Purpose
This study is an effort to explore a relationship between benefits of schemes (BoS) on the job satisfaction among handloom weavers. The weavers who are engaged in this work however face lot of challenges in terms of remuneration and working conditions. The government has been immense with various schemes that cater to the work-related problems. This paper aims to understand whether work-related support can be a predictor for job satisfaction in this context.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey design was used where 335 handloom weavers randomly participated in the study. Questionnaire was administered and scale was developed and validated for the measurement of BoS by using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The effect of the benefits on the job satisfaction was investigated by using structural equation modelling on AMOS 21 platform.

Findings
The outcome suggested that the BoS significantly affects the job satisfaction and a possible predictor. This which was indicated by the value of r^2, i.e.0.38 at significance level p < 0.001.

Research limitations/implications
The study suggests a method for analyzing the schemes/policies in the light of the benefits that schemes intend to deliver. This would help in making suitable modifications in the schemes order to have wider outreach and large-scale inclusion of the beneficiaries.

Practical implications
The study can be useful for the policymakers to further strengthen the features of the schemes. They might work in direction of inclusion of more handloom weavers in the framework of the schemes.

Originality/value
The effects of the work-related policies on job satisfaction is still in nascent stage, so this work is all about exploration in that area.


The Cognitive Interview (CI) is a well-established protocol for interviewing wit- nesses. The current article presents a study space analysis of laboratory studies of the CI together with an empirical meta-analysis summarizing the past 25 years of research. The study space comprises 57 published articles (65 experiments) on the CI, providing an assessment of the boundary conditions underlying the analysis and application of this interview protocol. The current meta-analysis includes 46 pub- lished articles, including 20 articles published since the last meta-analysis conducted a decade earlier (Kohnken, Milne, Memon, & Bull, 1999). Reassuringly for prac- titioners, the findings of the original meta-analysis were replicated with a large and significant increase in correct details and a small increase in errors. In addition we found that there were no differences in the rate at which details are confabulated. Importantly, the effect sizes were unaffected by the inclusion of recent studies using modified versions of the CI. The CI appeared to benefit older adult witnesses even more than younger adults. We highlight trends and gaps in research and discuss how our findings can inform policy and training decisions. The Cognitive Interview (or CI) is perhaps one of the most successful developments in psychology and law research in the last 25 years. It is a method that comprises a series of memory retrieval and communication techniques designed to increase the amount of information that can be obtained from an interviewee. The CI was initially developed 25 years ago by psychologists Ed Geiselman and Ron Fisher as a response to the many requests they received from police officers and legal professionals for a method of improving witness inter- views. It is based upon established psychological principles of remembering and retrieval of information from memory, and empirical laboratory research on the CI has documented its ability to dramatically improve the number of correct details while only slightly increasing the number of incorrect details (Schrieber & Fisher, 2006; Kohnken et al., 1999; Memon, 2006). Field tests of the CI have also indicated that police officers trained in its techniques gain more information and


A FREQUENCY TRANS DUCER recently developed uses a circuit that converts frequency into d-c millivolts. Any standard d-c millivoltmeter, either indicating or recording with dial or paper marked in cycles, may be used to measure its output, thus simplifying and broadening the scope of frequency meters.


The independent,dynamic connection way based on nodes offered by P2P,will overthrow the former distribution rule of calculat- ing resources in enterprises,give network more flexibility,resolve the congested problem puzzling the concentrative calculation mode.The techno- logical character of using the resource of edge in the network link reciprocally,determines that P2P solution has incomparable superiority,makes us have to believe that all enterprise network will develop into P2P network finally in the future.


The effect of cytoplasmic polyamines on peribacteroid membrane transport processes in soybean (Glycine max L.) was investigated. The concentration of free polyamines in soybean nodule cytoplasm has been estimated by others to be in the micromolar range. The H+ -ATPase was inhibited by 37 and 54% by 200 µM spermidine and putrescine, respectively. Spermine applied to the cytoplasmic face of the peribacteroid membrane was found to inhibit both inward and outward currents through a non-selective cation channel permeable to ammonium (K d 2.1 µM at –100 mV). Malate transport into intact symbiosomes was reduced by 15–30% by 15 mM spermidine, cadaverine and putrescine. A non-specific stimulation of malate transport by polycations was found to occur at concentrations in the micromolar range. The results suggest that polyamines can affect all the peribacteroid membrane transport processes tested. In particular, we conclude that the combined inhibitory effects of polyamines on the ATPase and the ammonium channel have the potential to reduce nitrogen supply to the plant in vivo. The possibility of competing polyamine and ureide synthesis in the nodule is discussed.


Extended shelf life refrigerated pasteurized foods are foods that have received a mild heat treatment in hermetically sealed packages, or heated and packaged without recontamination and that require refrigeration. These products have an enhance but limited shelf-life. The balance between extension of shelf life, microbiological safety, fresh-like appearance and high nutritional value must be assesed. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of fat content of extended shelf life refrigerated pasteurized fish on heat survival of some microbial groups (mesophilic, psychrotrophic, Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococaceae and anaerobes) and their control during chilled storage for 3, 20 and 45 days. An increase of fat content is associated to a significant decrease of moisture content. Higher fat levels in all products resulted in fewer microbial reductions. Bacterial cells suspended in fat are typically more difficult to destroy than in an aqueous medium due to reduction in water activity.


Exoderm is a newly developed chemical deep-depth peeling method that has been shown to exhibit excellent results in the treatment of a broad spectrum of aging-skin defects. The new formula is devoid of common undesired effects, such as cardiac arrhythmias, long-lasting erythema, depigmentation, and scar formation. Our experience with more than 4000 patients attests to the safety of the method. Exoderm compares favorably with other surgical and nonsurgical procedures for facial rejuvenation.


The highest reported transformation efficiencies for Schizosaccharomyces pombe of 1 x 105 to 106 colonies per Ag of DNA have been achieved by a highly efficient cation method (1) and by the addition of lipofectin to protoplasts (2). I have developed a method of S. pombe transformation by electroporation, based on a similar method for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3), that achieves high efficiencies but requires less time, no special media, and no heat shock step which may be detrimental to temperature sensitive strains. Electroporation of S. pombe by this protocol involves very little manipulation and can be completed in one hour starting from log phase cells. Previously, it was shown that S. pombe could be transformed by electroporation with efficiencies of 1 -8 x 103 transformants per ,^g of DNA (4). Typical efficiencies by the method reported here have been 1 x 105 to 106 colonies per ixg DNA.


The invention provides an allotypic component formation method, which comprises the following steps: a view framework is created, and equal internal memory spaces are distributed to each view in the view framework; a die assembly diagram is selected; an area where the figure of the allotypic component is positioned is selected, the figure is required to form the allotypic component, and the selected area is filtered to obtain the figure; whether the figure is an enclosed figure is determined; if the figure is an enclosed figure, the figure is decomposed into a plurality of independent and unconnected lines; the decomposed lines are combined into a plurality of complex lines; the identifiers of the complex lines are written in the internal memory space of the corresponding view; the view attributions are written in the identifiers of the complex lines; the attributions of the component are set; the component attributions are written in the identifiers of the complex lines to form the allotypic component. The invention also provides an allotypic component formation system. The figure of the allotypic component can be identified, and corresponding component attributions are added into the figure by utilizing the invention, and thereby the allotypic component is accurately formed.


Purpose – Whilst all models of the entrepreneurial process identify the role of networking as important at both the start‐up and developmental stage of a business latterly these models have expanded the notion of networking and embraced the concept of social capital. However, much of the literature on measuring social capital has focussed on the quantity of social capital within a given geographical space. This paper seeks to expand this research by examining the depth and richness of social capital for new venture creation and thereby identifying the impact of social capital in new venture creation.Design/methodology/approach – Current research has tended to be quantitative, for example the World Values Survey. However, 2001 there is a need to explore the value of social capital in the entrepreneurial process. This paper presents a critical review of the existing literature on measuring social capital in the entrepreneurial process. It is anticipated that the research will reveal rich, contextual informa...


The present invention relates to an electronic display device and an information display method of same, the electronic display device enabling recognition by means of tactile sensation or three-dimensional visual recognition with respect to an object.


In this review, the authors summarize school counseling outcome research published between 1988 and 1995. Gysbers and Henderson's (1994) comprehensive developmental guidance model served as the organizing model through which the status of empirical literature regarding school counseling is examined. Results indicated that research focused more on remediation activities as compared to preventive interventions. This review found tentative support for career planning, group counseling, social skill training activities, and peer counseling. Practical implications and future research direction are drawn from these conclusions.


An RP-HPLC method was established for determination the contents of the palmitate PM1 of the synthetic production of the ginsenoside compound K.The analysis involved a column packed with ODS C18.The mobile phase consisted of 100% MeOH,at flow rate of 0.1 mL/min.Peaks were detected at 215 nm.Analytic time was 65 min and retention time of PM1 was 45 min or so.Column temperature was room temperature.It showed that the average transformation rate of PM1 was 27.59%.The linear ranges of the PM1 was 0.209~13.376μg(R=0.99222).The average recovery rate was 99.49%,RDS 1.74%(n=5).


