be also subdivided into classical observers and asymptotic observers. Classical observers include extended Kalman filter (EKF), extended Luenberger observer, high gain observer, nonlinear observers, and full horizon observer. In this class of estimators, a detailed knowledge of the reaction kinetics and associated transport phenomena are required to represent the balance equations. Modeling the biological kinetics reactions is a difficult and time-consuming task, and therefore the model used by the estimators could differ significantly from reality. This is the main disadvantage of these phenomenological estimators, i.e., their efficiency strongly relies on the model quality. Asymptotic observers are based on the idea that uncertainty in bioprocess models lies in the process kinetics models. The design of these observers is based on a state transformation performed to provide a model which is independent of the kinetics. A potential drawback of the asymptotic observers is that the rate of convergence is completely determined by the operating conditions, i.e., the rate of convergence can be very slow or the observer may not converge. Empirical estimators are based on constructing appropriate nonlinear models of biotechnological processes exclusively from the process input–output data without considering the functional or phenomenological relations between the bioprocess variables. However, the conventional empirical modeling approach is based on the knowledge of the structure (functional form) of the data-fitting model (in advance). This is a difficult task since it involves the heuristic selection of an appropriate nonlinear model structure from numerous alternatives.


Abstract Cleverly designed molecular building blocks provide chemists with the tools of a powerful molecular-scale construction set. They enable them to engineer materials having a predictable order and useful solid-state properties. Hence, it is in the realm of supramolecular chemistry to follow a strategy for synthesizing materials which combine a selected set of properties, for instance from the areas of magnetism, photophysics and electronics. As a possible approach, host/guest solids which are based on extended anionic, homo- and bimetallic oxalato-bridged transition-metal compounds with two- and three-dimensional connectivities are investigated. In particular, we report herein in detail about their structural properties and their multifunctional characteristics in the area of molecular magnetism and photophysics.


This paper is part one of a four part series on basic statistical analytical methods. Using a case method presentation, the basic essentials of correlational analysis is described.


The pre-school education in Argentina is centenarian; its long educational history has accompanied peda - gogical pursuits, political battles and ...


The study investigated the Cleaner Production (CP) concept in reducing waste generation, operating costs as well as resource consumption in a beverage manufacturing plant. CP assessments were done on respective key processes in the plant to optimize input resource and minimize waste at source. A number of implementable options were recommended for them to be effected in the beverage plant to improve on the cost effectiveness of the plan, and for environmental friendly complying operations.


The effect of atmospheric haze upon Umkehr observations is calculated in two ways. First, observed Umkehr curves are compared with computed Umkehr curves reconstructed from simultaneous direct soundings of the vertical ozone distribution. The difference between the two curves gives the 'experimental' haze effect. In the second method, Umkehr curves are computed for model atmospheres with and without haze, the difference giving a 'theoretical' haze effect. When the two haze-effect curves are normalized to zero for a solar zenith angle of 60°, both exhibit the same characteristics, viz., the 'correction' to be subtracted from an observed (with haze) curve is negative at all solar zenith angles, the correction reaches a maximum near 81°, and there is a second small reversal near 87–88°. Application of the derived haze corrections in the Umkehr evaluation procedure results in slightly higher ozone content at and just below the main maximum and slightly lower ozone content elsewhere.


Droop control is a viable method for the operation of island DC microgrids in a decentralized architecture. This paper presents a mixed-integer conic optimization formulation for the design of generator droop control, comprising the parameters of a piecewise linear droop curve. The mixed-integer formulation originates from a stochastic optimization framework that considers several operating scenarios for finding the optimal design. The convexity of the mixed-integer problem continuous relaxation gives global optimality guarantees for the design problem. The paper presents computational results using a tight polyhedral approximation of the conic program, leading to a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem that is solved using a state-of-the-art commercial solver. The results from the proposed approach are contrasted with both a classic linear droop control design and a recent piecewise linear formulation. The Monte-Carlo simulation results quantify the extent to which the MILP solution is superior in reducing voltage violations and power loss, and the degree to which the loss is close to that from a conic optimal power flow solution.


Viola umphangensis S. Nansai, Srisanga & Suwanph., a new species from Thailand, is described and illustrated. Morphological, anatomical and palynological characters of V. umphangensis are compared with a similar species, V. betonicifolia Sm. An amended key to the Viola species in the Flora of Thailand account is provided.


Photosynthesis is one of the most basic processes of the biosphere, and its quantitative study in the classroom has been a challenge to biological educators for years. Probably the most popular method for meeting this challenge has been the use of Elodea, a submersed aquatic plant that emits a stream of bubbles from breaks in its stem as it photosynthesizes. Counting these bubbles provides a simple measurement of photosynthesis. Wilmott (1921) stated that the first mention of this method in the literature was made by Dutrochet in 1837, and that by 1864 further study by Sachs had brought it into a more modern format. The Elodea method has been a common classroom demonstration for at least 100 years (Jost 1907). Refinements have been suggested by Wilmott (1921), Audus (1940), Heath (1969) and Rauser (1970). One of the main factors influencing the rate of oxygen release is the availability of CO2. If CO2 is not present, no NADP can be generated by the Calvin-Benson Cycle and the Hill Reaction (which splits water to generate the oxygen released) must stop because all the electron acceptors in Photosystem I and Photosystem II become reduced. CO2 availability is a far more serious problem for aquatic plants than for terrestrial ones. The resistance to diffusion of CO2 is 10,000 times greater in water than in air, and C02-depleted layers can easily develop next to a plant (Heath 1969; Smith & Walker 1980). Also, in water with a pH greater than 8, more than 90 percent of the inorganic carbon is in the form of bicarbonate or carbonate rather than free CO2 (Cole 1975). One way plants may augment their CO2 supply is to use carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction


Ovicaprine manure deposits appearing in caves and rockshelter may be altered in Nellithic by anthrophic burning or natural mineralization processus. This may result in the development of a characteristic inner structure of the sediments with ash and brown layers, limited by a thin charcoal level. Manure burning is carried out since neolithic times, this activity being well documented in the archaeologicals sites. However, ovicaprine deposits of slow natural mineralization are more difficult to recognize, when they are not associated to ash layers. A microsedimentological analysis of these deposits, from inorganic material identification (spherulites, druses, phytoliths) allows us to understand this process of soil formation.


Thispaper proposes amulti-resolution coding system for3D graphic scenes using vector quantization (VQ). Forimproved compression efficiency, theproposed system generates the VQ codebook foragiven 3Dscene using meshobjects contained inthescene database instead ofseparate training models. Furthermore, objects areweighted according totheir unequal display importance resulting frominteractions, whichis incorporated into bothcodebook training andrate-distortion optimization. Empirical results arepresented toverify theefficiency oftheproposed coding system. Index Terms-Vector quantization, Multi-resolution, Triangular mesh, Connectivity, Geometry, Rate-distortion


As an important bio-control source, the mycoparasite of the plant rust has significant theoretical and practical meaning. In this paper the research advances in plant bio-control with the mycoparasite of the plant rust in China were generalized.


This study describes the preparation and certification of the hydrazine hydrate reference materials used in water pollution monitoring for the first time.It included validation of reagent purity,homogeneity and stability,and statistic of measurement data.It was prepared using the weight method.The homogeneity and stability was studied by using national standard method to determine hydrazine hydrate with pDimethylaminobenzaldehyde spectroscopy,and uncertainties were evaluated.The results indicated the sample was homogeneous and stable,and its lift time as the reference materials could maintain at least 30 months.The certified value for CRM was 50.0 μg/L with a relative expanded uncertainly form of 2.2%(k = 2).


The reliability of a recently proposed parameterization of the bridge function for hard spheres (1987, Molec. Phys., 60, 663) has been tested for densities near the phase transition. We carried out simulations of the radial distribution function at reduced densities of 0·925 and 0·94. The radial distribution function calculated from the parameterized bridge function by means of the Ornstein-Zernike equation is in perfect agreement with the simulated values. A parameterization of the bridge function for separations below contact has been proposed.


Law as a system of certain obligatory social norms1 had been evolving in European (Western) culture for a long time, a unifi ed collection of decrees can be found already in the ancient slavery systems and in the Antiquity. This situation, however, is not the same in all branches of the legal system. We are interested in the copyright law, which for a long time was not an independent branch of the legal system although private law in general, with which the copyright law is classifi ed, was already considerably developed.2 The Antiquity was a period of an unprecedented fl owering of culture, including major works of literature, drama, fi ne arts. And yet, surprisingly, they existed and were spread without any chance of legal protection. The problem probably was the character of the work (a work of art) because it is the so-called immaterial (intangible) object.3 Roman


It is very important to select center and key station in each province, and to make scientific planning and design for these stations according to climate, agriculture, water conservancy and economic development of different districts, in order to obtain irrigation experimental basic data. Based on the nationwide planning of the irrigation experiment station network at present, this paper proposed some reviews and experiences concerning the research contents, the general layout, the facilities and devices planning of the provincial center station and key stations planed, and discussed other issues related.


