IMMANUEL KANT GRADUATED IN 1755 from the University of Konigsberg on the basis of the dissertation On Fire (dissertatio pro gradu) and with the essay A New Exposition of the First Principles of Metaphysics (dissertatio pro receptione) written specifically for the occasion; he took up a position as lecturer in the same year. In 1756 he wrote a third Latin essay, the Physical Monadology (dissertatio pro loco), and applied for a professorship at the Albertina in Konigsberg. The application was unsuccessful and, more significantly, the work failed to attract the attention Kant had hoped. (1) He had to wait until 1770--some fourteen years later--for an appointment as full professor in Konigsberg, and it was not until the publication of the Critique of Pure Reason in 1781 that he finally established his reputation as a philosopher. (2) Despite its poor reception at the time of publication, however, the Physical Monadology remains an important work for a full understanding of Kant's philosophy of nature. Although his earlier works on natural philosophy--his first book, Thoughts on the True Estimation of the Living Forces (1746), and his General History and Theory of the Heavens (1755)--both contain reflections on motion, force, and matter, it was only in the Physical Monadology that Kant developed an original theory of matter. In this later work, Kant aims to show that only a metaphysical, or nonmathematical and nonexperimental, theory of matter can effectively restrain pure speculation in the philosophy of nature and thus provide a foundation for the development of a mathematical and experimental physics. Physics alone, Kant argues, is unable to ground its own principles and, in particular, cannot provide criteria for deciding between contradictory theorems generated by geometry and metaphysics: finite versus infinite divisibility of space, for example, the necessity of an empty space for free motion, or the universal gravitation exerted by the internal force of bodies even in rest and at a distance. (3) The solution to such problems, Kant suggests, can come only when natural science is supplemented by an a priori metaphysics of nature. As he says, "Metaphysics, therefore, which many say may be properly absent from physics, is, in fact, its only support; it alone provides illumination." (4) With claims of this sort, Kant effectively outlined a research program that was to occupy him for some thirty years of his life, culminating in his main work on natural philosophy, the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science; and he remained interested in the issues beyond that work until his death in 1804. In this mature philosophy, Kant argues that although they are means by which laws of nature are discovered, mathematics and experience by themselves form an inadequate basis for exploring the grounds of such laws themselves. Natural science, that is, has to be extended beyond the limits prescribed by Newton. Indeed, Newton explicitly denied that such an extension was possible: But hitherto I have not been able to discover the cause of those properties of gravity from phenomena, and I frame no hypotheses; for whatever is not deduced from the phenomena is to be called an hypothesis; and hypotheses, whether metaphysical or physical, whether of occult qualities or mechanical, have no place in experimental philosophy. In this philosophy particular propositions are inferred from the phenomena, and afterwards rendered general by induction. Thus it was that the impenetrability, the mobility, and the impulsive force of bodies, and the laws of motion and of gravitation, were discovered. And to us it is enough that gravity does really exist, and act according to the laws which we have explained, and abundantly serves to account for all the motions of the celestial bodies, and of our sea. (5) Against this view, Kant claims that physics actually stands in need of metaphysical principles and that he himself is in a position to provide them. …


Pseudepigraphical literary production in Arabic played a major role in the transmission of biblical material, and it formed the scriptural knowledge of the Arab speaking Christian communities long before the Bible was fully translated into Arabic. This chapter discusses one of the earliest and most monumental pseudepigraphical works in Arabic, known as the Apocalypse of Peter. This was perhaps the first pseudepigraphon to be written-at least in part-originally in Arabic. The chapter focuses on the text, as edited and translated by Alfonse Mingana in 1931, which is based on a Karshuni manuscript from his own manuscript collection. It deals the biblical creation and paradise story in the Apocalypse of Peter. The chapter also argues that the presentation and analysis of the opening chapters of the biblical canon reflect the new historical situation for the Christians in the Islamic lands.Keywords: Apocalypse of Peter; Bible; Christian communities; Islamic rule; Pseudepigraphical literary


Assessment of metabolic function of the brain facilitates identification of infants at risk for irreversible CNS damage. Because the brain utilizes 70.80% of the circulating glucose in the neonate, decreases in glucose utilization rates would likely indicate neurological damage. Because glucose utilization = glucose production at steady state, we performed 84 GPR studies in 59 neonates by iv infusion of [6,6-2H2] glucose tracer over four hours during their critical care course, and correlated the results with outcome of the infants at 1-3 years. Selection criteria was admission to neonatal intensive care unit and parental consent. Outcome results were based on auditory, visual, neurological examination, and the Bayley MDI and PDI. Infants who died in intensive care were classified as "death with" or "death without" neurological damage. A GPR was considered"low" if it was less than 60% of the expected value of glucose flux based on 6 mg/kg, and "normal" if greater than 80%. Mean gestational age of the infants was 30.5 ± 0.5 (r 25- 40) weeks, and mean birthweight was 1.413 ± 91 (r 0.7-3.55) kg. Infants were studied at a mean age of 16.8 ± 1.9 days. Follow-up evaluations were at 4 month intervals after discharge.


A low-profile antenna on HIS/AMC/EBG surface was developed for UHF applications. The surface is inkjet-printed on paper which produces a low-cost, light-weight, and environment-friendly solution. More compact unit cells (and thus smaller overall size) and/or wider antenna bandwidth can be realized using alternative unit cells/antenna configurations as discussed in [5–6].


Single crystal thin films of 10% yttrium doped barium zirconate (BZY10) have been prepared using chemical solution deposition on magnesium oxide substrates and annealed at 800 or 1000 degrees C. A focused ion beam lift out technique was used to prepare thin (< 100 nm) specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. A variety of TEM based techniques were used for characterization, including high resolution imaging, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and energy filtered TEM. High resolution TEM imaging indicated a high quality single crystal film with an epitaxial cube on cube type interface between BZY10 and MgO. For the sample annealed 1000 degrees C, annular dark field imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode showed a layered pattern of lower intensity in the single crystal film. Energy filtered TEM thickness map together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate the pattern consists of partially repeating voids.


Narula, Pramod, Jing Xu, Jeffrey A. Kazzaz, Carolyn G. Robbins, Jonathan M. Davis, and Stuart Horowitz. Synergistic cytotoxicity from nitric oxide and hyperoxia in cultured lung cells. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 18): L411–L416, 1998.—Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) is being tested clinically for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children. In most cases, these patients receive simultaneous oxygen (O2) therapy. However, little is known about the combined toxicity of NO1hyperoxia. To test this potential toxicity, human alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) and human lung microvascular endothelial lung cells were cultured in room air (control), hyperoxia (95% O2), NO (derived from chemical donors), or combined hyperoxia1 NO. Control cells grew normally over a 6-day study period. In contrast, cell death from hyperoxia was evident after 4–5 days, whereas cells neither died nor divided in NO alone. However, cells exposed to both NO and hyperoxia began to die on day 2 and died rapidly thereafter. This cytotoxic effect was clearly synergistic, and cell death did not occur via apoptosis. As an indicator of peroxynitrite formation, nitrotyrosinecontaining proteins were assayed using anti-nitrotyrosine antibodies. Two protein bands, at molecular masses of 25 and 35 kDa, were found to be increased in A549 cells exposed to NO or NO1hyperoxia. These results indicate that combined NO1hyperoxia has a synergistic cytotoxic effect on alveolar epithelial and lung vascular endothelial cells in culture.


OBJECTIVES
Pubovaginal sling has been the treatment of choice for female SUI over the last two years. Those made with autologous materials have demonstrated a lower rate of complications. We present our experience using autologous fascia lata.

METHODS
Between May 2005 and July 2006 we performed 10 procedures through a suprapubic approach. In eight cases they were ascended to the retropubic space using needles, and in 2 cases we employed the vaginal tunneler (Tyco). In the 8 initial cases both sling branches were anchored to the Cooper's ligament. In the remainder two cases they were anchored to the fascia of the obliquus externus muscle.

RESULTS
Mean age was 57.7 years; mean follow-up time was 14.8 months (6-20). In 6 cases cystocele was simultaneously corrected. Hospital stay was 72 hours. In two cases, section of the autologous sling was required due to excessive correction. Four patients keep using pads; nevertheless, all 10 patients refer no SUI. Post-operative urine culture was positive in four patients, with negative controls. One case presented vaginal candidiasis.

CONCLUSIONS
Autologous fascia lata pubovaginal sling is an effective low cost treatment, with a low complication rate.


Selenides of the type R1Se–EMe3 (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) react with xenon difluoride by cleavage of the Se–E bond to yield the R1Se–F intermediate and the fluorides Me3E–F, whereas the Se–C bond in PhSe–tBu (E = C) is stable against XeF2. The presence of R1Se–F intermediates is confirmed by addition to acetylenes (4-octyne, 3-hexyne). Thus, the fluoroselenenylation of acetylenes gives fluoro(organylseleno)olefins in preparative yields. In the cases of E = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, aryl and n-alkyl groups are suitable as the substituent R1. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of (E)-3-(p-carboxyphenylseleno)-4-fluorohex-3-ene – the first example of an uncharged fluoroselenoolefin synthesized from p-EtO2C–C6H4–Se–SnMe3, XeF2, and 3-hexyne followed by an ester hydrolysis – shows that the addition of the selenenylfluoride intermediate to the acetylene proceeds via a trans-addition, as is known for the R2Se2–XeF2 reagents.


