The article provides an example of the implementation of fatigue life calculation, which uses a multi-level acoustic emission model to obtain the parameters included in the equation of the kinetic concept of strength. Using the data obtained during acoustic emission tests for crack resistance of titanium alloy samples PT-3V at three temperature levels: 293, 77 and 4 K, concentration-kinetic indices of XAE strength and YAE were calculated, which carry information about the unique nature of damage accumulation for this object in the form of a structural γ coefficient included in the Zhurkovthermoeluktuation equation. These parameters were selected from the deformation sites of the samples, which, according to the results of microstructural analysis, showed the presence of many microcracks with different directions of propagation, which were associated with the accumulation of destructive damage in the elastoplastic region. The obtained kinetic parameters: the energy of activation of U0 destruction and the γ parameter were used to estimate the fatigue life of the samples using a formula that takes into account the sinusoidal change in stresses during cyclic loading and is also based on the kinetic concept of strength. Taking into account the changes in temperature in the cycle due to the thermoelastic effect, it was possible to obtain fatigue curves similar to those obtained for the titanium alloy at the same temperatures. Fatigue curves of similar properties of titanium alloy destroyed by cyclic loading at the same temperatures were used for comparison. It has been proved that the slope of fatigue curves, as an individual characteristic of the material, is determined by the concentration-kinetic values of XAE and YAE obtained during static tests.


To study the mechanism of efficacy of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) adsorption for arte riosclerosis obliterans (ASO), eight ASO patients without indication for bypass surgery underwent LDL apheresis twice a week for 5 weeks and the change in prostaglandin I2 (PGI 2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) due to LDL apheresis was measured. The concentra tion of 6-keto-PGFI,, a metabolite of PGI2, in systemic venous blood significantly increased from 10.4 ± 1.8 to 42.0 ± 10.6 pg/mL (P < 0.05) after one session of LDL apheresis, while no significant change of TXB2, a metabolite of TXA2, was encountered. The ratio of 6-keto-PGF,,,/TXB2 also rose dramatically from 0.213 ±0.044 to 0.522 ±0.128 (P < 0.05) . In five patients, the ischemic clinical symptoms improved and both the concentration of 6-keto-PGF1α and the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2 increased significantly, whereas in three patients there was no effect on clinical symptoms and neither parameter changed. These results suggest that elevated production of PGI 2 from vascular cells due to LDL apheresis might contribute to improvement of ischemic symptoms.


This paper presents a feasibility assessment and field survey for high-occupancy toll (HOT) lane implementation as an alternative improvement to the existing high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) facility on the Kyungbu Freeway in South Korea. Various factors such as traffic congestion, vehicle speed, traffic volume, safety issues, equity concerns, HOV–HOT enforcement issues, and toll pricing were evaluated, including carrying out motorist surveys. Eighty percent of motorist survey respondents confirmed the need for a HOT lane as a means to reduce travel time delays and traffic congestion on the Kyungbu Freeway. A dynamic toll concept based on the allowable traffic volume in the HOT lane and the vehicle speed difference between the HOT and general purpose (GP) lanes was then applied as the basis of dynamic control of traffic flow in the HOT lane. This means that toll fees vary dynamically in real time as a function of the traffic conditions in the HOT and GP lanes (i.e., changes in vehicle speed), subject to the traffic volume threshold for the HOT lane (i.e., ≤1,350 vehicles per hour per lane for Class C–level of service). For this study, the dynamic toll rate ranged from about $1.00 to $6.00, depending on the traffic conditions. Overall, the results of this analytical and field survey study have indicated that it is both feasible and practical to operate a HOT lane facility on the Kyungbu Freeway using a simple dynamic toll system.


SUMMARY This report summarizes the research activities performed under grantNAG-1-429. The objective of the research has been to studylthe use of re-cursive lattice filters for identification and adaptive control of largespace structures/ Lattice filters are used widely in the areas of speechand signal processing. Herein, they-are used to identify the structuraldynamics model of the flexible structures. This identified model is thenused for adaptive control. Before the identified model and control laws areintegrated, the identified model is passed through a series of validationprocedures and only when the model passes these validation procedures con-trol is engaged. This type of validation scheme prevents instability whenthe overall loop is closed.One of the main aims of the research has been to compare the resultsobtained from simulation to those obtained from experiments. In this re-gard, the flexible beam and grid apparatus at the Aerospace Control ResearchLab (ACRL) of NASA Langley Research Center were used as the principal candi-dates for carrying out the above tasks.[ Another important area of research^namely that of robust controller synthesis was investigated using frequencydomain multivariable controller synthesis methods. The method uses theLinear Quadratic Gaussian/Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) approach to en-sure stability against unmodeled higher frequency modes and achieves the*Eminent Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, OldDominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508.


