The Pioneer Venus orbiter neutral mass spectrometer (ONMS) has made measurements of >36-eV ions in the altitude range 1300–3700 km for solar zenith angles greater than 120°. The observations cover a time period from late 1982 to 1989. The superthermal ions form part of the near-tail region of Venus termed the ionotail. The ONMS superthermal ions represent only a small fraction (about 0.3%) of the plasma density in the ionotail region. The composition is mainly O+, but He+, N+, (CO+ + N2+), NO+, and O2+ have been identified. CO2+ is very rarely observed in this region, and H+ is not measured. The average O+ flux is about 105 cm−2 s−1, but higher fluxes from 106 to 108 cm−2 s−1 have been observed about 10% of the time. The directions of the apparent O+ ion flow in the ecliptic plane show predominantly tailward components with a smaller number of nontailward components. Since the energy of the superthermal ions is sufficient for planetary escape, the >36-eV O+ escape flux in the ionotail is estimated to be about 105 cm−2 s−1. Other species observed also have enough energy to escape. The O+ flux data show a factor of 2.5 increase from solar minimum to solar maximum implying a photoionization source for these ions. Neither the origin of the >36-eV ions nor the acceleration mechanism is precisely known. The O+ flux observations do not appear to be correlated with the direction of the "cross-tail" magnetic field as might be expected if the ions were due to the asymmetric pickup of newly ionized atmospheric neutrals above the ionopause. The composition of the superthermal ions in the ionotail suggests that their source is most likely the high-altitude nightside ionosphere where O+ and not O2+ is the dominant ion. Transport of superthermal O+ across the terminator to the nightside has been observed, and measurements in the ionotail region at solar minimum near 2000 km show that O+ is mainly superthermal. Much further down the tail, very energetic (0–8 keV) O+ has been observed as it escapes Venus. Conditions in the lower nightside ionosphere have been shown to be consistent with an upward ion flow. Parallel electric fields or J × B forces associated with the convection of the interplanetary magnetic field through or above the ionosphere have been suggested as acceleration mechanisms in the ionotail. Similar mechanisms have been proposed for the tail region of Mars where energetic molecular ions such as O+ have also been observed and may also be appropriate for Titan if the 28-amu species observed is due to H2CN+.


Research and practice have long acknowledged the importance of managing knowledge as a strategic source for organisational growth, competitiveness, sustainability, and innovation (e.g., Boisot, 1998; Bolisani & Bratianu, 2018; Carayannis et al., 2021; Carlucci & Schiuma, 2007; Grant, 1996; Heisig et al., 2016; Holsapple, 2005; Nonaka & Takeuchi, 2019; Schiuma et al., 2012; Sirmon et al., 2011; Teece, 2007). In today's digital age technological advances have further pushed the need for Knowledge Management (KM) to the forefront. Data "explosion" and the development of advanced technologies are changing the way organisations manage, combine and deploy data, information and knowledge, take strategic decisions, operate their business models, and drive value creation mechanisms to meet diversified stakeholders' wants and needs (Gavrilova et al., 2017). Additionally, the recent fastpaced changes of socio-economic scenario are forcing organisations to ensure optimal utilisation of critical knowledge and search for more efficient and agile approaches to knowledge creation and management (Bratianu, 2020; Bratianu & Bejinaru, 2021). Thus, organisations are rethinking their ways of acquiring or generating new knowledge, applying current knowledge, retaining and storing existing knowledge, sharing and transferring knowledge, and handling obsolete or invalid knowledge. In other terms, they are rethinking their KM systems (KMSs) to face the pervasive digitalisation with its challenges and opportunities and to thrive in the VUCA world. KMS has been conceptualised in different ways over the years. KMS has been defined as a collection of techniques and strategies to analyse, organise, improve, distribute, maintain, and share knowledge and experience in an organisation (e.g., Massingham, 2014; Nainar, 2016; Singh, 2007). Focusing on the tacit or explicit nature of knowledge, KMS has been also described as a system that, through information technology, facilitates the capture, storage, search, transfer and reuse of tacit and explicit knowledge in an organisation and can aid an organisation to transform tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge (Alavi & Leidner, 2001; Wang et al., 2016). Recently, the inclusion of knowledge and KMS within the released ISO 9001 and ISO 30401 (International Standards Organization (ISO), 2015; International Standards Organization (ISO), 2018), has marked a further change for KMS and has provided a long-awaited level of legitimacy also for this management system (Kudryavtsev and Sadykova, 2019; Pawlowsky et al., 2021). According to ISO 30401 (International Standards Organization (ISO), 2018) the purpose of this standard for KM is to support organisations to develop a KMS that effectively promotes and enables value-creation through knowledge. For this reason, an organisation shall establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve a KMS, which is understood as a part of a management system concerning knowledge, where system elements include the organisation's KM culture, structure, governance and leadership, roles and responsibilities, planning, technology, processes and operation, etc. (International Standards Organization (ISO), 2018). Nowadays the development and exploitation of a well-thought KMS are essential to harness the real potential of the digital revolution and allow an organisation to have an integrated strategy and a holistic approach towards KM in the digital era. Moreover, because of the accelerating pace of change in competitive scenarios, organisations have to continuously rethink their KMS, in order to become more and more resilient and respond to unexpected challenges, by properly exploiting opportunities offered by digital technologies. This special issue aimed to attract rigorous research studies from scholars all over the world providing fresh insights about approaches, models, processes, and tools of KMSs for the timely and effective harnessing of the potential of such systems in the digital era. The papers of the special issue could not have been more diverse. This is clearly related to the far-reaching of ongoing various changes in the socio-economic scenario and the comprehensive role of digital technology in influencing and dealing with them. The studies reflect this variety and make the special issue particularly rich. Although the papers deal with many different specific issues and adopt different perspectives of analysis, the underlying theme is the role of KMS and digital technology in helping individuals and organisations survive, adapt to, or even take advantage of this new and more and more unpredictable digital age. The next section presents the synopsis of the papers included in this special issue.


Maize is a feed crop with high nutritive value. However, the production environment for maize is becoming increasingly severe due to labor shortage or the introduction of organic stock farming. The aim of this study is to establish a monitoring system to support the production management of a maize field. This study examines the method of forecasting maize yield, feed quality, time required to acquire information on the field, and the platform used for remote sensing. Our aim is to evaluate the maize nutritive component at the time of harvest, using remote sensing. Calibration models to estimate the concentrations of various nutritive components such as moisture, total digestible nutrients (TDN), crude protein (CP), and organic cell wall (OCW) were developed using a dataset consisting of observed concentrations and spectral data acquired from a hyperspectral imaging sensor carried in the industrial unmanned helicopter. Prior to obtaining the calibration models, the samples were divided in half as calibration (n = 30) and validation (n = 30) datasets. Calibration models were obtained using partial least squares regression (PLSR) to estimate the maize nutritive composition. The estimation accuracy of the calibration models was examined by applying cross validation, and the evaluation index (EI) method was applied for evaluating the practicality of the calibration model. The EI evaluates the standard deviation of prediction (SDP), and can provide relative evaluation among different components. Five ranks are used: (A) very high (EI, 50.0%). A calibration model has practical accuracy when its EI rank is A, B, or C at less than 37.4%. And the coefficient of determination (R2) of the observed and estimated values for calibration and validation was calculated for each model.In the results of the calibration models, the number of latent variables for estimate nutritive components was four for CP, three for moisture, TDN, and OCW. According to the relationship between the observed and estimated values obtained by the calibration model, most samples in the scatter plot of all nutritive compositions were distributed along the 45° line. The predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) was 0.89 (moisture),0.82 (TDN), 0.71 (CP),and 0.75 (OCW), respectively. The R2 values of the calibration for all nutritive compositions were high (R2, >0.70); also, the R2 values of the estimation tests for all nutritive compositions were high (R2, >0.79). In addition, all models were ranked B by the EI test, confirming their practicality. In conclusion, this sensing system is a useful technique for estimating the nutritive composition of a maize field.


The ion‐assisted etching of Si with F atoms has been studied over the temperature range from 77 K to room temperature. Separately controllable beams of F atoms and 1 keV Ar+ ions are used in an ultrahigh‐vacuum environment. Neutral etch products are measured with modulated beam mass spectrometry. The ion‐assisted etch rate is seen to increase as the temperature is decreased whereas the spontaneous etch rate goes to zero at low temperatures. The nature of the etch products is essentially independent of temperature over this temperature range. Evidence is presented indicating that the spontaneous etching of Si by F atoms at 77 K is blocked by the formation and condensation of Si2F6.


or even physics (which Wellisch cites as a paradigm of scientific method) could be just as easily written by similar techniques of selection from their literatures. But what purpose would they serve? The outcome of Wellisch's paper, unfortunately, can only be to dcepen and harden the misunderstanding which separates the representatives of the two cultures who necessarily meet, and who should therefore be co-operating, in library and information work. Any information scientist so far uncommitted (as I am) who sees this paper will be convinced that information science can develop into what Wellisch, with disarming innocence, calls a true science, if and only if it separates itself as completely as possible from the medieval scholasticism which, it seems, librarians mistake for scholarship. That I share Wellisch's doubts about information science is evidenced by my contribution to British librarianship and itiformation science, 1 966-1 970. But, as I have just persuaded the University of London to set up an M Sc in Information


Liquid flow in blast furnaces has a significant influence on gas flow and pressure drop. Therefore, the stability of blast furnace operations and productivity are affected by liquid flow. In a furnace, liquid flows in a packed bed consisting of coke. Holdup is an important phenomenon in packed bed flow. It changes with the variation of the packed bed structure and the physical properties of the liquid. In this study, a numerical simulation for packed bed flow is carried out. The effects of a packed bed structure on holdup phenomena were analyzed by the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method.


