Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been used to power portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, current LIBs consisting of graphite anode and LiCoO2 cathode do not meet increasing requirements of more advanced applications with higher energy density and higher power density. Thus, it is important to develop new promising alternative electrode materials with higher gravimetric and volumetric capacity than conventional ones. Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) have attracted great attention as promising anode materials due to their high capacity (>1000 mAh g) and relative low reaction potential (vs. Li/Li). Even though Ge has attracted less attention than Si owing to its higher cost, the increased interest in Ge-based materials might bring about a decrease in its cost as a result of the abundance of Ge as much as tin in the Earth's crust. Compared to Si, Ge has several advantages including high electrical conductivity (10 times higher than in Si) and exceptional lithium ion diffusivity (400 times greater than in Si at room temperature) allowing high rate capability. Similar to Si, however, one critical issue of Ge anode is its drastic volume change of >230% which may lead to the cracking and pulverization of particles, resulting in a poor cycle life. To solve this problem, synthesis of nanostructured Ge is important. Yet, synthetic routes that can satisfy cost-effective large-scale production remain significant challenges. One of the most effective methods producing macroand/or nano-porous materials and pure materials is metallothermic reduction process, and is simple, cost-effective and scalable approach. Herein, we report a facile, cost-effective and large-scale zincothermic reduction route for the synthesis of mesoporous germanium from cost-effective germanium oxide particles ranging from 420 to 600 C. This zincothermic reactions have several advantages including (i) a successful synthesis of germanium particles at low temperature (~450 C), (ii) accommodation of a large volume change due to a mesoporous structure, and (iii) a cost-effective scalable synthesis (staring from inexpensive metal oxides). An optimized mesoporous germanium anode exhibits a reversible capacity of ~1400 mAh g after 300 cycles at 0.5 C rate and stable cycling in full-cell consisting LiCoO2 cathode having high energy density.


Dear Editor, Screening of prostate cancer has been shown to reduce mortality rate [1]. Health belief model has been related to participation in health behaviors such as prostate cancer screening. The Health belief model consists of the following components: (a) perceived seriousness; (b) perceived susceptibility; (c) perceived barriers; (d) perceived benefits; and (e) health motivation [2]. The aim of this study is to predict prostate cancer screening based on the components of health belief model among men over age 50 years. In this correlational study, 150 individuals with mean age 67.3 ± 7 years and ranges of 53 to 80 years were recruited from the public places in Shiraz using convenience sampling. The health belief model scale prostate cancer screening was used to measure health beliefs regarding prostate screening consisting five components including susceptibility perception, seriousness perception, health motivation, barrier perception, and benefit perception. Data was analyzed by SPSS -16. Findings indicated that about 7.5% of the sample performed prostate examination (DRE and PSA). According to the research data, about 20% of individuals who practiced prostate screening had a history of prostate cancer in family. Seventeen percent of the sample endorsed that they had enough knowledge about examination procedures, 64% of the sample had little knowledge about the examination, and 19% believed that they did not have knowledge on examination. In terms of the components of health belief model, results showed that 35% of sample felt that they were susceptible to prostate cancer, 83% perceived prostate cancer to be a serious disease, 19% believed that there was barriers to perform screening and 78% believed that prostate cancer screening was beneficial. Logistic regression analysis indicated that three of the independent variables predicted prostate cancer screening. Having prostate cancer in family had a significant contribution in predicting prostate cancer screening (β = .35, P < .01). Among dimensions of the HBM, two dimensions including perceived seriousness (β = .21, P <.01) and perceived benefits (β = .19, P < .01) had a significant contribution in prediction of screening performance. In other words, individuals who had prostate cancer in family; felt prostate cancer as a serious illness and perceived prostate cancer screening beneficial were more likely to participate for screening. The proportion of prostate cancer screening in this study was lower than developed countries and a little higher than some developing countries [3]. An explanation for low attendance for screening may be lack of access to health service. This study suggests that health system should provide educational interventions to improve the knowledge of men on prostate cancer screening.


Through comprehensively considering the several factors affecting the slope stability of riverain subgrade,such as the scoured slope's geometric patterns,the river surface and underground water level and so on,the theoretical mode of scouring collapse for highway subgrade by river is established,and the affecting regulation on slope stability is discussed by calculation and analysis for an engineering example.At the same time,the method for judging the slope stability is put forward.All these could give some benefitial references for the design and construction of riverain highway subgrade.


The CoFe/Cu/CoFe/IrMn spin valve multilayer was deposited by high vacuum magnetron sputtering on silicon wafer substrates,the influences of annealing on texture and magnetic properties were investigated by X-ray Diffraction(XRD),Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry(VSM).The results show that the texture of IrMn(111)weaken after annealing,the surface/interface roughness first increased with low temperature annealing while decreased after high temperature annealing;the exchange bias and coercivity of the pinned layer decreased after annealing,but the coercivity of the free layer increased.Moreover,the exchange field of the annealing spin valve kept nearly unchanged as the waiting time increasing.


The analysis presented of recent studies that show efficacy of the procedure of sympathic renal denervation in arterial hypertension. Future of the method is sketched, including diabetic patients, pulmonary hypertension patients and cardiac rhythm disorders.


In this paper we introduce a novel engineering system for tracking animal movements. Study of animal movement has implications in several relevant and challenging research areas, i.e., from ornithology to global ecology and wildlife management. Inspired by the Internet-of-things vision, the proposed tracking system relies on GSM-based tracking devices that are directly connected to the GSM network to remotely transmit/exchange data with Application Servers/Cloud. The novel characteristic of the proposed GSM-based tracking system is the use of the GSM network for both localization and transmission. This allows to simplify the design of both hardware and software, hence reducing, size, weight and cost of the GSM-based tracking device as well as the fieldwork effort necessary to obtain tracking data. Moreover, this joint localization/transmission phase allows to reduce the energy consumption of the GSM-based tracking device, hence prolonging the life-time of the system and increasing the Quality-of-Service of the envisaged tracking application. We performed a detailed energy assessment of the GSM-based tracking device, while the whole GSM-based tracking system has been tested in a real deployment on four greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) for approximately 11 months in Northern Italy.


Dante was not only artistically inspired by the troubadours, he also constructed his life and œuvre through an uncanny engagement with their example as political and poetic figures. From an early introduction to their innovative styles and topics, through an exile that echoed their own, some eighty years earlier, he found in them models for his art and for his own unwitting travels. Like them, in exile, and in thrall to patrons and causes, composing on demand, suffering the indignities of misunderstanding and old age, he produced work in his later years which references their own and in which they themselves sometimes play a part. Using Bruno Latour's notion of the network, this chapter argues for a new reading of Dante and the troubadours, one which sees him as working within such a vortex, passing through the work of his predecessors and serving as a mediator for poetic knowledge.


We consider the line shapes of single molecules in low temperature glasses due to dipole–dipole interaction between the molecules and other particles of the system. Motivated by computer simulations, we employ a simplified formula for the absorption lines and derive an analytic expression for the distribution of the variance of such absorption lines. The simplest version of this distribution—derived for pointlike particles without cutoff of the interaction at small distances—already accounts for the qualitative features of width histograms measured experimentally or gained by computer simulation. We further analyze the effect of the minimal approach distance between the chromophore and the perturbing particles and employ an approximate relation between the variance and the full width at half maximum of the absorption lines. We find that the main characteristics of the histogram of widths stem from the (homogeneous) distribution of interactions in space and do not reflect the distribution of the internal p...


We analyse the light curves of over 9000 A–F stars in the first public release of Kepler data and examine the noise properties in constant or nearly constant stars. For the A stars, we find a correlation between the excess power in certain frequency regions and the effective temperature which may be due to granulation. The majority of A–F stars vary with low frequencies (<5 d−1) and low amplitudes (40–150 ppm). The low-frequency variation extends to the hottest A-type stars where the typical amplitude is about 40 ppm. We find that about 8 per cent of A8–A0 stars have light curves resembling those usually attributed to starspots in cool stars, including a few exhibiting travelling waves usually interpreted as differentially rotating starspots. A further 20 per cent of A stars have dominant low frequencies which are visible in the periodogram.

If we assume that the dominant low frequency in A–F stars is the rotation frequency, we can calculate the distribution of equatorial rotational velocities given the stellar radii. The resulting distribution matches the distribution of equatorial rotational velocities in field stars of the same spectral type and luminosity class. However, the A8–A0 stars have an excess of slow rotators which can be explained as contamination from horizontal-branch stars. We conclude that the light variations in A-type stars may possibly be due to starspots or other corotating structures and that A-star atmospheres may not be quiescent as previously supposed.

We also analyse low frequencies in Kepler A-type δ Sct stars which are too hot to be due to γ Dor pulsations. These do not appear to be due to simple combinations of high-frequency δ Sct modes. Unlike normal A-type stars, the dominant low frequency is close to twice the rotational frequency. In a significant proportion of δ Sct stars there is, in fact, a frequency of smaller amplitude at exactly half the dominant low frequency. There is clearly a quadrupole surface brightness distribution in a significant fraction of these stars, but the amplitudes seem to be too low to be explained as a proximity effect in a binary.


This paper deals with the stability analysis of a robotic system, popularly known as pan tilt platform (PTP), with two degrees of freedom (DOF) using Haar wavelet. It has two revolute joints combining tilt mechanism with pan mechanism. Dynamic model of this robotic system is obtained using Newton-Euler equation. The stability analysis of its dynamic model is carried out using Haar wavelet for the first time. The objective of this paper is to achieve computational savings in the process. The obtained computational savings are tabulated and bar graphed to show comparison with the analytical technique.