THE interesting paper which Professor H. D. Austin contributed to the April number of SPECULUM' made me recall a debt I have to the scholars of Latin Mediaevalism: to supply some fresh material that I have been able to collect from Arabic sources concerning the mysterious personality of the alchemist Artefius and particularly about one of his main works, the Clavis sapientiae or Clavis maioris sapientiae. The reading of the passage of the Composizione del mondo of Ristoro d'Arezzo concerning Artefius had already suggested to me, as it did to Mr Austin, the identification with Orpheus.2 Evidently the confusion is not to be imputed to Ristoro, who must have found in his sources the attribution to one called Artefius of the magic power upon birds and beasts which the classical tradition attributes to Orpheus. Of what kind could these sources be? From the word paraula, which Ristoro uses when introducing his quotation of Artefius' definition of the man as a Microcosm,3 Austin infers that Ristoro may reproduce, through a Latin intermediary, an early Greek work in which the word 7rapac3oX' would have been used in its original meaning of 'comparison' or 'illustration.' I think this very improbable. If we remember that the sources of Ristoro are all, with a single exception, Arabic works in Latin translation,4 it is much more likely to assume that his paraula is but the literal rendering of the Arabic word maqala, which originally meant 'word,' 'discourse,' and later acquired the significance of 'section' or 'chapter' in a book.5 The use of an Arabic source in the Artefius passage of the Composizione del mondo, of course in a Latin translation, gives a very easy explanation of the change of 'Orpheus' into 'Artefius,' since these two names look very similar in the Arabic script, and the first may easily have been changedinto the second by the ignorance of a scribe. A trivial clerical error (either it already existed in the Arabic original or it may have arisen from a misreading by the Latin translator) has introduced into the literature of occult science the personage of Artefius, who never had an historical personality.'


Despite the possible heterogeneity among some of the studies included in Tsapakis et al 's study,[1][1] the results, if accepted by the psychiatric fraternity, could lead to further reduction in the use of antidepressants in the child and adolescent population. The use of antidepressants in this


When transaction watermarking is used to secure sales in online shops by embedding transaction specific watermarks, the major challenge is embedding efficiency: Maximum speed by minimal workload. This is true for all types of media. Video transaction watermarking presents a double challenge. Video files not only are larger than for example music files of the same playback time. In addition, video watermarking algorithms have a higher complexity than algorithms for other types of media. Therefore online shops that want to protect their videos by transaction watermarking are faced with the problem that their servers need to work harder and longer for every sold medium in comparison to audio sales. In the past, many algorithms responded to this challenge by reducing their complexity. But this usually results in a loss of either robustness or transparency. This paper presents a different approach. The container technology separates watermark embedding into two stages: A preparation stage and the finalization stage. In the preparation stage, the video is divided into embedding segments. For each segment one copy marked with "0" and anther one marked with "1" is created. This stage is computationally expensive but only needs to be done once. In the finalization stage, the watermarked video is assembled from the embedding segments according to the watermark message. This stage is very fast and involves no complex computations. It thus allows efficient creation of individually watermarked video files.


E-learning should be pedagogically-driven rather than technologically-driven. The objectives of this study are to develop an interactive learning system in brightfield microscopy technique in order to support students' achievement of their intended learning outcomes. An interactive learning system on bright-field microscopy technique was developed in CD-ROM format which included various elements: text, images, animations, video, and audio. Thirty first-year biomedicine students in Universiti Sains Malaysia attended a 3-hour fixed laboratory session for conventional teaching and learning for bright-field microscopy technique. All subjects then answered a set of questionnaires. Subjects were provided with multimedia teaching and learning materials. After the task, all the subjects were given the second set of questionnaires to measure their level of acceptance and satisfaction with the interactive learning system. It is anticipated that the interactive learning system in bright-field microscopy technique would be suitable as a supporting learning aid for the laboratory or practical session.


The Wigner-Racah algebra of an arbitrary (finite or compact continuous) group is presented in an original way that constitutes a straightforward extension of the corresponding algebra of the rotation group. Illustrative examples are given around the rotation group and the octahedral group. The adaptation of the Wigner-Racah algebra of the double rotation group to one of its subgroups G is discussed in detail. Special emphasis is put on the Ca'se where G corresponds to the octahedral group.


With the Bibexcel which is developed for the co-occurrence analysis of literature information,this paper build the co-occurrence matrix of economy and policy research on energy and climate change via articles from Web of Knowledge Database during the past two decades,and identifies research focus through cluster analysis,which are economics or statistics model and theory applied in energy and climate change research,emission permission and trading,economic analysis of policy,energy efficiency and emission of different industries,and carbon trade mechanism and carbon tax,sorted by the size of cluster from small to large.


To provide a good control of the process while the temperature of the feedstock fluid while the fluid processing apparatus of the feedstock treated (1) and a processing method. Processing means (1) includes: processing means (2) for introducing starting material and processed within the fluid; and a processing tank (3), which houses the processing means (2) and the accumulating processing to generate processed product. Processing means (2) is provided having minute flow paths inside the raw material supply and fluid flows and a heat medium flow passage of the heat medium flow, the heat medium having a feedstock fluid flowing in a minute flow path different temperatures. Minute flow path and the heat medium flow path from each other, so as to enable heat exchange between the heat medium and the feed stream flowing in them.