Purpose – To discuss Web 2.0 technologies and development styles for the library catalog, specifically with regard to Innovative Interfaces' Encore product.Design/methodology/approach – A resirption of the technologies is provided.Findings – Innovative Interfaces has employed a rapid development methodology that involves end users early on the iterative process. Innovative has adopted a methodology between the "always in beta" chaos of web development and the stable but slow mega release cycle traditionally employed by Interactive Library Systems (ILS) vendors. Originality /value: This evolution in the ILS development cycle has resulted in a product that leverages the stable technologies of at the heart of traditional library services and packaged them in such a way as to be appealing and useful to the "born online" generation.


Experiments were done to observe droplets of n-heptane impacting on a hot stainless steel surface in a low gravity environment. Impacting droplets were photographed using a single-shot flash-photographic method. Cellular structures were observed in the spreading liquid film, even in absence of buoyancy forces, when surface temperatures exceeded 80°C. The cells were attributed to surface tension driven flows in the liquid. A simple heat conduction model was used to estimate temperature gradients in the liquid film, and to calculate the Marangoni Number (Ma). The onset of cellular structures in the liquid film corresponded to Ma>80, confirming predictions from instability theory. Droplets in Leidenfrost evaporation were pushed away from the surface by the pressure of the vapour below them. Reducing gravity level had no influence on the dynamics of droplet impact, or on bubble movement in nucleate boiling.


A multi-aperture imaging system flash. Method and system for forming an image of a scene is provided. The method comprises the aperture through the use of a radiation image sensor for exposing a portion of the EM spectrum, and have the other using the different pore sizes of the first aperture, the exposure to radiation from another portion of the EM spectrum, to capture the scene image. Simultaneously capturing the image of the scene is illuminated with a radiation from a second portion of the EM spectrum. Then, the image data generated by the first portion of the radiation from the EM spectrum and generated by the second portion of the radiation from the EM spectrum on the basis of image data, forming the image.


Agricultural workers can be exposed to a wide variety of agents (e.g. pesticides), some of which may have adverse health effects, such as cancer. To study the health effects of agricultural exposures, an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies, AGRICOH, was established. The present analysis compared cancer incidence between the AGRICOH cohorts and the general population and found lower overall cancer incidence in the AGRICOH cohorts, with some variation across cohorts for specific cancer types. The observed lower cancer incidence may be due to healthy worker bias or lower prevalence of risk factors in the agricultural populations. Further analysis is underway.


Almost all rural areas in Europe have been shaped or altered by humans and can be considered cultural landscapes, many of which now are considered to entail valuable cultural heritage. Current dynamics in land management have put cultural landscapes under a huge pressure of agricultural intensification and land abandonment. To prevent the loss of cultural landscapes, knowledge on the location of different types of cultural landscapes is needed. In this paper, we present a characterization of European cultural landscapes based on the prevalence of three key dimensions of cultural landscapes: landscape structure, management intensity, and value and meaning. We mapped these dimensions across Europe at a 1-km resolution by combining proxies on management intensity and landscape structure with new indicators such as social media usage and registered traditional food products. We integrated the three dimensions into a continuous "cultural landscape index" that allows for a characterization of Europe's rural landscapes. The characterization identifies hotspots of cultural landscapes, where all three dimensions


The paper discusses the preschool curriculum reform of China concerning goals, contents,implement and assessment according to the times,and analyzes the value tendency in them.It discusses the characteristics of the preschool curriculum reform and the tendency of the preschool curriculum development.


An electrolyte includes: a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; and a disulfonate compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, R 1 and R 2 are each independently a fluorine, a cyano group, a nitro group, or a methyl group substituted with at least one fluorine, R 11 to R 14 are each independently a hydrogen, a deuterium, a fluorine, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 alkynyl group, a1 and a2 are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, a11 and a12 are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, and a sum of a1 and a11 is 5, and a sum of a2 and a12 is 5.


— The effect of void shape on the mechanical behaviour of an elastic-plastic solid containing an isotropic array of aligned axisymmetric voids is examined. The mechanical response of such a material is studied by means of finite element (FE) analyses of an elementary unit cell containing an isolated void. The void shape is found to have a strong influence on both void growth rate and coalescence strain. This effect is strongest for low stress triaxialities. The numerical results are compared with analytical models of void growth, but none of the examined models give any good predictions of the results obtained numerically. A simple modification of the classical Gurson model is suggested so as to give reasonable correspondence with numerical results. Finally, some practical considerations of void shape effects are given.


The influence of Compton scattering on the modulation instability near zero dispersion in plasma is studied by using the model of multi-photon nonlinear Compton scattering and nonlinear Schrdinger′s equation,a new mechanism on the modulation instability is formed by Compton scattering has been raised,a amended dispersion equation on the light pulse propagation has been given out,and it is simulated with the numbers.The results show that when the second-step dispersion is bigger,the gain score of the modulation instability of the wander from the nearby zero dispersion is decided by the secondstep dispersion produced by incident and scattered lights.The fourth-step dispersion effect is quickly decreased along with the increasing of the second-step dispersion,and the cause is that the fourth-step dispersion effect is affectively weakened by Compton scattering.The gain score of the modulation instability near the zero dispersion is decided by the fourth-step dispersion produced by incident light and scattered light,the second-step dispersion is annihilated,the maximum number of the perturbation frequency is quickly approached to critical perturbation frequency,and the cause is that the fourth-step dispersion effect is affectively increased by Compton scattering.The width of the gain score is quickly increased along with the increasing of the plasma loss,the cause is that the scattered effect is increased along with the power increasing,and the effect causes that the radiation damping of the charged particle is increased.


In the present study, fractional variants of Hermite–Hadamard, Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér, and Pachpatte inequalities are studied by employing Mercer concept. Firstly, new Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer-type inequalities are presented for harmonically convex functions involving fractional integral operators with exponential kernel. Then, weighted Hadamard–Fejér–Mercer-type inequalities involving exponential function as kernel are proved. Finally, Pachpatte–Mercer-type inequalities for products of harmonically convex functions via fractional integral operators with exponential kernel are constructed.


The recent stunning failure of financial institutions has put regulatory intervention high on the agenda of governments. Adequate risk monitoring, including by credit rating agencies (CRAs), as well as measurement and management have proven a daunting task, whereas regulation of innovative financial instruments has not brought about adequate disclosure and transparency. Before the recent financial crisis, financial innovation was regarded as inextricably linked with economic growth and aggregate welfare. In the wake of the crisis, criticism as to the utility of financial innovation became more unequivocal. After reviewing the virtues and pitfalls of financial innovation, the article analyses the main transparency initiatives undertaken in the EU and the USA in the aftermath of the crisis to harness various financial innovations that have marked the history of financial markets in the past three decades, including hedge funds, derivatives, and credit ratings. Furthermore, the article critically assesses the likely impact of such regulations on the future of financial innovation. In addition, the article reviews the approach to financial innovation that the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of the World Trade Organization adopted in the 1990s and assesses the likely impact of the recent financial crisis on this stance. As the perimeter of regulation grows and countries become more suspicious about home-country financial regulation, trade in financial services is unlikely to remain unaffected. Nevertheless, the GATS appears to be running out of analytical tools, a fact that undermines its global role. Within this new landscape, the GATS is bound to adapt. The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.


Previously, in regard to tunnel design and research, the focus was primarily on traffic capacity and safety requirements, with less consideration given to cave landscape design and its impacts on drivers. This study addressed this gap by proposing a comprehensive evaluation system for urban tunnel landscape driving based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) theory. Considering the information and perception aspects of the driving process and the unique landscape characteristics of urban tunnels, we utilized the drivers' perception of biomass as an index layer and performed a simulation using a machine learning algorithm. The proposed model was validated through vehicle field tests that were conducted in four urban tunnels along with a substantial amount of measured biomass data obtained during the experiments. The research demonstrated a strong correlation between the urban tunnel body landscape and the driving comprehensive index, particularly under relevant biomass conditions, which revealed the interactive relationship between urban tunnel body landscape design parameters and biomass. Furthermore, the study analyzed and proposed the impact degree of the urban tunnel body landscape on drivers' biomass indicators, which offered valuable insights into designing tunnel body landscapes with consideration for biomass perception.


This paper is concerned with piecewise-linear dynamical systems modeling a simple class of gene regulatory networks. One of the main issues when dealing with these problems is that the vector field is not defined on the discontinuity hyperplanes. Two different methods are usually employed in the literature to overcome this issue: Filippov's convexification approach and the steep sigmoidal approach. A particular selection of Filippov's vector field, namely Utkin's vector field, will be of interest to us. Our purpose is twofold: show that Utkin's vector field is well defined on the intersection $\Sigma$ of two discontinuity hyperplanes (under assumptions of attractivity) and prove that, for $\Sigma$ nodally attractive and attractive with three surfaces, Utkin's approach and the steep sigmoidal approach are equivalent, i.e., the corresponding solutions on $\Sigma$ are the same. This allows us to study the piecewise dynamical system, and hence the gene regulatory network it models, with no ambiguity.


