Determining knowledge as the basic development factor, as the main medium of exchange and use, information-oriented society makes high demands of the modern person, consisting not only in possessing necessary set of knowledge, but in being able to learn life-long. At the same time knowledge itself, changing its nature, demands new methods of working with it, new ways of 'management'. In the article the author determines some reasons for changing of modern university education system, where the necessity of meta-abilities forming is the main one. Analyzing the ways of this task solution, the author considers the knowledge management program use as a necessary component for ensuring optimal conditions for creating, identifying, capturing and sharing knowledge with others. The author identifies key elements of the program, necessary conditions for its realization and ways of its practical use


Eight Ions Gontent in different parts of grminate Poplar which collocted from Hetao-irrigated district was analysed. The research showed that K~(+) and Na~(+) content in the leafe was the highest in May and decreased progressively later, Ca~(2+) increase progressively since May. One year branch and many year branches SO~(2-)_(4) increased progressively from May (April). The heartwood and sidewood for Cl~(-), HCO~(-)_(3) and Ca~(2+) are hith from April to low June to high October. Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in root are comparatively stable. There is no CO~(2-)_(3) in any part at any month.


A new apple cultivar Dounan which was introduced from Japan was used as materials.A pair of apple primers(P1:5′-TTTACGCAGCAATATCAG-3′;P2:5′-ACGTTCGGCCAAATA/CATT-3′) were designed according to the conserved sequence of amino acid.A new self-incompatibility allele-S33 was isolated with PCR-RFLP analysis and DNA sequencing of the aim the fragment.The fragment length was 348bp including P1,C2 region and HV(intron:147bp) region.


Biocompatibilities of a novel PLA-PVP amphiphilic copolymers were studied by hemolysis test,dynamic coagulation test,platelet adhesion test and cellular toxicity test.The effect of the copolymer composition on its biocompatibilities was also investigated.Results of hemolysis ratio,blood-clotting time and platelet adhesion show that the blood compatibility of the amphiphilic copolymers meets the requirements of the biological standards of biomaterial,and is improved with the increasing of feed molar fraction of hydrophilic NVP.The result of cellular toxicity test indicate that the copolymers are nontoxic to the growth of cells.By adding hydrophilic PVP,biocompatibility of the amphiphilic copolymers is improved as compared with that of PLA.


The goal of this paper is to obtain sufficient and (different) necessary conditions for a series, which is absolutely summable of order by a triangular matrix method,, to be such that is absolutely summable of order by a triangular matrix method. As corollaries, we obtain two inclusion theorems.


1. A system for dispensing of water for a vehicle, comprising: a connecting unit in the storage location of said vehicle; drinks bar detachably coupled to said docking unit, said bar drinks comprising a container for water, a device for dispensing water and a power unit, configured to supply electric power of said bar with beverages when disconnecting said bar beverage from said connection unit; a device for dispensing water into the interior of said vehicle; and a pipe adapted for connection of said bar to said beverage dispensing device for water in said interior; wherein, when the said bar with the beverages in said docking unit, the water from said water container is able to be pumped through said tube in said apparatus for dispensing water in said compartment and wherein, upon removal of said bar with a drink from said connection unit, said power supply adapted to supply said bar with napitkami.2. The system of claim. 1, characterized in that said removable drinks bar element comprises a water cooling and water heating element, and wherein said power supply is configured to supply electricity to said elementov.3. The system of claim. 1, characterized in that said device for dispensing water in said cabin comprises means for inputting signals, said device input signal is adapted to activate the pump, and said pump is configured to pump water through said tube from said container


Cloud computing is a technology that is built on the theory of virtualizationthe idea to allow multiple virtual machines to share the resources of a host. One of the features of virtualization is live migration. This feature will allow one or more virtual machines to be migrated from one host to another without interfering with applications running on those virtual machines. However, there are many security issues associated with virtual machine live migration, which discourages many IT managers of taking advantage of this technology. This survey discusses live migration security issues, along with possible attacks before, during, and after migration. In addition, this survey discovers some known methodologies that aim to secure virtual machine live migration. Keywords—component; VM; virtualization; VMM; cloud computing; live migration security.


This paper presents an effective scheduling scheme called semi-persistent scheduling for VoIP service in LTE system. The main challenges of effectively supporting VoIP service in LTE system are 1) the tight delay requirement combined with the frequent arrival of small packets of VoIP traffic and 2) the scarcity of radio resources along with control channel restriction in LTE system. Simulation results show that semi-persistent scheduling can support high system capacity while at the same time guaranteeing the QoS requirements such as packet delay and packet loss rate of VoIP. Furthermore, semi- persistent scheduling requires less control signaling overhead which is very important for efficient resources utilization in a practical system.


Machine learning and artificial intelligence are invaluable for computer systems optimization: as computer systems expose more resources for management, ML/AI is necessary for modeling these resources' complex interactions. The standard way to incorporate ML/AI into a computer system is to first train a learner to accurately predict the system's behavior as a function of resource usage- e.g., to predict energy efficiency as a function of core usage-and then deploy the learned model as part of a system-e.g., a scheduler. In this paper, we show that (1) continued improvement of learning accuracy may not improve the systems result, but (2) incorporating knowledge of the systems problem into the learning process improves the systems results even though it may not improve overall accuracy. Specifically, we learn application performance and power as a function of resource usage with the systems goal of meeting latency constraints with minimal energy. We propose a novel generative model which improves learning accuracy given scarce data, and we propose a multi-phase sampling technique, which incorporates knowledge of the systems problem. Our results are both positive and negative. The generative model improves accuracy, even for state-of-the-art learning systems, but negatively impacts energy. Multi-phase sampling reduces energy consumption compared to the state-of-the-art, but does not improve accuracy. These results imply that learning for systems optimization may have reached a point of diminishing returns where accuracy improvements have little effect on the systems outcome. Thus we advocate that future work on learning for systems should de-emphasize accuracy and instead incorporate the system problem's structure into the learner.


This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of three types of kindergarten curricula in promoting national consciousness among Jordanian kindergarten children. The Ex post facto research design employed where a comparison was conducted between three types of kindergarten curricula on a sample of 120 children. A national test was used where it was found that there were statistically significant differences between respondents' national consciousness levels was attributed to the used curriculum while the modern comprehensive developmental curricula was the most effective curriculum for promoting national consciousness. Additionally, respondents who were enrolled in a kindergarten have higher national consciousness levels than those who did not enroll. It was found that there was no difference between respondents' national consciousness levels that can be attributed to their gender. Furthermore, there has been no difference between respondents' national consciousness levels which can be attributed to the interaction between respondents' gender and type of curriculum.


Lattice Boltzmann method is a new numerical method of investigating the fluid flow which have been sovled by Navier-Stokes equation recently. It is known that making the single and parallel algorithms of the Lattice Boltzmann equation is easier than those of Navier-Stokes equations. Also, we can simulate the two phase flow using either the "Interaction Potential model" introduced by Shan and Chen(1993) or "Red and Blue model" by Rothman et al.(1991). In this paper, we first compared the 3D cavity results of Lattice Boltzmann method with other numerical results for validation and showed the 3D phase transition and its simple application by using the "Interaction Potential model".


Sodium chloride in the water used for making concrete leads to corrosion of reinforcement bars Reinforced Cement Concrete works. In course of time, corrosion continues to reduce the steel reinforcement and weakens the reinforcement .corrosion of steel bars in concrete is a serious problem from both the economic and structural integrity standpoint. Corrosion in reinforced concrete structures can be reduced by bringing down the chloride level in the water used for making. To study the strength, micro structural and corrosion resistance characteristics of fly ash blended cement concrete with 3% addition of diethanolomine as inhibitor, experimentally and evaluate its performance with that of fly ash blended cement concrete without inhibitor. Reinforcement concrete is the common materials used in most parts of the construction world which needs less maintenance when compared to steel structures. But the reliability of Reinforced Concrete structures mainly depends on the steel embedded in concrete. The pH value of the pore water inside the concrete mix and the passive layer around the steel surface determines the corrosion rate of steel. In this work the effect of organic inhibitor – diethanolomine in concrete is studied. The inhibitor added in concrete with correct proportion and proper curing makes a substantial improvement in enhancing the protection of embedded reinforcing steel in concrete from corrosive agents. The various mix proportion used for test are 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of cement with fly ash. The reliability analysis can be used to measure the degree of conservation associated with the deterministic analysis & that repair intervention of deteriorating structures can safely be delayed by carrying out a reliability analysis. The results were analyses in the reliability analysis. The reliability index of the beam is calculated and a graph plotted. From the graph the intervention time of the concrete specimens is studied.


Reasonable sintering granulating can better respond to changes of raw materials,and a higher sintering utilization coefficient and better reducibility can be obtained.It was discovered from experimental study that when using traditional sintering granulating process to treat iron ores such as porous limonite,the sintering productivity,cold strength and reducibility decline;when using layered granulating process based on raw material properties,not only over-melting of sinter can be reduced,but also liquid flow can be improved,therefore,the strength of sinter is improved significantly,the sintering bed permeability increases,and utilization coefficient is increased remarkably.


The condition monitoring of the rotor bar in the squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) is performed with various contact methods and non-contact methods. The various contact methods are zero sequence current spectrum measurement, non-uniform time resampling of current, motor current spectrum analysis, vibration measurement, etc. Non-contact methods are infrared thermography, stray flux measurement, acoustic emission measurement, temperature measurement, etc. The contact methods execute via vibration, instantaneous frequency, rotor speed and flux signal analysis. Whereas, non-contact method accomplishes via acoustic, current, temperature and stray flux measurement. The existing methods suffer from the influence of adjoining machines, surrounding environmental changes; require human expertise to mount sensors and analysing the signals. In this paper, a novel low-cost and non-invasive method proposed for rotor bar fault identification in SCIMs with Software Phase Locked Loop (SPLL). The proposed method uses a high-frequency signal projected on the motor and the reflected signal captured. The captured signal analysed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Wavelet transforms to identify the fault. The performance of these transforms compared in term of accuracy to identify the rotor bar faults of SCIM. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better accuracy than the existing methods..


