Th e article considers the psychological factors which infl uence infant feeding behavior during breastfeeding and mother-infant feeding interaction, the problem of close relationship of psychological and physiological aspects of interaction. It also deals with the problem of the complex evaluation and the improvement of mother-infant interaction quality in the period of breastfeeding in early intervention.


Synopsis In §§1 and 2, we consider mainly a system of reaction-diffusion equations with general diffusion matrix and we establish the stabilization of all solutions at t →∞. The interest of this problem derives from two separate facts. First, the sets that are useful for localizing the asymptotics cease to be invariant as soon as the diffusion matrix is not a multiple of the identity. Second, the set of equilibria is connected. In §3, we establish uniform L§ bounds for the solutions of a class of parabolic systems. The unifying feature in the problems considered is the lack of any conventional maximum principles.


ABSTRACT Our paper provides a comprehensive overview of research findings from a unique series of studies examining human impacts of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). Our focused on Cordova, Alaska—considered 'ground zero' for sociocultural and psychosocial impacts from this disaster. During the past 24 years, we used and developed a variety of theoretical and conceptual approaches to frame evolving issues and employed both quantitative and qualitative methodological designs. We used ecological-symbolic theory and the renewable resource community (RRC) concept to frame community, group, and individual responses to this environmental disaster. We also employed social capital theory, the Conservation of Resources (COR) stress model, and key concepts such as recreancy, collective stress, and secondary trauma to explain observed chronic impacts. Findings reveal sociocultural disruption and psychosocial stress and the critical role protracted litigation and prolonged ecological damage had for maintaining...


This study focuses on the relationships among locus of control,job satisfaction,and demographic variabIes.We used PCarson product-moment correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis to analyze data.The results indicated:first,the relationship between locus of control and job satisfaction is significantly correlated;those with an external locus showed significantly lower levels of work satisfaction;second,locus of control and demographic variables can predict the variance of job satisfaction.


When characterizing an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic optical system, visible light interferometry is limited to measuring wave front aberration caused by surface figure error while failing to measure wave front errors induced by the multilayer coatings. This necessitates the development of interferometric techniques at an EUV camera's operational wavelength (at‐wavelength testing), which is typically around 13 nm. While a laser plasma source (LPS) is being developed as a lithography production source, it has generally been considered that only an undulator located at a synchrotron facility can provide the necessary laserlike point source brightness for EUV interferometry. Although an undulator‐based approach has been successfully demonstrated, it would be advantageous to test a camera in its operational configuration with an LPS. We are developing the latter approach by utilizing extended source size schemes to provide usable flux throughput. A slit mounted at the source plane can provide the nec...


Energy monitoring systems are being reported on more and more as consumers wish to determine the amount of energy produced and used by various renewable energy systems. Added to this is improving the overall systems' efficiency and identifying any potential concerns. The purpose of the paper is to show the importance of correctly calibrating such energy monitoring systems on a regular basis, in order to validate any future measurements as being reliable. In this study, three 10 W PV modules are used with their own respective LED loads to extract the maximum possible amount of electrical energy during the day. No storage systems are used due to their limited life-cycle and variability. An Arduino microcontroller is used as the data logging interface between the PV systems and a PC running Lab VIEW software, which acts as the visual interface and recording system. Calibration is done in Lab VIEW to account for system losses. Results indicate that three identical PV systems can be calibrated to produce the same results, with variability of less than 1%. Higher variabilities point to inconsistencies in the PV modules, even if they originate from the same manufacturer. A key recommendation is to perform an annual calibration of the monitoring system, which primarily accounts for PV module degradation.


The studies indicate the presence of old existing regulatory documents that define the basic functions of quality management that does not solve all the problems of the management process. A perfect concept of «quality management» and add to the existing structure functions of quality control function «market analysis and goal setting». Methodological basis of research are methods of analysis, observation and induction and foundation information database - regulations of the major issues of quality management, reference materials, publications domestic and foreign authors. Supplement composition functions function «market analysis and goal setting» allow detailed study of the modern market, to analyze marketing opportunities to explore the needs and preferences of consumers relative product quality control marketing activities, and as a result, to analyze the internal capabilities of the enterprise. Given that the functional aspects of quality management, quality management functions not tested, selected research topics are relevant, not only for businesses but also for consumers.


: Sub-micron expansion process of micro-bar such as probes has been observed when irradiated by a polarized Ultra Violet (UV) laser. Influences of laser polarization, laser fluence, micro-bar size, its crystallographic orientation and heat have been investigated. It could show that the expansion is not influenced by a thermal cause, rather, suggested that the cause comes from the change of crystal lattice distance.


Purpose.  To evaluate the relative frequency of use of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) following the introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) at a tertiary university ophthalmology practice. Methods.  We retrospectively analyzed the demand for and indications of all requests for FFA or OCT during the five years from 2007 to 2011, inclusively, at our tertiary care university hospital department of ophthalmology. Results.  In January 2007, out of 194 total imaging studies requested and performed, there were 85 OCTs (43.8% of total imaging studies) and 109 FFAs (56.2%).  By January 2011, out of 172 total imaging studies requested and performed, there were 127 OCT cases (73.8%) and 45 FFA cases (26.2%).  FFAs for macular degeneration and diabetic maculopathy accounted for 54.3% of all imaging in 2007, but five years later had fallen to just 22%. Conclusions.  A decrease in the number of FFAs requested and performed was associated an increase in number of OCTs, over the five year period.  While this pattern was observed in a single relatively small tertiary care setting, this study may be the first report in the peer-reviewed medical literature of this trend.  The relative safety profile and convenience of OCT as compared to FFA may be a primary factor in this shift.


With three ramie varieties of Zhongzhu No 1,Xiangzhu No 3,Tris-l and a new line R057 as the materials,effect of different cutting density on shoot survival rate,stem height increment,root dry weight per plant and branching characteristics of cutting plant for low branches of ramie were studied.The results showed that shoot survival rate,stem height increment and root dry weight per plant in the four materials of cutting plant for low branches of ramie had significant differences among the treatments.The same results showed in branch number,minimum and maximum branches bit length.For all above,the optimal treatment of cutting propagation density should be about 100 per square meter.


In order to ameliorate the medical imaging accompanied by weak boundary and intensity inhomogeneity,an improved variational level set image segmentation method was proposed.This method established a certain sensitivity model by fusing the global and local image information.This model by regulating the global and local weighting coefficient can effectively segment the intensity inhomogeneity.The experimental results show that this method has good segmentation results and higher accuracy for weak boundary and intensity inhomogeneity,and it is robust to the contour initialization.


The main objective of greenhouses crop production is to increment the economic profits of the grower by means of finding a trade-off between the improvement of the quantity and quality of the horticultural products and the cost of obtaining adequate climatic conditions using automatic control strategies. This paper shows the development of a hierarchical architecture to control the crop growth in greenhouses based on the inner climate in order to maximize the profit (the difference between the incomes coming from the sale of the final production and its associate costs).


The paper presents the structural and ferroelectric results for Sr1−xBaxBi2Nb2O9(x=0.30; 0.85) thin films, which were obtained by using dip-coating. The solutions containing the desirable ions were prepared from the powders of the previous studied ceramic samples. The films were deposited at room temperature on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrates and submitted to a heat treatment for crystallization. The films were characterized by using scanning microscopy electronic, energy dispersive spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Hysteresis ferroelectric loops were obtained, at room temperature, by using a Sawyer-Tower circuit at several frequencies. A well-defined grain structure was observed for both compositions. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements revealed the presence of the corresponding elements from the chemical composition of the ceramic systems. The band-gap energy was around 3.3eV for both samples. Typical hysteresis loops for normal and relaxor ferroelectrics were obtained for x=0.30 and 0.85, respectively.


PURPOSE: A method for producing a semiconductor wafer whose diameter is at least 450mm and the semiconductor wafer which is made of silicon whose diameter is 450mm are provided to have a proper defect feature, thereby using the semiconductor wafer as a substrate. CONSTITUTION: A single crystal object(1) increases a melted material(2) of a crucible(3). The single crystal object surrounds a cooling device(6) and a heat shielding unit(7). The heat shielding unit has an end which has a cone shape. A resistive heater(4) is arranged around the crucible. A magnetic field generating device(5) applies a horizontal magnetic field to the melted material.