In order to correlate in vitro enzyme activity with clinical data, several enzymes involved in adrenal steroidogenesis were determined in human adrenal tissue, obtained from patients undergoing adrenalectomy. A) Adrenal hyperplasia due to pituitary dependent Cushing. B) Adrenal adenoma in a patient with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency. C) Normal tissue of the same patient. D) Feminizing adrenal carcinoma. E) Cortisol producing adrenal adenoma.Bovine adrenal tissue and human adrenal tissue obtained at autopsy were used as reference materials. 3β-OH-steroiddehydrogenase (3β) , 11β-hydroxylase (11β), 21-hydroxylase (21), aromatase (Ar) and C17-20 lyase (Ly) were measured, using HPLC-techniques for substrate and product determination. This allowed direct and accurate quantitation of the activity of these steroidogenic enzymes. The results showed a good correlation between in vivo and in vitro data.Among the most interesting findings were: 1) Very low 3β activity in D. 2) Virtually absent 11β activity in B, C and D. 3) Increased 21 and Ar activity in D.4) Undetectable Ar activity in A, B, C and E. 5) High Ly activity in A.


Objective: We aimed to review gastric dysmotility in critically ill children: 1) its pathophysiology, with a focus on critical care diseases and therapies that affect gastric motility, 2) diagnostic methodologies, and 3) current and future potential therapies. Data Sources: Eligible studies were identified from PubMed and MEDLINE. Study Selection: Literature search included the following key terms: "gastric emptying," "gastric motility/dysmotility," "gastrointestinal motility/dysmotility," "nutrition intolerance," and "gastric residual volume." Data Extraction Studies since 1995 were extracted and reviewed for inclusion by the authors related to the physiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic methodologies, and available therapies for gastric emptying. Data Synthesis: Delayed gastric emptying, a common presentation of gastric dysmotility, is present in up to 50% of critically ill children. It is associated with the potential for aspiration, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and inadequate delivery of enteral nutrition and may affect the efficacy of enteral medications, all of which may be result in poor patient outcomes. Gastric motility is affected by critical illness and its associated therapies. Currently available diagnostic tools to identify gastric emptying at the bedside have not been systematically studied and applied in this cohort. Gastric residual volume measurement, used as an indirect marker of delayed gastric emptying in PICUs around the world, may be inaccurate. Conclusions: Gastric dysmotility is common in critically ill children and impacts patient safety and outcomes. However, it is poorly understood, inadequately defined, and current therapies are limited and based on scant evidence. Understanding gastric motility and developing accurate bedside measures and novel therapies for gastric emptying are highly desirable and need to be further investigated.


Aimed at reducing the form factor of LED systems, we presented an innovative concept of a highly-integrated single platform with successful demonstration by integrating a high-voltage LED, driver and inductor through flip-chip bonding.


This paper considers different algorithms for solving the color constancy problem in the block DCT domain. New algorithms in this domain have been proposed by exploiting the advantage of smaller data size and the better chromatic separation of Y-Cb-Cr color space (as used in the JPEG standard) against the R-G-B color space of the spatial domain. These make them faster and less memory intensive compared to their equivalent ones in the spatial domain without any significant degradation of the quality of the results.


The Casimir effect at finite temperature is investigated for a dilute dielectric ball; i.e., the relevant internal and free energies are calculated. The starting point in this study is a rigorous general expression for the internal energy of a system of noninteracting oscillators in terms of the sum over the Matsubara frequencies. Summation over the angular momentum values is accomplished in a closed form by making use of the addition theorem for the relevant Bessel functions. For removing the divergences the renormalization procedure is applied that has been developed in the calculation of the corresponding Casimir energy at zero temperature. The behavior of the thermodynamic characteristics in the low and high temperature limits is investigated.


Operative treatment (CRAFOORD) has given quite a different value to the diagnosis of the coarctation of aortae and its roentgenological picture. In 3 cases so far treated normal circulation was again established by operations, resection of the coarctated part of the aortae and then suturing of the aorta. By this means more or less severe disablement as well as considerable risk for premature death (HAMILTON & ABBOTT) has been eliminated. In 1789 a pathologicc~l-anatomical description was given by PARIS, Prosector of the Hotel Dieu in Paris, of a case of coarctation in the upper part of the descending aorta of an adult with characteristic collaterals. Adult coarctation in this form (fig. 1) develops gradually after birth (BONNET), so that collaterals have time to grow with more or less sufficient circulation even in the trunk and the lower extremities. It will seem as though hereditary factors must be included in the etiology (KLEMOLA): out of four cases nos. 1 and 2 were brothers, as well as nos. 3 and 4. The frequency of the disease is said to vary considerably. Out of 10,000 autopsies carried out at the Sabbatsberg Hospital 3 cases have been met with (A. LINDGREN), which could correspond to 1,500 cases among the Swedish population of 6 million. Clinically the picture is dominated by a praestenotic increase in blood pressure, a decrease in blood pressure in the blood-vessel region for the rest and by the collaterals between these blood-vessel regions. There may, however, be no increase in the blood pressure in parts of the praestenotic blood-vessel region, for instance an arm (KING), which


Emotions run high when it comes to who should and who should not be tested for HIV. Now, as the debate heats up over screening of all pregnant women and their babies, primary care physicians may find themselves caught in the fray. Recent approval of home HIV test kits allows patients to test themselves, but can the results be trusted? Dr. Wong summarizes the contentious issues, looks at the debate from both sides, provides supportive documentation when available, and points out the "knowledge gaps."


In the last decade and half, High Performance Computing (HPC) has acquired continuous huge performance leaps. From 59.7 Gflops for the fastest machine in the world in 1993 on the Linpack benchmark to exceeding the petaflops barrier in 2008, the computational power available to today's applications is unprecedented. Recently, HPC community is increasingly deploying multi-core microprocessors in HPC infrastructures in order to sustain this performance growth. However, the advancement and performance potential of multicore systems comes at a cost in complexity of both the hardware and the software stack. This translates into significant challenges to programming such systems as well as to extracting high performance from them. In our research, we endeavor to investigate novel solutions to the problem of extracting high-performance.
In this dissertation, we advocate for the use of virtualization as an alternative approach to the traditional operating systems for the next generation multi-core HPC. In particular, we investigate rigorously the performance ramifications of paravirtualization for HPC benchmarks and applications. In addition, we investigate an efficient mechanism for shared-memory communication between HPC applications executing within virtual machine (VM) instances that are co-located on the same hardware platform. This system, called Vshmem, implements low latency inter-VM communication mechanism that allows the programmer to selectively share memory regions between user-space processes residing in collocated virtual machines. Our contributions addressed the two limitations of virtualization for HPC software stack and our results revealed that HPC can leverage the power of virtualization as technology trends drive multi-core architectures forward.


In seeking further efficiency in production preparation, it is common to examine assembly sequences using digital manufacturing. The assembly sequences affect the product evaluation, so it is necessary to test several assembly sequences before actual production. However, because selection and testing of assembly sequences depends on the operator's personal experience and intuition, only a small number of assembly sequences are actually tested. Nevertheless, there is a systematic method for generating assembly sequences using a contact-related figure. However, the larger the number of parts, the larger the number of assembly sequences geometric becomes. The purpose of this study is to establish a systematic method of generating efficient assembly sequences regardless of the number of parts. To generate such assembly sequences selectively, a "Tournament Tree," which shows the structure of an assembly sequence, is formulated. Applying the method to assembly sequences of a water valve, good assembly sequences with the same structure as the Tournament Tree are identified. The structure of such a Tournament Tree tends to have fewer steps than the others. As a test, the structure is then applied for a drum cartridge with 38 parts. In all the assembly sequences generated from the contact-related figures, the best assembly sequence is generated by using the Tournament Tree.


Techniques to generate probabilistic decision rules are presented that are used to forecast or measure the competitiveness of companies. Rules estimating the competitiveness of companies are described and the generated rules are then applied to forecast the competitiveness of previously unseen companies. Experimental results show that probabilistic decision rule technique outperforms many other machine learning and statistical techniques in this application domain. These findings are further confirmed in a second application, the classification of credits into either good or bad. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Calotropis gigantea are common weed and known for various medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to screen leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and roots of Calotropis gigantea for the antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of bacteria. The leaf and root extract were obtained by the organic solvents methanol. The methanolic extract of the E. camaldulensis and C. gigantea was studied for its antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella paratyphi. The results obtained from this study inferred that the leaf extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was effectively inhibited the growth of test organism, while Calotropis gigantae did not show the activity which is in combination with E. camaldulensis shows the more activity against all pathogens.


The invention discloses an advance drilling method for a high-pressure water-rich filling cavity, which comprises the following steps: firstly, inwards drilling by adopting a drilling machine of which drill bit diameter is 15 to 30 millimeters more than the preset borehole diameter to obtain a borehole I with the depth of 2 to 3 meters, and then withdrawing the drilling and arranging an orifice pipe in the borehole I; secondly, arranging a T-shaped drainage-proof pipe at the outer end part of the orifice pipe; and thirdly, drilling holes in the high-pressure water-rich filling cavity by adopting the drilling machine, namely during drilling, when an impacter used by the drilling machine is blocked by sand or a drill stem is exchanged, keeping the impacter smooth by adopting a mode of introducing high-pressure water into the borehole to flush the sand in the impacter. The method has the advantages of simple drilling steps, convenient operation, low construction cost and good drilling effect, and can effectively solve various actual problems in the drilling process of the prior advance drilling method for the high-pressure water-rich filling cavity.