The aim of this article is to give an overview of the daily life stories of 23 women with disabilities in Malawi. The stories were gained through qualitative interviews that covered aspects of being a woman and living with a disability in Malawi. Recent studies from countries in southern Africa have documented how people with disabilities experience poorer living conditions than people without disabilities. It is generally assumed that the living conditions of women are worse than those of men. There is, however, a large gap in the literature concerning women with disabilities in Africa. The results present a mixed picture. While several of the informants had experienced discrimination and exclusion because of their impairments, most of the women had been well taken care of and were treated equally by their closest family and friends. They had a strong wish to be empowered through education and employment.


Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) or nutmeg is reported to have many implementations in traditional medicine, and it possesses fragrance properties. The literature has recently shown scientific interest in health-promoting agents expected to make cost-effective therapeutic agents. This review aims to systematically review articles related to nutmeg's phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicity activity. Information was collected by searching the Springer, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, SAGE, Wiley, and PubMed databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses as per the scoping review guidelines. A total of 28 studies were identified, 2 of which are review studies. There were 15 studies on the pharmacology of different parts of the nutmeg plant; 5 studies focusing on nutmeg phytochemicals; 4 reports related to nutmeg toxicity, including studies presenting case reports; and 4 studies discussing a combination of phytochemicals, pharmacology, and nutmeg toxicity. Overall, nutmeg is a medicinal plant that is claimed to help treat various diseases, including brain nerve disorders, cancer, psychological disorders, cancer, and digestive system disorders. However, further scientific studies are needed to explore individual chemical compounds' mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects.


Mao'ershan region is a representative natural secondary forested region in the eastern mountainous region, northeast of China. Under the support of ARC/INFO, the landscape pattern and landscape diversity of Mao'erhshan region were sudied by combining the forest type map (1:10 000), which was drawn from the aerial photographs (1999), field investigation and land utilization map (1:10 000). The selected indices included patch number, patch size, patch density index, richness index,dominance index, evenness index and diversity index. The results showed that the landscape dominant forest type in Mao'ershan region was softwood broad-leaved forest. In all landscape types, the average patch area of natural secondary forests was bigger than that of artificial forest. The patch density index of each landscape formed in artificial forest was higher than that of natural secondary forest. The landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index of natural forest were highest, the landscape heterogeneity was also, but the landscape dominance was lower. In natural forest, the control effects of landscape elements on landscape-structure, function and its change were weakened. The artificial forest was on the contrary.


To study materials pan effect on the motion characteristic of modular round vibrating screen,the simulation model was built, the ADAMS software was applied to simulate the motion characteristic of the shaker on the condition of different rotational speed and off-center mass. Through the analysis and disposal of the simulating results, conclude that materials pan is the reason of the motion characteristic difference between the up and down shaker. Through structure improvements, light and symmetric out materials pan height the motion consistent between the up and down shaker, providing theoretical basis for the design and test of the shaker.


Often viewed as a self-regulatory impairment (Thau & Mitchell, 2010), rumination describes the repeated pondering of an offense (Caprara, 1986). The current study predicts that employees high in relational ambivalence with supervisors, or who "maintain both a positive and negative attitude toward their supervisor," are more likely than those in positive or negative relationships to ruminate over a supervisor-induced psychological contract violation (S-I PCV). By use of a 10-day diary study, this study reveals differences in the moderating role of relationship quality with supervisors (i.e., positive, negative, or ambivalent) on S-I PCV and rumination. More specifically, relational ambivalence with supervisors positively moderated the relationship between S-I PCV and rumination, whereas positive and negative relationships with supervisors both negatively moderated this relationship.


Here we review the various proposals to explain the highest energy cosmic rays, emphasizing what existing data may be able to tell us. We focus on several aspects: First, magnetic fields in the universe are sufficiently strong to influence the path of high energy particles. Any correlation of events with known sources establishes constraints on magnetic fields, or on the nature of the particles. Second, existing theory to fit radio through X-ray spectra of emissions close to black holes from microquasars to powerful quasars allows us to set limits on both flux and maximum energy of any energetic particle flux from an active nucleus. Third, directional correlations between high energy events and active galactic nuclei or other extragalactic candidates such as star burst galaxies or clusters of galaxies require properly defined complete sets. We do not confirm reality of any such correlations. Fourth, we suggest that we have identified traces of the last one or two Gamma Ray Burst our Galaxy through the Gal...


This chapter deals with low-, very-low-, and extremely-low-frequency radiowave propagation in the ionosphere with particular focus on their phase and amplitude characteristics and variations. Ionospheric whistlers are also discussed.


Reexamination of schemes for the vertical finite-difference and for the pressure gradient force in the *-coordinate system is made following the discussions of Arakawa (1972), Corby et al. (1972) and Phillips (1974) in order to find a scheme suitable for incorporating steep mountains in general circulation models and numerical forecasting models. It is possible to classify the schemes proposed so far by using integral constraints such as the conservation of the total energy, the conservation of the potential temperature (*) and its square and the surface torque condition. Furthermore, a new scheme is obtained from the classification. Truncation errors of the hydrostatic relation, the pressure gradient force and the advection terms are compared among the schemes obtained by the classification for the case of the atmosphere at rest. By revising schemes errors are reduced to be considerably small over a steep mountain. For example, the errors of the pressure gradient force and the advection terms of the momentum equation are about 1 m/s in geostrophic wind over a slope with 4 km/300 km inclination if the grid size is 300 km. We also examined truncation errors in a more realistic case. A steep mountain like the Tibetan Plateau is placed in the westerly flow. It is assumed that the atmosphere has a stable stratification in the vertical and that the westerly flow is forced so as to be restored to a barotropic equilibrium wind. Computational domain is a half-hemisphere. The results obtained by the runs having different grid resolutions and different schemes are compared with that of a high resolution run which has 12 layers and the 2.5* horizontal grid size. The result of the low horizontal resolution run with the 5* grid size is a little different from that of the high resolution run. The difference in wind is about 10m/s over the mountain but is negligibly small in the other region. Therefore, it seems that the errors in the low horizontal resolution run are tolerable for the numerical simulation of the largescale flow of the atmosphere generated by the steep mountain. Difference between the 6layer run and the 12-layer run is negligibly small, probably because in this situation (barotropic equilibrium state) the effect of vertical resolution is not so important as that of horizontal resolution. Difference among the various schemes is also very small compared with that due to horizontal grid resolution. As a whole truncation errors over a steep mountain are considerably smaller than that has been expected so far by some workers.


Although the printing characters of familiar laser jets look similar,there are differences in their component and configuration.Seven printing characters have been researched,and the results have been given.


I review recent works on the symmetry and the structure of the superconducting gap in Fe-based superconductors (FeSCs) and on the underlying pairing mechanism in these systems. The experimental data on superconductivity show very rich behavior, with potentially different symmetry of a superconducting state for different compositions of the same material. The variety of different pairing states raises the issue of whether the physics of FeSCs is model dependent or is universal, governed by a single underlying pairing mechanism. I argue that the physics is universal and that all pairing states obtained so far can be understood within the same universal pairing scenario and are well described by the effective low-energy model with small numbers of input parameters.


The article is dedicated to Alla Ilchun, a woman with Kazakh and Russian roots, who left her mark on the history and culture of France. Alla Ilchun was a world famous model, the muse of Christian Dior. According to some reports, she took part in the French Resistance movement. Based on the documents and materials found in the archives of Russia and Kazakhstan, the authors examine the Kazakh roots of Alla Ilchun, the history of her family, the origin and fate of her father, a Kazakh and a Russian mother, the contribution that this outstanding woman made to the history of European fashion. In the archives of St. Petersburg and Almaty, new documents have been identified that allow to restore and explore the biography of the father of Alla Ilchun. In the archive in Moscow, the authors discovered previously unknown information about the date of the death and funeral of Alla Ilchun. An additional collection of documents and materials on the Kazakh-Russian roots of the outstanding model and style icon of Alla Ilchun should be carried out in Paris, Russia and China.


In this paper, a low power consumption linear power amplifier (PA) for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) application is presented. An analogue pre-distorter (APD) is integrated to the PA. The APD consist of an active inductor, driver amplifier, and a RC phase linearizer. The PA delivers more than 12dB power gain from 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz. At the center frequency of 2.45GHz, the gain of the PA is 13dB with PAE of 26.7% and maximum output power of 14dBm. The corresponding OIP3 is 27.6dBm. The supply voltage headroom of this PA is 1.8V. The propose APD serves to be a solution to improve the linearity of the PA with minimum trade-off to the power consumption.


In this paper I explore the presence of Kant's heritage in Wittgenstein's
 Tractatus through examination of hypotesis that Tractatus represents form of
 critical philosophy after language turn: that Wittgenstein limited language
 by restricting it to it's descriptive use, as Kant limited knowledge by
 restricting it to experience.


Summary form only given. Improvements in diode brightness have been achieved by manipulating the output of diode bars. First developed for enhancing astronomical images, stripe stackers employ two reflective surfaces, which transform the optical output from a linear array to a vertical stack thereby enhancing M/sup 2/ in the horizontal direction (along the length of the linear array) at the expense of M/sup 2/ in the vertical direction.


We realized a new type of terahertz radiation by an ultrafast supercurrent modulation in high-T/sub c/ superconductors with femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. Sub-/spl mu/W radiation into free space with a pulse width of 0.4 ps was detected.