Part I: INTRODUCTION Mutual and Partaken Bliss: Introducing the Science of Bodily Beauty V.Swami & A.Furnham Part 2: METHODOLOGICAL CRITIQUES Waist-to-hip Ratios and Female Attractiveness Comparing Apples, Oranges and Pears D. McBurney & S.Streeter The Volume-height Index as a Body Attractiveness Index J.Fan Methodological Issues in Studies in Female Attractiveness M.Bateson , P.Cornelissen & M.Tovee Part 3: ATTRACTIVENESS RESEARCH ACROSS CULTURES An Evolutionary Perspective on Male Preferences for Female Body Shape I.Scott , G.Bentley , M.Tovee , F. Uddin Ahamed & K.Magid Masculinity, Culture and the Paradox of the Lek D.Yu , S.Proulx & G.Shepard Healthy Body Equals Beautiful Body? Changing Perceptions of Health and Attractiveness with Shifting Socioeconomic Status M.Tovee , A.Furnham & V.Swami Part 4: THEORY DEVELOPMENT EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES The Shaping of Women's Bodies: Men's Choice of Fertility or Heat Stress Avoidance? D.Einon Interpersonal Metaperception: The Importance of Compatibility in the Aesthetic Appreciation of Bodily Cues K.Johnson & L.Tassinary Mate Preferences in Social Cognitive Context: When Environmental and Personal Change Leads to Predictable Cross-Cultural Variation L.Nelson , T.Pettijohn & J.Galak Part 5: THEORY DEVELOPMENT: SOCIOCULTURAL PERSEPCTIVES The Roles of Stereotypes and Group Norms on Perceptions of Bodily Attractiveness T.Hildebrandt & J.Latner Feminism and Body Image L.Smolak & S.Murnen The Impact of Western Beauty Ideals on the Lives of Women: A Sociocultural Perspective R.Calogero , M.Boroughs & J.Thompson


The period of the Beijing government of Republican China (1912–1928) occurred after the 1911 Revolution that toppled the imperial system and before the rule of the Nanjing Nationalist government. For modern China, it was an era of frequent trial and error in implementing political systems, as well as a significant phase of institutional transition following the New Policy reforms of the late Qing. Many twists and turns during this period of historical evolution stemmed from problems of the late Qing political reform. The three major issues occurring during the 1912–1928 era, namely the legitimacy of the government, the relationship between its legislative and executive branches, and the relationship between the central government and the provinces, were all dominated by the profound influence of traditional Chinese political and cultural frameworks. All of this made the 1912–1928 era more complicated than the late Qing period, increased the difference between one stage of institutional change and another, and accelerated the change in political systems while also broadening the choices available. Therefore, we should not only focus on the complex contention among all parties, but also acquire a deeper understanding of the limits imposed upon institutional renovation by tradition and circumstances through examination of the institutional adaptations behind the chaotic partisan politics.


The mathematical model of parallel inverters is analyzed detailedly.Then an improved droop algorithm is proposed to realize wireless parallel operation.For this algorithm,active power and reactive power signals are included in the droop expression;and the differential signals of active power and reactive power are included.The active power and reactive power signals are used to obtain good steady-state performance;the differential signals are used to improve dynamic performance.Simulation results indicate that the wireless parallel inverters have good dynamic and steady-state performances,the power sharing performance;and circulating current restraining performance among inverter modules are also satisfactory by using the proposed algorithm.


• The Iberian example demonstrates that harmonisation is needed to build a common retail market - trade off between facilitation of access to market information and confidentiality restrictions • Need of common understanding on the role of DSO as market information hub - need of harmonisation, at least within regional retail markets, when access to market information is regulated. • Regarding consumer data protection - legal cover for DSOs to facilitate access to market information


Within the last ten or fifteen years the interest taken by English medical practitioners in the special departments of practice has been decidedly on the increase. In no speciality has this been more manifest and more real than in that of ophthalmology. General physicians have been even more emphatic than ophthalmic surgeons in their praises of the diagnostic value of the ophthalmoscope in .certain states of the general system and in some forms of intra-cranial disease, while general surgeons not infrequently find themselves confronted with cases of severe inflammation of the various structures of the eye associated with some constitutional morbid state, such as syphilis, or are often called upon to treat cases of injury to the eyeball or its adjacent structures. Without some acquaintance with the healthy functions and the morbid changes of the eye the responsibility of uii-


Retinal vein occlusion is commonly seen in the elderly.This article aims to comprehensively discuss the etiology,classification,risk factors and latest modalities of management of this condition.


This thesis presents two simulation-based methods for the identification of the performance limits of analog integrated circuits. These techniques allow a comparison of different circuit topologies with respect to their performance capabilities. The first method identifies the tradeoffs of interdependent performances at full simulator accuracy. Simultaneously it identifies the obstacles to a further performance improvement and quantifies their impact. The second method trades accuracy for efficiency and hence allows the estimation of the achievable performance values for circuits with a large number of performances. In exemplary fashion it is demonstrated how this approach enables a hierarchical design of analog systems. Both of the above methods benefit from an efficient method which generates advantageous initial solutions for the automatic design of analog circuits.


Spin networks appear in a number of areas, for instance in lattice gauge theories and in quantum gravity. They describe the contraction of intertwiners according to the underlying network. We show that a certain generating function of intertwiner contractions leads to the partition function of the 2d Ising model. This implies that the intertwiner model possesses a second order phase transition, thus leading to a continuum limit with propagating degrees of freedom.


Abstract In order to accomplish efficient mixing of liquids with large differences in flow rates, an efficient multi-orifice impinging transverse (MOIT) jet mixer is used in this paper. Its structure combines a conventional MOIT jet mixer with a venturi jet mixer to improve the mixing efficiency of the MOIT jet mixer. The flow characteristics and mixing effects inside the conventional and efficient jet mixer are numerically simulated by means of a Multiphase Models. Based on building the experimental platform, the maximum error between the simulation results and the experimental results obtained with the high-speed camera is 8.42%, which verifies that the model and simulation method applies to the simulation of the mixer. In addition, the paper uses MATLAB software to obtain the interphase contact area at the transverse orifice section and verifies that the contact area at the transverse orifice section affects the mixing effect of the mixer. The droplet size distribution was also analyzed by the CFD-PBM model. The results show that the efficient MOIT jet mixer has better mixing efficiency and mixing effect, and the optimal values of the number of orifices and main fluid flow rate of the jet mixer exist. In addition, the mixing effect of the mixer showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the orifice size. The results of this paper complete the optimization of the parameters of the MOIT jet mixer, facilitating its industrial application. And combining two different mixers to create a novel jet mixer, which provides a direction for the development of new jet mixers and helps to promote the development of the fine chemical industry.


The effects of factors including seedling age, different combinations of BA and NAA concentrations, Agar concentration,AgNO 3 and GA 3 on bud induction from cotyledon are analysed. The results indicate that the explants from 5 9 days old seedling are the most efficient to induce adventious buds. The concentration of BA is the key factor to adventious buds differentiation. BA lower than 2 mg/L, is harder to induce adventious buds. The combinations of 6 mg/L BA and 0.05 mg/L NAA can improve adventious buds induction. The culture medium with 12 g/L Agar, 5 mg/L AgNO 3 and 2 3 mg/L GA 3 can increase the frequence of differentiation. According to these results, a procedure for induction of adventious buds and regeneration system for Chinese cabbage is estabished. By using this system , high regeneration frequence can be obtained, but could be affected by genotypes.


Adult obesity is a major health concern in the United States. Adults who are overweight or obese are at higher risk for chronic illnesses, which include hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, obesity significantly contributes to increased healthcare costs. Rural adults experience higher rates of obesity as well as correspondingly elevated mortality and morbidity than their urban counterparts. The United States Preventative Task Force provides recommendations for addressing adult obesity. However, if these resources are not available in rural communities, nurse practitioners cannot follow these recommendations. A cross-sectional study was conducted with rural Missouri nurse practitioners. Findings showed although nurse practitioners feel obesity has a negative impact on the health of their patients, resources are limited to address obesity in their population.


Purpose: The antibiotic sensitivities to the causative microorganisms of urinary tract infection(UTI) during 2003 were studied in order to propose a better choice of adequate drugs for the treatment of UTI.Materials and Methods: 1,527 uropathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivities, in 889 patien...


Technological advances related to the use of satellite images allow the monitoring of the terrestrial surface, such as anthropic actions and environmental modifications. This science, whose main basis for using information on an object, area or phenomenon through data obtained by devices distant from the target, is known as remote sensing, and they become attractive because they reduce costs and have a greater information. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the dynamics of soil use in addition to the changes that would occur due to the advance of water distribution conditions in the city of Mossoró/RN, in the year 2016, using the Vegetation by Difference Index And the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index using the Landsat 8 satellite's Operational Land Imager. The images correspond to the WGS 84 orbit, Zone 24, with date of passage on the days (May 15 and September 20, of the year 2016). The Landsat 8 satellite was chosen because it has a satisfactory 16-day frequency of passing, and presents images with resolution of 30 meters per pixel with 12 bits per pixel, providing a large amount of information per pixel. Five categories were used (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5), these categories are divided by different placements, ranging from red to category 1 to dark green for category 5. The values of the Vegetation by Difference Index Were lower than the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index values.


Species-level identification of commercially landed fish provides pivotal information for stock assessment and fishery management. However, there is a common lack of species determination in landing records from small-scale fisheries (SSFs) worldwide. Using DNA barcoding analyses, we detected four overlooked bony fish (yellow snapper, union snook, blackspot wrasse, and steeplined drum) and one shark species (the sicklefin smooth-hound) in official landing records of SSFs from northern Peru. Of particular concern is the sicklefin smooth-hound shark Mustelus lunulatus that was found to be overlooked and could mistakenly be landed as the humpback smooth-hound M. whitneyi. Increased efforts should be made to improve species identification capacities in Peruvian fishing landings. There is an urgent need to quantify the catch levels of members of the genus Mustelus to species level. This would contribute to a better understanding of the levels of exploitation in each particular species and to improved management decisions.


Firms organize tournaments in crowdsourcing platforms to outsource complex tasks to external contributors. Members of a crowdsourcing platform may form temporarily self-organized virtual teams to p...


We collected fault zone cores from the Nojima Fault, which was activated by the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake, continuously from depths between 1,000 m and 1,838 m by drilling through the fault plane about one year after the earthquake. The cores were all granitic rocks, including porphyritic intrusive rocks in spots and remarkably fractured zones consisting of cataclastic rocks at three depths: around 1,140, 1,300, and 1,800 m. Core samples in fracture zones were polished for precisely observing fault related rock structures. In total, about 2,210 polished pieces were made and photographed. In addition, we took photographs of all the cores placed in core boxes. Those photographs were converted into digitized images (JPEG format) and stored on two volumes of CD-ROM. These digitized images of fracture zone cores are suitable for mesoscopic observation and quantitative image processing.