Plant washing and visual whole-plant search were evaluated for their effectiveness in monitoring populations of thrips (primarily tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)) and aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, in seedling cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Comparisons were made within four early season pest management strategies consisting of 1) TSX, a mixture of terraclor and terrazole (control); 2) acephate-treated cotton seed without TSX; 3) acephate-treated cotton seed + TSX; and 4) aldicarb in furrow + TSX. These four pest management strategies established different levels of pest populations. In the control plots, immature thrips were detected approximately 1 wk earlier with plant washing than with visual whole-plant search. Significantly more immature thrips, aphids, and total pests were found with plant washing than with visual search. At peak infestation, 63% more immature thrips were observed using plant washing than were recorded using visual search. As recorded by plant washing, suppression of immatures by treatment was 78.9, 80.5, and 94.5% in the treated plots, respectively. Population estimates of adult thrips determined with the two procedures were not significantly different. As a pest complex on seedling cotton, a peak aphid infestation occurred 12 d after planting (DAP), adult thrips peaked 20 DAP and the highest number of immature thrips was recorded 28 DAP.


Taub numbers are studied on asymptotically flat backgrounds with Killing symmetries. When the field equations and the linearized field equations for a metric perturbation are solved, such perturbed space-times admit zeroth-, first-, and second-order Taub numbers. Zeroth-order Taub numbers are Komar constants of the background. For each Killing symmetry of the background, first-order Taub numbers give the contribution of the perturbation to the associated Komar constant, such as the perturbing mass. Second-order Taub numbers give the rate of gravitational radiative loss of the background conserved quantity.


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PROBLEM: Are cell adhesion molecules involved in the murine model of immunologically‐mediated spontaneous abortion?
 METHOD OF STUDY: Pregnant CBA/J female mice mated with DBA/2 male mice were injected with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and leukocyte function‐associate antigen‐1 (LFA‐1). On day 13 of gestation, viable and resorbed embryos were counted. Natural killer (NK) cell activity in the spleen, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), mixed lymphocyte‐placenta reactions (MLPR), and levels of interferon (IFN)‐Γ were assayed.
 RESULTS: Significant suppression of fetal resorption was observed by the injection of MAb to ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1. NK cell activity and the MLR anti‐(CBA/J×DBA/2)F1 were reduced in the antibody‐treated CBA/J spleen. Moreover, the level of IFN‐Γ was significantly lower in the MLPR supernatants from the antibody‐treated group than those of the control group.
 CONCLUSIONS: One mechanism in the murine model of spontaneous abortion may be through the interaction of cell adhesion molecules, which may modulate NK cell activities and cytokine production.


As the Asian eye-care market begins to explode, Alcon Inc. is preparing to be close to the action by adding a manufacturing plant in Singapore. The 250,000-square-foot plant, which will employ 150 people, will manufacture pharmaceuticals to be distributed throughout Asia, with the exception of Japan.


The necessity of quantum description of dynamic signals is substantiated. Difficulties and contradictions of modern signal theory are exposed and fundamental differences between quantum concept and central tenets of modern signal theory are shown. It is demonstrated that exact quantum description of dynamic signals contrasts with classical description and leads to all-new considerations of signal theory and linear system theory problems.


We introduce a novel universal refinable trellis quantization scheme (URTCQ) that is suitable for bitplane coding with many reconstruction stages. Existing refinable trellis quantizers either require excessive codebook training and are outperformed by scalar quantization for more than two stages (MS-TCQ, E-TCQ), require a huge computational burden (SR-TCQ) or achieve a good rate distortion performance in the last stage only (UTCQ). The presented quantization technique is a mixture of a scalar quantizer and an improved version of the E-TCQ. For all supported sources only one time training to an i.i.d. uniform source is required and its incremental bitrate is not more than 1 bps for each stage. The complexity is proportional to the number of stages and the number of trellis states. We compare the rate distortion performance of our work on generalized Gaussian i.i.d. sources with the quantizers deployed in JPEG2000 (USDZQ, UTCQ). It turns out that it is in no stage worse than the scalar quantizer and usually outperforms the UTCQ except for the last stage.


Photonuclear research at Saclay is presented. The essential characteristics of the annihilation-in-flight system of monochromatic positrons producing a continuously variable monoenergetic photon beam are also given. Such a monochromatic photon beam was used mainly in photoneutron research, and the experimental results are interpreted in the framework of either microscopic or collective models. Some specific examples extracted from systematic study of the width and integrated cross section of the giant dipole resonance are presented. (FR)


In the last two decades, the strong progression of the port environment forces ports to comply with international standards by taking into consideration global variables and new indicators in order to develop their attractiveness, competitiveness and productivity. Therefore, we opt for the stakeholder theory to develop a model that focuses on the factors, dimensions and indicators that impact the port performance of Moroccan ports, particularly the port of Casablanca. The model constructed is based on a qualitative exploratory study that allowed us to identify twenty-two factors, six key dimensions that influence port performance. Given the complexity of the port system, the differentiation of stakeholders and the diversification of their objectives and strategies, our model aims to take into account the expectations of key stakeholders and performance as a multi-dimensional concept.


The kinetics of renaturation of bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) were studied from 4° to 36°, at the relatively high [CAII] of 4 mg/mL. Following dilution to 1 M guanidinium chloride, aggregate formation is very rapid and reduces the formation of active enzyme. The CAII activity yield at 150 min, 20° (∼60%), is greater than that at either 4° or 36°. However, if refolding is conducted at 4°, aggregation is reduced dramatically and 37% yield is obtained at 120 min. If the solution is then rapidly warmed to 36°, the yield rises rapidly to 95% at 150 min. This is an example of the "temperature leap" tactic. These results can be understood on the basis of two slow‐folding intermediates whose kinetics have been studied. Only the first of these forms aggregates. Kinetic simulations show that, at 4°, the first intermediate is depleted after 120 min, and the second intermediate rapidly isomerizes to active enzyme on warming. A series of experiments was conducted where the initial (120 min) folding temperature was systematically varied, followed by a "leap" to 36° for 30 additional minutes. With initial incubations from 4° to 12°, the final yield is >90%, drops rapidly from 12° to 20°, and decreases more gradually to ∼45% at 36°. The overall results qualitatively fit the simple idea of ordinary temperature‐accelerated reactions in competition with hydrophobic aggregation, which is strongly suppressed in the cold. Qualifications are discussed for the temperature‐leap approach to find application in refolding other proteins.


This paper develops a method for use in qualitative evaluation of forecasts. The method is based upon the traditional contingency table method, but is an improvement over both the 2 x 2 and the 4 x 4 matrices previously used in assessments of forecast turning point accuracy. The 2 x 2 matrix did not account for directional accuracy in turning points; the 4 x 4 matrix overcame that weakness, but it fails to account for no change points. An expanded 9 x 9 contingency matrix allows for complete turning point accuracy evaluation; therefore, it is better suited for forecasting applications using higher-order time-aggregated data.


Objective To investigate the imaging manifestations of the cervical peripheral neurogenic tumors and to assess their diagnostic value. Methods Twenty-two cases of peripheral neurogenic tumors of the neck, including 13 schwannomas, eight neurofibromas, and one carotid body tumor, underwent CT scanning, five of them received MRI at the same time. Results The tumors could be easily identified on CT or MRI because of their special anatomic sites. Based on the displacement of the adjacent structures, such as tissue space, muscles and vessels, the nerves from which the tumor originated could be roughly inferred. The schwannoma presented masses with unevenly low density or heterogeneous signals, which would be more obvious after contrast enhancement. Conclusion CT and MRI are effective for the diagnosis of cervical peripheral neurogenic tumors.


The article offers an approach to the result assessment of the company potential on the basis of the system of imitation models of activity of a company and expert reflexive models of decisions of company stakeholders, which depend on socio-economic relations in a company.


This longitudinal study of 51 incest survivors focuses on the effects of amnesia for victims' survival and recovery. Subjects were surveyed and interviewed four times between 1986 and 1998. They were grouped according to their degreee of memory loss: some had been completely amnesiac until just before the study, some had remembered only some of their abuse or abusers, and some had always known of their abuse. There was also a group of women prisoners who participated in group therapy. Catherine Cameron traces the effects of amnesia, flashbacks, dissociation, and post–traumatic stress through the childhood trauma, the years between abuse and recall, the period of remembering, and years of healing. She links childhood sexual abuse to larger human rights and social justice issues, comparing this private abuse to other forms of trauma of human origin such as combat or living under a repressive political regime.


Consider a mixture of MANOVA and GMANOVA models (due to Chinchilli and Elswick(1985)) in which the expected value of the response matrix is represented as sum of two matrix components concerning the MANOVA and the GMANOVA portions. We consider the estimation problem of the regression coefficient matrices in a decision theoretic way and obtain shrinkage estimators which improve upon the maximal likelihood estimators(mle's).


Computer Vision Syndrome is the complex of eye and visio n problems caused by computer use. I n present scenario children are equally being affected with computer vision syndrome because of excessive exposure to video display terminals. Therefore considering these prospects a clinical trial was carried with 1 0 clinically diagnosed children of compu ter Vision Syndrome. An Ayurvedic procedure (akshitarpana) was carried out on up to 20 min for 7 days. It was observed that a kshitarpana procedure was highly effe ctive in the complaints of computer vision syndrome exclusively related to eyes viz. red eyes, burning eyes, dry eyes, teary eyes, itching eyes, eyestrain and also in headache.


Mannque Rho and Denys Wilkinson 1978/9 Amsterdam: North-Holland Vol I 464 pp price $73.25 Vol II 373 pp price $66.75 Vol III 388 pp price $66.75 (Set $186.25) These volumes are concerned with those aspects of nuclear physics in which the mesonic degrees of freedom of nuclei play a crucial and explicit role. The articles are in general well written and provide an excellent survey which should be of interest to both nuclear and elementary particle physicists.