We see teaching cybersecurity through hands-on, interactive exercises as a way to engage students. However, we also want to assess how much students are learning from these exercises, and the exercises themselves could be used to assess what students know. Creating new hands-on exercises requires significant preparation on the part of the instructor. As a community we have begun to share exercises and discuss what works and what problems students and instructors have encountered. The purpose of this BOF is two-fold: 1) to continue to bring together instructors who have developed hands-on exercises with those who would like to use them, and 2) extend the discussion to include assessment of student learning. We recognize that few CS programs can afford new required courses, so we will discuss ways to integrate security-related exercises into existing ones. This could include networking, OS, computer architecture, programming languages, software engineering, algorithms and programming (CS0, CS1, CS2). The questions we will ask are, "What exercises have you tried? What are your experiences? What are you looking for? What are the learning goals for your students? How do you assess them?" Recent hiring forecasts indicate that there is still a tremendous need for skilled information security experts. Security is one of the core areas in the ACM/IEEE COMPUTER SCIENCE 2013 Curricula. It is particularly important to share stories from the classroom (what worked and what didn't), discuss ethical hacking, discuss how to teach and evaluate analytical skills, and discuss how we know if we are making a difference. We plan to share experiences, practices and ongoing efforts, including our own (e.g., our teaching experiences, Security Injections, the Security Knitting Kit project, The EDURange project and our dissemination of other infosec interactive exercises such as SEED labs). Both Security Injections and EDURange have features that address assessment.


Abstract Biomass burning (BB) emissions and their atmospheric oxidation products can contribute significantly to direct aerosol radiative forcing of climate. Limited knowledge of BB organic aerosol chemical and optical properties leads to large uncertainties in climate models. In this article, we describe the experimental setup and the main findings of a laboratory BB study aimed at comprehensive optical, physical, and chemical characterization of fresh and aged BB emissions. An oxidation flow reactor (OFR) was used to mimic atmospheric oxidation processes. The OFR was characterized in terms of OH⋅ production rate, particle transmission efficiency, and characteristic lifetimes of condensible compounds. Emission factors (EFs) of main air pollutants (particulate matter, organic carbon [OC], elemental carbon [EC], carbon monoxide [CO], and nitrogen oxides [NOx]) were determined for five globally and regionally important biomass fuels: Siberian (Russia), Florida (USA), and Malaysian peats; mixed conifer and aspen fuel from Fishlake National Forest, Utah, USA; and mixed grass and brush fuel representative of the Great Basin, Nevada, USA. Measured fuel-based EFs for OC ranged from 0.85 ± 0.24 to 6.56 ± 1.40 mg g−1. Measured EFs for EC ranged from 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.16 ± 0.01 mg g−1. The ratio of organic mass to total carbon mass for fresh emissions from these fuels ranged from 1.04 ± 0.04 to 1.34 ± 0.24. The effect of OFR aging on aerosol optical properties, size distribution, and concentration is also discussed. Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research


This article examines comparatively legislation on the public-private partnership in the countries of Eurasian Economic Union and the relationship with Model Law "On Public-Private Partnership" adopted within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States. It is argued that the national acts of such countries could be improved and harmonized by developing their categorial apparatus and the extension of permissive regulation of public-private partnership. The legal qualification of an agreement on public-private partnership and other investment contracts with the participation of the State stipulated in other laws is also examined. It is concluded that such agreements comprise not only private, but also public law elements and might be regulated in special legislation containing rules of civil and public law on the basis of balancing private and public interests in public-private partnership.


Ethanol is selectively produced from the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a transition metal carbonyl catalyst. Methanol serves as a solvent and may be accompanied by a less volatile co-solvent. The solution includes the transition metal carbonyl catalysts and a basic metal salt such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal formate, carbonate or bicarbonate. A gas containing a high carbon monoxide to hydrogen ratio, as is present in a typical gasifer product, is contacted with the solution for the preferential production of ethanol with minimal water as a byproduct. Fractionation of the reaction solution provides substantially pure ethanol product and allows return of the catalysts for reuse.


Today's economy is in a permanent change, causing merger and acquisitions and co operations between enterprises (Vogler, 2004). Consequential process adaptations and realignments usually result in systems integration and software development projects. Processes and procedures to execute such projects are still reliant on craftsmanship of highly skilled workers (Greenfield, 2004b). A generally accepted, industrialized production, characterized by high efficiency and quality, seems inevitable. In spite of this, current concepts of software industrialization are aimed at traditional software engineering and do not consider the particularities of systems integration. From the author's point of view it distinguishes itself from traditional software development in various points. The present work, and the subsequent research, will therefore focus on the implementation of industrialization concepts in the area of systems integration. The present paper briefly describes the idea of software industrialization, depicts current concepts from science, discusses the particularities of systems integration and suggests further areas of research. The objective of the suggested research should bring the area of systems integration closer to an industrialized production, allowing a higher efficiency, quality and return on investment.


This article elaborates the functions of the ozone water in the technique of the thin film transistor manufacture are not only cleaning but also the formation of oxided film. In the thin film transistor manufacture,the technique introducting ozone water is benificial to strengthen the technique's controllability,increase ohm contact,fall down the quantities of defects,and enhance the end product rate.


The invention discloses a method for realizing data classification of a simulation-field computer on the basis of a magnetic field. The method comprises the steps of: selecting M1*M2 points on a magnetic conducting medium film to arrange probes vertically; from the arranged probes, selecting k2 probes as magnetic field construction input points, selecting k1 probes as data input points, and selecting one probe as a data output point; generating n2 k2-dimensional constructing data Oj(k2) at random, wherein j is equal to 1, 2L Ln2, and each constructing data can construct one simulation-field computer; respectively selecting n1 data from each type of data of Qi(k1) as input data; determining the density of current input to the magnetic field construction input points by each dimensional value of the constructing data, determining the density of current input to the data input points by each dimensional value in the input data, and acquiring a magnetic-field intensity value or magnetic-induction intensity value from the data output points as an output value; and carrying out verification on the constructing data, and selecting the optimal constructing data to acquire a simulation-field computer and further realize data classification. Due to adoption of the method, the speed of data classification is high and the accuracy is high.


Species differences in sensitivity to ozone damage in the vegetation of the San Bernadino Mountains in southern California are discussed. Pinus ponderosa and P. Jeffreyi are affected while P. Coulteri, P. Lambertiana, Lebocedrus decurrans and chaparral species appear resistant. The San Bernadino Mountains are located east of the Los Angeles basin and are generally above the smog layer, but by late afternoon the inversion rises and smog moves east so that ozone levels in the mountains increase. Ozone levels are especially high in summer. The ozone enters the leaf by diffusing through the stomates, thus the susceptibility should be related in part to diurnal and seasonal patterns of stomatal activity. The hypothesis that the ozone sensitivity of coniferous tree species in the San Bernadino Mountains is related to the plant water relations controlling diurnal patterns of stomatal behavior through the year was investigated and results are reported.


The Breeddiep is a connecting waterway between the Nieuwe Waterweg and Calandkanaal, in the west of the Rotterdam port area. It is predominantly used by inland vessels travelling from the hinterland to the Maasvlakte, in the utmost west part of the port. It is a narrow waterway in a dynamic environment with respect to tidal and fluvial currents. Because of this, the manoeuvres of the ships are difficult and time consuming. In the future, the number and size of the inland vessels will increase and as a result the current Breeddiep will not suffice anymore. In this project the feasibility of the possibilities of redesigning the Breeddiep were studied, as to enable for handling the increased traffic of the future. This was achieved by doing two- and three-dimensional flow studies for different design alternatives with the flow models WAQUA and TRIWAQ. In the following phase, the most promising results were used as input for fast-time manoeuvring simulations to determine the nautical feasibility of a new design. The alternative used in the nautical study comprised of a new waterway just west of the present Breeddiep, which stayed as it is. The results appeared to be quite promising. For ships that currently make frequent use of the Breeddiep, the manoeuvre will become easier and safer. In most cases, vessels of increased size, that are not able to use the present Breeddiep, are able to use the newly designed opening. Furthermore, large sea-going vessel that pass by the Breeddiep, are not significantly influenced by the increased flow at the Calandkanaal. The results of this study have not led to an optimised design for a new Breeddiep. Nevertheless, recommendations can be done for the follow-up of the study. Since all traffic will be safer through a new Breeddiep it is advisable to study the consequences of closing the present Breeddiep. Furthermore, it is recommended to carry out full-mission real-time simulation for the manoeuvres that were found to be critical in this study.


This paper discusses the current state ofthe art ofresearch and future trend ofresearch activity towards achieving mechanisms and technology for useful implementation of efficient snake robots. Snake robot is meant to mimic motion of a natural snake, which does not possess any limb. Natural snakes can undergo wide range of motion and are able to move over rough terrains without the danger of entanglement. Slender str-ucture of the snake body he$s a snake to go inside narrow holes. Thus a snake robot able to mimic these features of a natural snake will be of exbeme use in handling search and rescue operations, minimal invasive surgery and inspection ofpipeline defects in petochemical industries. Snake robots, though seem to be a promising soiution to wheel less locomotion, and hyper redundant robot mechanism in locating difhcuit to reach location, could not receive scieritists? interest due to the involvement of multiple disciplines that require integration under some common umbrellaDue to the evoiution of Mechatronics as an Engineering discipline during the last two decades, promising solutions to"'snake robot design are gradually coming out.