10. John Locke, An Essay Conarning Human Understanding, defined the two mainsprings of cognitive activity as "sensation" and "reflection," which combine and abstract the contents of the mind to produce its "compositions," or ordered assemblages of knowledge. "Reflection" is the "fountain, from which experience furnisheth the Understanding with Ideas, [which] is the Perception of the Operations of our Minds within us"; Locke, Essay, II, I, sec. 4; and Abbe de Condillac, The Logic, I, ii, both quoted in Robert Norton, Hmln's Aesthetic.s and the European EnlighUnmmt (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1991),25.


The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina maxima treated with ultrasonication and water extraction process. S. maxima extracted via ultrasonication showed low cytotoxicity (16.90%) in a normal human cell line, CCD-986sk. Especially, S. maxima ultrasonication extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activities (46.82%) compared to water extract (31.30%) at 100℃. In addition, ultrasonication extract showed a high amount of flavonoids (21.60 ㎎/g) and total phenols (8.36 ㎍/mL). Nitric oxide production by 1.0 ㎎/mL of S. maxima ultrasonication extract strongly inhibited (1.3770 ㎛ 1.0 ㎎/mL of S. maxima ultrasonication extract, which shows strong antioxidant activities. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the ultrasonication process increase anti-inflammatory activity of S. maxima extract.


(57) Abstract: To detect the element in the sample, a first image intensity I To determine the background, the comparative sample which does not include this element, the intensity of an energy loss in intensity I From the value of this like, it calculates the approximation function I As a result, by using the approximate function for each point of the first image with intensity I


Abstract This paper is divided into two parts: in the first a short overview of the current state of research on social behaviour of gifted preschool children is given; the second reports a small experimental observation study on social/cooperative play behaviour of gifted preschool children as compared with a normal kindergarten group. The study was conducted within the broad framework of a two year model project with a group of gifted children aged 3 to 6. Most striking in the results is the high absolute and relative amount of positive verbal interaction in the project group.


The Theme: The Esoteric Passion for Place. Part I: The Esoteric Passion for Place: Caverns, Wilderness, Mysteries, No-Place. The Representation of Limbo in Medieval Drama J.S. Smith. Robert Frost's 'Design' as Deconstruction of Ralph Waldo Emerson's 'The Rhodora' B. Ross. The Idea of the Wilderness in the English Renaissance D.E. Litt. In Caverns and Caves with Saul Bellow and Walker Percy B. Prochaska. Australia and the 'Mysterious Orient' in C.J. Koch's The Year of Living Dangerously M. Haltof. Part II: Place of the Sublime and of the Sacred. Racine's Berenice: Profane and Sacred Spaces and Places M. Kronegger. The Place of the Sublime E.S. Casey. Proust's Sacred Grove: A Study in Spatial Poetics B.S. Watson. Part III: Vital Roots, Identity, Home, Patria. Home: A Phenomenological Approach M. Kule. 'When I Came Home - I Did Not Come Home'. The Antinomies of the Experience of German and Austrian Exiles 1993-1945 and Beyond C. Eykman. Philippe de Mezieres' Sense of Patria J.B. Williamson. The Poetics of Place L. Kimmel. Part IV: Idea and the Architecture of the Poetic Space. The Architecture of Postmodern Ontology: Heidegger and Beckett H.H. Rudnick. Ayi Kwei Armah's Two Thousand Seasons: From Idea to Idealism R. Gray. Evidence in the Mental Space M. Stafecka. Part V: Place in Creative Transformation. The Secret Place of Literary Creaivity in John Fowles' Daniel Martin: A Phenomenological Perspective R.J. Wilson. Visva-Bharati Santiniketan: Outcome and Outgrowth of Tagore's Creative Passion S. Ray. Asolo, theCreative Work of Memory R.L. Brooks. Part VI: The Inward Landscapes. Journey through Anxiety: The Landscape Poetry of Hsieh Ling-yun L. Sundararajan. The Place of Doubt in Kierkegaard J. Izzi. Pale Maids and Bachelor's Buttons: 'Inverted Similitude' in Melville's 'Tartarus' S. Abdoo.


Chitinase can degrade chitin.Chitin and its degradation products could be used for insect resisting,chemical industry,medicine,food producing and other fields.A large number of chitinases have been isolated from microorganisms,and the genes of chitinases were cloned for further study.This paper mainly reviewed the classification and distribution of chitinase producing microorganisms,the nature,structure,gene regulation and application of microbial chitinases.


PURPOSE: To provide the natural flavor material useful as a flavor improving agent in tobacco smoking products by heating tobacco at a high temp. in an inert atmosphere and classifying and capturing expelled volatile materials. CONSTITUTION: The tobacco is heated at least at 200°C in the inert atmosphere, by which the volatile materials are expelled from the tobacco. The expelled volatile materials are classified by heating the tobacco and the classified volatile materials are at least partly captured as the flavor material, by which the desired material is obtd. The tobacco is heated at 225 to 450°C under the pressure higher or lower than the atm. pressure and further an inert sweep gas is preferably used. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Portimine (1) is a novel polycyclic marine toxin, containing spiroimine and bridged-spiroketal functionality, isolated from the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum collected off the coast of Northland, New Zealand. Whilst the spiroimine motif is commonly observed in a number of algae-derived toxins the [4.5]-spiroimine ring system is unique to portimine, thus representing an intriguing synthetic challenge. Portimine is a potent inducer of apoptosis and confers high toxicity against leukaemia cells in vitro (P388 cells, EC50 = 2.7 nM).


World over, the cost of PV equipment continues to decrease. Coupled with their quick time to install and the advancement of renewables in the face of climate change; they are fast becoming an appealing solution for remote communities that still have no access to national grids. In this paper, we study management of the state of charge (SOC) of batteries in an off-grid situation where multiple prosumer installations in different areas are interconnected to a shared distribution line. Each distinct installation consists of Photovoltaic power generation (PV), Storage batteries (BT), converters, their connection line DC power bus, and AC loads connected via an inverter, all modeled MATLAB / Simulink Simscape Power Systems. We develop a tool for improving BT utilization, monitoring, and managing energy consumption while maintaining the voltage at acceptable levels. Considering Uganda as an example, our research suggests a solution for electrifying remote communities by installing shared solar and storage units.


ional economy. In order to make this policy accurately it is necessary to study macro-economic policy quantitatively. In this paper, we build up two model systems. One is the control and optimization model of price-tax -financial system reform, other is the simulation and optimization model of monetary system. The control and optimization model of price-tax-financial system reform is designed to appraise and optimize the policies in price, tax, profit, financial syThe basic relation of price Pt ,tax it profit ct wage


At the beginning of 1908, Paul Pelliot arrived in Dunhuang, where he examined tens of thousands of manuscripts which had been discovered shortly before in a cave sealed nine centuries earlier. These manuscripts would totally transform our knowledge of medieval China and provide entirely new data regarding interaction between India, Central Asia and China. Despite some controversy, these documents, which were brought to Paris, turned out to be so important that they granted him immediate renown and propelled him to the highest of academic ranks. However, his scholarly curiosity, vast knowledge, and pertinent judgment, along with his extraordinary capacity for work, made him a legend. Open to Tibetan, Turkish, Mongolian and Iranian studies, and also to Vietnamese and Cambodian studies, in his earliest works, Pelliot addressed every area of Sinology, from history to religion, from philology to art. He cultivated close contact with his colleagues around the world and was certainly the fi rst Western sinologist to be treated as an equal by the best Chinese scholars. Throughout his career, …


The effect of water concentration on the foaming tendency of lubricating oil containing the detergent additives Ca-phenate and amide was investigated from a surface chemical standpoint. Foam volume, dynamic surface tension and surface viscosity were measured at various water concentrations. It was proved that the increase of surface viscosity with water content was the main factor affecting foaming in the case of Ca-phenate but, in contrast, the Marangoni effect played an essential role in the case of amide.


Handwritten Chinese character recognition has been applied to a number of applications. In the paper, a handwritten Chinese character recognition algorithm based on QPSO-BP was proposed. In order to avoid the premature convergence and achieve higher precision, the proposed algorithm used QPSO algorithm to optimize BP neural network. In the experimentation, the texture features, morphology features and image matrix features were extracted as the features, then the handwritten Chinese characters were classified by the QPSO-BP. The experimental results show that the QPSO-BP algorithm has higher convergence speed. The proposed algorithm is effective method of handwritten Chinese character recognition.


The Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) speech holds the promise for rising avenue protection and decreasing street accidents with the help of sanctioning dependable and low latency decisions for four wheelers notably Cars. Most of the motors area unit incorporated with the serious duty technology that positive factors excessive speeds, V2X speech turns into obligatory to create sure security. The inter- automobile contact involves passing of records from Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and the other way around. during this paper, a aware effort has been placed on each V2I 2 and V2V speech during a multi-lane superhighway state of affairs, within which insurance set up is volumed through approach of the future Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) road issue unit (RSU) 2 community. A mechanism to dump motors with low Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise quantitative relation (SINR) is projected and such cars are going to be served with the helpful resource of different motors that have bigger link to the RSU. moreover, we have a tendency to inspect the reforms within the potentialities of achieving purpose outturn and therefore the performance is classified through Brobdingnagian system-degree simulations. Results exhibit that the projected answer offloads calibre V2I hyperlinks to stronger V2V links, and during a similar approach can improve successful transmission likelihood


The aim of this study was to evaluate cinnamon's powder in terms of chemical composition and its content of dietary fiber, mineral, bioactive components, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. Cinnamon has been used in different percentages to prepare bakery products such as bread, cake and biscuits, and find out its effect on microbial growth in products during the different storage period on the room temperature and rated it as a preservative.