Classifying is human. Classifying is also what machine vision technologies do. This article analyses the cybernetic loop between human and machine classification by examining artworks that depict instances of bias when machine vision is classifying humans and when humans classify visual datasets for machines. I propose the term 'indirect reverse operativity' – a concept built upon Ingrid Hoelzl's and Remi Marie's notion of 'reverse operativity' – to describe how classifying humans and machine classifiers operate in cybernetic information loops. Indirect reverse operativity is illustrated through two projects I have co-created: the Database of Machine Vision in Art, Games and Narrative and the artwork Suspicious Behavior. Through 'artistic audits' of selected artworks, a data analysis of how classification is represented in 500 creative works, and a reflection on my own artistic research in the Suspicious Behavior project, this article confronts and complicates assumptions of when and how bias is introduced into and propagates through machine vision classifiers. By examining cultural conceptions of machine vision bias which exemplify how humans operate machines and how machines operate humans through images, this article contributes fresh perspectives to the emerging field of critical dataset studies.


Around the world there is the growing recognition that teacher agency and professional influence are critical components in the pursuit of school and system improvement (Harris, Jones, and Huffman 2017; Campbell et al. 2018). The possibility and potential of teacher leadership remains a central issue within the international discourse about educational reform and change. This potential is reflected in a range of contemporary publications that forcefully argue that teachers should play a far more central role in decision making and policy formation. The central proposition is to 'Flip the System' (Evers and Kneyber 2015: Netolicky, Andrews, and Paterson 2018; Rycroft-Smith, & Dutaut,2018) so that teachers become the instigators, creators and implementors of educational change. This argument makes a great deal of sense. Teachers as the co-constructors of educational change and key contributors to policy making is an idea that is long overdue in many education systems. Where teachers are genuinely at the forefront of educational reform and co-constructing change, the net result can be both positive and empowering (e.g. Donaldson 2015). Conversely, where teachers are merely the recipients of top-down change, the passive tools of policy delivery, then the outcomes become far less promising. The vast literature on educational change reinforces, again and again, the centrality of teacher agency, collaboration and leadership as a core influence upon improved learner outcomes (Hargreaves and Ainscow 2015; Harris, Jones, and Huffman 2017; Datnow and Park 2018). Yet, much policy making still tends to factor out the teacher's voice, preferring instead to take a steer from international organisations or think tanks that often have cursory knowledge about the contexts where the work of teaching and learning is taking place. While there are some universals about effective teaching that hold true irrespective of setting, culture or situation (Muijs and Reynolds,2017), it is also the case that good teachers are responsive to individual needs, are sensitive to the contexts in which they teach and care deeply about the young people in their charge. Policies are insufficiently fine grained to take account of such contextual variance which is why teachers and their collective professional voice should be a part of any decision making and policy making process. It has been argued elsewhere, that teachers are our best and most important resource in the pursuit of better outcomes for young people (Mourshed, Chijioke, and Barber 2010). While this is unquestionably the case, the way in which teachers contribute to the change and actively participate in 'leading the change'has been shown tobe central to the success of any reform effort. Most recently, Donohoo (2018) has suggested that collective efficacy is an important explanation for such success. Collective efficacy is based on the belief that through collective actions educators can influence students' results and enhance their achievements. In short, when teachers work together on a clear and common set of shared goals, there can be a lasting and significant impact on learner outcomes (Sharratt 2018).


Objective To observe the effect of point application with Buxu Pingchuan plaster on cellular immunity and BODE score index in patients with Ⅲ and IV grade stable COPD.Methods 61 outpatients were selected according to the diagnosis criteria of Ⅲ and IV grade stable COPD and assigned to two groups.Seretide was administered to all patients,and Buxu Pingchuan plaster was given to patients in the treatment group additionally.The treatment course was 12 weeks,and the numbers of CD +3,CD +4,CD +8,the ratio of CD+4 and CD+8,and BODE score index before and after the treatment were compared.Results The number of CD +8 was decreased,and the ratio of CD +4 and CD +8 was increased after treatment in both of two groups,and the numbers of CD +3 and CD +4 were increased in the treatment group additionally.The increasing amplitude of the ratio of CD +4 and CD +8 in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group.BODE score index was increased significantly after treatment in both of two groups(P0.05),and the increas-ing amplitude of BODE score index in the treatment group was higher than that of control group.The times of frigorism and acute episode in the treatment group were obviously less than that of control group in one year after receiving the treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Seretide combined with Buxu Pingchuan plaster is an effective method for the treatment of Ⅲ and IV grade stable COPD.The method could improve cellular immu-nity,reduce the times of acute episode,step down the decrease of lung function and relieve the symptoms markedly.


Iris location is an essential preprocessing step in iris recognition applications. In this paper, we put forward an effective method for iris location, primarily inspired from the traditional iris location's ways. Firstly, the picture's histogram is analyzed in order to find the threshold for separating the pupil. After separating the pupil, the pupil's center and radius could be calculated. Finally, we make use of an integro-differential operator for locating the outer-radius of the iris. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is practical.


Introduction. In this article the capabilities of computer modeling application package ATP-EMTP are reviewed, using the example of a computational model of 20 kV power grid with three feeders, which allows to simulate the power grids work in various operations, including the single-phase to earth fault operation. The simulation results in single phase to earth fault operation are illustrated by the corresponding oscillograms. The proposed software can be used for developing and researching by project organizations and, as well as research institutes of Ukraine, because it`s available for free and not much inferior to competitive paid products. The computational model, on the example of which the capabilities of ATP are demonstrated, can be used in the development of new and modernization of existing MV power grids with compensated neutral to evaluate the efficiency of their work during the single-phase to earth fault operation and with the aim of the most rational selecting of appropriate compensation equipment installation and it`s operation algorithms.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: mixing head of liquid-propellant engine (LPE) chamber includes housing, oxidiser supply unit, fuel supply unit, injectors consisting of several coaxially installed sleeves forming annular cavities for supply of fuel and oxidiser, which are installed in mixing head along concentric circles and connect the cavities of units to the cavity of combustion chamber. Annular cavities for supply of fuel components on the side of combustion chamber cavity are covered with spacer plates in which there made are holes for supply of fuel components to combustion zone, and on the side opposite to combustion zone the above cavities are covered with shaped bottom the inner surface of which is stepped. At the bottom there made are radial and axial channels connecting the fuel component supply cavities to the appropriate annular cavities. EFFECT: higher combustion efficiency of fuels of various types at smaller number of mixing elements on injector head of the chamber. 2 dwg


I present a framework for the ecient and stable estimation of matrix ane jump di↵usion (MAJD) volatility models using transform methods. Due to its matrix nature, there are several computational challenges for evaluating the Laplace transform of MAJD models: (i) it contains a multivalued complex logarithm, causing a potentially large bias in option prices, (ii) it is computationally more costly by two orders of magnitude compared to similar scalar models, and (iii) it contains a numerically unstable matrix inversion. To solve these problems, I formulate the matrix rotation count algorithm for the complex logarithm and I propose a volatility-independent approximation of the integration limits for the Cosine Fourier inversion. The latter forms the basis of a fast estimation scheme via a separation of the state- and parameter-dependent parts of the Laplace transform. The results can also be applied to scalar multivariate ane models, as they are nested in the MAJD class.


Subwavelength arrays with some special microstructures can make time-reversed electromagnetic waves focus with super-resolution beyond the diffraction limit in far-field region. This paper presents a novel miniaturized subwavelength array of planar monopoles etched with some microstructured circular slots both in the monopole part and the ground part. It is verified by experimental results that the proposed subwavelength array can exhibit the far-field superresolution property by combining with time-reversed electromagnetic waves. The proposed subwavelength array is compact and easy to design.


Clinical neuropsychology is cross-cultural "when there are significant cultural or language differences between the examiner, examinee, informants, tests, and/or social context" (Judd et al., 2009, p. 128). Clinical neuropsychology, therefore, has been cross-cultural from the earliest examples of cognitive and mental (IQ) testing in the early 20th century, with the translation of the Binet scales from French to English by the American psychologist H. H. Goddard and the administration of the translated battery (by non-Hispanic White psychologists, via oral interpreter) to European immigrants arriving at Ellis Island. This chapter reviews that remote history; the earliest cultural neuropsychological research by A. R. Luria and colleagues in Uzbekistan, Central Asia, in the 1930s; and the more recent decades of "modern" cross-cultural neuropsychological research and practice, from the 1990s to 2018. Unfortunately, the field has most commonly downplayed or ignored the influences of culture and language on neurocognitive testing and clinical neuropsychological assessment in favor of a quantifiable, empiricist, and "universalist" view of brain-behavior relationships. This, in turn, has been problematic for the clinical assessment of rapidly increasing populations of ethnoculturally and linguistically diverse patients. A serious paucity remains of clinical neuropsychologists who are ethnoculturally and linguistically diverse and/or who possess the cross-cultural psychometric knowledge and linguistic fluency to evaluate such patients. Although there are reasons for optimism based in recent decades of research and clinical progress, the extent to which this health care specialty will remain viable and useful to increasingly large portions of US and world populations is uncertain.