This study documents an investigation into the potential for high-speed rail (HSR) service in California between Los Angeles and San Francisco/Sacramento via a new alignment in the Central Valley. An earlier report, IURD Working Paper 564, reviewed technology and alignment issues, recommended a steel-wheel-on-steel rail option, and identified a preferred corridor for further analysis. This report presents the results of further analysis, including demand and revenue projections.


Abstract Calibration of land surface models improves simulations of surface water and energy fluxes and provides important information for water resources management. However, most calibration studies focus on local sites and/or small catchments because of computational limitations, lack of atmospheric forcing data, and lack of observed water and energy fluxes. Even though a well-established streamflow gauge network exists, its data are not well suited to the calibration of land surface models in cold regions because of large systematic precipitation biases. This study provides a newly developed method to adjust systematic precipitation biases arising from gauge undercatch (e.g., wind blowing, wetting loss, and evaporation loss). The new method estimates model parameter and precipitation errors simultaneously through the use of observed annual streamflow in the northeastern United States. The results show that this method improves streamflow simulations and gives a reasonable estimate for systematic preci...


Radio-frequency (RF) sensing tags are emerging as the next-generation paradigm toward gathering context-awareness information related to all objects' physical phenomena for the future Internet of Things (IoT). However, the most attention has been given to realize the sensing functions of a single tag rather than the mutual influences among adjacent tags. It has been found that when multiple RF sensing tags are deployed adjacently, these tags may fail to function properly. Therefore, motivated by the common requirements of deploying multiple RF sensing tags in the IoT, the mutual influences among tags are analyzed. We believe that the mutual impedance of tag antennas, which changes with the antenna separations among adjacent RF sensing tags, affects the wireless links between the tags and reader. The mutual impedance is analyzed using the method of moments and is substituted into forward and backward links. The calculation results show that the influence of the antenna mutual impedance on the RF sensing tag takes the wavelength of RF waves as the period, fluctuates, and gradually diminishes as the separations between antennas increase. To validate the analysis, a sensor array is formed using multiple RF sensing tags integrated with magnetic sensors. The experimental results show that once the antenna separations between the tags exceed 1.5 wavelengths, the backscattering sensing data can be decoded, and the interrogation success rates reach 100%. Numerous sensor arrays can be deployed ubiquitously with convenience, providing a clustered solution toward distributed sensing for the IoT.


Since summer 1991 the scatterometer aboard European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 have provided global radar backscatter measurements of the Earth's surface. Over the oceans, these data are used operationally for wind field retrieval. Simultaneously possible applications of these low resolution data over land surfaces were studied by numerous investigators. Due to the global coverage, the continuity of the data and the wide range of incidence angle these data have been found to provide valuable information despite the coarse resolution. The authors analyze normalized radar cross section (NRCS) measurement obtained over Thar desert in Pakistan between May 1994 and May 1996. Spatial variations in the radar cross section are compared with vegetational and meteorological parameters. Seasonal as well as interannual variations are investigated by correlating the radar backscatter with phenological, meteorological and AVHRR NDVI data. Zonal characterization of area is made on the basis of backscatter behavior and meteorological data. The geophysical parameters of the land are reflected in the incidence angle diversity of the ERS scatterometer. It is demonstrated that valuable information can be delineated from the ERS scatterometer data over arid regions in order to provide data for environmental and especially climatic monitoring.


This paper presents a new calibration method of short distance precision of total station which is called indoor baseline, and discusses its measuring steps and data processing.


The fundamentals for measuring the high power ultra wide-band(UWB) pulse signal by E-field probe and its structure is described in this paper.The measuring results by E-field probe and TEM horn antenna are given.This probe is characterized by simple structure and easy operation.It is an effective and practical way to measure high power ultra wide-band pulse singnal.


Among some hymenoptera recently received from Mr. A. Gordon Leavitt, of St. John, N. B., is a very interesting male of Thyreopus latipes, Smith. The sexes of this genus are readily separated, as the males have the anterior legs remarkabty modifed; the tibiæ: especially being developed in broad shields, or leaf-like expansions. The antennæ are simple in the female, but those of the male have the flagellum fusiform and compressed. In T. latipes the basal joints are broad, and the flagellum narrows from the second joint to the apex.


In this paper, we analyze the effect on price and quantity traded of a commodity of an excise tax payment under different conditions. First, we analyze the effect of the tax payment as in traditional analysis, where the firm considers tax as a "bad" to be avoided. Next, we propose a new approach for sharing the payment for the firm. Finally, we develop a new philosphical and psychological analysis wehere tax payment may be considered as a "good" to be happily provided by the firm rather than a "bad" that needs totally to be avoided.


This paper presents data and modelling results of asphalt pavement strain responses for different pavement temperature conditions. The tensile strains developed at the bottom of the structural layers in a thick asphalt pavement are critical to the thickness design.
Measured strain data have been collected during a pavement response to load experiment undertaken using the IFSTTAR's accelerated pavement testing (APT) facility. The effect of the pavement temperature on the tensile strains at the bottom of the asphalt layers is derived from the data in different pavements structures, at different speeds and for different wheel configurations in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.
A thermo-viscoelastic pavement response to load model has also been used to evaluate strains. When comparing measured strains with calculated strains, the viscoelastic model is found to provide a good agreement with the APT strain signals.


Objective To analyze the influence of delivery and feeding modes on intestinal flora of healthy infants and investigate the role and significance of the molecular microbial ecology related to intestinal canal in the cholestatic liver disease. Methods Thirty-seven cases of healthy infants(including 21 cases of vaginal delivery,16 cases of caesarean birth;15 cases of breast-feeding,22 cases of bottle-feeding) and 84 cases of cholestatic liver disease were selected,and their stool were collected,the bacterial DNA in the stool between the both groups and A260 value was measured,and the numbers of the 3 kinds of representative bacteria of bifidobacterium,lactobacillus and escherichia coli were determined by applying real-time fluorescent PCR. Results In comparison of the delivery infants to caesarean infants and breast-feeding infants to bottle-feeding infants,the bacterial DNA A260 value in stool specimen and the numbers of the 3 kinds of representative bacteria had no statistically significant difference(Pa0.05).The bacterial DNA A260 value in the stool specimen in the healthy control group and cholestatic liver disease group were(1.94±0.47) g·L-1 and(0.40±0.09) g·L-1,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between both groups(t=8.91,P=0.00);log value of the numbers of 3 kinds of representative bacteria in healthy control group and cholestatic liver disease group were:bifidobacterium 9.49 ±0.59 vs 7.68±0.57;lactobacillus 8.58±0.32 vs 8.16±0.70;escherichia coli 6.87±0.67 vs 7.26±0.86,respectively.In comparison of the 3 kinds of representative bacteria in both groups had statistically significant difference(t=15.96,3.46,-2.41;P=0.00,0.00,0.02). Conclusions Different modes of delivery and feeding had no influence on intestinal flora of healthy infants;the intestinal flora of infants with cholestatic liver disease is different from that of healthy infants,total bacteria in the stool of the former decrease,the numbers of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus significantly decrease,whereas the number of escherichia coli significantly increases,which suggests that the occurrence and development of cholestatic liver disease of infants have a certain relationship with the intestinal flora.


With the rising demand of the world forthe energy, many issues about well workoverin the complex oil and gas wells will be encountered in the secondary development of the old oil fields.Consequently, it's extremely significant to identify the factors of formation damage clearly and formulate the corresponding various technology measurement between reservoir protection and remove the reservoir damage.According to the mechanism of reservoir damage, this paper summarized some ideas,processes and a bunch of working solution about reservoir protection.It should be helpful to prolong the development period of the oil and gas wells in Yanchang oilfield and provide a directive function to enhance the productivity of the oil and gas well.


The invention discloses a use of a trans-1,4-polydiene composite rubber, and an application formula of the trans-1,4-polydiene composite rubber. The composite rubber is composed of 10-80% by mass of trans-1,4-polyisoprene and 20-90% by mass of a trans-1,4-butadiene-isoprene copolymer, and the copolymer is composed of 0.1-99.9mol% of a butadiene unit and 0.1-99.9mol% by mole of an isoprene unit. The substitution of natural rubber and/or styrene-butadiene rubber and/or butadiene rubber in a tire surface rubber by 5-30 parts of the composite rubber obviously improves the wear resistance of a tire and reduces the rolling resistance. The substitution of natural rubber and/or butadiene rubber in the sidewall rubber of the tire by 5-50 parts of the composite rubber obviously improves the crack increasing resistance of the tire, reduces the rolling resistance and heat generation, and makes the good traction performance of the tire be maintained, so the composite rubber is especially suitable for dynamic use rubber products comprising tires, damping materials and the like, especially tire surface rubber of all-steel radial tires or high duty tires.


Indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) nanowires were grown on gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate by using metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) via vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) technique. The grown InGaP wires were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed that the growth of the InGaP wires depend strongly on the growth temperatures and substrate orientations. At low temperature of 380°C, wires grown on GaAs substrates were almost cylinderlike, while with increasing temperatures ranging from 410-500°C, the reversetapering phenomenon occurred producing microphone-like InGaP nanowires. With increasing temperature from 380-500°C, Au alloy-seed particle or the head part of the InGaP nanowires were also observed to be thicker in diameter (85-452 nm) than the body part (49.2-224.3 nm), which had been proven by the chemical compositions percentage in EDX analysis. Wires grown on GaAs (100) substrate were less than number of wires on GaAs (111) B substrate although wires on both substrates are basically grown on random directions. Twin boundaries crystal defects have been detected on some of the InGaP nanowires structures from TEM analysis. Such defects are not good and should be avoided to prevent further problem when being incorporated into potential devices. The crystal structure for all samples of InGaP wires is zinc blende (ZB), the lattice spacing (d) of InGaP wires is 3.342A, and the lattice parameter (a) is 5.788A.