Releveling of bench marks in 1953 and 1954 by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey indicates that subsidence of the land surface has now exceeded ten feet in two areas of the San Joaquin Valley. In the Tulare-Wasco (or Delano) area of Tulare County, subsidence which was as much as rive feet in 1940 now has about doubled. The maximum rate of subsidence in recent years has been about 0.8 foot a year. In the Los Banos-Kettleman City area of western Fresno County, major subsidence extends from Ora Loma on the north beyond Huron on the south, a distance of 70 miles or more. The maximum rate there approaches one foot a year. Plots of subsidence against decline in artesian pressure suggest that pressure decline is a major cause of the subsidence. Compaction of the soil after irrigation is known to have caused substantial local subsidence in the Los Banos-Kettleman City area, and tectonic adjustment and other causes also may have contributed to the subsidence.


The biological oil- polluted soil treatment method is used widely; however it is not effective enough because the microorganism"s metabolism is affected by seasonal temperature fluctuation. Besides, soil remediation processes are very slow because of low solubility of oil and oil products in water. Biological surface active compounds show promising results in oil-polluted soil bioremediation. Three hydrocarbons degrading microorganisms strains, showing high emulsification activity were selected.


In case of infection of artificial arterial grafts, replacement by allografts becomes a method of choice. Unfortunately, allografts evoke strong immune reaction. For this reason, a method for successful long-term preservation of arterial allografts with unchanged morphology and low antigenicity is needed. We preserved the fragments of rat or pig aorta in anhydric NaCl and stored them in 4oC for up to 24 months, and subsequently transplanted them into rat or pig recipients for up to 24 or 6 months respectively. Routine hematoxyline/eosine and trichrome azan stainings, as well as electron microscopic studies showed the preserved anatomical structure of transplanted aortae and revealed normal structure of elastin fibers, the presence of fibroblasts between elastin bundles and single endothelial-like cells. No significant differences between preserved transplanted and non-preserved aortae stained for CD31, CD54, RECA-1 were observed. We also observed only slight infiltration of ED1 (CD 68), OX6 (MHC clas II) and W3/13 (CD43) positive cells around the allografts and this immunological reaction was only weakly expressed. No regional lymph nodes reaction was noticed. These observations suggest that preservation in anhydric NaCl may serve as a novel method to obtain low immunogenicity arterial allografts.


Monocrotophos (nuvacron, azodrin) is widely used in agriculture to protect crops from insects, similar to other organophosphorus insecticides, for example malathion, parathion, methyl parathion, fenthion, and methyl demeton. Owing to their ready availability they are often misused for homicidal or suicidal purposes. The forensic laboratories of Maharashtra detected approximately 1500 cases of monocrotophos poisoning during 2007 [1].


Currently,one of the vital issues of the legal studies on Private Equity(PE) investment is how to analyze and control the legal risk.PE investment may face the legal risks caused by such factors as legal subject,rights and obligations and remedies means.Besides,its market risk also needs to be controlled by law.By the act of priority,with the help of improving the redemption option,drag along right and anti-dilution,the legal risk on PE investment can be under control.Meanwhile,we can properly deal with the market risks by improving the Valuation Adjustment Mechanism(VAM).


Based on the classical plate theory and assumption the electroelastic properties varying with a power form of thickness coordinate variables,the buckling equations of piezoelectric functionally gradient thin plate subjected to applied electric field are derived by means of a modified classical laminate theory involving(piezoelectric) coupling terms.Critical voltage for a simply-supported rectangular thin plate under uniform(electric) field is presented by using Navier solutions.The influences of the geometrical size of plate,functionally gradient index and displacement at mid-plane of plate on the critical voltage are discussed.It was found that the effects of the gradient index are significant,so we should pay more attention to checking the buckling(intensity) in designing and applying piezoelectric functionally gradient materials.


The Book of Songs Folk Customs in Bin collected songs and poems of the ancient Bin in the Zhou Dynasty. The name of Bin originated from the fact that there were many wild animals in the Ziwuling forest in the place. Bin's territory covered not only places in today's Xunyi and Binxian counties in Shaanxi Province as tradition has held it for "South Bin" but also places in today's Qingyang City in Gansu Province where the three generations of Buku, Jutao, and Gongliu, known as ancestors of the Zhou, once lived and which was known as "North Bin". Judging from the content, folk customs, instruments mentioned, and language characteristics of the songs and poems, most of them were associated with the North Bin. Therefore, the songs and poems were likely folk songs and poems in North Bin.


Recently, the operating of aquacultures has become a rapidly expanding field in Turkey and in other countries throughout world.Thepollutants related to the use of artificial fish feed are a notable form of water pollution when discharged in the receiving water.As these discharges reduce the quality of the receiving water they also have a negative effect on other living organisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate water pollution in fish ponds by using a neural network model. The results of the model were compatible with the real data obtained by experiments, with an accuracy of 94.8%.


The first functional light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on quasi 2D colloidal core/shell CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets (NPLs). The solution‐processed hybrid devices are optimized with respect to their electroluminescent characteristics, first, by improving charge injection through exchanging the as‐synthesized NPL long‐chain ligands to shorter ones such as 3‐mercaptopropionic acid, and second, by comparing different hole‐transporting layers. NPL‐LEDs exhibit a maximum luminance of 4499 cd m‐2 and external quantum efficiencies of 0.63%. In particular, over different applied voltages, systematically narrow electroluminescence of full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the range of 25–30 nm is observed to be independent from the choice of device configuration and NPL ligands. As spectrally narrow electroluminescence is highly attractive in terms of color purity in the context of LED applications, these results emphasize the unique potential of this new class of colloidal core/shell nanoplatelet in achieving bright and functional LEDs of superior color purity.


In the absence of an applied magnetic field, magnetorheological (MR) fluids typically behave as nearly ideal Newtonian liquids. The application of a magnetic field induces magnetic dipole and multipole moments on each particle. The anisotropic magnetic forces between pairs of particles promote the head-to-tail alignment of the moments and draws the particles into proximity. These attractive interparticle forces lead to the formation of chains, columns, or more complicated networks of particles aligned with the direction of the magnetic field. When these structures are deformed mechanically, magnetic restoring forces tend to oppose the deformation. Substantial field-dependent enhancements of the rheological properties of these materials result, as demonstrated in Figure 1. The myriad potential applications of MR and electrorheological (ER) fluids provide considerable motivation for research on these materials. The availability of fluids with yield stresses or apparent viscosities that are controllable over many orders of magnitude by applied fields enables the construction of electromechanical devices that are engaged and controlled by electrical signals and that require few or no moving parts. Potential automotive applications include electrically engaged clutches for vehicle powertrains and engine accessories as well as semiactive shock absorbers that can adapt in real time to changing road conditions. Semiactive dampers for rotorcraft control surfaces are among the potential aerospace applications. The critical need to mitigate the structural vibrations of large structures has led to the construction of large, high-force MR-fluid-based dampers. A promising application in manufacturing processes is the computer-aided polishing of precision optics in which abrasive particles are suspended in an MR fluid so that the polishing rate is determined in part by the strength of an applied magnetic field.


Let us consider markets, such as insurance markets, where each consumer can buy a contract from one firm, which would establish a contractual relationship between the consumer and the firm. In this relationship, the consumer's expected benefit and the firm's expected cost of fulfilling the terms of any contract may depend on the consumer's type, which is privately known only by the consumer. Thus, in selling any particular contract, a firm must worry about the possibility that it is selling to consumers who might generate particularly high costs for the firm under this contract; this is the problem of adverse selection.


Theorthogonal frequency division multiplexing destroys theorthogonality between thesubcarriers resulting (OFDM)system isattractive foritsrobustness tomultipathinto so-called inter-carrier interference (ICI) whichdegrades fading inwireless communications. Butthetime-variation can theperformance(1)-(3). destroy theorthogonality between subcarriers whichwill Channel estimation isanimportant issue forasystem with degrade theperformance ofthesystem, sotheestimation for time-variant multipath fading. In the casethat time-variant multipath channel isnecessary. Inthis paper, we multi-amplitude signals aremodulated onthesubcarriers, propose apilot embedded scheme which superimposes periodictheestimation ofthechannel isnecessary forthesignal pilot sequences oninformation bearing symbols. Thisapproachcorrection. Manytechniques havebeenproposed inthe iscomputationally simple andspectrally efficient aswell. The literature toestimate andequalize channel characteristics for results ofcomputer simulations arepresented andthefactorsOFDM transmission. Generally, channel estimation for which canaffect theperformance areanalyzed. OFDM may be classified intopilot-symbol assisted modulation (PSAM)approaches, andblind orsemi-blind


The domain structure of the electrically biaxial β-phase of a ferroelectric NaH3(SeO3)2 crystal and its change with the applied electric field have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The 180°-domain structure corresponding to the model earlier proposed has been visualized for the first time. The supposed appearance of bound charges on non-180°-domain walls at 180°-switching under the applied field not parallel to the bisectrix between the Ps-axes is confirmed.

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We describe and employ a stacking procedure to investigate abundances derived from the low signal-to-noise ratio spectra obtained in the Carnegie RR Lyrae Survey (CARRS). We find iron metallicities that extend from [Fe/H] ∼ −2.5 to values at least as large as [Fe/H] ∼ −0.5 in the 274-spectrum CARRS RRc data set. We consider RRc sample contamination by high amplitude solar metallicity δ Scuti stars (HADS) at periods less than 0.3 days, where photometric discrimination between RRc and δ Scuti stars has proven to be problematic. We offer a spectroscopic discriminant, the well-marked overabundance of heavy elements, principally [Ba/H], that is a common, if not universal, characteristic of HADS of all periods and axial rotations. No bona fide RRc stars known to us have verified heavy-element overabundances. Three out of 34 stars in our sample with [Fe/H] > −0.7 exhibit anomalously strong features of Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, and many rare earths. However, carbon is not enhanced in these three stars, and we conclude that their elevated n-capture abundances have not been generated in interior neutron-capture nucleosynthesis. Contamination by HADS appears to be unimportant, and metal-rich RRc stars occur in approximately the same proportion in the Galactic field as do metal-rich RRab stars. An apparent dearth of metal-rich RRc is probably a statistical fluke. Finally, we show that RRc stars have a similar inverse period–metallicity relationship as has been found for RRab stars.