Land use planning plays a crucial role in creating a balance between the needs of society, physical development and the ecosystem. However, most often poor planning and displacement of land uses particularly in urban areas contribute to social ills such as criminal activities. This research explains the spatial relationship of criminal activities on urbanization planning and their implications on the society at large. Spatial statistics was used to show patterns, trends and spatial relationships of crimes and land use planning. Data on crime incidents were obtained from the Royal Malaysia Police Department.


Safety of the up-to-date rocket and space complexes remains a topical problem for the developers of rocket and space technology. The integral component of this problem along with the safety of operations during launch vehicle ground pre-launch processing is organization of flight safety. The basic task of this rocket and space complexes safety component is to prevent or minimize serious consequences in case of launch vehicle failure in the flight leg, after all such accidents can cause damage to the population and facilities (including personnel and facilities of the ground complex), located along the flight paths. It is shown that the flight safety assurance of the launch vehicle is based on the experience of combat missile systems. Flight safety during the launch vehicle launches is provided by laying flight paths through sparsely populated (unpopulated) territories and using special onboard flight safety systems. This system limits the size of impact zones of emergency launch vehicle and its debris by emergency engine shutdown. Recently flight safety process is organized based on the acceptable risk concept. It is based on a risk assessment for the ground-based facilities and people, and it should not exceed the established standards. Such approach requires development and upgrading of the mathematical models of risk assessment in case of launch vehicle failure in the flight phase. Formation of the risk-oriented approach to flight safety in Yuzhnoye SDO is shown. Key moment in this process is to develop the separate structural unit, which started working on rocket and space complexes flight safety assurance and analysis. The basic model for assessing the risks of damage to facilities and people is analyzed, using the maximum impact zone of an emergency launch vehicle, which is realized in case of loss of control and flight safety system activation. The main directions of the basic model improvement are shown, which led to the development of a number of new original models of flight safety assessment in the Yuzhnoye SDO. First of all, the developed models take into account the flight safety system specifics, which are used to equip the launch vehicles, developed by Yuzhnoye SDO: criteria of activation, blocking of the engine emergency shutdown in the initial flight phase and Fe functional. Such models allow to take into account the different nature of emergency situations in the launch vehicle flight phase and ways of their representation, representation of the damage areas of facilities in the form of convex polygons, possible fragmentation of the emergency launch vehicle at the free- fall leg etc. The developed models have found wide application in the practice of assessing flight safety indicators in the Yuzhnoye SDO projects. Key words: launch vehicle; acceptable risk; launch vehicle failure in the flight phase; flight safety system; emergency launch vehicle impact zone; risk of damage to facilities; collection risk.


Measurements of electrical resistivity ρ, magnetization M and specific heat C have revealed that SrPt2Sb2 is a type-II superconducting material with a superconducting critical temperature (Tc) of 2.1 K. The electronic specific heat coefficient γ and the ratio ΔC(Tc)/γTc are 9.2(1) mJ mol−1 K−2 and 1.29, respectively. The temperature dependence of ρ exhibits anomalies around 270 K. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction patterns at 295 and 134 K clearly indicate that SrPt2Sb2 undergoes a structural phase transition in the temperature range from 134 to 295 K, suggesting that the anomalies observed in ρ around 270 K are related to a structural phase transition.


The first question to present itself in considering the position of the laity in the Mystical Body is : who are the laity ? What are the elements that are common to the layman and to other members of the Mystical Body ; what elements distinguish him from these others ? Turning to the Code of Canon Law we find that Canon 107 distinguishes between two classes of persons in the Church, clerics and laypeople, clerici a laicis distinct;. Canon 108 goes on to define a cleric as one who is set aside for divine functions, by the reception of, at least, first tonsure : qzti divinis ministeriis per primam saltem tonsuram manci#ati sunt, clerici dicuntur. If one were to consider these two canons only, a layman, according to the Code, would appear to be simply a baptized Catholic who had not received first tonsure or any of the minor or major orders. Elsewhere, however, the Code speaks of three classes in the Church : clerics, laypeople and re1igious.l This division accords with general usage, which distinguishes between the laity and religious, non-clerical as well as clerical. Here then we have a second datum to take account of in arriving at the idea of the layman ; from this point of view the layman is one who has not separated himself from the life of the world to dedicate himself to the pursuit of perfection by the common life and the practice of the evangelical counsels. Again the description is primarily a negative one-it tells us what the layman is not rather than what he is. Nevertheless one element of a positive definition is here clearly suggested : the layman is one who seeks to work out his salvation in the world, that is, in the temporal order, in the life of earthly society ; and not merely in that life, but through it, by fulfilling those duties of state which his position in society imposes on him. As we read in the official Conclusions of the First World Congress for the Apostolateof the Laity held in Rome in 1951, " the layman is totally engaged in the life of the world."2 If we examine more closely the distinction made in Canon 108 between clergy and laity, we find that there also this idea of the


We take advantage of the 3D finite difference time domain method to systematically investigate the metallic periodic bowtie antennas. The dipoles oscillating picture is proposed to demonstrate the great enhancement of localized near-field, as well as the resonant intensities variations and dips shift.


Protection of drug and food consumers is of vital importance. Apart from analysing samples to test for their biological and chemical quality, the Regional Medical Science Center, Nakhonratchasima also supervises and gives technical assistance to district hospitals in responsible area. Surin District Hospital and Chaiyapum District Hospital are our target hospitals in providing health laboratory activity and in conducting tests for food and drug quality. The laboratory for food and water analysis was setup in Chaiyapum District Hospital. In Surin District Hospital not only the microbiological analysis of food and water but quality of drug and normal saline solution are also carried out. The staffs of these hospitals are also trained to transfer the samples correctly to the Regional Medical Sciences Center Key words: Laboratories


The photosensitive heterostructures of ZnS/SnSx were formed by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction method on the nanoporous anodic alumina matrixes, on tantalum oxide nanocolumns and on planar ITO/glass substrate. Investigation of morphology of ZnS/SnSx films layered on the substrates with different surfaces has show which the layering of functional layers has dominated horizontal deposition mechanism. It has been established that the layering of sulfides on anodic alumina proceeds with a higher rate than the layering on ITO/glass. Also ZnS/SnSx heterostructure formed on nanoporous anodic alumina has pronounced interface between layers of sulphide compounds while in the heterostructure on ITO such interface is missing. The layering of ZnS/SnSx heterostructure on the tantalum oxide nanocolumns occurs locally. ZnS/SnSx/ITO/glass structure has the electrical resistance in the order of 140-80 Ohm. During illumination of the ZnS/SnSx/ITO/glass by white light with radiation power about 11 W in structure is formed of photoelectromotive force about 230 mV.


Jayanti Jabir, 2018. The ability of student to lateral thinking in solving physics problem at MAN Luwu. Thesis. Department of Physics. Faculty of Matematics and Natural Science. State University of Makassar (supervised by Aisyah Azis dan M. Agus Martawijaya).
This study is a descriptive qualitative study that aims to determine the ability of students to think laterally in solving physics problems. The subjects in this study were students of class XI MAN Luwu, as many as 8 students. To see the students' lateral thinking abilities the researchers used physics-based test instruments. he technique of data collection carried out in this study is to carry out tests to see the answers of students then conduct interviews to explore further information in order to find out the thinking process of students. The collected data is then analyzed by reducing and displaying data to produce lateral thinking patterns that are presented in the form of a chart. The indicators that are references to lateral thinking are if there are changes in concepts or perceptions of students about the problem given. So it can be concluded that students' have been able to think laterally in solving physics problems. The suggestion put forward by researchers is the need to provide physical questions that are lateral to students to stimulate their thinking processes.


High system throughput and fairness among the users seem always two contradictory aspects in multi-user system. In multi-cell environment, the intense interference from neighboring cell sharpens the contradiction. In this paper, technique of random beamforming is used not only to avoid the intense interference statistically but also alleviate the contradiction. Fairness performance is further improved with appropriate scheduling schemes without much loss of average system throughput. A sum-contentment based scheduling is provided. Comparing with some other scheduling schemes, we find that with the aid of proper scheduling, random beamforming techniques can offer remarkable compromise between throughput and fairness in multi-user system


Klebsiella are the successful opportunistic pathogens which have always been associated with various clinical ailments.Citrobacter species are frequent nosocomial pathogens and infections with these species are associated with high mortality rate. Moreover there is a need to monitor the susceptibility of common bacterial isolates to drugs used in the community to provide guidelines for empirical treatment of these infections. Hence the present study was conducted to analyse the susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella and Citrobacter isolates of our hospital in A.P, India. Prospective study 300 of stool, urine and blood samples from our hospital isolates was performed for a period of 1 year. 50 Klebsiella and 50 Citrobacter isolates were identified from these samples by gram stain ,culture, standard biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates were determined. In the present study,90 % of the Klebsiella isolates were sensitive to Amikacin, 36 % of the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin,22% to Cotrimoxazole,4 % to Nalidixic acid and Ampicillin.. Among the Citrobacter isolates analysed ,100 % of the isolates were sensitive to Amikacin,56 % of the isolates were sensitive to Norfloxacin,56 % to Ciprofloxacin, 20% to Cotrimoxazole, 14 % to Nalidixic acid and 12 % to Ampicillin. The sensitivity of Klebsiella and 'Citrobacter to Amikacin in our study is 90 -100% in our study. Flouroquinolone sensitivity of Klebsiella isolates in our study was 36 % in our study showing only a moderate to low susceptibility. Amikacin is still the most effective drug against gram negative bacterial species. Though Fluoroquinolones were once considered as effective drugs in treating Klebsiella infections,misuse and excessive use of these drugs resulted in their decreased effectiveness. Keywords : Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Antibiotic susceptibility.


