In the course of signals and systems,not only the theories are abstract,but the formula are very complex.The experimental teaching enables students to develop their skills and innovation abilities better.However,traditional experiments have many disadvantages,such as the inconvenience and immobility,that is to say their portability is poor.Besides,it is usually difficult for us to change circuit connection and circuit parameters.Based on the programming language MATLAB with GUI which can provide a visualized interface,the system including four blocks—filter,continuous periodic signals decomposition and synthesis,signal sampling and recovery,signal modulation and demodulation,are designed.In this system,the theories are explicitly presented.Using the system,users can input parameters according to their demands,the operation is just simple.As a result,the system is very helpful for users to understand the comprehensive abstract theories,and is very helpful for students to cultivate and improve their consciousness and ability of creativity.


In this essay, I will draw upon the later (i.e., post c. 1930) work of Martin Heidegger to argue that sustainability might be brought about by fostering a special sort of attentiveness to things which should be thought of, not just as a particular frame of mind, but also as a bodily comportment, a "frame of body," if you will. I will begin by outlining Heidegger's views on "technological" society, before moving on to consider his account of a non-technological understanding of the world founded on a mode of being he calls a "releasement toward things." I will draw attention to the sensuous, bodily comportment toward nature implied in Heidegger's account before concluding by speculating on how this mode of being could be developed in an educational context.


In August, 1923, a white man, a mill operative, aged 46, was referred to me complaining of stiff arms and legs. His trouble had started in November, 1922, with diarrhea, which had continued for six months. In December, 1922, his knees had become stiff and painful on rising, and after a week or so the pain had extended to the ankles, which had become much swollen; the skin had become smooth, shiny, red and angry-looking from the middle of the feet to the knees. As in one of the cases reported by Longcope, 1 the man was thought by his physician to be suffering from chronic interstitial nephritis, at this time. The shins were extremely painful to the touch. After a few weeks, the wrists became painful; the forearms swelled and became stiff and painful, and the skin on the wrists became red. The temperature was taken repeatedly and found


Abstract The Rio Grande-Trans Pecos region of West Texas and northeastern Mexico is a highly complex geologic province, where a repetition of tectonic events since the Precambrian has resulted in the continual formation, destruction, and reformation of structural receiving basins. For each phase of tectonic activity that has occurred, syntectonic sediments were deposited. The position and character of these deposits in the record section serves to date and characterize each tectonic event. The local tectonic history of the region is a product of the influences of the overall tectonics of the North American craton. The location of the area in the south central portion of the active North American craton points to this fact. Major tectonic events with associated syntectonic sedimentation took place in the region during the Precambrian, late Paleozoic, early to middle Mesozoic, late Mesozic to early Cenozoic, and late Cenozoic. The earliest syntectonic sedimentation in the region occurred during the Precambrian, in response to alternating rifting and compressional events. During the late Paleozoic (Mississippian to Permian), the Ouachita compressional event resulted in a series of syntectonic deposits, accounting for essentially all of the Paleozoic synorogenic sedimentation. From early to middle Mesozoic, syntectonic conglomerates accumulated around the perimeter of the Chihuahua Trough. The Rio Grande Embayment became a primary area for syntectonic sedimentation with the late Mesozoic uplift, folding, and thrusting activity of the Laramide Orogeny. A late Cretaceous clastic sequence accumulated in the northwestern end of the Rio Grande Embayment (Maverick and Sabinas Basins). Synorogenic sedimentation in the Rio Grande Embayment continued into the Cenozoic, culminating with lower Eocene deltaic sediments. Syntectonic sedimentation associated with the Laramide event also continued to take place within the Rio Grande-Trans Pecos region. In middle Cenozoic time, Basin and Range deformation resulted in syntectonic sedimentation in intermontane basins. Also at this time, tectonically derived sediments once again accumulated in the Rio Grande Embayment.


This review deals with aspects of the cellular and molecular biology of the sieve element/companion cell complex, the functional unit of sieve tubes in angiosperms. It includes the following issues: (a) evolution of the sieve elements; (b) the specific structural outfit of sieve elements and its functional significance; (c) modes of cellular and molecular interaction between sieve element and companion cell; (d) plasmodesmal trafficking between sieve element and companion cell as the basis for macromolecular long-distance signalling in the phloem; (e) diversity of sieve element/ companion cell complexes in the respective phloem zones (collection phloem, transport phloem, release phloem); (f) deployment of carriers, pumps and channels on the plasma membrane of sieve element/companion cell complexes in various phloem zones; and (g) implications of the molecular-cellular equipment of sieve element/companion cells complexes for mass flow of water and solutes in a wholeplant frame.


Embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for obtaining information about one or more organisms. The device has an actuator, a sensor and an evaluation device. The actuator is configured to output an excitation signal for exciting the or animal. The sensor is designed to detect a from the or the living being generated in response to the excitation signal so as to obtain a detected signal. The evaluation device is designed to evaluate the detected signal to obtain the information on the one or more organisms.


With the advent of enhancing environmental and energy concerns, sustainability that can be done with the utilization of exhaust system energy that carries an ample amount of heat of combustion is of major concern. Improvement in the quality of environment and air conditioning of vehicle cabin adds to the merits of cogeneration. In this paper, recent research is reviewed and it illustrates the use of exhaust energy in both mobile and immobile diesel engines and discussed automobile cabin cooling application. This will lead to a dual advantage of cooling with a low grade energy of exhaust gas (which otherwise goes as waste) as well as greater environmental benefits with low use of Freon (like R12 or R22) which otherwise have been used in general AC systems. Use of low grade energy assisted cooling in compression ignition engine are a ready solution available to save Mother Earth from haunting environmental implications, however, with some limitations and with certain advantages as reported by many researchers. The aim of the paper is to discuss the potential of diesel engine exhaust heat in cooling and a comprehensive and critical review is presented pertaining to use of cogeneration/ trigeneration and various cabin cooling techniques in diesel engine.


The utility model provides an under-voltage trip circuit, and belongs to the field of low-voltage apparatus. The under-voltage trip circuit comprises a rectification sampling circuit, a power supply circuit and a control circuit, wherein, the rectification sampling circuit is connected with the power supply circuit and the control circuit; and the power supply circuit is connected with the control circuit. The under-voltage trip circuit is characterized in that the control circuit comprises a microprocessor circuit, an electrical level transfer circuit and a drive circuit; the microprocessor circuit is connected with the power supply circuit and the rectification sampling circuit; the electrical level transfer circuit is connected with the microprocessor circuit and the drive circuit; and the drive circuit is connected with the rectification sampling circuit and the power supply circuit. The utility model has the advantages that the tripping action is accurate and highly reliable; the pulling in point and the release point are accurate; certain return difference exists between the pulling in point and the release point; repeated pulling in and releasing are avoided; the heating of a tripping coil is effectively reduced; and the circuit structure is simple.


Objective: Computed tomography (CT) is the standard imaging modality for the sinuses. Patients frequently undergo multiple scans from diagnosis to image-guided surgery, and incorrect scans necessitate repeat imaging. A protocol was established to reduce the number of scans obtained and to limit radiation exposure to our sinus patients. Method: We designed a single isotropic study for diagnosis and surgical navigation. Reductions in kVp were made that would not compromise image detail or navigation fidelity. Two hundred adult CT sagittal sinus topograms were analyzed to determine how much cranial vertex could be eliminated from the imaged field. Results: The total radiation dose during image capture was reduced from 120 to 100 kVp without an appreciable change in detail. Average distance from supraorbital rim to the cephalad aspect of the frontal sinus was 1.4 (0-3.5) cm, and from the cephalad aspect to the vertex was 6.8 (3.9-10) cm. It was conservatively calculated that 3.0 cm of vertex could be cropped without compromising the frontal sinuses and would permit successful placement of the navigation headset. These changes resulted in approximately 30% reduction in radiation exposure per scan. This standardized sinus CT replaced other options, reducing the need for repeat imaging. Conclusion: Reducing dose, eliminating the vertex of the head, and offering only 1 multipurpose sinus CT results in significant reductions in radiation exposure without compromising diagnostic or navigational functionality. This new sinus CT protocol has been successfully implemented throughout our healthcare system.


Background: Reliable provision of safe water at healthcare facility level is essential to achieve quality care and minimize the risk of healthcare associated infections. To this end, various standards stipulate that availability of water should be guaranteed in healthcare facilities. However, the adherence to and consequences of non-adherence to these standards in the healthcare sector are rarely evaluated.
Objectives: We set out to assess the association between water rationing and early neonatal infections in the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, which is faced with water rationing three days per week.
Setting: Data from the maternity and neonatal care unit of the Bolgatanga Regional hospital were used.
Design and participants: A retrospective cohort study using routine hospital data was conducted. Associations were assessed between the source of water (piped or stored/trucked during rationing) in the hospital in the first 48 hours after delivery and the development of early neonatal infection; risk ratios (RR) and their associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.
Results: It was found that the risk of early neonatal infection during periods of stored/trucked water (6.9/1000 live births) was twice that during tap water (3.4/1000 livebirths); (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.2, p=0.002). Furthermore, only 30% of the new-borns had uninterrupted access to tap water in the first two days after birth.
Conclusion: During water rationing, the significantly higher risks of early neonatal infections should be considered prospectively and alternatives secured to protect such vulnerable groups. More research is recommended to build a specific association between the alternative sources of water during rationing and the risk of neonatal infections in order to identify the best option during such difficult times.


