It is increasingly acknowledged that a priori statistical power estimation for planned studies with multiple model parameters is inherently a multivariate problem. Power for individual parameters of interest cannot be reliably estimated univariately because sampling variably in, correlation with, and variance explained relative to one parameter will impact the power for another parameter, all usual univariate considerations being equal. Explicit solutions in such cases, especially for models with many parameters, are either impractical or impossible to solve, leaving researchers with the prevailing method of simulating power. However, point estimates for a vector of model parameters are uncertain, and the impact of inaccuracy is unknown. In such cases, sensitivity analysis is recommended such that multiple combinations of possible observable parameter vectors are simulated to understand power trade-offs. A limitation to this approach is that it is computationally expensive to generate sufficient sensitivity combinations to accurately map the power trade-off function in increasingly high dimensional spaces for the models that social scientists estimate. This paper explores the efficient estimation and graphing of statistical power for a study over varying model parameter combinations. Optimally powering a study is crucial to ensure a minimum probability of finding the hypothesized effect. We first demonstrate the impact of varying parameter values on power for specific hypotheses of interest and quantify the computational intensity of computing such a graph for a given level of precision. Finally, we propose a simple and generalizable machine learning inspired solution to cut the computational cost to less than 7% of what could be called a brute force approach. Empirically we show that such a model can achieve over 97% testing accuracy, which is within 1% error for statistical power. We achieve such a high model performance with careful tuning for a simple linear regression and repeated measures ANOVA, and by adopting the approach, well-beyond into much more complex models. Moreover, we can automate the tuning procedure based on user-specified levels of desired precision. Statistical power is quantitatively equal to the probability and thus, plays a crucial role in ensuring the probability of finding an effect of hypothesized interest in any study. Historically, the simplest and most direct way to improve power is to increase the study's sample size, as mathematically, it Copyright © 2022, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. has the most significant impact with respect to what the researcher can control (Cohen 1992). However, there are practical considerations to make when increasing sample size. In the case of a rare disease study, the total population itself might be small, difficult to locate, and even more challenging to engage, as in earlyand late-stage neuro-genetic syndromes (Button et al. 2013; Szucs and Ioannidis 2017). On the other hand, there could be access or funding issues with increasing the number of participants a researcher wishes to obtain. In this article, we empirically show that even tuning the model parameters (i.e., weights) can dramatically change the study's power. Thus, the change in model parameters can push the study from a mid-powered study to a well-powered study even for a constant sample size. For the rest of the article, we assume that a well-powered study is one where the power is higher than 0.8. Fig. 1 demonstrates that even for a fixed sample size (here, N = 105), the power can range from 0.3 to 1 varying on the values of the model weights. In fig. 1 we compute power gradients by considering the directional change between clusters derived by KMeans where power and the squared L2-norm of the model parameters represent the point coordinates. Thus, generating such a manifold, as shown in Fig. 1 can exceptionally aid researchers in identifying areas of high power. Enabling access to these plots is thus a simple way of reducing the ideal sample size without sacrificing power. However, as described in Algorithm 1, computing power even once requires 200-1000 simulations. Further, the manifold parameter space, including the model weights, sample size, and additional hyperparameter choices, is enormous. For instance, for a seven predictor model, with 11 choices per predictor and 11 choices for the N , we have a parameter space of 11. Computation for this vast space might even take days. Thus, in this work, we look at cheaper alternatives to simulating the entire power manifold. We present three different contributions• We first provide an unsupervised algorithm, POWERCLUSTER, to easily separate the parameter space into areas of distinct power values with no power calculation. • Since POWERCLUSTER does not generalize well; We provide a supervised learning algorithm POWERNETWORK which utilizes a simple neural network to predict ar X iv :2 20 1. 00 71 9v 1 [ st at .M E ] 2 9 D ec 2 02 1 power in the manifold with accuracy greater than 97%. We demonstrate the efficacy of the model on two standard models-REG AND RMANOVA (both described later in the Experiments section). • Finally, we provide insights into the limitations of both methods over the change in the number of predictors and the complexity of the underlying model. We organize the rest of the article as follows. We first detail the relevant literature and highlight the background information required to build our algorithms. We provide pseudocodes for the core and auxiliary algorithms in this section. Finally, we present our empirical results, highlight the significant wins and report the limitations in the next section. Finally, we also present potential future work. Figure 1: Change in power over varying model coefficients (β) and a fixed N(= 105). We observe significant power gradient over clusters derived by KMeans for a threepredictor linear regression model for a partial f-test.


______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies 7 (2007) Page 18 N arsai stands out as the preeminent theologian among the fifthcentury East Syrian Christians. While acknowledged as an ardent defender of Theodore of Mopsuestia and hailed as both the founder of the School of Nisibis and an unusually skilled poet, almost no attention has been paid—until recently—to his writings and to his person. Fortunately, some 80 of his homilies are extant, but with only a few having been translated into modern languages. These nevertheless provide more than ample grounds for justifying the critical judgement that Narsai is indeed a committed follower of Theodore of Mopsuestia's christological thought and well honored with the title "the Harp of the Spirit." To spell out in some detail how Narsai mirrors Theodore's outlook will now be the object of this paper. While Theodore and Narsai overlap in their theological positions, they do differ in their purposes, styles and the audiences to and for whom they were writing. Theodore was a biblical theologian who wrote wellreasoned commentaries in Greek that remained faithful to what any given Scripture text actually states. While Narsai followed Theodore's literal, historical and rational method of interpreting Scripture, he wrote in a much wider vein, more interested in the overall spiritual and occasionally polemical themes that a scriptural passage might contain or suggest. In today's context, Theodore would be viewed as a systematic theologian, and Narsai a gifted, poetic popularizer. Because our time is limited, I intend now to restrict my comments to two areas where both Theodore and Narsai can be clearly shown to be close, if not identical, in their thought, despite their other differences. The first will treat in detail how they understand Adam and Christ's humanity to be God's "image." This will provide insight into how they both interpret scriptural texts and how they understand salvation as a transformation from a state of earthly mortality, to one of immortality as well as how baptism plays a central role in this drama. The second stress will center on the meaning Theodore and Narsai attach to the christological terms that they use to express Christ as being one person (prosôpon/ parsôpâ) with two hypostaseis/qnôme and two natures (physeis/kyane). Afterwards we will expand upon this to illustrate how their functional understanding has impacted upon their usual ways of speaking about Christ. In developing these points, we will discover how Theodore and Narsai enrich our underNARSAI'S DEPENDENCE ON THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA


Distribution networks have, in general, the electrical energy flow unidirectional from substation to customers. With high levels of distributed energy resources integration, the energy may flow backwards which creates challenges with legacy circuit designs and control techniques. The Distribution System Operator fixes a set-point and prepares scenarios and ranges based on seasonal load curves. However, the growing of distributed energy resources, distributed storage, flexible load and plug-in-electrical vehicles brings to the distribution systems substantial challenges. On one hand, the uncontrolled charging load may occur coincidentally with the peak hours. On the other hand the photovoltaic and wind generation may occur coincidentally with the off-peak hours and will affect or even deteriorate the operation performance of distribution systems dramatically. In both cases, the voltage regulators need to have their settings previously evaluated for these different operating conditions. From these considerations, this paper presents an innovative methodology to distributed voltage control developed to a Brazilian power utility (CEEE-D) from the project named Intelligent Dynamic Control for Voltage Regulators and Supervisory Systems in a Smart Grid Environment Code ANEEL PD-5707-4301/2015. The methodology is not restricted to voltage regulators settings. It acts also evaluating the hierarchy between the voltage regulators, adjusting the delay time, based on the network topology. The results are provided using a typical utility distribution circuit from Electrical Energy State Company-CEEE-D. Moreover, the authors discuss further opportunities and challenges in this field of research.


The present study investigates the influence of low concentrations of acetic acid vapor on the atmospheric corrosion of lead. The samples were exposed to synthetic air with careful control of relative humidity (95%), temperature (22.00 degrees C), acetic acid concentration (170-1100 ppb), CO2 concentration (350 ppm), and flow conditions. The exposure times were between 1 and 4 weeks. Mass gain results are reported. The corrosion products were analyzed by ion chromatography, quantitative carbonate analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology of the exposed samples was investigated with environmental scanning electron microscope. The results show that low concentrations of acetic acid vapor are very corrosive toward lead. The mass gain is linear with time and depends linearly on the acetic acid concentration. It is suggested that the corrosion of lead in the presence of traces of acetic acid vapor is electrochemical in nature. The corrosion products found were plumbonacrite, Pb10O(OH)(6)(CO3)(6), lead acetate oxide hydrate (Pb(CH3COO)(2)center dot 2PbO center dot H2O), and lead oxide, PbO. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society.


Activator Proteins for Lysosomal Glycolipid Hydrolases Isolation and Analysis of Cell Walls from Plant Material Electro-Optical Reflection Methods for Studying Bioactive Substances at Electrode-Solution Interfaces - An Approach to Biosurface Behaviour Isoelectric Focusing in Immobilized pH Gradients: Theory and Newer Technology Assays for Superoxide Dismutase The Radiation Inactivation Method as a Tool to Study Structure-Function Relationships in Proteins Immunoassay with Electrochemical Detection.