We are currently witnessing an evolution of technologies blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres. Electronics become highly flexible and even mechanically stretchable, with applications ranging from wearable consumer electronics to mobile health, sports, and well‐being. The materials aspects of flexible and stretchable electronics is covered in depth by many pioneers in the field, summarizing also the latest developments spanning from stretchable interconnects to the level of highly sophisticated electronic skin [1–5]. A wide class of materials is available in thin film forms, ranging from dielectrics and semiconductors to metals, as well as a cornucopia of industrially relevant processing methods. Initial attempts toward biocompatible electronics paved the way toward epidermal [6] and implantable electronics [7–9]. Sustainable use of material resources is a major concern of our society, challenging research with the ever‐growing amount of electronic waste, estimated to be 41.8 million metric tons (Mt) at the end of 2014 and forecasted to reach 50 million Mt by 2018 [10]. Inspiration from nature led to the first approaches to biodegradable forms of electronics, finally culminating in the development of transient electronics that simply degrades after service life [11]. The state of the art in "green" electronics has been summarized in a recent review, covering degradable substrates and materials for encapsulation, as well as dielectrics, semiconductors, and metals for basic electronic circuit elements [12]. In this chapter we will provide a brief overview on "green" materials for degradable circuit boards and organic electronics, including the latest developments in the field. We first summarize Emerging "Green" Materials and Technologies for Electronics Melanie Baumgartner, Maria E. Coppola, Niyazi S. Sariciftci, Eric D. Glowacki, Siegfried Bauer, and Mihai Irimia‐Vladu


We consider the problem of an atomic three-level system in interaction with a radiation field. The time evolution of the system, in atomic ladder and Λ configurations, is solved exactly assuming a coherent-state as the initial atomic state. We calculate the atomic spin-squeezing, the atomic entropy-squeezing, and their variances. We show that the spin-squeezing and the entropy-squeezing exhibit similar time dependence.


Background: Syncope in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is related to rapid reciprocating tachycardia or rapid ventricular response over the accessory pathway during atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the frequency of syncope in patients with WPW syndrome. Methods: We reviewed the records of 150 consecutive patients with WPW syndrome. Results: There were 20 patients (13.3%) who reported at least one episode of syncope and 130 patients (86.7%) without such a history. Conclusion: Syncope is relatively frequent in patients with WPW. Patient with WPW syndrome who has experienced this symptom should be thoroughly evaluated.


BACKGROUND
Sunitinib (SUN) induced hypoxia within the tumor could promote the activation of the prodrug evofosfamide (EVO), locally releasing the cytotoxic DNA alkylator bromo-isophosphoramide mustard. SUNEVO, a phase II open-label, single arm trial investigated the potential synergy of SUN plus EVO in advanced progressive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs).

METHODS
Systemic treatment-naive patients with advanced or metastatic, unresectable G1/2 panNETs with a Ki67≤20%, received EVO 340 mg/m2 on days 8, 15, and 22 every 4 weeks and sunitinib 37.5 mg/day continuously. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), measured every 8 weeks by RECIST 1.1.

RESULTS
From 2015 to 2018, 17 patients were enrolled. The median age was 62.4 years, 47% had a Ki-67>10%, and 70.6% had liver metastasis. Patients received a median of 5 and 4 cycles of SUN and EVO, respectively. After a median follow-up of 15.7 months, 17.6% of patients achieved a complete (n= 1) or partial response (n= 2), 11 patients had stable disease (64.7%). The median PFS was 10.4 months (95%CI: 2.6-18.0). Treatment-related adverse events (≥G3) were observed in 64.7% of the patients; Most frequent being neutropenia (35.3%), fatigue (17.6%), and thrombopenia (11.8%). Treatment discontinuation due to toxicity was reported in 88.2% of the patients. No correlation was found between treatment response and DAXX, ATRX, MEN1, SETD2 and PTEN gene mutations.

CONCLUSIONS
SUN plus EVO had a negative toxicity profile that should be taken into account for further clinical research in advanced panNETs. The combination showed moderate activity in terms of treatment response that did not correlate with Somatic mutations.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Addition of hypoxia-activated prodrugs has been proposed as a potential mechanism to overcome tumor resistance to antiangiogenic agents. Sunitinib and evofosfamide, which were widely proposed as a potential synergistic option, showed modest efficacy in panNETs, reaching a median ORR of 17.6% and median PFS of 10.4 months. Treatment response does not correlate with the biomarkers analyzed. The high systemic toxicity, with 88.2% of patients discontinuing the treatment, makes this therapeutic approach unfeasible and encourages future research to overcome panNETs resistance to antiangiogenic agents with other therapies with a safer profile.


We present results for the form factor f Kp + (0), needed to extract the CKM matrix elementjVusj from experimental data on semileptonic K decays, on the HISQ Nf = 2+ 1+ 1 MILC configurations. The HISQ action is also used for the valence sector. The data set used for our final result includes three different values of the lattice spacing and data at the physical light quark masses. We discuss the error budget and how this calculation improves on our previous determination of f Kp + (0) on the asqtad Nf = 2+ 1 MILC configurations.


Intestinal and diffuse adenocarcinomas of the stomach differ in phenotypic properties, morphology, and growth behavior. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is induced via specific cell‐surface receptors (SC‐1, Fas/APO‐1/CD95) and coregulated by intracellular molecules (bcl‐2, p53, etc.); the success of apoptotic processes is dependent on the expression of these signals. Differences in the expression of specific apoptosis receptors and intracellular‐related signals might help to explain the molecular pathogenesis of these two types of stomach adenocarcinoma.


Population structure and growth rate of the stalked barnacle Pollicipes polymerus Sowerby differed between a rocky headland along protected outer coast (Goleta Point, Santa Barbara, California) and the supports of an 18 yr old oil production platform (Holly, ARCO) located 3 km offshore. The population structure at Goleta Pt. was positively skewed, with a maximum individual size of 26 mm capitulum height (CH). The population structure at Holly was distinctly bimodal, with a maximum individual size of 36 mm CH. The differences in maximum size were attributable to the much faster growth rate of offshore barnacles. A P. polymerusat 10 mm CH grew 0.114 mm d-' at Holly compared with 0.033 mm d-' at Goleta Pt. The skewed size distribution at Goleta Pt. was due to poor long-term sunrival, in part because of erosion of the soft shale rock substratum. The age of the platform, the stability of the pipe substratum, and intraspecific competition contributed to the bimodal size distribution of the offshore population. The factors which influence the growth and survival of P. polymerus at Holly may similarly influence these characteristics in other invertebrate species at the same offshore location.


The study by Valeriani et al. (2005) points out the properties of the somatosensory system in childhood migraine: it deals with the question of increased or decreased neuronal excitability, which were the phenomena in turn suggested by various authors to explain the neurophysiological abnormalities in migraine. It is not a secondary problem, considering some therapeutic implications, e.g. those of the antiepileptics drugs, which may increase the inhibition or reduce the excitability in the brain. Valeriani et al. performed a simple technique to test the excitability of the somatosensory system, consisting of the recovery cycle of the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) after paired stimulation, in a cohort of migraine children. Childhood migraine is the best model for the study of the pathophysiologic basis of the disease, because many factors may occur during the course of life, such as concomitant diseases, effects of drugs and environmental influences, changing the phenotypic expression of migraine. The authors hypothesized that there is a generalized dysfunction of the inhibitory systems for an impaired ionic channels mechanism. To this author, it seems unlikely that the complexity of migraine is generated by a single abnormality. Rather a failure of the inhibitory system may have at its basis different genetically predisposed mechanisms. Up until now, habituation to repetitive sensory and sensitive stimulation was used to test the pathophysiological basis of migraine. A loss of habituation to visual, acoustic (Ambrosini et al., 2003), and painful stimuli (Valeriani et al., 2003) was found as a feature of migraine, but the neurophysiological basis of this phenomenon, if it takes origin from a basal hyper or hypo-excitability of the afferent systems, is far from explained. The effects of TMS on visual evoked potentials in migraine (Bohotin et al., 2002) supported the hypothesis that the visual cortex is hypo-excitable in migraine. The degree of VEP habituation was negatively correlated with amplitude in the first block of averaged responses (Afra et al., 2000), which suggests that the lack of habituation in migraine may be due to a decreased cortical preactivation level. In this sense, the lack of habituation can be explained by the 'ceiling


Structural inhomogeneities in crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-(delta ) are characterized using high resolution x-ray diffraction. Rocking curves and a high resolution specular radial scan show features indicating that the crystals are not truly 'single'. The high resolution radial scan of a crystal that had a superconducting transition width of only one-half Kelvin, as determined by ac susceptibility, and appeared to be free of gross defects, when examined with conventional x-ray diffraction techniques, shows a distribution in the c-axis lattice parameter. These results suggest that crystals with sharp transitions should be carefully examined for the presence of structural anomalies which might influence the superconductive properties.