Abstract MILLER et al. (1959a, b, 1967) reported that one strain of inbred chickens selected by Bearse et al. (1963) for resistance to the avian leukosis complex retained more mercury in the liver and kidney following injection of mercuric chloride than another line selected for susceptibility. Later, Miller et al. (1969) reported a possible relationship between retention of mercury and resistance to lymphoid leukosis. During the course of the investigation the retention of mercury in a number of other lines of chickens, resulting from commercial, university and federal selections of strains and strain crosses, was determined and this paper reports these results. METHODS AND MATERIALS Shipments of hatching eggs or day old chicks of several strains and strain crosses were obtained from research laboratories or commercial hatcheries. The 32 samples of strains and strain crosses are listed in Table 1. Strains WWREC-R (leukosis resistant) and S (leukosis susceptible), developed by the…


The relationship between lender and debtor is different from that of buyer and seller because of the asymmetric income and risk between the two. By setting up a game model of bank-enterprise credit relationship, this paper indicates that the primary reason of "market invalidation"and distribution invalidation caused from the distortion of capital price is the asymmetric information in credit markets. We also find that governmental policies are the most critical factor to solve the problem of asymmetric information in credit markets, besides the factors of standardization of the bank interior management and improvement of the enterprise management transparency.


The escalation of COVID-19 curves is high and the researchers worldwide are working on diagnostic models, in the way this article proposes COVID -19 diagnostic model using plithogenic cognitive maps. This paper introduces the new concept of plithogenic sub cognitive maps including the mediating effects of the factors. The thirteen study factors are categorized as grouping factors, parametric factors, risks factors and output factor. The effect of one factor over another is measured directly based on neutrosophic triangular representation of expert's opinion and indirectly by computing the mediating factor's effects. This new approach is more realistic in nature as it takes the mediating effects into consideration together with contradiction degree of the factors. The possibility of children, adult and old age with risk factors and parametric factors being infected by corona virus is determined by this diagnostic model.


PURPOSE
We examined the potential therapeutic effect of NS398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, combined with irradiation on human prostate adenocarcinoma DU145 cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The effect on tumor growth, proliferation testing and clonogenic survival was determined to evaluate its antitumor effect when exposed to NS398 or combined with irradiation. Immunoblotting analyses were done to detect the expression of COX-2, nuclear factor-kappaB p50 and Rel A p65 because evidence suggested a biological association of COX-2 with alterations in these markers. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was also performed to show its effect on the transcription level of COX-2.

RESULTS
Exposure of DU145 cells to NS398 alone suppressed proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner. Examination of the NS398 effect on the radiation response showed marked enhancement of radiosensitivity. Western blot indicated that NS398 down-regulated the expression of COX-2, nuclear factor-kappaB, p50 and Rel A p65, whereas the effect was more pronounced when combined with irradiation. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that the NS398 antitumor effect was associated with COX-2 transcription inhibition. Importantly COX-2 expression was enhanced by irradiation but this phenomenon was abolished when cells were exposed to NS398. Inhibition of tumor growth in animal model was observed when mice were treated with NS398 alone and irradiation alone, and this effect was maximal when treated with NS398 and irradiation.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that NS398 could be used as a potential therapeutic agent combined with irradiation for prostate adenocarcinoma.


Introduction Sodium concentration in the body is controlled by osmoregulatory system, which regulate water intake and excretion. If this system fails and plasma sodium level stray outside its normal range (135-145mmol/L), the cells are exposed to hypotonic or hypertonic stress. Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte imbalances, occurring in up to 20% of hospitalized patients. It is defined as a plasma sodium concentration lower than 135mmol/L, with severe hyponatremia being below 120mmol/L. The symptoms of hyponatremia vary, depending not only on the concentration of sodium, but also on the rate of lowering of natremia. Mild symptoms may include headaches, cognitive impairment, lethargy, nausea, and vomiting; however, the signs may be subtle, or it may be asymptomatic whatsoever. In severe hyponatremia consciousness disturbances, seizures, and coma are common. The most common cause of hyponatremia include vomiting and diarrhea, adrenal insufficiency, heart, liver and renal failure, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), cerebral salt wasting syndrome, osmotic diuresis, and hyperglycemia. One should not forget about overhydration as a potential reason of hyponatremia. Here we present a case of a child with severe hyponatremia due to fluid oversupply. A two-year-old boy was admitted to the Emergency Department after an episode of seizures lasting several minutes, with breathing disorders and loss of consciousness. Past medical history was not relevant, the psychomotor and physical development was normal (body mass 14kg = 72pc, height 91,5cm = 63pc, BMI 16,7kg/m 2 =75pc). Laboratory examination revealed a decreased natremia of 120mmol/L, which was gradually corrected with 3% sodium chloride,


The Heck reaction of aryl iodides with 1,2-dihydronaphthalene has been examined. Two separate reaction pathways are observed under all the conditions tried. Arylation adjacent to the aromatic ring leads to a subsequent double bond shift such that the product is a 1-aryl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. The alternative regiochemistry leads to production of the corresponding 3-aryl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, and labelling studies with specifically deuterated alkenes demonstrate that this is most likely to be the result of a trans Pd-H elimination pathway. The ratio always varies between 75 : 25 in favour of the 3-aryl product (Jeffery conditions) to 70 : 30 in favour of the 1-aryl product.


Interest in the medicine of childhood is shifting from concern with mortality and short term morbidity to the long term effects of childhood ill health on the well being of adults. There is a clear need for very long term studies of the outcome in children exposed to deprivation and illness in early life. It has always been known that the infant mortality rate is a good index of the well being of a population, as indeed straightforward biological considerations would imply; but only recently have hard data been available linking such rates to the health into old age of the survivors in a definable cohort. We now have the work of Barker and Osmond to remind us that, though it may be the fittest who survive disease in childhood, a proportion of the survivors are to some extent rendered unfit for the rest of their lives by having to surmount too testing a challenge at a vulnerable time in their development.' In some cases it can even be shown that this relationship applies to particular organ systems-for example, recurrent bronchitis in childhood predisposes to chronic bronchitis in middle age. We do now of course have the lowest mortality rates in childhood that have probably ever been attained in this country as a whole; but nevertheless major class differences persist within our population and our rates are not as low as those of better off or better organised 'neighbours'.3 To take some obvious examples: nephritis and pyelonephritis acquired in childhood probably account for something like a half of all cases of renal failure requiring dialysis or transplants in adult life. 7 The same can be said for chronic valvular heart disease in adults, which used to be the long term consequence of childhood rheumatic fever,8 while there is a probably justified suspicion that atherosclerosis and hypertension may be the late effects of processes beginning in early life.9 "' Yet what we know to be demonstrably so in some instances is more than matched by what we do not know but may suspectsuch as Dr Murray's suggestion (coming from no less an authority than the Dean of the Institute of Psychiatry) that there may be a relationship between perinatal insult and schizophrenia.'1 Nor should we forget that our success in prolonging the lives of children suffering from what used to be fatal conditions like diabetes, leukaemia, and cystic fibrosis now presents physicians for adults with quite large numbers of patients whose adult existence will remain medically precarious until better ways are found of treating them. Thus we have the paradox that if we wish to minimise ill health in our increasing population of pensioners, we need to start at their conception, not catch up with their problems in middle age. Moreover, it needs to be pointed out that their pensions will be paid for by the work of the generation treading on their heels, and will depend therefore on its physical and psychological well being. This, of course, is not necessarily an argument for increasing medical and nursing provision for our child population: economic and cultural factors are probably more important in determining their well being. "' But nevertheless, without study of what it is that relates poverty and ignorance to physical and emotional illness, we shall not succeed in applying resources in a cost effective way, and only medical research will enable these relationships to be worked out in sufficient detail for preventive measures to be properly focused. Attributing ill health to inferior genes will only lead us into the morally suspect field of eugenics. Success is more likely to come from the discovery of what is the best environment for a particular genetic constitution-for example, a phenylalanine deficient diet for those with phenylketonuria. It is clear that there is great scope for a widening of the concept of preventative medicine in line with the recognition that the future of medical child care lies in the appointment of more, and better educated and organised, community paediatricians, using hospitals as community resources and concerned with the provision of the best possible environment for successful child rearing by the removal of what gets in its way,8 and by the identification of special needs.


Comic book translation still is a relatively unexplored area in Translation Studies. Therefore, there is few theoretical footing specifically related to it. Recent worldwide comic book production – especially related to so-called "graphic novels" –, however, posits a status for comics similar to the one attributed to literature, which means comic books are being more accepted as significant cultural objects, as well as research objects. From this context, this projects aims to propose guidelines for the specific understanding of comic book translation, as compared to translations practices in other media. Therefore, it presents five specifics proper to this kind of translation: (1) the linguistic content units-only translator intervention; (2) layout-binding; (3) verbal break indissolubility; (4) translation document = letterer script; (5) the letterer as cotranslator.


What makes a serious habitual offender ? What can a criminal justice system do to contain, punish, and reform such offenders and protect other citizens from becoming their victims ? In this book, a follow up to their earlier study of the lives of offenders in the railway town of Crewe, Godfrey, Cox and Farrall address these questions for the period from roughly 1850 to 1940. The data and the broad conclusions are rooted in a historical experience, but the authors have their eyes on the contem...