Abstract Intestinal absorption of vitamin B 12 labeled with radiocobalt (Co 60 ), using the urinary excretion method of Schilling, was determined in six nonanemic patients infected with Diphyllobothrium latum, four with Tacnia saginata, twelve with Ascaris lumbricoides, one with Necator americanus, one with Trichuris trichiura, and eight with Giardia lamblia. Normal urinary excretion ranging from 8 to 22 per cent of the oral dose was found in all instances, except that one patient with both giardiasis and sprue excreted only 1 per cent of the dose; this was thought to be caused by the sprue and not the giardiasis. Seven fish tapeworms (D. latum) showed significant uptake of Co 60 -tagged vitamin B 12 varying from 2.6 to 13.7 per cent of the oral dose given to the host, whereas none of the other helminths showed any appreciable uptake. The relationship of these findings to the development of pernicious anemia caused by tapeworms and the geographic differences in the ability of D. latum to interfere with absorption of vitamin B 12 and produce macrocytic anemia in the host are discussed.


As the experts who have taken for granted the merits of utilizing the concrete as the most common material in the structural industry, there is a need to take affirmative steps to enhance the concrete's weaknesses such as the low ductility and energy absorption capacity. One possible way to improve the mechanical properties of concrete is to add liquid silicone rubber to the concrete. Silicone rubber is an elastomer (rubber-like material) composed of liquid rubber polymer and its hardener which is widely used in voltage line insulators, automotive applications, and medical devices. In order to increase the ductility and energy absorption of concrete, the liquid silicone rubber replaced a portion of mineral aggregates in concrete. HSRC (hybrid silicone rubber concrete) is a mixture of liquid silicone rubber with fresh concrete that liquid silicone rubber after 24 hours becomes a flexible solid rubber with low strength. In this paper, liquid silicone rubber was used to replace 0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of the total mineral aggregate's volume in concrete. Standard specimens were fabricated and tested. The fresh HSRC exhibited acceptable workability and lower unit weight compared to ordinary plain concrete. The uniaxial compressive strain-control test was conducted on the hardened HSRC specimens to obtain the complete stress-strain curve. The results showed that, with the increase of liquid silicone rubber in concrete, the amount of compressive strength, splitting tensile stress, and elastic modulus decreased. It was also observed that the percentage of reduction in compressive strength was greater than the percentage of reduction in tensile strength. Increasing silicone rubber concentration in HSRC changes the brittle mode of failure to ductile that demonstrated using nonlinearity indices. Unlike plain concrete, the failure state in HSRC occurs gently and uniformly and does not cause so much separation in the specimens. Larger deformation and higher toughness indices were obtained, when the silicone rubber concentration was increased.


Although back-translation has been effective in text data augmentation, the neural translation system needs to be trained with expensive parallel corpus and can generate noisy samples. Therefore, this paper proposes four simple yet effective text data augmentation without contributing non-negligible label noise. Meanwhile, this paper also addresses false information generation of question answering system and proposes Probability-Mixing, a semi-supervised learning approach that mixes augumented text data. This method improves F1(TP) from 83.58 to 87.51 and reduces the FPR of answerable questions from 0.3 to 0.18. It also improves the EM score from 64.40 to 67.08. Ensembling all method achieves an EM score of 69.96 and an F1 score of 72.40. The best model achieves 64.95/67.79 for EM/F1 score on the test set.


Sexual assault is a social problem that exists in our societies under the umbrella of secrecy on matters related to sex. The fact that it exists and it has great negative impacts on the lives of the victims necessitates the need to know more about it.  Campus environment consists of sexually active individuals who are prone to sexual assault. This paper examines the magnitude of the problem with emphasis on the role of students as victims and perpetrators on one side and college administrators as the responsible individuals for its elimination on the other side. For female students it clarifies that they are the major victims of sexual assault while at the campus. Male students fall in the category of the sexual assault perpetrators to their fellow female students. The major contradiction is that all students in general do not know exactly what it entails by sexual assault and the environment that may lead to its occurrence.  On the other side most of victim students do not report the incidence as they hardly expect positive measures in their favor.  For administrators, they require to have the willingness to stop the incident but also to understand what it entails by sexual assault so as to be able to combat it at the colleges and among their students. This paper ends by a call for providing more education on sexual assault to both students and college administrators. Further research has to be made for understanding the nature of magnitude and prevalence sexual assault within the colleges .


The model of nanosized diamond particles formation at metastable P-T parameters from a C-H-O fluid system is presented. It explains the hydrothermal formation and growth of diamond and the specifics of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond synthesis gas mixtures at low P-T parameters. Further, the model explains the genesis of interstellar nanodiamond formations in space and the genesis of metamorphic microdiamonds in shallow depth Earth rocks. In contrast to models where many possible reactions are considered, the present model makes the simplest possible assumptions about the key processes, and is then able to account for various tendencies seen in experimental data.


The formalisms of the probability distribution and of the associated generator function are used to establish the equations for the first and second moments of the numbers of susceptible and contagious individuals. Applications are given for the linear cases for the epidemic evolutions, for the endemic situations and for virosis in course of eradication.


The development and expansion of the modern world cannot be separated from the support of electricity. The 'pollution-free' and unlimited renewable energy plays an increasingly important role in the energy supply market. Started with the interpretation of world energy consumption from 2008 to 2017, this paper takes Africa (primarily rural Africa), which has a shallow electricity connection rate, as an example to discuss the feasibility of deploying solar photovoltaic(PV) systems through analyzing its natural resources, government policies, and other factors. It briefly described both off-grid and grid-connected solar PV systems and their possible technical issues. Moreover, the potential socio-economic effects of the deployment of solar PV systems in the region have been predicted. Solar PV systems can solve the power supply issues for the people who live in rural areas with unsound infrastructure. Further research will quantify the benefits and analyze the impact factors to optimize the utility equation.


This study aims to determine whether there is an influence between the development of tourist objects on tourist satisfaction at the tourist attraction of Fort Rotterdam in Makassar City. This research was conducted at the tourist attraction of Fort Rotterdam, the population of which was all visitors who visited in 2019, amounting to 2,350 people. To determine the sample to be the respondent is determined by the Slovin formula so that the sample is 96 tourists, while the data collection techniques used questionnaires and interviews, while the data analysis used the statistical product moment correlation with the rough number formula (rXY). The results of data analysis show that the influence of tourism development on tourist satisfaction has a strong correlation, indicated by the correlation coefficient rcount of 0.782 in fact> (greater) than r table of 0.195 at a significant level of 5% and 0.254 at a significant level of 1%. The results of the calculation of the coefficient of determination show that the Tourism Object Development variable (X) has an effect of 78.2% on the tourist satisfaction variable (Y), while the remaining 21.8% is influenced by other variables which are not investigated in this study.
Keywords: Satisfaction, Tours, Rotterdam Fort, Makassar City


Objective:To compare curative effects of matrix moxibustion and routine medicine in treating functional dyspepsia of spleen-stomach Qi deficiency pattern.Method: All 80 patients were separated into the treatment group and the control group equally.The treatment group received matrix moxibustion and the control group took domperidone.Curative effects of both groups were compared after 30 days.Result: Cure rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(P0.05).Comparison within one group showed significant difference between before and after treating in symptom scale(P0.05);comparisons between both groups after treating demonstrated significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion: Matrix moxibustion is effective in treating functional dyspepsia of spleen-stomach Qi deficiency pattern.


Objective To determine the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence between 2 ribavirin tablets in healthy volunteers.Methods A single oral dose of 2 ribavirin tablets was given to 18 healthy volunteers in a randomized 2-period crossover study.The concentrations of ribavirin in the plasma were determined by the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method.The plasma concentration-time curves were plotted and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference tablets in the plasma were as follows:tmax was(1.35 ± 0.38)and(1.33 ± 0.50)h,Cmax was(674.8±227.7)and(693.9±223.3)ng·mL-1;t1/2 was(25.6±6.0)and(26.6±5.3)h,AUC0~t was(8 606.2 ± 2 132.0)and(8 452.0 ± 1 978.8)ng·h·mL-1;AUC0~∞ was(9 903.3 ± 2 494.1)and(9 632.1 ± 2 404.2)ng·h·mL-1,respectively.The relative bioavailability of the tested drug was(102.2 ± 9.5)%.Conclusion The 2 ribavirin formulations are bioequivalent in healthy volunteers.


Appropriately designed transition metal oxide heterostructures involving small band gap Mott insulators are argued to support spatially separated electron and hole gasses at equilibrium. Spatial separations and carrier densities favoring the formation of excitonic states are achievable. The excitonic states may exhibit potentially novel properties. Energetic estimates are given, candidate material systems are discussed, and the possibility of large photvoltaic effects is mentioned


In this two-volume work, hundreds of alphabetically arranged entries survey contemporary lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and queer American literature and its social contexts. * Hundreds of alphabetically arranged entries discuss authors, literary works, movements, genres, and social issues * An alphabetical list of entries offers a quick survey of the encyclopedia's contents * A guide to related topics quickly and conveniently directs readers to entries likely to interest them * Bibliographies for specific entries help students find sources of additional information on specialized topics * A selected, general bibliography directs students to the most helpful print and electronic resources on contemporary LGBTQ American literature


Be it for a malicious or legitimate purpose, packing, a transformation that consists in applying various operations like compression or encryption to a binary file, i.e. for making reverse engineering harder or obfuscating code, is widely employed since decades already. Particularly in the field of malware analysis where a stumbling block is evasion, it has proven effective and still gives a hard time to scientists who want to efficiently detect it. While already extensively covered in the scientific literature, it remains an open issue especially when considering its detection time and accuracy trade-off. Many approaches, including machine learning, have been proposed but most studies often restrict their scope (i.e. malware and PE files), rely on uncertain datasets (i.e. built based on a super-detector or using labels from an questionable source) and do no provide any open implementation, which makes comparing state-of-the-art solutions tedious. Considering the many challenges that packing implies, there exists room for improvement in the way it is addressed, especially when dealing with static detection techniques. In order to tackle with these challenges, we propose an experimental toolkit, aptly called the Packing Box, leveraging automation and containerization in an open source platform that brings a unified solution to the research community and we showcase it with some experiments including unbiased ground truth generation, data visualization, machine learning pipeline automation and performance of open source packing static detectors.