The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a complex multi-step four-electron process showing sluggish kinetics. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) were reported as promising catalysts for the OER, but their low electrical conductivity restricts their widespread applications. To overcome this problem, a composite material containing Mn-Co LDH ultrathin nanosheet and highly conductive graphene was synthesized for the first time. Benefited from the high electrocatalytic activity and the superior charge transfer ability induced by these components, the new material shows superior OER activity. Used as the OER catalyst, a high current density of 461 mA cm−2 at 2.0 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) was measured besides shows a low overpotential of 0.33 V at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the new composite also shows a superior bifunctional water splitting performance as catalyst for the OER and HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) catalysts. Our results indicate that the presented material is a promising candidate for water splitting which is cheap and efficient.


In order to take charge of discourses about the future, this article argues for the construction of robust, coherent visions that can be used both to communicate and impose our view upon others and to provide those with whom we are working with a clear basis from which to develop local strategy that remains consistent with our broader aims. To achieve this, an integrative approach to interaction analysis within a wider scenarioinformed strategic development context is proposed. The method is to use scenarios created though a conventional scenario development process to develop robust strategies for key stakeholders in a situation. These strategies are then allowed to interact, either through a role-play enactment or through co-operation/confrontation analysis. Stakeholders' management of the dilemmas posed for them by the interaction amend their original strategies and these revised strategies are then refined through further cycles. The approach suggested here represents a first stage of development; it is concluded that later work should link the approach more firmly into network centered thinking. 2 The International C2 Journal | Vol 5, No 1


The research aim to find out the in-depth knowledge among the muslim students of Kolej Komuniti Bukit Beruang, Melaka on the topic of performing the sholah. This researcher has used questionaire as main research instrument. One set of the questionaire contains 20 items distributed to the respondents. Data gained from the respondents was analyzed using the Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) version 2.00 for further statistical analysis. This research focus on three aspects that divided mainly into; the general understanding of performing the sholah by the students, two, the respondents perception on order by Allah to perform the sholah and third, the retribution for those who did not perform the sholah. 75 muslim respondents were selected that consist of final year students of the college. They were randomly selected by the researcher from five different programmes offered i.e: Certificate in Electrical, Certificate in Light Vechicle Services, Certificate in Cullinary, Hotel Managment and Operation and Certificate in Fashion. The analysis showed the general understanding and conception of performing the sholah among respondents is high. Respondents also showed high understanding and knowledge to two other research parameters that punishment to those who did not perform the sholah and congregation in sholah. As conclusion, this researcher hopes that the lecturers will continue playing the role and commitment in ensuring, motivitating and by guiding students to uphold the duty as a muslim programmes that focus on Islamic teaching and responsibility such as seminars, conferences etc will ensure maximum comprehension and execution of the sholah in their daily lives.


Amyloid‐β Amyloid‐β (Aβ) is a neuropeptide whose aggregation leads to dementia. In article number 2301423, Daniel E. Otzen, Thomas Paul Davis, Ibrahim Javed, and co‐workers have discovered an anti‐biofilm role of Aβ where Aβ monomers target and destroy the microbial biofilms. This indicates a physiological role of Aβ as brain's defence system against local and distal microbial infections.


The ocean is undergoing deoxygenation and the spread of hypoxic areas. Ocean deoxygenation and standing levels of hypoxia are shrinking fundamental niches, particularly in coastal areas, yet documented repercussions on species development and behavior are limited. Here, we tackled the impacts of deoxygenation (7 mg O2 L-1), mild hypoxia (nocturnal 5 mg O2 L-1), and severe hypoxia (2 mg O2 L-1) on cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) development (hatching success, development time, mantle length) and behavior, i.e., ability to learn (associative-and socially), to camouflage, and to explore its surroundings spatially. We found that hypoxia yielded lower survival rates, smaller body sizes and inhibited predatory (increased latency to attack the prey) and anti-predator (camouflage) behaviors. Acute and chronic exposure to low oxygen produced similar effects on cognition (inability to socially learn, increased open-field activity levels, no changes in thigmotaxis). It is thus expected that, although cuttlefish can withstand oxygen limitation to a certain degree, expanding hypoxic zones will diminish current habitat suitability.


Beta Regio is an area of rifting and volcanism on Venus, constituting a topographic rise. A shield volcano, Theia Mons, lies near the center of the region and is surrounded by several radially oriented rifts. We use Magellan altimetry, gravity, and synthetic aperture radar data of the area to constrain some subsurface parameters. First, we derive hoop strain. Using altimetry data and a fault dip angle derived from the split crater Somerville, we determine the extension in the rifts surrounding Beta Regio. We then derive the hoop strain accommodated by the rifts from the extension in these rifts. Except near Theia Mons, the hoop strain follows the shape expected from a mantle upwelling. The difference near the volcano, we believe, is due to volcanic infilling. We then model three observable quantities, the newly derived strain along with gravity and uplift, using two separate modeling techniques, one for the strain and uplift and another for the gravity. The model results show that the data are consistent with the view that a relatively low density contrast region now exists below Beta and has caused the uplift and rifting in the region.


Philosophers have been talking of ethics for some 2500 years since the time of Socrates and Plato but business ethics or corporate ethics basically started drawing world-wide attention since the 60s with social responsibility movement. Business ethics seeks to apply moral standards in business decisions and transactions. In addition to prescribing a set of principles in behavioral code, ethics may also outline duty and obligation1. Ethics in business emerged with growing complexity and dynamism of commerce when business organizations felt the need for proper guidance so as to ensure that their dealings supported the common good and did not harm others.


It is well known that regular physical exercise reduces mortality by minimizing the risk of cardio-vascular disorders, diabetes and cancer. Paradoxically, physical exercise represents a veritable source of free radicals, as a result of the intensification of metabolic processes and oxygen consumption. The free oxygen radicals are chemical species of high complexity which contain one or more add electrons. These free radicals are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defense system consisting of enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and numerous nonenzymatic antioxidants, including reduced glutathione (GSH). The enzymatic activity was determined from rat liver and kidney after one session of intense acute physical training (swimming for 60 minutes). The results obtained show that the oxidative stress enzymes are activated at liver and kidney level as an answer of increased concentration of free oxygen radicals generated by physical training. Physical training represents an important source of free oxygen radicals for the tissues involved directly in the physical effort and also for other tissues which are not thus involved.


Mass spectrometry is a go-to method for determining which molecules are in a sample. If security officers are faced with an unknown, possibly dangerous, substance, they don't want to waste time sending samples to a lab and waiting for mass spec results, however. They'd rather be able to take a portable mass spec into the field to get answers quickly. Efforts to miniaturize mass spectrometers are by no means new. Researchers have been working to fit these powerful instruments into small packages for decades. They've succeeded in making small systems for particular applications, but they haven't succeeded as much in reaching a broader audience. Miniature mass specs face the challenge of "false expectations" from users, says R. Graham Cooks, a chemistry professor at Purdue University and leader in the field. If people expect a miniature mass spectrometer to give them the same quality data as a high-end lab instrument, they're


In clinical chemistry tests, the interfering substances such as hemoglobin, lipid, bilirubin, and drugs, etc. can cause the changes of test results performed by spectrophotometrical methods. We evaluated the effects of interfering substances on the test results by adding interfering substances on the samples in the 19 kinds of clinical chemistry tests such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma - glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, triglyceride, uric acid, calcium, inorganic phosphours, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and C - reactive protein using newly implemented automatic chemical analyzer Toshiba TBA - C8000 under the direction of CLSI EP07 - A guideline. Hemolytic samples show increased concentration of total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase and reduced concentration of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase by interfering effect. Hyperlipemic samples show increased concentration of total protein and alkaline phosphatase and reduced concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The samples with conjugated bilirubinemia show increased concentration of inorganic phosphours, otherwise the samples with unconjugated bilirubinemia show no interference or allowable range in the test result.


The elasticity of substitution between capital and labor and, in turn, the direction of technical change are critical parameters in many fields of economics. Until recently, though, the application of production functions with non-unitary substitution elasticities (i.e., non Cobb Douglas) was hampered by empirical and theoretical uncertainties. As has recently been revealed, JEL Classification: C22, E23, E25, O30, O51


Supraphysiological concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK) induce chemokine expression in rat pancreatic acini through the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. In the current study, the in...