High-precision measurements of the specific volume and electrical resistivity of As2Te3 glasses are performed under hydrostatic pressures up to 8.5 GPa. A smooth transformation and logarithmic relaxation of the density is observed at pressures higher than 1 GPa. The softening of the effective bulk modulus and the relaxation rate have a sharp maximum at 2.5 GPa, which is indicative of the existence of polyamorphism. At pressures above 4.5 GPa, a new relaxation process begins. During decompression, the pressure dependence of the compressibility exhibits a kink near 4 GPa. The electrical resistivity decreases by almost eight orders of magnitude, most sharply in the range of 2–3.5 GPa (by three orders of magnitude). Smooth metallization occurs at a pressure of 5 GPa; the resistivity decreases to a value of 1.7·10 Ω cm at 8.1 GPa. Under decompression, the electrical resistivity exhibits a hysteresis and returns to values three orders of magnitude smaller than the initial one. The volume and electrical resistivity under normal conditions relax to quasi-equilibrium values in several months. The relaxed glasses with a smaller chemical disorder have a lower electrical resistivity. The results together with the data on the structure and dynamics in As2Te3 glasses allow conclusions on the mechanism of pressureinduced transformations. Introduction Tellurium-based chalcogenide glasses are technologically important substances that have found wide applications in phase change memory and infrared photonics [1]. Of particular interest are the AsxTe100−x glasses that serve as model systems, but an atomistic understanding of the structure−property relations in it remains obscure due to controversies [2-15]. The As2Te3 melt, similar to the Te melt, is a metal at small overheating above the melting temperature [16,17], as a result, cooling-induced crystallization can be avoided only at quenching rates above 100 K/s. The structure of As2Te3 glasses is previously considered as similar to the structure of a classical network (As2S3-type) based on corner-sharing trigonal AsTe3/2 pyramids [2]. However, it was established more recently that stoichiometric glassy g-As2Te3 strongly differs in structure of the short-range order from the crystalline phase and is characterized by a chemical disorder of 30 to 60% (chemical disorder is defined as the number of homopolar As-As bonds to the total number of As-Te and As-As bonds) [3-12]. Furthermore, the analysis of the structure of g-As2Te3 is also complicated because of a strong dependence on the fabrication procedure [8,15]. Unfortunately, any adequate model of the structure of the shortand intermediate-range orders for g-As2Te3 glasses is still absent. As2Te3 glasses have a small semiconducting gap (≈0.8 eV); for this reason, these glasses are very attractive for the study of the pressure-induced metallization. g-As2Te3 glass is the only stoichiometric chalcogenide glass that is metallized at pressures below 10 GPa [18], and it can be studied in bulk samples under pure hydrostatic conditions. At the same time, studies of g-As2Te3 under pressure are scarce. The metallization of g-As2Te3 was observed at pressures ≈10 GPa and was accompanied in some studies by crystallization [19], whereas metallization of amorphous sputtered films a-As2Te3 in [20] occurred with the conservation of the amorphous state. The superconductivity of the metallic state also has been studied [21]. The electrical resistivity of the bulk glasses g-As2Te3 was studied at a pressure up to 6.5 GPa [22]. All studies of the electrical resistivity of compressed a-As2Te3 and g-As2Te3 were performed under nonhydrostatic conditions excluding moderate pressures up to 1 GPa [23]. It is interesting that g-As2Te3 is an example of a few glasses whose vitrification and crystallization temperatures decrease rapidly (at a rate of 2−3 K/kbar) with an increase in the pressure [24]. The structure and other characteristics of g-As2Te3 glasses under pressure, including such a fundamental characteristic as compressibility, have not been studied at all. Since the structure of g-As2Te3 glasses strongly differs from the simple network, an anomalous behavior of the compressibility and other characteristics under pressure can be expected. The aim of this work is a high-precision study of the compressibility, relaxation processes, and electrical resistivity of g-As2Te3 glasses at high pressures up to 8.5 GPa under pure hydrostatic conditions. Experimental Methods Initial glasses were obtained from pure elementary substances As (99.9999%) and Te (99.997%) (Aldrich Chemical Ltd.). To fabricate the glass the pristine As2Te3 substances were placed in preliminarily cleaned quartz tubes with an inner diameter of 8 mm, which were then evacuated and pressurized. Melts were aged and mixed for 6 h at 600oС and, after that, were annealed in water. The initial ingots had pores with sizes of several tens of microns, which prevent measurements without additional measures because cracks appeared in the samples even at pressures of 0.7–1.2 GPa. Thus, glass samples needed an additional treatment both for the "healing" of pores and for the removal of chemical order inhomogeneities. A strong dependence of the structure and degree of chemical order on the quenching temperature in glassy arsenic telluride is also well known. A feature of As2Te3 stoichiometric glass is an increased tendency to crystallization. It appeared that both softening and crystallization of this glass occur in a very narrow temperature range: softening begins at 130−135oС and crystallization begins at ~ 145oС (at a heating rate of ~ 1 K/min). The experimentally chosen regime of thermobaric treatment (hot pressing) with the parameters of 0.2 GPa, 136oС, and 3 min allowed obtaining pore-free samples without a noticeable impurity of a crystalline phase. The required accuracy of maintenance of the parameters of the hot-pressing process appeared to be very high: when the temperature of treatment was increased by 2oС, about 0.5−1% of the crystalline phase appeared in the sample. Neutron diffraction experiments were carried out using the SANDALS diffractometer at the ISIS spallation neutron source (Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, U.K.). Low-energy Te resonances are limited the available range of the scattering vector Q = 4π sin θ/λ to 25 Å, where 2θ is the scattering angle and λ the neutron wavelength). The neutron diffraction data were corrected for background and container scattering, self-attenuation, multiple scattering, and inelasticity (Placzek) effects to obtain the total neutron structure factor SN(Q). High-energy X-ray diffraction experiments were conducted at the 6-ID-D beamline at APS (Argonne National Laboratory, USA). The X-ray energy was 100.329 keV, providing data at Q values up to 30 Å. A 2D setup was used for data collection with a PerkinElmer model 1621 X-ray area detector. The two-dimensional diffraction patterns were reduced using the Fit2D software. The measured background intensity was subtracted, and corrections were made for the different detector geometries and efficiencies, sample self-attenuation, and Compton scattering using standard procedures giving the total X-ray structure factor SX(Q). The resulting glass samples had a density of 5.55 g/cm and were free of pores and impurity of the crystalline phase (see Fig.1). The compressibility and electrical resistivity were measured for 3×2×1.5and 2.5×1×0.7-mm rectangular samples, respectively. After high pressure study all samples were preserved in a glassy state (see Fig.1). High-pressure experiments were performed in a Toroid apparatus [25]. The volume of amorphous samples under hydrostatic pressure was measured at room temperature (294K) by the strain gauge method [26]. This method was successfully applied to study both oxide and chalcogenide glasses (see, e.g., [27,28]).The absolute error of measuring the volume in this method is 0.15% and the sensitivity of measurements is 10. A methanol–ethanol (4:1) mixture with a hydrostatic limit of about 10 GPa was used as a pressure-transmitting medium. The pressure was measured by a calibrated manganin gauge. The reproducibility of the pressure scale was better than 0.01 GPa. The volume was measured under the continuous variation of the pressure at a rate of 0.08–0.12 and 0.03–0.05 GPa/min with increasing and decreasing pressure, respectively. When studying the kinetics of densification of glasses at a fixed pressure, the pressure was maintained with an accuracy of 2 MPa. The electrical resistivity of the glasses was measured by the four-probe method. We experimentally selected a low-temperature solder, three-component eutectic In–Bi–Sn (3:1:1 atomic). The possible error of data on the absolute value of the electrical resistivity is determined by errors of determination of the geometric factor of the samples and was estimated as 7-10%. Results The pressure dependences of the volume of g-As2Te3 for three different samples are shown in Fig. 2. Both at an increase and a decrease in the pressure, measurements were performed with a small pressure step of 0.02GPa; for this reason, the resulting curve is almost continuous and does not require interpolation. It is seen that the compression curves are not approximated by a single simple equation of state and the elastic behavior is observed only up to a pressure of 1 GPa. The bulk modulus in the initial segment of compression is B = (15.85 ± 0.1) GPa and its derivative is dB/dP = 6.1 ± 0.1. The volume decreases anomalously in the pressure range of 2–3.5 GPa and an additional increase in the density in this transformation is about 2.5%. Pressure hysteresis between the curves at increasing and decreasing pressures is small and the residual densification is about 2%; in this case, the volume under normal conditions relaxes to the initial value in several months. A logarithmic time dependence (relaxation) of the volume of g-As2Te3 glass samples at a


Abstrac t : This paper presents research which uses the methodological framework of Personal Construct Theory (Kelly, 1955) to investigate Adult Learning tutors' thinking in a context in which national policy has explicitly redefined practice within the new theoretical paradigm of literacies as social practices. The data, gathered through reflective activities on a teacher education programme, suggests a slippery relationship between the espoused theory of policy and the implicit theories in use in practice. I begin to explore one way of reading dissonances in the data using post modern theories; I propose that the 'social practice model' of literacies education may be read as a 'text' in which practitioners are making meaning of new theory in a construal process which is highly discursive and power-laden. In conclusion, I consider some possible implications of this perspective for teacher education.