We analyzed the structures of two mangrove forests of Parana (Brazil) (Antonina Bay and Guaratuba Bay), considering adult trees and regeneration component. In each area, we marked three sub-areas and sampled five plots of 10 x 10 m, equivalent to 0.05 ha to adults trees and fifteen 1 x 1m sub-plots to assess the regeneration component. Avicennia schaueriana, Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa exhibited distinct dominance and relative density between the areas. Mangroves of Antonina and Guaratuba differed both in the structure of natural regeneration as the tree component. The Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) show that differences between areas in relation to abiotic variables of soil are strongly related to the structural parameters of trees. The different types of mangrove soil are the most significant factor in the differentiation between the mangrove areas since influences the salinity values and consequent adaptability of plants.


A method for deriving optic ow using robust statistics is derived and applied to standard test image sequences We compare the performance of our approach against the best results derived from competing methods The method out performs all published methods in terms of accuracy The method is also cheaper to implement than most of the other methods One of the key features in the success of this method is that we use Least Median of Squares which is known to be robust to outliers However the Least Median of Squares is known to be computationally expensive to compute We manage to keep the computational cost very low whilst still retaining excellent performance by using an approximate solution to the Least Median of Squares only in a rst stage that detects outliers The approximate solution is fast and adequately robust as our extensive experiments demonstrate The essential features of our method should be applicable in the solution of a wide range of other problems essentially wherever one solves an over determined set of linear equations


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently identified antagonists of the urotensin–II (U‐II) receptor (UT) are of limited utility for investigating the (patho)physiological role of U‐II due to poor potency and limited selectivity and/or intrinsic activity.


In 2006 Venâncio et al. [1] showed that the aqueous oxidative polymerization of aniline in mild acidic conditions leads to the formation of hollow microspheres (diameter, 1,5 6 μm). By elemental analysis, UV-VIS, FTIR and 1 H-NMR spectra the authors suggested a new structure with linear -N-Nlinkages called polyazanes. However, according to Sapurina et al., the products of aniline oxidation in the interval pH 2,5 – 4 are oligomers with phenazine cycles [2]. Surwade et al. believe that these products are mixtures of Michael-type adducts of benzoquinone monoimine and aniline at various stages of hydrolyses [3]. In order to investigate these apparent contradictions we performed a more detailed investigation using, in addition to the abovementioned techniques, resonance Raman, HPLC-MS, 13 C-NMR and Raman microscopy, comprising products obtained at five different reaction times (5.5, 22, 49, 102 and 171 hs). In Figure 1 are displayed the SEM images of 5.5 and 171 hs reaction time products showing the evolution of oligoanilines organization. Figure 1A and 1B shows the UV-VIS and the pre-resonance Raman spectra of oligoaniline obtained after 171 hs of reaction, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the oligoanilines obtained at other reaction times showed the same spectral patterns. Following the Surwade et al. paper, we synthesized the model compound (AnBzq) obtained by aniline polymerization using p-benzoquinone as an oxidant agent. The UV-VIS and the pre-resonance Raman spectra of AnBzq are presented in Figure 1C and 1D. The comparison of both absorption and Raman spectra shows that in fact, the same chromophore is present in both compounds. This result is supported by 1 Hand 13 C-NMR data.


ABSTRACT This paper reports on the religious beliefs and traditions of Navajo American Indian elders. It reinforces the importance of religion in their everyday lives, and the commitment they have to fulfilling important roles within their culture as American Indian elders. The paper also discusses developing an appreciation of Navajo religious beliefs and particularly honesty, acceptance and understanding. Information for this paper was gleaned from poetry group sessions with older Navajo Indians who were residents of an extended care facility.


The goal of this project is to evaluate the different quality indicators that Airport Security Certifying Companies use at Barcelona-El Prat airport. To do so, I developed two different tools which aim to calculate the performance of X-Ray machine operators as well as making use of the information that is automatically recorded every time someone goes through the metal detectors at the airport security checkpoints. The first tool was developed to address two important problems that I found: an excessive amount of time (money) spent to calculate the performance of X-Ray machine operators and the real chances of a human error in the calculation process. In order to solve these two problems described above I decided to use Microsoft Excel's macros to automate the calculation of the performance of X-Ray machine operators. In this calculation method different variables such as type of filter, passengers or, employees were considered. The results of this automatization are highly beneficial from a management perspective: there's been a reduction of 99.5% in the time spent doing the calculation of this indicator. Before the automatization, it took 16 hours to make this calculation. However, thanks to this new tool the time needed was lowered to only 5 minutes. If we look at these figures in a year basis, numbers are even more impressive. Since this indicator is calculated 15 times a year, a total amount of 30 days of work was needed to make all the calculations, or which is the same, a whole month salary of an employee. With this new tool, the time needed has been reduced to only 75 minutes a year. This reduction by a 99.5% should also lead to huge savings in labour costs. Last but not least, the way the tool was programmed has eliminated any chance of an eventual human error. Airia Ingenieria y Servicios S.A., the company auditing the security of Barcelona-El Prat airport has been using this tool since last April. I spent most of the time of this project developing the second tool, which aims to analyze the passengers flow at the metal detectors (security checkpoints). This application was programmed as well with Microsoft Excel's macros. The application shows the average flow of passengers per hour and per day comparing it with a theoretical capacity of the filters that are currently used. Moreover, the tool also analyzes in a daily basis the performance of the filters during peak hours. This tool could be extremely useful to the airport's operators as well as to the company developing these filters. To use this application it is necessary to generate a specific Ceia NetID report with certain information which both airport operators and the security company have access to. The memory has been written in LaTeX.


An electrically injected silicon photonic crystal microcavity light source operating at room temperature is demonstrated. The active gain medium consists of PbSe colloidal quantum dots which are embedded in the photonic crystal and whose emission peak is at 1.55µm. The resonant modes of the microcavity are observed in the device output spectra.


With 3×105 t biological fertilizer project in Yixian County of Hebei Province as an example,according to general situation of project and area as well as characteristics of soil and water loss,the overall layout of soil erosion prevention and control measures is carried out based on the principle of integrated prevention and control.The design focus of soil and water conservation program is analyzed,soil and water conservation measure design is conducted in different areas,and the efficacy of ecological water and soil conservation measures is evaluated.


The problems of achieving comprehensive coverage of place-name material are discussed and examples from the national
press, journals and popular magazines are given. Relevant material is often buried within other articles. Although 100%
coverage is impossible, more could be done to improve the situation by investigating the range of indexes produced and
rationalizing with, for example, an 'index of indexes'.
Major reference works, bibliographies and archives are also important for place names, but most lack relevant indexes.Greater co-operation between indexers is proposed.


3D printing and 3D scanning are increasingly used in archeology and in cultural heritage preservation. These 3D technologies provide museum curators, researchers and archeologists with new tools to capture in 3D ancient objects, artifacts or art pieces. They can then study, replicate, restore or simply archive them with much more details than traditional 2D pictures. It is even possible to 3D scan entire archeological sites to get a full 3D mapping. Iraq is too rich in ancient cultural heritage but unfortunately much of the hundreds of thousands of artifacts remain in archives of the museums worldwide. Having the exact copies of these ancient artifacts will allow the audience here to learn more about our heritage. The Center of Preserving of the Cities Heritage and Identity (CPCHI) at International Energy and Environment Foundation (IEEF) started a roadmap in preserving our ancient history with 3D scanning, 3D virtual reality, and 3D printing technologies. As part of the project create high-quality 3D replicas of our cultural heritage, which are located in our museums and sites, and most of them are spread around the world, and then exhibit it in several venues throughout our country Iraq. Promising results were obtained in this project through printing of 3D models and generating 3D virtual reality models for our cultural heritage, based on the 3D scan of the original objects that submitted by some international museums and heritage institutes. We expect that this project will not only become vital in the field of replicate or reconstruction of ancient objects, but also for research, documentation, preservation and educational purposes, and it has the potential to serve these purposes in an accessible and all-inclusive way. Copyright © 2017International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.


Engineering systems are now becoming more and more complex and increasingly dependent on automation, giving rise to a fear that even the smallest error in the system may cause a disaster. Among various factors that contribute to the increased system complexity are the intrinsic non-linearity within the system and the scale enlargement. It is understood that even simple non-linearity may lead to complex phenomena such as non-linear oscillation, bifurcation and chaos that are hard to model, predict or control. Scale enlargement leads to well-known problems in supervisory control like complicated operators' situation awareness, data overload during system malfunction, etc. In this paper, an interactive modeling method would be proposed to support the extraction of meaningful patterns from large amount of plant data using data mining techniques and the latest grey-box modeling approach. This method would be demonstrated over a simple CSTR system.


Using reversible Hadamard difference sets, we construct symmetric Bush-type Hadamard matrices of order 4m 4 for all odd integers m.


Long term charge loss in EPROMs is modeled by a two-step multiphonon-assisted tunneling process via oxide traps. The field and temperature dependence of the mechanism is studied and compared with resonant tunneling. Charge loss experiments were performed on commercial4 Megabit EPROMs proving that leakage is through one of the oxides of the ONO dielectric, likely through the bottom oxide. Excellent agreement between numerical simulations based on the new model and measured field and temperature characteristics of the loss current is found. The model provides for the first time a reasonable physical base for the observed strong temperature dependence of the long term charge loss.


It mainly introduces TSP203,geological radar,infrared acquisition,superior drilling and five-meter short-distance super-length drilling of Qiyueshan tunnel construction which adopts comprehensive application of DK362+227.It also exposes the cavity judging and the situation of course,puts emphasis on discussing the constructing skill of plasma-pouring skill,in order to make reference for familiar project.