THE last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the deployment of heterogeneous distributed computing platforms, in particular, those consisting of heterogeneous clusters, and multiple heterogeneous collections of clusters aggregated over wide-area networks into grids. The software infrastructures and mechanisms to deploy such platforms have been well studied and implementations are already used in production, so that heterogeneous platforms represent a significant, and growing, fraction of the computational power delivered by parallel platforms today. In spite of these successes, many research challenges remain, including those pertaining to distributed algorithms and scheduling algorithms, which are critical for ensuring that these platforms are used effectively. In this context, the goal of this special section on "Algorithm Design and Scheduling Techniques (Realistic Platform Models) for Heterogeneous Clusters" is to gather papers that further our understanding of the impact of platform heterogeneity on the design and evaluation of new such algorithms. In the paper entitled "Allocating Non-Real-Time and Soft Real-Time Jobs in Multiclusters," Ligang He, Stephen A. Jarvis, Daniel P. Spooner, Hong Jiang, Donna N. Dillenberger, and Graham R. Nudd introduce two workload allocation strategies for large-scale heterogeneous platforms. The first strategy achieves an optimized mean response time for jobs having no real-time requirements. The second strategy obtains an optimized mean miss rate for jobs having soft real-time requirements (i.e., a fraction of jobs are permitted to miss the real-time constraints). Both strategies take into account average system behaviors (such as the mean arrival rate of jobs) to calculate the workload proportions for individual clusters, and update on-the-fly the workload allocation when the change in the mean arrival rate reaches a certain threshold. The allocation schemes are combined with two job dispatching strategies (weighted random and weighted round-robin) to generate new job scheduling algorithms for multicluster environments. In their paper "On the Distribution of Sequential Jobs in Random Brokering for Heterogeneous Computational Grids," Vandy Berten, Joel Goossens, and Emmanuel Jeannot study resource brokering for scheduling sequential jobs onto a grid platform that consists of heterogeneous sets of homogeneous processors, such as a set of clusters. Resources in each cluster are managed by a local scheduler that maintains a job queue. The paper studies a centralized "metascheduler" that uses a randomized strategy to share available resources among competing jobs. This research considers two cases depending on whether the platform is heavily loaded or lightly loaded. For each case, it obtains both analytical and experimental characterizations of the queue lengths at each local scheduler, CPU utilization, and average job slowdowns. Furthermore, the paper presents a discussion of the system's behavior when it transitions between a heavily loaded state and a lightly loaded one. All presented theoretical results are corroborated by simulations and provide a thorough description of randomized resource brokering. The research in "Multiple Job Scheduling in a Connection-Limited Data Parallel System" presents a new method for scheduling jobs in a distributed system where the critical resource is the bandwidth to access the stored data. The authors, Alessandro Amoroso and Keith Marzullo, describe an approach that supports the master-worker scheme and can be applied to data parallel computation. They consider a typical wide-area data grid that is comprised of a set of sites, where each site has one or more local area networks. The platform model used is based on the Nile data grid. This paper uses a set of synthetic jobs to compare three schedulers: Greedy, Maxfow, and Hybrid. They tested their new approach under various circumstances and measured its performance by means of several metrics. The new Hybrid scheduler is never worse than either of the other two schedulers, and in 20 percent of the simulated runs, it produced runs that were at least 20 percent better. The paper entitled "Capacity-Aware Multicast Algorithms on Heterogeneous Overlay Networks," coauthored by Zhan Zhang, Shigang Chen, Yibei Ling, and Randy Chow, addresses the problem of multicast for group IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 17, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2006 97


We show that ultra-cold atoms with synthetic spin-orbit coupling in Raman lattices can be used as versatile quantum simulators to explore the connections between correlated Chern insulators and strongly-coupled four-Fermi field theories related to the Gross-Neveu model in (2+1) dimensions. Exploiting this multidisciplinary perspective, we identify a large-$N$ quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in absence of any external magnetic field, and use it to delimit regions in parameter space where these correlated topological phases appear, the boundaries of which are controlled by strongly-coupled fixed points of the four-Fermi relativistic field theory. We further show how, for strong interactions, the QAH effect gives way to magnetic phases described by a two-dimensional quantum compass model in a transverse field. We present a detailed description of the phase diagram using the large-$N$ effective potential, and variational techniques such as projected entangled pairs.


The upper digestive tracts of 788 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 13 southeastern states and St. Croix of the U. S. Virgin Islands were examined for helminths. Gongylonema pulchrum was found in 457 (57.9%) deer from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Gongylonema verrucosum was present in 131 (16.6%) deer from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Rumen flukes, Paramphistomum liorchis, were harbored by 58 (7.3%) deer from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina. No helminths were found in the upper digestive tract of 10 deer from St. Croix. During the past 10 years considerable attention has been given to the diseases and parasites of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most important big game animal in the United States. Although several reviews of the parasite fauna of white-tails are available (Dikmans, 1939; Olsen and Fenstermacher, 1943; Anderson, 1962a, b), the geographic distributions of helminths of this host are not well known. Regional distribution records involving several adjoining states have been published for only one helminth (Pneumostrongylus tenuis) of white-tailed deer (Prestwood and Smith, 1969). The incidence of helminths in the upper digestive tract of deer is poorly documented. Gullet worms, Gongylonema pulchrum, were reported in white-tailed deer from North Carolina (Dikmans and Lucker, 1935; Shillinger, 1938) and Pennsylvania (Samuel and Beaudoin, 1966), while G. verrucosum was found in deer of Marion (Dikmans and Lucker, 1935) and Orange counties, Florida (Dinaburg, 1939). The latter author recorded "amphistome" flukes from the rumen of Florida deer. North American deer were listed (Dikmans, 1939) as hosts Received for publication 27 June 1969. * This study was supported by an appropriation from the Congress of the United States. Funds were administered and research coordinated under the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and through Contract Nos. 1416-0008-676 and 14-16-0008-777, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U. S. Department of the Interior. to Paramphistomum cervi and flukes, identified as P. liorchis, were found in Florida and Louisiana white-tails (Price and McIntosh, 1944). This article presents additional information on the incidence and distribution of Gongylonema pulchrum, G. verrucosum, and Paramphistomum liorchis in white-tailed deer of the southeastern United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 1961 through 1969 the upper digestive tracts of 788 white-tailed deer were examined for helminths. Animals from 98 areas in 13 southeastern states and St. Croix of the U. S. Virgin Islands were examined (Fig. 1). Most deer were killed by a shot through the neck with a .222 caliber rifle. Deer dying of accidental or natural causes were also examined. Approximately twothirds of the deer were females since the latter were more numerous on areas where "buck only" hunting regulations prevailed. Ages ranged from 6 months to 9 years. Approximately 17% of the deer examined were 6 months old, 31% were 1 to 2 years old, 16% were 2 to 3 years old, and the remaining 36% were greater than 3 years of age. All animals were examined similarly. After recording appropriate vital statistics, the carcass was skinned and the abdominal and thoracic cavities opened. The mouth and pharynx were examined for helminths. The esophagus was severed at the throat and near the inlet to the rumen; it was then split longitudinally and inspected for nematodes. The rumen, reticulum, and omasum were freed of ingesta and the mucosal wall washed lightly. The wall was searched for flukes, and the lining was peeled to reveal nematodes. In early studies (1961-63) attempts were not made to determine the number of parasites present


An iceberg drift model has been formulated for eventual operational implementation at the Canadian Ice Service. The model includes air and water drag forces, water pressure gradient, wave radiation stress and the effect of added mass. Besides some refinements to these parameterizations, key new features include forcing by a predictive ocean model, an iceberg geometry parameterization, an implicit solution to the iceberg equation of motion and iceberg calving. The model is validated against a dataset of 17 observed iceberg drift tracks. The absolute error in predicted position increases with the forecast duration at a rate of 12 km per day while the error relative to the observed track length decreases with forecast interval. The new model reduces drift errors over existing operational models by up to 35% at 96 hour forecast periods. The improved ocean drag forces, including both currents and iceberg profile, are the most likely source of these improvements. The effect of wave radiation stress is estimated to explain up to 10% of the iceberg drift.


Objective:To explore the effects of different hemostatic methods of surface of the wound in laparoscopic cystectomy for chocolate cyst of ovary on ovarian reserve function. Methods:100 cases with indications of chocolate cyst of ovary were selected,the surface of the wound in laparoscopic cystectomy for chocolate cyst of ovary was treated with three kinds of hemostatic methods,including unipolar electrocoagulation,bipolar electrocoagulation and suture hemostasis,so the cases were divided into three groups: unipolar electrocoagulation group(group A,30 cases),bipolar electrocoagulation group(group B,34 cases) and suture hemostasis group(group C,36 cases).All the cases were Abstracted blood samples before treatment,at one month(the first menstruation after treatment) and 6 months after treatment to detect the levels of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH) and estradiol,and the amount of antral follicle showed by transvaginal ultrasound,then the ovarian reserve function was assessed. Results:In group A and group B,the levels of estradiol decreased,the levels of FSH and LH increased at one month after treatment,there was significant difference in the amount of antral follicle showed by transvaginal ultrasound before and after treatment(P0.05);at one month after treatment,there was significant difference in levels of estradiol,FSH and LH and the amount of antral follicle showed by transvaginal ultrasound between group A,group B and group C(P0.05).At one month after treatment,there was significant difference in levels of estradiol,FSH and LH and the amount of antral follicle showed by transvaginal ultrasound between group A and group B(P0.05).At 6 months after treatment,there was no significant difference in levels of estradiol,FSH and LH and the amount of antral follicle showed by transvaginal ultrasound between group A and group B(P0.05).In group C,there was no significant difference in levels of estradiol,FSH and LH and the amount of antral follicle showed by transvaginal ultrasound before treatment and at one month,6 months after treatment(P0.05). Conclusion:In laparoscopic cystectomy for chocolate cyst of ovary,compared with bipolar electrocoagulation and suture hemostasis,unipolar electrocoagulation is easier to induce the decrease of ovarian reserve function;while compared with suture hemostasis,unipolar electrocoagulation and bipolar electrocoagulation are easier to aggravate the injury of ovarian function,suture hemostasis does not damage ovarian function.