Objective To investigate the transport characteristics of juglone across rat intestine and Caco-2 monolayer model.Methods Caco-2 cells and everted-gut technique were used to explore the effect of time and drug concentration on the absorption of juglone.The drug concentration was measured by HPLC and the apparent permeability coefficient(Papp) was calculated.Results The collective transport of juglone was positively correlated with the time and concentration.At the concentration of 100 μmol L-1,the Papp was 1.4×10-7cm s-1in the Caco-2 monolayer model and 2×10-7cm s-1 in the rat intestine model.Conclusion The main mechanism of juglone absorption is passive transference,and the absorption rate is very low.


Collagen has been prepared from steer glomerular basement membrane by controlled pepsin solubilization. Four collagen polypeptides of potential (Y chain size have been isolated following denaturation and reduction with mercaptoethanol. Purification was obtained through sequential chromatography by gel filtration on agarose and by ion exchange on carboxymethyl-and diethylamino-ethylcellulose and confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fractions A and B resemble interstitial (Y chains in apparent molecular weight by gel filtration Fractions C and D were released from a single high molecular weight fraction (II) by reduction with mercaptoethanol and had a larger apparent molecular weight by gel filtration (140,000). Amino acid composition of all fractions that they are closely interrelated but generally distinctive from interstitial collagens. Cysteine was present in all fractions except Fraction Prior to


A motion sickness prevention eyewear presents a demarcation line in a field of view in a lens assembly. The demarcation line varies relative to the orientation of the eyewear to present a visual depiction corresponding to a natural horizon. The eyewear includes at least lens assembly that has an interior cavity defined between an inner lens, an outer lens, and a sidewall defined to join the lenses around the periphery of the lens assembly. A volume of liquid is carried in the interior cavity. The volume if liquid is responsive to changes in the orientation of the eyewear relative to the horizon.


Poling of oriented polytrifluoroethylene (PTrFE) was found to produce pyroelectricity which showed anomalous behavior and formation conditions identical to those in unoriented samples. The pyroelectric activity in oriented PTrFE was greatly enhanced when the poling temperature was low but was reduced as the poling temperature was raised, contrary to the behavior of ordinary thermoelectrets. The enhancement of the pyroelectricity is attributed to a greater increase of the new crystalline region and to the orientation effect, which aligned the dipoles along the electric field. The reduction of the pyroelectricity is attributed to an increase in the degree of chain orientation, which aligns the polar axis parallel to the film plane. This behavior depended strongly on the state of the amorphous region from which the new crystalline region carrying the spontaneous polarization grew.


Kos D, Duportail M, D'Hooghe M, Nagels G, Kerckhofs E (2007) Multidisciplinary fatigue management programme in multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis, 13, 996-1003. Krupp LB, Pollina DA (1996) Mechanisms and management of fatigue in progressive neurological disorders. Current Opinion in Neurology, 9(6), 456-60. Lezak M, Howieson D, Loring D, Hannay H, Fischer J (2004) Neuropsychological assessment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mathiowetz V, Finlayson M, Matuska K, Chen H, Luo P (2005) Randomized controlled trial of an energy conservation course for persons with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 11(5), 592-601. Matuska K, Mathiowetz V, Finlayson M (2007) Use and perceived effectiveness of energy conservation strategies for managing multiple sclerosis fatigue. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(1), 62-69. McDermott C, Richards SCM, Ankers S, Selby M, Harmer J, Moran CJ (2004) An evaluation of a chronic fatigue lifestyle management programme focusing on the outcome of return to work or training. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(6), 269-73. Montgomery GK (1995) A multi-factor account of disability after brain injury: implications for neuropsychological counselling. Brain Injury, 9(5), 453-69. Olver JH, Ponsford JL, Curran CA (1996) Outcome following traumatic brain injury: a comparison between 2 and 5 years after injury. Brain Injury, 10(11), 841-48. Perdices M, Schultz R, Tate R, McDonald S, Togher L, Savage S, Winders K, Smith K (2006) The evidence base of neuropsychological rehabilitation in acquired brain injury (ABI): how good is the research? Brain Impairment, 7(2), 119-32. Quinn D (2004) An investigation of the relationship between mood, fatigue and function in people that have sustained an acquired brain injury. (Unpublished PhD thesis.) Birmingham: University of Birmingham. Söderberg S, Evengård B (2001) Short-term group therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 70(2), 108-11. Van der Naalt J, van Zomeren AH, Sluiter WJ, Minderhoud JM (1999) One year outcome in mild to moderate head injury: the predictive value of acute injury characteristics related to complaints and return to work. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 66(2), 207-13. Ward N, Winters S (2003) Results of a fatigue management programme in multiple sclerosis. British Journal of Nursing,12(18), 1075-80. Ware J, Sherbourne C (1992) The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30(6), 473-83. Zigmond AS, Snaith R (1983) The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361-70. Ziino C, Ponsford J (2006) Vigilance and fatigue following traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 100-10.


Air transportation is an important factor in the economic growth of the European Union; however, the current system is already approaching its capacity and cost limits, and therefore needs to be reformed to meet the demands of further sustainable development. According to the European Commission, airspace congestion and the delays caused by it cost airlines between €1.3 and €1.9 billion a year. Several research initiatives have been launched to address air traffic management (ATM) challenges. The Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) program -a joint effort of the European Commission, EUROCONTROL, air navigation service providers, and the manufacturing industry -aims to define, develop, and deploy what is needed to increase the ATM performance and build Europe's intelligent air transport system. In this paper, we focus on the impact of such holistic optimization on the overall decision process and performance of air traffic control at the airport. To better understand how the algorithm can support ATCOs in their work, we analyzed the ATCOs self -reported descriptions of the current decision-making process.


This chapter argues that the sensory, corporeal, and spatial practices of desert ascetics transmuted into a technique of Christian imperialism in the later Roman Empire. It is divided into two sections: 'Fortress of the Ascetic Body' and 'Spatial Practice of the Ascetic Body'. The first section surveys ways in which the Christian body vanquished its classical counterpart through sensory, material, and spatial techniques. The second part of the chapter applies the corporeal theory established in the first section to build the architecture of the ascetic body, a new direction for scholarship in the field. The essay concludes by suggesting methods through which the material, sensory, and architectural world of late ancient asceticism travelled across the Alps to the monasteries of the early medieval North, where the ideal of the desert became part of the everyday experience of monks.


The field of study of middle school mathematics education research reflects the scope and the hot issues,middle school mathematics education field of research mainly involves the measurement and evaluation,teacher professional development,teaching and learning,information technology,curriculum and teaching six areas.In these fields,the middle school mathematics education studies in the following features: the research content appears "city degree" high,"rural degree" low orientation,research target has strong "utilitarian" color.Paying attention to quality education and traditional education of fusion;The research angle lack "multi-angle".


4. ORTIC DISSECTION occurs when a false ft channel develops within the wall of the ar tery. Blood traverses distally through the medial lay ers, helically forging a parallel channel of abnormal blood flow. Albert Hirst 1 aptly characterized the pathologic entity of arterial dissection in his 1958 review of 505 cases of aortic dissection, describing the condition as that "...produced by the penetration of the circulating blood into the wall of a vessel for a varying distance." Aortic dissection is heralded by intense, tearing chest and back pain; symptoms that occur in approximately 80% of patients. Hyperten sion is found in the approximately three fourths of patients with aortic dissection.' Genetic influences likely playa role in the etiology of aortic dissection in at least some patients? Anatomically, an intimal defect is usually found at a site where blood flow is forcefully ejected against the outer wall of a bend in the vessel. The defect is almost always located in I of 2 locations, proximally in the ascending aorta just above the aortic sinus and along the lateral wall of the proximal descending thoracic aorta just beyond the left subclavian orifice. Two paradigms exist for characterizing patients with aortic dissection, the DeBakey classification with 4 subtypes and the Stanford classification with just 2 (Table I). Each scheme may be divided into acute or chronic phases, defined by whether symp toms have been present for greater or less than 14 days." The Stanford classification has some potential advantages over the DeBakey's groupings because the ultimate clinical prognosis appears to be tightly linked to I feature, the presence or absence of as cending aortic involvement. While this review will focus on dissections involving the descending tho racic aorta, ascending and descending dissections share common pathophysiologic patterns. For this reason, brief references to Stanford A (DeBakey I and II) dissections will be include for instructional purposes.


: The following mechanical properties of spinel ceramics (MgAl 2 O 4 ) were examined: bending strength, fracture toughness, Young's modulus and Vickers hardness. Fracture toughness was determined using five methods. Apart from one case, the results are similar and comparable with literature data on ceramics with particles of analogous sizes.