Weakly-typed languages such as PHP support loosely comparing two operands by implicitly converting their types and values. Such a language feature is widely used but can also pose severe security threats. In certain conditions, loose comparisons can cause unexpected results, leading to authentication bypass and other functionality problems. In this paper, we present the first in-depth study of such loose comparison bugs. We develop LChecker, a system to statically detect PHP loose comparison bugs. It employs a context-sensitive inter-procedural data-flow analysis together with several new techniques. We also enhance the PHP interpreter to help dynamically validate the detected bugs. Our evaluation shows that LChecker can both effectively and efficiently detect PHP loose comparison bugs with a reasonably low false-positive rate. It also successfully detected all previously known bugs in our evaluation dataset with no false negative. Using LChecker, we discovered 42 new loose comparison bugs and were assigned 9 new CVE IDs.


An apparatus, method, computer program and apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor such that the device is capable of: providing a user selectable part; a first active state and in a second active state or configure the device, wherein a first active state in response to a user selectable part of the first excitation mode is excited, and a second active state, the user selectable part does not respond to the first mode is excited; and configures the device to the apparatus is partially in response to user selectable first mode of the first excited activity provide a tactile indication state.


The article discusses the role of the Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt in the formation of the European Monetary System. The analysis deals with the impact of a global economic and financial crisis on the European integration and economic policy of Germany in the 1970s.


Abstract In this study, a microscale Fe0 (mFe0)/H2O2/O3 process was set up to degrade 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in aqueous solution. First, key operating parameters including initial solution pH, mFe...


To investigate the effects of cadmium on transcription levels of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA in primary cerebral cortical neurons of SD rats,the neurons were exposured to cadmium at different concentrations(0,5,10,20 μmol/L) for 12 h.MTT assay was applied to test the cell viability,and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the transcription levels of Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA.In comparison with the control group,the results showed that the cell viability decreased significantly with the higher concentration cadmium(P0.05 or P0.01).Additionally,transcription levels of Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA increased significantly(P0.01),but transcription level of Bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2/Bax decreased significantly(P0.05,P0.01).It was concluded that cadmium can inhibit the growth of neurons and regulate the transcription of apoptosis-related genes,including Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase-3.


Given the proliferation of mobile devices, m-commerce is expected to experience a substantial growth. However, most m-commerce applications except for few, have failed to meet expectations. In this study, we examine specific factors pertaining to the adoption of mobile commerce within a comprehensive framework integrating well established theories of technology adoption, i.e., the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). More specifically, we re-conceptualize perceived usefulness to enhance the specificity of these theories to mobile commerce. The resulting model is empirically tested with mobile device users who have not adopted mobile commerce yet. The empirical results provide strong support for the integrative approach, shedding light on the significance and relative importance of specific technological characteristics. The theoretical and empirical implications of these results are discussed. Keywords: M-commerce, Technology Acceptance Model; Theory of Planned Behavior, IT Adoption.


Upon addition of cysteine to a solution of , a transient species appears within the time of mixing, which is stable for several months. In order to conform the nature of the transient species, spectroscopic, kinetic and coagulation experiments were carried out. For the formation of water-soluble colloidal MnO2, the stiochiometry was found to be 1:1 (cysteine: ). On adding of HClO4, there is a decrease in the absorbance of colloidal MnO2. At higher [cysteine] (≥2.0 × 10−4 mol dm−3), as the reaction became so fast, the formation and decomposition of colloidal MnO2 are not observed. Thus in presence of [HClO4] and excess of [cysteine], the intermediate colloidal MnO2 is unstable. Kinetic studies of the decomposition of water soluble colloidal MnO2 have been investigated by visible spectrophotometry at 25°C. The observed kinetics was explained by assuming fast adsorption of cysteine on the surfaces of colloidal MnO2. The adsorption formation constants between MnO2-cysteine and MnO2-F− have been determined (Kad = 8.5 × 103 dm3 mol−1 and Kf = 4.9 × 104 dm3 mol−1 for cysteine and F−, respectively). The deposition of solid MnO2 was observed in presence of externally added Mn(II) and Ag+ ions. On the basis of the various observations, a most plausible mechanism has been envisaged for the decomposition of water soluble colloidal MnO2.


The invention discloses a manufacturing method of an impedance type microfluidic chip. The manufacturing method comprises the steps of firstly, designing AutoCAD files of mask, secondly, printing the files onto a transparent mask, thirdly, spinning photoresist onto a silicon wafer, fourthly, covering the mask on the photoresist to perform photoetching developing, fifthly, obtaining a master model, sixthly, coating PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and laying silicon tubes, seventhly, peeling off a PDMS model from the master model and putting required copper wires into a vertical channel, eighthly, adhering a PDMS model I and a PDMS sheet with a smooth surface together, ninthly, injecting potassium chloride solution into a horizontal channel and injecting deionized water into the vertical channel, and tenthly, taking the copper wire in the horizontal channel as a cathode and taking the copper wire in the vertical channel as an anode to perform electrochemical reaction, cutting the vertical copper wire into an upper section and a lower section, removing the copper wire in the horizontal channel, and cleaning copper chloride in the channel with hydrogen chloride. The manufacturing method has the beneficial effects that the surface of an electrode of the formed chip is smooth, cross sections are substantially parallel, and the chip is particularly suitable for electric impedance measurement.


OBJECTIVE
Little epidemiological evidence exists on rumination disorder behavior (RB) and pica behavior (PB). We examined prevalence of RB and PB and presence of comorbid feeding/eating disorder symptoms among school-aged children.

METHOD
In elementary schools in Switzerland, 1,430 children (54.0% female) ages 7-13 completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire for children (ChEDE-Q) and the Eating Disturbances in Youth Questionnaire (EDY-Q).

RESULTS
EDY-Q behavior frequency showed 9.7% reported RB only, 10.0% reported PB only, and 3.1% reported RB + PB (≥1 on 0-6 Likert scale). At a clinical cut-off score of ≥ 4, 1.7% had RB only, 3.8% had PB only, and 1.1% had RB + PB. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder symptoms were most common in those with RB + PB, and more common in those with RB or PB than those without. The degree of eating disorder symptoms (by ChEDE-Q) over the past 28 days were similar among those with RB, PB, or RB + PB, but less common in those without RB or PB.

DISCUSSION
RB and PB were commonly reported in our sample of school-aged children, even at a potential clinically significant cut-off. Our findings also suggest that the degree of eating disorder symptom comorbidity is similar between those with RB and PB.


What if rural Canada disappeared? Does it even deserve to stay? What will it cost us to keep our rural areas alive? Can rural society pay its own way?


Introduction: Thiamine deficiency has historically affected countries and populations consuming milled white rice. Thiamine deficiency in infants can have an acute presentation of encephalopathy with shock with severe metabolic acidosis and death sometimes, if not promptly treated with an intravenous dose of thiamine.
Aims: To study the biochemical deficiency of thiamine in exclusively breastfed infants presenting with encephalopathy and compare them with age-matched controls and to study their clinical course and short-term outcome (till discharge).
Materials and Methods: After dividing infants into four groups based on age in days: (31-60 days; 13 in cases and 8 in controls; 61-90; 4 in cases and 3 in controls; 91-120 days; 2 in cases and none in controls; and >120 days 4 each in cases and controls. This study primarily included the selection of case/control subjects. Two case-control analyses were conducted. In the first one, blood thiamine levels were compared between infants with encephalopathy and without encephalopathy. In the second one, breast milk thiamine levels were compared between infants with encephalopathy and without encephalopathy. Student's independent t-test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Out of 38 infants, 23 had presented with encephalopathy, and 15 were healthy taken as controls. The mean blood levels of thiamine in infants with encephalopathy in cases were 17.29nmol/l with a Standard deviation of 8.86: the levels ranged between 13.47 and 21.13. The mean value of controls was 51.31, with a Standard deviation of 25.52 ranging between 23.25 and 124.7. The P value was <0.001 and was considered statistically significant. The ROC analysis of the data obtained from thiamine levels obtained in the study 'patient's blood compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Thiamine deficiency can be clinically and biochemically attributed to the presentation of infants with acute encephalopathy.


Sustainable development cannot be attained without the leadership and full participation of women at all levels of society and decision-making. Moreover sustainable development sought without the meaningful involvement of women cannot be equitable. A gender perspective is one of the most forward looking and socially just approaches in the analysis of sustainable development. The status and contribution of women in sustainable development is to be appreciated and encouraged.


Water quality from artificial wetlands on the first growth stages of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. D65) and corn (Zea mays cv. DK 2002) was evaluated. An experiment of three ponds serial system seeded with junco (Scirpus americanus), tule (Typha latifolia) and aquatic liry (Eichhornia crassipes) was conducted. Water was introduced into each pond with a retention time of 15 days. Decreases in all parameters were observed, with exception of the ion nitrate (0.60 to 0.82 mg/l) and the electrical conductivity (34.4 at 66.4 (mS/cm. Diminution in the pH (8.33 to 7.29), as well as the COD (416 to 120 mgO2/l), the ion calcium (6.6 to 0.54 mg/l), the ion chloride (0.011 to 0.002 mg/l), the nitrite (0.234 to 0.040 mg/l), the ammonium (1.451 to 0.0003 mg/l) and the phosphate (10.3 to 2.3 mg/l) were obtained; the Pb and Cd values were below the permissible limit. The total and fecal coliforms decreased in each treatment with a final reduction of 94.17 % and 91.25 %, respectively. Both crops had significant root growth inhibition: sorghum showed a 1.69 cm value in root growth in treated water, 3.0 cm in distilled water and 2.11 cm in the control (untreated water). A 2.78 cm root growth was observed in corn with treated water, 3.05 and 3.35 cm were the values for the distilled water and the control treatments, respectively. The system was efficient in terms of sanitary quality and the reduction of ammonium, calcium, phosphates and COD, but not for salts concentration.