Provide a kind of detection method and detection device of the comment spam of image capture device.The detection method includes:Feature Words and emotion word in the comment of extraction one, and determine the first feeling polarities of the emotion word;It is determined that in the associated picture shot as described image capture device characteristics of image corresponding with the Feature Words and emotion word the second feeling polarities;Compare first feeling polarities and second feeling polarities, and if first feeling polarities and second feeling polarities are inconsistent, it is determined that the comment is comment spam.This method is evaluated the objectivity of comment thus is had higher accuracy of detection based on the Concrete facts such as comment information and associated picture, and this method need not spend substantial amounts of manual time to be handled, it is thus possible to is quickly detected from comment spam.


This article traces the history of teaching composition in high schools in Australia. It then covers the requirements of the current Higher School Certificate in music composition and discusses the implications for music teachers.


Marx and Engels often declared themselves in favour of a transition furthered by worker management of firms, and one purpose of this article is to suggest that the establishment of a system of producer cooperatives would be the ideal way out of capitalism. Starting out from the Marxian definition of revolution as the transition from one production mode to another, the author expatiates on the concept of production mode and on different possible modes of transition. Another issue worth raising is whether producer cooperatives should be eligible for state support and also this subject is briefly addressed in this paper.


To get the mathematical models of latticed signals need to use delta-function of Dirac with take into account it features was prove; write mathematical models of latticed signals and formulas of discrete transformations by Laplas and Fourier was got; results use for determined and casual signals. Refs.: 12 titles.


Counterfeit products, especially in the pharmaceutical sector, have plagued the international community for decades [56]. To combat this problem, many anti-counterfeiting approaches have been proposed [43,79,88,99]. They use either Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Near Field Communication (NFC) physical tags affixed to the products. Current anti-counterfeiting approaches detect two counterfeiting attacks: (1) modifications to a product's tag details, such as changing the expiration date; and (2) cloning of a genuine product's details to reuse on counterfeit products. In addition, these anti-counterfeiting approaches track-and-trace the physical locations of products as the products flow through supply chains. Existing approaches suffer from two main drawbacks. They cannot detect tag reapplication attacks, wherein a counterfeiter removes a legitimate tag from a genuine product and reapplies it to a counterfeit or expired product. Second, most existing approaches typically rely on a central server to authenticate products. This is not scalable and creates tremendous processing burden on the server, since significant volumes of products flood through the supply chain's nodes. In addition, centralized supply chains require substantial data storage to store authentication records for all products. Moreover, as with centralized systems, traditional supply chains inherently have the problem of a single-point of failure. The thesis of this dissertation is that a robust, scalable, counterfeiting-resistant


Motor is the important equipment providing power for WK10B excavator. Analyzing common faults of motors for the excavator and their causes, the article proposes the method solving motor faults by current advanced test and analysis and verifies it by definite case. The results show that the method could judge the motor faults accurately and quickly, that aims to promote service efficiency and decrease the equipment maintenance cost and motor faults


In this paper we survey the known results and open problems in the axiomatizations of the modal and temporal logics of the structures Rn and Zn with the relations , ≺, and Robb's α. We also briefly consider some results concerning Nn.


Migrant workers show an increase in the incidence of serious, psychotic, anxiety, and post-traumatic disorders due to a series of socio-environmental variables, such as loss of social status, discrimination, and separations from the family. The purpose is to elaborate a systematic review and highlight the prevailing psychological pathologies of these workers and categories most at risk. Our research included articles published from 2009 to 2019 on the major databases (Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) using a combination of some keywords. The online search indicated 1.228 references. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, we analyzed 127 articles, in particular 12 reviews and 115 original articles. Principal emerging disorders from the research are depressive syndrome (poor concentration at work, feeling down, or anger and somatization), anxiety, alcohol or substance abuse, and poor sleep quality. This causes low life conditions, which is also due to marginalization from the social context and strenuous work; in fact, migrant workers may suffer verbal or physical abuse, and they are often employed in dangerous, unhealthy jobs. It is therefore essential to increase the role of occupational medicine and promote wellbeing for this vulnerable job category.


The invention relates to a method for acquiring a windowless RichEdit control text content and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, mounting a message hook for monitoring a window event; secondly, modifying an entry address of establishing a text service target function of an RichEdit module in a chat software in the process of monitoring the window event; thirdly, calling a HOOK function to obtain the interface pointer of a text service target; and finally accessing the RichEdit control according to the text service target interface. The invention solves the technical problem of analyzing a network layer protocol through an algorithm secret key so as to monitor the chat information. The invention can be applied to monitoring the chat content using instant chat software.


A sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) for simultaneous analysis of following five flavonoids like Gallic acid (GA), Caffeic acid (CA), Rutin (RU), Ferulic acid (FA) and Quercetin (QU) in Amaranthus caudatus (Sirukeerai) leaves. The results demonstrated that the Amaranthus caudatus leaves were separately extracted and analyzed using RP HPLC method. The contents of Gallic acid (0.083 μg/gm), Caffeic acid (0.004 μg/gm), Rutin (0.019 μg/gm), Quercetin (0.001 μg/gm) and Ferulic acid (0.001 μg/gm) in Amaranthus caudatus leaves. The GC-MS study also carried out and it showed the presence of phytochemicals. Hence these plants extracts with the property of bioavailability and retention of certain minerals by polyphenolic compounds can be recommended for their use as an alternative anti-infective agent in natural medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases.


Based on supervisory control problem of modular production system(MPS),a structured 3-layer extended Petri net(PN) is proposed,which describes the MPS in view of entire system,components and details respectively.The message-places are employed to solve communication problem among different sub-PNs.This method not only reduces the MPS modeling complexity efficiently,and enhances the reliability and reusability of the corresponding supervisory control system.Finally supervisory control software for the MPS is developed in terms of the PN modeling,to certify the effectiveness of this method.


While the underlying mechanisms associated with doping are complex and multifaceted, coaches have been highlighted as potential agents. On the one hand, coaches have played a role in facilitating or encouraging the use of prohibited substances or methods (PSM) (e.g., Dubin, 1990; Laure, Thouvenin, & Lecerf, 2001; Underleiger, 2001). Yet on the other, coaches are protective agents (e.g., Kirby, Moran, & Guerin, 2011) who acknowledge that they have a responsibility to prevent doping (Figved, 1991; Fjeldheim, 1992; Fung & Yuan, 2006; Laure et al., 2001). Consequently, the potential influence of coaches is reflected in anti-doping policy. The World Anti-Doping Code ([WADC]: World AntiDopingAgency [WADA], 2009) states that athlete support personnel (ASP),1 such as coaches, should be "knowledgeable of and comply with all anti-doping policies and rules," "use their influence on athlete values and behavior to foster anti-doping attitudes" (p. 113), and "educate and counsel athletes regarding anti-doping policies and rules" (p. 99). As ASP, coaches are subject to sanctions if they violate anti-doping policy, including encouraging, assisting, aiding, abetting, or covering up the use of PSM, as well as trafficking, possessing, administering of PSM, or "any other type of complicity involving an attempted or actual anti-doping rule violation" (WADA, 2009, p. 25). To aid coaches in fulfilling the anti-doping role outlined in the WADC, sporting and anti-doping organizations are expected to provide education programs to this stakeholder group (WADA, 2009). In this vein, WADA created The Coach's Tool Kit in 2007, which evolved into the CoachTrue ("Elite" and "Recreational")


There are a lot of catalysts described in literature which are applied in the menadione synthesis, however the majority of them gives low selectivity (<40%), is toxic, pollutes the prime product and gives a considerable quantity of by-products [1]. We decided to use the based on HPS catalysts, because of their properties. Hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) is rigid polymeric network of polystyrene linked by methylene bridges. Rigid polymeric matrix of HPS allows stabilizing metal nanoparticles and controlling their growth, due to the presence of nanopores with high degree of monodispersion [2].


A GaAsSb/InGaAs type-II quantum well laser diode on GaAs substrates was demonstrated for the first time. Threshold current density of 610 A/cm/sup 2/ was obtained from a 1.1 mm-long broad area laser with the emission wavelength of 1.2 /spl mu/m.


A novel adaptive Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) framework for uncertainty forecasting in nonlinear dynamical systems is presented. A closed-loop architecture is created that controls transient foreca...


Poster: "ECR 2016 / B-0691 / Screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) by two-phased whole body CT (WBCT) after acute blunt trauma using modified Denver criteria: a review of 373 cases" by: "E. Varjonen1, F. V. Bensch1, S. K. Koskinen2; 1Helsinki/FI, 2Stockholm/SE"


Wireless mesh networks is a network which has high mobility and flexibility network. In Wireless mesh networks nodes are free to move and able to automatically build a network connection with other nodes. High mobility, heterogeneous condition and intermittent network connectivity cause data packets drop during wireless communication and it becomes a problem in the wireless mesh networks. This condition can happen because wireless mesh networks use connectionless networking type such as IP protocol which it is not tolerant to delay. To solve this condition it is needed a technology to keep data packets when the network is disconnect. Delay tolerant technology is a technology that provides store and forward mechanism and it can prevent packet data dropping during communication. In our research, we proposed a test bed wireless mesh networks implementation by using proactive routing protocol and combining with delay tolerant technology. We used Batman-adv routing protocol and IBR-DTN on our research. We measured some particular performance aspect of networking such as packet loss, delay, and throughput of the network. We identified that delay tolerant could keep packet data from dropping better than current wireless mesh networks in the intermittent network condition. We also proved that IBR-DTN and Batman-adv could run together on the wireless mesh networks. In The experiment throughput test result of IBR-DTN was higher than Current TCP on the LoS (Line of Side) and on environment with obstacle. Keywords : Delay Tolerant, IBR-DTN, Wireless Mesh, Batman-adv,  Performance


The Nasmyth platforms of the E-ELT will contain one Prefocal Station (PFS) each. The main PFS functional requirements are to provide a focal plane to the three Nasmyth focal stations and the Coudé focus, optical sensing supporting telescope low order optimisation and seeing limited image quality, and optical sensing supporting characterising and phasing of M1 and other telescope subsystems. The PFS user requirements are used to derive the PFS technical requirements specification that will form the basis for design, development and production of the system. This specification process includes high-level architectural decisions and technical performance budget allocations. The mechanical design concepts reported here have been developed in order to validate key system specifications and associated technical budgets.