Mixed Model Assembly Lines are widely used to produce different models as per customer's demands. The Sequencing is an important factor for an efficient use of Mixed Model Assembly Lines. We resolved the sequencing problem in favor of minimizing the total cost and keeping uniform usage of each part and cost model is presented. To get merits and demerits between Mixed Model Assembly Line and Flexible Assembly Line, a comparison is done, concerning sequencing problem. The outcome of this research suggests best sequence, which gives continued consumption of parts and cost saving as well, reducing cycle time would provide higher production.


Idiom is a kind of fixed phrases, it is gradually formed after language's long time development and it is a special lexical unit by processing and refining. It can only be used as a whole to express certain special meaning. The Chinese idioms are vivid, visual, fun, expressive and culturally connotative, and it can not only "love to see and hear" in peoples' daily life, but also has high occurrence frequency in various newspaper readings and films and television programs. More than that, the degree of knowing and mastering idioms is also an important criterion to evaluate and judge the Chinese level of the foreign Chinese learners as well as the understanding level of the Chinese culture. Therefore, in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, the Chinese idiom is not merely the requirement to improve teaching contents and systems, but rather the necessity to improve the actual communication abilities of the learners. Idiom teaching is a key point and a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The semantic integrity and structural stability of idioms are often causing non-native learners to have biased error in semantic understanding and pragmatics in learning, which is especially prominent in the native language setting, where the foreign students learning Chinese. However because of all kinds of reasons, it doesn't get enough attention and importance. The current researching findings are mainly in ontological study, whereas the study in the application fields is relatively less. This condition also exists in Thailand's Chinese education.


Building on the method of Kantorovich majorants, we give convergence results and error estimates for the two-step Newton method for the approximate solution of a nonlinear operator equation.


We determined the quantity, type, and maturity of organic matter in Pleistocene sediment from the Gulf of California. We analyzed extractable hydrocarbons by capillary column chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We investigated kerogens by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and microscopy. Organic carbon is mostly between 1 and 2°7o in samples from the mouth of the Gulf (Holes 474 and 474A) and in the Guaymas Basin (Holes 478, 481, and 481 A) and between 2 and 4% at the Guaymas Basin slope (Hole 479). We determined total extracts of about 10 mg/g Corg for all samples. The organic matter seems to be mostly terrigenous in Holes 474,474A, 478,481, and 481 A, as indicated by the extractable hydrocarbons and the macefal analysis. But we believe that the large amounts of steroid and triterpenoid hydrocarbons in some samples indicate marine and bacterial biomass, which probably is finely disseminated and cannot readily be identified under the microscope. Rederived, inert organic matter is common in these holes. In Hole 479, the terrigenous contribution is less pronounced, and algal liptinites exceed terrigenous liptinites. But in all samples, perylene is the predominant aromatic hydrocarbon. Optical and chemical investigations show that the organic matter in the Gulf of California sediment is immature, despite the high heat flow and local basaltic intrusions. We could not establish a regular maturity trend with increasing depth.


Education is always near, indeed indispensable to, the man from the day he was created to the end of his life. Acquiring and fulfilling the essentials of being a human through education, man leads his life in this way. Education, as in every field, is effectively applied in music, a branch of fine arts. Making use of the music by acquiring some musical behavior is ensured through music education. The training of ear, voice and instrument lies at the basis of musical education. Ear-training requires the ability to distinguish between the musical sounds; voice-training requires the ability to use one's voice effectively and well; and instrumental training requires the ability to recognize and play a musical instrument. Music education is, on the whole, quite a rich field of education. Music education is made use of in every field from public to private education, from pre-school to school education, and so on. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relation between music and education, focusing on such basic subjects in this field as ear, voice and instrumental training. The method of literature review is made use of for the study.


Middle school children in northern Ghana in 2010 exhibited a range of responses to a variety of motivations during two-week summer reading camps. Intrinsic motivation treatments, where students were encouraged to engage in a variety of authentic exercises (writing reviews for friends, or reading with parents) produced small positive effects. When students had available books by African authors and on Africa-related themes they did not read more books, contrary to a commonly-held hypothesis. A simple motivational device of a "reading tree," where students posted "leaves" with the book title and their name upon completion of a book, had no statistically discernable effect. The reading camps served approximately 200 schoolchildren for 5th form students (approximately 12 years old) in three villages. Motivational treatments varied from day to day and camp to camp. The camps appeared to be highly effective in improving reading abilities and habits. There were few large effects of motivational and contextual interventions to encourage leisure reading among schoolchildren in low-literacy environments.


Carol Fairbanks and Sara Brooks Sundberg. Farm Women on the Prairie Frontier: A Sourcebook for Canada and the United States. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1983. 251 + xiii pp. Mary Kelley. Private Woman, Public Stage: Literary Domesticity in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.409 +xx pp. Annette Kolodny. The Land Before Her: Fantasy and Experience of the American Frontiers, 1630-1860. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984.293 + xix pp. The dearth in the traditional literary canon of literature by women and, subsequently, of feminist criticism and analysis is slowly being rectified. These three books fill gaps in specific areas of feminist literary criticism. By entertaining specific aspects of clearly-defined types of fiction by women, they prove that feminist analysis is transcending its earlier tendency to make general statements about women's fiction. Farm Women on the Prairie Frontier is concerned with the relationship between women's ficti...


This paper presents a new abnormal situation recognition approach based on environmental sound analysis. Considering the characteristic of household abnormal sound, several audio features and their combination are evaluated through substantial experiments. Longer audio frame is utilized to improve feature extraction for environmental sound. During classification, Gaussian Mixture distribution is trained to model the audio pattern and an adjustment coefficient is introduced to recognition process. The experimental results show that the mixed feature combined with Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) and short-term energy performs efficient and reliable recognition effect with satisfied computing time cost. The practical system implementing the proposed approach can be used in many occasions such as home security monitoring, abnormal situation alarm, and environmental recognition etc.


We have recently proposed a novel plateform to simulate arrays of interacting spins [1]. It is based on laser-trapped circular Rydberg atoms, which combine long lifetimes (few tens of ms) and strong dipole-dipole interactions. Here, I will show how we have been able to prepare circular Rydberg states from laser-cooled Rubidium atoms in a 4K cryostat. We demonstrate a long lifetime of 3; 7 ms for the n = 52 circular Rydberg state and characterize their decoherence [2]. I will also report on 2D laser-trapping of circular Rydberg atoms in a hollow Laguerre-Gauss laser beam [3]. We trap the atoms for up to 10 ms and fully characterize the trapping potential. Those results constitute a decisive step towards the realisation of the proposed quantum simulator.


Purpose: To study the effects of anisodamine (Ad) combined with lidocaine (Ldc) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in rats, and its correlation with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Methods: A total of 70 healthy rats were randomly divided into S group, M group, Ad group, Ldc group, Ad + Ldc group, Ad + Ldc + LY group, and LY group. The cardiac hemodynamic indices in each group were determined, and the area of myocardial infarction measured. Serum biochemical indices were also determined. Furthermore, the protein expressions of p-Akt, T-Akt, Bcl-2, and Bax in myocardial cells were determined by Western blotting.Results: Compared with those in M group, Ad group, Ldc group, Ad + Ldc + LY group, and LY group, cardiac hemodynamic indices significantly improved, while the area of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Furthermore, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration but the activities of CK, CK-MB, TNF-α, and IL-6 declined, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT and GSH-Px rose in Ad + Ldc group (p < 0.01). In Ad + Ldc group, p-Akt, T-Akt, and Bcl-2 increased, while Bax significantly decreased. Through comparison LY294002 significantly inhibited the protective effect of Ad combined with Ldc against MIRI in rats (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Anisodamine combination with lidocaine has a protective effect against MIRI in rats via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus indicating that it is a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.


Long-term Digital Preservation in E-government — a Case of Slovenia The use of information and communication technology and its widespread presence cause a vast amount of data to be created in the public and private sectors every day. The widespread presence of e-government sites, services and communication in the developed world add even more data. This digital data does not only represent the accountability and reliability of the processes, steps and decisions taken by organisations, but also a source of information for future generations. This paper discusses the issue of long-term digital preservation with a special focus on long-term digital preservation in public administration. It analyses problematic issues, current development trends in this area, and principles and solutions that can be found around the world. The paper focuses on Slovenia as one of the EU countries that has most effectively developed its e-government during the last decade. It analyses the situation in Slovenia through legal, organisational and other changes that have appeared over the last few years, and considers this as a model for possible long-term digital preservation. To describe the situation for digital preservation in Slovenian public administration, the results of empirical research made in 2007 are used. The paper uses theoretical background from the field of digital preservation and empirical results to show the important link between e-business, e-government, e-governance and digital preservation. It demonstrates that since Slovenian public administration has strictly specified business processes, the task of implementing digital preservation is much easier. The same concepts can be transferred to the private sector in Slovenia or anywhere else in the world.


This article examines country star Brad Paisley's controversial musical dialogue with rapper LL Cool J about race. First, I compare "Accidental Racist" with "Ebony and Ivory" in light of McPhail's notions of rhetorical coherence and complicity. Second, I interrogate Paisley's problematic construction of racial division in light of Gresson's work. Next, I consider how the inclusion of Cool J's voice at least partly challenges Paisley's southern White perspective. In light of Hatch's theory of reconciliation, however, Paisley's pseudo-apology proves self-serving and Cool J's forgiveness is cheap. In the end, their contrived country/hip-hop dialogue dances to the tune of neoliberalism and fails to resonate with either of their core audiences, despite their well-meaning intentions.