35 Studies reported adverse behavioral development including internalizing and externalizing problems 36 in association with prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, however, findings were 37 not sufficient due to using different assessment tools and child ages among studies. This study aimed 38 to examine associations between maternal serum levels of BPA and phthalate metabolites and 39 behavioral problems at preschool age. 40 The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess behavioral problems at 5 years 41 of age. BPA and phthalate metabolite levels in the 1st trimester maternal serum was determined by 42 LC-MS/MS for 458 children. Variables used for adjustment were parental ages, maternal cotinine 43 levels, family income during pregnancy, child sex, birth order and age at SDQ completed. 44 The median concentrations of BPA, MnBP, MiBP, MEHP and MECPP were 0.062, 26.0, 7.0, 1.40, and 45 0.20 ng/ml, respectively. BPA level was associated with increased hyperactivity/inattention risk 46 among girls (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 0.95-2.90) and∑DBPm (MnBP + MiBP) level was associated with 47 decreased total difficulties risk overall and among girls (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.20-1.13, OR=0.24, 95% 48 CI: 0.06-1.03, respectively) without significance. MECPP level was associated with increase conduct 49 problems risk (OR=2.78, 95% CI: 1.36-5.68). 50 Our analyses found no significant association between BPA or summation of phthalate metabolite 51 levels and any of the behavioral problems at 5 years of age, however, suggested possible association 52 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 April 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0355.v1


ABSTRACT This article turns to Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors (1594) in order to revise critical accounts of globalization and to propose a contrasting notion of "world" as a function of affective experience, collective narration, and virtual witnessing. Shakespeare's play captures how a newly global imaginary was beginning to disrupt many of the foundations of personal identity and the familiar reference points of the worlds that sustained it. The Comedy of Errors acknowledges the integrative effects of a globalizing system while also emphasizing its multiply-centered, regional specificity; Shakespeare models not a single, totalizing globality but a plurality of worlds characterized by continuous rupture, reconfiguration, and an ongoing state of in-betweenness. Not only does the play illuminate a non-Eurocentric view of globalization but it explores the alienation that attends migration and displacement at a global scale and the ways these movements mark the body for violence and refigure the human relationships that bond people together. In doing so, the play reveals an experience of exclusion that is constitutive of race insofar as its somatic determinations follow a logic that is both incomprehensible and absolute. The play also demonstrates how dramatic processes of collective story-telling and mutual witnessing can re-world both subject and community alike, showing us how "globalization" is an historically-contingent iteration of "worlding" that is neither static, inevitable, nor permanent.


The aim of this research was to determine the action of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) as well as mineral contents into natural and blanched broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. (Brassicaceae), - the latter was submitted to thermal treatment at 95,0 o C during 10 to 12 minutes. Extracts containing POD and PPO were prepared using sodium phosphate buffer 100mmol/L in different pH (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5). The procedure was followed in order to extract the soluble fraction and the fraction ionically linked to the cellular wall. Among the extracted fractions from both natural and blanched broccoli a strong distinction on the soluble fraction was noticed, being POD and PPO activity more intense on natural broccoli. The same variation, however, was not detected in ionically linked fractions. The thermal treatment used in the blanching process did not affect mineral contents: Fe (152.3ppm e 149.0ppm); Cu (15.5ppm e 9.6ppm); Zn (104.3ppm e 104.3ppm); Mn (59.8ppm e 59.6ppm); Ca (0.69% e 0.59%); Mg (0.29% e 0.29%); K (2.58% e 3.04%) - for natural and blanched broccoli, respectively.


The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol of a 12-week hands-on healthy meal preparation intervention among children, up to a 3-month follow-up. The aim of KidChen Study (kids in kitchen) is to improve children's nutritional outcomes. In this randomized-controlled trial, simple random sampling will be used to select schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Subsequently, the selected schools (n=2) will be assigned randomly to either the intervention or control group. The current study will include healthy Malaysian children aged 10–11 years old with no serious disease or food allergy. The intervention is based on Social Cognitive Theory that addresses personal and environmental factors for changing children's behaviour. Children from the intervention group will receive a 60-minute home food environment module with their parents consisting of nutrition talk, healthy food tasting, parent-child quiz; and five 60 minute interactive hands-on healthy meal preparation modules focusing on core food groups coupled withstorytelling sessions to incorporate nutrition education. Outcome measures are children's psychosocial factors towards healthy meal preparation (knowledge, attitude, practice, self-efficacy), dietary behaviour, food consumption pattern, home food availability and anthropometric measures (BMI-for-age z-score, body fat percentage, waist circumference). Repeated measures ANOVA will be used to evaluate the intervention outcomes. KidChen Study is an experiential learning approach to instil a positive attitude towards nutrition and empower children with nutrition skills. We anticipate that the intervention will advocate healthy eating behaviour among children, impacting their nutritional outcomes over time.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is estimated to affect 1.2 million Americans by 2030. Patients with Parkinson's (PWP) face mobility challenges and speech and writing difficulties which lead to a negative impact on health-related quality of life and restricted independence. Research has shown that early detection of PD may help in slowing disease progression by preserving the functioning of the neurons, reducing symptoms such as difficulty in performing voluntary movements, and improved qualityof-life, and decreasing costs associated with PD (Murman, 2012). While there is no current cure for PD, treatments such as levodopa/carbidopa are more effective when administered early on in the disease (Zhu et al., 2017; noa). The pathology of PD is characterized by the aggregation of αsynuclein and an excessive loss of dopaminergic neurons (Tysnes and Storstein, 2017). Studies have shown proteins found in the cerebrospinal fluid can have different shapes in PWP and healthy individuals and could hence be potential biomarkers of PD (Karayel et al., 2022; Winchester et al., 2022; Goldman et al., 2018). The complete set of proteins involved in PD remains an open research question and any proteins that have predictive value are likely worth investigating further (Cova and Priori, 2018; Lotankar et al., 2017). In this study, we attempt to predict the progression of Parkinson's disease using protein/peptide abundance data.


The cultural heritage, with a particular importance for the people is their folk music. Specific measures for the preservation and spreading of the valuable examples of the Bulgarian folk music art are: The recording and writing in notes of folk songs; The inclusion of many folk songs in the textbooks of music for the secondary school; The use in authors' compositions; The concerts of the folk performers singers and instrumentalists, professional folk choir orchestras, amateur choirs and chamber formations; The access of the outstanding folk performers to the national broadcast media; The annual international folk festivals in the larger Bulgarian cities Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Veliko Tarnovo; The theoretical research. Bulgarian folk music through the ages has been an indispensable companion of our people. Even during 500 years of Ottoman rule folk music had an important role in the preservation of the Bulgarian ethnos. That is why we, Bulgarians, are obliged to respect, love and honor the valuable samples of their music folklore.


The invention relates to a high-entropy alloy powder conductive polymer composite material and a manufacturing method thereof. The high-entropy alloy powder conductive polymer composite material is characterized by being prepared from a multi-component high-entropy alloy powder conductive filling material and a polymer material; the conductive filling material contains five to ten kinds of primary metallic elements and each one of the primary metallic elements accounts for 5 to 30 atomic percentage of the conductive filling material; and the polymer material is a natural rubber or a synthetic polymer material. The high-entropy alloy powder conductive polymer composite material has the advantages of stabilization, oxidation resistance and low cost.


Flipped classroom is a learning model that reverses the learning cycle, that is, learning that is usually done in class becomes done at home by students, and conversely, homework is done in class. Learning media that can be used to support flipped classroom learning is Google Classroom. The choice of Google Classroom as a learning medium because the application is free and easy to use, and the features contained in Google Classroom are integrated with other Google applications. At the flipped classroom learning stage, students are required to be more active and critical during the learning process which causes the process of understanding a concept independently to a higher level of the learning process so that it is considered to be able to improve mathematical critical thinking skills. This research is a quasi-experimental research design with the non equivalent pretest posttest control group design. Data analysis techniques in quantitative research include descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results obtained are the final achievement and improvement of students' mathematical critical thinking skills in the control class is better than the experimental class. So it can be concluded that the mathematical critical thinking skills of students who apply flipped classroom learning are no better than students who apply scientific learning.


Abstract Newtown Business of Seoul had been performed to reduce deterioration of Gangbuk and economic inequality between Gangnam and Gangbuk. According to this, Eunpyeong-gu was set as test-bed for Newtown business and Newtown business had been completed until 2013. This study aims to analyze the influence of social and economical factors which affect land price using GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression) considered spatial effect. As a result of analysis, GWR model demonstrated a better goodness-of-fit than OLS (Ordinary least square) model typically used in most study. Furthermore, AIC value and Moran's I of residual prove that GWR model is more suitable than OLS model. GWR model enable to explain more detailed than global regression model as coefficient and sign show different value locally. In future, this research will be helpful to develop Eunpyeong-gu considering spatial characters and strength effectiveness of development.Keywords : Eunpyeong Newtown, Newtown Projects, Land Value, Geographically Weighted Regression


Balances of water, nitrogen, chloride, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium are reported in eight cases of diarrhea.
 Average deficits/kg. in severe dehydration due to diarrhea are H2O, 125 gm.; Cl, 9.2 mM; Na, 9.5 mM; and K, 10.4 mM. These figures may be about 10% too high for H2O, Na and Cl because of overexpansion of extracellular fluids in some cases.
 These findings, especially the approximately equal retentions of Na and Cl during recovery, indicate 1. that intracellular Na is slightly high during dehydration in many cases; 2. that NaCl without NaHCO3 should suffice to restore all deficits of Na and Cl; 3. that acidosis is explained chiefly by deficit of K which leads to transfer of extracellular Na into the cells during dehydration; 4. that fluids used to replace deficits of H2O and electrolyte in diarrhea should contain K as well as Na and Cl; 5. that administration of NaHCO3 without potassium salts so as to restore rapidly the concentration of serum HCO3 in acidosis is likely to aggravate the abnormality in cellular composition and may produce alkalosis and low concentration of K in serum.
 Losses of H2O as sweat are frequently 50 ml./kg./day; the maximum measured was 100 ml./kg./day. Losses of H2O in stools are frequently 50 ml./kg./day; maximum measured was 85 ml./kg./day. Nitrogen losses are rapidly replaced when milk feedings are instituted even at low caloric intakes. In the development of dehydration, losses of water in sweat are quantitatively as important as losses in stools.
 Relation of these findings to treatment of infantile diarrhea is discussed.