This paper presents a novel approach for the simultaneous modelling and forecasting of wind signal components. This is achieved in the complex domain by using novel neural network algorithms and architectures. We first perform a signal nonlinearity and component-dependent analyses, which suggest the use of modular complex-valued recurrent neural networks (RNNs). This RNN-based modelling rests upon a combination of nonlinearity, complexity and internal memory and allows for the multiple step ahead forecasting of the wind signal in its complex form (speed and direction). The approach is first verified on benchmark Data Set A (NH3 laser data) of the Santa Fe Time Series Prediction Competition together with artificial data generated by chaotic Mackey–Glass equations, and then applied to the real-world wind measurements. Simulations support the proposed architecture and algorithms. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The Kuomintang (KMT) -controlled government on Taiwan took on a "new look" in 1968. Comparative youth was emphasized in the appointment of national government officials and KMT party functionaries and in the local and provincial elections held in January and April. Chiang Kai-shek, the 81-year-old Director-General of the ruling party, initiated the drive to seat younger men in more responsible positions. He was apparently motivated by dire necessity (most of his trusted companions from the mainland are too old to be effective), by the desire to prepare for a smooth turnover of power to his eldest son, Chiang Ching-kuo, and by the need to continue the "economic miracle" of the past decade on Taiwan-the "model province." Generalissimo Chiang had set the stage for the movement when he gave "youth" as the reason for selecting Premier C. K. Yen as his Vice-President in the 1966 election. Yen was chosen over many of the President's longtrusted friends and forced upon the unwilling and aged (frozen in office since 1948) National Assembly.' The decision to accelerate the emphasis on younger men was confirmed at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Ninth Congress of the KMT held in November 1967. The appointment of new ministers of Finance, Justice, and Communications and a new SecretaryGeneral to the Executive Yuan was announced a few days later. The average age of these men was in the fifties, and they replaced men in their sixties. The new appointees are men of wide technical experience and of Chiang Ching-kuo's generation. In 1968 there was a shuffle in the KMT at all levels which continued the emphasis upon younger leadership. Chang Pao-shu, 56, became SecretaryGeneral of the KMT Central Committee. Li Huan, 52, was appointed head of the party apparatus for the province of Taiwan. Lin Ting-sheng, 50, a native Taiwanese and the island's most famous industrialist, was appointed Chairman of the Taipei Municipal Party Headquarters. Reportedly, 500 generals and 2,000 colonels were retired as over-age. The government made it a point to announce that among the 254,931 government employees (including teachers), the average age had been reduced to forty.2 The "youth movement" was also reflected in the local and provincial elec-


Four heterochronous spore and pollen complexes (SPC) have been identified in the deposits of the submarine Yamato Rise: SPC-1 (Early Miocene), SPC-2 (the end of Early and the beginning of the Middle Miocene), SPC-3 (Middle–Late Miocene), and SPC-4 (Late Miocene). Pollen of various woody plants dominates in SPC-1; the families of gymnosperms (Pinaceae) also prevail in this complex. The climate was moderate and humid because of the proximity to the water area. The complex SPC-2 differs from SPC-1 in the highly increased role of thermophile angiosperms due to the impact of the climatic optimum between the Early and Middle Miocene. The complex SPC-3 is distinguished by the diversity and predominance of broad-leaved woody plants. Gymnosperms are mainly represented by pine families. The composition of palynoflora points to a dissected relief and the burial of pollen not far from the places of its growth. Gymnosperms with a predominance of the Taxodiaceae family are characteristic of SPC-4. The SPC-4 composition is indicative of humid habitat conditions, marshy shoreland, and pollen burial in places of plants growth. The climate was moderate and humid. Palynological investigation suggests the existence of a dry land in the area of the current Yamato Rise throughout the Miocene. The relief was highly dissected and mountainous in the Early and early Middle Miocene; then, the relief roughness and firm-land area reduced dramatically.


How are founders' social identities affected by societal trigger events? To address this question, we build on social identity literature and theorize how the abrupt and significant increase in the number of refugees in Europe in 2015 is related to the strength of Darwinian, Communitarian, and Missionary social identities of founders residing in the affected countries. Furthermore, we introduce a country's percentage of foreigners before the 2015 refugee event as relevant contingency factor. Using a dataset of 6,841 nascent entrepreneurs from 24 European countries, we reveal a positive relationship between the 2015 refugee event and the strength of founders' Communitarian identity. This relationship is even stronger when the previous percentage of foreigners in a country is lower. Interestingly, we do not find significant relationships between the refugee event and Darwinian or Missionary identities. Our study provides important contributions to the (founder) social identity literature and valuable implications for policy and practice.


The terms "tonal" and "nagual" refer to the supernatural companion animals in which Mesoamerican Indians believe. The meaning of the companion animals for one group of Indians, the Otomi of the Sierra Norte de Puebla. is analyzed. Most of the data for analysis comes from the teachings of a practicing Otomi shaman. The conclusion is that there is only one superhuman animal belief, which is described at different times with the two Nahuatl-Spanish words "tonal" and "nagual." Both companion animal images symbolize a feeling of concern for the sick patient and are utilized by shamans in curing rituals.


A to a plurality of areas set in the display device for vehicle, the display control device mechanically assign a display image by performing a predetermined comparison operation, when relevant to the plurality of display images, the user but to make it easier to understand the relevance of their display image. And An area-related information storage unit 12 that stores the association between each area, and the display image-related information storage unit 11 for storing the association between the displayed image, the two display images that are related to each other, a display image belonging to the first image group, an image determination unit 65a that determines the display image belonging to the second group of images, the first image group by performing a predetermined comparison operation display image mechanically plurality of after assigning to the area, and a display-image allocating unit 65b for assigning a display image of the second image group based on the information stored in the assignment result and the area related information storage unit of the display image of the first image group into a plurality of areas so as to prepare for the. .FIELD 1


The theoretical yarn unevenness has been discussed by considering the joint influence of fiber length distribution and fiber fineness. For fiber length distribution, the fiber length density function was derived from the specific Weibull parameters obtained from actual fiber length measurements using an USTER AFIS instrument. Meanwhile, fiber fineness was added to Suh's model by expressing spun yarn irregularity in terms of fiber mass variation. Comparisons of the calculated value of theoretical yarn unevenness in this paper with the tested and previously researched ones for different cotton yarns have been made. It is shown that the theoretical yarn unevenness calculated in this paper could better reflect the effect of fiber length and fiber fineness on yarn unevenness. This might be the theoretical foundation for the prediction of theoretical cotton yarn unevenness on the basis of actual fiber length distribution and fiber fineness.


Good news from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS): It?s decided to drop a rule that would have required you to sign requisitions for lab tests for your Medicare patients.


The invention relates to a device (1; 101) for sterilizing a container (2; 102; 202) comprising generating means (3) for generating charge carriers (4) and with a in the receptacle (2; 102; 202) insertable guide ( 5; 105) (2 (for guiding the carrier 4) (at an inner wall 6) of the container; 102; 202), a mouth (10; 110) of the container (2; 102; 202) by means of the support means (9; 109; 209) for supporting said container (2; 102; 202) relative to the guide device (5; 105) is positionable, and wherein the device (1; 101) has a relation to the guide device (5; 105) displaceable deflection device (7; 107 ; 207) for deflecting the (from the guide 5; 105) exiting carrier (4) on an outer mouth area (8; 108) of the container (2; 102; 202).


In April 2003, the average daily turnover of the national interbank lending and bond trading system declined slightly, Turnover increased remarkably in the lending market but shrank in the repo market. The market rate continued to slip while transactions dropped sharply.


In the last decades, more or less complex physically-based hydrological models, have been developed that solve the shallow water equations or their approximations using various numerical methods. Model users may not necessarily know the dierent


Annotation. The path of struggle, numerous works and literary and journalistic heritage of Abu Nasir Mubashshir at-Tarazi (1896-1977), a native of historical Taraz city, a prominent religious and political figure who spent 47 years in emigration, still remain without due attention and research in Kazakhstan. The voluminous poetic work of the ulema in Persian, Yadgar Zandan ia Aynei Jahan (Memory of the Prison or the Mirror of the World), was born in a prison in Kabul, Afghanistan, from September 6 to November 21, 1947. In the article, this voluminous work in the masnavi genre is analyzed for the first time on the basis of the original. At the end of this work, the poet notes that he wrote this work, focusing on the form of the work of Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi (1207-1273) "Masnavi Magnavi" or "Semantic Masnavi". The work is divided into 192 chapters, each of which has a thematic title, the main content of which is formed by religious and political motives. Masnavi begins with gratitude and prayer to Allah and praise of the Prophet. In the next chapter, entitled "In Prison", he describes the mood of his son and the comrade imprisoned with him, and urges them to remain patient. The work examines the situation in the world after the Second World War and discusses complex global geopolitical problems. Equating communism with a plague that has affected all peoples and humanity, with an incurable disease that spreads from one place to another in the form of a microbe, warns of this danger. In the chapter "Turkestan", he praises his homeland as "the cradle of the great", "the earth is a treasure, a storehouse of knowledge and art", "heaven on earth", writes, appreciating all the advantages, that his homeland was oppressed by the communists, and lists the entire struggle of the Turkestan people for freedom. The sections "Communist power and law", "Publishing house", "Education", "Wakfs", "Mosques and madrasahs", "My father's central mosque in Taraz", "Dar-ul-Kada (House of judges)" describe the violation of human rights in his native country, the imposition of restrictions on elections, meetings, the press, book publishing, freedom of thought, that in the field of education nothing is taught except for secular sciences and the ideas of the Communist Party, the closure of mosques, madrasahs, waqfs, Sharia courts, repression, etc. The section "Kosh" (Resettlement) touchingly describes the suffering and longing for the homeland of refugees who were forced to leave their homeland, unable to endure the pressure and humiliation of the Soviet regime. The work is valuable as an artistic depiction of a difficult fate, difficulties, and experiences in captivity, true faith in the one and only Allah, selfless love for the Motherland of the author who fought for independence.