(1797), also in the framework of other testimonies. Two studies concern the German population under Russian rule, whether colonists or the Baltic Germans: Winfred A. Kohls's essay on the treatment of the colonists' problem by the Russian press under Alexander III and Inge Auerbach's article on Alexander V. Meyendorff's efforts in favor of Baltic German refugees after World War II. Finally, two studies deal with theater and literature, always in the same thematic context. The first is Georg von Rauch's study of Pastor J. G. Gregory's German poem, complimentary to the Russians (and obviously to the tsar!) , written in 1667 in Stuttgart. The second is Hans-Bernd Harder's thorough article on the contributions by N. M. Karamzin, Lyon 1790 (in German prose), and A. I. Turgenev, Stuttgart 1827 (Russian verse), to the Stammbuch of the German poet, Friedrich von Matthisson. This tribute to Amburger is a valuable collective performance, not only because it makes available to the students of Russian-Western relations much heretofore unpublished material but also because of its high methodological level, which would have been appreciated by the meticulous scholar so honored.


bjective:Cranioplasty is required to protect underlying brain to correct major aesthetic deformities or both. The ideal material for this purpose is autogenous bone. When this is not available alloplastic or artificial materials may be used. In this study authors compared the infection rate according to the cranioplasty materials(the frozen autologous bone vs. bone cement and duration of the skull defect. Materials:Between May 1994 and December 1999 111 patients with skull defect treated with cranioplasty(82 cases of frozen autologous bone and 29 cases of artificial bone material were included in this study. There were 77 males and 34 females with a mean age of 41.4 years(range 1-85 years. 57 patients had head trauma and 54 had non-traumatic insults. According to the duration of skull defect there were 28 cases under 1 month 33 cases of 1- 2 months 15 cases of 2-3 months 20 cases of 3-6 months and 15 cases over 6 months of duration. Results:Overall infection rate was 9.9%. In cases with frozen autologous bone and artificial bone material the infection rate was 8.5% and 13.7% respectively. The infection rate according to the duration of skull defect was 3.6%(among 28 cases under 1 month of age while those were 12%(4 among 33 cases at 1-2 months 20%(3 among 15 cases at 2-3 months 5%(1 among 20 cases at 3-6 months and 13%(2 among 15 cases over 6 months. Accoring to the underlying disease the infection rate in traumatic cases was 12%(7 among 57 cases and that in non-traumatic one was 3.7%(2 among 54 cases.


Objective: To determine the frequency of stillbirths in obese pregnant women. Design of the Study: It's a descriptive cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2018 to July 2018. Material and Methods: In this study a total of 289 patients were observed. Detailed history was taken from each patient, period of gestation was calculated from 1st trimester scan, conducted by a person having at least 2 years post-graduate training experience in his/her respective field. Height/Weight measurements were done by the same standardized equipment's for all enrolled patients and BMI calculation done by standard WHO formula before delivery. Baby after delivery was examined and looked for presence/absence of vital signs by the designated obstetrician. Outcome of pregnancy either alive or stillborn baby was recorded for each patient in order to fulfill the objective of study. To control bias and confounding, exclusion criteria had strictly followed. All the data was recorded on a pre-designed Proforma and subjected to analysis. Results of the Study: Our study shows that mean age of 28.87 +3.92 years Forty two percent patients were primi gravid and 58% patients were multi gravida. Forty three percent patients were primi para while 57% patients were multi para. Ninety percent babies were alive while 10% babies were still birth. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of still births was 10% in obese pregnant women. Keywords: still births, obese, pregnant women, primi para, WHO.


Some communities in Indonesia's margins have adopted indigenous identities to overcome stigmatization as 'backward'. Following recent government efforts to develop Indonesia's peripheral areas, these communities can also identify as entrepreneurs because they can now apply for land titles – a change that government officials hope will boost local economies. The question of who is 'indigenous' has thus become an area of political controversy that the state must address. Through analysis of legal documents and political processes, this paper focuses on state-indigenous relations in Indonesia, with an emphasis on economic processes. Participatory observations and interviews have been carried out to gain better insights into ongoing recognition of indigenous communities. Preliminary findings suggest that indigenous activists are disappointed, as the government is not pushing forward crucial legislation, and recognition of land titles is slow. Therefore, activists have instead turned their attention to means of rec- ognition in the regencies. The example of Enrekang, South Sulawesi, provides insights into these developments and into the current relations between the state and indigenous peoples.


The electric strength of sodium nitrite crystals is measured in the temperature range 125–205°C embracing the Curie ferroelectric transition temperature. Single constant‐amplitude voltage pulses are used to initiate breakdown. Experimental values of breakdown strength are obtained for time delays to breakdown of 10 and 100 msec. Measurements of high‐field electric conductivity are used to determine theoretical impulse thermal breakdown strengths for comparison with experiment. The breakdown mechanism appears to be of thermal origin at temperatures exceeding the Curie point. It is suggested that at lower temperatures, breakdown is mechanical in origin arising from electrostrictive effects.


Renewable energy has emerged as a popular way to balance environmental concerns with the duty of states to provide their citizens with access to electricity. states have attempted to improve their domestic capabilities in relation to the generation of renewable energy to achieve this. A popular method to attain this goal has been to allow foreign investment in the energy sector, but with an important caveat: that of a mandatory minimum requirement of local content. This "green industrial policy" often falls foul of countries' trade obligations under the WTO regime and has led to states filing disputes challenging these measures before the WTO. This article seeks to highlight how these cases have been adjudicated. It will focus on how these cases are significantly different from the "classic cases" on trade and environment. The analytical emphasis of this article is on Article III:8(a) of the GATT 1994, how the WTO has adjudicated cases relating to this provision and how it ought to take the debate forward.


At the Minnesota Security Hospital (MSH) on unit 800, several of the patients have requested substance treatment and this project is the result of a request by the MSW field instructor to develop a group treatment curriculum that can be used with these patients. The Minnesota Security Hospital has many patients who are admitted with dual diagnoses of mental health disorders along with chemical abuse or dependency. There is currently no defined program for the social workers at the MSH to access in order to provide integrated treatment for these patients. The treatment modules created for this project may be used in the future for units other than 800 on the MSH campus. After implementation and evaluation of the treatment group curriculum, the social workers at the MSH may decide to work toward a more integrated model of treatment for patients with co-occurring disorders.


A variety of studies on the biology and life history of Eulimnadia antlei are presented. The nature of the egg hatching mechanism is discussed. Dark- ness inhibits hatching. Sexual and asexual reproduction varies with respect to clutch size, total eggs produced/female, and per cent hatch of the ova. Factors which limit hatching may require separation from those which limit larval survivorship in ecological studies of temporary pond branchiopods. Eulimnadia antlei Mackin has previously been reported from Jack- son, Blaine, and Jefferson counties in Oklahoma where Herbert Antle and J. G. Mackin collected specimens during the 1930's. The species was described by Mackin (1940). The Oklahoma ponds were re- ported to be clear, grassy, water filled depressions 5-15 cm deep and about 1 m in diameter. In June 1966, I found a naturally occurring population of E. antlei at Austin, Texas. The clam shrimp were in a number of solution pools in a layer of limestone which forms the west bank of Barton Creek about one mile above the swimming pool at Zilker Park. These ponds ranged in depth from 5-13 cm and varied in shape from long, narrow troughs to nearly circular, with the largest not exceeding 3.5 m in greatest dimension. Most of the ponds were destroyed before the end of summer by the installation of a sewer line. Dirt removed from the Barton Creek temporary ponds was used to establish the cultures discussed in this report. METHODS. All eggs used in this study were collected from Eulimnadia antlei raised in outdoor aquaria at Austin, Texas. Females carrying eggs were placed in a beaker of habitat water. The eggs they deposited were removed with a pipet the next day and stored in screw cap vials of water from the same beaker. Eggs used for an experiment were taken from the same lot to insure uniformity and mixed: frequently during counting to insure randomness.


Figure 1: Transitional blood flow through artificial heart valves [1]. Transitional flow contains small scale fluctuations, see Figure 1) and may result in local high deformation rates. This can activate platelets and eventually lead to blood coagulation. Therefore, it is important to develop a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) algorithm to compute accurately the: • spatial and temporal scales of transitional flow • fluid stress near the deforming solid • stress history.


Finance is essential for every economic sector and which is not circulated interms of money and money value related instruments and papers it will not multiply the money in the Ethiopian Financial Institutions.  Unless money will multiply the Gross Domestic Product rate may not increase in the country. So, to multiply the money financial institutions must concentrate on foreign exchange services, intellectual property rights, domestic goods and services and aided money from the national and international agencies.  Ethiopian Financial Markets must concentrate and work out the permutation and combinations to calculate the different financial markets, assets and services and which must be programmed and circulated around and outside the country so that there is a forward moment to develop the economy for the 80 million of population in the country.