This study employed a Cobb-Douglas stochastic production frontier function to estimate the level of technical efficiency. The results of the analysis showed that cropping season of mango growers have been round year. Difference of the study compared to past researches related to tropical fruits analyzed efficiency of three seasons instead of only focusing on efficiecy of one seasson or total a year. The findings revealed that season 3 ranked first in terms of technical efficiency (58.2%), follwed by season 1 (53.6%) and then season 2 (49.2%). Moreover, the input variables that explained technical efficiency were were fertilizer (root), fertilizer (leaf) and labor in season 1; pesticide, fertilizer (leaf) and labor in seaon 2; and pesticide, fertilizer (root), fertilizer (leaf) and labor in in season 3. In addition, major determinants of socioeconomic characteristics influenced positively on technical efficiency were were plant density and land area in season 1 and season 3; market access, plant density and land area in season 2. Likewise, the constraints to mango production were wrapping bag and classifying sale in season 2, and age and wrapping bag in season 3.
KEY WORDS: Technical efficiecny, Cobb-Douglas, mango, Mekong Delta


PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION CONTAINING as active ingredient an extraction fraction at least partially purified glycopeptidolipids POLAR M. chelonae of formula (1). Particular application in stimulating IMMUNITY IN NO MAN AND SPECIFIED IN ANIMALS.


A first process control element (5), and the second process control element (8), a turbo engine equipped with a test system for testing the first process control element, the first process control element and the second process control element affects the turbo engine is disclosed in the same process variable. The test system for testing the first process control element (5), modifying the process variable by a second process control element (8). The modification of the process variable by the second process control element (8) is compensated by using the first process control element (5).


The in-situ measured operation parameters are reported for the downhole hydropercussion generator installed at the oil producing stratum depth in order to stimulate the oil extraction.


Development of electronic resources in the current age, has led to the incorporation of digital information resources to complement traditional print information resources in many libraries. The paper is a review of the hybrid library system as it relates to medical library services. Electronic information resources that are essentially important to the medical library in the digital age were presented. The paper discussed the opportunities offered by the hybrid library system which can help medical libraries in Nigeria to extend their reach and meet the health information needs of users. Limited funds for resource acquisition for both electronic and print resources were identified as the major challenge encountered by medical libraries in achieving this mission. The paper concludes that medical librarians should continue to refashion their services as funds and resources become available to remain relevant in the global paradigm shift in library and information science.


The Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic tectonic evolution in Antarctica related to the final amalgamation of Gondwana supercontinent has been contentious. The Japanese Antarctic activity area - eastern Dronning Maud Land (eDML: approx. 20˚E to 45˚E) in East Antarctica is located at the boundary zone of the East Gondwana and the West Gondwana. This presentation aims to discuss the tectonic relation among the discrete plutono-metamorphic terranes in this region. Three Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic plutono-metamorphic terranes have been recognized in the eDML; Lützow-Holm Complex (LHC), Yamato-Belgica Complex (YBC) and the Sør Rondane Mountains (SRM) from east to west. LHC is characterized by the progressive high-grade metamorphism of the medium pressure type with a clockwise pressure-temperature (P-T) path from upper amphibolite facies in the east to granulite facies metamorphism (Hiroi et al, 1991) with ultra-high temperature metamorphism in the southwest (Hiroi et al., 1983, 1991; Motoyoshi et al., 1989; Kawasaki et al., 2011). YBC is characterized by widespread granitoid plutonism associated with amphibolite facies and granulite facies metamorphic rocks (Shiraishi et al., 1987). In contrast to LHC, YBC was metamorphosed relatively lower pressure condition. The main metamorphism of the LHC and the YBC was during the late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian (630-550Ma) (Shiraishi et al., 1992, 2003). In SRM, two adjacent granulite facies metamorphic terranes with the contrast P-T paths, are bounded by the Main Boundary Thrust (Osanai et al., 2013). The southwestern part


The article suggests an approach to assessing the effectiveness of the process of "An internal audit of business processes from purchase to payment", which allows to visually monitor the dynamics and the actual achievement of the process of the specified indicators. It is explained by the fact that the objective assessment is achieved by means of correlation between factual and planned values, which allows to determine how the operation of the process is close to achieving the goal. Assessment of the functioning of the process of "An internal audit of business processes "from purchase to payment" is advisable to carry out on two indicators: effectiveness and efficiency. Along with the implementation of the internal audit model of the business process it is necessary to improve the risk management system, document key risks and existing control procedures in the context of individual business processes.


Abstract Demographic problems, obsolescence of existing buildings, unstable economy, as well as misunderstanding of the mechanism that turn city quarters into areas in need for intervention result in the implementation of improvement measures that prove inadequate. The paper puts forward an algorithm of revitalization program for housing developments and presents its implementation. It also showed the effects of periodically run (10 years) three-way diagnostic tests in correlation with the concept of settlement management.


Due to the complexity of the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U) and the importance of operating time, all the subsystems must be made as reliable as possible. ECRH is such a subsystem. In order to accomplish this task with ECRH, two things were needed: (1) training in proper operation and maintenance of the system; (2) a quality control assurance program. This paper will explain how these things were implemented.


The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) assumes that state-mandated tests provide useful information to school administrators and teachers. However, interviews with administrators and teachers suggest that Minnesota's tests, which are representative of the current generation of state-mandated tests, fail to provide useful information to administrators and teachers about areas that need attention. The use of a single level of difficulty causes harmful stress and provides measurements of poor quality for many students. Computer-adaptive tests are a practical alternative, provide more useful information, reduce stress among students, and address four major concerns that teachers have about testing. This alternative could strengthen the link between testing and improved educational outcomes and improve the chances that NCLB will have a positive impact. However, current federal policy prohibits the use of computer-adaptive tests for accountability purposes. This article provides specific recommendations that potentially could address four critical concerns about current state-mandated tests.


The atom-radical reaction Cl + C[sub 2]H[sub 5] [yields] HCl(v) + C[sub 2]H[sub 4] is studied using laser flash photolysis, time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy and broad band infrared chemiluminescence. The Cl atoms and ethyl radicals are produced from a number of different precursors using one or two lasers. The initial HCl vibrational distribution is determined to be HCl (v=1/2/3/4=0.39 [plus minus] 0.04/0.29 [plus minus] 0.03/0.22 [plus minus] 0.02/0.10 [plus minus] 0.02). The vibrational distribution is characteristic of an addition-elimination mechanism and can be reproduced using modified statistical theories of energy partitioning within the [C[sub 2]H[sub 5]Cl]z[double dagger] intermediate. The time evolution of the HCl(v=4) emission is used to estimate a rate coefficient for this reaction of (3.0 [plus minus] 1.0) x 10[sup [minus]10] cm[sup 3] molecule[sup [minus]1] s[sup [minus]1]. 39 refs., 8 figs., 6 tabs.


Land shortage in metropolitan vicinities entails subsurface implementation of power transmission lines (PTLs) which demand structural flexibility, as well as substantial load bearing capability. Thus, development of a flexible gas insulated transmission line (FGIL) necessitates its strength degradation analysis, regarding the synergistic effect of aging and mechanical loadings. Moreover, correlation of conductor and enclosure dimensions of FGIL apropos field distribution, requires careful consideration regarding their dimensional specifications. In this research, a comprehensive electro-mechanical design is performed for the proposed flexible-thermoplastic-enclosure of a 132 kV FGIL by considering the synergistic impact of time and temperature-based aging, along with the effect of external and internal loadings, such as dead load, live load and internal gas pressure. Additionally, a recursive design algorithm for the proposed scheme regarding electro-mechanical aspects, along with aging perspectives is developed. Comparative analysis of proposed and conventional schemes regarding electro-mechanical and aging aspects revealed that the proposed enclosure exhibits the required structural strength, as well as flexibility for trenchless subsurface application of FGILs in metropolitan areas.


A 10-year-old boy presented with generalized tonic clonic seizures since early childhood. Examination showed solitary, brown-to-tan plaque on right cheek. (Fig. 1) and skin colored raised plaque (Shagreen patch) over lower back. Another 12-year-old boy with seizures since early childhood, reported with two yellowish, brown plaques over left temporal scalp (Fig. 2), and multiple papules over face (angiofibroma) and depigmented macule (ash-leaf macule) over anterior chest. Both cases were diagnosed as tuberous sclerosis, based on clinical and imaging findings.


The Income Survey Development Program (ISDP) developed and tested methods to co l lec t very deta i led information on income types. A very subs tant ia l part of th is e f f o r t was devoted to the proper c l ass i f i ca t i on of reported income as to source or program type. The ISDP program confirmed that some respondents do not know or cannot eas i ly recal l the name of the source or the basis for receipt of some types of income, or are confused by s imi lar sounding programs. To compensate for th is tendency, 1979 ISDP questionnaires incorporated questions that would help respondents, and la te r help analysts, to better c lass i f y incomes in such instances. This paper presents prel iminary resul ts of the report ing and d i f f e r en t ia t ion of veterans' pension and compensation payments. Our approach to c lass i fy ing these payments is described, and the resul ts are compared to benchmark data developed from admin is t rat ive records. We believe that th is experience with veterans' payments is general izable to many other income types. That is , that without bui ld ing crosschecks into the questionnaire to assist respondents and to provide analysts with the means to confirm the reasonableness of responses or point out probable errors, data qua l i t y w i l l be compromised, perhaps quite ser iously. Data qua l i t y also could be compromised i f the time and e f f o r t is not taken by analysts to use these addi t ional data to improve the c l ass i f i ca t i on of income types and, where appropriate, the i d e n t i f i cation of recipiency units appropriate to the i ncome type. The data in th is paper are taken from the second wave public use f i l e od the 1979 Research Panel of the Income Survey Development Program (ISDP). They cover a three-month period centered on Apr i l 1979 and pertain to the c i v i l i a n non ins t i tu t ipna l population of the 50 States and the D i s t r i c t of Columbia. The general ISDP program has been described b r i e f l y in the Social Securi ty Bu l le t in , I / and documentation on the 1979 Research Panel was recent ly released by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).2__ /


The article considers the key backbone components of pedagogical technology of students' mathematical analysis teaching at the engineering-and-technical faculties: educational process, dynamic model of professional mathematical activity formation, methodical system of mathematical analysis teaching, methodical system of quality monitoring the professional mathematical training.