This report responds to the request by the USAID/Central Asia Regional Mission to do an assessment of where USAID could best respond to HIV prevention in the Central Asia Republics (CAR) and to suggest gaps in knowledge in order to plan effective interventions. The purpose of this initial assessment was to assess data gaps contextual and policy constraints and implementing and collaborating groups and to make recommendations regarding prevention interventions in three cities/regions - one each in Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. This assessment was performed in January 2001. (excerpt)


The necessity,status and existing problems of developing cuper rice in Leqing,Zhejiang Province were discussed and the countermeasures to further develop super rice were put forward.


Promiscuous plasmids and genetic fluidity aside, the unbridled and indiscriminate use of antibiotics, lack of infection control policies and an inadequate national surveillance system have added to the spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1). Notwithstanding, as NDM-1 bacteria are mainly spread via the fecal–oral route, the dissemination of NDM-1 in the Indian community is highly likely and, therefore, inadequate sewage systems, which are often present in these countries, only further exacerbates the problem. Accordingly, the solution requires holistic actions and a change of social priorities which, if invoked, will almost certainly be too late to save one of medicine's precious and long-standing resources: antibiotics...


Purpose

This paper aims to discuss some of the findings of an ongoing "Green & Smart Furniture" (GSF) research project. It actually focuses on third-age consumers' behavior and interest in purchasing smart and eco-friendly wooden furniture, providing some critical implications for the successful design and production of GSF products in the framework of innovation and differentiation.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology is based on empirical data gathered from consumer research across Greece. The target group for "smart and eco furniture", under the context of the present research, has to do with the third age, following the claims of many researchers that market orientation is essential for innovation success.

Findings

The present research promotes the development of innovation for furniture manufacturing industries, opening a new pathway in confronting the difficulties and strong competition. Firms should redesign their strategy, focusing on differentiation by including innovative products in their portfolio with high added value.

Originality/value

The present research is a prototype for the Greek and European furniture market, one designed to answer certain relevant questions regarding the drivers of innovation for the specific sector and the specific target group.


Numerical analysis of function capabilities for nonlinear optical frequency conversion (harmonic generation, sum- and difference-frequency generation, parametric oscillation and amplification) in new nonlinear crystals BaGa<inf>2</inf>GeS<inf>6</inf> and BaGa<inf>2</inf>GeSе<inf>6</inf> in their transparency range was performed. The most efficient frequency mixing schemes were defined.


This article discusses Swiss animal law from a constitutional point of view challenging the principles of 'sentient beings' and 'dignity' in the enforcement.


In an existed multi-party computation protocol, any verifier must be a participant. A new secure multi-party computation among t participants and a verifier was proposed, in which the verifier no belong to participants can learn the final output. Our protocol is more practicable in some important situations, for example, in an electronic bidding, where an arbiter is only a verifier but is usually not a participant.


Fusing disparity maps from different methods is an useful technique to get a refined disparity map by leveraging the complimentary advantage. We present a model for disparity fusion that uses an adversarial network, which can be trained without using ground truth disparity data. We input two initial disparity maps (from the left view) along with auxiliary information (gradient, left & right intensity image) into the generator and train the generator to output a refined disparity map registered on the left view. The refined left disparity map and left intensity image are used to reconstruct a fake right intensity image. Finally, the fake and real right intensity images (from the right stereo vision camera) are fed into a discriminator. The trained network's architecture is effective for the fusion task (90 fps on Kitti2015). The accuracy is on par or even better than the state-of-art supervised methods. A demo video is available https://youtu.be/XTHOF3kZGsU.


Summary Sleep is a process occurring in all living animals. Although it is still controversial whether insects and other animals sleep alike; there is no doubt that they rest, as many studies in Drosophila melanogaster have shown. In this context, several seminal studies have documented species-dependent variations in sleep patterns. These findings along with obvious non-learned characteristics of sleep in general, such as the total time of sleep, the alternating NREM–REM sleep pattern, among many others, suggest strong regulation by genes. Clearly, the way genes may influence sleep physiology is via proteins. Hence, the importance of proteins in the regulation of sleep is observed in every minute event occurring to trigger or to maintain sleep. In this chapter we discuss families of proteins that are grouped by their effect on food ingestion, immunological response, trophic activity, and intracellular signaling, all of them affecting the sleep–waking cycle. Although we do not fully discuss the mechanisms of action, we put our effort in highlighting their effects on sleep. Along with the proteins and their effects we have listed those genes encoding them. We also show examples of proteins and the way they affect sleep. Hence, we hope that the overall message that readers will gather from this chapter is the importance of several proteins in the regulation of sleep. Also, by observing the effects of each family of proteins we can infer at least some functions of sleep and, finally, that sleep is a multigenic trait.


Although the population prefers growing geese, there are medium-sized farms that have flocks of ducks from this race. Pekin breed presents valuable productive morphological indices and an amazing capacity of acclimatization, consequently, suited both for extensive and intensive operating systems. In the research carried out we studied the birds of the same three private farms, by the order Anseriformes, Anas platyrhynchos domesticus specie, Pekin breed, in Bihor county. 90 females and 15 males have been studied. The Pekin young male realized an average weight at 18 weeks of 2852.5 g / head starting from a one day old bud weight of 63.4 g / head. At female buds we noticed a similar trend, realizing at the end of the youth time, an average weight of 2366 g / head from 62.1 g / head at one day-age. In adult specimens ,the weight is increasing at the same rate as at the young birds, until 27 – 28 weeks of age, after which the growth rate is reduced significantly. In males there is an average performance of 3551.1 g / head, meaning a plus of 21% extra weight compared to the weight measured at the end of youthtime and in females of 2982,5g/head, meanimg 23.7% plus, using the same reporting criteria.


xi CHAPTER I. THE NEED TO STUDY WHAT ACADEMIC DEANS DO 1 Research Questions 6 Rationale for the Study 7 Description of the Research 8 Significance of the Research 9 Limitations of the Study 9 Definition of Key Terms 9 CHAPTER n. THE ACADEMIC DEANSHIP IN THE LITERATURE 11 The Historical Development of the Academic Dean's Position 12 The Academic Dean's Position 15 Changing Careers 15 The Uniqueness of the Academic Dean's Position 16 Dilemmas of the Academic Deanship 17 Pathways to the Deanship 17 Career Trajectory 18 Contributing Factors 18 The Selection of the E)ean 19 The Process 19 Criteria for Selection 19 Job Readiness 20 Preparation for the Deanship 20 New Deans 20 A Demographic Analysis of Academic Deans 22 ProWe 23 How Diverse is the Deanship? 24 Ethnicity 24 Gender 24 Roles of the Academic Dean 25 Academic Leader 25 Leader 26 Resource Allocator 26 Mediator/Advocate 26 Collaborator 26


Abstract A modified tubular butt assembly for testing adhesive joints was found to yield greater precision and sensitivity than previous methods. Effects due to modifying the surface pretreatment of aluminurn-epoxy joints could be identified and analyzed statistically by the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. The use of a very short tube integrally mounted on a solid rod minimizes axial stress components. The joints are easily handled and tested, and due to their greater reproducibility, fewer tests are necessary.


Enteral feeding via nasogastric tube (NGT) is frequently required in hospital inpatients. While the majority are inserted correctly, there is a risk of placing the NGT inadvertently in the bronchial tree, particularly if the inserting physician lacks competency.1 This can cause significant aspiration pneumonia if undetected. Inexperienced interns often confirm …


The largest study unit in the Level 3 Diploma sounds daunting, but is highly valuable in theory and practice, says Mary Evans.


A multichannel atomic emission spectrum analyzer based on four BLPP-2000 photodiode arrays has been developed that provides recording a sequence of several thousand spectra with an exposure time of 0.4 during excitation of a powdered geological sample. Signal-to-noise ratio of Au 267.595 nm spectral line scintillation recorded by a BLPP-2000 array is shown to be 10 times higher than that recorded by a BLPP-369M1 array.


Blood pressure (BP) increases in postmenopausal women. BP is higher in ovariectomized (OVX) Dahl salt sensitive rats (DS) compared to intact females (INT). Estrogen is an antioxidant. We hypothesized that OVX leads to increased oxidative stress (ROS), increased BP and renal injury. INT and OVX, 13 weeks of age (n=4–6/grp), were given low salt (LS) diet 0.3%, and supplemented with either tempol (T) (1mmol/L, p.o.) or water for 2 weeks. BP was measured via femoral catheter. ROS was measured by lucigenin in kidney. Urinary albumin (UAlb) and nitrate/nitrite excretion (UNOx) were measured at the end. OVX on LS had higher MAP than INT, and T had no effect in either group. ROS was higher in OVX than INT, and was reduced with T in OVX. UAlb was higher in OVX, and was not affected by T in either group. UNOx was higher in INT than OVX, and was increased with T only in OVX. Despite the fact that ROS are higher and UNOx increases with T in OVX, ROS play no role in mediating HT or renal injury in OVX DS rats on LS. These data suggest that antioxidants may not reduce BP or renal injury in postmenopausal women. (Supported by NIH HL66072)


This invention discloses one method for service high speed down common transmission channel HS-DSCH area switch, which comprises the following steps: service wireless network controller SRNC takes indication message during the area switch in front or back area or user terminals; after activating switch back aim service HS-DSCH area high speed down set interface of HSDPA and removing front source service HS-DSCH area of HSDPA.