URING the turbulent decade of the 1930S, political competition in much of the Western world was shaped by fascism's mounting challenge to liberal democracy and communism. In Latin America, the outcome of that conflict should have never been in doubt, since the region lacked the economic, social, and psychological conditions that had made possible the rise of fascism in Europe.' Even so, there was much about fascism that appealed to important sectors of Latin American societies. Anticommunism, anticapitalism, militarism, defense of national unity and honor, protection of family, and other traditional values struck a responsive chord among intellectuals, politicians, members of the ruling classes, and military officers seeking solutions to the profound crises spawned by the Great Depression. Fascism seemed to offer them a panacea for national problems as well as an opportunity to join a glorious movement certain to overwhelm all who might try to resist it. These Latin Americans clearly misjudged the determination of the enemies of fascism to arrest its growth, and they certainly overestimated its appeal within their homelands. However, in spite of its ultimate failure, fascism in the 1930S turned Latin America into a battleground for competing political ideologies. The contenders in this conflict often bore little ideological resemblance to their European counterparts, and their movements usually reflected Latin American political and social peculiarities. The fixing of European labels on such movements, though perhaps inevitable in light of the state of international affairs, had the effect of distorting political reality and giving national political conflicts unwarranted international significance.2


Solutions of the equations X = ZX and X = XZ are found and discussed for Z, X normal terms of the lambda-calculus. Obviously fixed point combinators are of no help. Solutions will be independent from any kind of godelization or coding of data structures, they will be provided by typeless self-application. Different approaches will be shown: algebraic properties, one side invertibility and idempotency. Certain subsets of proper combinators and Church algebras between them will be proved to be domains consisting only of fixed points of combinators.


The recent advances in mobile technology have made the smartphone a powerful and accessible tool. This article describe the development of a novel smartphone‐based anterior segment microscope that is compatible with tele‐manufacturing. The anterior segment microscope is equipped with both cobalt‐blue and red‐free filters that can be used for clinical photo‐documentation. The digital files of the microscope are transferrable and compatible with additive‐manufacturing. Therefore, the entire device can be locally manufactured with rapid prototyping techniques such as 3D printing.


A three-stage color video compression system capable of 1,000-to-1 compression has been implemented in real time on a VME based prototype system. Stage 1 digitizes the image at CCD camera resolution, and splits the data into color and contrast channels, in conformance with human perceptual channels. Stage 2 maps coordinates of color imagery to mimic the geometry of the human retinotopic mapping from retina to brain. In parallel, stage 2 also applies spatial frequency masks to the contrast channel, extracting texture patches resembling the patterns found in so-called simple cells of the visual cortex. Stage 2 therefore corresponds to a geometric `impedance match' to human visual perceptual channels, achieving compression by discarding information which cannot be perceived. Stage 3 consists of conventional numeric data compression. The system has been prototyped and demonstrated on real time color imagery.


In this work we describe a simple method of encoding in real time information in the inter-spike intervals of a homoclinic chaotic system. This has been experimentally tested by means of an instantaneous synchronization between the laser intensity of a CO2 laser with feedback in the regime of homoclinic chaos and an external pulsed signal of very low power. The information is previously encoded in the temporal intervals between consecutive pulses of the external signal. The value of the inter-pulse intervals is varied each time a new pulse is generated. (Summary only available)


Dimensional variation in fibre and vessel characters along both vertical and horizontal axis of 28 years old Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch and Dalz. was carried out. Mean values of fibre lengths 903.71 μm, fibre diameter 21.23 μm, lumen diameter 11.08 μm, fibre wall thickness 5.53 μm, Runkel ratio 0.99, flexibility coefficient 0.51, relative fibre length 42.43, vessel length 560.80 μm, vessel diameter 528.55 μm, and F/V length ration 1.60. Fibre lengths varied significantly on both axis investigated, while fibre diameter and lumen diameter varied significantly only along the vertical axis. Other traits analysed showed considerable variation but were not statistically significant. From the results, the wood of D. oliveri is good for pulp and paper production.


We investigate tunneling injection quantum-dot (QD) lasers both theoretically and experimentally. Our laser structure consists of two tensile-strained quantum wells (QWs) coupled to a compressive-strained QD layer. The QWs serve as efficient carrier collectors and as a medium to inject electrons into the QDs by tunelling. Polarization-resolved amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectroscopy is used to extract the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized optical gain spectra at very low to near threshold injection currents. At a low bias current, the TE polarized ASE from the ground state of the QD layer is observed. At an intermediate current level, the coupling of the QW ground state to the QD excited state becomes important and an increase of the TM polarized emission from the tensile-strained QWs at a higher energy level becomes significant. Near threshold current, we observe TE gain narrowing due to the QD excited-state activation and the pinning of TM gain with subsequent TE lasing above threshold. We explain the physics of tunneling injection from the QWs into the QDs and how the tunneling injection affects the polarization resolved optical gain spectra as the injection current level increases.


Despite widespread adoption of e-learning systems, the realisation of a system that will deliver personalised learning content, relevant to an individual learner's needs, preferences, and background that is responsive to his/her inputs, experiences as well as new practices, business rules and heuristics has still not been fully realised. This paper examines the literature on e-learning ontologies, examines a framework for personalisation of e-learning, and discusses how personalisation is able to be achieved with the use of ontology. Despite the challenges associated with successful implementation of ontology, the development work to date promises that at least semi-automated personalised e-learning may soon be a reality.


Summary Twenty-seven male Holstein calves were used in a study to determine iron and copper requirements.The basal diet consisted of whole milk, supplemented with vitamins A and D, cobalt, and magnesium. The investigation was conducted in two trials, in which three levels of supplemental iron, 0, 30, and 60mg. per day, and three levels of supplemental copper, 0, 3, and 6mg. per day, were studied in a 3×3 factorial design involving a total of nine treatments. In the first trial, nine calves were started on the experimental treatments at 2 days of age. In the second trial, 18 calves, two replications, were fed the basal diet until the hemoglobin level declined to 5-6g. per 100ml. of blood, and then were started on the experimental treatments. The results were as follows: 1.Animals on the zero level of supplemental iron became anemic and gained less than those on the 30mg. and the 60mg. intakes of iron per day. 2.Calves fed either 30mg. or 60mg. of iron in Trial 1 maintained normal levels of hemoglobin and of red-cell volume. The hemoglobin level of calves receiving supplemental iron in Trial 2 increased from a mean value of 5.4g. to 8.0g. per 100ml., during a period of from 16 to 20 wk. No difference was obtained in hemoglobin levels between the 30mg. and the 60mg.levels of iron intake. 3.Hemoglobin levels and calculated utilization values indicated that on the average approximately 60% of the 30mg. level and 30% of the 60mg. level of iron were utilized. 4.The data from this investigation indicate that the minimal nutritional iron requirement for maintenance of a normal hemoglobin level in growing calves is approximately 30mg. per day. 5.Without supplemental copper in the diet, the serum-copper decreased, but an intake of 6mg. of copper per day was sufficient to restore or to maintain a normal level of serum copper. Different dietary levels of copper did not influence hemoglobin concentration under the conditions of the experiment.


Connecting with the practical situation of the educational administration of Yanquan College,TUT(Taiyuan University of Technology),this paper designs the educational administration information system by using the mode of combining C/S and B/S based on campus network,and introduces the functions of this system.


This paper mainly studies on the payment, clearing and settlement system based on electric vehicle intelligent networking platform(hereafter called IOV). Firstly, the paper briefly describes the current situation and problems of IOV payment, clearing and settlement platform. Secondly, the paper establishes a basic framework which includes the overall architecture and business mode and based on smart IOV payment, clearing and settlement platform; thirdly, the paper explores the payment mode which supports the multichannel unified payment and multi-party/level quick settlement based on IOV platform, thereby completing the business process design including payment, clearing and settlement process. Finally, the paper introduces the application, pilots and promotion of payment, clearing and settlement platform based on smart IOV and provides a reference for constructing the system in the future.


In this work, the influence of the amorphization effect of C+, O+ and Cr+, implantation on the friction and wettability properties of pure titanium (grade 2) has been studied. Doses from 1×1017 to 5×1017 ions cm-2 at multiple energies of 50 to 190 keV have been used. Additionally, pin-on-disk tribological tests using Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight-Polyethylene (UHMWPE) pins under lubricated conditions and wettability measurements of implanted and unimplanted titanium samples were carried out. We found, that the more suitable material for the wettability and hence wear resistance is C+ implanted titanium, because of its higher surface energy than the unimplanted titanium corresponding energy. Friction tests on monoenergetic 180 keV C+ and O+ modified titanium with 1×1017 ions cm-2 have showed an essentially reduced friction compared to samples implanted with the same dose but at multiple energies. A reduction of the wettability by about 7% and the friction coefficient by about 18% was observed for carbon implanted titanium with a dose of 1×1017C+ cm-2; this effect corresponds to a good correlation between wettability and friction coefficient after C+ implantation in titanium. It was concluded that the reduction of the friction coefficient with monoenergetic C+ implanted titanium is 3.7 times lower compared with those of pure titanium. This important result could extend the average lifetime of orthopaedic components of approximately 2 orders of magnitude.


tumors allows for localized tumor destruction and preservation of unin-volved renal parenchyma. It is the ability to treat tumor and maintain renal function that makes renal RFA such an attractive treatment option. Some patients have RCC in a solitary kidney. In both these scenarios, any renal function that is preserved may help keep the patient off dialysis.


Animal movement patterns, whether related to dispersal, migration, or ranging behaviors, vary in time. Individual movements reflect the outcomes of interactions between an individual's condition and a multitude of underlying ecological processes. Theory predicts that when competition for breeding territories is high, individuals should arrive at breeding sites earlier than what would otherwise be optimal for breeding in the absence of competition. This is because priority at a site can confer significant competitive advantages leading to better breeding outcomes. Empirical data from long-distance migrants support this theory. However, it has not been tested within the context of fine-scale movements in nonmigratory populations. We assessed the effect of arrival time at a breeding site on reproductive outcomes in an intensively monitored resident population of Great Tits (Parus major). The population was monitored passively, via passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag loggers, and actively, via catching, ...


Abstract We found that tetracycline resistance–associated mutations and genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae are linked to mutations causing resistance to other antimicrobials. Therefore, the use of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis may select for resistance to other antimicrobials.