The study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of depigmentation and the search for adequate combined methods of treating patients with vitiligo is one of the most urgent areas of modern dermatology; the study was carried out on the basis of the regional dermatovenerological dispensary. The study was conducted between 2019 and 2020. We conducted a randomized comparative study of seventeen male patients with extensive depigmented spots on the face, which were snow-white when viewed with a Wooden Lamp, with a clinical diagnosis of vitiligo, and they were examined at the regional dermatological dispensary in the city of Samarkand. These patients suffered from chronic vitiligo that remained stable for 3-10 years.


Using media with extremely low group velocities one can create an optical analog of a curved space-time. Leonhardt and Piwnicki have proposed that a vortex flow will act as an optical black hole. We show that although the Leonhardt - Piwnicki flow has an orbit of no return and an infinite red-shift surface, it is not a true black hole since it lacks a null hypersurface. However a radial flow will produce a true optical black hole that has a Hawking temperature and obeys the first law of black hole mechanics. By combining the Leonhardt - Piwnicki flow with a radial flow we obtain the analog of the Kerr black hole.


The invention discloses a collision avoidance system and an automatic braking method of an electric automobile. The collision avoidance system comprises an information collecting module, an information processing module, an intelligent decision making module, a regenerative braking module and a mechanical braking module, wherein the information collecting module is used for real-timely collecting the distance between the electric automobile and a front vehicle or an obstacle and a current running speed; the information processing module is used for real-timely calculating rear-end time of the electric automobile and the front vehicle or the obstacle, regenerative braking safe time and mechanical braking safe time; the intelligent decision making module is used for deciding whether normal running is continuously kept or whether a regenerative braking mode is started or whether a combined braking mode of the regenerative braking mode and a mechanical braking mode is started according to the rear-end time of the electric automobile and the front vehicle or the obstacle, the regenerative braking safe time and the mechanical braking safe time; the regenerative braking module is used for starting regenerative braking for the electric automobile according to a regenerative braking mode starting signal provided by the intelligent decision making module; and the mechanical braking module starts mechanical braking for the electric automobile according to a combined braking mode starting signal provided by the intelligent decision making module.


Six different species of trematodes were recovered from the opossum Didelphis virgin- iana from Florida. Of these one is a new species, namely Brachylaima didelphus sp. n., characterized by having vitellaria extending from the level of pharynx to the hind end of the body. Rhopalias macracanthus Chandler, 1932 is redescribed to show differences in the body size and size of various organs; the absence of seminal receptacle; presence of separate male and female genital pores, and the presence of gland cells on either side of prepharynx with their ducts opening in the proboscis sacs. The other four species recovered are: Parascocotyle lageniformis, the first record from Opossum; Didelphodiplostomum variabile; Fibricola cratera; and Neodiplostomum lucidum. During 1966-1967, nine opossum, Didelphis virginiana Kerr, from Leon Coun- ty, Florida, were examined for helminth parasites. Six different species of trematodes recovered from the intestine are reported here. Of these, one is a new species, another is redescribed to show certain variations, and for a third, a new host is reported. The trematodes were studied alive as well as in whole mounts after fixing in hot AFA and staining in Semichon's carmine or aceto-alum carmine. For sections, specimens were fixed in hot Bouin's fluid and stained in hematoxylin and eosin. All measurements are in micrometers unless otherwise stated.


A novel double Y shift 30° PMSM series-connected system driven by a single inverter is presented. To realize the decouple control of the two series-connected PMSMs, SVPWM-DTC control strategy is proposed to generate required fundamental waveform and without any unwanted high-order harmonics.The selected and calculated methods of voltage vector and different working plane are presented respectively. The simulating research with variable load under MATIAB/Simulink is given, the favorable performances and feasibility of the proposed SVPWM-DTC control strategy are verified.


(1885). LXII. On the velocity with which air rushes into a vacuum, and on some phenomena attending the discharge of atmospheres of higher into atmospheres of lower density. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 20, No. 127, pp. 531-544.


Captain James Cook was killed by the Hawaiians in 1779.The Europeans traditionally attribute his death to the native's savage nature.But the explanation is powerless before the strange phenomenon that Cook was treated and worshiped by the islanders as a god for a long time just after his death.Can it be explained in a more reasonable way? The answer may lie in the Hawaiian society itself:its religion and customs at that time.When Cook encountered the Hawaiians,the native culture and the western culture exchanged in an relatively equal way.The former gained even more subjective status to a certain extent,because the colonialists were absorbed in and understood by the native culture rather than treated as heterogeneous people.Study on Cook's death enlightens us to further probe the mode of first contact between heterogeneous cultures.


This paper presents the design, implementation, and usage details of ARCADE, an extensible workbench for supporting the recovery of software systems' architectures, and for evaluating architectural change and decay. ARCADE has been developed and maintained over the past decade, and has been deployed in a number of research labs as well as within three large companies. ARCADE's implementation is available at https://bitbucket.org/joshuaga/arcade and the video depicting its use at https://tinyurl.com/arcade-tool-demo.


Population genetics is a scientific discipline that has extensively benefitted from mathematical modelling; since the Hardy‐Weinberg law (1908) to date, many mathematical models have been designed to describe the genotype frequencies evolution in a population. Existing models differ in adopted hypothesis on evolutionary forces (such as, for example, mutation, selection, and migration) acting in the population. Mathematical analysis of population genetics models help to understand if the genetic population admits an equilibrium, ie, genotype frequencies that will not change over time. Nevertheless, the existence of an equilibrium is only an aspect of a more complex issue concerning the conditions that would allow or prevent populations to reach the equilibrium. This latter matter, much more complex, has been only partially investigated in population genetics studies. We here propose a new mathematical model to analyse the genotype frequencies distribution in a population over time and under two major evolutionary forces, namely, mutation and selection; the model allows for both infinite and finite populations. In this paper, we present our model and we analyse its convergence properties to the equilibrium genotype frequency; we also derive conditions allowing convergence. Moreover, we show that our model is a generalisation of the Hardy‐Weinberg law and of subsequent models that allow for selection or mutation. Some examples of applications are reported at the end of the paper, and the code that simulates our model is available online at https://www.ding.unisannio.it/persone/docenti/del-vecchio for free use and testing.


This study was undertaken in southern Ethiopia to evaluate impacts of drought and pastoral's coping strategies in southern Ethiopia. With multi-stage sampling method, 199 respondents' households were selected. The survey results show that drought has severely affecting the livestock resource basis of the pastoralists. Especially, the water sources for livestock; pond and deep well; dried out during pick drought season besides the degradation of rangeland resources. Beyond pastoral focus strategy, however, revision of pastoral policy need a special attention to reduce the susceptibility of pastoralists to recurrent drought. Especially, development of viable pastoral strategy for drought need strong and urgent linkage with other development and research actors to invert the socio-economic and ecological devastation of the drought. Keywords: Borana, coping strategies, destocking, Drought, drought impact, pastoral, trade off


The possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) linked to the heterologous desensitization of histamine H1 and other receptors was investigated. Receptor activators, such as ATP, PAF, and bradykinin, or calcium ionophore A-23187 were employed for study in the cultured C6 glioma cells. Cells were loaded with the calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 and increases in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca^(2+)](subscript i)) were monitored in response to histamine H1 or other receptor activations. Histamine stimulated the release of Ca^(2+) from intracellular Ca^(2+) stores and Ca^(2+) influx across the plasma membrane. Under pre-activation of PKC with the phorbol ester β-phorbol-12, 13 dibutyrate (PMA, 10 nM), it caused an attenuation of histamine (100 μM), ATP (100 μM), PAF (1 μM), or bradykinin (1 μM)-induced [Ca^(2+)](subscript i) increase. The relative potency order of attenuation was histamine (92.2%) > ATP (83.3%) > PAF (50.2%) > bradykinin (48.0%) > A23187 (0.2%) in the calcium movement. Similar trend was observed in the histamine pretreatment case among these agents. In this study, 100 nM A23187 (its action is independent of protein kinase C activity), was not found to have a heterologous desensitization in histamine- or PMA-induced calcium movement. Hence PKC activator PMA, and its inhibitor staurosporine could cause significant effects on this heterologous desensitization event. It is proposed that PKC phosphorylating the substrate proteins plays an important role in this shortterm desensitization of histamine acting on histamine H1 receptors in the C6 glioma cells. Our data support the claim that PKC phosphorylates its substrate of the inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and decreases the mobilization of [Ca^(2+)](subscript i) in these cells, which linked to homologous or/and heterologous desensitization.


The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the organization of future teachers professional training to work with children with special educational needs. It is noted that the professional training of specialists in this context is studied by various specialists: psychologists and teachers, physicians and sociologists, demographers and philosophers. It is shown that children with special educational needs require an individual approach in the organization of inclusive education in general secondary education, which provides a special organization of the educational process in higher education in the context of training future professionals. Attention is focused on the problems of professional training of future primary school teachers: insufficient development of theoretical approaches to ensure the system of professional training; imperfect professional training of primary school teachers to work in inclusive education; insufficient level of competence of research and teaching staff in higher education; lack of systematic vision of the problem of inclusion and ways to solve it in different educational structures, etc. It is stated that professional training requires the mandatory formation of the readiness of future teachers to work in inclusive education. Recommendations for the formation of professional readiness are characterized, in particular: to ensure full access of higher education seekers and teachers-practitioners to innovative tools of pedagogical activity; to develop and implement educational courses of prolonged action; to involve applicants for higher pedagogical education and teachers-practitioners in conducting research on the search for and development of effective technologies and methods in the context of inclusive education; develop clear action programs for the professional development of primary school teachers, etc. Keywords: professional training; children with special educational needs; future teachers; inclusive education, professional readiness.