Any effective compression system must be able to generate three distinctive interface pressure levels between the compression material and the leg. These three key pressures are the resting pressure (pressure sustained upon application of compression bandage – also known as supine pressure), the load pressure (pressure during standing) and the working pressure (pressure during walking). To promote pumping of blood upwards these three pressures are in a relationship with low resting pressure, high load pressure and highest working pressure. To achieve these three levels of pressures the compression material must be provided with some characteristics of which elasticity and stiffness are the most important (Partch H., 2005). We can assume that a good bandage must have a low elastic modulus before lock-out but a high modulus after lock-out with a narrow lock-out range.


There are extreme gusts and waves when the developing extratropical cyclones(DECS)enters the Zhejiang coastal waters,which can bring about shipwrecks and fatalities.In this study,the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model system which is typically used in the regional meso-scale model prediction,was used to simulate a DECS process.Three experiments were conducted:experiment one(without assimilation data);experiment two(with assimilation of cloud drift wind data(CDWD),quality control was not conducted to the CDWD)and experiment three(with assimilation of CDWD,quality control was conducted to the CDWD).The comparison of the three experiments shows that including the assimilation of CDWD,they can have positive impact on DECS prediction.The results of experiment three are very similar to those of actual observation,therefore it can improve the prediction accuracy about the DECS which influence the Zhejiang coastal waters.


Objective To study the curative effect of advanced stage colon carcinoma treated by L-OHP combined with 5-FU/CF and the effect of serum cytokine and toxicoside effect.Methods 65 advanced stage colon carcinoma were treated by the therapeutic alliance of L-OHP +5-FU+CF, 21 day×3 cycle, and the curative effect were evaluated after one month. The level of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ were detected by ELISA.Results After three course of treatment, the total effective rate was 42.9%, there were significant difference between the first-treated group and retreatment group (P0.01); the level of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ after treatment were higher than those before treatment (P0.01).The main side effects were hypoleukocytosis, digestive reaction, and neurotoxicity. There were no dead patient during treatment.Conclusion The therapeutic alliance of L-OHP+5-FU+CF is worth spreading because of better curative effect, improving immunological function and lower side effect.


Abstract Masers have been well-known phenomena for decades, but water masers at 183, 321, 325 and 658 GHz have only been detected since the 1990s. Early detections came from single-dish telescopes with follow-up observations from the PdBI and the Submillimeter Array. Detecting them at these short wavelengths has been very difficult due to water in our atmosphere, meaning that even in very good weather, one can only detect very bright masers, such as those in stellar atmospheres. In the last 7 years, a new window on submillimeter water masers, both Galactic and now extragalactic, has opened. Located at high altitude, above a large fraction of the Earth's atmosphere, ALMA sits on the edge of the driest desert on the planet, meaning that the air that does remain above the telescope is frequently extremely low in water vapor content. Combine this with sensitive, stable receivers covering a number of masing transitions from 183-658 GHz and you have an excellent machine for detecting and characterizing submillimeter water masers. In addition, other molecules also exhibit maser emission in the ALMA observing bands, such as SiO and HCN.


Rotor blade, having an airfoil with leading edge and a rear, being configured profile for the configuration of a lifting force by pressure differences between a suction side and a pressure profile if the air flowing over the rotor blade, wherein the blade means rotor for modifying the curvature, these means being arranged on one side in the front edge, and secondly on the rear edge, and being configured passively, ie not coupled together by external power supply, except for the air entering, characterized in that in the front edge a spring for adjusting the work area of the system is provided.


Introduction: Cashew represents an important economic contribution in Brazil and occupies a promising market for the export of its derivatives. The use of the cashew stalk for the production of new food products is a way to take advantage of the juicy part of the fruit, avoiding its exaggerated waste, which represents about 85% of the annual production of more than 1,000,000 tons. The waste is due to the fact that the nut is used for the production of oils and edible nuts, this being the main commercial interest in relation to the whole fruit. Objectives: To characterize the hamburger sandwich made from the cashew stalk, oat bran and cashew nut emulsion, and the cashew nut emulsion offering a complete way of using it. Methodology: An experimental study carried out between March and May 2017. The elaboration of the cashew vegetable hamburger was based on removing the liquid present in the peduncle, followed by cutting it into small cubes, sautéing it in soy oil together with the other condiments and liquefy it. This preparation was mixed with oat bran, and the resulting dough was modeled in a characteristic hamburger shape. The cashew nut emulsion was obtained after 4 hours of soaking the nut in drinking water, which was liquefied with spices. For the preparation of bread, fresh biological yeast, sugar, oil, water, salt, wheat flour enriched with iron and folic acid and oat bran were used, which were respectively mixed, modeled and baked in a conventional oven. To assess the nutritional quality of the cashew vegetable hamburger sandwich and cashew nut emulsion, the 4th edition of the Brazilian Food Composition Table was used. Results: The product's nutritional information was developed for the 200g portion of sandwich. An energy value of 442 Kcal, 72 g of carbohydrates, 16 g of proteins, 5.5 g of total fats, 0.7 g of saturated fats, 11 g of fiber, 403 mg of sodium and 30 mg of vitamin C was obtained, highlighting the high value of vitamin C (67% of the RV) and fiber (44% of the RV) achieved. Conclusion: The product had a high content of dietary fiber and vitamin C in the portion, according to the criteria established in RDC No. 54 of 12 November 2012, as well as a low amount of total and saturated fats, demonstrating that it offers advantages for the consumer and differs positively from other products in this category.


Metal halide perovskites have shown exceptional performance in optoelectronic devices, including tandem photovoltaics[1, 2] and LEDs[3]. However, their impressive performance is surprising given that they exhibit several forms of heterogeneity, namely spatially varying deep charge carrier trap densities[4], structural heterogeneity in the form of multiple phase inclusions and impurities[5, 6], as well as considerable chemical heterogeneity[7, 8]. All these variations are considered to be negative in conventional semiconductors and so halide perovskites high performance in spite of these has meant they have been referred to as 'defect tolerant'. The micro-nanoscale variations of these properties in halide perovskites means that microscopic imaging of these materials is essential to obtain a full understanding of their properties rather than an obtaining an ensemble average at the macroscale. Here, I will discuss how we resolve this paradoxical defect tolerant behaviour by providing an overall visualisation of the landscape –


The construction of houses in small cluster (less than 25 units) has been a popular
solution of supplying the need of public housing over the last 10 years. This kinds of urban
development is known as Leap-frog Development. This research has an aim to observe the
influences of those phenomenon to the surrounding environment.
Morphology is one of important aspects of an observation method which is commonly
applied in conducting such research. Taking case on Desa Malangjiwan west of the Surakarta,
the analysis was focused on three main factors, namely : the pattern of road, drainage ; land
useng ; and composition of buildings/houses.
The results of research indicates two important conclusions. Firstly, some positive
influences were the improvement of vitality and intensity the nearest roads; increasing the
development various kinds of building in the nearby area including shop-houses, offices,
trading companies and improvement of the telecommunication system. Secondly, the negative
influences, such as traffic jam often occur at the intersection between the main entrance of
area with the main road; uncontrolled-development area especially conversing the fertile farm
area into various built-up areas.
The most important recommendation is that developer, local government and local
community have to discuss properly during the planning process of the construction of houses
in small group to formulate the legislation for stimulating a synergic interaction in various
aspects between the new group of houses and its environment.


The evolution of positively buoyant jets was studied with non-intrusive techniques—Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Induce Fluorescence (LIF)—by analyzing four physical tests in their four characteristic zones: momentum dominant zone (jet-like), momentum to buoyancy transition zone (jet to plume), buoyancy dominant zone (plume-like), and lateral dispersion dominant zone. Four configurations were tested modifying the momentum and the buoyancy of the effluent through variations of flow discharge and the thermal gradient with the receiving water body, respectively. The physical model results were used to evaluate the performance of numerical models to describe such flows. Furthermore, a new method to delimitate the four characteristic zones of positively buoyant jets interacting with the water-free surface was proposed using the angle (α) shaped by the tangent of the centerline trajectory and the longitudinal axis. Physical model results showed that the dispersion of mass (concentrations) was always greater than the dispersion of energy (velocity) during the evolution of positively buoyant jets. The semiempirical models (CORJET and VISJET) underestimated the trajectory and overestimated the dilution of positively buoyant jets close to the impact zone with the water-free surface. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model (Open Field Operation And Manipulation model (OpenFOAM)) is able to reproduce the behavior of positively buoyant jets for all the proposed zones according to the physical results.


This paper analyses the scoliotic curves in 100 Indian patients who attended Scoliosis Clinic at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between January 1982 and December 1983. We found that Idiopathic scoliosis was the commonest and both sexes were equally affected. Majority of the curves were to the right side. The incidence of Infantile Idiopathic scoliosis was very insignificant. Congenital scoliosis was second commonest Incidence of paralytic scoliosis was much less in spite of poliomyelitis being common in India. We have presented a detailed analysis of various curved and also the role of muscle imbalance in the production and progression of scoliosis.