Pyrazolo[5,1- c ][1,2,4]triazine, [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- c ][1,2,4]triazine, benzo[4,5]-imidazo[2,1- c ][1,2,4]triazine, isoxazole, isoxazolo[3,4- d ]pyridazine, pyrazole, pyridine, substituted urea and phenyl carbamate derivatives containing benzofuran moiety were synthesized via reaction of sodium salt of 5-hydroxy-l-benzofuran-2-ylpropenone or 1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one with diazotized heterocyclic amines, hydroximoyl chlorides and active methylene compounds. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, spectral data, and alternative synthetic routes, whenever possible.


Background: Erotic fantasies are the most common sexual experiences and provide valuable clinical material for understanding individual and relational emotional dynamics. The primary objective of this study is to validate the Sexual Desire and Erotic Fantasies questionnaire (SDEF) Part 3–Inventory of Erotic Fantasies. This questionnaire was designed to be a sex-positive and inclusive measure of the content of erotic fantasies, accessible to individuals of all gender identities, sexual orientations, relationship/romantic status, and sexual behaviors. Methods: The SDEF3 was completed by 1773 Italian participants (1105 women, 645 men, and 23 participants identifying as other genders). Two factorial structures were presented and discussed: a 20-dimension structure for clinical and explorative use and a 6-dimension structure for research purposes. Results: The six-factor version was preferred due to its robust statistical properties and its ability to differentiate between sexually clinical and functional men and women, based on cut-off scores from the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Differences in the frequency of themes in fantasies between gender and sexual orientation were reported and discussed. Conclusions: The current study indicates that the SDEF3 is a valuable and comprehensive measure for assessing various scenarios related to fantasizing activity. It has potential applications in both clinical practice and scientific research.


The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to develop a technology for the support of management decisions in the conditions of uncertainty based on the probabilistic output in the temporal knowledge base. The technology provides an increase in the effectiveness of organizational management at the tactical and strategic levels of the organizational hierarchy. Research methods. Methods of decision-making support, methods of probabilistic inference in the knowledge base. The main results of the research. The problem of construction of managerial decisions in the conditions of uncertainty is considered. This problem is related to the discrepancy between the practical need for management decision making using knowledge bases and the capabilities of existing knowledge-based methods that use only causal relationships. An analysis of the structure of the process of preparation of management decisions was made. It is shown that the general structure of the process of making managerial decisions involves a consistent solution to the tasks of preparing and implementing a solution. When solving the task of preparing a solution, a set of possible managerial decisions is formed. The task of realization of the decision involves its choice and implementation. Structuration of temporal dependencies in the structure of the management solution is performed. The method of generalization of temporal dependences is developed. The technology of management decision support using the temporal knowledge base is suggested. The developed technology allows you to build many alternative managerial decisions in the form of controlling impacts or the corresponding sequence of states of the control object with the estimation of the probability of implementation of each of the alternatives of management decisions. The resulting set of alternative management solutions is a complex management solution and may be associated with a certain level of organizational hierarchy. This provides the opportunity to form a comprehensive management solution both at the level of individual units and at the organizational level as a whole. Scientific novelty. The method of generalization of temporal dependencies is proposed, which, based on the transformation of the input temporal rules at the level of separate control actions and taking into account the hierarchy of context


The basin of Jinsha river in Yunnan province is a very important region of the construction of ecological environment in our country.The main characteristics of cultivated land in the basin are sloping cultivated land constituted a main part of all cultivated land,and the area of steep cultivated land in the slope of 25°occupied a considerable proportion in total cultivated land area.This is the most main causes for the especially serious soil erosion and the increasingly bad ecological environment in the basin,and so the rational exploitation and management of cultivated land resources should be the most important countermeasure for preventing and controlling soil erosion and constructing good ecological environment.Taking the achievement of detailed investigation of land resources as a basis,and using the way of combining the method of limit conditions and the synthetic analytical method on the basis of selecting 10 indexes of cultivated land evaluation,the author in the paper evaluated the suitability of all cultivated land based on sustainable use in the basin of Jinsha river in yunnan province, and obtained the quantity,distribution and characteristics of four suitability classes of cultivated land (that are the land suited highly to the cultivation or first class farmland,the land suited middlingly to cultivation or second class farmland,the land suited lowly to cultivation or third class farmland and the land not suited to cultivation) in the basin,and so the paper has provided scientific basis for the rational exploitation and management of cultivated land resources of the basin.This study is of great importance to direct scientifically the project of taking land out of farming use and giving back to forestry and grass use in the strategy of big development of the western China.


We live in times of rapid change and innovation. Things that seemed unimaginable just a few decades ago, are today an undeniable truth. Advances in science, in technology, in consumer behavior have changed the ways people live, work, communicate. The pace of development of new technologies and consumer behavior is increasing.


BACKGROUND Accurate identification of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is critical, as untreated cases can be fatal. It is well established that the specificity of the clinical signs and symptoms of DVT is low. Therefore, clinicians rely on additional tests to make this diagnosis. There are three modalities for DVT diagnosis; clinical scoring, laboratory investigations, and radiology. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of plasma D-dimer concentration with the ultrasonographic non-compressibility ratio in patients with DVT in the lower extremities. METHODS This research was a cross-sectional observational study. The sample comprised 25 subjects over 30 years of age with clinically diagnosed DVT in the lower extremities. In all subjects, D-dimer determination using latex enhanced turbidimetric test was performed, as well as ultrasonographic non-compressibility ratio assessment of the lower extremities. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation at significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Mean plasma D-dimer concentration was 2953.00 ± 2054.44 μg/L. The highest mean non-compressibility ratio (59.96 ± 35.98%) was found in the superficial femoral vein and the lowest mean non-compressibility ratio (42.68 ± 33.71%) in the common femoral vein. There was a moderately significant correlation between plasma D-dimer level and non-compressibility ratio in the popliteal vein (r=0.582; p=0.037). In the other veins of the lower extremities, no significant correlation was found. CONCLUSION The sonographic non-compressibility ratio is an objective test for quick and accurate diagnosis of lower extremity DVT and for evaluation of DVT severity.


Activation of nutrient sensors throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can affect both motility and secretory functions. Our recent studies have shown that monosodium glutamate (MSG) and the amino acid L‐Cysteine can activate the nutrient sensing T1R1/T1R3 umami receptor and increase propulsive motility in the distal colon. Other groups have shown that activation of these receptors in the upper GI tract can lead to release of hormone and paracrine mediators from enteroendocrine cells (EECs). In this study we investigated the mechanism of MSG‐induced increases in propulsive motility through the release of the paracrine mediator neurotensin (NT). We investigated MSG‐induced release of NT in both a mouse enteroendocrine cell line, STC‐1, and rat colon flat sheet preparation. In both STC‐1 cells and guinea pig distal colon tissue T1R1/T1R3 receptors were co‐localized to cells containing NT as assessed by immunohistochemistry. MSG induced NT release in both STC‐1 cells and mucosal flat sheet preparations from rat colon. The NT release by MSG in rat colon was augmented by the addition of inosine‐5'‐monophosphate (IMP) suggesting that the effect was downstream of T1R1/T1R3 activation. MSG induced both the ascending contraction and descending relaxation components of the peristaltic reflex in rat colon, which was reduced by the addition of the NT1 receptor antagonist SR48692. The increased pellet propulsion velocity induced by MSG (132% of control) was reduced by the addition of the pan‐NT receptor inhibitor SR142498 (115% of control). These results suggest that MSG‐induced propulsive motility is partially mediated by the release of NT from EECs within the colonic mucosa. This research was supported by NIDDK grant DK034153 (JRG) and NIGMS grant GM093857.


Cross-sector partnerships (XSPs) are an important part of today's organizational landscape and a favored strategy for addressing complex social problems. However, a discrepancy exists between the popularity and prevalence of XSPs and evidence of their ability to produce value with respect to the problems they address. We therefore offer a framework for increasing and assessing XSP value based on an alternative conception of organizational constitution rooted in communication theory. Our central argument is that the overall value of XSPs is not merely in connecting interested parties but, rather, in their ability to act—to substantially influence the people and issues within their problem domain. This ability, we argue, comes from the constitution of organizational forms that are distinct from their members and that display collective agency—the capacity to influence a host of relevant outcomes beyond what individual organizations could do on their own. Our primary contributions are developing a framework ...


As life on Earth becomes increasingly precarious, it becomes ever clearer that, while some nonhuman losses are perceived as tragic and controversial, many more are left to slip away, unnoticed and unmourned. The purpose of this study, then, is to determine what renders a nonhuman animal life as significant and why. Specifically, the story of colony collapse disorder is traced, illustrating how the loss of honeybees became framed as an ecological whodunit. This framing incited widespread interest in and anxiety about the disappearance of honeybees. Moreover, the controversy surrounding colony collapse disorder encouraged the preemptive mourning of honeybees' extinction, a fact which has consequently increased their chances of survival. Therefore, I argue that the stories told about nonhuman animals have influence. This article contributes to literature that recognizes extinction as a distinctly biocultural process, shaped as much by cultural values as it is by scientific fact.