In this paper,based on the elaborate information about deep and shallow geophysical data and drill data etc.in Shenyang area the three-dimensional theoretical nonuniform stratum structure model is built up,which accords with the geology and geomorphology in Shenyang(Fushun included) area.The multifunctional commercial software is used to process a great number of the uniform density areas,and the independently developed Spline function modeling method is used to connect the spatial stochastic distribution data for the areas with rare data or nonuniformly distributed data.This model lay a foundation of predicting strong earthquake motion based on active fault.


In this work, we investigate cascaded third harmonic generation in a dielectric metasurface by exploiting high quality factor Fano resonances obtained using broken symmetry unit cells.


Praxis and doctrine agree on the importance of innovation for the competitiveness and profitability of the firm. Innovation is considered as a leverage to start a virtuous circle that improves company performance and, consequently, reduce financial constraints for its development. Being creative is definitely the first mechanism that leads to innovation. Creativity spreads from both the individuals that work in the firm and from the social processes and contextual factors that characterize individual relationships within the company. Relational capital is the second mechanism that brings innovation. Relationships with clients, suppliers, competitors, producers of complementary products, public and private research institutions provide creative elements that, once screened, give rise to innovation. The first mechanism requires the firm to be creative on its own as innovations come directly from within the organization ("closed innovation" model). In the second, the firm must get in touch with potentially innovative ideas coming from outside ("open innovation" model). Doctrine and praxis point out that firms, which do not stop at the first mechanism of innovation, turn out to be more innovative. The paper is structured as follows. In the first part, a theoretical framework is provided, describing the main findings, in the literature, in terms of relationships among innovation, creativity and relational capital. The second part is based on the analysis of two case studies. The first case (Coswell), the very different degree of success (in terms of generated income) of its products seems to be tightly related on how much "relational capital" is "inside" the innovation. In the second case (Pastificio Rana) shows that innovation resulting from relational capital allows the company to excel against its far bigger and financially superior competitors.


Lack of physical activity presents substantial health risks to older adults living in residential aged care facilities. The objective of this review was to examine the suitability of physical activity outcome measurement instruments among cognitively sound residents.


The theory of mean field type control aims at describing the behaviour of a large number of interacting agents using a common feedback. A type of problems that have recently raised a lot of interest concerns congestion effects. These problems model situations in which the cost of displacement of the agents increases in regions where the density is large (as, for instance, in crowd motion). We obtain existence and uniqueness of suitably defined weak solutions for a system of partial differential equations arising in this setting. The solutions are characterized as the optima of two optimal control problems in duality. To solve numerically this problem, a monotone finite difference scheme is proposed and shown to have a variational interpretation. Then an augmented Lagrangian is defined and an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers is proposed for solving the latter variational problem. Two kinds of boundary conditions are considered: periodic conditions and boundary conditions associated to state constrained problems which allows one to model more realistic situations. Various test cases and numerical results are presented.


Although nursing theory developed in the modern Western scientific tradition has universal aspects, it is important to consider the different philosophies, beliefs and cultures of each different society to enrich the perspective and practice of nursing that is more sensitive to the patient's background. As supported by the Transcultural Nursing Theory, in treating patients a nurse needs to pay attention to and respect the cultural preferences and beliefs of the patient. In this context, this article wants to contribute by describing the Islamic perspective on nursing in the context of nursing philosophy. Methods: This literature review uses articles published from 2018-2022 with source from databased ScienceDirect, Scopus, Sage Journals, EBSCO-Host, Springer Link, and ProQuest. The keywords used are Islamic, perspective, nursing, caring. Article selection follows PRISMA flow. Results: This systematic review have a total of 8 articles meet the criteria for analysis. This article has relevance both in Muslim-majority countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Middle Eastern countries, as well as countries where Muslims are a minority. We found 8 articles presents a number of opinions or research results that examine nursing issues and those related to it from an Islamic perspective. From a number of opinions and research findings studied, it can be concluded that although it can be said to offer universal core values, the Islamic perspective has fundamental differences with Western nursing philosophy or theory, especially in terms of the source of knowledge, the basic view of humans, and the importance of spirituality in nursing. Keywords: nursing, philosophy, Islamic


This article was aimed at assessment of selected factors of the work environment, which influenced the operators of harvesters and forwarders. The selection of the work environment factors was based on a thorough literature survey. From the survey exposure to whole-body vibrations, noise (equivalent and peak), microclimatic conditions and mental load were selected for detailed observations. The measurements were conducted according to international standards and assessed according to European or national legislation. Subjective assessment of the effects of the work environment was conducted through a structured interview. The exposure to whole-body vibrations was 0.5 m·s–2. The equivalent noise exposure was 78 dB, peak noise exposure was 130 dB. The average temperature inside the machine cabs was 17.9°C and average airflow velocity was 0.06 m·s–2. Mental load was high according to the Meister questionnaire, three operators considered the load inadequate, two considered it adequate. Subjective assessment showed that operators considered other factors to be light or no load.


This research aims to determine the mathematical understanding ability of junior high school students about the Two-Variable Linear Equation System (SPLDV) during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Subjects in analyzing the mathematical understanding ability of junior high school students were grade IX students. The research was conducted at the beginning of the odd semester of the 2020/2021 school year in Bandung. The instrument in this study was a written test consisting of 4 essay questions that were given online via a google form. Each question represents indicators to be measured. The indicators measured are defining a concept, indicator of identifying and making example and non-example, indicator of using, utilizing, and choosing appropriate procedure and indicator of applying concept or algorithm toward problem-solving. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the level of students' mathematical understanding ability for each indicator could be achieved well. However, especially for an indicator of applying concept or algorithm toward problem-solving, students have not been able to interpret the problem.


A thorough operations analysis and simulation was developed for the Newark City Subway pursuant to the development and recommendation of a cost-effective replacement train control system fot the entire city subway system. The existing wayside signal system, although maintained to a good state of repair, was antiquated. Newark City Subway expects to replace its existing fleet of cars by Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs), and it was considered doubtful that the existing signal system could provide adequate operating safety for the new vehicles without substantial modifications. This article looks at the decisions made in the choice of a new train control system that is safe, reliable and cost-effective.


A flexible verification environment is introduced that is adaptive for the corresponding NoC architecture. We will describe the method using the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) to create a reconfigurable and scalable platform to facilitate the early verification and validation of the NoC system.


This paper is the first detailed analysis of situation-specific temporal patterning of electric organ discharges (EODs) in a strong electric fish. Using a resident-intruder paradigm EODs were recorded during interactions between dyads composed of Malapterurus electricus (Gmelin) and four different types of fish: (1) conspecifics; (2) large prey-type mid-water fish, goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758) and tilapia (Oreochromis melanotheron, Ruppel, 1852); (3) a sympatric competitor, Polypterus palmas (Ayres 1850) and (4) a larger, threatening catfish, Clarias sp.

An analysis of the EODs emitted showed that in the presence of conspecifics the average EOD volley consisted of a single long-duration, low frequency train of EODs. The presence of the midwater fish (goldfish and Tilapia) elicited volleys consisting of two short trains, and P. palmas elicited long duration volleys with two trains and long inter-train intervals. Finally, an attacking Clarias resulted on average in volleys consisting of two high-frequency trains of EODs. With nonconspecific partner species resident electric catfish emitted volleys with more pulses, more trains that were longer in duration and higher in frequency than the EODs in volleys emitted by intruder electric catfish with the same species stimulus fish.


As the core equipment of wind turbines, rolling bearings affect the normal operation of wind power generators, resulting in huge economic losses and significant social impacts in the case of faults. Most faults are not easily found because of the small vibration response of these rolling bearings that operate in harsh conditions. To address the problem that the fault identifications of rolling bearings are disturbed by the strong noise in wind power generators, an adaptive nonlinear method based on a piecewise hybrid stochastic resonance system with a novel cross-correlation spectral kurtosis is proposed. Then, the vibration signals collected from the fault point of the outer and inner rings are used to clarify the outstanding capability of the proposed method when compared with the maximum cross-correlation-kurtosis-based unsaturated stochastic resonance method. Furthermore, the machine learning method based on the medium tree was adopted to further prove the excellent performance of the piecewise hybrid stochastic resonance system with a novel cross-correlation spectral kurtosis for realizing the efficient detection of rolling bearing faults in wind power generators, which has important innovation significance and practical engineering value for ensuring the safe and stable operation of wind turbines.


Modeling of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels requires directional and temporal channel characteristics at transmitter and receiver terminals. These characteristics influence the correlation properties at the two ends of the MIMO communication link, which have an impact on MIMO channel capacity. We present empirical joint angular-delay probability density functions at 5 GHz frequency range in indoor environment (corridor and hall). Both angles of arrival and angles of departure are studied.