From March of 2001 through March of 2006, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) supplemented its zero-interest-rate policy (ZIRP) with a policy of quantitative easing (QEP). QEP included an expansion of bank reserves and related holdings, as the BOJ significantly increased its direct purchases of Japanese government bonds (JGBs) and other securities. Japanese economic activity clearly improved during QEP. Real GDP growth averaged 1.8 percent from 2001-2007, about a percentage point higher than in the six-year period from 1995 to 2001. Growth of Japanese GDP relative to working-age population in fact compared favorably with that of the United States (top of exhibit 1). However, core inflation remained stubbornly negative throughout the period, although rising oil prices pushed headline inflation into positive territory (bottom of exhibit 1).


The effect of the strain rate on tensile behaviour has been investigated for 4 metallic materials. From the tests, a two-stage linear relation has been found between yield stress(σ_s) and strain rate(e),σ_s=σ_0+klge. A new mechanism of thermal activation produced by the response of thermal vibration of dislocation lines to loading frequences was suggested, from which the critical strain rate calculated is in agreement with the measured one.Base on these studies the disspative map of the effect of e on σs can be re-divided into rich-, poor-thermal activation region.


Introduction: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the prevalent disorders amidst children over the world. Due to the side effects of medications used in the treatment of this disorder, this study aimed to survey the impact of neurofeedback on the treatment of children with ADHD. Methods: This study was a semi-experimental one with pre and post-test design including two groups of control and experiment. It was carried out among 30 students who had been diagnosed as hyperactive by psychiatric experts, performing two questioners of Conner's parent and teacher plus neurofeedback, in two groups of 15 as experiment and 15 as the control. Subjects in the experimental group underwent neurofeedback training for 20 sessions, while the control group did not receive any instruction. Following the completion of 20 sessions, over, two groups of control and experiment were tested, and the outcomes were regarded through a statistical method of covariance analysis (p≤0.05). Results: The results revealed that neurofeedback training significantly lessened brain waves, problems of consideration, concentration, hyperactivity and impulsivity, attention deficit, the rate of child behavior in the class, group participation and collaboration, attitude towards power authorities (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The results proved that neurofeedback might improve brain waves plus attention deficit hyperactivity decreases in children with ADHD via developing brain excitation.


While passive safety assessment is well established in regulation and consumer testing, active safety assessment has only emerged recently. An integrated safety system is one which consists of both active and passive safety devices. Assessment of these systems is in its infancy and is the subject of current research. The current challenge is to define a methodology which integrates active and passive assessments and takes into account the influence that the active safety system has on the boundary conditions for the passive safety system. The current study is focused on developing a methodology to assess integrated pedestrian systems. Some previous research work has been performed to develop methodologies to assess these systems but to date no methodology has been developed which integrates the active and passive assessments fully and takes into account the effect of the active safety system on the passive safety system boundary conditions.


Political parties are the primary link between state and society in modern democracies. The quality of representation secured through parties and the responsiveness of party systems to the interests and demands of organized groups has a significant impact on the quality and the stability of democratic institutions. For that reason, one of the most enduring questions in political science is how social cleavages and collective interests are translated into party systems. In multiethnic societies, ethnic cleavages are likely to generate political parties and to organize political competition (Harmel and Robertson 1985: 503; Horowitz 1985: 291–3). Yet prior to the 1990s, there were few political parties in Latin America organized around ethnic identity, despite the ethnic diversity of the region. In the rare cases these existed they did not achieve enduring electoral success and had little impact on the political party system or the representation of their constituency in formal politics (Stavenhagen 1992: 434). In the 1990s, at the same time that many Latin American party systems began to exhibit severe stress and decomposition, indigenous social movement organizations increased their level of political mobilization and, in some cases, formed political parties. Indigenous peoples are the descendants of the peoples and cultures existing in the Americas prior to the arrival of Europeans, who seek to preserve contemporary forms of these cultures within particular territories, while exercising considerable powers of self-government. Some of the new parties that indigenous peoples' organizations formed in the 1990s achieved impressive results in a short period of time.


The enzymatic cis-trans isomerization of nitrofurans such as 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(2-furyl) acrylamide (AF-2) has been proved to occur via the formation of the corresponding nitro anion radicals. Rat liver microsomes supplemented with NADPH exhibited the cis-trans isomerase activity toward AF-2, which is markedly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, but not by carbon monoxide. Purified rat liver NADPH-cytochrome c reductase supplemented with NADPH also exhibited a significant isomerase activity toward the nitrofuran, whereas purified rat liver NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase exhibited only a little activity in the presence of NADPH or NADH. These results indicate that mainly NADPH-cytochrome c reductase is involved in the cis-trans isomerization of nitrofurans, i.e. the formation of nitro anion radicals catalyzed by rat liver microsomes.


appeared to be streptococci could be seen in the walls: ill four of these positive streptococcal cultures were obtainied, and the histological appearances of the remainder w-ere similar, although no organisms could be grown. On the other hand, my series contains also nineteen cases in which the gall-bladder wall, particularly the miucosa anid the tissue subjacent to it, slhowed chronic inflammilatory changes, possibly a little more active than tlhose' associated with a very chronic intramural infection, b1ut entirely without histological evidence of old preliminary bacterial invasion deep in the wall. From these nineteen gall-bladders organisms of the coli-typhoid group were r-ea(lily grown, twN-o of them giving typical pure cultur es of 7X. typhosus. It seems to be quite clear that intramural streptococcal cholecystitis is more common thail was formerly realized, but I do not think that this fact provides a reasoni for describing as uncommon the type of case long recognized as due to direct primary infection of the gall-bladder and its contents by organiisms of the colityplhoid group, whichl mav reach the biliarv tracts via tlho blood stream and liver. Asceniding infection of the bile ducts may on occasion occur, though the finding of coliform organisms, especially in the gall-bladder bile obtained by duodenal intubation, does not, of course, give any indication as to the origin of the infection, but simply shows its presence. Nevertheless, the material obtainable by duodenal intubation in the two types of cholecystitis is strikingly different, and may therefore help the decision as to wlhether biliary antiseptics and biliary drainiage will be beneficial or whether surgery should be resorted to at once. In the intramural streptococcal type of cholecystitis nothing abnormal is found in the bile unless the process of stone formation has begun, in which case fragmentary clholesterol crystals are quite common. In the coli-typhoid infections the bile not only contains the infecting organism, but also much more epithelial debris from the biliary tracts, particles of solid bile pigment, and sometimes a few leucocytes. If the incidence of the purely intramural infections were as higlh in all patients showing clinical evidence of chronic infection of the gall-bladder as Professor Wilkie suggests, one would not, I think, so frequently see obvious improvement follow the administration of large doses of hiexamiiie, which can affect only the contents of the gallbladder and the mucosa.-I am, etc., London, S.W., April 3rd. F. A. KNOTT.


In article is considered historical periods of formation of principles of moral upbringing in Russia. Also is analyzed achievements of each periods and their role in general process of moral upbringing.


We consider a stationary single-server queue with preemptive-resume
last-come, first-served (LCFS-PR) queueing discipline.
The LCFS-PR single-server queue has some interesting properties and
has been studied in the literature.
In this paper, we generalize the previous results such that the input
process to the queue is given as a general stationary marked point
process and derive some formulas concerning the joint distribution of
queue length and remaining service times of respective customers in
the system at arbitrary time instances as well as at arrival
instances.
The tool for derivation is the Palm-martingale calculus; that is, the
connection between the notion of Palm probability and that of
stochastic intensity.


Interannual variability in growth of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, was examined. Adult walleye pollock were collected from the central Bering Sea (Aleutian Basin) from 1978 to 1999. Average fork lengths were found to be approximately 47 cm during the 1970–80s, this increased to 56 cm in the late 1990s. Age was determined for 4805 individuals using the otolith break and burn method. Ages ranged from 5–23 years and the year classes of 1978 and 1989 were dominant in the 1980s and the 1990s, respectively. Fish had significantly larger length-at-age in the 1990s compared to the 1970–80s, and interannual variability in age–length relationship was clearly observed. Taking into consideration a recent decrease of the walleye pollock biomass in the central Bering Sea, density-dependent growth was supported as one possibility of the growth variability. At the same time, we could not rule out the possibility that oceanographic variability affected the growth of walleye pollock in the area.


In most organisations, the finance department occupies a special place in the minds of management and employees alike. From the Chief Financial Officer to the debtors' clerk, they enjoy a level of respect that their counterparts in HR can only dream of. While we may cringe at jumping through their hoops, it takes an exceptional (foolish) person to revolt against it. You rather leave the bean counters to crunch the numbers instead of your emotions.