Introduction: Physical exercise practice can induce bone mass responses, such as elevation of metabolism biochemical markers, secreted by osteoblasts in the bone matrix formation and calcification process. However, high intensity training is related with elevated pro-inflammatory markers, which can attenuate the process related with bone mass gain. Objectives: To compare bone mass/density gain during nine months, as well identify the impact of training load and inflammation in this outcome. Methods: Nine months cohort. Sample was composed by adolescents, divided in to groups: sports practitioners (adolescents engaged in swimming and basketball practice) and control group. The adolescents were included in the sample whether present the following inclusion criteria: i) aged 11 to 17 years old; ii) do not present any metabolic disorders; iii) do not consume regular medications for blood pressure and lipid profile control; iv) practice only on sport modality during the last 12 months; v) practice at least 12 months in the current sport modality; vi) signature of consent and clarified term by the tutor. For the control group (with the exception for iv and v items), this last criteria will be added: vii) do not practice any sport modalities during the last 12 months. Inflammation, measured using c-reactive protein (CRP), were the outcomes analyzed. Load training was measured using an individual notebook of daily load control, through the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and body composition were analyzed using DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner). Statistical analysis was controlled by confounders, such as biological maturation, age, food intake frequency and sex and were analyzed using the BioEstat software with p-value <0.05. Cross Sectional Results: Swimmers had lower bone density than control, however higher CRP values; there was a significant and positive relationship between training load and fat free mass (muscle mass). In boys, the training load presented a negative correlation with bone density in the lower limbs (r = -0.293 [95% CI: -0.553 to -0.034]). In girls, the training load was negatively related to BMD in the lower limbs (r = 0.563 [95% CI: -0.770 to -0.356]) and total body (r = 0.409 [95% CI: -0.609 to -0.209]). Longitudinal Results: Swimmers and basketball players presented higher values of inflammation (CRP) at baseline. The monthly training load was positively related to fat free mass independent of the effect of confounding factors, such as inflammation, in both modalities. However, there was no negative relationship between training load and gain of bone mineral density after adjustment. Conclusion: The training load had a negative relation on the bone density of swimmers of both sexes, regardless of the positive effect of MLG on bone density. However, gains in bone mass during the 9-month follow-up were similar between groups and the training load did not influence bone mineral density gains after considering the effect of the covariates (inflammation, maturation, age and practice of resistance training.


The aim of this doctoral research project is the development of reliable and reproducible methodological approaches enabling the genetic characterization of circulating rare cells (CRC) isolated by ISET® filtration (Rarecells®, France). The first application developed consists in detecting mutations of the VHL (Von Hippel Lindau) tumor suppressor gene in single CRC isolated from the blood of 30 patients patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), assessed according to the results obtained by cytopathological analysis. In parallel, genetic analysis of VHL mutations was conducted in the corresponding tumor tissues. Results revealed a potential complementarity of the molecular genetic approach targeted to single cells with the reference method of cytopathological analysis and suggested that combining both strategies could improve the sensitivity of circulating cancer cells' detection in patients with ccRCC. A second application consisted in the development of an innovative approach for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of recessive genetic diseases by analysis of rare trophoblastic cells collected from the cervix. Finally, further developments allowed to optimize high-throughput sequencing analyses and to apply them to single CRC isolated by ISET®. This approach, combined with the isolation of living CRC, enabled us to obtain broader genetic data from the whole exome and should foster innovative applications to both predictive oncology and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.


The paper deals with the verbal suffix - ισκ - in the Cappadocian varieties. Parallels and differences with the use of the suffix in other dialect groups are shown. A comparison with its function in Ancient Greek dialects of Asia Minor points to the possibility that it may be a dialectal archaism. The evidence of the variety of Silli, which presents affix pleonasm, is of special interest, as it may provide evidence of morphological change through contact.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a colorectal cancer drug that uses microRNA exhibiting outstanding effectiveness in colorectal cancer patients, particularly colorectal cancer patients having a mutated KRAS gene. miR4689 and/or miR4685-3p can suppress the growth of colorectal cancer cells, particularly colorectal cancer cells having a mutated KRAS gene, and thus exhibit an effective antitumor effect.


With the proliferation of mobile devices and wireless technologies, mobile social network systems used more. A mobile social network has important role in social network. The Process of finding influential nodes is NP-hard. Greedy rule with demonstrable approximation guarantees will provide smart approximation. A divide-and-conquer method with parallel computing mechanism has been used. Communitybased Greedy rule for mining top-K influential nodes is used first. It has two parts: dividing the largescale mobile social network into many communities by taking under consideration data diffusion. Communities select influential nodes by a dynamic programming. Performance is to be increased by considering the influence propagation supported communities and take into account the influence propagation crossing communities. Experiments on real large-scale mobile social networks show that the proposed algorithm is quicker than previous algorithms. General Terms Mobile social network, influence maximization, PCA greedy algorithm,


In this study, a novel powder-mixing method was applied to carbon black/polystyrene composites, as a result, the conductivity threshold was as low as 0.37 wt.%, and the volume resistivity of the composite was 269 Ω-m when the addition of carbon black content of only 0.5 wt.%. For comparison, composites synthesized via solution-mixing and melt-mixing were also investigated, which expressed higher conductivity thresholds (8 wt.% and more than 8 wt.%, respectively). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Reflection polarizing microscope (RPM) were used to investigate the distribution of carbon black (CB) in carbon black/polystyrene (CB/PS) composites. The distribution of CB in composites indicated that, CB particles were dispersed uniformly in the composites via melt-mixing and solution-mixing. However, the novel powder-mixing method induced selected localization of CB in the composites, which in turn resulted in tunnel for electron. And the lowest volume resistivity of the composite was 2.8 Ω-m when the addition of CB reached 4 wt.%.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of transrectal ultrasound guided systematic 13 core prostate biopsy in prostate cancer diagnosis and stage. Methods: To selective corresponding standards patients, guided by transrectal ultrasound, the systemic 13 core prostate biopsy was done. Then numbered the .13 samples and pathologic tests were made. The clinical data, pathologic result and radiological stage patho logical stage were compared. Results: Thirty-five cases were demonstrated prostate cancer by pathology in the 142 patients who underwent prostate biopsy, 1 of stage B,16 of stage C, and 18 of stage D. Noted that, there was relevance between frequent of positive biopsy, PSA value, sample Gleason grade with prostate cancer stage. Conclusion: The 13 core prostate biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasound is very valuable, especially in prostate diagnosis and stage.


might double, or more than double, once ever 16 years on average; in smaller market towns such crises occurred once every 37 years; in the villages once every 63 years. Urbanization, other things being equal, would raise the death rate. Support for this notion can be found in the important measures of infant and child mortality which Roger Schofield and E. A. Wrigley derive from family reconstitution studies of eight English communities. Although, comparing the halfcenturies 1550-99 and 1600-49, they find surprisingly little change in infant mortality they do discern a marked rise in child mortality. Also the two largest communities, Banbury and Gainsborough, with populations of perhaps 2,000 to 2,500 had noticeably higher mortality than small villages like Gedling or Hartland. Yet taken overall infant and child mortality rates were surprisingly low in these eight Tudor and early Stuart communities. Only Gainsborough amongst them appears to have experienced an infant mortality rate of over 200 per 1000. Higher rates could undoubtedly.be found if the urban net were to be cast wider. Ludlow had a rate of 215 per 1000 in the years 1577-1619, and T. R. Forbes suggests a rate of about 300 per 1000 for babies born in Elizabethan times in St Botolph's parish, London. This last observation derives from his lively commentary on, and classifications of, the attested causes of death to be found in early modern London. Although life expectancy was higher than once was thought, morbidity was rife and death was unpredictable. Because of these things medicine men of all varieties flourished. Although backward in comparison with Italy and perhaps France in the provision of hospitals and public health agencies, and in the arrangements made in universities for the formal training of doctors, England, and London in particular, advanced noticeably in the course of the sixteenth century. With perhaps 50 physicians, 100 surgeons, 100 apothecaries, and 250 unauthorized practitioners, late Elizabethan London was surprisingly well stocked with medicine men, as Charles Webster and Margaret Pelling reveal, and provincial areas they suggest may not have been too far behind, although there practitioners may have been less specialized and more 'marginal'. Their splendid survey of changes in the social geography of medical provision is buttressed by other essays which explore the intellectual and institutional forces which shaped medical facilities: Allan Chapman on 'Astrological medicine', Charles Webster on 'Alchemical and Paracelsian medicine', Jerome J. Bylebyl on 'The School of Padua', and the English press whose medical output is illuminatingly assessed by Paul Slack. Town dwellers probably had access to a much wider variety of medical traditions and advice, but there again they needed to.