Treatment choices for elderly patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were assessed through a retrospective analysis of 705 pts aged ≥ 60 years (yrs), diagnosed between January 1986 and December 2005. The treatments administered to pts were grouped into three categories: best supportive care (BSC), combination induction chemotherapies including high dose ara-C (HDT), and low-intensity single-agent therapies (LDT; approx. 50% were low-dose ara-C, others included valproic acid, thalidomide, lenalidomide, decitabine, 5-azacytadine, gemcitabine and etoposide). The reviewed AML population consisted of 57% of pts aged 60–69 yrs, 17% 70–74 yrs and 26% ≥75 yrs; median age at baseline was 70 yrs. Overall, 41% of pts had antecedent MDS, and 75% had a bone marrow (BM) blast count of 20–30% at baseline. Of the 705 pts 56.5% who received BSC, 33.2% were treated with HDT and 10.4% with LDT. Age was shown to strongly influence the choice of treatment. The use of HDT dropped significantly from 57.6% for pts


An alkoxysiloxane oligomer (1, SiMe[OSi(CHCH2)(OMe)2][OSi(CH2)3Cl(OMe)2]2), containing vinyl and chloropropyl groups, was synthesized as a precursor for sol–gel synthesis. Di-tert-butoxymethylhydroxysilane (t-BuO)2MeSiOH was reacted with (MeO)2(CH2CH)SiCl to form (t-BuO)2MeSiOSi(CHCH2)(OMe)2 which was further alkoxysilylated with Cl(CH2)3SiCl(OMe)2 to form 1. The 1H, 13C, 29Si NMR and HR-MS data confirmed the formation of 1, indicating the successful synthesis of an alkoxysiloxane oligomer possessing different kinds of functional groups by a chemoselective route. Hydrolysis of 1 under acidic conditions was completed in a few hours. The solution state 29Si NMR spectra of samples hydrolyzed and condensed at various reaction times show no signals due to species generated by the cleavage of the siloxane bonds in 1, indicating the validity of the synthesized substance as a precursor for the formation of hybrids with homogeneously distributed functional groups. Intramolecular condensation of 1 to form cyclic trisiloxane units proceeds more preferentially than intermolecular condensation.


The recently formulated Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson (BLG) theory in three dimensions is described in terms of a constrained chiral superfield in light-cone superspace. We discuss the use of Superconformal symmetry to determine the form of its interactions, in complete analogy with N = 4 SuperYang-Mills in four dimensions.


Abstract The paper presents the strength evaluation of planetary gear teeth designed for a radial sedimentation tank drive. A novel type of gear drive, composed of a closed epicyclic gear train and an open gear train with internal cycloidal gear mesh is proposed. Contact stress and root stress in the planetary gear train were determined by the finite element method and according to ISO 6336. The influence of the mesh load factor at planet gears on stress values was also established. A comparison of the results followed. It was observed that the mesh load factor on satellites depends mainly on the way the satellites and central wheels are mounted, the positioning accuracy in the carrier and the accuracy of teeth. Subsequently, a material was selected for the particular design of planetary gear and the assumed load. The analysis of the obtained results allowed assuming that in case of gears in class 7 and the rigid mounting of satellites and central wheels, gears should be made of steel for carburizing and hardening. In case of flexible satellites or flexible couplings in the central wheels and gears in class 4, gears can be made of nitriding steel.


Furfural production from the conversion of corncob was investigated using sulfuric acid as catalyst and thiourea as additive. The effects of acid concentration, temperature and thiourea on furfural yield were investigated. A furfural yield of 61.04% is achieved using thiourea as additive compared with 33.78% using H2SO4 alone without additive, under the optimum conditions of liquid–solid ratio of 2:1, temperature of 170°C and sulfuric acid of 0.5M. The effect of thiourea on furfural degradation rate was also evaluated. The reaction kinetic of furfural degradation shows that the activation energy is increased by 21.02% with thiourea as additive, which confirms that thiourea has effect on inhibiting the furfural degradation to some extent. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 690–695, 2017


Abstract Structural analysis of aeromagnetic and Landsat data over Ankpa area, Benue state was carried out to delineate the basement topography, hydrocarbon potentials, groundwater availability and the structures that control basin formation. The Landsat imagery generated from this study was further processed using Geomatica software (version 9.0). The results obtained revealed that the drainage pattern is dendritic which could be associated to the lithological, structural and topographic differences. Also, this may indicate the presence of alluvial rocks, typically of the same geology, mainly of sedimentary rocks. This present study is in good agreement with the areas in the lineament map of high-density structures. The observation showed that the study area constitutes densely lineaments that cut across each other, which may be attributed to groundwater availability and upward migration of hydrocarbon-bearing formation. The structural trend is predominantly in the NE-SW direction and agrees with the Landsat data structural trends. Significantly, this NE-SW trend is in agreement with the trend of Benue Trough (NE –SW) and could be that they have the same structural control.


Abstract : The funds from this equipment grant were used to purchase the following: one (1) Agilent Technologies Millimeter Wave Vector Network Analyzer ($130,882), assorted Millitech Inc. millimeter wave waveguide componants ($2,676), and assorted Newport Corp. positioning stages and optical componants ($53,254). The unexpended balance of $13,188 is being returned to the government. All of the above equipment is being directly applied to accelerate research progress on the 94 GHz 'klystrino' concept being studied under the FY99 Vacuum Electronics MURI.


In this article, we study Coleman bounce in weakly nonlocal theories which are motivated from string field theory. The kinetic term is extended via an infinite series of high-order derivatives, which comes into play at an energy scale M, without introducing any new states or ghosts in the mass spectrum. We calculate the bubble nucleation in thin-wall approximation, treating the system in semi-classical manner. We find that the effect of nonlocal scale M in the theory is to suppress the vacuum tunneling rate from false to true vacuum compared to the standard local bouncing scenario. Likewise, we show that as we move further away from the bubble wall, the effects of nonlocality gets reduced and this suppression is significant only around the wall of the nucleated bubble. From our investigations, we conclude that the main effect is due to the fact that the nonlocality smears the solution of the local bubble profile. However, the energy of the bubble wall remains unaffected by the microscopic nonlocal behavior of the theory in the thin-wall approximation. We also discuss the cases for Lee-Wick theories and applications of our result to cosmology.


Abstract The paper aims to investigate the possible dual causality between exchange rates and stock indices of China and ASEAN using Structural Vector Auto-Regressive Model (SVAR). The paper has analysed the dynamic relationships between the Yuan and the Shanghai Composite Index and Shenzhen Stock Index in the context of China's third largest trading bloc, i.e., ASEAN, after the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997–98 had an adverse impact on stock indices and the currencies of ASEAN countries. It was also expected that a devaluation of the Yuan would follow soon, thus plummeting investors' confidence in the Chinese markets. Further research was needed to explore the complex relationship between financial and forex markets in the context of China and ASEAN. The focus of this paper is to explore such relationship with the focus on China. The results of the model confirm the dual causality between the two variables of interest in China. It concludes that a positive financial shock does have a small but significant impact upon the Yuan, whereas a positive exchange rate shock has a high and a significant impact upon the Shanghai and Shenzhen Composite Indices. The paper finds the effect of monetary and demand shocks upon the Yuan and stock market indices to be insignificant.


Objective:To investigate the change of function and morphology in different periods of renal on acute renal failure(ARF) in rats.Methods:ARF was induced by 50% glycerin injection into muscles of both thighs in male SD rats. The renal function and histopathological changes were evaluated at 1,6,12,24,48,72 and 120 hours after injection. Results:Extremely rapid induction of serum BUN was observed 6 hours after injection of glycerin, peak at 72 hours; The rise of serum Cr began at 1 hour after injection, peak at 48 hours. The change of renal histopathological and necrosis at the epithelia of renal tubule appear after 24h.At 72 hours, can observe regenerate epithelia in damage position. Conclusion:Through induced by 50% glycerin injection into muscles can induce typical acute renal tubule necrosis(ATN).


The use of video as a tool to aid reflection in teacher practice is certainly not novel. Its use as a means to provide feedback—feedback that often surprises and reveals—has long been recognized across all fields of study that focus on the development of both observable yet sometimes elusive skills. From sports to psychology, to medicine and nursing, and in education, video records provide the chance for "actors" to step back and view and review their ownwork directly, without reliance on eithermemory-based recall or via the interpretations of their observers.We believe herein lies its potential: for empowerment and growth and for insights made by the viewer, rather than as a means for external evaluation. Teachers in particular have largely experienced observation as something to which they are subjected, a required act of compliance associated with high stakes and high stress, thus tending to fear and avoid it. Such situations do not provide authentic opportunities for genuine professional growth. Delivering the power to self-observe directly into teachers' hands is essential to the reversal of these orientations to observation. Video is the essential tool in this process. Indeed, video records of teaching have been used very successfully to support reflection in preand in-service teacher development (e.g., Baecher & McCormack, 2015; Rosaen, Lundeberg, Cooper, Fritzen, & Terpstra, 2008; Sherin & van Es, 2005; Tripp & Rich, 2012; Welsch & Devlin, 2007). These and many other studies have shown ways in which skilled facilitators enable teachers to reap the full benefits of video review. Our aim in bringing together this special topic issue of The New Educator is to further advance the practices of video-based professional learning by sharing cutting-edge approaches to video review in a wider range of contexts than has been previously shared in the literature. As the healthy response to the call for papers for this special issue revealed, so many of us in a range of educational settings are currently using video in a variety of ways. For this special issue, we selected six studies that represent a continuum of these settings, from early fieldwork preservice contexts to professional learning communities of experienced teachers and from student teachers' use of video to its use with teacher educators. These articles represent a constellation of interests in which educators are being thoughtful and creative in


Programming language in software design area has gone through three major changes,they are process-oriented programming,object-oriented programming and generic programming.Which changes each time affect not only the programming language itself but also every area in software engineering.This article describes the three programming methods,and their comparison and analysis.