A bioreactor system employing a white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta IF04917 and ultramembrane filtration (UF) unit was proposed and experimentally investigated for the removing coloredsubstances and endocrine dispuptors (EDs). Among 20 white-rot fungi, T. hirsuta IF04917 which can effectively decolorize humic acid and degrade a wide range of EDs; bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), 17~-estradiol, estrone and estriol, was utilized to the bioreactor. A bench scale (10 L), sequencing batch reactor using this fungus was developed and applied to decolorization of a melanoidin containing synthetic wastewater. The fungus was immobilized onto polyurethane foam cubes to stably maintain the biomass, and UF was applied to achieve a complete solid/liquid separation. In this fungal-UF system, more than 70 % of thdecolorization was constantly achieved at 2-day HRT. A pilot-scale plant (200 L) was also constructed and applied to the treatment of the secondary effluent from a night soil treatment process. 65-70 % of decolorization was achieved at a 1.5-day-cycle sequencing batch operation. Typical EDs, NP, octylphenol and benzophenone, found in the influent were also removed efficiently with removal of94 %,89 % and 81 %, respectively.


Club cell protein (CC16 in humans) plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of the airway epithelium [1] and has anti-inflammatory activity in the lung [2]. Serum CC16 levels are low in cigarette smokers [3] and increase following smoking cessation [4], but patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show progressive decrease in CC16 with disease severity [5]. Thus, although the association between circulating levels of CC16 and airflow obstruction is accepted, the association between circulating CC16 and chronic bronchitis, and whether a link in association exists between circulating CC16 levels, lung function decline and chronic bronchitis have not been shown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that circulating levels of CC16 are associated with the presence of chronic bronchitis in ever smokers. Plasma CC16 levels are associated with CC16 gene polymorphisms and inversely with chronic bronchitis http://ow.ly/O8CHk


As an additive-manufacturing (AM) technique, powder-bed fusion (PBF) shows tremendous potential in both the research and industrial communities. Research on the post-treatment of PBF-prepared products is a hot topic. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) resistance is a practical necessity, especially in microstructures. Here, the effect of annealing and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on the properties of PBF technology-printed CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is investigated. The results show that these two post-thermal treatment approaches can release residual stress (from approximately 338 to 44 MPa) from PBF-printed samples, which is the main reason for declines in hardness (from approximately 211 to 194 HV). In addition, both annealing and HIP can reduce HE sensitivity, thus improving resistance to HE, with elongation increasing by 75.4% and 85.4% after annealing and HIP, respectively. In summary, both post-thermal treatments are of great significance to the development of HEAs with optimized structures and protection against HE, which can contribute to the development of these behaviors during application.


Objective:
To demonstrate the importance of culture in suicide, and provide support for fresh conceptualization of the
relationship between culture and suicide. Conclusions:
This evidence supports the thesis that culture (the norms and values shared by a group of people living in a defined space) gives rise to recognizable traditions or customs (widely accepted ways of behaving), which come forward in particular circumstances (or "predicaments"), and include suicide. We propose that culture creates "set points" around, which national rates vary. Suicide prevention will only be achieved via strategies, which have a beneficial effect on culture.


The SINE WAVE ORCHESTRA (SWO) is a collaborative sound performance project that has been actively performing for the past several years. The basic idea is that each participant plays a sine wave, and by changing its frequency and volume, creates a collection of sine waves as a collective sound representation. Although all SWO works use the same sound representation (i.e., sine waves), different SWO works use different temporal, physical, environmental, and procedural settings. The different settings have resulted in different types of sound experiences for the participants. This paper examines six of the SWO works and discusses what aspects of the settings affect how people engage in collective sound representations.


Objective The study was to evaluate DWI for quantifying liver fibrosis. Methods A total of 12 volunteers, 47 patients who had chronic HBV or HCV hepatitis and underwent liver biopsy [Scheuer score for fibrosis(S) and inflammation(G)] were enrolled in this study. They were scanned using a 1.5 T MR unit with b value of 0,250,500,750, 1000 s/mm~2. ADCs at b_(250-1000) and b_(500-1000) were the average ADCs of b=250, 500, 750, 1000 s/mm~2 and b=500, 750, 1000 s/mm~2. The studied the correlation between Scbeuer scores and ADC values, and conducted Mann-Whitney U test and Logistic regression to evaluate ADC for prediction of fibrosis scores. Results The average ADCs were (1.41± 0.11),(1.37±0.09), (1.27±0.05), (1.26±0.04), (1.22±0.06) mm~2/s respectively from SO to S4, stage at b=750 s/mm~2 (F=18.31, P<0.01). With the increase of fibrosis score, the average ADC decreased gradually, the two were better negatively correlated at b_(250-1000)(r=-0.727, P<0.01) than other b values. Using b_(750) and the two combined b values, the found significantly lower ADCs in S2 or greater versus S1 or less and in S3 or greater versus S2 or less fibrosis (P<0.01). The best predictor for S2 or greater was b_(750) with the largest AUC of 0.909, sensitivity of 85.7%, and specificity of 100.0% (ADC ≤1.35×10~(-3) mm~2/s). The best predictor for S3 or greater was b_(250-1000) with the largest AUC of 0.864, sensitivity of 69.6%, and specificity of 95.8% (ADC≤1.53×10~(-3) mm~2/s). Conclusion DWI can be a good predictor for scoring liver fibrosis for S2 or S3 stage above, while b_(750) and the combined b values are suitable for evaluation.

Key words:
Liver cirrhosis; Fibrosis; Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Hepatitis


Strong coupling between inputs and strong coherence sources are two situations in which partial coherence analysis is not applicable to use. This paper introduces the cepstrum theory into the noise source identification,and combined with the Hilbert transform,a new methodology in determining the causality between inputs is proposed, so that the influence brought by the coupling can be avoided. The analytic hierarchy process method and partial coherence theory were also used in the research in order to find the assignment rules of partial coherent spectrum and differentiate between the contributions of each signal from the strong coherence sources. During this research,simulation of the multi-input / single-output system with strong coupling and a strong coherence signal between inputs was conducted,as well as quantitative analysis of the noise of mechanical equipment in the submarine compartment model,which further proved the effectiveness of this methodology.


Profit analysis of a two non‐identical unit cold standby system model with mutual changeover of the units is carried out in this paper. With mutual changeover of the unit, the operating unit, after functioning for some random amount of time, becomes standby to take rest, and the standby unit becomes operative. The failure and repair times of each unit are jointly distributed as bivariate exponential (BVE) with different parameters. Various measures of system effectiveness useful to system engineers and designers are obtained by using the regenerative point technique. Behaviour of the mean time to system failure (MTSF) and availability have also been studied graphically.


Objective To objerve the effect of arecoline hydrobromide on experimental gastric ulcer patients.Methods The rat stress gastric ulcer models induced by ethol and burned acetic acid were established and the effect of arecoline hydrobromide on the secretion of gastric acid and pepsase in rats was observed.Results The free gastric acid and quantity of total gastiric acid was significantly reduced under action of arecoline hydrobromide.Conclusion Arecoline hydrobromide possesses the inhibition and protective effect on experimental gastric ulcer.


The present invention relates to a urethane-containing aromatic sulfonic acids and functional rheology modifiers (or rheological control agent) a cationic electrodeposition paint having a permeability (or covering power) within a resin composition having excellent, and its application. More particularly, the present invention relates to a cationic electrodeposition coating resin composition comprising (1) a base resin containing a reaction product of an epoxy compound and a polysulfide compound, and reaction products of an amine compound and epoxy compound; ( 2) a curing agent comprising a resin modified polyol compound and the reaction product of blocked polyisocyanate compound, the modified polyol compound derived from Mannich similar phenol compounds, aliphatic or aromatic amine compound and formalin product of the reaction; (3) aromatic sulfonic acid; and (4) having a carbamate functionality rheology control agent. The resin composition of the present invention is particularly suitable as a primer for vehicle and industrial use, because the resin composition of the present invention in aqueous dispersion stability, and covering power is excellent antimicrobial properties, exhibits excellent flexibility of the paint film, corrosion resistance and coating properties (or film-forming), and displayed at the edge of a paint film exhibits improved corrosion resistance. The present invention further relates to a cationic electrodeposition coating resin composition comprising the.


In order to reduce the period of bread production straight dough method has been the most simple and used breadmaking method (Delcour & Hoseney, 2010). In this method all formula ingredients are mixed together, in order to develop the dough, and then rested, divided, fermented and finally baked. Most of bread researches papers used straight dough method (Alcântara et al., 2020b; Bárcenas et al., 2004; Bredariol et al., 2019; Carr et al., 2006; Datta et al., 2007; Purlis, 2010; Ureta et al., 2018; Wagner et al., 2008).


Abstract : The United States has entered into a new phase in its military history, passing quickly through "joint" warfare into the realm of "coalition" warfare. Indeed, it is postulated that coalition warfare will be the only way we will conduct future fights. Coalition warfare has many facets: it involves the blending of different cultures, multiple languages dialects, and disparate weapon systems, as well as differing perceptions of end states and how to achieve them. In the wake of 9/11, HQ Northern Command (HQ NORTHCOM) was created to accomplish two goals: to provide the military response to attacks within the United States at the request of the newly formed Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and to perform the National Security mission of air defense of the North American continent through HQ NORAD. As Steve Flynn from the Council on Foreign Relations has observed: "We do National Security very well and Homeland Security very badly." NORTHCOM's National Security role is, for the most part, a continuation of NORAD's successful alliance with Canada; a 50 year relationship that has transcended the Cold War and has moved toward the new air defense realities i.e., defense within the borders as well as outside them, post 9/11. In its Homeland Security role however, NORTHCOM is part of a "coalition of the willing" much like the one CENTCOM fulfills. But unlike CENTCOM's dozen or so international coalition partners, NORTHCOM's are the numerous federal, state and local agencies, bureaus and organizations involved in Homeland Security; many more partners than any international coalition would ever envision. For example, just within the law enforcement community, there are 600,000 police in 18,000 police departments, and 31,000 separate sheriffs departments.