The invention discloses a rotating cylinder type common yam rhizome fire process peeling device. The rotating cylinder type common yam rhizome fire process peeling device comprises a rotating cylinder and a combustion machine, wherein a flame outlet of the combustion machine is connected with the rotating cylinder via a gas distribution cover, the rotating cylinder is obliquely arranged, and flame and common yam rhizome constitute reverse motion; the rotating cylinder is provided with a tail gas cover, and the tail gas cover is connected with a fan exhaust hole via an exhaust fan; a movable joint is arranged at the discharge end of the rotating cylinder and connected with a rotating drum discharge valve, and a water tank is arranged at the lower end of the rotating drum discharge valve; and a movable joint is arranged at the feed end of the rotating cylinder and connected with a rotating drum feed valve, and a feed hopper is arranged above the rotating drum feed valve. According to the rotating cylinder type common yam rhizome fire process peeling device disclosed by the invention, a fire process is used for peeling, the operation is simple and ingenious, the effects are good, the operation is easy to implement, the fire process can become an optimal substitute for alkaline peeling, and chemical residues and emission of wastewater are avoided; and the rotating drum feed valve and the discharge valve ingeniously realize incoming and outgoing of materials and isolation of system gas. The rotating cylinder type common yam rhizome fire process peeling device disclosed by the invention is further convenient to realize continuous mechanical operation, and has better industrialization, large-scale implementation and standardized application prospects.


Thomas R. Bergamaschi, ∗ Tim Menke, 2, 3, † William P. Banner, Agustin Di Paolo, Steven J. Weber, Cyrus F. Hirjibehedin, Andrew J. Kerman, and William D. Oliver 2, 4, 5, ‡ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA 02421-6426, USA (Dated: November 29, 2021)


In this paper we present the new concept of Derived Graph (also called, Associated 3-Cycle Graph). We show that given a Hamiltonian tournament how we can construct the derived gaph. The main properties of these graphs are studied and proved. The refinement of a prospective theory on associated derived graphs has shown to be very useful for the sake of classifying several types of hamiltonian tournaments, in a quite beautiful way. In order to demonstrate that, we apply this construction for the special case of Hamiltonian tounaments having cyclic charcateristic 3.


The 7000 scientists working for France's atomic energy commission have a new boss – physicist Rene Pellat. An active researcher and respected administrator with a reputation for being a tough-talker, Pellat brings a wealth of experience to the post.


Managers' efforts to correct, develop, motivate or replace inadequate staff consume inordinant amounts of their time and energy. Similarly, managers' attempts at fairness sometimes lead to compensation and benefits that are expensive but not motivating to their staff. This paper offers some approaches and tools for the selection, motivation, and retention of effective staff members for most organizations.


This work simulates the nucleation of sulfamerazine in acetone, methanol, or water, and phenylbutazone in diethyl ether, methanol, or acetone. A new method is developed to estimate the time of onse...


. The reforms provided space for local elites, both traditionally based (Bangsawan) and political elites (Bureaucrats-Politicians) to contest in the arena of local democracy. It is in this arena that the value of the political culture of local elites is tested whether it can strengthen democracy or on the contrary weaken democracy in the midst of the process towards its death.(Ziblatt, 2019) where democracy, which actually places the people as the main focal point, becomes "blunted" by political oligarchy and personal elite domination (Fatah & Deni, 2019).(Fatah & Deni, 2019). Using Gadamer's Phenomenological and Hermeneutic Methods, this research analyses the actions of local elites in interpreting the local values of Jou Se Ngofa Ngare in the 2020 Ternate City Regional Election Arena. This research aims to find the meaning of Jou Se Ngofa Ngare local values in strengthening the cultural values of local politics and democracy. The results of the study revealed that [1] The meaning of local values in local political culture and democratic values is interpreted by local elites through the process of history, pre-understanding (prejudice), tradition and value authority of leaders (Sultan / Kolano) and cultural symbols [2] The stronger the meaning and application of local values, the stronger the meaning and application of the relationship between leaders (Jou) and the people (Ngofa Ngare) in strengthening local political culture and democratic values.


Based on the geological and mining conditions and occurrence characteristics of loose aquifer of Xinglongzhuang Colliery,water bursting cause of 4303 full-mechanized caving mining face under loose aquifer was analyzed,the prevention measures of the 3rd aquifer and reasonable dimension of coal pillar for sand proof were discussed in this paper.


The feasibility of the combination technique of photocatalytic oxidation with biochemical oxidation for dye degradation under the condition of the sun light and the fixed TiO 2 was studied. The results showed that the combination technique worked very well. For example, a 50ppm Brilliant Red K 2G solution, the COD removal were 82.92% in 24 hours biological treatment. Consequently, after 5hours photocatalytic oxidation, the color removal was 20%—30%. It might be an effective method to degrade the dye.


The relationship between terrorism and foreign direct investment (FDI) has stimulated research curiosity given its effects on lives lost, injuries, property damaged, and the psychological aftereffects, which to a very large extent impact economic growth and development. The realization of the magnitude of its influence on bilateral economic ties engineered the study, which examined the impact of terrorism on FDI in Nigeria. The data for this study were sourced from Global Terrorism Index (GTI), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) database, International Country Risk Guide (ICRG)'s Quality of Governance (QoG) database, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Bulletin, and World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) using autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach as described by Pesaran et al. (2001). From the results obtained, military expenditure, episode(s) of ethnic violence, and terrorist attacks have all been noted to have negative and significant impacts on FDI in Nigeria. The implication is that the reduction in FDI observed in the data is attributed to terrorism. Therefore, governments should overhaul the security apparatus so as to quell the menace of terrorists. This will go a long way to create a conducive environment for FDI to thrive, which will create more jobs for the growth and development of the Nigerian economy.


We analyze the sedimentary record of the Hudson Bay basin, an intracratonic basin which is widely believed to have been formed by convective downwelling within the mantle. This belief largely stems from the coincidence of a long-wavelength negative gravity anomaly and an approximately circular basin which is filled with about 2 km of predominantly Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Our starting point is a set of wells and seismic reflection profiles which demonstrate that the basin subsided rapidly from Ordovician to Devonian times. One- and two-dimensional subsidence modeling show that water-loaded subsidence occurred in two stages and is too rapid to be accounted for by thermal contraction alone. Instead, we suggest that basin subsidence is consistent with minor phases of lithospheric thinning which occurred during Ordovician–Silurian and Early–Middle Devonian times. Stretching factors for these minor extensional episodes vary from 1.05 to 1.2 with vertical strain rates of 2–10 Ga–1. Our interpretation of the...


With the further research of spinal cord injury treatment,a series of new drugs have been used in experiment and clinic.This article is to review the current developments of drugs combination in spinal cord injury.


Topologies for three-phase salient rotor flux-switching machines having
non-overlap armature and field windings are presented. Salient rotor is used to modulate
and switch the polarity of the flux linkage in the armature winding and this phenomenon
represents the basic principle of operation of these types of machines. Non-overlap
windings and toothed-rotor are the clear advantages of these topologies as the copper
losses gets reduce and rotor becomes more robust. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is
used to examine the three phase topology of proposed Wound-field flux switching
motor (WFFSM) with non-overlap windings and salient rotor. Coil test analysis, peak
armature flux linkage, cogging torque, induced emf and average torque are examined.
On the basis of these analyses, it is confirmed that 24S-10P has high flux linkage, less
cogging torque and high average torque as compared to other WFFSMs.


Purpose/Aim

Despite recent attempts at achieving international consensus concerning screening criteria for gestational diabetes, conflicting opinions and strategies persist. A clinical inquiry project described the implementation of the one-step, 75-gram, 2-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT) in a nurse-midwifery practice at an academic health center.

Research Questions and/or Hypotheses

The 4 aims of the inquiry project were to describe characteristics and outcomes of nurse-midwifery patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes using the newly implemented screening criteria, including: 1) demographic characteristics, 2) select antepartum measures, 3) select maternal and newborn outcomes, and 4) select indicators of utilization of resources.

Significance/Background

This inquiry project is the first known description of the implementation of the one-step, 75-gram, 2-hour GTT in a national nurse-midwifery population.

Methods

All nurse-midwifery patients who had been diagnosed with gestational diabetes using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel's criteria between June 1, 2012 and February 28, 2013 were included. Local IRB approval was obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to report the data.

Findings

Thirty-three women were diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The gestational diabetes prevalence rate increased from approximately 4.6% to 15.6%. Forty-six percent of the women diagnosed with gestational diabetes had risk factors and were screened at less than 17 weeks' gestation. Forty-seven percent of these women were diagnosed with gestational diabetes that required medication (A2GDM) and transferred to the perinatal diabetes clinic. Twenty-eight women had given birth by the time of the analysis. Twenty-nine percent (n = 8) were induced for gestational diabetes-related indications. One woman required insulin in labor. One preterm birth at 36 weeks' gestation was not attributed to gestational diabetes. Thirty-two percent (n = 9) had previous cesarean births. There were 4 repeat cesarean births, 2 of which were for arrest of labor and 2 for fetal intolerance of labor. The unscheduled cesarean birth rate, including those who labored with a past history of cesarean, was 21.4% (n = 6). The mean (SD) infant birth weight was 3553 (477) g. There were no cases of shoulder dystocia, birth injuries, neonatal hypoglycemia, or infant-mother separation.