This work aims to systematically and accurately investigate switching arc characteristics in passive resonance high voltage direct current (HVDC) circuit breakers. The replacement of classical band energy with fluctuating wind and solar power from peripheral locations in Europe will significantly challenge the European transmission grid in the future. Energy must be transmitted via cables for distances > 50 km and via overhead lines for distances > 1000 km with low losses. VoltageSourced-Converter (VSC) HVDC is considered to be superior to the classical alternating current (AC) transmission for long distance energy transfer, because it has significantly smaller losses and requires no reactive power compensation. Mechanical circuit breakers are standard fault protection devices in AC networks but do not yet exist for HVDC with sufficient interruption performance. The current zero crossing, essential for arc extinction in mechanical breakers, is not inherently available in DC systems. This makes DC interruption more challenging than AC interruption. Passive resonance breakers excite an unstable current oscillation and create artificial current zero crossings by interaction of the switching arc with an LC-commutation circuit. This principle has been successfully applied for Metal-Return-Transfer-Breakers (MRTB) in operation. It is, however, limited in maximum interruptible current, takes too long for current zero creation and uses a large capacitor, which significantly contributes to the breaker costs. Significant improvement of the interruption performance is expected if the arc chamber and nozzle design is optimized for passive resonant creation of current zero crossings in DC circuits. For this, the improvement of the switching arc characteristic is shown to be


This talk presents the design of a digital library system that integrates conventional digital library services with contemporary WWW advantages, such as comprehensive coverage and agents for information search and selection. We use a user-centered approach and apply data mining techniques in the design of agents for information search and selection. There are various agents in this digital library system to perform different functions. Among them, SiteHelper is a unique agent in our system compared to existing digital library systems. It acts as a housekeeper for the system and as a helper for the users to find relevant information. In order to assist the users in finding relevant information at the centralized location (with Web links to the global Web), SiteHelper interactively and incrementally learns about each user's areas of interest and aids them accordingly, by deploying data mining techniques with incremental learning facilities as its learning and inference engines. Biography Xindong Wu is a Professor and the Chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Vermont. He holds a PhD in Artificial Intelligence from the University of Edinburgh, Britain. His research interests include data mining, knowledge-based systems, and Web information exploration. He has published extensively in these areas in various journals and conferences, including IEEE TKDE, TPAMI, ACM TOIS, IJCAI, AAAI, ICML, KDD, ICDM, and WWW, as well as 12 books and conference proceedings. Dr. Wu is the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (by the IEEE Computer Society), the founder and current Steering Committee Chair of the IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), an Honorary Editor-in-Chief of Knowledge and Information Systems (by Springer), and a Series Editor of the Springer Book Series on Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing (AI&KP). He was Program Committee Chair for ICDM '03 (the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining) and is Program Committee Co-Chair for KDD-07 (the 13th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining). He is the 2004 ACM SIGKDD Service Award winner, and a 2005 Chaired Professor in the Cheung Kong (or Yangtze River) Scholars Programme at the Hefei University of Technology sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China and the Li Ka Shing Foundation. He has been an invited/keynote speaker at numerous international conferences including ICNC'06/FSKD'06, IEEE ICTAI'04, IEEE/WIC/ACM WI'04/IAT'04, SEKE 2002, and PADD-97.


This paper is mainly implemented through neural network algorithms, using Python language, for identifying, processing the speech of children with autism, and then comparing with the speech database established in advance to obtain the final speech results, on this premise, to achieve human-computer interaction, to achieve the purpose of practicing dialogue with children with autism or guiding them to speak, in order to restore the language function of children with autism.


Providing flame retardancy, insulation reliability and folding are excellent in photosensitive thermosetting resin composition, a dry film, and, the flexible printed wiring board having a cured product of the photosensitive thermosetting resin composition . (A) polyimide resin having an imide ring and a carboxyl group, (B) a photobase generator, (C) a thermosetting component, and (D) a photosensitive thermosetting resin composition which comprises a flame retardant is there. (Meth) is preferably free of acrylate monomers substantially.


the more comprehensive Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965. This act established a substantial public works program which, in time, dwarfed the business loan as the mainstay of federal aid to depressed areas. Public works programs, of course, are wellpublicized political tools for combating unemployment. Their contribution to long-term economic development is debatable, however. The authors argue that the 1965 legislation was like other economic development programs "a halfhearted effort—a cross between welfare and economic stimulation—to help lagging areas" (P. 3).


This collaborative study aimed to identify a common and shared procedure in the Italian System for Environmental Protection (SNPA) laboratories to determine the main chemical forms of mercury in sediments. To this end, the results provided by each Agency were organized by aggregating them into different groups containing the same or similar fractions or mercury species extracted. The sequential extraction method used by each lab made it possible to identify common and comparable aspects among the procedures used.


This paper deals with optimal sun tracking of a photovoltaic (PV) system considering the electric drive losses. The Sun tracking PV system assures that the highest possible share of the available solar radiation reaches the surface of the PV modules. The electric drive, which enables tracking, is considered as the loss of the energy produced in the PV system. The maximum of the energy produced in the PV system is achieved by the continuous tracking of the PV system. Since the electric drives are determined by constant speed and time, and angle quantization the maximum of the energy produced can only approximate.