Despite the great advantages of peptidomimetic scaffolds, there are only a few examples of their application in the field of asymmetric catalysis. Peptidomimetic scaffolds offer numerous advantages related to their easy preparation, modular and tunable structures, and biomimetic features, which make them well suited as chiral catalysts. This review underlines the structure–function relationship for catalytic properties towards efficient enantioselective catalysis.


Arrays of nanorods, nanotubes and nanowires have potential applications in a wide variety of areas including optoelectronics, data storage, and sensing [1]. Due to their small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, such structures possess unique properties compared to bulk objects. Here we are presenting micro and nanorods grown in etched ion-track templates. This technique has the advantage that the nanowire parameters can be precisely controlled including length, diameter, and geometrical shape as well as areal density. Also the deposition process is versatile because the pores in the template can be filled with many different materials (such as metals, semiconductors, polymers), and by means of various deposition processes, with or without applying a voltage [2, 3]. In this study, we prepared alkali-halide structures with the same method which already successfully demonstrated the growth of KI micro and nanorods [4]. As template material, polycarbonate foils (100 or 30 μm thick) were irradiated with heavy ions (e.g. Pb or U) of 11.1 MeV/u and fluences in the range of 10 5 – 10 8 ions/cm 2 . The ion-tracked foils were chemically etched at 50°C in an aqueous solution of 5 M NAOH containing 10% methanol. The resulting pores are cylindrical and have a diameter between several ten nm and a few μm. The etch rate at the above condition is about 2 μm/hour. For the growth of alkali-halide rods, the template floated several days on a saturated NaCl or KCl aqueous solution (ambient temperature). Due to evaporation, crystallization occurs in the solution, on the membrane surface, and inside the pores.


Ever since the halftone process enabled a photograph t o be printed with type, problems on the use of photographs have existed. In earlier years, it was the expense involved and the cumbersome, time-consuming equipment that ,determined the size and number of photographs used, mainly t o dress up the gray columns. The cut-throat competition among newspapers and publishers resulted in lavish and usually sensational use of photographs, often just for the sake of using them. As the photograph became a more common element of the newspaper, the use t o which it was put became more crucial to the attractiveness and communicativeness of the newspaper. Photographers demanded more consideration for the way photographs were being handled, and they wanted a say in the process. Editors either maintained the traditional use of photographs (with the photographer outside the realm of planning) or recognized the value of the photograph and willingly integrated the photo-word operation. There still are too many editorial decisions that d o not reflect the role of the photograph in publications today. Most of the little that has been written about photo editing exists in professiona l magazine articles, with topics focusing on problems and issues which becloud intelligent, communicative uses of photographs-management apathy, visually uneducated editors, pious photographers, insufficient space. The uriier. ,/orrner Univerviij. i?/ ArXar7.so.s i i i I.;/t lc R o d ./acultr rnmnber, i s a .freelariw plioioioiirrialisi. Hurley and McDougalls' Visual Impact in Print (1971) was the first book on photo editing since Kalish and Edom's Photo Editing in 1958. This smattering of available literature implies either lack of interest o r lack of knowledge in photo editing. I feel that the later implication is more valid since the basis of photo editing illiteracy is the lack of visual education. Findings in a n extensive study I did on the use of photographs in 300 American dailies (summary in National Press Photographer, November 1972) pointed to a deficiency in photo editing qualifications. The study indicated that before the appearance of a newspaper can be improved photographically, the persons controlling photo decisions must be visually educated to be more aware, more knowledgeable and more conditioned t o the role of photographs in newspapers. There needs to be a conversion in the thinking of newspaper personnel so that photographs become more than mere illustrations for the written word. The attitude that photographs are used as a kind of footnote t o the word story must be replaced with a n understanding of how to use photographs as story-tellers and as tools of reporting-as communication. Photo cliches, unnecessary photo assignments and routine treatment abound when there is a lack of understanding of how and why to use photos. However, this understanding also means that when words tell the story better than photos, then words must be the main vehicle. Words and photos must be considered together. Therefore, we need photographically mature editors to evaluate what things are best said in words, what in photos and what in combination. Tradition has created most of the problem of not using photos and words in proper perspective because, traditionally, newspapers were primarily for the written word. And getting publishers and editors who were educated and reared in that verbal tradition to realize that photographs also can communicate often has been difficult. A glance at hundreds of


Abstract To fight criminal organizations effectively, governments require support from significant segments of society. Citizen support provides important leverage for executives, allowing them to continue their policies. Yet winning citizens' hearts and minds is not easy. Public security is a deeply complex issue. Responsibility is shared among different levels of government; information is highly mediated by mass media and individual acquaintances; and security has a strong effect on peoples' emotions, since it threatens to affect their most valuable assets—life and property. How do citizens translate their assessments of public security into presidential approval? To answer this question, this study develops explicit theoretical insights into the conditions under which different dimensions of public security affect presidential approval. The arguments are tested using Mexico as a case study.


Today supply chain uncertainty is higher due to the global crisis, the fast changing technology and the increasing vulnerability of supply chains. Companies use different strategies to reduce uncertainty, like building agile supply chains, increasing resilience, postponement, etc. All these strategies require strong supply chain collaboration. Although research interest in supply chain collaboration is growing, no research has been done in Albania. This paper is one of the first to investigate supply chain management practices and the extent of supply chain collaboration in the Albanian beer industry. The aim of this research is twofold: first, to investigate how supply chain uncertainty influences the extent of collaboration with the supply chain members, and second, to analyze how organizational culture facilitates the collaboration process. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the managers of the main beer companies. A guide questionnaire was prepared. It consisted of open and rate-scale questions about supply chain collaboration, supply chain uncertainty, supply chain management practices and organizational culture. The research will show that a high level of supply chain uncertainty does not always lead to a high degree of collaboration with the supply chain members. Organizational culture is the key driver of a successful collaboration. Not all types of culture can facilitate collaboration but only the ones with an external orientation.


In this introductory chapter we explain some methods of mathematical proof. They are argument by contradiction, the principle of mathematical induction, the pigeonhole principle, the use of an ordering on a set, and the principle of invariance. The basic nature of these methods and their universal use throughout mathematics makes this separate treatment necessary. In each case we have selected what we think are the most appropriate examples, solving some of them in detail and asking you to train your skills on the others. And since these are fundamental methods in mathematics, you should try to understand them in depth, for " it is better to understand many things than to know many things'' (Gustave Le Bon). The method of argument by contradiction proves a statement in the following way: First, the statement is assumed to be false. Then, a sequence of logical deductions yields a conclusion that contradicts either the hypothesis (indirect method), or a fact known to be true (reductio ad absurdum). This contradiction implies that the original statement must be true. This is a method that Euclid loved, and you can find it applied in some of the most beautiful proofs from his Elements. Euclid's most famous proof is that of the infinitude of prime numbers. Euclid's theorem. There are infinitely many prime numbers. Proof. Assume, to the contrary, that only finitely many prime numbers exist. List them as p 1 = 2, p 2 = 3, p 3 = 5,. .. , p n. The number N = p 1 p 2 · · · p n + 1 is divisible by a prime p, yet is coprime to p 1 , p 2 ,. .. , p n. Therefore, p does not belong to our list of all prime numbers, a contradiction. Hence the initial assumption was false, proving that there are infinitely many primes.


In this paper, we introduce new classes of sets and operators so called weak (weak*) L-weakly compact sets, weak (weak*) L-weakly compact operators and weak Mweakly compact operators, which contrast with L-weakly compact sets and L-(M-)weakly compact operators. We first present the continuous duals of Banach lattices for unbounded convergences is M-weakly compact when the range space is real space R, then we show the exactly form of these duals. Using unbounded norm convergence, we introduce the new classes of sets and operators, and we study the basis properties of these sets and operators. The compactness of these operators be also considered. Some related results are obtained as well.


An aerospace vehicle landing approach flight test hanging rack comprises a steel cable, a welding steel frame, a fixing ring, a connecting ring, a hanging point connecting box, a stabilization parachute connecting structure, a presser foot, an elevation plate and a stabilization parachute. By the hanging rack structure and an aerospace vehicle and the adjustable compensation function of the mechanical connecting port of the hanging rack structure and the stabilizing device, stabilization of the aerospace vehicle during hanging flight is achieved. The steel cable of the hanging rack is fixed with the central steel cable of a helicopter through connectors and bolts. The hanging rack is connected with the aerospace vehicle through a front explosion bolt and a rear explosion bolt. Due to the fact that the hanging rack steel cable connector is the connecting ring with the length adjusting function, gravity variation of the aerospace vehicle can be adapted to, and stable hanging can be guaranteed.


A large batch of UN microspheres to be used as kernels for TRISO particle fuel was produced using carbothermic reduction and nitriding of a sol-gel feedstock bearing tailored amounts of low-enriched uranium (LEU) oxide and carbon. The process parameters, established in a previous study, produced phase-pure NaCl structure UN with dissolved C on the N sublattice. The composition, calculated by refinement of the lattice parameter from X-ray diffraction, was determined to be UC 0.27 N 0.73 . The final accepted product weighed 197.4 g. The microspheres had an average diameter of 797±1.35 µm and a composite mean theoretical density of 89.9±0.5% for a solid solution of UC and UN with the same atomic ratio; both values are reported with their corresponding calculated standard error.