THERE are two and only two areas on the surface of the earth, China and India, which deserve comparison with Europe in so far as they support a denser population by intensive agriculture. These three, excluding the thinly settled regions of western China, the table-land of the Deccan, and northern Europe, do not occupy more than onetwentieth of the earth's land surface. Yet they embrace fully one half of its people.


Idaho Power Company completed its transition to a new EMS system in May 2007. One of the system's salient features is State Estimation (SE). This paper discusses the issues that surfaced during Power System Model development and the difficulties in model maintenance. Moreover, this paper describes interaction of SE within operating and planning environments.


Abstract
Learning about pronunciation is also learning about stress and intonation. They are aspects of suprasegmental. This research is conducted for the students of English Comprehension Program at Kresna English Institute who have learned about pronunciation in speech. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design because this research describes a setting, an object, or a particular event in detail and depth. The results of this research are: there are still many errors made by English Comprehension program students, especially in the pronunciation program out of a total of 10 students there are many misplaced that vary in each student and also 4 out of 10 students give an increased intonation of some words in sentences or even no intonation made by students or in this case students use flat intonation, thus creating the wrong pattern of contour intonation; and 2) that factors are involved in the production of English suprasegmental features by the students, one of which is the mother tongue of each student who is different, researchers also found that the influencing factor is the awareness of the students in learning this comes from within each student, and researchers also find as the third factor, namely the surrounding environment of students who can form a habit in terms of socializing and communicating; and 3) the method carried out by the teacher seems to be able to improve the ability of students both in terms of pronouncing their word stress and in terms of intonation imitating videos and examples given by the teacher.


This paper describes the operation principle and the hardware composition of the wireless remote control cleaner by adopting solar panel power supply mode in detail. The experimental circuit is designed and on based on the designed experimental circuit the wireless remote control solar cleaner is made. The experimental results show that it is feasible that the combination of solar panels and wireless remote control cleaner.


ABSTRACT In this paper, a class of sampled-data systems with double feedbacks are scrutinized for internal/external stability through the open-/closed-loop characteristic polynomials contraposition. A sampled-data system with double feedbacks consists of a continuous-time plant and two feedback control loops: a discrete-time one for digital control objectives with sampler and zero-order hold synchronized, and a continuous-time one for analog control performances. Contraposition stability criteria are worked out by exploiting what we call the contraposition return difference relationship in between the open- and closed-loop characteristic polynomials defined via the lifted model. The criteria for asymptotical stability are necessary and sufficient, independent of open-loop poles distribution of the lifted model and locus orientation specification. Moreover, the criteria for Lp-stability are sufficient, while retaining the technical merits of the criteria for asymptotical stability. All criteria present stability conditions in the standard discrete-time sense that are implementable either graphically with loci plotting, or numerically without loci plotting. Examples are included to illustrate the results.


The province of Moray, in the north of Scotland and on the fringe of the Gaelic highlands, is not noted for any early support for Protestantism though, after 1560 Moray's churches were staffed, in so far as they were staffed, with a conforming ministry. The General Assembly's commissioner in the province, 1563–74, was Mr Robert Pont, one of the 'most eminent' ministers of the early reformed church. His role in 'planting kirks', however, has not previously been assessed by studies of the Reformation in his province. This article reviews what can be gathered of the development of a reformed ministry in the burghs and parishes of Moray during Pont's time in the region.


In 1934, Teixeira de Pascoaes (1877-1952) brought out a biography of St. Paul, which was widely disseminated. In it he creates an interpretation of the figure and work of the Apostle as the true founder of Christianity. This, however, is interpreted by him in a gnostic key, within and dependent on his poetic philosophy of nostalgia: the Christ of true Christianity lives (only) as a mythical personification of the sentiment of the fall of God to the material world, in his positive reaction ofspriritualist elevation or of hope. And this is the means to redemption or salvation, while through it is brought about the reintegration of mankind and the world in what was originally divine in both.Paul was the one who first understood Christ in this manner and transformed him into an object of belief for the world.


During recent decades there has been significant improvement in genetic selection of broilers and turkeys for growth rate, which has coincided with dramatic increases in metabolic rate. A similar pattern is observed in the rate of egg production by laying hens. However, this selection has not been accompanied by comparable development of visceral systems, causing inferior thermotolerance response. In parallel, scientists expect that the average global surface temperature will rise by 0.6-2.5°C during the next 50 years. This situation, in which, from year to year, growth rate especially, but also egg production, improve (accompanied by increased heat production), and global surface temperature increases, demands an efficient means to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance by domestic fowl exposed to hot climatic conditions, and to do so economically. To develop thermotolerance three direct responses are employed: the rapid thermal stress response (RTSR), acclimation/acclimatization, and epigenetic temperature adaptation. This review will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies used to reach the conflicting goals of production on the one hand and thermotolerance on the other hand.


We evaluated the response of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf to urea amended with the urease inhibitors PPD, NBPT, and ATS and with the cations K + (KCI) and Mg 2+ (MgCl 2 ). Treatments for the 2-year field experiment included liquid urea applied monthly in June to Sept. 1985 and 1986 at 49 kg N/ha with PPD (1%, 2%, 3% by weight of applied N), NBPT (0.5%, 1%, 2%), ATS (5%, 15%, 25%), K + (5%, 15%, 25%), and Mg +2 (5%, 15%, 25%) (...)


To investigate the relationship between drug - fast of lamivudine and HBV genotype and mutations of P gene. Using a gene sequencer to analyze HBV genotype and mutations of YMDD. and a fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect the variation of HBV DNA. Genotype C of HBV may be easier to get a drug - fast than other genotypes, drug - fasts may not be the only issue of mutation of YMDD, the mutation of P gene may induce other genetic mutations and result in inefficacy for treatment with the anti - virus drug lamivudine.


The article analyses the link between work experience, skill development and the knowledge economy. It locates these issues in an overview and interpretation of the debate about the knowledge economy. It illustrate the difficulties associated with the development of generic skill through work experience by introducing a typology which distinguishes between: (i) those conceptions of generic skill which view it as though it were the property of an individual, and those which view it in terms of a relationship between an individual and the context in which they are working; and (ii) the generic skills called for when working in routine as opposed to novel work contexts. The article re-thinks relationship between work experience, its curriculum context and the development of generic skill by using the concept of consequential transition (Beach, forthcoming); connective spectausution) (Young, 1999); and resituation (Griffiths & Guile, 1999).


Thin films of tungsten oxide were deposited on glass substrates at different temperatures and O2/Ar ratios using DC Magnetron sputtering system. The samples were characterized using x-ray diffractometry and spectrophotometer structurally and optically respectively. Analysis of the results reveals dependence of structure on thickness and temperature. The O2/Ar ratio is also found to influence the optical properties appreciably for the entire wavelength range studied. Visual inspection of the films show that O2/Ar ratio influences the coloration of the film which varies from clear to dark blue for high to low O2/Ar ratios respectively.


Person-centred therapy (PCT) is stuck between the beautiful soul syndrome ('Beauty') and a mechanized view of therapy ('Cyborg'). Enthused by a sense of its own purity and stirred by Christian narratives of love (often divine Agape rather than subversive and relational Eros), it wants to be effective in a world that it perceives as tainted. As the self-appointed conscience of the therapy world, PCT strives to maintain this self role by defending its principled ethos. At the same time, concerned about becoming irrelevant in a fast-moving world and wishing to be more effectual, it embraces neoliberalism and its bag of algorithms, data and market-driven ethics. Often separate, Beauty and the Cyborg are at times joined together in an unholy alliance within PCT. After examining both manifestations, this chapter charts a way out, drawing insights from organismic psychology, the roots of PCT and from literature. Introduction From its inception as client-centered therapy, PCT has been affected by the beautiful soul syndrome and an unspoken sense of moral superiority over other orientations. Like Jiminy Cricket in Pinocchio, we person-centred therapists can be relied upon to give voice to the conscience of the profession and – also like Jiminy Cricket – for producing little effect other than the comfort of hearing noble-sounding words spoken with conviction and a pleasant rhetorical flourish. Among the various noble words gaining currency in person-centred literature, love is becoming dominant. It shows up in person-centred literature in secular garb and in full theological regalia. Talking about love will illustrate some of the traits of the beautiful soul syndrome that afflicts the PCA. The eagerness of some person-centred practitioners to see the approach accepted by the Powers prompted them to adopt wholesale the language, modality and worldview of the 2 latter. This is when Beauty turns into the Cyborg – in science fiction, a creature that is part human, part machine. Patent examples of this phenomenon can be observed in sectors of academia, from psychology journals to the teaching of PCT in universities and therapy institutes to the style and content of presentations of person-centred-related ideas at international conferences and symposia. Within these scenarios, very little distinguishes PCT from other branches of academic psychology except for its humane vocabulary that cheeringly reminds us, as in a nature documentary watched on a computer screen, of the existence of trees in a real forest. I believe both stances have value: Beauty and the Cyborg have something important to tell us about our current predicament as person-centred therapists navigating the complexity of a neoliberal landscape. Hence, rather than straightforward disapproval of either the naivety of Beauty or the frostiness of the Cyborg, this chapter maps out a third route that capitalizes on both while appealing to the key principle of the organism (Goldstein, 1995; Rogers, 1961). PCT, understood as an organismic psychology (Tudor & Worrall, 2006; Tudor, 2010) has a great deal to contribute to current debate provided it can expand on the notion of the organism and include the non-human – both within and without the human. Person-centred, Human-centred, Self-centred. PCT is stuck. Not only is it trapped within its vague notion of person hence oblivious to new emergent phenomena (Moreira, 2012, 2016) that c renew existence and re-establish exhilarating complicities with a dynamic world of becoming outside the narrow confines of personhood. It is also stuck with its notion of presence, (mis)understood metaphysically as the attribute of a spiritually-gifted therapist rather than, as Rud (2015) has been at pains to explain for some time, as "mutually constituted" (p. 5), as belonging, I would add, to the neutral dimension of affect (Massumi, 2000; Jameson, 2014). Above all, PCT is stuck within