ABSTRACT In designing a tool to aid Volkswagen of America in its vehicle distribution system reengineering effort, it was necessary to compute performance measures in terms of both transportation cost and customer service that are functions of probabilistic and dynamic elements. These elements include inventory control policies, demand seasonality, customer demand, customer choice, and transportation delays. To consider all, a simulation approach appears appropriate, but the potential number of alternative designs that need to be evaluated is excessive. Discrete optimization models, on the other hand, help reduce the alternatives; however, it is difficult to incorporate those probabilistic and dynamic elements while keeping the model size manageable. With an innovative use of both types of models iteratively, we were able to solve the real problem that faced Volkswagen in analyzing vehicle distribution system alternatives.  Introduction Volkswagen of America (VoA), a wholly owned subsidiary of Volkswagen AG, imports, markets and distributes Volkswagen and Audi vehicles in the United States. The vehicles are assembled in Mexico or Germany and distributed to a network of approximately 750 dealer sites across the United States. In 1995, VoA management appointed a project team with the mandate to review vehicle distribution process and develop new concepts to serve into the next century. This effort was part of an enterprise wide process of renewal that had begun in early 1994. The existing vehicle distribution process had served the organization over a number of years but was in need of review in light of changes occurring in automotive retailing. The existing system had been developed around two implicit assumptions. The first is that the dealer (retail operator) is the "customer" of the VoA distribution process, not the end user. The logic was that Volkswagen of America distributes to the dealer and the dealer distributes to the end user. The second assumption was that, significant vehicle inventory (60-90 days of sales) carried by the dealer operator creates an incentive (financing cost avoidance) to increase the rate of sales. Thus the distribution system operated as a "push" system. Efficiency was the key performance criteria. Neither of these assumptions were unique to the VoA distribution system, in fact they reflect the dominant logic of vehicle distribution the U.S. auto industry. The push system does have significant limitations. One is that not all customers are able to purchase their first choice configuration of vehicle color and optional equipment. Many manufacturers offer many more vehicle configurations than individual dealers are able to inventory (even carrying 6090 days of sales). Dealers, who are interested in completing sales transactions as quickly as possible, generally offer customers the selection vehicles from their current inventory. If the current inventory does not contain the customer's first choice configuration the dealer may offer a price discount as an


This paper describes the development of an urban development place typology for the New York Metropolitan Region for use in the Regional Plan Association's Fourth Regional Plan. Planners and social scientists have developed many systems for classifying places based on physical, social, economic, and other characteristics, but typically have limited applicability. As part of its Fourth Regional Plan, the Regional Plan Association sought a way to analyze existing conditions and to discern the implications of changes in development patterns over the next 25 years that takes into account the diversity and subtlety of place types in the region between Midtown Manhattan and the Catskills. Using a GIS analysis of spatial data to determine residential density, employment density, impervious surface coverage, intersection density and land use entropy at a scale of a 0.25 square mile grid, we conducted a cluster analysis using these variables. The resulting typologies were then refined by overlaying qualitative spatial data to make distinctions not possible through the cluster analysis (e.g. farmland versus forest preserve), and subsequently ground-truthed by RPA staff, ultimately producing 16 physical place types.


Standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acid:lysine (AA:Lys) ratio experiments are commonly conducted to estimate the AA requirement of pigs relative to lysine (Lys) and allow for accurate diet formulation. The objective of the studies herein was to validate a dietary approach to determine the optimal SID AA:Lys ratio for pigs using tryptophan (Trp) as a model. Four 21-d experiments were conducted in which pigs (337 × 1050; PIC) were fed corn-soybean meal–based diets with 30% corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). A total of 1,188, 1,232, 1,204, and 1,183 pigs with initial BW of 28.5 ± 0.4, 50.1 ± 1.3, 127.0 ± 2.5, and 192.5 ± 2.6 lb were used in experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Each experiment had 11 pens per treatment with 24 to 28 pigs per pen. In Experiment 1, each pen housed the same number of barrows and gilts, whereas in Experiments 2 to 4 only gilts were used. Dietary treatments were: (1) High CP, High Lys, and High Trp:Lys ratio (HHH); (2) Low CP, High Lys, and High Trp:Lys ratio (LHH); (3) Low CP, Low Lys, and High Trp:Lys ratio (LLH); and (4) Low CP, Low Lys, and Low Trp:Lys ratio (LLL). The SID Trp concentrations used were 14.5 vs. 20% of Lys, CP was at least 3 percentage units different, and SID Lys levels were 0.01 percentage unit above the estimated requirement at the expected initial BW and 0.10 or 0.05 percentage units below requirement at the expected final BW of the Experiment 1 (nursery) and Experiments 2, 3, and 4 (finishing), respectively. In Experiment 1, decreasing CP (HHH vs. LHH) did not influence ADG but increased (P < 0.05) F/G. Decreasing Lys (LHH vs. LLH) and decreasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio (LLH vs. LLL) reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and increased (P < 0.05) F/G. In Experiment 2, decreasing CP (HHH vs. LHH) did not affect ADG but increased (P < 0.05) F/G. Decreasing Lys (LHH vs. LLH) and the SID Trp:Lys ratio (LLH vs. LLL) decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and increased (P < 0.05) F/G. In Experiment 3, decreasing CP (HHH vs. LHH) or Lys (LHH vs. LLH) did not influence ADG or F/G. Decreasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio (LLH vs. LLL) reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and increased (P < 0.05) F/G. In Experiment 4, decreasing CP (HHH vs. LHH) did not influence ADG but increased (P < 0.05) F/G. Decreasing Lys (LHH vs. LLH) had no effect on performance, but decreasing the SID Trp:Lys ratio (LLH vs. LLL) reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and increased (P < 0.05) F/G.


Background: Having health insurance is important for several reasons. As studies have shown, uninsured people receive less medical care and less timely care. They have worse health outcomes, and lack of insurance is a fiscal burden for them and their families. This study aimed to assess the relationship between health insurance status and perceived quality of health service at community health center, Sumenep, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at puskesmas (community health centers) in Sumenep, East Java. A total sample of 250 people who visited the puskesmas in Sumenep were selected for this study. The dependent variable was perceived quality of health services. The independent variables were health insurance status, sex, age, education, and job. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple linear regression. Results: Member of health insurance (b= 6.21; CI 95% = 2.75 to -9.68; p<0.001) and female (b= 1.35; CI 95%= -1.35 to -3.23; p<0.001) were associated with better perceived quality of health service. Age (b= 0.50; CI 95%= -2.24 to 3.25; p= 0.72), higher education (b= -0.94; CI 95% = -0.21 to 3.89; p= 0.53), and having a job (b= 0.94; CI 95% = -2.01 to 3.89; p= 0.52) were associated with poorer perceived quality of health services. Conclusion: Member of health insurance and female are associated with better perceived quality of health service. Age, higher education, and having a job are associated with poorer perceived quality of health services.


A method for controlling an air flow through a ventilation grille on a front side of a vehicle comprising the steps of: vehicle operating conditions are detected; a target percentage is calculated on air flow through the ventilation grating on the basis of the target operating conditions; Air flow valves for the ventilation grille the determined desired percentage of a predetermined time interval are long operated in an open position; and the air flow valve for the ventilation grille is actuated a remaining percentage of the predetermined time interval long in a closed position.


Most heart disorders can be diagnosed from the history and clinical examination. But the severity-and therefore the prognosis and appropriate treatment-cannot always be judged on clinical grounds alone. The size and position of congenital defects, the haemodynamic results of valve lesions, the site of coronary arterial stenoses, and the effect of these disorders on cardiac function are all important for proper management. Of course, an intelligent guess can often be made at the bedside, but nowadays a more accurate assessment can be made with modern techniques of cardiac imaging. The benefits of any investigation have to be balanced against the risks. The plain chest radiograph remains popular because it is familiar, painless, and practically harmless. It enables us to gauge the overall heart size, presence of valve calcification, left atrial enlargement, and pulmonary congestion. Its chief value is to detect change, especially in heart size. Similar comments apply to cardiac screening, but this does not leave a permanent record and is largely outmoded. The other traditional method of visualizing the heart is contrast angiography, which is always combined with the measurement of intracardiac pressures. Cardiac catheterization is uncomfortable, sometimes distressing, and occasionally hazardous. Its role is changing,' but it is still essential when the severity of a lesion is in doubt despite the results of other imaging techniques and when coronary arteriography is required. This latter indication is the more common, so much so that an alternative method of visualising the coronary arteries would put most diagnostic catheter laboratories out of business. Within the past decade the quality of echocardiographic images has improved from Polaroid photographs of limited value to excellent strip-chart recordings depicting the movement and thickness of the heart valves, the interventricular septum, and the left ventricular posterior wall and the minor diameter of the ventricular cavities. Abnormalities such as pericardial effusion, left atrial myxoma, and vegetations on the valves can be detected, often with ease and always without harm or discomfort to the patient. It is, indeed, the development of this technique that has led to the decline of cardiac catheterization before valve surgery in some centres.2 Since by no means everyone can produce such good echocardiographs the chief value of the echocardiogram in other centres will remain confirmation of the presence of a disorder rather than assessment of its severity.3 The single piezoelectric crystal of the echocardiographic


The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of Leadership for Learning (LfL) programme on headteachers' performance, focusing on the views of teachers and headteachers in the various public basic schools in the Central Region of Ghana. The design adopted for the study was ex post facto design. The sample size for the study was 393 made up of 24 headteachers, 192 teachers and 177 JHS 1, eight and nine pupils from the 24 public basic schools selected randomly. Twelveheadteachers, 95 teachers and 87 pupils belong to schools whose headteachers participated in the LfL project, while the other 12 headteachers, 97 teachers and 90 pupils belong to schools whose headteachers did not participate in the LfL project. The census method was used to capture all the headteachers and teachers in the 24 selected schools, while the pupils were selected randomly. Questionnaire was used to elicit data from respondents. Data for the study were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that, the LfL programme has influenced both headteachers' and teachers' work performance, and also pupils' academic performance significantly. It is, therefore, recommended to the headteachers that they should request management to ensure that the training programme is expanded to capture more headteachers and circuit supervisors.