Discussion

A descriptive summary revealed a substantial increase in the prevalence rate in this nurse-midwifery population. Maternal diagnosis and outcomes varied by risk factor status. Neonatal outcomes were overwhelmingly normal. Utilization of resources was highest among women with A2GDM. The analysis is limited by a small sample size and provides a basis for future studies of screening criteria for gestational diabetes in the nurse-midwifery population.


Iris recognition is that identifies a user based on the unique iris texture patterns which has the functionalities of dilating or contracting pupil region. Iris recognition systems extract the iris pattern in iris image captured by iris recognition camera. Therefore performance of iris recognition is affected by the quality of iris image which includes iris pattern. If iris image is blurred, iris pattern is transformed. It causes FRR(False Rejection Error) to be increased. Optical defocusing is the main factor to make blurred iris images. In conventional iris recognition camera, they use two kinds of focusing methods such as lilted and auto-focusing method. In case of fixed focusing method, the users should repeatedly align their eyes in DOF(Depth of Field), while the iris recognition system acquires good focused is image. Therefore it can give much inconvenience to the users. In case of auto-focusing method, the iris recognition camera moves focus lens with auto-focusing algorithm for capturing the best focused image. However, that needs additional H/W equipment such as distance measuring sensor between users and camera lens, and motor to move focus lens. Therefore the size and cost of iris recognition camera are increased and this kind of camera cannot be used for small sized mobile device. To overcome those problems, we propose method to increase DOF by iris image restoration algorithm based on focus value of iris image. When we tested our proposed algorithm with BM-ET100 made by Panasonic, we could increase operation range from 48-53cm to 46-56cm.


Insular communities in Colombia have had significant lags in human development. As a strategy to help overcome these shortcomings, this paper proposes the use of technological tools such as Snap Circuits and Arduino boards. The results obtained in the first phase of the research show that this type of technology succeeds in attracting secondary school students and contributes to the generation of capacities.


We describe a 9-year-old girl who was noted to have eosinophilic myocarditis in her native heart after it was explanted during cardiac transplantation. On the basis of absence of evidence for primary or secondary eosinophilia, we suggest that the prolonged use of dobutamine prior to transplantation might have induced the eosinophilic myocarditis.


The purpose of this research focuses to development tourist's cognitive-affective indicator of destination image of entertainment places, a case study of Pattaya city, Chonburi, Thailand. And research objective to seek and encounter the development cognitive and effective indicators of tourist's destination images of entertainment places of Walking Street at Pattaya city in Chonburi province. The researchers surveyed the population of 400 respondents. The respondents were foreign tourists traveling to Pattaya Walking Street during 1 - 28 February2019. Descriptive through the SPSS program with statistical significance at the level of 0.05 and confirmatory factor analysis through the SPSS for AMOS program. The research found that foreigner are aware of cognitive image of entertainment at Pattaya Walking Street through confirmation of the structural validity of the 7 factors, including 1) the destination atmosphere 2) the destination environment 3) access and location 4) activities 5) Service 6) Facilities 7) Price and Value. And affective image is 1) astonishing 2) eased. It is obvious that the awareness and feelings towards the tourist destination are positive. Shows that foreigner are satisfied with the image of Pattaya's nightlife Chonburi province.


The mineral elements contents of copper,zinc,iron,manganese,calcium,magnesium,selenium and lead in the Rabdosia rubescens effecting human healthiness were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.After the samples were digested by HNO3 and HClO4,the contents of Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ca and Mg were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy with the measurements of integral area of signals,and the measurement of Pb and Se were based on peak area of transient signals,while background signal correction was based on Zeeman effect.The results showed that the relative standard deviation of the method was 1.22%—5.64%;and the recoveries were estimated to be 95.0%—110.5%.The limits of detection were Cu 0.034,Zn 0.0028,Fe 0.031,Mn 0.110,Ca 0.367,Mg 0.132mg·L-1,Pb 1.40μg·L-1 and Se 1.86μg·L-1(P=95%,α=0.5).The methods are simple-accurate and high-specificity,and can be used for determination of mineral elements in Rabdosia rubescens(Hemsl.)Hara.Hara holds high nutritional value,and has vast prospects for development and applications.


Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used to protect hot components from combustion gases in gas turbines. One of the most widely used TBC systems is that applied by an electron beam-physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) onto a Ni-base intermediate or bond coat. The resulting top zirconia based thermal insulator exhibits a characteristic columnar morphology. During service, the combination of severe thermal loads and high temperatures leads to the selective oxidation of the intermediate metallic coating, to TBC degradation and, eventually, to the development of microcracks. This may, in turn, be followed by spalling of the top coating, which constitutes the life limiting event for the component. Different approaches have been proposed to predict these phenomena, generally based on macroscopic TBC stresses as the driving force for TBC failure or on fracture mechanics approaches to predict interfacial or cohesive failure. However, no previous work integrates local interface damage and macroscopic stresses or stored strain energy in the prediction of TBC spallation. The objective of this thesis is to develop a multi-scale life predictive approach for TBC life which accounts for the evolution of local interface damage, and its effect on the fracture resistance relevant to the dominant failure mode, such as oxide interface spallation. Even though the study focuses on an EB-PVD TBC system, the proposed approach is generic and can be adapted to other types of TBCs. The lifetime assessment and the modelling of TBCs require an understanding of individual material properties and interface morphologies, and their in-service evolution. In this thesis, the evolution of each TBCs constituent microstructure has been investigated using scanning electron micrograph, energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques and imageprocessing analyses. Based on the understanding gained from the experimental study, a multi-scale and multi-physics approach is proposed which incorporates (i) the kinetics of oxide growth, (ii) the growth strains associated with bond coat oxidation, (iii) realistic (2D and 3D) oxide morphologies, and (iv) the morphological evolution of the oxide and top coat. The approach has been implemented into the finite element method and used to predict the local stress and strain fields driving the evolution of observed interfacial local damage (i.e. porosities, microcracks) through a local continuous damage variable. Through this numerical approach, it is also possible to take into account the time-evolution of the TBCs morphology (sintering of columnar top coat layer, oxide thickness and roughness), and microcracking under both constant and cyclic temperature histories. The proposed approach relies on the value of the interface fracture resistance, linked to the current level of interface damage, and on the global stored elastic strain energy to account for the evolution towards a critical state. The latter is assumed to be attained when the stored energy reaches the realevant fracture resistance. The time evolutions of the stored energies and the fracture resistance are inferred from simulations results and TBC life data. The approach can be easily adapted to predict TBC lifetime for long in-service conditions.


This article examines Machado de Assis' participation in two articulated publications aimedat the female readers: the Jornal das Familias and A Estacao. In a period of implementation and thegrowing number of newspapers and magazines published in Brazil, winning the readers seemed to be agood strategy. Some recognized names of our literature were very committed to writing for and aboutwomen. Early in his career Machado de Assis published a considerable number of short stories for the"gentle readers". This study suggests some possible meanings to Machado as a writer in the body ofcontributors from fashion journals and literature. We observe, therefore, as these journals were alsoinfluenced and marked the trajectory and paths chosen by the writer.


Breast cancer is a leading cause of incidence and mortality in women globally. Identifying new molecular markers can aid in cancer diagnosis, targeted therapy, and treatment monitoring. This study aimed to measure the expression of the X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1) gene, an index of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1), Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 2 (CASC2), and Long Intergenic Nonprotein Coding RNA 299 (LINC00299), as possible regulators of the UPR pathway.


In this paper, the overlapping resolution mapping (ORM) scheme in the separation of 15 plant auxins by capillary electrophoresis. An interpretative optimization approach was utilised to predict the optimum buffer pH, and the concentrations of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins. A four-dimensional overlapping resolution mapping scheme was developed to optimize these four parameters simultaneously. By conducting sixteen prelanned experiments, global optimum conditions for the separation within an acceptable analysis time could be obtained.


Face recognition is one of the foremost applications in computer vision, which often involves sensitive signals; privacy concerns have been lately raised and tackled by several recent privacy-preserving face recognition approaches. Those syste ms either take advantage of information derived from the database templates or require several interaction rounds between client and server, so they cannot address outsourced scenarios. We present a private face verification system that can be executed in the server without interaction, working with encrypted feature vectors for both the templates and the probe face. We achieve this by combining two significant contributions: a) a novel feature model for Gabor coefficients' magnitude driving a Lloyd-Max quantizer, used for reducing plaintext cardinality with no impact on performance; b) an extension of a quasi-fully homomorphic encryption able to compute, without interaction, the soft scores of an SVM operating on quantized and encrypted parameters, features and templates. We evaluate the private v erification system in terms of time and communication complexity, and in verification accuracy in widely known face databases (XM2VTS, FERET and LFW). These contributions open the door to completely private and non-interactive outsourcing of face verification.


A complex generator using a thermoelectric element and a solar cell is provided to obtain electric energy conversion efficiency above 15 % by using light-electricity conversion efficiency for photovoltaic power generation and heat-electricity conversion efficiency for solar thermal power generation. A sunlight collecting unit(10) includes a solar cell for photovoltaic power generation and a collecting lens(120) for converging the light. The solar cell and the collecting lens are arranged in a first plate(130). The solar heat generating unit(20) includes a collecting board with a protrusion(212), a thermoelectric element(220) converting the heat into electricity, and a discharging plate(240) discharging the lost heat to the outside. The protrusion distributes the heat with high temperature to the thermoelectric element uniformly by converting the light passing through the collecting lens to the heat. The thermoelectric element and the heat discharging plate are separated by a third plate(230). The thermoelectric element obtains electric energy by a seebeck effect.