The investigation monitored some haematological and biochemical parameters that characterise iron metabolism in cows during the last month of pregnancy and in their calves during the first three days of life. Haemoglobin and hematocrit were 11.8% and 8.5%, respectively, lower and sideremy was 34.5% higher in the pregnant cows that were cared for improperly, with low protein diets, compared to the cows that received proper diets. The newborn calves from the cows maintained and fed properly had 5.6% and 7.9% values for haemoglobin and, respectively, hematocrit than the calves that resulted from improperly nourished cows. In both categories of calves sideremy had lower values, close to the lower physiological limit, which requires the preventive supplemental with iron of the newborn calves. At birth calves weight was positive correlated with their haemoglobin value and those of their mothers too. Key words : haemoglobin, hematocrit, sideremy, pregnant cows, new born calves


Abstract Laboratory measurements of the electrical conductivity of brine saturated acidic and metabasic rocks were done at confining pressures up to 0.2 GPa, high pore pressures and temperatures of 900°C. Acidic rocks showed conductivities insufficient to explain the lower crustal high conductivity layer. Basic rocks, however, showed conductivities consistent with the high conductivity layer at those temperatures that the layer is thought to possess.


As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to upend the way people move, work, and gather, governments, businesses, and public health researchers have looked increasingly at mobility data to support pandemic response. This data, assets that describe human location and movement, generally has been collected for purposes directly related to a company's business model, including optimizing the delivery of consumer services, supply chain management or targeting advertisements. However, these call detail records, smartphone-mobility data, vehicle-derived GPS, and other mobility data assets can also be used to study patterns of movement. These patterns of movement have, in turn, been used by organizations to forecast disease spread and inform decisions on how to best manage activity in certain locations. Researchers at The GovLab and Cuebiq, supported by the Open Data Institute, identified 51 notable projects from around the globe launched by public sector and research organizations with companies that use mobility data for these purposes. It curated five projects among this listing that highlight the specific opportunities (and risks) presented by using this asset. Though few of these highlighted projects have provided public outputs that make assessing project success difficult, organizations interviewed considered mobility data to be a useful asset that enabled better public health surveillance, supported existing decision-making processes, or otherwise allowed groups to achieve their research goals. The report summarizes some of the major points identified in those case studies. While acknowledging that location data can be a highly sensitive data type that can facilitate surveillance or expose data subjects if used carelessly, it finds mobility data can support research and inform decisions when applied toward narrowly defined research questions through frameworks that acknowledge and proactively mitigate risk. These frameworks can vary based on the individual circumstances facing data users, suppliers, and subjects. However, there are a few conditions that can enable users and suppliers to promote publicly beneficial and responsible data use and overcome the serious obstacles facing them.


This manuscript uses large-ensemble climate simulations to investigate changes of land surface wind speed. Climate simulations are from MPI Grand Ensemble in the CMIP5 framework: a long preindustrial control simulation, historical simulation, future scenarios RCP2.6, 4.5, 8.5, and an idealized simulation with CO2 increase at 1% per year. The use of large ensemble provides the possibility to separate effects of external forcing from those of internal climate variability. The idealized simulation of 1% CO2 increase is used to estimate the effect of CO2-induced global warming (called dynamical contribution in the manuscript), and to deduce a residual term attributable to other contributors (mainly considered as effect of land-use in the manuscript). much conclusions


We argue that whenever the transition between the insulating and superconducting phases of a disordered two-dimensional Fermi system at zero temperature ({ital T}=0) is continuous, the system behaves like a normal metal right at the transition; i.e., the resistance has a finite, nonzero value at {ital T}=0. This value is {ital universal}---independent of all microscopic details. These features, consistent with recent measurements on disordered films, are hypothesized to apply to other 2D transitions at {ital T}=0, such as Anderson localization with spin-orbit coupling, and the quantum Hall effect.


According to the mechanism of nucleophilic addition reaction of carbonyl compound and water, this paper discusses the relation between the form of carbonyl aqua compound as well as its stability and molecular structure of carbonyl compound. It is explained that the stability of carbonyl aqua compound mostly lies on the ups and downs of electronic cloud density on carbonyl carbonaceous atom and that the size of space volume of base group directly connects with the carbonyl group for carbonyl compound.


For the first time, eight floral cDNA libraries (four male viz. ECM01,ECM02, ECM03, ECM04 and four female viz. ECFOI, ECF02, EFC03,ECF04) were constructed from different developmental stages of male and female inflorescences, leaf (ECL01) and fruit (ECFR01) of Calamus manan.The floral libraries were generated to identify floral ESTs that may be developed into DNA markers for sex determination in C. manan. The insert sizes of cDNA clones from ECF02 (18,000 clones), ECM02 (6,359 clones), ECM01(5,000 clones). ECF01 (1,179 clones), ECP03 (5,000 clones),ECF04 (9,108 clones), ECM03 (5,980 clone), ECM04 (5,318 clones), ECL01 (3,840 clones) and ECFR01 (768 clones) ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 kb with an average insert size of 1.0 kb. A total of 1529 floral ESTs generated randomly from the above floral libraries were analyzed and compared against 371 fruit ESTs and 338 leaf ESTs. The floral ESTs were grouped into 4 categories in term of protein matching: (I) significant with known function (49.8%). (2) significant with unknown function & hypothetical proteins (7.8%), (3) not significant (34.1%) and (4) no match (8.3%). Further analysis on floral ESTs from group I yielded 8 categories of functional genes: metabolism (30.4%), protein synthesis (28.0%), organization and cellular function (23.8%), defense and stress regulation (12.6%), flowering (0.4%), development (1.4%) and miscellaneous (3.4%). Meanwhile a major portion of the leaf ESTs (29.7%) were involved in photosynthesis and most of the fruit ESTs had unknown gene function (27%). In addition, 11.3% of the ESTs generated from the fruit, floral and leaf cDNA showed no significant homology to any entry in the Genbank. A total of 3.3% of group I and 2 floral ESTs were floral genes. The floral genes identitied were the MADS box gene 8, protein stamen specific fill. CONSTANS, FRlGIDA, Stigma/stylar cysteine-rich adhesion precursor, flower-specific gamma thionine precursor, anther-specific proline-rich protein and Early Flowering 5.


This work is devoted to investigate the spectral approximation of optimal control problems governed by parabolic equations. By employing a spectral scheme in both spatial and temporal discretizations, the space-time method is used to obtain high-order accuracy in both space and time directions. The optimality conditions are derived, and the a priori error estimates shows the convergence of the proposed method. Numerical tests confirm the theoretical results, and show the efficiency of the method. This work is the first step for our consideration of long-time problems.


This paper presents analyses related to thermal model order reduction based on the Krylov subspaces methodology. The research is carried out for the three-dimensional structure in the form of the cube. In order to determine the temperature distribution inside the structure, the Dual-Phase-Lag heat transfer model of the second order is employed. Then, the methodology of the model order reduction is proposed. The generation of the reduced thermal models is based on the one-sided Arnoldi algorithm. The research presents the comparison of the temperature distribution obtained using full and reduced thermal models for different time instants. Moreover, the relative error values of the full model reconstruction from the reduced thermal model are computed. Apart from that, the simulation times consumed during the solution computation are measured and compared. Finally, the conclusions are included.


— The interest to employ service robots in the care context is increasing due to the aging population. Many studies have examined robot acceptance from various angles, but reports of actual robot usage and the user experiences of professional personnel are scarce. Via an online user experience questionnaire, this study targeted nursing personnel who have used assistive robots in their work. Ten statements, modified after the Almere questionnaire, concerned the respondents' acceptance of robots which they had used. Four different types of robots (robotic therapy animal; rehabilitation/recreational robot; telepresence robot; and patient lifting robot) were each covered separately. Most of the reported robot usage was with the seal robot Paro, and regular use of any robot was rare. The intentions to use and the attitudes towards each type of robot were generally positive. The patient lifting robots were most positively received regarding their usefulness, whereas the interaction with the robotic therapy animals was rated pleasant. Fewer respondents had used the rehabilitation/recreational robots and telepresence robots, which received lower scores than the others regarding many of the studied user experience aspects. In general, more knowledge is needed to make good use of the robots. Furthermore, it seems there are some concerns of the safety of using them. These results show that the initial steps towards employing robots in care work have been taken. There is a lot of underexplored ground between the simple-to-use therapy animal robots and functional patient lifting robots, and the potential and acceptance of those robots is yet to be seen. These results give a baseline for monitoring the service robot acceptance of nursing personnel based on actual robot usage.


This article reports the alarming cases of domestic violence and how the government of Trinidad and Tobago has addressed the problem. During 1990-99 reports showed at least 170 murders: 124 women 36 children and 10 men. Although the law has extended the definition of domestic violence it can do nothing about a community deciding to socially ostracize a woman who dares to speak out. Women are urged to fight back. Remarking on the new package of protective legislation for children and young persons the Minister of Culture and Gender Affairs Daphne Phillips commented that the current domestic violence problem cries out for the placement of gender on the national and international agenda. Women victims often need shelter from violent partners including their children. As such six shelters and 23 institutions have been established to look for abandoned orphaned and abused children. Women stay at the safe house for up to 6 months where their basic needs are met after which they are helped to get new jobs and housing and eventually go on their own.