Estimation of the life cycle cost (LCC) for a hydrogen internal combustion engine (H2ICE) that uses hydrogen as an alternative fuel by forecasting a financial investment plan for a period of five years (n = 5). This is influenced by the interest rate of 10% (i = 10). The effect of Annual Operating Cost and salvage value in the LCC for H2ICE would give impact on the cost of investment and economic growth in the long term. The result shows the brake specific fuel consumption to achieve 14% savings for grams per kilowatt hour for the engine (G + H2) compared to the engine (G). The operation of H2ICE in the first year would be increased by 22%, the reason is due to the cost of equipment, maintenance and purchase of new components. However, the percentage of operation cost for the following five to ten year of Present worth (PW) is reduced to 0.36% in the fourth year (n = 4) within the interest rate of 10%. The return of initial investment in the capital-first cost (FC) is to occur at the beginning of the fifth year (n = 5) of H2ICE operations. The cost of savings for the next five years would become more profitable reaching 37% reduction in cost compared to conventional fuel consumption


This paper addresses spectral collocation techniques to treat with the fractional initial value problem of distributed-order. We introduce three algorithms based on shifted fractional order Jacobi orthogonal functions outputted by Jacobi polynomials. The shifted fractional order Jacobi–Gauss–Radau collocation method is developed for approximating the fractional initial value problem of distributed-order. The principal target in our techniques is to transform the fractional initial value problem of distributed-order to a system of algebraic equations. Some numerical examples are given to test the accuracy and applicability of our technique. It is known that the accuracy of numerical approaches for nonsmooth solution is deteriorated. Employing fractional order Jacobi functions instead of the classical Jacobi stopped this deterioration.


This paper studies the full‐state formation control problem of multiple nonholonomic unicycle vehicles. Firstly, the formation error model is transformed into standard nonholonomic chained form, including orientation and position error subsystems. For orientation subsystem, an angular velocity control law is designed to be a cooperative term plus an exponential decay function of time, ensuring orientations reach an agreement on a common value. For position error subsystem, a time‐varying output‐like variable is carefully constructed to ensure a stable zero dynamics, that is, the consensus of these output variables guarantees position formation, overcoming the intrinsic underactuated control difficulty. Then, a linear velocity control law is derived to realize consensus of outputs. It is proved that the proposed distributed time‐varying controller is capable of steering the vehicles to globally exponentially make into desired geometric position shape with the same orientations and vanishing velocities, provided that the communication topology is directed and having a spanning tree. The calculated convergence rates are shown dependent on controller coefficients; thus, the controller is modified to additionally reach a prescribed rate of convergence by redesigning conditions of controller parameters. Finally, two numerical simulations are implemented for five unicycle vehicles, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.


Due to increase of user requirement for various traffics and the advance of network technology, each distinct network has converge into FMC(Fixed Mobile Convergence) networks. However, we need to research the performance analysis of VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol) in the FMC network to provide QoE for the voice user of FMC network. Therefore, this paper introduces the scenario which is the situation of voice quality degradation when a user uses VoIP to communicate with other users in the FMC network. Especially, this paper presents scenario in terms of the component of the network and finds the improvement point of voice quality. In the simulation results, three improvement points of voice quality are found as following: voice quality degradation by packet loss in the physical layer of the HSDPA network, by utilizing GGSN without QoS parameter mapping mechanism which is gateway between 3GPP and IP backbone, and by using non-QoS AP in the WLAN network.


The 1 300 portions serum of pig which are collected in 11 region of Hebei Province were examined using IHA. The results indicated there are 464 portions positive serum among the 1 300 portions, the positive rate of pig's Toxoplasmsis was 35.69%.


Whilst the copying, falsification and plagiarism of essays and assignments has long been a prevalent form of academic misconduct amongst undergraduate students, the increasing use of the internet in higher education has raised concern over enhanced levels of online plagiarism and new types of 'cyber‐cheating'. Based on a self‐report study of 1222 undergraduate students, this paper explores the nature and patterning of online plagiarism amongst students in UK higher educational institutions. The data find around three‐fifths of students self‐reporting at least a moderate level of internet‐based plagiarism during the past 12 months, with significant differences in terms of gender, educational background and—most notably—subject discipline. Students' online plagiarism was also found to correlate strongly with their self‐reported levels of offline plagiarism. The data therefore highlight the need to contextualize online plagiarism in relation to the wider 'life‐world' of the contemporary university student and, in particular, the role of the internet in their everyday non‐academic lives. The paper concludes by discussing how university authorities may go about addressing internet‐based plagiarism in the contemporary university setting.


At the grapevine growing region of Jundiai (State of Sao Paulo - Brazil) the trellis system with single unilateral cordon and vertical upward branches is the most used by the growers. Nowadays it is been gradually replaced by the Y shaped trellis system. Still, some producers have been using plastic overhead cover for protection of the grape clusters. The different trellis systems cause modifications in the microclimate of the vineyard, so measurements of daily values of solar radiation, relative humidity, maximum and minimum air temperatures were taken in the external environment and at cluster height in 'Niagara Rosada' vineyards conducted in vertical with upward branches trellis system under open sky conditions and Y shaped trellis system, with and without plastic overhead cover, during the winter and the summer crops. During the summer growing season the differences in daily values of solar radiation, maximum air temperature and relative humidity obtained at cluster height and at external conditions were higher when compared to the winter crop for the different trellising systems evaluated. The vines in the vertical trellis system showed lower values of solar radiation and relative humidity at cluster height when compared to the Y shaped system. The values of maximum and minimum temperatures were similar in the vertical trellis and Y shaped system, during the winter and the summer crop. The plastic overhead cover on the Y shaped trellis did not influence the values of relative humidity and minimum temperature, however, resulted higher values of maximum air temperature.