The development speed of low-carbon economy is determined by the fast roll-out of the low carbon technology.With the transition from "high-carbon economy"to " low-carbon economy",the preferential policies will be of great importance to speed up the RD and application of low-carbon technology and popularize the low-carbon products.Some corresponding policies are promulgated by the national and local level driven by the introduction of a low carbon economy,which needs improving both in systematization and operability.So the carbon reduction technology and carbon sequestration technology should be confirmed selectively in combination with the local development level to put forward the science and technology policy.


In a not so subtle nod and a wink towards insolvency as a career Dr John Tribe discusses his role as an informal insolvency recruiter.


The Correlated Team Orienteering Problem (CTOP) is a routing problem where the objective is to determine a set of routes that maximizes the summation of collected rewards in the environment while respecting the vehicles' budget. However, solutions to this problem usually consider static instances and may produce poor results in dynamic real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose an approach to deal with the execution of missions planned as a CTOP instance, especially when vehicles of the team are prone to failure and may not complete their routes. The main contribution of this paper is a novel anytime heuristic that iteratively adapts the initial set of routes, allowing to increase the overall robustness of the mission and still collect the most profitable rewards. The methodology was thoroughly evaluated considering different scenarios and in all the cases was able to achieve comparable or better results in terms of reward than planning a new set of routes, however, spending considerably less time.


In O rk n ey and Shetland , oil pipelines now m ake landfalls a t tw o term inals w here, after on ly little trea tm en t, oil from N o rth Sea oilfields is tran sferred to tan k e rs fo r sh ip m ent to refineries (F igu re 1). H en ce there is p o ten tial for acc iden tal spillage, b o th from r u p tu r e d p ip e l in e s a n d f ro m t r a n s f e r o p erations, and for d irec t h a rm to C om m on E iders S o m a ter ia m o llissim a th ro u g h oiling, o r ind irect effects th ro u g h the con tam in a tio n o r destru c tio n o f their food. T h e num bers o f E iders in Shetland , and their d istribu tion th ere th ro u g h the year, have been s tud ied in detail b y P K K , w hilst D avid L ea h as extensive unpublished d a ta for p a rts o f O rkney . T his p ap er, how ever, is con cern ed m ain ly w ith th e s ituation in these tw o island g ro u p s du ring th e period o f the b ird s' m oult w hen th ey a re flightless, and hence p a rticu la rly vu lnerab le to oil bo rne on the sea. T h e raw d a ta are d o cum en ted in rep o rts to th e N a tu re C o n se rv an cy C ouncil.


Irrigation in the Australian cotton industry has traditionally been dominated by the use of furrow inigation practiced aimost exclusively on the heavy clay soils associated with riverme flood plains. However, increasing pressures on water availability, expansion onto more marginalsoils, the potential yield benefits of improved control of soil-water in the root zone, and the potential for reduced labour, fertiliser and pesticide costs have raised grower interest in alternative inigation application techniques. in order to make infonned investrnent decisions regarding irrigation application systeins, it is necessary to understand the characteristics and performance of both the existing and alternative systerns available.


The records include not only the range of Anomala orientalis and Aseriw castanea. but notes on their general abundance during the past four years at localities where they have been found to occur in New York State. The drought, which was the longest dry period that has been recorded in this area, decreased the abundance of these beetles. The use of lead arsenate in top-dressing lawns has helped to reduce the abundance of the beetles.


This paper will explore the connections between rabbinical Judaism, rational–emotive behavioural therapy (REBT), and related forms of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Seven main themes are identified. Both the Judaic tradition and REBT/CBT emphasised that honest and accurate self-understanding are the keys to self-improvement; that the intellect is capable of directing the emotional faculties; that an individual's overt behaviours and actions can influence his thoughts and emotions; that one should cultivate self-sufficiency and acceptance of one's circumstances; that all individuals have intrinsic and unalienable value as human beings; that happiness and unhappiness are internally caused; and finally, that immediate gratification is ultimately not reliable a source of self-fulfilment.


Laser control of solids has so far mainly been discussed in the context of strong classical nonlinear light-matter coupling in a pump-probe framework. Here we propose a quantum-electrodynamical setting to address the coupling of a low-dimensional quantum material to quantized electromagnetic fields in nanocavities. Using a protoypical model system describing FeSe/SrTiO$_3$, we study how the formation of phonon polaritons at the 2D interface of the material modifies its superconducting properties in a Migdal-Eliashberg simulation. We find that through highly polarizable dipolar phonons, cavity-induced superconductivity is possible at temperatures above the bare critical temperature of the system. Our results demonstrate that quantum cavities enable the engineering of fundamental couplings in solids paving the way to unprecedented control of material properties.


Collagen is being used extensively in tissue engineering and on a larger scale in the field of cosmetic surgery. It is either used as a gel or plastically compressed sheet. The fundamental science behind collagen gelling has been studied but little is known about the precise timing of gelling and the variables that affect gelling in the first 30 minutes. Critically, before collagen can be engineered as a predictable functional material we must be able to control fibril aggregation and gel formation. Here we report on the use of elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) to detect changes in scattering in rat tail and GMP bovine skin collagen during gelling. Effect of cell seeding on gelling is also reported.


With the emergence of a converged standard for wireless local area networks (WLAN), the stage is set for a multimode marketplace. Much like its wired predecessor, wireless Ethernet (802.11) will flourish in an environment characterized by multimode operation. Converging the separate 10and 100-megabit per second technologies of wired Ethernet into the now familiar 10/100 networks accelerated the market's acceptance of wired Ethernet. The same should be expected of WLAN technology and the merging of the 802.11b and 802.11a versions of the standard into 802.11g.


The authors describe a new digital algorithm for quasi-perfect tracking control (QPTC) of non-minimal phase systems. The algorithm computes a feedforward signal in two steps: (1) a feedforward signal based on the zero phase error tracking control (ZPETC) algorithm of M. Tomizuka (1987); and (2) a compensation of the remaining tracking error with an additional feedforward. First, a closed-form expression is derived for the relation between the z-transform of the desired output signal and the z-transform of the tracking error resulting from the ZPETC algorithm. From this expression, the time and frequency domain properties are derived. These properties give insight into the parameters that influence the tracking error. Second, the QPTC algorithm is discussed and verified by simulation results. It shows a drastic improvement of tracking over the ZPETC algorithm.<<ETX>>


This article examines how "cosmopolitan memory" works in Brian Castro's Shanghai Dancing as a way of challenging a notion of identity confined within nation-state and community. Shanghai Dancing is the seventh book by Brian Castro, who currently lives and teaches in Adelaide. it was written over eight years and was refused by Australian publishing agents several times. eventually, ivor indyk at Giramondo press, who has helped Castro publish several of his books, put this book into print, and recommends it as Castro's most important work (sullivan, qtd. in Brennan 1). i regard it as his most representative book, in that it not only challenges conventional ways of writing by contesting the genres of fiction and autobiography, but also demonstrates the relations between memory and identity. Quoting from Castro's own words about memory and self in Shanghai Dancing, this paper is interested in discussing how a fictional autobiography can contest the notion of identity defined by ethnicity and nationality. it examines Castro's representations of "cosmopolitan memory" based on the theory of cosmopolitanism, and borrowing light from daniel Levy and natan sznaider's definition of "cosmopolitan memory" (Levy and sznaider).THE NOTION OF "COSMOPOLITAN MEMORY"Maurice Halbwachs has argued that "it is in society that people normally acquire their memories. it is also in society that they recall, recognize, and localize their memories" (38). Under the trend of globalization, representations of collective memories have transcended the borders and become what is called "cosmopolitan memory." in Shanghai Dancing, the family memories of Castro's central characters Antonio and Arnaldo interweave and merge into global historical events dating back as early as the year 1639, when "the portuguese were evicted from Japan" (Castro, Writing Asia 103), as depicted in the novel. Castro does not intend to only represent his family memories, but rather how these memories crack the boundaries of nation and ethnicity, and how the transnational remembrances contribute to the formation of cosmopolitan memory.What is cosmopolitan memory? What is its relation with collective memory? How is cosmopolitan memory represented in Shanghai Dancing? How does cosmopolitan memory inf luence understandings of identity in the novel? As Levy and sznaider argue, there is a recent trend called "internal globalization" (quoting Beck et al. 88) through which global concerns become part of the local experiences of an increasing number of people. Based on this, Levy further proposes cosmopolitan memory as a different kind of memory, "a memory transcending ethnic and national boundaries" (88). About the relationships between cosmopolitan memory and collective memory, Levy and sznaider argue that the conventional concept of collective memory is embedded within the "container of the nation-state" while this container is in the process of being slowly cracked (88). they argue,Our central objective is to trace the decoupling of collective memory and national history. national and ethnic memories are transformed in the age of globalization rather than erased. they continue to exist, of course, but globalization processes also imply that different national memories are subjected to a common patterning. [. . .] the new, global narrative has to be reconciled with the old, national narratives; and the result is always distinctive. (89)The definition of cosmopolitan memory, of course, should be related to the notion of cosmopolitanism. Remaining a problematic term that is still undergoing questionable re-definition, there is some consensus on the original meaning and philosophical references of cosmopolitanism. derived from the Greek words for "world" (cosmos) and "city" (polis), it refers to "a man without fixed abode, or better, a man who is nowhere a stranger" (pheng Cheah 4, 297). Cheah comments that the term's philosophical usage, to refer to a "citizen of the universe," however, emphasizes that this intellectual ethos or spirit is not one of rootlessness (487). …