Zr-Ti-based alloys were designed according to the electron concentration (e/a) and average atomic size rules. All the compositions satisfy the same electron concentration e/a=1.5 and average atomic radius 0.1496 nm as those of the ZreoAl2oNi2o bulk metallic glasses (BMG). A new technique, laser-induced combustion synthesis (LCS) technique, was applied to fabricate these alloys. The LCS products mainly consist of intermetallic phases, but in Zr55Ti10.8Al17.1Ni17.1 and Zr50Ti21.eAl14.2Ni14.2 the amorphous phases are found. The hardness and tribology characters are dosely related to the phase content. In general, the more the amorphous phase, the lower the hardness and the higher the average friction coefficient.


In this paper we show that a Banach algebra A is amenable if and only if A has any one of the following properties: (i) whenever X is a Banach A-bimodule and Y is an A-submodule of X, then for each f E Y* such that a .f = f. a, a E A, there exists f E X* which extends f and a *f = f a for all a E A; (ii) whenever X is a Banach A-bimodule, there exists a bounded projection P from X* onto (f E X*; a *f = f * a for all a E A) such that TX P = P * T for any weak* continuous bounded linear operator T from X* into X* commuting with the action of A on X*. The class of ultraweakly amenable von Neumann algebras with separable predual can be similarly characterized.


Controlling the temperature of built environments has become an increasingly necessary and complex challenge due to the increase in global ambient temperature, bcause of factors such as accelerated greenhouse effect and large presence of pollution in big cities. It is known that human beings have ideal temperatures for their survival and better performance in everyday tasks, such as working or practicing sports. The high level of development of engineering technology makes this task simpler and yields increasingly satisfactory results. Based on these factors, this work presents a solution for temperature control in built environments for tropical and subtropical regions, where the temperature is mostly higher. To do so, being able to refresh these environments is often enough to maintain the ideal temperature without the need of heating these places. The project in question is an efficient alternative because it uses few resources, in a controlled way. A system involving PID control and the PWM method to regulate the actuator power, a 12V cooler, is designed and implemented. It is also used the Arduino prototyping platform, which performs all the information obtained by the sensor and controls the actuator action, from previous configuration in the integrated software. Different values for the PID control are tested and applied and an optimized result is obtained for the system. The values of temperature obtained from this control are satisfactory and provide a comfortable environment in this prototype of small scale dwelling. The reaction time and stabilization are ideal for the proposed project, expected results in a PI system.


I read with interest the editorial (April 10). I have every confidence that Project 2000 nurses are worth employing. However, I am not sure that one can conclude from this that P2000 is working. An alternative interpretation could be that the people who choose the nursing profession and who survive the course become competent nurses despite the education and training they receive, rather than as a result of it.


Sports culture is an indispensable part of campus culture.To build healthy,civilized and positive campus culture in higher vocational college,it is important to arouse students' interest in sports,make them comprehend the truth of sports and practice habits of sports for a lifetime so that they can meet the physical requirements for front-line workers after graduation.Thus the paper puts forward that we can not rely solely on organizing sports activities to boost sports culture.We need to explore ways of reaching out to the social development.To this end,the paper proposes that according to the present development of higher vocational education,physical educators should put more stress on the campus sports education and study the new concept of physical education and work out new strategy to build a campus sports culture with distinguishing vocational features.


Carbon-carbon composite grids were fabricated and tested for a 14 cm diameter xenon ion thruster. The objective is to demonstrate the thruster performance capability of carbon-carbon grids in comparison with molybdenum grids. Several drilling methods were examined and evaluated in terms of hole finish and drilling cost. Results showed that the best method is mechanical drilling with a tungsten-carbide bit. Carbon-carbon grids were fabricated from PANbased carbon-carbon composite panels by this method. The accelerator grid was made 0.8 mm thick at a 27 % open area fraction. The screen grid was made 0.5 mm thick at a 67 % open area fraction. The grids attained satisfactory accuracy in dimensions, except for the screen grid flatness. This grid set was tested on the ion thruster. Thruster performance and grid perveance were measured, and compared with those of molybdenum grids. Test results showed that the carbon-carbon grids gave almost the same thruster performance as the molybdenum grids. Accelerator grid currents were larger for the carbon-carbon grids. The ion beam was less divergent for the carbon-carbon grids. For the carbon-carbon grids, initial arcing continued for a longer period even at lower total voltages. They suffered heavy damage by this arcing, which indicated that carbon-carbon grids require further improvements to mitigate arcing.


The inclusion of recent photographs of displacement and violence in a book about la Violencia—a phenomenon that took place some fifty years earlier—may seem like a peculiar choice to many readers and so requires some explanation on the part of the author. When my editor, Valerie Millholland, first approached me about providing photographs to accompany this text, I demurred. Most of the existing images of the period were ones used to fan partisan hatred by one group against another and were almost without exception lurid representations that exploited the victims and titillated the viewer but contributed little to a deeper understanding of the complexity and human sorrow of violence. On a research trip to Medellín in June of , as this book was about to enter into production, I happened upon an exhibit of works by Jesús Abad Colorado in the recently renovated Museo de Antioquia. I was so moved by his photographs of the current conflict in Antioquia and by the fact that nearly all of them were taken of displacements and violence occurring in the very same towns most affected by violence during the period I study in this book, that I resolved then and there to approach the photographer about the possibility of using some of his photographs to accompany this text. Little did I know that in addition to being an extremely gifted visual storyteller, Jésus Abad Colorado wrote narratives to accompany his photographs that in their basic outlines mirrored almost exactly the stories I recount here. It is the hope of both the photographer and myself that the conscious association of these images of recent violence in Antioquia with a written narrative of events taking place half a century earlier will invite readers to draw connections between past and present violence. Perhaps the anguish of recurrence these images bring to mind may lead to a greater understanding of the historical roots of conflict in Colombia. That is certainly our wish and motivation.—Mary Roldán


e22027 Background: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are an independent prognostic indicator of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and are use...


The synthesis of urea by the effects of ionizing radiations on a mixture of methylene chloride and ammonium chloride can be accomplished with a satisfactory yield in a methyl solution or in a dilute alcoholic medium. Because of the activation of oxygen by the radiation, the radiosynthesis decreases in the presence of some oxygen acceptors. (tr-auth)


The objective of this study is to evaluation the total polyphenol and the antioxidant activity of freeze‐dried ginseng(Panax genseng C.A. meyer cv Yun‐poong) for root area and diameter. Ginseng root consists of the main root(MR), lateral root(LR) and fine root(FR). These roots were sorted 3~4 group(MR 1~4 group, LR 1~4 group, FR 1~3 group) depending on the diameter of each center region. Total polyphenol content of ginseng showed the highest in FR‐3 among the all samples. The antioxidant activity measured using DPPH radical‐scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity. DPPH radical‐scavenging activity of FR‐3(IC50: 7.03 mg/mL) showed the highest value in all samples but MR‐2(IC50: 37.02 mg/mL) showed the lowest value. On the whole, hydrogen donating activity of FR was significantly higher than for other groups. ABTS radical scavenging activity of FR‐3 was significantly higher than any of the other samples. Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of ginseng showed the highest in FR‐3 and the result exhibited that polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of ginseng were related to root area and diameter.


This study investigates the suitability of automated extraction to generate datasets for social network analysis (SNA) by constructing social networks through Pre Conflict. org's Dyna Link tool and the traditional manual snowball approach. Comparisons between the two techniques are accomplished via analytic results derived from commonly applied SNA centrality measures. Results indicate that automated extraction can incorporate a substantial amount of extraneous actors and relationships into the social network model necessitating an analyst review of the acquired data.


The purposes of this research are to know the factors literary students choose
the topic of the theses, to know the reason they choose the certain theory, and to
find out the contribution of the theses to researchers, reader, and institution. This
research is to show the theses of English literature students at the State Islamic
University of STS Jambi are produced so that formed the dominant discourse and
marginalize discourse. This research applies the Critical Discourse Analysis
theory and Genealogy approach by Michel Foucault. The research uses descriptive
qualitative research to describe the result. The results of the research show that
there are external and internal factors. External factors shows that there is a
practice a power in producing the theses, like support statement from the head of
department and also supervisors. Meanwhile the internal factors, there are
discipline, commentary, and author of production the discourse. Then there is the
relation between power and knowledge to apply the theories in the theses, the
relation happened between students and lectures that practice power to limit
knowledge. The last is the theses have a contribution for researcher, reader, and
institution. The writer finds that theses as a practice and have effects. For
researcher is to get scholar degree. Theses also contribute the reader especially
English literature students to make their theses as references. The writer did not
find the theses which use film as topic contribute for institution, and so far the
theses are only for administration prerequisite. Beside that, from the dominant
topics in the theses, it makes another topics marginalized.


Artificial Intelligence (AI) is at the top of the agenda for education leaders today in educating the next generation across the globe. However, public understanding of AI technologies and how to define AI literacy is under‐explored. This vision poses upcoming challenges for our next generation to learn about AI. On this note, an exploratory review was conducted to conceptualize the newly emerging concept "AI literacy", in search for a sound theoretical foundation to define, teach and evaluate AI literacy. Grounded in literature on 18 existing peer‐reviewed articles, this review proposed four aspects (i.e, know and understand, use, evaluate, and ethical issues) for fostering AI literacy based on the adaptation of classic literacies. This study sheds light on the consolidated definition, teaching, and ethical concerns on AI literacy, establishing the groundwork for future research such as competency development and assessment criteria on AI literacy.


【Objective】 To discuss the causes and treatment of severe hemorrhage in percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL).【Methods】 A retrospective study was accomplished on 7 patients of PNL from January 2003 to May 2011.The causes and treatment of hemorrhage during or after operation were studied.【Results】 7 cases suffered from severe hemorrhage,among them 6 patients were cured conservatively by supplement blood volume,haemostasis therapy etc,1 case who did not respond to conservative means was cured by selective arterial embolization.【Conclusion】 PNL is highly recommended to treat kidney stones.The most serious complication is hemorrhage and we should take active prevention and control measures.