This letter reports the results of the validation study on Jason-2 (JA2) rain flag and rain rate (RR) estimation over North Indian Ocean for the first time. This study was performed using 12 months of Geophysical Data Record (GDR) and collocated Microwave Imager and Precipitation Radar (PR) observations onboard Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) employing strict spatial and temporal collocation criteria. The present study brought out that rain flag parameter available in GDR was not triggered during rain events, and an attempt is made to recompute the same using a novel method of differential attenuation between Ku band and C band backscatter. The score of rain detection using recomputed Ku/C mean rain-free relation is found to be about 98%. The high rain detection by JA2 clearly demonstrates the performance of the dual-frequency rain flagging while considering the high temporal and spatial variability of the rain. The comparison of RR estimated from JA2 with TRMM sensors was in good agreement. The results of the present study thus accentuate the need for better rain flagging over regional oceans which is essential to evade erroneous values in altimetric geophysical parameters.


From the SARS epidemic in 2003 to the African swine fever epidemic in 2018 and to the present 2019-ncov in the end of 2019, China's ability to prevent and control public crisis events is also gradually strengthening with the passage of time and the enhancement of strength. In the case of the sudden 2019-ncov in late 2019, China's ability and attitude to manage public crises can be seen in the speed with which it moves from identifying the situation to determining its nature and responding accordingly. Based on the impact of the 2019-ncov crisis on China and the measures taken by the relevant parties, this article summarizes the governance path of China's public crisis and puts forward corresponding improvement measures to improve the government's coordinated prevention and control capabilities. 1. A basic Overview of the 2019-ncov


In this paper, we consider a semilinear heat equation with Dirichlet boundary equation in a bounded domain. Under some assumptions, we show that the solution of the above problem quenches in a finite time and its quenching time goes to that of the solution of a certain differential equation when the size of the domain tends to infinity. Finally, we give some numerical experiments to illustrate our analysis.


Abstract This paper addresses several problems associated to local energy solutions (in the sense of Lemarié-Rieusset) to the Navier-Stokes equations with initial data which is sufficiently small at large or small scales as measured using truncated Morrey-type quantities, namely: (1) global existence for a class of data including the critical L2-based Morrey space; (2) initial and eventual regularity of local energy solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations with initial data sufficiently small at small or large scales; (3) small-large uniqueness of local energy solutions for data in the critical L2-based Morrey space. A number of interesting corollaries are included, including eventual regularity in familiar Lebesgue, Lorentz, and Morrey spaces, a new local generalized Von Wahl uniqueness criteria, as well as regularity and uniqueness for local energy solutions with small discretely self-similar data.


Until recently there was wide agreement that a threshold blood lead value existed below which clinical signs and symptoms of intoxication did not appear. The limit defined was one of 80 ..mu..g/100 g of blood for adults and 60 or 40 ..mu..g/100 g for children. There is evidence to show that these levels are too high; new maximum permissible limits are proposed for adults and for children. The main value of blood lead concentrations is to monitor abnormal exposure in a population rather than to serve as a major diagnostic tool.


Chemical space is often discussed with a focus on the chemicals rather than the spatiality. We focus on exploring a natural structure for representing chemical space as a structured domain: embedding drug-like chemical space into an enumerable hypergraph based on scaffold/fragment classes linked through an inclusion operator. Storing the associated structure for over 100 billion molecules is intractable for a standard database and it would lack generative qualities. This paper shows transformer models can be used two-fold to generate novel molecules based on relations to other molecules as well as retrieve molecules like a database based on relational queries. Thus, the transformer model is used to navigate an underlying graph representation of chemical space on-the-fly. We develop a user interface to illustrate how on-the-fly chemical space generation and traversal can be interactive and useful for medicinal chemistry and chemical space visualization.


Thank you for downloading weapons of mass persuasion marketing the war against iraq. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this weapons of mass persuasion marketing the war against iraq, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


Adopting e-Government Procurement in public contract has been advanced by scholar as a positive way of increasing SMEs access to public procurement market because it guarantees swift access to information, transparency in public procurement proceedings and removes bureaucratic bottleneck associated with government contracts. However, acceptance of the automated system of procurement by SMEs has been reported low in literature. This present study investigates three of the major factors that affect SMEs acceptance of e-Government Procurement in Nigeria. Data were collected using questionnaire from 200 SMEs owners and managers who were conveniently selected. Multiple regressions were used in analysing the data. The empirical findings indicate that cultural, security as well as legal factor affect SMEs acceptance of e-GP with cultural factor being the most significant predictor of e-GP acceptance decision.

The study recommends that government must embark on massive enlightenment campaign to create awareness on the benefits of adoption of e-Government Procurement to all stakeholders particularly SMEs owners, ensure that the system is structured in a way that it will guarantee security and confidentiality of information and that relevant legal backing is given to the process.


Abstract Background. Behavioral resilience in mosquitoes poses a significant challenge to mosquito control. Although behavior changes in anopheline vectors have been reported over the last decade, there are no empirical data to suggest they compromise the efficacy of vector control in reducing malaria transmission. Methods. In this study, we quantified human exposure to both bites and infective bites of a major malaria vector in Papua New Guinea over the course of 4 years surrounding nationwide bednet distribution. We also quantified malaria infection prevalence in the human population during the same time period. Results. We observed a shift in mosquito biting to earlier hours of the evening, before individuals are indoors and protected by bednets, followed by a return to preintervention biting rates. As a result, net users and non–net users experienced higher levels of transmission than before the intervention. The personal protection provided by a bednet decreased over the study period and was lowest in the adult population, who may be an important reservoir for transmission. Malaria prevalence decreased in only 1 of 3 study villages after the distribution. Discussion. This study highlights the necessity of validating and deploying vector control measures targeting outdoor exposure to control and eliminate malaria.


In an earlier study, the authors introduced the new algorithm that allows for a definition of open pit limits taking into consideration time value of money. This study presents further expansion of this algorithm that allows determining the optimum mining sequence and optimum width of pushbacks, in a manner that maximises the net present value (NPV) of a deposit. The algorithm combines dynamic programming and mining heuristic, and allows for incorporation of price vectors, costs, cut-off grades and other mine design parameters. Test runs of the algorithm conducted by the authors have led consistently to pits and mining sequences with higher NPV values than those generated using parametric techniques.


This is a huge book with 526 A4 sized densely packed pages and it is difficult in a review of this length to do it justice. It consists of 33 technical papers, presented roughly in chronological order, that follow the engineering geological aspects of the feasibility studies, investigation, analysis, design and construction of the Channel Tunnel, not forgetting the back analysis of the problems encountered and the claims for unforeseen conditions which are viewed from both sides of the argument. The book covers the work on both sides of the Channel although with a moderate UK bias. There is an index and copious reference list. A great amount of detail is presented on such issues as ground permeability and grouting, ground instrumentation and rock deformation, overbreak and TBM performance, geological structure and alignment, geophysics and statistical evaluation of the level of the optimum tunnelling horizon. Landslipping and ground stability at the portals, muck handling and environmental issues are also covered. All will prove an invaluable reference source for anyone tunnelling in weak rock. The project is an object lesson to all engineering geologists, hydrogeologists, geotechnical and tunnel engineers of whatever age and level of experience. The papers are, however, very much about engineering geology and anyone expecting to see high-powered mathematical analysis of the tunnels will be disappointed. The paper on NATM is well worth reading and could have been longer. The authors of the papers are the geologists who were actively involved and many of the papers convey a real sense of excitement of those times when they were pushing back the frontiers of our science and it is a very readable book. The data is presented in copious tables and figures which are discussed at some length with refreshing frankness, the conclusions being clearly presented together with the unresolved issues, uncertainties and risk assessments. The book is very well produced with many clear detailed diagrams and excellent photographs of the work in progress. The only complaint on this aspect is that a few of the drawings have been reduced to too small a scale, making the text on them in part illegible. Minor criticisms include the significant repetition of text and figures as later papers attempt to produce standalone introductions to the next facet of the work. Editing out of this repetition would have left room for matters such as a discussion of drilling break evaluation, attenuation laws used to analyse earthquake response and details of the sensitivity of the design to the measured parameters. These the reviewer looked for in vain. In spite of the above, the engineering geologists who worked on the project, the authors of the papers and the editors can be very proud of their work and the book does great credit to them and the profession. It is certainly a must for every geotechnical library. I have not seen anything which better shows the value of engineering geology and would consider buying it just for the feelgood factor of a superb job very well done. A. Bowden


Powegranate is known as a king of fruits due to its edible and healthy function.Howerer,its deep process and extendible production has been severely restricted as a result of its special characters.After several trials and experinents,great progress has been obtained in respect of processing technique and preserving quality of pomegranate syrup.A kind of healty pomegranate drink with unique style has been succussfully developed by overoming its original unconverience in terms of eating.