Flavocytochrome b2 or L‐lactate dehydrogenase from yeasts catalyzes the oxidation of L‐lactate at the expense of monoelectronic acceptors such as cytochrome c, its physiological partner. When incubated in the presence of both L‐lactate and a keto acid, the enzyme catalyzes a transhydrogenation reaction wherein only the flavin is involved. During this reaction, the substrate α‐hydrogen is transferred not only to the solvent but also in part to the keto acid, which acts as reverse substrate. Thus, when bound to the reduced enzyme, this hydrogen is sticky. In the context of a carbanion mechanism, it resides on Nϵ of His373, the active site base. We have shown before that a correlation between the amount of intermolecular hydrogen transfer from [2‐3H] lactate and the keto acid reverse substrate concentration enables the determination of the first‐order rate constant, kHe for exchange of the substrate‐derived protein‐bound hydrogen with bulk solvent (Urban P, Lederer F, 1985, J Biol Chem 260:11115‐11122). In this work, we show that the exchange with the solvent appears to be independent of the phosphate buffer concentration in the range from 40 to 500 mM. It is thus probable that exchange occurs directly with water molecules. The second‐order rate constant for exchange is then 0.16 (±0.03) M−1 s−1. Using the Eigen equation, this figure yields a pKa of 9.1 ± 0.1 for His373 in the reduced enzyme, compared to a probable value of 6.0 or less in the oxidized enzyme (Suzuki H, Ogura YC, 1970, J Biochem 67:291‐295). The mechanistic significance of these results is discussed.


a great deal of value from the standpoint of lung surgery. Should it ever be possible, however, to procure the necessary subjects, a most valuable contribution would be given to the study of the bronchial tree in the low grade chronic respiratory infections of both children and adults. In many cases these are, unquestionably, to my mind, accompanied by a certain degree of bronchiectasis, probably of the cylindrical variety. Should this investigation be possible, the work of Tallermann of St. Louis on the etiological relationship of lung fibrosis to bronchiectasis would be proven. In the hands of the French observers, the route through the crico-thyroid membrane was found more feasible in children than the transglottic. We are all pleased to learn recently that a substitute for lipiodol, and one equally satisfactory, is now on the market, so that these extremely important investigatory methods need not be given up.


We study how Majorana end modes are manifested in the undriven Kitaev chain model. Zeroenergy end modes appear when the bulk is in a topological phase and are protected by particle-hole symmetry and the bulk spectrum gap. The number of end modes is protected if time-reversal symmetry holds, else the parity is protected. We discuss topological invariants characterising both the cases and classify the phases of the undriven Kitaev chain according to the value of the topological invariant. We discuss Floquet theory as applied to quantum systems. We review how Majorana end modes can be induced by time-periodic driving of various parameters of the Kitaev chain even when the chain is in a trivial phase in the absence of driving. We study the construction of topological invariants that count the number of periodic driving-induced Majorana modes at Floquet eigenvalues ±1 separately. We discuss the divergence of the number of induced end modes as drive frequency decreases. We learn that time-reversal symmetry breaking perturbations disturb the Majorana end modes and move them away from the Floquet eigenvalues ±1. Finally, we study the effects of electron-phonon interactions and random noise in the chemical potential on the induced end modes.


In this study, the effects of borax pentahidrate minerals as a replacement material on properties of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mixtures were investigated. Experimental studies were carried out on the physical and chemical properties such as setting time, specific gravity, chemical compositions, compressive strength and bending strength tests of OPC and borax mixtures. In addition, the experimental test results obtained from these mixtures were compared with the control mix for OPC 42,5 R. Experimental results showed that borax mineral can be used as replacement material up to 10% of OPC in the concrete mixes.


The system comprises a fibre optic cable, which is placed beneath the perimeter joint on its entire length and additionally beneath selected expansion joints on the steep left dam abutment. The permanently installed DTS and additional auxiliary electronic equipment allow for a fully automatic monitoring of the dam. The system will monitor the status of the dam and trigger alarms at predefined status changes.


Introduction: Evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) is the process health care providers (HCPs) use to identify and appraise potential evidence. It supports the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values into the decision-making process for patient care. Competence in this process is essential to delivery of optimal care. There is no objective tool that assesses EBDM across HCP groups. This research aimed to develop a content valid tool to assess knowledge of the principles of evidence-based medicine and the EBDM process, for use with all HCPs. Methods: A Delphi process was used in the creation of the tool. Pilot testing established its content validity with the added benefit of evaluating HCPs' knowledge of EBDM. Descriptive statistics and multivariate mixed models were used to evaluate individual survey responses in total, as well as within each EBDM component. Results: The tool consisted of 26 multiple-choice questions. A total of 12,884 HCPs in Nova Scotia were invited to participate in the web-based validation study, yielding 818 (6.3%) participants, 471 of whom completed all questions. The mean overall score was 68%. Knowledge in one component, integration of evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences, was identified as needing development across all HCPs surveyed. Discussion: A content valid tool for assessing HCP EBDM knowledge was created and can be used to support the development of continuing education programs to enhance EBDM competency.


In this illustrated article, I begin with a question: Do rocks talk? The life, movement and migration of stories – and rocks, as the oldest living beings, have witnessed these histories and transformations (Donald, 2009; Tinker, 2004). This article explores the changing landscapes and stories of our lives, and the places where we live and dwell. It unravels discourses seeped in colonial histories, while recognizing our responsibilities as newcomers and settlers to these places and Indigenous peoples. This métissage of stories speaks to the meaning of places within our lives – and what we can learn from these places, when and if, we are willing to listen. And rocks, as the oldest living beings, always remember.


Abstract  Background and Aim: The ideal strategy for cerebral protection during aortic arch (AA) reconstructive surgery remains undefined. Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) during systemic circulatory arrest (SCA) may provide superior results; however, optimal systemic temperature is undetermined. Our objective was to determine whether "deep" hypothermia is necessary during ACP with SCA, and whether the degree of hypothermia is associated with neurologic outcomes postoperatively. Methods: Retrospective series of 72 consecutive patients (aged 65.9 ± 3.2 years) who underwent AA reconstructive surgery at Vancouver General Hospital using a cerebral protection strategy of ACP with SCA between December 1995 and December 2002. Patients were divided into two groups according to lowest systemic temperature: <22°C (n = 52) and ≥22°C (n = 20). Results: ACP was via right axillary or innominate artery, ± left common carotid cannulation. Median SCA time with ACP was not different between groups. There were four hospital deaths (5.6%) (three from the <22°C group). Eight patients (11.2%) had major neurologic injuries (seven from the <22°C group): 4 (5.6%) permanent (1 fatal) and 4 (5.6%) temporary. There was a trend toward a significantly higher incidence of delirium in the <22°C group than the ≥22°C group (30.8 vs 10.0%, respectively, p = 0.07). Conclusions: In our experience, SCA with ACP was a safe technique for AA reconstructive surgery. The observation of a larger number of major neurologic injuries, and a trend toward a higher incidence of delirium in the <22°C group, suggests that systemic temperatures below 22°C may not be necessary and may be associated with a higher incidence of neurologic injury when using ACP during SCA.


Objective:To explore the influence of treatment and mechanism of Renshengualouezhu Decoction(RGE) on Lewis lung cancer in mice.Methods:Mice Lewis lung cancer models were established,and divided into 5 groups:model control group(NS group),low-dose RGE group,middle-dose RGE group,high-dose RGE group and Cyclophosphamide group(CP group).Then calculated the inhibition rate and used PCR-ELISA to detect the activity of telomerase.Results:The tumor weight of low-dose RGE group,middle-dose RGE group,high-dose RGE group and CP group were significantly decreased(P0.01).Inhibition rate in the middle-dose RGE group reached 47.88%.RGE could reduce the telomerase activity on all dose levels of low,middle or high(P0.01).The middle-dose RGE group was significantly better than the CP group(P0.01).Conclusion:RGE can significantly inhibit the growth of mice Lewis lung cancer.It may be related to its ability to reduce telomerase activity.


In this paper, the performance of a two-way amplify and forward (AF) multi-antenna relay network is presented, where the worse receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the two end users is maximized. We first derive the exact probability density function (PDF) of receive SNR for two users. Then an approximate expression of SNR in the high-SNR regime is obtained. A closed-form average sum bit error rate (BER) approximation is also derived to quantify the performance of the antenna selection system at high SNR. It is shown by simulation that our analytical result is efficient in estimating the network reliability, especially in the high transmit SNR region.