OBJECTIVE
To introduce anterior transfer of the gracilis in the treatment of recurrent subluxation and dislocation of the patella, and evaluate its effects.

METHODS
Six patients with recurrent subluxation of the patella and 2 patients with postoperative recurrence of dislocation of the patella were treated with anterior transfer of the gracilis based on the lateral retinacular release and medial tightening. The efficacy was reviewed.

RESULTS
The mean follow-up time was 22.4 months. No recurrence of subluxation of the kneecap occurred, and 7 cases had excellent results.

CONCLUSION
Anterior transfer of the graciclis in repairing recurrent subluxation of the patella is easy to perform, and can effectively avoid the recurrence of subluxation of the patella.


In their thought-provoking article, Nafiu et al. have reported extensive and important data in children (not infants) on the incidence of and factors associated with low blood pressure observed shortly after the induction of anesthesia before surgery has started (1). Hypotension was defined as low median systolic blood pressure of at least three recordings taken during a 10-min epoch. The definition of low was less than the 5th centile in normal awake children. In a cohort of over 22 000 anesthetics, the researchers found that hypotension occurred during at least one epoch in 35.8% and in more than two epochs in 7.3%. These data show that hypotension is common. But what does this mean? First, what is the lower limit of normal blood pressure in children? Bearing in mind that there is variation in healthy ambulatory children (2), which can be due to many factors including anxiety and time of day (3–5), there are two large sets of reference data in awake children. From the US data support, a definition of low systolic pressure is that below the 5th percentile for age [which is approximately (2 · age in years) + 70 mmHg] (6). In a recent UK study of almost 23 000 normal individuals aged 4–23 years, nomograms show that the 5th centile systolic pressure for a 4-year-old child was between 85 and 90 mmHg (4). There are no comparable large datasets for blood pressure in children aged <4 years, but the median systolic blood pressure for a 1-year-old has been stated as 80 mmHg (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/ hypertension/child_tbl.htm). If we assume that anesthesia usually reduces cardiac output and vascular resistance, the consequent decrease in blood pressure could be regarded as normal. We do not have a range of normal blood pressure for anesthetised children because this would involve many measurements under specific conditions, and there are too many possible variations to make this a practical or worthwhile task. Yet, it is reasonable to ask, What is abnormal or appreciable hypotension? and What are the lower limits of safe blood pressure during anesthesia? or What level of hypotension is appreciable enough to justify concern? . We struggle to answer these questions. Editor's note: In this issue of the journal (pages 1048– 1053), Nafiu et al. present the results of a survey of pediatric anesthesiologists and found that the majority of respondents considered a 20–30% reduction from baseline in SBP as indicative of significant hypotension. The problem with hypotension is that it reduces blood flow, which could reduce oxygen supply to key organs. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is autoregulated over a range of cerebral perfusion pressures, and the lower limit of autoregulation (or the perfusion pressure below which blood flow decreases) is 50 mmHg (7). Data from animal experiments suggest that the lower limit of the autoregulation range in infants may be 40 mmHg (8). If, for the sake of discussion, this simple relationship is accepted – that is, if 50 mmHg could be taken as the lowest mean arterial pressure compatible with normal CBF – the related systolic pressure could be estimated using the familiar equation MAP 1⁄4 diastolic blood pressureþ ð1=3pulse pressureÞ. From the nomograms of Jackson et al. (4), the normal pulse pressure in a 4-year-old child is approximately 45 mmHg, and therefore if the mean pressure is 50 mmHg, the systolic pressure is 80 mmHg, which, on inspecting the nomograms, is on the 0.04% centile line of the normal range. We should not be confident that this is a safe limit because other factors such as hemoglobin concentration and intracranial pressure have been Correspondence to: Dr M. Sury, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1X 3JH, UK (email: email@example.com). Pediatric Anesthesia 2009 19: 1037–1040 doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03091.x


Objective The paper reported some kinds of traditional Chinese medicine's inhibition to Enteropathogenic E.coli,O86:H2,like Coptis chinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,etc,including water extractions and alcohol extractions.Methods Choose Coptis chinensis 、Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 、Fructus Forsythiae 、Allium sativum L、Rheum palmatum L.、Berberis vernae Schneid、Floslonicerae、Radix Pulsatillae、Sophora flavesens、Portulace oleracea L.,put these medicines into boiling water and ethanol,which have been obtained by successive extractions with ethanol,and tested these liquids' MICs and MBC.by broth dilution technique.Results Rheum palmatum L.、Floslonicerae and Fructus Forsythiae are almost no activities against Enteropathogenic E.coli,and the remaining seven kinds of Chinese medicine show a different antibacterial strength,Ccoptis chinensis、Scutellaria baicalensis Georg、Allium sativum L.are good at antibacterial activity.The MICs of Allium sativum and Coptis chinensis with extractions with ethanol are1.96 mg/ml against 2 strains of Enteropathogenic E.coli O86:H2,the antibacterial activities of Radix Pulsatillae、Berberis vernae Schneid and Sophora flavesens are second.Conclusion Coptis chinensis、Scutellaria baicalensis Georg、Allium sativum L.are bactericidal against Enteropathogenic E.coli,suggesting that Chinese herbal medicines may represent a new source of agents designed for inhibition Enteropathogenic E.coli in eradicated therapy.