Frozen section analysis remains the gold standard for intraoperative diagnosis during brain tumor surgeries; however, it is associated with extensive time consumption and the potential for freezing artifacts. In recent years, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has been actively studied as a promising alternative to address these limitations of frozen section analysis. In this prospective, multi-centered, assessor-blinded pilot study, our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of cCeLL - Ex vivo, a second-generation CLE model, compared to frozen section analysis for brain tumor diagnosis. We enrolled a total of 55 patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors between October 2022 and December 2022. Biopsy samples were obtained during surgical resection, and each tissue sample was divided into three smaller samples for permanent section analysis, frozen section analysis, and imaging acquisition using cCeLL - Ex vivo. The efficacy of both frozen section analysis and cCeLL - Ex vivo was assessed by comparing their diagnoses to the results from permanent section analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of cCeLL - Ex vivo was slightly higher than that of frozen section analysis, with accuracies of 89.2% and 86.5%, respectively. Both methods demonstrated a sensitivity of 92.2%. Notably, cCeLL - Ex vivo exhibited a higher specificity of 70% compared to frozen section analysis, which had a specificity of 50%. Additionally, the mean time from sample preparation to diagnosis was significantly shorter in cCeLL - Ex vivo (13 min 17 sec) compared to frozen section analysis (28 min 28 sec). These results indicate the promising potential of cCeLL - Ex vivo as a complementary tool for intraoperative diagnosis of brain tumors. Future studies are expected to provide more evidence regarding the potential clinical utility of CLEs in clinical settings.


The stress-strain response of flax fiber-reinforced polymer (FFRP) composites (and other plantbased FRPs) loaded in tension is nonlinear. It has been determined in previous studies that this nonlinear behaviour is not caused by the matrix or specimen shape. Therefore, there is the potential that this nonlinear behaviour is caused by the individual flax fibres. In this study the mechanical behaviour of flax fibres tested under uniaxial tension is examined. A total of 30 flax fibres from three separate sources were tested and analysed. As a part of this study, the results of eleven tests will be discussed. Two sets of fibres were extracted from manufactured flax fabrics from Europe (one unidirectional fabric and one bidirectional fabric) and the third set of flax fibres were provided by a flax farm in Nova Scotia, Canada. The primary objective of these tests is to determine if the mechanical behaviour of the flax fibre is the cause of the nonlinear stress-strain response exhibited by flax fibre-reinforced polymers. A preliminary set of tests showed that the stress-strain response of these fibres is bilinear, but the accuracy of these tests needs improvement. To accurately measure the tensile behaviour of the fibres a 1 N load cell was built and programmed. The secondary objective of these tests was to determine the effect of the source of the fibre on the mechanical behaviour. The completed tests showed that the fibres from both manufactured fabrics exhibited a bilinear mechanical response. This is strong evidence that the cause of the nonlinearity of FFRPs is the fibres. This research is in progress and more results will be available at the time of the conference.


Abstract Objective To identify ingredients from products and by-products derived from GM crops in packaged food products and to analyse the presence of these ingredients in the foods most commonly consumed by the Brazilian population. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A search of the scientific literature to identify the use of products and by-products derived from GM crops in foods in Brazil and a study of food labels in a supermarket belonging to one of the ten largest supermarket chains in Brazil. Subjects To identify the ingredients present in packaged food products and their nomenclatures, the labels of all packaged food products available for sale in a supermarket were analysed. Subsequently, the presence of potential GM ingredients in the foods most commonly consumed by the Brazilian population was analysed. Results A total of twenty-eight GM crops' by-products with applications in the food industry (from soyabeans, corn, cotton and a yeast) were identified. Such by-products are presented as food ingredients or additives on food labels with 101 distinct nomenclatures. Most of the variety (63·8 %) and the quantity (64·5 %) of the foods most commonly consumed by Brazilians may contain a least one GM ingredient. Conclusions The presence of at least one potential GM ingredient was observed in more than half of the variety of foods most commonly consumed by the Brazilian population. Such ingredients were identified with distinct nomenclatures and incomplete descriptions, which may make it difficult to identify potential GM foods and confuse consumers when making food choices.


The Dolores River Basin, is in the eastern part of the Paradox Basin and includes the eastern slope of the La Sal Mountains, the western slopes of the Rico and La Plata Mountains, and the southwest flank of the Uncompahgre Plateau. The climate of this area is more humid than most of the surrounding Colorado Plateau region. Precipitation ranges from slightly 200 mm/yr to 1000 mm/yr; the estimated volume of water falling on the area is 4000 x 10/sup 6/ cm/sup 3//yr. Of this total, about 600 x 10/sup 6/ cm/sup 3//yr is runoff; 190 x 10/sup 6/ cm/sup 3//yr recharges the upper ground-water system; and an estimated 55 x 10/sup 6/ cm/sup 3/ returns to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration from stream valleys. The remainder evaporates. Principal hydrogeologic units are permeable sandstone and limestone and nearly impermeable salt (halitic) deposits. Structurally, the area is dominated by northwest-trending salt anticlines and contiguous faults paralleled by synclinal structures. The Uncompahgre Plateau lies along the north and northeast sides of the area. The instrusive masses that form the La Sal Mountains are laccoliths with bysmaliths and other complex intrusive forms comprising, in gross form, moderately faulted omal structures. Intrusive rocks underlie the Lamore » Plata and Rico Mountains along the southeastern edge of the area. These geologic structures significantly modify ground-water flow patterns in the upper ground-water system, but have no conspicuous effect on the flow regime in the lower ground-water system. The water in the upper ground-water system generally is fresh except where it is affected by evaporite dissolution from salt anticlines. The water of the lower ground-water system is slightly saline to briny. Water quality of the Dolores River is slightly saline to fresh, based on dissolved chemical constituents; some of the smaller tributaries of the river have saline water.« less


Abdominal pain associated with low‐grade inflammation is frequently encountered in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during remission. Current treatments are not very effective and new therapeutic approaches are needed. The role of CaV3.2 channels, which are important in other chronic pain contexts, was investigated in a murine model of colonic hypersensitivity (CHS) associated with low‐grade inflammation.


Dibmchoides druso (Walker) was intensively colonized on populations of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman), in southern California in 1961-62. Recoveries were made in the San pasqual Vallev. San Diego County, in 1961 and in 1967. A survey conducted in the spring of 1968 showed the parasite to be well established at 3 localities in San Diego County and to have spread at least 20 miles to the west of an original colonization site. Parasitization was low, not exceeding 5.6% in any sample.


This paper describes how lookup tables can be evolved to control the motion of a simulated two wheeled robot, whose functions are either to move towards a light source or avoid obstacles. The robot has two light sensors, six obstacle sensors and two DC motor drivers for the wheels. The lookup table controls the motion of the robot by changing the motor speeds dependent on the sensor values. For light following, the axes of the table are right and left light sensor levels, whilst for obstacle avoidance the axis is the bit combination of the six digital sensors. The parameters within both tables are left and right motor direction. The genetic algorithm using two point crossover with a mutation rate of three percent and tournament selection successfully evolved the lookup tables for both navigational tasks.


The early imperial period was a time of rapid change in medical ideas and practices in China. Manuscripts and artifacts excavated from tombs of the second century B.C. along the Yangtze river valley bring fresh insights into some of the processes involved in medical innovation in the early centuries of the empire. Through examining exorcistic practices and petty surgery to the refinement of a body sustained and nourished by physiological essences, this paper describes recurring patterns found in the changing medical techniques associated with stone, be that lancets, hot pressing stones or mineral prescription. After the transition to a culture of applying fine metal acupuncture needles vestiges of these treatments found in early Chinese stone culture remain enshrined in both the theory and practice of canonical medicine.


In this article, we compute Von-Neumann-Jordan constant, James constant, and Dunkl-Williams constant for small Morrey spaces. We find that the three constants are the same as those for the classical Morrey spaces.


Every organization small or large, old or newly started should provide training to all employees irrespective of their qualification, skill, appropriateness for the job etc. Training is not something that is done to new employees, but it should be an ongoing process in every organization. Further technological changes, automation, require               up-dating the skills and knowledge. Training plays a significant role in increasing productivity and in turn enhances the organizational performance. The questionnaire was developed and measured by using a five point Likert scales ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Chi-square test was used to examine relationship between training practices and organizational performance. The results revealed that there is an association between those organizations who adopt formal or informal training practices with financial and non-financial performances of small and medium sized enterprises.


Although politeness markers are frequently used in written and spoken communication, pragmatic studies have not sufficiently explored the instruction of such markers to English as a foreign language (EFL) learners who lack sufficient opportunity to communicate with native speakers to acquire them in the context of use. Ignoring politeness as a subject of instruction could be due to the hypothesis that politeness is ingrained in the culture of its use and hence cannot be taught to EFL learners. To investigate this hypothesis, politeness markers proposed by House and Kasper (1981) in their politeness framework were used as the point of departure to teach these markers to two groups of EFL students using film-driven input-enhancement tasks and output tasks. The results of the study revealed the beneficial effect of teaching politeness markers through the two tasks. Whereas the input-enhancement group improved significantly in their comprehension of politeness markers, the output group manifested more gains in their production of these markers. Findings from this study have implications for interlanguage pragmatic instruction, suggesting that politeness is teachable and that different instructional tasks bring about different effects on the production and comprehension of politeness markers.


Superconducting thin-film tunneling junctions composed of Ta-Ta 2 O 5 -Nb and Nb-Nb 2 O 5 -V layers are proposed for application as negative resistance devices. The theoretical I-V curves of these junctions are presented, and the operating temperatures for optimum negative resistance characteristics are predicted to be about 4.4°K and 5.1°K.