We present SsAG, an efficient and scalable lossy graph summarization method that retains the essential structure of the original graph. SsAG computes a sparse representation (summary) of the input graph and also caters to graphs with node attributes. The summary of a graph $G$ is stored as a graph on supernodes (subsets of vertices of $G$), and a weighted superedge connects two supernodes. The proposed method constructs a summary graph on $k$ supernodes that minimize the reconstruction error (difference between the original graph and the graph reconstructed from the summary) and maximum homogeneity with respect to attributes. We construct the summary by iteratively merging a pair of nodes. We derive a closed-form expression to efficiently compute the reconstruction error after merging a pair and approximate this score in constant time. To reduce the search space for selecting the best pair for merging, we assign a weight to each supernode that closely quantifies the contribution of the node in the score of the pairs containing it. We choose the best pair for merging from a random sample of supernodes selected with probability proportional to their weights. A logarithmic-sized sample yields a comparable summary based on various quality measures with weighted sampling. We propose a sparsification step for the constructed summary to reduce the storage cost to a given target size with a marginal increase in reconstruction error. Empirical evaluation on several real-world graphs and comparison with state-of-the-art methods shows that SsAG is up to $5\times$ faster and generates summaries of comparable quality.


(\rl = Richardson-Lucy) We propose a simulation-based bootstrap method to access global significance levels of deconvolution models in the \rl and other iterative restoration algorithms that converge locally. These significance levels allow one to check at each iterative step how good the model is and when iterations can be stopped. Adding more iterations in the deconvolution improves the fitting but is very slow at later time; while too much entropy or smoothness will be lost in the models. A good deconvolution model should firstly have a significance level as high as possible ($\ge$ 20\%), and secondly, be as smooth as possible. We have used two examples to illustrate how such models can be derived in practice. We point out that maximizing the sum of the likelihood of fitting and {\em a priori} entropy does not guarantee an acceptable significance level for the resulting model. If one's {\em a priori} knowledge is too poor, the model may not be able to fit the data at a reasonable significance level. Instead, a maximum-entropy-like iterative restoration algorithm can be performed later by acquiring {\em a priori} knowledge from the \rl restoration. However, this is necessary only when it does increase the levels significantly.


Agriculture soils may be a potential source of greenhouse gases, however it is not directly estimated yet in countries like Chile, which has special soil and climate conditions for a competitive agricultural activity and particular nutrient cycling patterns and processes in volcanic soils. The present work shows the first data of CO2 and N2O fluxes estimated from direct gas samples of passive chambers on volcanic soils in a crop system of Southern Chile. Gas samples were obtained from a oat-wheat rotation in a volcanic soil surface in Chile (36o S, 72o W) under two treatments of N fertilization (150 kg N/ha NH4 + -and NO3 - -N, respectively) and two lime dose treatments (0,5 and 1 Ton lime/ha, respectively), from closed non-fixed chambers and fluxes of CO2 and N2O were estimated from a gas chromatograph concentration in function of time during gas accumulation in the chambers headspace in a period of 1 year. Soil variables, including temperature, water content and mineral N content were registered in order to check correlations with gas fluxes. Results show low emissions of GHG from volcanic soils of Chile and no important influences of some agriculture management and environmental variables.


Abstract Autonomous movements in southern Nepal have added a new layer of conflict to a volatile political situation. The Maoist armed uprising and pro-democracy movement that abolished the monarchy and initiated a republic unleashed sub-national aspirations for autonomy in the southern borderland region of Nepal. In this article, Madhesi autonomous sentiment in Nepal's southern borderland region is explored within the context of ethno-federalist concepts of the role of core ethnic identities and state stability as articulated by Hale and others. This inquiry is undertaken against the backdrop of Nepal's Constituent Assembly's (CA) failed efforts to draft a new constitution. Several key disagreements between the main political parties continue to be contentious and could undermine efforts to elect a new CA and restart efforts to draft a new constitution. Among the areas of contention are proposals to redraw internal political boundaries along ethnic lines and proposals to integrate proportional representation into Nepal's democratic system. Both of these proposals have significant implications for the power balance between the Madhesi of the Terai and the centre in Kathmandu. The article also explores post conflict concessions by the new democratic government and the role that they have played in both diffusing and exacerbating conflict in the Terai. The Terai borderland's role in Nepal's geopolitical position relative to India and China is also considered.


Given the challenge of delivering complex, expensive and potentially harmful antiretroviral therapy (ART) on a global level, there is intense interest in the development of short‐term, well‐tolerated regimens that allow individuals to interrupt therapy indefinitely without experiencing a rebound in viremia. This so‐called "cure" or "remission" might be due to complete eradication of all replication‐competent HIV during ART or durable host‐mediated control of persistent virus in absence of ART. Recent heroic interventions such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant and very early initiation of antiretroviral therapy suggest that dramatic reductions in the reservoir size can be achieved, but that complete eradication will be difficult if not impossible to achieve. Most attempts to stimulate effective host‐mediated control of HIV have failed. It is likely that for a true cure to be achieved, both approaches – reductions in the reservoir size and durable immune surveillance – will be needed, a state that is similar to that observed in "elite" controllers and post‐treatment controllers. The implications for recent advances and setbacks in achieving HIV remission for future research priorities will be discussed.


Diabetes mellitus is a universal health problem and may occur at any age. The traditional biochemical measurements far initially detecting patients with diabetes mellitus are random estimations of blood and urine glucose concentrations. The occurence of protein glycation in vitro has been known far about 70 years. The reaction is irreversble sa that the level of glycated serum proteins in a patient is dependent on serum glucose concentration and on half-life of the proteins


Objective:To evalulate the clinical meaning of the Laterally Spreading Tumor (LST) of large intestine and diagnosis and treatment of it with endoscopy. Methods: 2226 patients were examined in our hospital by magnifying chromoscopy which made in Olympus Japan during the pcriod from June, 2008 to June, 2009.Once the lesions were detected, sprayed with Indigo Carmine (0.4%), then observed the shape of the Pit pattern by magnifying chromoscopy. Immediate or elective endoscopic mucosa resection or partitioned mucosa resection was perfomed. Results: 26 patients and 31 lesions of LST were found .The lesions site of LST is 11 lesions site on rectum, 5 lesion site on sigmoid colon, 2 lesion site on descending colon, 4 lesions site on transverse colon, 9 lesion site on ascending colon.9 lesions were classified into granular homogeneous type, 18 lesions into nodular mixed type, 2 lesions were flat elevated type. The pit pattern on magnifying chromoscopy suggested 7 lesions of type IIIL pit and 19 lesions of type IV pit, 5 lesion of type IIIL + IV pit.All of the 31 lesions are resected by endoscopic mucosa resection or partitioned mucosa resetion. No complications occurred for the patients during treatment of EMR or EPMR such as bleeding or perforation. The pathological diagnoses of 3 lesions are early malignant degeneration. Conclusion: Mucosa staning and magnifying chromoscopy is useful to detect LST. Most pit patterns of LST are IV or IIIL, and LST with IV pit patterns are mainly villous adenoma, IIIL tubular adenoma. LST has a close relationship with colorectal cancer, we must pay more attention to it. EMR or EPMR may consider as good treatment of LST.


Purpose: In this study an examination was done of the effects of a team-based learning program on enhancement of communication competence for undergraduate nursing students in South Korea. Methods: A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design was used. Participants were 68 undergraduate nursing students recruited from two universities. The experimental group (n=35) received a 5-week team-based learning program on enhancement of communication competence, while the control group (n=33) received traditional lectures. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires before and after the intervention, and were analyzed using x2 tests, Fisher`s exact tests, and t-tests. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant positive changes in communication efficacy (t=2.58, p=.012), communication ability (t=12.01, p<.001), and learning satisfaction (t=2.11, p=.039). Conclusion: The findings indicate that this program is an effective intervention strategy to enhance communication competence for nursing students.


Schlüsselwörter (Sachgebiete) Lignin-KohlenhydratKomplex Cellulose-Saulenchromatographie Gas-Flüssigkeitschromatographie Anthron-Reaktion Alkali-Extraktion IR-Spektrum Differentialspektroskopie Benzyl-Äther-Bindung Eucalyptus obliqua Studies of a Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex Ft. I. The Isolation of a Water Soluble Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex from Alkali Extraction of Eucalyptus obliqua Summary Water soluble lignin-carbohydrate complex was isolated from the dilute alkali extraction of Eucalyptus obliqua. Successive extractions of the residual wood with 50% aqueous acetone and dilute alkali yielded similar compounds. Acid hydrolysis of the complex yielded insoluble lignin (19.1 %) and xylose, arabinose, galactose and an unidentified compound similar to but not identical with glucose were shown to be present in the hydrolysate by paper and gas-liquid Chromatographie examinations. Urpnic acid was detected in the hydrolysate by colour reaction. It was observed that a major portion of lignin was degraded during acid hydrolysis. Anthrone reaction was found suitable for the quantitative estimation of carbohydrates which showed that the lignin-carbohydrate complex contained 33 % sugars. The amount of uronic acid could not be estimated by this method. Infra red spectroscopic examinations showed the presence of two types of carbonyl groups. From the differential spectrum of the lignin-carbohydrate complex and its hydrolysed product it was suggested that one of the carbonyl absorptions was due to uronic acid which existed as an internal lactone attached to the polysaccharide fraction through a glycosidic linkage. It was suggested that the alkali stability of the lignin-carbohydrate complex was presumably due to the benzyl-ether or benzyl glycosidic type of linkage between lignin and carbohydrate.


Background: We previously showed that overall brain white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) was associated with accelerated long-term functional decline. Asymmetry of brain dysfunction may disrup...


Two conceptual designs of the oblique detonation wave ramjet are presented. The performance is evaluated for stoichiometric hydrogen-air equivalence ratios of phi = 1/3, 2/3 and 1 for a range of flight Mach numbers from 6 to 10.