A model is developed that allows simulation of breakthrough adsorption experiments of n-alkanes dissolved in a short chain alkane solvent. The model is used to verify conclusions made in previous experimental work that studied competitive adsorption behavior of paraffinic mixtures in vapor and liquid phase conditions. In these types of breakthrough experiments, a pressure drop in the adsorption column results in a change in aggregation state and density changes inside the column, leading to a change in adsorption behavior. Simulations demonstrate the effect of column temperature, outlet pressure, and pellet size on competitive adsorption behavior, and the importance of the effect of density on adsorption behavior is also demonstrated.


entertainment and vehicle maintenance as well as regulation and infrastructure investment in roads, telematics has the potential to transform driving more than any other innovation for decades. In the already well-established Asian telematics industry, revenue tends to come from extra charges at the time of vehicle-sale, with most subsequent services provided free. The US model has evolved differently, with much of the cost of telematics hardware and software subsidized in the initial vehicle sale price and revenue coming from services used. The decision to invest in telematics is therefore riskier in the US. This article first briefly summarizes the potential of telematics. It then analyzes the investment risks, particularly for automakers. It concludes with recommendations on how the US auto industry can minimize risk and make the most of the opportunities. The auto industry is currently out of favor on Wall Street, largely because of low growth expectations. Globally, automotive unit volumes are likely to grow at 2 2.5% per annum over the next ten years. But this expansion will be largely outside North America. With sales in their home market flat, US auto companies are searching for ways of increasing profits that do not involve selling more vehicles. One seemingly promising avenue is telematics, which could be a $40bn market worldwide by 2010. Some think it could rejuvenate the stagnant US auto industry.


Zhang et al. (Revised version) Otx3, a Novel Member of the Otx Family 2 SUMMARY Transcription factors containing a homeodomain (HD) play an important role in the organogenesis of vertebrates. We have isolated a novel HD transcription factor, Otx3, which is structurally and functionally related to Otx1 and Otx2, transcription factors that are critical in brain morphogenesis. Mouse Otx3 is a protein composed of 376 amino acids. Otx3 mRNA is expressed in mouse embryos from 10.5 days post coitum (dpc) to 13.5 dpc and in adult cerebellum, as assessed by Northern blotting. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of mouse embryos from 9.5 dpc to 11.5 dpc revealed strong expression of Otx3 mRNA in the diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon, and developing eye, indicating an expression pattern largely overlapping but distinct from those of Otx1 and Otx2. In addition, Otx3 is shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to bind to the TAATCC motif, the consensus binding sequence for Otx1, Otx2, and Crx. Transcription reporter assay suggests that Otx3 functions as a transcription repressor by binding to this motif. These results suggest that Otx3 is a novel member of the Otx family and may be involved in the development of the central nervous system (CNS).


We investigate a Bose-Einstein condensate strongly coupled to an optical cavity via a repulsive optical lattice. We detect a stable self-ordered phase in this regime, and show that the atoms order through an antisymmetric coupling to the P band of the lattice, limiting the extent of the phase and changing the geometry of the emergent density modulation. Furthermore, we find a nonequilibrium phase with repeated intense bursts of the intracavity photon number, indicating nontrivial driven-dissipative dynamics.


1. A method of manufacturing a vacuum insulating glazing unit comprising edge seal comprising: inserting a pre-assembled package with the vacuum-insulated glass unit comprising first and second glass substrate placed therebetween sealing material containing glass frit, a device, comprising: a plurality of infrared (IR) heating elements, comprising a lamp arranged to control to generate infrared radiation at a peak wavelength in the near infrared (NIR) and / or boxe tkovolnovom infrared (SWIR) range (s), wherein the plurality of IR heating elements spaced from each other so that the distance from center to center is 2-6 inches, and is located vertically above the top surface and / or under the lower surface of the pre-assembled insulating glass unit with a vacuum insulated in the region of 2-10 inches, heated glass frit sealing material near the periphery of the pre-assembled insulating glass unit with a plurality of IR heating elements to create a seal edge, wherein ve mask voltage applied to the plurality of infrared heating elements is adjustable to change the peak wavelength of the generated plurality of infrared heating elements so as to preferentially perform heating material frit compared with the substrates preassembled package glass vacuum-insulated, and wherein said heating when approximately half of lamps is turned on to heat the seal material, about another half of the lamps is off comprising


The research was conducted to understand the influence of discovery learning models on student cognitive learning outcomes. The development of a learning model is needed to improve the quality of students in school so that it can directly improve the learning outcomes of students, the application of less attractive learning models will make students feel bored and affect the learning outcomes of students be less than optimal. This study uses the Meta-Analysis design, Meta-Analysis in this study to examine the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning learning model on student cognitive learning outcomes. From the results of the analysis of 20 studies, it was found that the effect size obtained was 1.86, so it could be said that learning carried out using the Discovery Learning model affected improving cognitive learning outcomes of elementary school students.


This session was subdivided into four discussion sections, each with the charge of looking into the crystal ball and speculating on the future of clinical microbiology from a number of unique perspectives. Five years or less is not a long period of time for prognostication, but the organizers felt


The aim of the study is to analyze the existing approaches to the classification of the public services system and to develop an approach that would meet modern domestic requirements. The urgency is due to the insufficient level of theoretical organization of the general array of public services, hence the practical need for the effective functioning of all areas of the system. The results of the study reveal the relationship between the lack of a proper approach to the classification of the public service system and the heterogeneity of changes that occur in different areas of this system. The existing approaches to the concept of "classification" are considered and the author's definition is offered, it is established that classification acts as an important tool of the theory of public administration. The level of complexity of the "service" category as an object of scientific research and the "public service" category is outlined. Modern approaches to classifications of public services are given, among which it is necessary to allocate (by subjects of service rendering, subjects of reception, by groups of services, by types of services, etc.), but it is established that existing approaches do not allow to organize the whole array of public services. Therefore, the author's approach that meets the requirements of this study is proposed. The conclusions are to substantiate the impossibility of establishing a modern system of public services without the development of adequate approaches to classification. The study clarifies the concept of classification, reveals that existing approaches to the classification of public services do not allow them to properly systematize and organize, resulting in the proposed author's approach to the classification of public services by area of provision, but deserves special attention to the criterion of delegation possibility of public service.


Among children and adolescents with goitre we observed a group of 32 epileptic patients on long-term therapy with Phenydantoin-Amizepin and Mizodin-Polfa in different combinations. In about 50% of patients total T4 was below the lower limit of normals but the corresponding T3 uptake was normal except 4 values in hypothyroid range. Total T3 was usually in normal range. Only in one case it was clearly elevated. Serum TSH was in 11 patients moderately elevated and in 3 others was very high. After introduction of substitution therapy with low doses of thyreoideum-Polfa/thyroidea sicca/we observed a brisk normalisation of T4,T3 and TSH levels. It is to stress out, that the long term antiepileptic therapy may cause in children and adolescents onset of goitre and subclinical hypothyroidism.


This article is a companion piece to a paper titled "The Long-Term Value of Value Pricing in Metropolitan Areas" by P. DeCorla-Souza, published in this journal (Volume 56, Number 3, Summer 2002). Discussion and delineation of various transportation pricing concepts, including tolls, congestion pricing, value pricing and variable or peak period pricing, are provided. The article is followed with a response from P. DeCorla-Souza on the definition of value pricing.


Along with the development idea of Smarter Earth and Smarter City being more mature,many Chinese cities have proposed the construction of Smarter City,which puts forward new requirement to the development of Surveying and Geoinformation industry.On this background,this paper proposed the establishment of Surveying and Geoinformation Intelligent System,elaborated the basic composition and realization path of building the system,analyzed the main operational action,which would provide useful reference to promote the scientific development of Surveying and Geoinformation industry.


The history of the internationalization of accounting principles suggests that the very nature of deploying global accounting management should be attributed to the establishment of rules and regulations.The international financial reporting standards offer such rules and regulations that are widely accepted and respected worldwide,and thus stand in a leading position through the global accounting management.


ABSTRACTThis analysis of Tchicaya's fourth volume of poetry focusses on the poet's place in the evolution of negritude and in radical criticism of colonial exploitation. The first section of the article is devoted to a brief look at the life and work of Tchicaya through comparisons with his literary contemporaries. The second part presents a detailed analysis of Epitome in terms of both its literary and ideological significance. Tchicaya is seen as having posed the fundamental question regarding the responsibility for and complicity in the crises that have rocked the African continent.


While the previous chapter considered diversity from the perspective of vote correlation, this chapter explores the positive effects of diverse search strategies and dividing epistemic labour. First, we consider searches on 'rugged landscapes' to point out the value of diverse localized search. The second section is premised on the assumption that voter competence declines the more options voters face. We show several strategies to address this. One is to consider fewer options at a time, another to let subgroups propose and the whole group dispose, yet another to let experts reduce the agenda. A different way to respond is to disaggregate the problem along several dimensions and vote on each dimension separately.


The Zhuang is a typical rice planting nationality in China. Rice planting in the Zhuang area is characterized by its strong adaptation to the environment. In different geomorphic regions, the Zhuang people have been fully aware of the profound influence of natural geographical environment, climate and soil on rice planting. In order to adapt their planting to the natural geographical environment and achieve maximum production efficiency, the Zhuang people who live in mountain area always choose to plant Japonica rice which grows for a longer growth period and is cold-resistant and infertility-endurable, while those who live in river valley and hilly area always choose to plant indica rice which grows for a shorter period. In Karst mountain areas suffering from water deficiency and drought, the local Zhuang people usually plant upland rice. However, as the upland rice tastes poor and the relation between people and land is changing from comfortable to tight, the upland rice planting status is falling in Zhuang's planting structure. In addition, the position of the rice used in Zhuang's life also affects the selection and planting of rice varieties.