Botanists have likened the impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Australian plant communities to that of the last ice age, which affected a large number of plant families, genera and species within these families. Phytophthora cinnamomi affects the floristics and structure of many unique plant communities. We discuss the impact of this pathogen and our current knowledge of its biology, genetics and pathology in Western Australian plant communities and the current management strategies used to limit its spread and impact. We hope that the knowledge obtained from some of our experiences in managing this pathogen in Western Australian natural ecosystems will be of some benefit to researchers studying Phytophthora diseases in Quercus, Alnus and Castanea in Europe and America.


Some aphids in a population of Pemphigus bursarius on the roots of a summer host do not form wings and fly back to poplar. The fate of these apterae has been investigated and it was found that they could successfully overwinter even though their original host plant had died. Having overwintered without their host, they were then able to colonize the roots of a spring-planted lettuce crop. Whether the soil was cultivated before or after winter seemed to have little effect on the numbers of apterae that survived.

The influence of temperature on the survival of apterae was studied, and from the findings it appears to be well within the capacity of P. bursarius, in the Midlands, to hibernate in the soil without a host from October to April.


Calorific values of plants are important indices for evaluating and reflecting material cycle and energy conversion in forest ecosystems.Based on the data of larch(Larix spp) in northeast China,the calorific values(CV's) and ash contents(AC's) of different plant organs were analyzed systematically using hypothesis test and regression analysis in this paper.The results show:(i) the CV's and AC's of different plant organs are almost significantly different,and the order by AFCV(ash-free calorific value) from the largest to the smallest is foliage(21.57 kJ/g),branches(20.98 kJ/g),stem bark(20.73 kJ/g),root(19.88 kJ/g),and stem wood(19.51 kJ/g);and the order by AC is foliage(5.79%),stem bark(2.48%),branches(1.88%),root(0.95%),and stem wood(0.47%);(ii) the CV's and AC's of stem woods are increasing from lower to top sections of trunk,and those of top,middle and lower sections are significantly different;(iii) the CV's and AC's of roots are increasing from stump to large and small roots,and those between each pair are significantly different;(iv) the mean GCV(gross calorific value),AFCV and AC of aboveground part are larger than those of belowground part(roots),and the differences are also statistically significant;(v) the CV's and AC's of different organs are significantly related to diameter,height and origin of the tree,but the influence degrees of the factors on CV's and AC's are not the same.


Based on founding a platform of servo control system,this paper presented an effective algorithm for eliminating impulse interferential signal and error signal resulted by motor shaft rippling according to the signal character.Applying this algorithm in actual control system,the control results suggest that the measure precision has been improved greatly.


The relations between King Abdulaziz and Sharif Al-Hussein Bin Ali witnessed developments led to military clashes between the two parties. After the Tarbah battle in 1337AH/1919AD, in which the forces of King Abdulaziz gained victory, the way became opened for the forces of King Abdulaziz to conquer Hijaz, but the statesmanship imposed on King Abdulaziz to postpone it for several years until conditions would be more favorable for such a step. After such a battle, Hussein bin Ali had harassing actions against the followers of King Abdulaziz, including preventing the pilgrims of Najd from performing Hajj and punishing some Tribes of Hijaz loyal to King Abdulaziz by economical narrowing on them. King Abdulaziz did not lose sight of that, but he prevented his followers from doing business with Hijaz. Also, there were some clashes between the forces of King Abdulaziz led by Faisal Al-Duweish and the forces of Iraq and East Jordan in the borderline areas. Englishmen did not succeed in ending the border clashes in Mahmara Conference and then in Uqair Conference. Then, Kuwait Conference was held, but it did not achieve its goals due to the intransigent position pursued by Sharif Al-Hussein, which resulted in increasing the enmity between the two parties. Then, Sharif announced himself a Caliph of Muslims. When King Abdulaziz held the Conference of Riyadh and met with the leaders of his forces they agreed on the need to rid Hijaz from the rule of Sharifs. The King sent a force to the borderline with Iraq and East Jordan to prevent the supplies from the Sons of Al-Hussein. The forces of King Abdulaziz (Ikhwan) moved and defeated the forces of Al-Hussein in 1343AH/1924AD in Huwaya then in Taif after a fierce battle, then in Hada after the arrival of Al- Hussein's supplies to his forces. Such victories have had important results, including that Hussein abdicated to his son Ali after the decision of eminent persons of Hijaz. After that, the Forces of King Abdulaziz proceeded and entered Makkah after the departure of Ali Bin Al-Hussein of it and barricaded himself in Jeddah.


Introduction: For older adults, physical activity (PA) is important in the prevention and management of chronic disease, and is able to reduce physical decline, maintain functional ability and prevent injuries. The benefits of progressive resistance training (PRT) for older adults have been well-documented. Although high-intensity training in controlled settings has been shown to significantly improve strength and functional performance, many barriers prevent older adults from attending formal 'gym'-based programs. Home and small group formats are potentially practical and feasible approaches for delivering community-based PRT programs. Previously, a home-based aerobic endurance program was found to be as effective as a group-based program in improving older adults' cardiovascular fitness (King, Haskell, Taylor, Kraemer, & DeBusk, 1991). However, to date, no research study has directly compared homeand group-based PRT programs, in terms of assessing their relative effectiveness in improving older adults' functional ability, and physical and psychological well-being. The main aims of this study were to develop and evaluate a community-based PRT program for older adults and to compare the effectiveness of individual (home-based) and group (centre-based) program delivery. Methods: This group randomised trial involved 167 residents (mean age 79±6 yrs, range 65 to 96 yrs, 79% women) from nine retirement villages. Villages were assigned to one of three program groups: 'Have A Try' (HAT) was a home-based program involving 11 exercises, supervised via home visits and telephone contacts; 'Come Have A Try' (CHAT) comprised the same exercises as 'Have A Try', delivered in a group format; the comparison program was a supervised walking group (CHATW). Participants completed/attended two 1-hour sessions twice a week for 20 weeks. Data were collected via self-complete survey and physical tests administered at baseline and 21 weeks. Outcome measures included objectively measured functional performance (Senior Fitness Test and static balance tests), self-reported balance confidence (Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale), health-related quality of life (Vitality Plus Scale and SF-12), psychological well-being (Goldberg Scale for Anxiety and Depression) and self-reported level of PA [assessed using the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors survey, following examination of its measurement properties in a sample of 43 older adults]. For HAT and CHAT only, study retention, program adherence and compliance with the PRT prescription were assessed after the 20-week intervention phase (IP), and again after a 24-week Maintenance Phase (MP) and a further 20-week On-going Maintenance Phase (OMP). Results: Significant between-group differences were observed only for the lower body flexibility test (CHAT participants improved while HAT and CHAT-W participants did not, pl0.05). However, strength, lower body flexibility and agility/dynamic balance improved in CHAT participants, and strength and upper body flexibility improved in HAT participants (all pl0.05). Participants in the CHAT program improved their static balance scores more than those in the HAT program; however improvements in balance confidence were greater among participants in the HAT program (all pl.05). Change in balance confidence was weakly correlated with change in dynamic balance/agility. There were no statistically significant changes over time or between groups in any indicators of physical and psychological wellbeing. The median amount of moderate-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was less than one hour per week in each intervention group at baseline. Participating in the HAT/CHAT/CHAT-W programs increased median MVPA frequency and volume, however the differences were not statistically significant over time or between groups. For activities not included in the intervention programs, there were no statistically significant differences in follow-up MVPA scores. Eighteen participants (11%) did not complete follow-up testing. There were no significant between-group differences in retention rates at the end of the IP. More HAT than CHAT participants withdrew from the study during the MP and the OMP (79% versus 49%, pl0.01). More participants in CHAT than HAT achieved the target number of sets (2) and repetitions (15) for most exercises (pl0.05) during the IP. More than half the HAT and CHAT participants completed >=75% of the prescribed activity sessions during the IP, but adherence was significantly greater in CHAT than HAT during the MP (54% versus 36%, pl0.01). Discussion: Both programs enhanced aspects of functional ability. However, the ability of the measures of well-being used in this study to detect changes associated with exercise interventions requires further evaluation. Instructor-led group classes were more effective than individual home-based programs in terms of retention and adherence, and encouraged better compliance with the training protocol. The findings of this study support the implementation of the PRT programs in retirement villages. In future, participants could benefit from support in adopting additional activities to accrue the health benefits of PA. This study highlights the potential for translation of this research into more widespread practice in aged care. Given current government interest and initiatives in Healthy Ageing, it would be timely to consider changes to policy and practice which encourage more widespread adoption of regular PRT programs in retirement villages and aged care facilities throughout Australia.


It is proved that the projection constants of twoand three-dimensional spaces are bounded by 4/3 and (1 + √ 5)/2, respectively. These bounds are attained precisely by the spaces whose unit balls are the regular hexagon and dodecahedron. In fact, a general inequality for the projection constant of a real or complex n-dimensional space is obtained and the question of equality therein is discussed. 1,2 During the work on this paper both authors were partially supported by NATO Collaborative Research Grant CRG 920047.