The synthetic windpipe used by the Swedish team who carried out last month's pioneering implant surgery on a patient with advanced tracheal cancer was made of a novel polymer designed and tested at University College London. The work has shown that an artificial trachea can simulate the properties of a natural one and paves the way for further uses of the polymer.

The man who created the implant, Alex Seifalian, professor of nanotechnology and regenerative medicine at University College London, describes the material of which it is made as a "nanocomposite." It comprises a polymer containing tiny, nanometre size crystalline particles.

In the finished …


The determination of early prayer times is an essential aspect as it is one of the five pillars in Islam and prerequisites for prayers to be accepted. The government has set a standard for carrying out the fajr prayer by determining the degree of appearance of the fajr as-Sadiq at -2 0̊ . This study aims to compare the initial determination of the government's fajr time using different sensors. In this case, the drones as the image sensor. The drone was chosen because it has several advantages. The result of data is in the form of images. Then the images were processed using digital image processing software, called Imagej. The data from Imagej processing were in the form of mean and standard deviation. All data were then recapitulated using Microsoft excel and plotted to form data which was then carried out by a polynomial approach to determine the cut-off point as an early indicator of the beginning of fajr. The method used in this study is using a qualitative analysis method with a polynomial 5 approach. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the government's fajr time is 21 minutes faster. The standard used in this study is a DIP of -13.9 5̊ . Unlike the SQM with 2D drone data, the 3D version generates more accurate data analysis and is not easy to manipulate because it can be verified with image data.


Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 is the causative agent of Bacterial Wilt in bananas, a disease also known as Moko disease. Once this bacterium becomes established within a plant, it causes the death of its host. Currently, no treatment is available for Bacterial Wilt, and the disease is able to destroy 100% of the crops in afflicted areas This study investigates a non-biocidal control method for R. solanacearum that attempts to nullify the pathogenic effects of R. solanacearum by interfering with the bacteria's Quorum Sensing (QS) communication system. The effects of several molecules on R. solanacearum growth, biofilm formation and production of acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) autoinducers were analyzed. The results suggested that, of the molecules tested, 5,6 dihydro-2(H)- pyran-2-one most effectively inhibited growth, biofilm formation and AHL production. Furfural, 3-methyl-2(5H)- furanone and methyl 2-furoate also effectively inhibited growth. These molecules affected biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 3-methyl-2(5H)-furanone and methyl 2-furoate likewise inhibited AHL production. Therefore, all of these molecules could be useful for controlling R. solanacearum.


We study the non-singlet sectors of Matrix Quantum Mechanics in application to two-dimensional string theory. We use the chiral formalism, which operates directly with incoming and outgoing asymptotic states, related by a scattering operator. We argue that a general non-singlet scattering amplitude decomposes into scattering amplitudes in the adjoint. In the adjoint representation, we express the phase of the tree-level scattering amplitude as an integral over the Fermi sea. We claim that this expression holds for any, in general time-dependent, profile of the Fermi sea. In the case of stationary Fermi sea our formula reproduces Maldacena's scattering amplitude for a long string to go in and come back to infinity.


Purpose: As the population of breast cancer survivors increasing, concerns for second primary cancer has been grown. The most frequent second primary tumor after breast cancer diagnosis is contralateral breast cancer (CBC). CBC developed less than five years showed poor prognosis. However, in Korea, little is known about the clinical characteristics of CBC regarding diagnosis interval. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of the patients who diagnosed stage I-III breast cancer from three tertiary medical centers and identified CBC patients. We divided those patients into early-onset CBC (ECBC), which diagnosed within five years, and late-onset CBC (LCBC) which developed after five years since primary cancer. We also searched available published original articles regarding bilateral breast cancer in Korean population for comparison. Results: Between January 2003 and December 2013, a total of 3,695 patients were included. During follow up, 22 patients diagnosed as CBC. Mean age of ECBC (n=10) was 50.9±15.4 and that of LCBC (n=12) was 45.5±14.3. There were no significant difference between ECBC and LCBC in menopausal status, menarcheal age, family history of breast cancer, clinical stage, and pathologic characteristics. ECBC was related worse disease-free survival than LCBC (P=0.017). With meta-analysis of published reports in Korean population, the incident rate calculated from person-month was 0.06. Conclusion: ECBC showed poor prognosis than LCBC with cut-off at five years since diagnosis of primary breast cancer, and it was consistent with Western reports. Intensive treatment might be needed in those patients with ECBC.


This article presents two architectures for a fuel cell electric scooter. One architecture where the scooter is supplied by a hydrogen supplied fuel cell and one architecture where the energy supply is obtained by a combination of a fuel cell including a methanol reformer and a battery. Both architectures are realized using industrially available systems. The experimental results and the modeling show advantages for both architecturesthat the methanol supplied fuel cell battery hybrid scooter consumes less fuel. However, the methanol reformer needs considerable time to heat up and the system architecture is more complex.


Epidemiological diseases are a major concern in our society. Thus, better understanding how the spread occurs, the places with the highest incidence, the disease's lifetime, healing processes, and other related factors, are essential to control its spread. Therefore, this article will propose a simple (discrete) mathematical model, known by epidemiologists as the SIS (Susceptible-InfectedSusceptible) model, which can easily be worked on in high school in order to stimulate students' curiosity. Hence, using the flu virus as a common disease, this article will show how the outbreak of this disease behaves in a population of children through this model.