This article presents the results of the 2nd-year evaluation of an after-school program designed for an extended school day program serving African American middle school students in the city of Baltimore, Maryland (ACCESS-West). This study describes the effects of schoolwide reform especially as it relates to single-gender schools, educating African American males, and extending the school day. The ACCESS-West program goals included improving academic achievement, improving student attitude toward school, decreasing chronic truancy and absenteeism, and increasing parental engagement and involvement. Second-year results reveal that three of the four goals were met but that the interplay between schoolwide reform and implementing the extended-day program had mixed effects on the program. Staffing and administrational changes and high percentages of special needs students adversely affected the program and results. Dedication, commitment, and implementation positively contributed to the outcomes of the 2nd-year results. The results contribute to the growing body of literature and research that continues to investigate the effects of single-gender schools on minority males. The results suggest that the schools need a number of years to establish their areas of staffing, administration, curriculum, and student enrollment before the results they can expect positive results. These results also suggest that providing African American males with an extended-day program that is flexible, yet structured, can provide positive results academically, behaviorally, and with the challenges of parental engagement and involvement.


Starting from the definition of spam,this article analyzes form the perspective of law and economics that the reason for spam emergence lies in gap between private cost and social cost in email sending,as a consequence,spam distributors transform improperly this external cost to concerned ISP and individual recipients.Based on the analysis,several legislative measures are proposed to regulate spasm.


In this paper, we are going to study about recommendation systems. Recommendation systems are typically used by companies, especially e-commerce companies like Amazon.com, to help users discover items they might not have found by themselves and promote sales to potential customers. A good recommendation system can provide customers with the most relevant products. This is a highly-targeted approach which can generate high conversion rate and make it very effective and smooth to do advertisements. So the problem we are trying to study here is that, how to build effective recommendation systems that can predict products that customers like the most and have the most potential to buy.


Microstrip Patch Antenna most widely used in cellular communication due to its useful attractive features such as low profile, light weight, easy fabrication. It is a narrow band, wide-beam fed antenna which is fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bounded to an insulating dielectric substrate [1]. It has various applications. The great advantage of Microstrip Antenna is the flexibility. Microstrip Antenna can take any geometrical shape, however the rectangular and circular structure remains most widely used shapes. In Microstrip Patch Antenna, a good impedance matching condition is required. The impedance matching is done between the line and the patch. This good impedance matching condition can be provided using various feeding techniques. The role of feeding is very important to efficient operation of antenna to improve the antenna input impedance matching [2]. Microstrip Patch Antenna has the variety of feeding technique applicable to them. In this Paper the Microstrip Antenna Design aspects are studied and the comparative study between Line feed, Microstrip feed and co-axial feed, Aperture feed and Proximity feed on a rectangular Microstrip patch Antenna[1][3].


Purpose To evaluate the results of intraocular personalized telescope implantation to improve distance best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in high myopic patients having cataract surgery.


The purpose of this study is to analyze a successful religious non-profit organic certification and marketing organization Tze-Xin Organic Agriculture Foundation (TOAF) in Taiwan. For farmers to be convinced to go organic, they not only need organic farming techniques and management, but also marketing channels. Tze-Xin is one such organization that provides a whole package of services to farmers, including training courses, on-site field management, accreditation, and a sales channel. The idea was initiated by the Buddhist Master Monk RiChang in 1995. By 2009, TOAF already has 60 organic chain shops in Taiwan, offering sales channel for growers and purchasing venue for consumers of organic products. These success factors for Tze-Xin can be attributed to consumer trust of the veracity of its products, the enormous support, and the number of volunteers working at idea of enlightenment and organization's commitment. The root success came from organization's long-term working relationship with growers, so that they were convinced of giving up conventional farming practices and were willing to adopt new organic farming practices. A survey was held and supported a new shop to be established in the Educational Park, which is the base and infrastructure of TOAF, including the largest organic farm in Taiwan and a primary and middle school. Tze-Xin's retailing shops increased so rapidly, won the truth of producers, retention of consumers, the commitment of voluntary workers, and owned brand name and reputation. TOAF had lead and been booming Taiwan's organic agriculture.


A remote laboratory platform enables the learners to access physical instruments at distant location and to perform experiments remotely via the Internet. This paper focuses on a pilot remote laboratory experiment on measurement of scattering parameters (s parameters) by using vector network analyzer (VNA) in the ERRL (European Remote Radio Laboratory) platform. The results of the pilot experiment are presented, and discussed shortly.


In order to obtain the quantitative knowledge on the solubility relations for liquid ammonia systems, mutual solubilities of aromatic hydrocarbons and liquid ammonia were determined at the several ...


Within the framework of the existential-narrative approach being developed by the author, the phenomenon of uncertainty is considered as an essential and inalienable characteristic of the life of a contemporary person and as a fundamental condition for gaining new experience. The focuses of the analysis were: 1) the psychological consequences of a person's inability to stay in uncertainty for a long time, leading to the emergence of metapathologies; 2) the possibilities of using autobiographical narration as one of the available ways of coping with this experience. The emergence of a semantic gap between the requirements of the present situation and the past experience available to a person was argued as a possible psychosemantic mechanism that prevents the individual overcoming of uncertainty. A proven set of therapeutic techniques is proposed for the recovery of semantic connections to cope with uncertainty based on the revision of personal biographical episodes: "hidden resource capacity", "semantic inversion", "prolongation", "alternatives", "heroization", "focus shift", "scaling", "potentiation", "hints", "destruction of stereotypes" .


Simultaneous measurements with the TwoColor emission and Laser-Induced-Incandescence techniques on a diffusion laminar LPG bunsen flame were performed. The acquired images were filtered, perspective corrected and processed via an on purpose made procedure in order to reduce the measuring error. For quantitative measurements of the soot volume fraction and temperature a tungsten lamp calibration method of LII and TC techniques was used. To correct the self-absorption and the laser attenuation through the flame, a correction method was developed by means of the laser extinction technique. Flame temperature distribution measured with the two-color method was validated with the corrected temperature measured with a fast thermocouple along the flame axis. Soot volume fraction were calculated with the two-color emission and LII and a good agreement was found. For quantitative measurements the influence of self-absorption and laser attenuation were found to be not negligible and an error of 12% was found as sum of the self-absorption and laser attenuation along the optical path.


This article is concerned with identifying how contemporary data technology can be used to find and analyse the big amount of case law generated by international courts in a more comprehensive way than that achieved through the traditional manual reading of case law at the core of textbook or doctrinal analysis of judgements. The focus of the article is the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHRs) and its Article 14 + 2 case law, which is studied through the tools of citation network analysis. The resulting findings are then compared to a standard textbook approach in order to show how citation network analysis offers a reliable method in selecting cases for qualitative analysis and drawing information relevant to specific legal issues. The article proposes and eventually advances a new approach to legal research, which integrates quantitative network analysis with qualitative legal (doctrinal) analysis, and shows how this form of analysis enables a study of case law through the recognition of patterns within it that would have otherwise been difficult to identify. Using this approach to advance new insights into the prohibition of discrimination under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the article ultimately offers a new instrument for scholars and practitioners to put into use when considering the future narrative of discrimination law.


The transatlantic divide in the reception of law and economics is difficult to explain. Many factors have been mentioned without perfect success. The influence of legal theory has been unfortunately omitted. This article will show that European legal theory largely paved the way for an economic analysis of law through the clarification of legal language. EAL is certainly excluded as a theory of law, but it is recognized as a theory about law. Moreover, EAL through the lens of European legal theory is in part redefined.


Political philosophy is the historic phenomenon. Philosophers explain that political philosophy mentality has many different opinion. Leo Strauss's category of classic and modern political philosophy tend to recognize in nowadays. In this article have been put out many ideas about period of political philosophy mentality.


Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a X-link disease affecting ~1:3500 boys per year and culminating with heart failure in early adulthood. DMD results from >200 possible genetic mutations on dystrophin. The lack of dystrophin disrupts the anchoring of the cell sarcomere to the extracellular matrix (ECM), affecting the cardiac contraction. With disease progression, in an attempt to mitigate the subcellular defects, the tissue stiffness and ECM composition remodel in association with a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype and fibrosis. Our hypothesis is that disease progression is accelerating because of this remodelling, through a positive feedback loop involving multiple mechanosensing pathways. Here, we use a single-cell assay platform to model the effect of fibrotic remodelling in DMD. This platform allows measuring the force production of single human-derived pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cardiomyocytes (CMs). The substrate stiffness can be controlled to match that of healthy (~10kPa) or fibrotic (~35kPa) tissue. In addition, single iPSC-CMs are patterned in an elongated 1:7 aspect ratio using microcontact printing of ECM protein. This enhances their intracellular structural maturity towards a more mature adult phenotype. This renders our in-vitro model more representative of the human pathology and greatly improves our measurements standardization. Our results show that single iPSC-CMs with DMD mutations have a dramatically reduced ability to produce force on stiffer substrates compared to their isogenic control. This loss of contractile function correlates with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria dysfunction, as well as with other markers of stress response and cellular senescence.We are asking how the remodeling of the ECM stiffness and composition is signaled from the outside-in and affects the progression of the disease phenotype. The further development of our platform and approach will allow for more accurate in-vitro modeling of cardiac diseases and greatly increase our understanding of the underlying biophysics of mechanosensing.