Recent phylogenetic studies of the colonial Volvocales are reviewed.They are based on morphological data of vegetativ eultrastructure and life cycle or nucleotide sequence data. Comaparative morphological studies of the sexual reproduction of the colonial Volvocales suggested that the four-celled species Gonium sociale is placed in a phylogenetic position separated from other members of the colonial Volvocales(Nozaki1986).A cladistic analysis based on morphological dataalso indicated the peculiar phylogentic position of G.sociale(thus transferred to another genus Tetrabaena)and suggested that the evolution from isogamy to anisogamy had occurred once within the colonial Volvocales(Nozaki&Itoh 1994).However,molecular phylogeny based on rRNA sequence data resolved multiple evolution of anisogamy as well as reverse evolution from anisogamy to isogamy within such organisms(Larson recent molecular phylogenetic research based on rbcL sequence data of the colonial


One of the core principles of the Knowledge Managem ent movement is that of capturing expertise and making it accessible to those in the organization w ho need it (see, e.g., Amidon, 1997; Stewart, 1997) . The process of harvesting the tacit knowledge of the expert and converting it into a form that is available and us ef l presents some formidable obstacles. We explore the needs and the means to perform the needed activities that will r esult in a computer-based resource that fulfils those needs.


These proceedings introduce a new proposal for a low-emittance
muon collider. A low-emittance muon beam is obtained from the process e$^+$e$^-\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-$ with positrons at the threshold energy of 45 GeV. A first test beam to validate the low-emittance muon production concept will be presented.


In June 2016, after one and a half years live on Alma, the unthinkable happened: we lost an estimated 1.6 million MARC records which constituted approximately 60% of our total collection. This was due to a lack of in-house training and an honest mistake on our part. In the midst of this catastrophic situation we worked closely with Ex Libris support and developed new appreciation for their skills and backup service. Valuable experience and knowledge about the system was gained as we worked hard to recover our data. We were quite amazed later to learn just how lucky we were (it could have been MUCH worse!). In this presentation I'll explain what caused the problem and how we avoid it in the future, our initial response and subsequent recovery efforts, communication strategies with the library and Ex Libris, and important lessons learned along the way. Thankfully, this horror story does have a positive ending, and I hope you'll join me to hear about it!


Her X-1 exhibits a strong orbital modulation of its EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation) flux with a large decrease around time of eclipse of the neutron star, and a significant dip which appears at different orbital phases at different 35-day phases. We consider observations of Her X-1 in the EUVE by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE), which includes data from 1995 near the end of the Short High state, and date from 1997 at the start of the Short High state. The observed EUV lightcurve has bright and faint phases. The bright phase can be explained as the low energy tail of the soft x-ray pulse. The faint phase emission has been modeled to understand its origin. We find: the x-ray heated surface of HZ Her is too cool to produce enough emission; the accretion disk does not explain the orbital modulation; however, reflection of x-rays off of HZ Her can produce the observed lightcurve with orbital eclipses. The dip can be explained by shadowing of the companion by the accretion disk. We discuss the constraints on the accretion disk geometry derived from the observed shadowing.


The article is devoted to the history of Kiev Theological Academy (KTA) in 1919-1923. On the basis of
archival sources the author tries to reconstruct features of functioning of the Academy during the mentioned
period, and also approximate date and circumstances of its closing is found out. In conclusions it is underlined
that the further studying of the given problem has to be concentrated on detailed studying of biographies of
professors and students of the last years of the KTA existence.


Abstract : This project was designed to develop a stress coping program for drill instructors. The program consists of (1) 6 videotaped modules on key times concerning stress and coping, (2) 8 vignettes on recurrent problem situations and how to handle them, and (3) follow-up seminars for graduate drill instructors. Instructor manuals and student workbooks were also developed. Data gathered indicated that the stress-coping has high interest value and perceived applicability. Evaluative studies yielded positive results.


This study adopts the modeling approach described by Kusaka and co-authors. It aims at specifying fundamental approaches for product development (PD) in order to gain long-range competitive advantages and to create decision support information. Two approaches are introduced: the long-range approach introduces product functions and technologies over successive generations of products as and when they become appropriate; the short-range approach enables the latest environmental changes to be flexibly and quickly introduced into PD decision-making. Thus, the study builds a PD model that optimally selects product functions and technologies for successive generations. The system builds on previous research by introducing a time factor. It considers the latest information based on present market needs and current technological advances. A graphic information tool, which we call a generalized cost performance curve (GCPC), enables decision-makers to see through changing PD patterns for successive generations. It also clarifies product evolution patterns and their characteristics under a planned roadmap.


A community-based qualitative-quantitative poverty methodology called the Stages-of-Progress approach was used to assess household poverty dynamics and the role of livestock in 40 communities and over 3,800 households representing two different highland regions of Peru (Puno and Cajamarca). This approach has been implemented and improved after extensive field investigations with over 25,000 households in five countries (see http://www.pubpol.duke.edu/krishna ).


This paper discusses and aims to give the reader a greater understanding of how police cadets experiencing stress in relation to their employment status and a gender perspective on male and female ...


Level populations and line intensities have been calculated in a 40-level model of Fe XIV which includes the configuations 3p(exp 3) and 3s3p3d. The results have been compared against intensities of weaker, unidentified, or tentatively classified lines in published solar line lists including a recent Goddard Space Flight Center/Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope and Spectrograph (GSFC/SERTS) high-resolution list, and in presently measured archival Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)/S082A active region spectra. Seven new lines are identified as Fe XIV transitions; five other observed, unidentified lines are considered to be Fe XIV transitions on the basis of wavelength coincidence, but require further observations to obtain photometric intensities for verification; one line at 216.93 A is shown to be due to some other ion than Fe XIV. In addition, a unique forbidden infrared (approx. equal to 1.25 micrometer(s)) line originating in the high metastable level 3s3p3d(F(sub 9/2)-4) is found to have an unusual intensity dependence on electron density.


Abstract Laboratory-ice deformation experiments are described that use an apparatus designed to apply a simple-shear stress configuration. Ice samples are deformed by applying horizontal parallel forces, with no vertical forces imposed, and with no attempt made to restrain sample dimension in the vertical direction. The vertical dimensions of the samples however are measured and, for a sample initially of rectangular vertical cross section, it is found that there is an apparent strain (compression) in this direction that increases with the shear strain. For samples initially with a 30° "back-cut" shape, a vertical (extension) strain is evident during approximately the first 20% horizontal strain until the sample has deformed to near the rectangular section shape. For a sample with length-to-height ratio of 10 the maximum vertical strain was about 1%. At this maximum vertical strain, the strain rate in the vertical direction is zero and the sample is undergoing a close approximation to plane laminar (simple shear) flow. It is then followed by a vertical (compression) strain until termination of the experiment. The greater the ratio of length-to-height for the test samples, the less the vertical stain and the greater the strain period over which approximate plane laminar flow persists. This 20% horizontal strain is sufficient to ensure, for a sample of initially isotropic ice, that tertiary steady state has been attained, and the resulting crystal fabrics indicate a strong single-maximum pattern similar to those found deep in polar ice sheets. The single-maximum pattern is however lightly elongated perpendicular to the shear direction.


Through analyzing the maintenance concept development of civil airplane based on Kuhn's paradigm theory,hard-time maintenance(HTM) and reliability-centered maintenance(RCM) have been presented in the pre-science phase;the paradigm of maintenance steering group(MSG) has been demonstrated in the normal-science phase including MSG-1(HTM),MSG-2(RCM) and MSG-3.According to the developmental pattern of civil airplane maintenance concept at this stage,it plays an important role in the maintenance concept innovation of civil airplane to analyze and forecast its development trend at next stage.


In this paper, some basic concepts are generalised which characterise the best linear Chebyshev approximation in one variable to general nonlinear minimax problems. A new method for solving a nonlinear minimax problem is presented, which exploits the structure and characterisation of the solution whenever possible. The algorithm is globally convergent with a superlinear convergence rate. Numerical results indicate the efficacy of the new method.


On the basis of ultrasonic measurements, sonic log data and seismic pre-stack inversion, the sensitivity of rock physics parameters for hydrocarbon detection is quantitatively evaluated. We investigate the fluid-sensitivity of each rock physics parameter and the combined ones in both ultrasonic and sonic frequency bands. By calculating the fluid indicator, the sensitivity sequence of the rock physics parameters are presented. The influence of rock porosity and fluid saturation on fluid indicator is also tested. λρ and λ are selected as the most effective in fluid discrimination in rocks. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the optimized parameters are applied in combination with the method of pre-stack seismic inversion. Natural gas reservoirs from gas-fields of southwest China are identified.


The mobility of a two-dimensional electron gas localized on the surface of liquid helium at low temperatures is found by solving the kinetic equation for the electron distribution function. The result for the mobility contains both the electron–ripplon interaction time and the electron–electron scattering time. The theory is valid for an arbitrary relationship between the electron–ripplon and electron–electron interaction times and gives the previously known expressions in the limiting cases. The results are compared with experimental data, and new experiments are proposed which can yield information about the electron–electron interaction.


Summary Resveratrol (RSV) is one of the polyphenols - metabolites common in plants,however it does not occur in animals. It occurs mainly in grape skin (Vitisvinifera), peanuts (Arachis hypogeal) and in the roots of (Polygonumcupidatum) a traditional Chinese curative plant. RSV has a preventive property against the most serious diseases of modern world such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Due to pleiotropy, RSV is currently the main object of many research teams′ interest, which is shown by the significant number of publications devoted to this subject. Animal and human conducted studies have shown very low bioavailability of RSV (approx. 2%), which is the result of rapid biotransformation to sulphate and to a lesser extent, to the glucuronide conjugates as well. The studies on the improvement of RSV bioavailability, which have beencarried out for many years, have contributed to the synthesis of the analogues of more chemopreventive and more desirable pharmacokinetic properties. In order to enhance antiproliferative activity and RSV bioavailability, series of methyl analogues were synthesized and this will be described later in more detail. An example of such a derivative is DMU-212 (3,4,4'5-tetramethoxystilbene).