Background and Objectives: Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is commonly used during dermatologic laser surgery. The epidermal and dermal effects of CSC have not been adequately evaluated. To study the potential for epidermal and dermal injury after CSC using an in vitro model of human skin (RAFT). Study Design/Materials and Methods: RAFT specimens were exposed to continuous CSC spurt durations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 200, or 500 milliseconds. Biopsies were taken acutely, 3 and 7 days post-CSC exposure. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for evaluation of possible injury, Ki-67 to determine keratinocyte viability, and Melan-A, to identify and evaluate melanocytes. Results: Minimal, transient epidermal changes were noted in specimens exposed to continuous CSC spurts of 80 milliseconds or less. Keratinocytes and melanocytes remained viable. Continuous CSC spurts of 100, 200, or 500 milliseconds (much longer than recommended for clinical use) resulted in significant epidermal injury acutely, with partial or full thickness epidermal necrosis at 7 days. Only the 500 milllisecond specimen demon-strateddermalchange,decreasedfibroblastproliferationat3days. Conclusions: ContinuousCSCspurtsof80milliseconds or less induce minimal, if any, epidermal or dermal damage and are unlikely to produce cryo-injury when used during dermatologic laser surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:146– 154, 2004. (cid:1) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


St Isaac's Cathedral is one of the most interesting monuments of Russian ecclesiastic architecture, as well as one of the largest Russian Orthodox churches. Nowadays it is a part of the state museum. Its decor comprising multiple wall paintings is being thoroughly studied and preserved. The article analyses image and stylistic features of several paintings on Old Testament plots.


The feasibility of' model testing to rate Cut-throat flumes is examined for a particular prototype structure. A model of the structure was built to a scale of I : 7.3 and a rating curve obtained. This rating was tested by examining its prediction of actual storm events against measurements of the same storm events obtained with an HL-flume situated immediately downstream of the prototype structure. The results verify the use of model testing to rate Cut-throat flumes. Examination of the results in the light of previous studies indicates the critical importance of modelling the entrance conditions to the flume as well as the flume itself and reveals the significance of boundary layer scale effects, particular at low flows. The measured piezometric head is shown to be significantly dependent on the elevation of the tapping point and illustrates the need to reproduce the precise tapping point location when model-rating a prototype Cut-throat flume.


Dy-doped Bi4Ti3O12 thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique, and the structures and electrical properties of the films were investigated. XRD results indicated that all of Bi4-xDyxTi3O12 films consisted of single phase of a bismuth-layered structure with well-developed rod-like grains. The remanent polarization ( Pr ) and coercive field (Ec) of the Bi4-xDyxTi3O12 Film with x=0.75 were 25μC/cm2 and 85KV/cm , respectively.


Recreational bird feeding is an extremely popular activity that influences winter bird distribution and demography and may influence other organisms near feeders. In the United States, an estimated 60 million people, or 43% of households, currently feed wild birds. For this reason, it has been suggested that public bird feeding currently is the largest wildlife management activity in northern temperate regions. We used a replicated experiment utilizing mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) as surrogate overwintering arthropods to examine whether supplemental winter bird feeding influences kill rate on nearby alternative foods (i.e., mealworms). After 6 weeks of exposure during winter 2000-2001, more mealworms were consumed in feeder plots than in control plots. Predation intensity on mealworms did not decline at distances up to 20 m from feeders. Our findings support the hypothesis that the aggregation of birds near a feeder results in increased predation on nearby bark-dwelling arthropods. Use of winter bird feeders as a potential alternative form of arthropod pest control deserves further study.


From November 1987 to May 1998, 16 patients with a small aortic annulus underwent patch enlargement of the aortic valve by Nicks' technique (in 9) or Manouguian's method (in 7). The mean age of the patients was 40 years (range, 22 to 58 years), mean body surface area was 1.54 m2 (range, 0.95 to 2.05 m2), and 11 were female. Concomitant procedures were mitral valve replacement in 4 cases, tricuspid commissurotomy and De Vega annuloplasty in 2, and one case each of patent ductus arteriosus ligation and coronary bypass. Aortic annular sizes were 15 to 19 mm (mean, 17.4 mm) preoperatively and 20 to 24 mm (mean, 22.1 mm) after the procedure. Two patients (12.5%) died in the early postoperative period. Peak pressure gradients across the prostheses were 15 to 22 mm Hg (mean, 19.4 mm Hg) on echocardiography. The mean duration of follow-up was 32.85 months (3 months to 8 years) and it was 92.8% complete. There were no late deaths. Mitral valve function was good except in one patient who had minimal mitral regurgitation after Manouguian's procedure. Both methods were found to be effective and reliable and should be performed when there is a risk of patient-prosthesis mismatch.


Documentation is presented for the first ptychographic X-ray computed tomography experiment on the NanoMAX beamline, along with a quantitative analysis of the reconstruction quality and a discussion of possibilities for future improvements.


Background Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disease characterized by morbid obesity and hyperphagia. Although the exact pathophysiological basis of obesity and hyperphagia remains unclear it is thought to be mainly due to hypothalamic dysfunction. Currently the options for medical therapy are limited and most are undergoing clinical trials. Lately glucagon like peptide agonist -1(GLP-1 agonist) has been tried out in this patient population due to its role in causing weight reduction, appetite suppression and glycemic control. We discuss our experience in using GLP-1 agonist on an adolescent with PWS and the challenges faced in managing these patients in a developing nation. Case Presentation A 16 year old Sri Lankan girl with PWS, presented with short stature, primary amenorrhea, morbid obesity (BMI =60) and hyperphagia. She had defaulted clinic follow up during child hood. Investigations revealed hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and growth hormone deficiency. Cortisol, prolactin and thyroid hormonal levels were normal as was the imaging of the pituitary gland. Glycemic assessment revealed pre diabetes with HbA1c level of 6.2% and fasting blood glucose 120 mg/dl. She was commenced on liraglutide monotherapy which resulted in remarkable control of hyperphagia. She lost 3 kilograms during a period of three months and HbA1c dropped from 6.2% to 5.0%. However due to the high cost of the drug, her caregiver was compelled to discontinue it after 3 months of treatment. She was commenced on replacement of growth hormone, estradiol and metformin. However, hyperphagia recurred and she regained weight. Attempts to refer the patient for behavioral therapy were declined by the patient and her caregiver. Conclusion GLP-1 agonists seem to be a promising drug for hyperphagia and morbid obesity in patients with PWS and warrants further study to demonstrate its efficacy and safety in the long term. Inaccessibility to modern and expensive drugs, social stigma in seeking psychiatric and behavioral therapies, lack of support groups and organized institutional care for such patients are some of the obstacles in managing a rare and challenging disease like PWS in developing countries where the ever rising communicable and non communicable diseases drain the bulk of the health budget.


In this paper, two-stage M-estimation functions for estimating the parameters of simultaneous equations model will be introduced, when the errors term of the reduced form follows a heavy tail distribution. A Monte Carlo simulation study will be executed to compare among different two-stage M-estimation functions for different sample sizes.


Ultra wideband communication system based on impulse(IR-UWB) carries information via pulse trains.The performance,complexity and spectrum utilizing efficiency of such system are determined by the characteristics of pulse.According to the criterion of signal design in communication system, an optimum orthogonal pulse which named PSWF is designed for IR-UWB communication system.The orthogonal pulse is not only completed but also flexible in spectrum control.With the pulse,an IR-UWB system located at any central frequency with any bandwidth which meets the FCC's definition can be designed.Another IR-UWB system with a controllable notch frequency can be also designed with it.This method offers a practicable solution to narrow interference suppression and spectrum coexistence.


This article describes a kind of new gate which can roll around the axis of rotation installed in the base plate of lock chamber to adapt to different water levels and requirements of flow control.The flow phenomenon of Under Horizontal Gate is very complex at the time of running of overflow to the top of water-remaining door.There is no corresponding specification to guide the calculation for the complex force at gate currently.This paper optimizes the gate structure by using the results of the plane simplified structure calculation and three-dimensional finite element calculation.


Various names have been used for Assam tea and they are typified here. The currently widely used name, Camellia sinensis var. assamica, is a combination based on Thea viridis var. assamica, not "T. assamica" because the latter was never validly published. Two earlier published names, C. theifera and T. cochinchinensis, and two later ones, C. tenuistipa and T. yersinii, may represent the same taxon and are treated as synonyms of T. viridis var. assamica because the latter has priority at the rank of variety and therefore is the correct name for Assam tea.


Two types of Cu-based friction materials with 0.75% nano-SiO2 and 0.75% Cu-coated nano-SiO2 (Cu/nano- SiO2) were obtained by powder metallurgy processes, respectively. The tribological properties of the two types of friction materials were investigated by using inertia friction tester and compared with that of the friction materials without nano-SiO2. The results show that a small quantity of nano-SiO2 can improve the heat resistance and the wear resistance of the friction materials, the heat resistance and the wear resistance of the friction materials with 0.75% Cu/nano-SiO2 are respectively improved by 32% and 2.02 times. While for the friction materials with 0.75% nano-SiO2, the heat resistance and the wear resistance are improved by 7% and 18%, respectively. Cu-coated nano-SiO2 exists a more obvious effect on the tribological properties than nano-SiO2.