We obtain the reflection matrices for the scattering of elementary magnons from certain open boundaries, corresponding to open strings ending on D7 and D5 branes in AdS5 × S5. In each case we consider two possible orientations for the vacuum state. We show that symmetry arguments are sufficient to determine the reflection matrices up to at most two unknown functions. The D7 reflection matrices obey the boundary Yang–Baxter equation. This is automatic for one vacuum orientation, and requires a natural choice of ratio between two unknowns for the other. In contrast, the D5 reflection matrices do not obey the boundary Yang–Baxter equation. In both cases we show consistency with the existent weak and strong coupling results.


Introduction In Brazil, the feminization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic (HIV) is a reality. This situation illustrates the occurrence of a period in a woman's life, pregnancy. In the HIV-positive co-infections are frequent, given that the virus shares the same transmission routes with other pathogens. In pregnant women, this condition is extremely worrying to consider the possibility of vertical transmission of HIV and other Sexually Trasmitted Infections (STIs) during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. Methods A cross-sectional study, retrospective. Data collection was obtained from medical records. We reported the prevalence of other STIs in pregnant women living with HIV, met in the reference maternity of State Goias, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2013. Results Were evaluated 323 pregnant HIV-positive. Most women (47,2%) were between 25 and 34 years of age, poorly educated (74.2%) and reported being a housewife (75,3%). 281 women (79,6%) reported inconsistent condom use. The overall prevalence of STDs was 14.5% (95% CI 11.02 -18.72). Syphilis was detected in 5.0% (95% CI 2.96–7.75); Condylomatosis in 3.71% (95% CI 2.13–6.38); Trichomonas vaginalis in 0.61% (95% CI: 0.17–2.23). Serological markers of hepatitis B virus infection was present in 1.24% (95% CI: 0.48–3.14). Vaginosis was also identified in 2.17% (95% CI: 2.17- 4.40). Conclusion The substancial prevalence of STIs including syphilis was found among pregnant women HIV-positive in the study. These results show extreme vulnerability of HIV-positive women, which has increased the common obstetric risks of gestational process, the immune compromised. Policies directed to the health needs of HIV-positive women become crucial to prevent maternal-to-child transmission of HIV and other STIs. Disclosure of interest statement The authors report no real or perceived vested interests that relate to this article that could be construed as a conflict of interest.


Record keeping can be seen as tedious and time consuming but by developing supportive, straightforward and easy-tomaintain systems your workload will be easier to manage.


In Reply. —Ms Jung raises important concerns that must be addressed in the ongoing exploration of gender disparities. There has been inadequate study of, and concern about, the role of physician gender in clinical decision making. The Council did not include a full discussion of physician gender in its report because of space considerations. Nonetheless, the Council did not ignore the possibility that physician gender may influence gender disparities and concluded that gender disparities may be mitigated by "increasing the number of female physicians in leadership roles... in teaching, research, and the practice of medicine." The Council did not assume that all physicians are men, and gender bias is not confined to them. In the Weisman and Teitelbaum 1 review cited by Jung, the authors observed that "male and female patients [emphasis added] are perceived differently, but to date there is no evidence that male and female physicians [emphasis added]


This paper elaborates on our work in designing a system for SemEval 2023 Task 12: AfriSentiSemEval, which involves sentiment analysis for low-resource African languages using the Twitter dataset. We utilised a pre-trained model to perform sentiment classification in Hausa language tweets. We used a multilingual version of the roBERTa model, which is pretrained on 100 languages, to classify sentiments in Hausa. To tokenize the text, we used the AfriBERTa model, which is specifically pretrained on African languages.


A substantial literature documents a gender reversal in many aspects of social psychological functioning during adolescence, in which girls fall below boys in domains in which they once enjoyed advantages. This study elaborates upon recent research from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health suggesting that this phenomenon may occur in school attachment, an aspect of educational adjustment. Our analysis of grade 7 through 12 students revealed a gender reversal in school attachment only among whites; although gender differences at each grade level were quite small, the larger differences among girls produced the reversal pattern. Self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and relationships with parents appear to be key factors tied to this reversal but ultimately do not account for grade level differences among girls. We also found that the paradoxical coupling of girls' higher achievement with lower attachment in the upper grades resulted from a weaker association between attachment and achievement among girls than among boys, especially in the upper grades.


Protesters and activists during the Arab Revolutions forcefully attempt to forge an alternative discourse through acts of resistance charged with creative force, utilizing a diversity of mediums to intervene in the stratified spaces of oppression. These "gestures" of protest shift between the symbolic and the "real", generating affective power and effective change. The notion of "gesture" here is understood as an action where the impulse, means and ends of production are inseparable. As Giorgio Agamben argues, "it is only as a gesture in which potential and action, nature and artifice, contingency and necessity, become indiscernible" (137). It's an ongoing act that facilitates, or points towards, a contemporary crisis and the futures beyond it without "neither production nor enactment, but undertaking and supporting" (140). No Time for Art is a series of "documentary" and verbatim performances directed by Egyptian artist Laila Soliman. The series aims to confront its audience with the realities of living under military junta in Egypt, drawing focus to the ongoing violence against civilians. The series is described as being "bare to the bone", offering "raw artistic reactions that aim at preventing history to be rewritten by those who are rewriting it at the moment". The series in its confrontational stance questions the adequacy of art during a time of crisis, since "these times don't need art, or do they?" (No Time for Art). Touching on Agamben's notion of "gesture", this paper looks at the dissolving boundary between art production and political activism and the inseparability between the political act and the creative process. In Soliman's work, I argue, the performance gesture does not necessarily assume a separation from the ongoing battles between civilians and state authority, but it extends them, repositioning them within the ambiguous frame of performance, sustaining a revolution's open-endedness.


A STUDY has shed fresh light on gastric bloat in dogs by showing the condition may not carry as grave a prognosis as first thought. Gastric bloat, or gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV), is an acute and life-threatening condition where the stomach is overstretched and rotated by excessive gas content (see picture). It is often assumed to be fatal. However, the study, which looked into the frequency, risk factors and survival of dogs with GDV, found that, of the dogs that underwent surgical treatment, almost 80 per cent survived. The study, from the RVC's Veterinary Companion Animal Surveillance System (VetCompass), was based on a population of 77,088 dogs attending 50 Vets Now clinics across the UK, between September 1, 2012 and February 28, 2014. Overall, 492 dogs presented with GDV, giving a prevalence of 0.64 per cent. Certain large and giant breeds of dog were found to have a high predisposition for GDV, including the great dane, akita and Dogue de Bordeux. Pure-bred dogs were also found to be more than five times more likely to get GDV compared with cross-bred dogs. VetCompass researcher Dan O'Neill said: 'This GDV study has blown the myth that GDV is almost always a death sentence for affected dogs. Four out of five dogs that were operated on at primary emergency practices survived. This simple statistic alone can change how primary-care vets view the prognosis for GDV cases.' Increasing bodyweight was also strongly associated with increased odds of GDV. Dogs weighing over 40 kg had almost 149 times the odds compared with dogs weighing less than 10 kg. The odds of GDV increased as dogs aged up to 12 years. In the study, of the dogs that presented with GDV, around half of owners chose to pursue surgical treatment, and of these, 79.3 per cent survived to discharge. Caroline Kisko, Kennel Club secretary, said: 'The Kennel Club welcomes research which provides valuable information about the health of dogs of any breed. This study confirms that GDV most frequently affects large and giant breeds, particularly those with a deep chested conformation, and therefore owners of dogs of these breeds should be aware of the risk.' VetCompass works with practices to gather anonymised clinical data. Its studies investigate the range and frequency of health problems in companion animals and identifies key risk factors for common disorders.


In this paper we review the results of our echort to grow layers and low-dimensional structures containing Cd1-xΜnxTe diluted magnetic semiconductor with relatively high values of Mn molar fraction x. A high quality of the structures grown so far is demonstrated by making use of results of several selected experiments. In the case of the epilayers having bulk-like thickness with x > 0.7 we discuss, in particular, the magnetic phase diagram as well as we report on collective spin excitatioii (magnons) observed in Raman scattering experiments. The discussion of the growth of different quantum wells, including rectangular, digital, parabolic and wedge quantum wells, is accompanied by a brief overview of their optical and magnetooptical properties. These results include first measurements concerning magnetic polarons in quantum wells embedded in Cd1-xMnxTe barriers with 0.4 < x < 0.8. Finally, we report on the present status of the search for dimensional effects in the spin-glass phase performed with the use of our specially designed superlattíce structures. PACS numbers: 73.20.Dx, 78.55.Et


The range of high-end servers designed and manufactured by Bull includes cache-coherent distributed shared memory (CC-DSM) multiprocessor systems equipped with an implementation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library for parallel programming. The evaluation of the performances of this implementation will enable, on the one hand, to make the right choices of the hardware architecture and of the software layer at design time and, will provide, on the other hand, the analysis elements necessary for understanding the experimental measures performed when the real machine is validated. In this thesis, we propose and develop a methodology allowing to evaluate the performances of MPI library primitives (send/receive and barriers) by taking into account the hardware architecture. This approach is based on formal methods and consists of three main phases : 1. modeling in the LOTOS language the hardware aspects (interconnection topology, cache coherency protocol) and the software aspects (MPI primitives and benchmark algorithms) ; 2. formal verification of the functional correctness of the model obtained ; 3. performance evaluation after extending the model with quantitative information (data transfer latencies) by using numerical methods and simulation