This paper is devoted to the investigation of the strict φ0-stability and the strict exponentially asymptotic φ0-stability of delay systems with impulses. Some sufficient conditions are obtained for the strict φ0-stability via cone-valued Lyapunov function methods and Razumikhin technique. On the other hand, we prove the strict exponentially asymptotical φ0-stability by cone-valued Lyapunov function methods and comparison principle.


Funding information Qatar University, Grant/Award Number: QUCG-CAM 19/20-3 Abstract The effect of accelerated weathering degradation on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends and PLA/PCL/titanium (IV) dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites are presented in this paper. The results show that both polymers are susceptible to weathering degradation, but their degradation rates are different and are also influenced by the presence of TiO2 in the samples. Visual, microscopic and atomic force microsocpy observations of the surface after accelerated weathering tests confirmed that degradation occurred faster in the PLA/PCL blends than in the PLA/PCL/TiO2 nanocomposites. The X-ray diffraction results showed the degradation of PCL in the disappearance of its characteristic peaks over weathering time, and also confirmed that PLA lost its amorphous character and developed crystals from the shorter chains formed as a result of degradative chain scission. It was further observed that the presence of TiO2 retarded the degradation of both PLA and PCL. These results were supported by the differential scanning calorimetry results. The thermogravimetric analysis results confirmed that that PLA and PCL respectively influenced each other's thermal degradation, and that TiO2 played a role in the thermal degradation of both PLA and PCL. The tensile properties of both PLA/PCL and PLA/PCL/TiO2 were significantly reduced through weathering exposure and the incorporation of TiO2.


We establish several criteria for the existence, multiplicity and nonexistence of positive periodic solutions of the n-dimensional nonautonomous system ẋ(t) = −A(t)x(t) + λB(t)F(x(t− τ(t))).


The author presents the numerical and empirical analysis of the recently introduced by the author and now improved fast ray-tracing algorithm for calculation of stochastic electromagnetic fields in mm-wave vehicle-to-vehicle propagation channel having random geometrical parameters. The support Ωc of these random variables is electrically very large for the mm-wave band what enforces very long computation times of random electromagnetic fields when ordinary Mone-Carlo (MC) or Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) methods are implemented. The author's algorithm takes advantage of the arbitrary Polynomial Chaos (aPC) to derive the PCE meta-models having random parameters whose support has the size which is a small fraction of the support Ωc. The large decrease in the size of the random variables support enables to obtain the percentiles (e.g. median) of an attenuation of the mm-wave propagation channel in a relatively very short time. The numerical accuracy of the improved algorithm is verified using the reference Monte-Carlo method. The lamp posts, tree trunks are included in the ray-tracing simulation what was not done in the previous work. The simulation results are compared with the measurement results taken from the literature.


Scapulothoracic dissociation refers to the traumatic separation of the shoulder from the chest wall. This most commonly occurs as a closed injury. We present a case of open scapulothoracic dissociation and emphasize clinical features unique to this injury. In both closed and open scapulothoracic dissociation, the force necessary to shear the scapula from its thoracic attachments results in vascular disruption and neurologic injury to the upper extremity. As a consequence, patients have a pulseless, flail upper extremity with a significant chest wall hematoma (closed) or active bleeding (open). The first priority is to resuscitate and address life-threatening injuries. If the patient has active bleeding, immediate vascular control to prevent exsanguination is essential. Patients with ischemia and an incomplete injury or unreliable neurologic examination need revascularization. Outcome is based on the extent of brachial plexus or cervical nerve root avulsion. Patients with loss of neurologic function ultimately benefit from amputation at the appropriate level. From The Trauma Center at Carraway, Carraway Methodist Medical Center, Birmingham, Ala. Reprint requests to Raleigh B. Kent III, MD, Norwood Clinic, Department of Surgery, 1528 Carraway Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35234. Fischer and Kent • OPEN SCAPULOTHORACIC DISSOCIATION 383 384 April 2001 • SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL • Vol. 94, No. 4 injury. A partial claviculectomy facilitated identification and dissection of the proximal and distal subclavian vessels. The subclavian artery and vein were completely transected. The artery and vein were ligated proximally and distally. The muscle encasing the right shoulder and chest wall was intact but crushed. The pectoralis major muscle was avulsed from its clavicular origin, but the sternal origin remained intact. A hand could be passed through the anterior wound and pectoralis defect along the chest wall posteriorly, gaining access to the shattered scapula in the wound base. Fragments of scapula were removed. Gradual bleeding from the muscles in the anterior wound was controlled with the electrocautery, but troublesome bleeding persisted from the wound base. Thrombostatin was placed into the wound base, and the wound was packed (Figure). The patient remained hemodynamically stable with systolic blood pressure 100 to 120. He received a total of 6 units of packed red blood cells, 2 units of fresh frozen plasma, and 9.5 L of crystalloid fluids. Postoperatively, he remained hemodynamically stable. His right arm remained insensate and functionless. It was edematous but viable. He returned to the operating room for removal of packing and further debridement on postinjury day 2. Forequarter amputation of the right upper extremity was done on postinjury day 4. Further debridements of the wound were accomplished and, on postinjury day 11, a split-thickness skin graft was applied to the wound. The patient received occupational therapy and psychiatric counseling to assist in coping with the loss of limb. He was discharged from the hospital on postinjury day 16.


The Systems Theory Framework (STF) is presented as an integrating and organising concept for the predominant theories of career. In order to test the integrative capacity of the STF, this research merges the STF's theoretical element of story with the Theory of Dialogical Self's model of personality. Implications for the practice of career counselling are discussed along with a working example of a career assessment procedure informed by the STF and the Theory of Dialogical Self. It is concluded that integration of the two theoretical bodies adds to the STF's explanatory capacity. There is further scope, however, for STF's integration with theories based upon varying epistemological and ontological assumptions.


This paper describes the resolution enhancement by oblique illumination optical lithography using a transmittance-adjusted pupil filter that has a conjugate shape to the secondary light source. The resolution enhancement depends on the amplitude transmittance distribution of the pupil filter in the lens aperture. Thus, the optimum transmittance distribution attaining the highest resolution at a practical depth of focus is investigated, and superior performance is verified experimentally using an actual i-line stepper, that is, the actual resolution improvement is comparable to the simulation results. Despite this improvement, two problems must be addressed. Pattern profiles degrade at the ends of periodical patterns, and the opaque pattern widths of middle-pitch patterns become a little narrow. These two problems are solved by optimizing the transmittance distribution of the filter such that there is no significant deterioration in the high-resolution performance.


A short review of theoretical and experimental works dealing with the research of acoustic parameters of some classical liquids and their solutions is made. On the basis of the analytical expressions obtained in the framework of molecular-kinetic theory for the sound velocity c(ν) and the absorption factor α(ν), as well as the choice of a model for the potential of intermolecular interaction Φ(|r|) and the radial distribution function g (|r|), the frequency dispersion of acoustic parameters for liquid N2, O2, and CH4 was numerically calculated in wide intervals of density and temperature.


The lobus venae azygos is a developmental aiiomaly of the azygos vein which causes a partition of the right upper lobe into a medial and lateral portion (1). It is found in less than one per Cent of normal individuals and is only rarely a site of local disease (2). Congenital lobar emphysema is caused by a developmental anomaly or extrinsic coinpression of a lobar bronchus or a congenital malformation of the alveoli in a lobe. Both entities lead to air trapping and distension of the involved lobe (1, 6). The incidence of congenital lobar emphysema is low, oiily about 250 cases having been reported (6, 3). Respiratory distress can become life-threatening and therapy is surgical resection. We reporr the unusual CO-existente of a congenital lobar emphysema of the right upper lobe and lobus vena azygos in the Same patient.


During their life plants have to cope with natural or anthropogenic environmental stressors, including different pollutants. The exposure of aquatic macrophytes to these compounds mobilizes or generates, directly or indirectly, diverse signalling molecules and regulates many processes that amplify and specify the physiological response through transcriptional and metabolic changes. Due to consistent enhancement of water pollution and in order to better preserve aquatic ecosystems, the knowledge of response mechanisms used by the plants to cope with stress is of increasing significance. In this paper, the stressor driven changes and responses induced by different pollutants in some floating macrophyte species will be considered and discussed.


The Czech weather radar network (CZRAD) consists of two Doppler C-band weather radars [Gematronik Meteor 360 AC with RAINBOW 3.1 software, EEC DWSR-2501C with EDGE software 4.88], which cover the entire area of the Czech Republic by volume scans in 10-min. time intervals up to 256 km range. Volume radar data processing and visualization, initially done by the vendor software, has been upgraded by in-house software package RVD/RPD, which satisfies the increased requirements on output radar products.


Aluminum oxide() film deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is known to supply excellent surface passivation properties on crystalline Si surfaces. Since has fixed negative charge, it forms effective surface passivation by field effect passivation on the rear side in p-type silicon solar cell. However, layer formed by ALD process needs very long process time, which is not applicable in mass production of silicon solar cells. In this paper, plasma-assisted ALD(PA-ALD) was applied to form to reduce the process time. synthesized by ALD on c-Si (100) wafers contains a very thin interfacial layer, which was confirmed by FTIR and TEM. To improve passivation quality of layer, the deposition temperature was changed in range of , then the annealing temperature and time were varied. As a result, the silicon wafer with aluminum oxide film formed in , and 10 min for the deposition temperature, the annealing temperature and time, respectively, showed the best lifetime of 1.6ms. We also observed blistering with nanometer size during firing of deposited on p-type silicon.