A morphometric analysis of mandibular variation among desert grassland Acrididae was conducted to assess the quantitative correspondence between morphology and specific diet. Mandibles of forbivorous, mixed-feeding and graminivorous species differ in shape as well as in the arrangement of dentes, the differences in shape being evident in mandibular ratios. Mandibular ratios were significantly related to the proportion of the diet comprised of C3 plants or (equivalently, in this case) forbs by rank correlation analysis. Phylogenetic constraints appear to be responsible for the single exception to this relationship.


In this research, author modeled numerically the process of motion of a helium atom with different velocities inside the C60 fullerene sphere. The approaches of classical mechanics and the formalism of the intermolecular interaction potential (Lennard-Jones potential) were used to create physical and mathematical models. The transverse dimensions of the area inside the fullerene molecule in which the selected particle (helium atom) moves was obtained.


With inequality returning to historically high levels, intergenerational mobility has attracted growing attention from policy makers and academics. The authors use recently published county-level data to study the determinants of intergenerational mobility, measured by income levels and teen birth rates. Following Solon's mobility model, the authors study the impacts of public investment in human capital, returns to human capital, and taxation. The results show that better school quality and higher returns to education increase adult incomes and reduce teen birth rates for children from low-income families. By comparing counties within or adjacent to metropolitan areas to other counties, the authors find that urban upward mobility is sensitive to parents' education, while nonurban upward mobility is sensitive to migration opportunities. Human Capital and Intergenerational Mobility in U.S. Counties 1 0 | N E R C R D | 2 0 1 8 A N N U A L R E P O R T • Beer and Spirits: Supplying the Craft Beverage Boom with Local Ingredients Western PA has experienced a recent boom in local breweries and distilleries, but the supply chain supporting these businesses is not well understood. A Penn State Extension team including NERCRD Associate Director Heather Manzo conducted research to assess current and future production levels and supply chain actors and to identify future potential for local and regional sourcing of ingredients. While the study focused on Western PA, some findings may be useful to other Northeast states. Read more at https://bit.ly/2Dbietm. • Reid, Neil, Paul D. Gottlieb, Elizabeth Dobis, Stephan J. Goetz, and Anil Hira. "The Rise of Craft Beer and Its Impact on Demand for Local Hops." Presented at the International Geographical Union (IGU) Commission on the Dynamics of Economic Spaces Conference on Rural-Urban Linkages for Sustainable Development: An Economic Geography Perspective, Innsbruck, Austria, July 19, 2018. • Dobis, Elizabeth A., Anil Hira, Paul D. Gottlieb, Stephan J. Goetz, and Neil Reid. "Grapes and Wineries in the United States: Geographic Location and Industrial Colocation." Presented at the 12th Annual American Association of Wine Economists Conference, Ithaca, NY, June 12, 2018. Beer, Wine, and Spirits: Exploring Economic Opportunities for Rural Areas The craft beverage industry is growing, and Northeast Center researchers are shedding light on implications for rural areas. Regional Economic Development as a New Theoretical Framework This project, funded by the Economic Development Administration and led by Indiana University, seeks to build models and analytical tools that will help policy makers and practitioners craft development strategies and policies tailored to a region's characteristics and capacities. Northeast Center Postdoctoral Researcher Zheng Tian is contributing to this research, focusing on industrial agglomeration. Tian presented some of his findings at the Southern Regional Science Meetings in Philadelphia, PA in March 2018, and at the Regional Studies Association Global Conference in China in June 2018. 11 | N E R C R D | 2 0 1 8 A N N U A L R E P O R T Workshops, Panels, and Special Sessions: Leveraging Our Network of Experts to Create Lasting Knowledge Impacts The Northeast Center is well-positioned to organize special events that convene experts from across the country and internationally to address economic development issues and to gain new perspectives. In 2018, we organized four such events: Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association (NAREA) pre-conference workshop Organized by the Northeast Center and held in June in Philadelphia, this workshop attracted 25+ around the theme of "Advances in the Economic Analysis of Food System Drivers and Effects." The workshop brought together policy makers, practitioners, and scientists working on various aspects of the food system, with the goal of understanding outcomes produced by the current system, and the factors or drivers causing these outcomes. It also featured a special presentation on the EFSNE project (see page 15). Presentations are archived on the NERCRD website (https://bit.ly/2AZyBaL), and papers will be published in a special issue of Agricultural and Resource Economics Review. This event was made possible through a competitively awarded NIFA conference grant. Two Special Sessions at the 2018 Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA) meeting Co-organized with Southern Center Director Steve Turner (Mississippi State), NERCRD Board Member Tim Wojan (ERS), and NERCRD TAC Chair Paul Gottlieb (Rutgers), these sessions took place in August in Washington, DC. One panel explored implications of the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2017 (HR 4174), jointly sponsored by House Speaker Ryan and Senator Murray. The other explored landgrant universities and rural development, and included presentations on the rural public health crisis, the Stronger Economies Together program, and an overview by NERCRD TAC member Heather Stephens (West Virginia University) of culture conflict between land-grant academics and politicians. See https://bit.ly/2sriBcX. Special Session at the 2018 Conference of the PA Chapter of American Planning Association Northeast Center Director Stephan Goetz organized a special session for this conference that focused on how rural areas can contend with the changing nature of the economy, and specifically on the potential roles of the planning community in supporting new opportunities. Topics covered include demographic and economic changes affecting rural areas, the roles of entrepreneurship and innovation, tourism opportunities, and food systems development. The conference took place in October in Erie, PA. European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Meeting and Young Scholars Sessions At this year's ERSA meeting, Stephan Goetz coconvened with Timothy Slaper (Indiana University) four sessions on Regional Characteristics and Vulnerability to Economic Shocks, in addition to serving as both a discussant and a presenter at the meeting, which took place in August in Cork, Ireland. Goetz also chaired and moderated a Young Scientists Session (YSS), organized each year at the ERSA Congress to provide a special platform for paper presentations by young scientists with an in-depth discussion of the papers by senior scholars in the field. The YSS are organized according to two principles: • Offering more time for each presentation, to increase the amount of feedback a young scientist receives, and to provide more opportunity for other young scientists to participate in scientific discussions. • Assigning specialist discussants, experts in the specific field, to each paper that is presented. "Thanks for putting


Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in the Middle East, including United Arab Emirates. It remains a conundrum why rickets selectively affects certain infants, and not others with similar vitamin D status. During the lactation period, calcium supply to the infant is provided through the breast milk by mobilization of mineral stores from the bone. Our primary aim was to examine the vitamin D status and the maternal bone mineral density (BMD) and the secondary aim to provide a descriptive analysis of the biochemical status of mothers whose infants were diagnosed with nutritional rickets.The study was conducted at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC) and analyzed at VPS Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Data was retrospectively extracted from the files and computerized database for the period from June 2005 till December 2007. Biochemical testing was performed by methods previously described. BMD was studied by dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA) using Hologic, Inc. –Discovery QDR Series (Bedford, MA, USA). 57% of mothers had normal BMD, 40% had osteopenia and 2.5% had osteoporosis. The T score of the spine was significantly lower than that of the hip (mean difference 0.44, 95% CI 0.55-0.83, P = 0.02). By multiple regression, only the child's 25(OH) D concentration acted as a predictor of maternal BMD (P= 0.03). The finding of decreased bone density in women of child bearing age raises the possibility of a bidirectional influence between the mother-child dyad. The lactational calcium supply may be limited in children destined to develop rickets.


FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has means for magnetizing arranged relative to detector means in a position that magnetic field produced by the means for magnetizing is weakened at the magnetized place by at least factor 10 or preferentially by factor 1000 or more at the place the sample is disposed for measuring period. A switch usable for turning off the magnetic field produced by means for magnetizing at the place the sample is present at given time being in particular measuring phase of detector means. EFFECT: low cost and standardized magnetorelaxation analyte detection in vitro and in vivo. 32 cl, 5 dwg


The Characeae are multicellular green algae, which are closely related to higher plants. Their internodal cells are a convenient model to study membrane transport and organelle interactions.


The single-grained YBCO high Tc superconducting (HTS) offer applications in the field of superconducting screening fault current limiters (SSFCL) in electric power networks. The current limiting mechanism is related to the magnetic shielding effect of superconductors. Current limitation can be accomplished by means of the nonlinear impedance of a transformer with the primary winding carrying the power circuit current and the short-circuited secondary winding consisting of rings of single grained Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) material. The latter remains superconductive at normal load level, which act as a magnetic flux shielding device to provide low impedance. If a defined current level is exceeded, a sufficient high magnetic flux is generated to penetrate the HTS ring. The secondary winding turns resistive, and provides a high impedance which limits the prospective fault current. Ring-shaped single grained YBCO disks with different thickness and Jc(H) were produced by the top-seeding melt-textured (TSMT) method. The relationship between the superconducting properties and the current limiting performance are reported.


In order to improve the reusability of software development, different functional modules are usually designed to divide into different DLL(dynamic link library). Been compiled with the main program, if the DLL files have been modified, it is necessary to modify the main program and recompile the entire project, or the original main program cannot use the new DLL file. Therefore, to solve this problem, this paper proposes a DLL dynamic loading Mechanism based on.Net, by what DLL files can be modified and dynamically loaded without recompiling the entire project. This method provides a reliable guarantee for the progress of the project.