Based on the Delaunay triangulation method in unstructured grid generation,an approach is proposed which controls grids distribution by cubic triangular Bernstein-Bezier patches.Cubic non-uniform B-Spline is applied to reform the geometric boundary,which ensures the proper mesh dimensions of the boundary nodes.The length scales of interior nodes are calculated by interpolation in triangulation using cubic triangular Bernstein-Bezier patches.The distribution of the interior grid nodes is controlled by defining the boundary nodes of cubic triangular Bernstein-Bezier patches.Fi- nally,several grid generation results in complex flow fields are shown to demonstrate the presented method.


Genotype imputation across populations of mixed ancestry is critical for optimal discovery in large‐scale genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Methods for direct imputation of GWAS summary‐statistics were previously shown to be practically as accurate as summary statistics produced after raw genotype imputation, while incurring orders of magnitude lower computational burden. Given that direct imputation needs a precise estimation of linkage‐disequilibrium (LD) and that most of the methods using a small reference panel for example, ~2,500‐subject coming from the 1000 Genome‐Project, there is a great need for much larger and more diverse reference panels. To accurately estimate the LD needed for an exhaustive analysis of any cosmopolitan cohort, we developed DISTMIX2. DISTMIX2: (a) uses a much larger and more diverse reference panel compared to traditional reference panels, and (b) can estimate weights of ethnic‐mixture based solely on Z‐scores, when allele frequencies are not available. We applied DISTMIX2 to GWAS summary‐statistics from the psychiatric genetic consortium (PGC). DISTMIX2 uncovered signals in numerous new regions, with most of these findings coming from the rarer variants. Rarer variants provide much sharper location for the signals compared with common variants, as the LD for rare variants extends over a lower distance than for common ones. For example, while the original PGC post‐traumatic stress disorder GWAS found only 3 marginal signals for common variants, we now uncover a very strong signal for a rare variant in PKN2, a gene associated with neuronal and hippocampal development. Thus, DISTMIX2 provides a robust and fast (re)imputation approach for most psychiatric GWAS‐studies.


The research contains the results the analysis of  oil-filled high-voltage current transformers and selected diagnostic parameters  that enable to detect  main types of damage. It is shown that in case of  the most common faults  numerous   diagnostic parameters are to be controlled  and it  is not always possible in conditions  of electric power systems modes control by  operative dispatching staff  of power systems. To reduce the information load  on the personal, responsible for decision-making regarding modes control it is  proposed to use the  parameter of  total residual resource, the  method of  this parameter determination is given,  based on the usage of  remaining resource ratios, defined by individual diagnostic parameters, taking into account statistical data, concerning taking the   current transformers  out of service. It is proposed to determine these factors in relative units,  that will simplify their usage while determining the ratio of general residual resource that  varies from 1 during putting into operation  to 0, that corresponds to  taking the transformer out of service. Application of  mathematical tools of neural- fuzzy modeling, namely Sugeno algorithm, allows to develop mathematical and computer models of  total residual resource that enables  to determine the impact of diagnostic parameters on the ratio of total residual resource. In training  sample of  neural -fuzzy model it is suggested to  use data, verified by  independent experts and taken from the test reports. It is shown that the current prediction error residual life does not exceed 14%. It is expected that the error can be reduced by increasing the training set, and the number of failures in the current transformer will reduce the defects in the early stages of development


A correlation is observed between changes in the halfwidth and peak position of the F band and the presence of M and R centers in x-irradiated KCl crystals. The changes in the shape of the F band caused by optical bleaching are atirdbuted to absorption bands of M and R centers located in the spectral region of the F band. The narrowing of the electron spin resonance line which occurs during optical bleaching of x-irradiated KCl crystals is removed by thermal treatment at 140 deg C. The narrowing is tentatively attributed to the presence of a second, narrow resonance line, due to either R/sub 3/ or N centers, which is superimposed on the line attributed to F centers. The results also suggest that M, R, and V/sub 3/ centers are not paramagnetic. Both the optical absorption and the electron spin resonance measurements indicate that F centers are present even after prolonged optical bleaching and that the character of the F center is not ehanged during bleaching. (auth)


It is increasingly acknowledged that companion animal abuse often occurs in the same contexts as other types of abuse, particularly domestic abuse. However, the co-occurrence and strengths of these associations in the general population have not been well established in research. With data from a large representative sample of Norwegian adolescents, we aimed to determine 1) the extent to which Norwegian children are exposed to companion animal abuse in the family, 2) whether and how companion animal abuse is linked to other forms of domestic abuse that children experience, and 3) background factors associated with companion animal abuse. A total of 9240 adolescents aged 12–16 years (Mage 14.7) participated in the digital school-based survey. Four percent (n = 380) reported that they had ever witnessed a parent being violent towards a family companion animal, whereas 1% (n = 125) had experienced that an adult in the household had threatened to harm a companion animal. There was a substantial overlap between companion animal abuse and child abuse, and it most frequently co-occurred with psychological abuse and less severe forms of physical child abuse. This resonates with conceptualizations of domestic abuse as an ongoing pattern of psychological abuse and coercive control. The risk factors identified for companion animal abuse in this representative sample of adolescents were similar to known risk factors for domestic abuse. Low socioeconomic status and parents' substance abuse, parents' psychiatric illness, and parents' history of incarceration entailed a greater risk of experiencing companion animal abuse. We conclude that companion animal abuse co-occurs with other forms of domestic abuse and that it may be considered a part of the repertoire of domestic abuse that impacts children.


A commercially manufactured PlasmaVolt™ sensor wafer was studied in an inductively coupled plasma reactor in an effort to validate sensor measurements. A pure Ar plasma at various powers (25–420W), for a range of pressures (10–80mT), and bias voltages (0–250V) was utilized. A numerical sheath simulation was simultaneously developed in order to interpret experimental results. It was found that PlasmaVolt™ sensor measurements are proportional to the rf-current through the sheath. Under conditions such that the sheath impedance is dominantly capacitive, sensor measurements follow a scaling law derived from the inhomogeneous sheath model of Lieberman and Lichtenberg, [Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing (Wiley, New York, 2005)]. Under these conditions, sensor measurements are proportional to the square root of the plasma density at the plasma-sheath interface, the one-fourth root of the electron temperature, and the one-fourth root of the rf bias voltage. When the sheath impedance becomes...


Objective To investigate the relationship between brachial-ankle artery pulse wave velocity and target organs damage in patients with essential hypertension.Methods Electrocardiography,echocardiography,carotid ultrasonography,brachial-ankle artery pulse wave velocity,microalbum inuria were measured in all patients.106 essential hypertensive patients were divided into two groups according to the levels of baPWV: baPWV1400cm/s group(group A,n=61);baPWV≤1400cm/s group(group B,n=45).Results Compared with subjects in group A and group B,group A showed higher the incidence rate of target organs damage(P0.05) and higher levels of left ventricular mass index(LVMI),carotid intimamedial thickness(CIMT),carotid plaque score(Crouse-s) and microalbum inuria(mAlb) than that in group B(P0.05).In linear correlation analysis,baPWV was positive correlation with CIMT,mAlb and LVMI(P0.05).Conclusion The higher incidence rate of heart,brain and blood vessel events are related with artery elasticity decreasing;Target organs damage is close correlation with baPWV increaseing in patients with essential hypertension.


Three options for the indium-zinc oxide nanofiberssynthesis by electrospinning and the results of measuring the nanofiberssensitivity to ultraviolet irradiation in the wavelength range of 230–290 nm are presented. It has been shown that nanofibers prepared from dihydrous zinc acetate with the addition of indium nitrate at a ratio of In : Zn = 1 : 1 have the highest sensitivity.


Shaolin martial art,a great martial art system born in the Songshan Shaolin Temple of the central plains region,was gradually formed in the long-term historical development process.It is related to the Shaolin Temple and the Zen.The Shaolin martial art later widely transmitted to some extent in the southern China.South Shaolin martial art transmit mainly in three ways: first,propagation and back-propagation relied on the Zen to the north and south;second,with the opportunity of defending the Japanese pirates in Ming Dynasty,Shaolin martial art displayed their prowess and fame;third,monks and lay disciples of Shaolin Temple and the central plains Hakka people migration to the southern region played an important role in the south-transmission of the Shaolin martial art.


Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic methods of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome and to formulate diagnostic criteria.Methods: This study was conducted using epidemiological surveys and a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 3,011 subjects were studied, and the following indices were collected after their return to low altitude areas from the plateau: general health status, blood, urine and stool samples, myocardial enzyme levels, liver and kidney function, nerve function, sex hormone levels, microalbuminuria, electrocardiogram(ECG), echocardiography, pulmonary function, and hemorheological markers. These data were compared to those of randomized healthy subjects in the same age range who lived at the same altitude to determine the characteristics of high altitude deacclimatization syndrome. Based on these characteristics, diagnostic criteria for high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome were formulated.Results: This study demonstrated that the incidence of high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome was 84.36%. Sixty percent of the cases were mild, 30% were medium, and 10% were severe. The incidence was higher among those who returned to a place of lower altitude, resided at a high altitude for a longer period of time, or engaged in heavy labor while at high altitude. Patients with high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome manifested hematological abnormalities and abnormal ventricular function, notably a right ventricular diastolic function, which recovered to baseline function after one to five years. Exposure to long-term hypoxia often caused obvious changes in cardiac morphology, i.e., left and right ventricular hypertrophy, particularly within the right ventricle. In addition, patients with high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome often presented with low blood pressure, low pulse pressure, and microalbuminuria. A few patients presented with occult blood in their feces. The diagnosis of high altitude deacclimatization syndrome can be made