Pfeiffer Syndrome is as rare as Apert syndrome in the Western population. This condition is very rare in the Asian population. At the best of our knowledge this is the first genetically proven case report from Iran. The authors report with a review of literature, the case of a infant with Pfeiffer syndrome, manifested by Lacunar skull, ventriculomegaly, bicoronal craniosynostosis,frontal bossing, shallow orbits, parrot-like nose, umbilical hernia, broad and medially deviated great toes.


Peter Brook was in Stratford-upen-Avon in August, 1978, to direct Antony and Cleopatra for the Royal Shakespeare Company. As I was in England doing research on both Brook's and Strehler's productions of King Lear, I took advantage of this coincidence to interview Brook about the Lear rehearsal process. This interview became an extensive digression into some of Brook's present ideas on directing.


Intraoperative motor evoked potentials are being increasingly used in surgeries for the removal of spinal tumours. However, this useful monitoring is accompanied by risks such as bite injury to the tongue and oral mucosal soft tissues due to clenching of the teeth and jaws as the patient may not be completely under the effect of neuromuscular blocking agents, resulting in bleeding in the oropharynx. To prevent these complications, we conceptualised and utilised a boxer's mouthguard as a preventive protection during cervical intramedullary tumour excision surgery. Such mouthguards are routinely used in contact sports such as boxing but their clinical application in neuroanaesthesia has not been described. This use is a novel, economical, convenient, standardised and easy way of bite protection and preventing intraoperative tongue, soft-tissue injuries and airway complications.


GPS data from the International GNSS Service (IGS) network were used to study the development of the severe geomagnetic storm of November 7–12, 2004, in the total electron content (TEC) on a global scale. The TEC maps were produced for analyzing the storm. For producing the maps over European and North American sectors, GPS measurements from more than 100 stations were used. The dense network of GPS stations provided TEC measurements with a high temporal and spatial resolution. To present the temporal and spatial variation of TEC during the storm, differential TEC maps relative to a quiet day (November 6, 2004) were created.The features of geomagnetic storm attributed to the complex development of ionospheric storm depend on latitude, longitude and local time. The positive, as well as negative effects were detected in TEC variations as a consequence of the evolution of the geomagnetic storm. The maximal effect was registered in the subauroral/auroral ionosphere during substorm activity in the evening and night period. The latitudinal profiles obtained from TEC maps for Europe gave rise to the storm-time dynamic of the ionospheric trough, which was detected on November 7 and 9 at latitudes below 50°N. In the report, features of the response of TEC to the storm for European and North American sectors are analyzed.


This paper deals with the synchronization of spread spectrum signals in a CDMA communication system, while carrier lock is assumed to have been achieved. For satisfactory performance, the error in code timing must be less than a chip-length because of the sharp autocorrelation function that most codes possess. This task is further complicated because of the typical multipath channels that users in wireless communication systems transmit over. We detail an algorithm that exploits spatial diversity at the receiver using antenna arrays to estimate the code timing as well as direction of arrival (DOA) of a particular user even in the presence of strong multipath. Using antenna arrays, we extend a subspace based technique proposed by Bensley and Aazhang (see GLOBCOM, December 1994) to synchronize to (and therefore detect the packets of) more users than is currently feasible. The timing and DOA estimates are then used in the detection of the bits transmitted by a given user. Maximum likelihood single-user antenna array based techniques for synchronization of spread spectrum signals have been addressed before by Dulgos and Scholtz (1989), but these techniques aren't suitable for conditions of high traffic (because the users' timings are acquired sequentially and a training sequence is required). We propose the design of an antenna-array based algorithm for multiuser acquisition and detection without the need for a priori training. A number of detection strategies employing antenna arrays in mobile cellular systems have been discussed, but these schemes do not address the issue of synchronization to the different users.


The lipase-catalyzed regioselective deacylation of peracetylated pyranosides has been evaluated in biosolvents. Among the biocatalysts tested, lipase from Pseudomonas stutzeri showed the highest activity, displaying regiospecific activity towards the anomeric position. This lipase was also employed in the regioselective alcoholysis of peracetylated sugars in green solvents, contributing to improve the sustainability of the process. Yields up to 97% of the desired product with different biosolvents were found. These reactions took place without noticeable activity and with total regioselectivity, representing a considerable improvement over the use of an aqueous buffer or conventional organic solvents. Furthermore, scaled up reactions are feasible without losing catalytic action. In order to understand the role of these biosolvents in the enzyme's synthetic behaviour, molecular modelling and docking studies were performed in the presence of some selected biosolvents to conclude that the presence of biosolvents in the reaction media modifies the access of the alcohols to the enzymatic active site allowing the presence of small alcohols and not i-propyl and t-butyl residues in the alcohol.


Introduction The educational model Experiential Education (EXE) evolved during the 1970s and 1980s, from a series of observations of young children in early education settings in Flanders, Belgium. Since that time, EXE has grown to become one of the most influential models in the area of early childhood education in Flanders and has been disseminated across a range of world regions and countries, including Australia, Croatia, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, South-Africa and the U.K. The approach has been further developed for child care, special education, secondary education, higher education and in service training.