This paper deals with output voltage characteristics analysis of outage and phase jump generator. As soon as the outage occurs the STS(Solid Transfer Switch)s are switched off. At the beginning of the outage the DG is required to limit the reverse current within the rated DG output current. In case of phase jump the DG output voltage phase should be adjusted with PLL. Simulation results show the output voltage characteristics of the generator.


DSP operation in a Biomedical related therapeutic hardware need to be performed with high accuracy and with high speed. Portable DSP hardware's like pulse/heart beat detectors must perform with reduced operational power due to lack of conventional power sources. This work proposes a hybrid biomedical hardware chip in which the speed and power utilization factors are greatly improved. Multipliers are the core operational unit of any DSP SoC. This work proposes a LUT based unsigned multiplication which is proven to be efficient in terms of high operating speed. For n bit input multiplication n*n memory array of 2n bit size is required to memorize all the possible input and output combination. Various literature works claims to be achieve high speed multiplication with reduced LUT size by integrating a barrel shifter mechanism. This paper work address this problem, by reworking the multiplier architecture with a parallel operating pre-processing unit which used to change the multiplier and multiplicand order with respect to the number of computational addition and subtraction stages required. Along with LUT multiplier a low power bus encoding scheme is integrated to limit the power constraint of the on chip DSP unit. This paper address both the speed and power optimization techniques and tested with various FPGA device families.


Abstract In their recent work, Ries and Trout (1993) have attributed many market failures to marketers inaccurate assumption that they are fighting a product battle based on reality. They urge marketers to adjust their positioning practices by considering marketing as a battle of perceptions-consumers' perceptions. While this topic has attracted much attention both among academics and practitioners in the domestic market, little work has been done to suggest how this line of thinking can be applied in an international context. This study illustrates the application of perceptual mapping to help marketers formulate positioning strategies for consumer nondurables (deodorants) across country markets (US and Mexico).


This paper presents the design of a general-purpose, real-time image processing architecture, required for developing proof of principle demonstrations of military image processing applications. The main requirements of the architecture are to provide a scaleable, modular parallel processing framework, with very high bandwidth (at least 64 MByte s-1) point to point interprocessor communications. The architecture is heterogeneous, and a particular combination of processors may be chosen according to the application. A strong emphasis has been placed on the use of open standards, both for the hardware and software, and, where possible, COTS products are used. (6 pages)


Stability and Vibrations of Thin-Walled Composite Structures presents engineering and academic knowledge on the stability (buckling and post buckling) and vibrations of thin walled composite structures like columns, plates, and stringer stiffened plates and shells, which form the basic structures of the aeronautical and space sectors.

Currently, this knowledge is dispersed in several books and manuscripts, covering all aspects of composite materials. The book enables both engineers and academics to locate valuable, up-to-date knowledge on buckling and vibrations, be it analytical or experimental, and use it for calculations or comparisons. The book is also useful as a textbook for advanced-level graduate courses.


We consider in-band full-duplex (FD) vehicular access networks in which a FD vehicular access point (AP) with high mobility simultaneously supports half-duplex (HD) downlink and uplink users with low mobility. We assume no self-interference due to FD operation at the AP and no channel state information known at the transmit side (no channel state information at the transmitter side). We completely characterize the sum degrees of freedom (DoF) by proposing an optimal blind interference alignment scheme, which exploits the difference of channel's temporal correlations between the AP and users, and establishing the matching upper bound on the sum DoF. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme improves the sum rate at the finite signal-to-noise ratio regime compared to the conventional HD system.


This article explores aspects of the relation between language, meaning, and method in human science research. Phenomenology poses two distinct challenges: the thematic and the expressive dimensions of inquiry, which have implications for semantic and mantic, discursive and nondiscursive understanding. When we turn from thematic meaning to expressive meaning, then the question we ask turns from "What does the text speak about?" to "How does the text speak?" Bachelard, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Wittgenstein in different ways have employed the idea of mantic meaning to refer to that imagery of language that can bring about, in the reader, a phenomenological reverberation. The formative power of phenomenological texts lies precisely in this resonance that the word can effect. Research literature has focused primarily on the thematic aspects of human science method. Here, guiding principles of human science method will be explored that aim at strengthening the expressive-mantic dimension of phenomenology.


This paper explores the observations and perceptions of school children as they engage with nature through place based environmental experiences. The paper reports on two projects, one based in the USA and the other in Australia, designed to promote understanding of sustainability through outdoor interventions. While the interventions share common educational goals the children came from very different places, on many levels. From New York City to regional Australia the children's collective experiences highlight the capacity of outdoor-based interventions to promote understandings of nature. Originating and enacted in different hemispheres, both interventions demonstrate the value of passive outdoor education in developing eco-centric thinking and values.


A magnetoconductometric effect was found under pulsed magnetic action (B = 0.1–1 T)
on a single crystal of the superionic conductor Pb0.67Cd0.33F2 (cubic symmetry, space group
Fm¯3m, unit cell parameter a = 5.7575 A). The static electrical conductivity σdc was determined from
impedance spectra in the frequency range (5–5)×105 Hz. In the absence of magnetic influence (B = 0)
the ionic conductivity of a superionic crystal is σdc = 1.4×10–4 S/cm. When applying a magnetic field
(B = (0.1−1) T) it increases, reaching σdc = 9.5 10−4 S/cm and σdc(B)/σdc(0) = 6.8 at B = 1 T.
The nature of the magnetoconductometric effect in the superionic Pb0.67Cd0.33F2 is discussed in connection with the features its atomic structure.


The deadbeat synchronization of identical discrete-time nonlinear systems is studied from a geometric point of view. An array of deadbeat observers coupled via a deadbeat interconnection is shown to achieve synchronization in finite number of steps provided that a compatibility condition is satisfied between the observer and the interconnection. As an illustration to the theory, an example is provided where an array of third order observers achieves deadbeat synchronization.


Abstract A novel differential dual-frequency patch antenna using a coupling feed is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of a radiation patch with two U-shaped slots, two differential I-shaped feeding aluminum blocks, and a ground. Two resonant frequencies are realized by two slots in the radiation patch. The lower resonant frequency is mainly controlled by the dimension of the radiation patch. The upper resonant frequency is mainly determined by the length of the slots. The two I-shaped feeding aluminum blocks can broaden the bandwidth of the proposed antenna. Simulated and measured results agree well. Measured results show that this proposed antenna can operate at 1.03 and 1.75 GHz with fractional bandwidths of 7.0% and 19.6%, respectively. This proposed antenna can operate with symmetrical radiation pattern, high gain, and low cross-polarization.


High-density and uniform-sized FeCo alloy nanowires were prepared by electro deposition of Fe2+ and Co2+ into Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with two different diameters. These templates were fabricated with three-step anodization method. The additional anodization after the 2nd anodization step resulted in the decrease of the thickness of bottom barrier layer. It found an optimum condition to obtain a successful electrodeposition of Fe2+ and Co2+ into AAO templates. The nanowires with the diameters of 25 nm and 80 nm were homogeneously embedded in the AAO templates and their magnetic properties were strongly affected by diameters of nanowire.


This work presents a demonstration of a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) matched, high heat flux vapor chamber directly integrated onto the backside of a direct bond copper (DBC) substrate to improve heat spreading and reduce thermal resistance of power electronics modules. Typical vapor chambers are designed to operate at heat fluxes > 25 W/cm 2 with overall thermal resistances < 0.20 °C/W. Due to the rising demands for increased thermal performance in high power electronics modules, this vapor chamber has been designed as a passive, drop-in replacement for a standard heat spreader. In order to operate with device heat fluxes >500 W/cm 2 while maintaining low thermal resistance, a planar vapor chamber is positioned onto the backside of the power substrate, which incorporates a specially designed wick directly beneath the active heat dissipating components to balance liquid return and vapor mass flow. In addition to the high heat flux capability, the vapor chamber is designed to be CTE matched to reduce thermally induced stresses. Modeling results showed effective thermal conductivities of up to 950 W/m-K, which is 5 times better than standard copper-molybdenum (CuMo) heat spreaders. Experimental results show a 43°C reduction in device temperature compared to a standard solid CuMo heat spreader at a heat flux of 520 W/cm 2 . INTRODUCTION There is a strong demand in the power electronics industry for modules with higher power densities and increased reliability [1-3]. Wide bandgap semiconductors (e.g. silicon carbide) are prime candidates for next-generation high-power switching for military, as well as commercial applications due to superior electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties compared to silicon (Si). For example, recent developments have given rise to silicon carbide (SiC) devices capable of power densities >500 W/cm 2 and maximum junction temperatures of 200°C. However, current state-of-the-art packaging is limited to heat dissipation of 200 W/cm 2 and 150°C. In order for SiC device technology to fully realize its potential, advanced packaging technologies need to be developed that are capable of handling the increased heat flux and higher temperatures.


Social development and requirement need construction and application of China national veterinary examination system.Before the national veterinary practice examination system was implemented,local pet-veterinarian examination has been performed in some major cities like Beijing and Shanghai.The national pet-veterinarian examination system is divided into primary,middle and high-grade levels,and the examination was composed of written examination and clinical skill.The establishment of China national pet-veterinarian examination system and examination content was described.