Abstract The possibility of using ATP content per protoplast as an indicator of freshness was studied in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ). The ATP content per protoplast of spinach was determined and compared during 3 days of storage at 25°C. ATP content increased rapidly at the early stages of storage, reaching a peak level after 24 h. After one day (24 h) of storage, the ATP content decreased with the storage time. Overall, the ATP content changed as a quadratic polynomial function of storage time. This phenomenon, which is likely to be an expression of the loss of protoplast viability, is a useful indicator, allowing the prediction of spinach deterioration during storage. In addition, the correlation between ATP content and Vis/NIR spectra during storage was excellent (R 2 =0.8245 for transmittance at 681 nm, and R 2 =0.9008 for the first derivative of transmittance at 760 nm). These results demonstrate the possibility of evaluating the freshness of spinach through estimation of the ATP content per protoplast with Vis/NIR spectroscopy after approximately 30 hours of the harvested plant storage.


The back propagation artificial neural network was applied to the process of flow injection spectrophotometer date of copper alloy by optimizing the network structure and parameters.The predication accuracy was improved.It achieved the simultaneous determination of Fe(Ⅱ)and Ni (Ⅱ)in copper alloy when they are separated.The Fe(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)appear linear within the individual limits of 0.1~7.5 μg/mL and 0.1~6.00 μg/mL concentration.


The paper shows a method for obtaining one fuzzy rule base from the ensemble of neuro-fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno systems. Ensembles are one of methods for improving classification accuracy. In case of such an ensemble we obtain a set of classifiers with separate rule bases. All these fuzzy rules cannot be treated as one set of rules. The paper proposes a method for normalizing each rule base during learning. Thanks to this, all rule bases have similar overall activation levels and we can treat fuzzy rules coming from different systems as rules from the same (single) system.


As an efficient error resilient tool in H.264, FMO (Flexible Macroblock Ordering) still has 2 disadvantages: (1) unacceptable bitrate overhead, and (2) unsuitable for widely used UEP (unequal error protected) transmission. In this paper, to overcome these 2 disadvantages, a dynamic FMO classification (DFMOC) is proposed. For disadvantage(l), in DFMOC since lots of MBs in the same slice are placed together, thus the bitrate overhead is smaller. For disadvantage^), DFMOC generates 2 slices and each of them takes unequal priority in transmission by the large and small motion area extraction. After employing LDPC coding for UEP transmission strategy, experiment shows DFMOC has a better error robustness while still keeps less bitrate overhead compared with traditional FMO mode: the PSNR has 1 to 2 db outperforming and the bitrate overhead keeps no more than 5% which is about a half of traditional FMO overhead.


Employing tubular coated consumable welding electrodes by modifying the conventional shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a recently developed concept aimed to make the welding process towards more environmentally friendly by eliminating organic cellulose in the flux coating. The modified process named as Plasma Enhanced Shielded Metal Arc Welding (PESMAW) employs controlled orifice gas flow through the tubular electrode which is a key parameter for the process to achieve the objectives of its development. In this study, tubular electrode flow channel model was generated and simulated to investigate the fluid flow characteristic with multiple volume flow rates. Two orifice gases, Argon (Ar) and Carbon dioxide (CO2) were considered for the study and a commercial finite element tool for Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used. The velocity profile at each point on the entire length of the electrode at fully developed region was identified with in the fluid flow stream and the development from Laminar to Turbulent flow was also observed. The standard identification method of theoretically computing the Reynolds number (Re) was adopted and the simulated results were compared with the theoretically calculated results for validation.


................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1: Public Introductions ........................................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 Genesis............................................................................................................................................................... 12 Facebook Creates New Meanings for Words ............................................................................................... 17 Introducing the Quantified Socio-cultural Capital ...................................................................................... 21 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Outline of successive chapters ....................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 2: Networks of Ironic Spectator Activism ........................................................................................ 26 Introduction: What is a Hash-tag and what is Slacktivism? ....................................................................... 26 Fetishization of Distant Suffering: #Kony2012 .......................................................................................... 30 The #IceBucketChallenge .............................................................................................................................. 31 Profile Picture Protest ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Chapter 3: Protest Moves Offline ...................................................................................................................... 48 The Rise of the #(...)MustFall Protests ........................................................................................................ 50 #Shackville ........................................................................................................................................................ 54 #AfrikaansMustFall and Racial Confrontation............................................................................................ 56 #Feesmustfall Reloaded, The Spring of Occupation ................................................................................. 61 Concluding Remarks ........................................................................................................................................ 69 Chapter 4: Ubiquity and the Myth of Free-flowing ('Social') Information ................................................. 7


Effects of hydrophobic surface on skin-friction drag are investigated through direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel flow. Hydrophobic surface is represented by a slip-boundary condition on the surface. When a slip-boundary condition is used in the streamwise direction, the skin-friction drag decreases and turbulence intensities and turbulence structures, near-wall streamwise vortices in particular, are significantly weakened. When a slip-boundary condition is used in the spanwise direction, on the other hand, the drag is increased. It is found that near-wall turbulence structures are modified differently, resulting in drag increase. It is also found that the slip length must be greater than a certain value in order to have a noticeable effect on turbulence. An important implication of the present finding is that drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers is unlikely with hydrophobic surface with its slip length on the order of a submicron scale.


Commenting on a lesson is the basic ability that a teacher should bear.How to comment on a lesson seems an easy problem but it isn't the case in fact.To comment on a lesson in the right way,you must know the three aspects: the content,standard and thought.


Tourist and historian alike confront the otherness of Venice. The one finds there labyrinthine byways and backwaters, fantastic palaces, and gently melancholic air; the other finds a story of refugee fishermen who grew rich in trade from Flanders to China, who boasted lordship of threeeighths of Byzantium and one-fifth of Italy, who lived in freedom for a millennium despite assaults from Lombards, Franks, Greeks, Italians, Turks, French, Germans, and Spaniards, and who enriched the West with a splendid cultural heritage. Venice by its beauty and power demands response, yet, in the magical world of the lagoon, conventional strategies of description no longer hold. For the tourist such otherness is part of the agenda; Venice can be recalled as fine novelty or shabby oddity. To the historian, who ill tolerates disorder and meaninglessness, Venice presents a special problem as crucial yet eccentric. That problem need not be insuperable, since Venice provides its own interpretive keys. Almost since the city's foundation, self-conscious and proud Venetians have elaborated images of the city's distinctive origins, its particular values and special place in history, its novel constitution, and its unique longevity. It is true that the many-layered confection known as the myth of Venice is no single myth but an accumulation of historical explanation and contingent propaganda. The myth is eclectic, drawing on outside sources such as Aristotelian political thought and classical republican theory as well as indigenous traditions. It is not without internal discordances. Still, the prevailing vision of Venice has


This paper critically examines the issues related to the implementation and functioning of community managed rural drinking water schemes in Kavre and Baglung Districts of Nepal. The results are based on studies of drinking water projects of non-government organisation (NGO), international non-government organisation (/NGO) and government organisation (GO) implemented in Nepal during 1986 to 1997. The data used in the study were based on review of reports and field survey in the year 2000. The discussions focused more on assessing t/ie water quality and effectiveness of Water User Committees (WUC) of 179 Drinking Water Supply ( DWS) schemes. The awareness of existing inequalities and their social and economic consequences have intensified in the project interventions for improving the general welfare of rural population, as well as for a more efficient use of drinking water. This paper concludes that awareness of safe drinking water and preparing communities before planning and construction of water systems is a prerequisite for the long-term effectiveness and sustainapility of drinking water systems. The management of the user group committee is like wise crucial in DWS project.


For the last 18 years, our group has been developing a variety of near-field-to-far-field transformations (NFFFTs) for predicting the far-field (FF) RCS of targets from monostatic near-field (NF) measurements. The most practical and mature of these is based on the reflectivity approximation, commonly used in ISAR imaging to model the target scattering. This image-based NFFFT is also the most computationally efficient because - despite its theoretical underpinnings - it does not explicitly require image formation as part of its implementation. This paper presents a formulation and implementation of the image-based NFFFT that is applicable to two-dimensional (2D) spherical and one-dimensional (1D) circular near-field measurement geometries, along with numerical and experimental examples of its performance. We show that the algorithm's far-field RCS pattern-prediction performance is quite good for a variety of frequencies, near-field measurement distances, and target geometries. In addition, we show that the predicted RCS statistics remain quite accurate under conditions where the predicted far-field patterns have significantly degraded due to multiple interactions and other effect.


The Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom postulates integer values for the quantum number, but integers arise automatically in the Schrodinger theory. I use (but do not derive) explicit expressions for the individual parts of the orbitals to show how the usual freshman rules for the n,l,m quantum numbers of the hydrogen atom orbitals follow easily from the mathematics and need not be postulated.


In the present dissertation, Survey was undertaken to evaluate the present status of warehouses and warehousing system in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. The survey consisted of the overall 10 warehouses in Allahabad. Their storage capacities, facilities being provided were evaluated. The study further revealed that the capacity of warehouses is sufficient to satisfy the demand of population. But the lack of modern facilities for enhancing the quality and quantity of food grains was observed. The storage capacity of warehouses in Allahabad is 240919MTs while the wastage was 23312MTs (11.80%). Most of the warehouses needs to adopt and implement the modern facilities and techniques for the modernization of warehousing system. Proper precautionary measures, along with the beneficial policy were further suggested in the studies. The hygienic and cleanliness improvement was a major part of the suggestions in later part. It was also noted that the warehouses owned by FCI are superior to that of non FCI warehouses. So, it can be calculated that there is need of hour to adopt modern techniques of warehousing system in Allahabad and India also for the betterment of further warehouses.