Due to the inexpensive cost and small size of the sensor node, sensor networks are densely deployed for most applications. In the application oriented wireless sensor networks, traffic is usually mixed with time-sensitive packets and reliability-demanding packets. Hence, routing regardless of the packet characteristics is not efficient. Our goal is to provide soft-QoS to different types of packets since accurate path information can be hardly obtained in wireless networks. In this paper, we utilize the multiple paths between the source and sink pairs for QoS provisioning. Unlike E2E QoS schemes, soft-QoS mapped into links on a path is determined based on local link state information. Through the estimation and approximation of path quality, traditional NP-complete QoS problem is split into many small problems. The idea is to formulate the problem as a probabilistic programming, then based on some approximation technique, we convert it into an integer programming, which is much easier to solve. The resulting solution is also one to the original probabilistic programming. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


During the last decades, a worldwide increment of the incidence of cancer has been reported. At the same time, the development and the diffusion of increasingly effective therapies have led to the increase of survival of the oncologic patients, associated with a parallel increasing in cancer‐related complications.[1] Particularly, cardiovascular diseases represent a frequent consequence of antineoplastic treatment and may lead to premature morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors.[2] Commonly, cardiac toxicity is defined on the basis of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and increased serum troponin level. Recently, the term "cardio‐oncology" has been used more frequently, indicating a rapidly growing field and a new discipline aimed at improving the quality of care in cancer patients. Chemotherapy and radiation, in fact, can expose patients to a higher risk of a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, thromboembolism, and valvular heart disease.[3] The most important scope of cardio‐oncology is the prevention and monitoring of cardiovascular complications resulting from cancer treatment.


Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is an extremely common disorder affecting both sexes, with a greater incidence in males than in females. Male AGA is characterized by progressive, patterned hair loss from the scalp, and commonly begins with bitemporal recession, followed by vertex baldness and mid-frontal hair loss, with sparing of the occipital scalp. The appearance of hair loss can be chiefly influenced by the gradual miniaturization of hair follicles and hair shedding; however, it is unclear which of these plays a major role in the development of baldness. Owing to wide variations in hair thickness and density among individuals, many subjects are required to evaluate the contributions of these factors to baldness development. However, in previous studies the numbers of subjects have been too small to draw firm conclusions. In this issue of the BJD, Ishino et al. evaluated more than 300 Japanese males with or without AGA using a videomicroscopic technique. They took ultra-close images of a target area of the vertex scalp in order not to miss fine and light hairs (vellus hairs). Furthermore, they compared vertex hair density between males with AGA and age-matched males without AGA because scalp hair becomes finer and looser with age. Amazingly, vertex hair density did not decrease with balding in this large study, whereas the thickness of vertex hair decreased significantly. Therefore, hair loss is attributable to gradual miniaturization of hair follicles that results from the transformation of terminal hairs into vellus hairs, rather than to increased hair shedding. The duration of anagen was reported to shorten dramatically from several years to just weeks or months during the development of baldness. The accelerated turnover of hair by shortened anagen promotes hair shedding, but is unlikely to substantially decrease hair density. In addition, as this study exclusively analysed Japanese men, it needs to be examined whether vertex hair density is similar between males with AGA and males without AGA in other races. There are several medications to treat male AGA, including topical minoxidil, oral finasteride and dutasteride. While complete regrowth of a bald scalp is not feasible, these medications were reported to show significant improvement in hair regrowth and to increase the hair number as well as the hair thickness. However, these medications are unlikely to increase the total hair number if the density of vertex hair remains constant during the progression of balding. The improvement of hair appearance will depend mainly on the transformation of vellus hairs into thick terminal hairs. Clinical examinations might undercount vellus hairs because the focus is on terminal hairs. Hair loss results mainly from the miniaturization of hair follicles; therefore, the change in hair diameter serves as a reliable indicator of progression and therapeutic effects in male AGA.


This article examines what happens in the experience of embodiment when a person is immersed or clad in technologies designed to redefine the edges and to extend the communicative capabilities of each individual body. The article also analyses how multisensory communications technology is currently challenging contemporary definitions of gender, community and technology.


The city of Semarang has six tourism icons that have the potential as tourist attractions that continues to grow every year, namely Lawang Sewu, Sam Poo Kong, Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong, Masjid Agung Menara Jawa Tengah, Museum Maerokoco, and Kota Lama. Based on this, it is necessary to determine typology and calculate the regional economic value from year to year to determine tourism development strategies. Total Economic Value (TEV) is obtained from the sum of Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). TCM and CVM data are obtained from the sampling survey (respondents) in 2010 and 2018. The data processing method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on calculations, Total Economic Value (TEV) in 2010 and 2018 which experienced an increase was Lawang Sewu of 81.53%, Sam Poo Kong of 42.98%, Kota Lama of 49.93%, Museum Maerokoco of 64.74 %, and Menara Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah of 76.87%. While Candi Bodhagaya Watugong experienced a decrease by -4.40%. The results of the regression output that most affect the function of the average tourist area are education variables and frequency of visits. The most appropriate step to develop tourism is to increase tourism promotion, while the other steps that can be used in a row based on priority are to improve tourism facilities and infrastructure, improve the quality of tourist attractions, improve education and prevent damage to tourism sites.


The triple screw extruder is a new equipment of polymer processing. A three-dimensional modelling of a triple screw extruder with combined screws of convey and mixing elements is adopted to investigated the flow and mixing characteristics by using Polyflow software based on finite element method. The axial velocity and pressure distributions in the special central region of the triple screw extruder are specially analyzed. Some mixing evaluated parameters, such as area stretching rate, the probability of mixing index, segregation scale and residence time distribution in different boundary conditions are calculated based on particle tracing method. Moreover, the effects of screw clearance and inlet flow rate of combined screws on the mixing characteristics of polymer melt are discussed. The results show that the increase of the screw clearance can increase the residence time and improve the mixing efficiency of extruder. With the decrease of inlet flow, the distributive mixing efficiency in the triple screw extruder increase gradually.


The paper is concerned with the relationship between various modes of convergence for stochastically monotone sequences of random variables. A necessary and sufficient condition, as well as a sufficient condition, for convergence in probability of a vaguely convergent sequence are given. If, in addition, the sequence is assumed Markovian the same conditions are shown to pertain to almost sure convergence. A counterexample in the case when stochastic monotonicity fails is presented and some applications to branching processes are discussed.


The executes-before relation between tasks is fundamental in the analysis of Event Driven Programs with several downstream applications like race detection and identifying redundant synchronizations. We present a sound, efficient, and effective static analysis technique to compute executes-before pairs of tasks for a general class of event driven programs. The analysis is based on a small but comprehensive set of rules evaluated on a novel structure called the task post graph of a program. We show how to use the executes-before information to identify disjoint-blocks in event driven programs and further use them to improve the precision of data race detection for these programs. We have implemented our analysis in the Flowdroid framework in a tool called AndRacer and evaluated it on several Android apps, bringing out the scalability, recall, and improved precision of the analyses


It is especially important to preserve some characters of the original system in numerical simulating three-dimensional time domain Maxwell's Equations. The Maxwell's equations were written as normal Hamilton equations using functional variation method. Maxwell's equations in the time direction were discretized using sympletic propagation technique and then the equations in the spatial direction with fourth-order finite difference approximations were evaluated to construct symplectic finite difference time domain (S-FDTD) scheme. The stability and numerical dispersion analysis were included. Numerical results show the high efficiency and accuracy of the S-FDTD scheme.


SIAC is capable of carrying out atmospheric correction both for Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 satellite data. Furthermore, SIAC is a Bayesian (statistical) algorithm so it can take advantage of prior information and it produces uncertainty estimates for the surface reflectances produced. The algorithm is tested and validated with ground-based AERONET and RadCalNet data. There are no significant steps taken in new method development in this work, but SIAC combines well existing methods. The results shown in the manuscript show that SIAC is capable of carrying out good quality atmospheric correction.


Although global history has been a part of the discipline of social studies in New York State for a number of years, the inclusion of global education and skills has been less prevalent in the discipline. This lack of global perspectives in education has proven to be detrimental to the global awareness of American students. (Roper for National Geographic Foundation, 2006; Harvard University, 2004; Holm and Farber, 2002; Clarke, 2004). Global history teachers play a key role in the dissemination of global content that may contribute to increasing global awareness of students. Yet teachers, themselves, may have limited global awareness and intercultural experiences that impact the ways in which they teach global history. Therefore, this dissertation examined how global history teachers in upstate New York construct their global awareness and the content they teach, and how their understandings of global education impact their teaching. Eight global history teachers in five school districts took part in this study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and observations, and was informed by theoretical work around colonialism and post-colonialism/post-nationalism. Results of this study revealed that these teachers saw their worldviews as evolving constructs, shaped by upbringing, crosscultural interactions, travel experiences, media influences, and professional responsibilities. Certain global education elements infused their teaching, such as local/global connections, perspectives consciousness, and cultural sensitivity, but the inclusion of such elements was uneven. Furthermore, their language in many cases revealed an incomplete understanding of global education and cultural awareness. Elements of colonialism, essentialism, and American exceptionalism were both challenged and reinforced in the ways in which these teachers spoke about their global understandings, and the history content and students they taught. HOW "GLOBAL" ARE GLOBAL HISTORY TEACHERS? SECONDARY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS' UNDERSTANDINGS OF GLOBAL AWARENESS AND GLOBAL EDUCATION