Lists, and the practice of listing, provide avenues of insight into Bình, the protagonist in Monique Truong's The Book of Salt (2003). Working as a cook in the infamous Stein Salon in Old World Paris, Bình, a narrative footnote extracted from The Alice B. Cook Book (1954), exercises a linguistic and culinary grasp shown to rival the resident darling couple's own modernist projects. Demonstrating the narrator's artistry under the radar, the list represents a formal feature that stages the particularities of queer aesthetics against the humanist backdrop represented by Gertrude Stein and Alice Toklas. As the novel spans geographical coordinates and varied temporalities, Bình's curious expression of choice prompts narratological overlooking even as it tracks the desires of diasporic bodies and the taste of cherished dishes. Exercised with remarkable restraint, the generative accretions of running catalogs and errant recipes represent small acts of creativity in the novel. Simultaneously, the practice of listing foregrounds the enumerations as tactical sites of interruption and deferral, to constitute a critical methodology that reflects the list-maker's precarity as a queer Vietnamese exile. This essay attends to the achievements of a minoritarian character who casts a shadow in the familiar archives of high modernism, as the "superficial" stylistic feature of the list opens up The Book of Salt to larger reflections on the intimate ties between coloniality and avant-garde experimentation.


The target of Shell Eco‐marathon competition of vehicle is to drive a fixed distance with the lowest quantity of fuel. To win the competition, the fuel cell‐powered propulsion system needs to be ultra efficient since the fuel cell system and transmission system are the key effects on the performance of the fuel cell‐powered propulsion system. In this study, a high‐efficiency fuel cell propulsion system has been designed and integrated in a prototype vehicle to participate the Shell Eco‐marathon Asia 2018 race. To achieve that, the vehicle dynamic is modeled to make the selection of the key components, and some experiments have been conducted to obtain the properly vehicle driving strategy. Based on the results of vehicle dynamic analysis, a high specific power proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack with 1000 W and a high‐performance direct current (DC) brushless motor (1000 W) are selected to build the propulsion system of the Shell Eco‐marathon vehicle. Based on the experimental result, the racing time (1300‐1440 seconds) and varied range of racing speed (23‐27 km/h) are selected as the driving strategy. Finally, the efficiency of the fuel cell‐powered vehicle is analyzed. In the race at the year of 2018, the designed vehicle won the first place.


what about the importance of introducing the history of foundations of science as an essential part of the culture of teaching education to the extent of considering such a discipline - in its turn - as an indissoluble pedagogical element of history and culture? and in this sense, by introduction of history of foundations of science, how can the role played by textbook for secondary school change? thus, if a textbook changes, how the teachers should change? What kind of profile? finally, in my opinion, we should not loose the certainty of a critical thought on science... turning from teaching based on principles to teaching (also) based on large and cultural foundational themes related with ad hoc foundations-sociological-epistemological aspects of science. prominent and high quality secondary school teaching and university-academic centres research programs are crucial for the development of interest in the history of science and its cultural implications. on occasion of the 5 th international congress of The European Society for History of Science (www.eshs.org) which will be held in athens (Greece) on 1-3 november, 2012 in athens: 32 symposia on history of sciences correlated with science education philosophy, epistemology, historical epistemology and anthropology of sciences are available for the 5 th international eshs conference. particularly one of the symposium aims will be to discuss contributions from history and philosophy of sciences and science education in the curricula of european secondary high schools. next an international congress on history of physics and astronomy (XXXii sisfa 2012) will be held in Abstract The study investigated the relationship between Organizational Identity and Public and Private Senior Secondary School Effectiveness in South West Nigeria. To put the study on course, three hypotheses were formulated. In the same vein, three separate instruments were designed and constructed to collect pertinent data namely the School Identity Questionnaire (SIQ), the School Effectiveness Questionnaire (SEQ) and Performance Records of Students in West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (WASSCE). While the first instrument measured identity, the other two simultaneously measured effectiveness. There was a total sample of 2,400 students from 120 sample schools at 20 students per 20 schools in each of the six South West States - Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo. Also, a total of 120 principals participated in the study. The Questionnaires were subjected to content and construct validity as well as split-half reliability test. The reliability coefficient for the SIQ was found to be 0.86 and for the SEQ was 0.90. The data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis employing the Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis to test Hypotheses 1and 2, and the Analysis of Variance to test Hypothesis 3. Results of the analysis indicate that there is no significant relationship between organizational identity and school effectiveness in the two categories of schools separately, public and private. However, a significant relationship was found to exist between organizational identity and school effectiveness in private schools only when WASSCE Results were used as a measure of effectiveness. Results also show that a significant difference exists in organizational identity and school effectiveness between public and private senior secondary schools irrespective of the instrument used in measuring effectiveness. Recommendations were then made, in the light of the results, among which are that some degree of autonomy should be given to senior secondary schools for them to grow and develop their identity and effectiveness and, that the identity and effectiveness should regularly be monitored and measured for school improvement purposes.


The supply chain consists of those activities assoc iated with manufacturing from raw material acquisit ion to final product delivery. Because of the recently changed environmental requi rements that affect manufacturing operations and tr ansportation systems, growing attention is given to the development of en vironment management strategies for supply chains. A green supply chain aims at confining the wastes within the industrial system s o as to conserve energy and prevent the dissipation of harmful materials into the environment. Frequently researches in study on driv ers of Green Supply Chain Management are criticized for its narrow perspectives and lack of industrial relevance. So, it is a real need to find improved processes for adoption and im plementation of Green practices Green image in Manufacturing Industries. In the cur rent competitive scenario, the driver of Green Supp ly Chain Management assumes a significant importance and call for serio us research attention. The aim of this paper is to examining the Green practices in the selected Indian Manufacturing Companies. The ma in objectives of this paper are to gain critical and crucial drivers for implementation of Green Supply Chain Management in Indian Manufacturing Industries in various sectors likewise, two wheeler, four wheeler, and General Manufacturing sector wise comp anies. This paper has attempted to fill the gaps in the contemporary research in the study on drivers of Green Supply Chain Manageme nt in selected Indian corporate sectors. It is obse rved that Driver, DF10 i.e. 'Employees Motivation, health & Safety' have more i


What decisions lie behind the way a book is designed? How are readers of books helped or hindered by the choices that a designer, publisher or printer has made in presenting an author's text to its intended audience? Are there any lessons we can learn from a study of books produced over the last 500 years? In this study of book design of the past five centuries, Alan Bartram looks at the successes and failures of his predecessors. Some classics of layout and production are examined, and Bartram looks with fresh eyes at a varied range of books published in Western Europe and America in that period. From the generally uncluttered layout of the Italian books of the Renaissance, the fashion changed to the more ornamental designs of the French. Later on the mass production of books during the 19th century resulted in a lowering of standards, which in turn left the field clear for the elegant books produced by the private presses of the day. The attention to detail given by theses private presses has had a marked influence on current designers and publishers, some of whose books are examined here. This visual history of book design and production is intended for a wide audience - students of graphic design and the history of the book, bibliophiles, collectors and all who are interested in the visual communication of ideas


The first part of the study concerns Peter as the witness to Resurrected Messiah. Peter, as the head of the Twelve, is presented by Luke in three elements regarding the proclaiming of the kerygma. The first regards proclaiming the kerygma to inhabitants of Jerusalem, the second concerns the proclaiming the kerygma during the conflict with the Sanhedrin, and third shows his stand for the truth of the kerygma. The study focuses on Peter's contribution to shaping the basis of Christian doctrine.


Having recently become an important research topic, indoor tracking in a multi-floor building delivers comprehensive and efficient location-based services. In this paper, we present a deep learning (DL)-based indoor multi-floor tracking scheme, that is independent of infrastructure and only uses the smartphone as a terminal device to measure and analyze the user's mobility information. Our method detects the floor transition according to changes in barometer readings. We compiled the time-series barometer data to train the DL model, and applied the data augmentation method to avoid overfitting and data imbalances during model training. Furthermore, we developed a floor decision algorithm to process the DL model's output and generate the floor detection result. In the proposed scheme, the smartphone's inertial measurement unit sensors are used to measure the user's mobility information, and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is exploited to update the user's 2D location. We implemented the multi-floor tracking by combining the floor detection algorithm with PDR. To avoid the accumulated error problem that commonly arises in the infrastructure-free approach, the calibration nodes (CN) were configured in the floor plan to correct the estimated location by matching the possible CNs during the floor transition. We conducted several experiments in multi-floor buildings to evaluate our scheme's performance, and found that our floor detection method achieves a 99.6% average floor number accuracy, with all floor transition types (i.e., stairs, elevator) being successfully recognized. Furthermore, we compared localization performance with the conventional methods to validate the effectiveness of our approach.


Taking sports industry in northern Shaanxi as research object,by using literature survey method,expert consultation method and questiomaire approach,this paper made empirical studies of the development status of Shaanxi sports industry and systematically analyzed the restricting factors of the development industry in Northern Shaanxi.On this basis,the countermeasures of development of the sports industry in northern Shaanxi were proposed in order to provide reference for the development of the sports industry in northern Shaanxi.