The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the spectral dependence of the reflection coefficient of solid solutions Bi 2Te 3-Sb 2Te 3, containing 0, 10, 25, 40, 50, 60, 65, 70, 80, 90, 99.5 and 100 mol. % Sb 2Te 3 solid solution. The measurements were taken in polarized and non-polarized long wavelength infrared radiation in the range of 80 to 300 K. The study of the spectral dependence of the reflection coefficient at different orientations of the electric field vector of electromagnetic radiation indicates the possible effect of additional groups of charge carriers in the valence band. This conclusion is confirmed by the temperature measurements of plasma reflection. The study of the patterns of the plasma frequency with temperature makes it possible to study the redistribution of the charge carriers between the extremes of no equivalent of the valence band.


The reaction of [VCl3(MeCN)3] with SiMe3I in acetonitrile under reflux yielded a vanadium(II) cation [V(MeCN)6]2+ with a counter ion I42–. The latter is not symmetrical, though linear, and the reasons are discussed. The new compound diiodotetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)vanadium(II) is shown to be a versatile precursor for vanadium diiodides, such as [VI2(Et2PCH2CH2PEt2)2], the structure of which has also been determined.


Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative chronic pathology, characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), which leads to an irreversible vision field loss. The increased intraocular pressure (IOP) constitutes its main risk factor. Nowadays, the main treatments for glaucoma are focused on decreasing IOP; nevertheless, the progression of the disease continues, despite IOP control. This fact shows the existence of other factors that could contribute to the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The early diagnostics, the use of neuroprotective therapies, and knowledge of the pathological processes are the major challenges associated with the management of this disease. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed to be responsible for RGC death, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation (Casson et al., 2012).


A dual feed switched-beam patch antenna is proposed and analyzed. A square patch of one wavelength in dielectric substrate is designed to accommodate TM020 and TM200 mode distributions. Using this concept, dielectric constant between 2.32 to 10.2 can be utilized to obtain bidirectional patterns without minor lobes. The feed position must be appropriately designed to provide good matching and isolation between the feeds. For instance, the substrate of epsivr = 4.4 is fed at 0.114lambda0 offset from the center of the antenna. This antenna is suitable for using as elements of a phased array of switched- beam elements.


"Everything you can imagine," Picasso once said, "is real." Fueled by the desire to push the envelope of innovation, the inventors in our latest ed


The aim this research is examining the management of "certified teacher" performance in planning, implementing, and evaluating the learning process of physical education at a primary school in Makassar. The data were collected from the headmaster, the certified physical education teachers, their colleagues, students, and other documents. The data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation. Results revealed that the lesson plan of physical education teachers had been conducted well showed by the arrangement of learning package, formulation of learning adjective, formulation of subject materials, determining learning method, determining media/teaching aids, formulation of assessment and time allocation. The implementation of physical education lesson had not been maximized yet indicated by the way to start the lesson that the teacher did not do apperception well. For example, stimulated learners to recall previous material and did not explain the purpose of learning as well as did not summarize the lesson at the end of the lesson, and also did not provide any feedback. Learning evaluation had not maximized yet because the teachers did not make and follow-up the


For the existing problems of losing image details in the process of traditional image enhancement algorithms,a new method on the basis of homomorphic filtering combined with the frequency division and singular value decomposition to enhance the infrared image is used in this paper. Based on the homomorphic filter,with a high-pass filter in the frequency domain is divided into high frequency and low frequency,respectively to deal with high frequency and low frequency,through linear increase in high frequency,low frequency through the singular value decomposition,and then add noise processing,change its singular value,get new singular value matrix,and finally to gray-scale adjustment combined with low-frequency and high-frequency processing red images together to get the last of the enhanced images. Through the simulation and compared with the traditional image enhancement,this method in both peak signal-to-noise ratio and the mean square value are improved.


The paper studies the fundamental dilemmas of knowledge-sharing network, the evolution of network and the risks of the strong tie network.


Gas6 has been shown to interact with Axl in endothelial cells and to induce several signaling pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation. However, the interaction of Gas6/Axl with lipid raft/caveolin‐1 in endothelial cells and its role in thrombosis are unknown.


Superdeep wells in the former GDR have been drilled to ascertain the regional geological setting and therefore served special geological purposes. This resulted in particular features, which have to be taken into account in the technical and technological preparation, as well as in the evaluation of these boreholes


Purpose This paper discusses and empirically analysed the role of VAT on the Economic Growth of Bangladesh. Methodology The Ordinary Least Square regression techniques are applied to estimate three models using annual quantitative time series secondary data, both descriptive and inferential statistics used to analyse it. Findings The results of the models revealed a significant positive impact of VAT on economic growth as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) in Bangladesh. There is a perfect positive relationship between VAT and total tax revenue (TTR), and VAT and total revenue (TR) during the study period. The study also reveals that VAT boosts the general economic growth of Bangladesh compared to sales tax. Research Limitations The study mainly based on secondary sources of data, no opinion was taken from the concerned authorities regarding the contribution of VAT on economic growth. Research Implications It expected that the study would add value to the existing stock of knowledge in the tax literature, especially in VAT. The policymakers may get the message to take suitable policy measures to boost tax revenue vis-à-vis economic growth. Originality/value The study is one of the initial studies examined the role of VAT on the economic growth of Bangladesh as well as showed the comparative scenario of the contribution of sales tax and VAT on economic growth, considered as an evolving economy.


Since isolates of Hymenolepis nana infecting humans and rodents are morphologically indistinguishable, the only way they can be reliably identified is by comparing the parasite in each host using molecular tools. In the current study, isolates of H. nana from rodent and human hosts from a broad geographical range were sequenced at the ribosomal first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (C01) gene and the nuclear paramyosin gene loci.Nucleotide sequence data published here have been submitted to GenBank™ and are available under accession numbers AF461124 and AF461125 (18S–28S); AY121842 and AY121843 (cytochrome c oxidase 1); AY1844 and AY121845 (paramyosin). Twenty-three isolates of H. nana were sequenced at the ITS1 locus and this confirmed the existence of spacers which, although similar in length (approximately 646 bp), differed in their primary sequences which led to the separation of the isolates into 2 clusters when analysed phylogenetically. This sequence variation was not, however, related to the host of origin of the isolate, thus was not a marker of genetic distinction between H. nana from rodents and humans. Sequencing of a 444 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (C01) in 9 isolates of H. nana from rodents and 6 from humans identified a phylogenetically supported genetic divergence of approximately 5% between some mouse and human isolates. This suggests that H. nana is a species complex, or 'cryptic' species (=morphologically identical yet genetically distinct). A small segment of the nuclear gene, paramyosin, (625 bp or 840 bp) was sequenced in 4 mouse and 3 human isolates of H. nana. However, this gene did not provide the level of heterogeneity required to distinguish between isolates from rodent and human hosts. From the results obtained from faster evolving genes, and the epidemiological evidence, we believe that the life-cycle of H. nana that exists in the north-west of Western Australia is likely to involve mainly 'human to human' transmission.


Boiling water reactor severe accident sequence studies are being carried out using Browns Ferry Unit 1 as the model plant. Four accident studies were completed, resulting in recommendations for improvements in system design, emergency procedures, and operator training. Computer code improvements were an important by-product.


Internet topology changes due to events such as router or link goes up and down. Topology changes trigger routing protocol to undergo convergence process which eventually prepares new shortest routes needed for packet delivery. Real-time applications (e.g. VoIP) are increasingly being deployed in internet nowadays and require the routing protocols to have quick convergence times in the range of milliseconds. To speed-up its convergence time and better serve real-time applications, a new routing table calculation scheduling schemes for Interior Gateway Routing Protocol called Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is proposed in this research. The proposed scheme optimizes the scheduling of OSPF routing table calculations using Artificial Neural Network technique called Generalized Regression Neural Network. The scheme determines the suitable hold time based on three parameters: LSA-inter arrival time, the number of important control message in queue, and the computing utilization of the routers. The GRNN scheme is tested using Scalable Simulation Framework (SSFNet version 2.0) network simulator. Two kind of network topology with several link down scenarios used to test GRNN scheme and existing scheme (fixed hold time scheme). Results shows that GRNN provide faster convergence time compared to the existing scheme.


In 1486 the Padua Cathedral canons requested permission to build a new apsidal choir in "the way and structure of the church of St. Peter in Rome." The canons were evidently referring to the unfinished Vatican tribuna: a deep vaulted apse at the west end of St. Peter's. Newly published documents reveal that both Nicholas V and Paul II spent large sums on its construction. The Paduan case shows that the Vatican tribuna was influential in terms of architectural type and function. Although the physical extent of the fifteenth-century work is hard to determine, Bramante's continuation of the extension in the sixteenth century shows it was considered substantial enough not to abandon completely. In Nicholas V's Tribuna for Old St. Peter's in Rome as a Model for the New Apsidal Choir at Padua Cathedral, Joanne Allen suggests that the St. Peter's project could represent an important episode in the development of extended high altar chapels and retrochoirs, a phenomenon that gained momentum in the decades after work began on the Vatican tribuna.