The multifunctional effect of the dihydrogen phosphate of e-aminocaproic acid (DHPh e-ACA) on isoprene rubber compounds is presented in this paper. DHPh e-ACA is the product of interaction of polymeric, oligomeric or monomeric e-aminocaprolactam and phosphoric acid, with an excess of the acid. This interaction offers an additional possibility for the utilisation of waste or non-standard amide-group-containing materials by converting them into a phosphorus-containing substance. DHPh e-ACA acts as dispersant and plasticiser during the mixing and, later, during the vulcanisation participates in the formation of a very flexible vulcanisation network, making the vulcanisates very stable to dynamic loads—the number of cycles at break increases by up to one order of magnitude. DHPh e-ACA acts also as an antistatic agent and the addition of 2–5 phr to non-polar isoprene rubber turns it into an antistatic material. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry


To solve the mechanical damage and oil fouling problems, a novel superhydrophobic bulk material was fabricated by a simple approach. The superhydrophobic property of the resulting bulk material was retained after 20 abrasion cycles and even after cutting deep into it. The bulk material can thermally regenerate its superhydrophobicity for repeated use when fouled by oil. Exploiting this material's superhydrophobicity and thermal stability, the strongly oleophilic bulk material is demonstrated as a reusable oil sorbent scaffold in water.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the principles of state policy on ensuring the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities. Based on the study, it is proposed to divide the principles of state policy on ensuring the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities into universal (general) and sectoral (special). It is determined that universal (general) - the principles inherent in public policy in general, are applied in all its types (subspecies). These include, in particular: the rule of law; compliance with international law and the provisions of international treaties; humanism, expediency and validity; efficiency; legality; anthropocentrism; scientific; planning; priorities of protection of national interests; predictability; equality of all subjects; systematicity; affirmation and provision of human rights and freedoms; professionalism and competence of subjects and other general principles. It is noted that sectoral (special) - original principles, which are usually inherent in a particular type (subspecies) of public policy. In turn, they are differentiated into: a) ordinary - internal principles of state policy to ensure the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities, which are general in nature and essential (basic). These include: the government's responsibility to create a system to address conditions that lead to disability; accessibility; involvement and inclusion in society; non-discrimination; respect for the rights and abilities of children with disabilities; full participation; equality of opportunity; equality of men and women; freedom of choice; creating equal conditions; creating conditions for independent living; b) immanent - internal principles of state policy to ensure the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities, which are exclusive and specific, inherent only in this sub-policy. These include: taking into account the needs and interests of persons with disabilities; comprehensive support for people with disabilities; application and implementation of the principles of universal design; end-to-end accessibility; raising awareness of and about people with disabilities; promoting sustainable urban mobility.


The role of propaganda in the Anglo-Irish struggle has a long and varied history. It reached the pinnacle of its importance, however, during the period 1919–21. The newspaper publishing industry was heavily involved in a war that featured few battles in the traditional sense. The Anglo-Irish propaganda war was frantic, vicious, and at times downright underhand. Publishing and propaganda played a vital role in the Anglo-Irish War, and would be one of the most important factors in determining its eventual outcome.


The Lost Rolls 1988-2012 By Ron Haviv, edited by Robert Peacock Blurb, 2015 unpaginated/$45.00 (hb) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] For every news photograph published to illustrate or document an event, countless others never make it to print. For his latest book, The Lost Rolls 1988-2012 (2015), the photojournalist Ron Haviv turned to his archive of undeveloped film--pictures that, over more than twenty years of his three-decade-long career, never made it off the roll. This was a brave choice, not least given that the photographer has a substantial record of widely circulated, award-winning photojournalism, particularly of sites of conflict and postconflict, that he might have mined instead. A cofounder of the VII Photo Agency, Haviv may be best known for his work on the 1990s Balkan Wars and their aftermath, which he spent a decade documenting. (This work includes his iconic photograph of a Serb soldier kicking a dying Bosnian Muslim woman, which Susan Sontag wrote about in the New Yorker, and which was widely circulated as a symbol not only that--as Sontag put it--"war is hell," but of the particular war crimes of that particular hell.) Curating from among his forgotten and unseen photographs enables Haviv to push at photography's most elemental tensions, most notably--and most effectively--the very thin line (if there is one at all) between photojournalism and art. The Lost Rolls is comprised of seventy-four black-and-white and color photos that Haviv took between 1988 and 2012 (with one photo from 2015). Some show well-known subjects, like former President Bill Clinton, former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, and tennis star Andre Agassi. Others have the familiar look of news photography, even if their events are not immediately recognizable, such as a photo of a soldier with the White House in the background; what looks like a detective documenting a murder scene; and an array of human skulls at the genocide memorial in Kigali, Rwanda, two of which have holes in their craniums. Still other images seem to come specifically from Haviv's private life, such as a shot of a woman lying in bed, her face obscured by her hair. The public and private scenes included here mirror the way we remember: in our minds, flashbulb memories of public events (dignitaries at a ceremony, CNN reporting on war) run alongside images of concurrent private moments (so-and-so's wedding, that final trip with an ex). An index at the book's end provides basic information about the photographs and when they were taken (e.g., "Bosnia, 2000"). In the book, some photos are accompanied by Haviv's recollections, which are also spare ("swimmers on a beach--perhaps ny in the summer, coney island probably"). But the photos do not need these details in order for the viewer to "read" them. In fact, the book works best in those spreads without the written texts of Haviv's recollections; his words seem to ground them too precisely. That's because what makes these photos effective, as Lauren Walsh writes in her introduction, is that we can tell, largely, that the photographs originated as photojournalism, as personal work, or, perhaps, as both (dogs and cats scattered throughout an archeological site in Turkey beside a photo of the Clintons standing in the same frame). That Haviv's photographs do not need written words to be understood and categorized speaks as much to the quality of the images themselves as to their presence within that well of pictures that comprise public culture, and that we draw on when encountering, reading, and categorizing pictures: this shows "evil, " this shows "love," this shows "war," and so on. …


Staring from the internal and external reasons of the job burnout, this paper analyzes the forming mechanism of the job burnout of circulation librarians in university, and advances some countermeasures.


The article examines the phenomenon of the transformation of word semantics in social network communication and its reflection in the language consciousness of the modern Internet user.


बदलना means to change — which is perhaps nothing to get very excited about. But this everyday
verb has two points of interest that make it stand out from the herd.


Functional transdermal delivery system (100) includes a support structure (128). The inside supporting structure liquid reservoir for storing the liquid (108) being conveyed percutaneously (102) is provided. At least one exit orifice is formed in the support structure for communication with the liquid reservoir (104) is provided. Diameter of the orifice is 500 micrometers to about 1 micrometer. Furthermore, repeated driving means is disposed within the support structure, in response to drive in conjunction with the outlet orifice for the liquid discharge to the drive signal.


A geometric simulation method was used to develop a three-dimensional, highly detailed synthetic representation of point bar sediments in the Wabash River system. Geometric simulation methods, in comparison to well-known second-order stochastic methods, offer the advantage of being more closely related to depositional processes, which are often similarly conceptualized (i.e., described in terms of shapes of discrete bed forms, trends in grain size, and spatial relationships of defined geologic facies). Multiple scales of geometric variation were defined within a sedimentologically prescribed framework, and shapes of discrete geometric elements were established at each scale. The selected shapes were based on published field studies including sedimentological bed form studies and trench studies in active point bar sediments. The parameterization of the shapes allowed for random variability of the shape descriptors; discrete shapes were then generated and assimilated by computer. Hydraulic conductivity values were assigned to the discrete elements based on reports of observed variations in grain size and field measurements of hydraulic conductivity. The synthetic model, referred to as a numerical aquifer, is being used as the basis for extensive numerical experimentation to study the relationship between natural spatial structure and subsurface flow and transport.


Spin susceptibility of superfluid 3 He-B film with specular surfaces is calculated on the basis of the self consistent order parameter. It is shown that, when the magnetic field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the film, the suseptibility is significantly enhanced by the contribution from the surface bound states. No such enhancement is found for the magnetic field parallel to the film. A simplified model with spatially constant order parameter is used to elucidate the magnetic properties of the surface bound states. The Majorana nature of the zero energy bound state is also mentioned.


Proper identification of urine crystals is essential in the routine microscopic examination of urine sediment. Knowledge of structure, solubility, and pH characteristics of urine crystals comes with training and experience. References are available that provide excellent photographs and illustrations to assist with recognition. In addition, these references provide guidelines for specialized testing or polarization characteristics of specific urine crystals to further assist in identification. Although crystals most often seen in urine generally are unrelated to pathology and are considered normal, they must be properly identified and reported because, occasionally, they may have clinical significance. For example, calcium oxalate has been considered one of the normal crystals, but it has been linked to lithiasis. This is the second article in a three-part continuing education update series on urinalysis. Other articles in the series focus on urine sediment diagnosis and urine cytodiagnostics.


In this paper, a stable adaptive control approach is developed for the trajectory tracking of a robotic manipulator via neuro-fuzzy (NF) dynamic inversion, an inverse model constructed by the dynamic neuro-fuzzy (DNF) model with desired dynamics. The robot neuro-fuzzy model is initially built in the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy framework with both structure and parameters identified through input/output (I/O) data from the robot control process, and then employed to dynamically approximate the whole robot dynamics rather than its nonlinear components as is done by static neural networks (NNs) through parameter learning algorithm. Since the NF dynamic inversion comprises a cluster of reference trajectories connecting the initial state to the desired state of the robot, the dynamic performance in the initial control stage of robot trajectory tracking can be guaranteed by choosing the optimum reference trajectory. Furthermore, the assumption that the robot states should be on a compact set can be excluded by NF dynamic inversion design. The system stability and the convergence of tracking errors are guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory, and the learning algorithm for the DNF system is obtained thereby. Finally, the viability and effectiveness of the proposed control approach are illustrated through comparing with the dynamic NN (DNN) based control approach. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.