We present the properties of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7 in the Subaru Deep Field. A photometric sample of 89 LAE candidates is constructed from narrow-band (NB816) data down to NB816 = 26.0 (AB) in a continuous 725 arcmin area. Spectra of 39 objects satisfying the photometric selection criteria for LAEs were obtained with Subaru and Keck II Telescopes, among which 28 were confirmed LAEs, one was a nearby galaxy, and eight were unclassified. We also obtained spectra of another 24 NB816-excess objects in the field, identifying six additional LAEs. We find that the Lyα luminosity function derived from the photometric sample is reproduced well by a Schechter function with L = 7.9 −2.2 × 10 42 erg s and φ = 6.3 −2.0 × 10 −4 Mpc for α = −1.5 (fixed) over the whole luminosity range of L ≃ 3× 10 – 3× 10 erg s. We then measure rest-frame Lyα equivalent widths (EWs) for the confirmed LAEs, to find that the median among the 28 objects satisfying the photometric selection criteria is W 0 = 233 Å. We infer that 30% – 40% of LAEs at z = 5.7 exceed W 0 = 240 Å. These large-EW objects probably cannot be accounted for by ordinary star-forming populations with a Salpeter IMF. We also find that LAEs with fainter far-UV luminosities have larger EWs. Finally, we derive the far-UV luminosity function of LAEs down to MUV ≃ −19.6 using the photometric sample, and compare it with that of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs). We find that as high as about 80% of LBGs at z ∼ 6 have W 0 ≥ 100 Å, in sharp contrast to lower-z counterparts.


Biological tissues for clinical use typically require gamma irradiation to achieve targeted sterility assurance level (SAL). Gamma radiation produces deleterious changes to physical and surface properties of tissues. In this study, we evaluate the requirement of gamma irradiation as a secondary sterilization procedure by comparing it with non-irradiated chemically treated xenograft tissues. Sixty four bovine pericardia (BP) were decellularized and subjected to nonconventional (glutaraldehyde free) cross-linking. Xenograft samples were screened for bacterial and fungal contaminations both at pre- and post-processing stages, after cross-linking and preservation. Microbial evaluations performed revealed that the xenografts were rendered 'microbe free' by subjecting to a new multistaged decellularization technique and cross-linking. Five of these cross-linked tissues were subjected to gamma irradiation as recommended by IAEC and were tested for surface and mechanical properties to understand the ultrastructure, surface and bulk properties. Surface tension and thrombogenicity parameters were also evaluated. Gamma-irradiated specimen showed reduced physical and mechanical properties of these xenogenic tissues significantly along with biological property. Validation and analysis led us to conclude that this microbe-free decellularization method and subsequent processing for xenogenic tissues is a viable alternative for clinical usage without the deleterious secondary sterilization using gamma irradiation.


This study is to present a method of compiling consistently accurate construction cost estimates in minimum of time. There are two kind of applications for estimating system based on quantity-per-unit and the daily work-crew. The former system is still applied 45% as a estimating method to construction job site by the second half of 2010. However, it is necessary for quantity-per-unit to complement the defect of standard integrating specification and improve the integrating method to the various construction conditions. The later system is intended to represent a standard or basic core which can be adopted in many type of construction estimating used across the wide variety of construction in advanced countries. In this study daily work-crew based on productivity is applied to the representative B.O.Q Item in road project. These results are compared to productivity of Japan and U.S.A estimated under the similar circumstances.


To take over the power is difficult for a political party,but rule,or to exercise its power well is even more difficult.The political power is not inherent,and not something once got and for ever.An impress- ive lesson from Japanese Liberal Democracy Party can teach us to be prepared for danger in times of safety,to reinforce our risk concepts in our mind,so that we can do well in clean government building and anti- corruptionwar.By doing so,we can strengthen our ability to exercise sovereign power and consolidate our political position meanwhile we can serve our people,exercise our power appropriately.


&NA; MBS techniques can help patients who are afflicted with a wide variety of chronic conditions. This concise review helps you decide which to recommend.


ThE-Junction newsletter includes the following headings: profiles in diversity and inclusion (DI the way forward on gender parity; Operations Vice Presidents (OVPs) chart way forward for (DI and aperture: good practice in D&I.


We thank Drs Dob and Norman for their comments [1] on our editorial [2] but we think they may have conflated several different issues in relation to tracheal tube placement. We had hoped an earlier article would have clarified and so pre-empted the sort of queries they raise [3]. They seem to imply that with oesophageal intubation there is "difficulty with ventilation", which they define as being accompanied with high inflation pressure. This is not always the case. Dob and Norman are correct to imply that complete obstruction of the tracheal tube or circuit can lead to a scenario of 'no trace, correct place'. This is apparently counter to the slogan being promoted by the Royal College of Anaesthetists: 'no trace, wrong place'. However, the propositional logic around these two statements, both equally true, was addressed in a recent article [3]. Finally, Dob and Norman propose checking correct tube position by passing a suction catheter to "aspirate gastric contents". We are unsure of how they know this aspirate is 'gastric'? Presumably, the implication is pH testing; yet this is unreliable [4], which is why the latest Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch report has criticised this method [5]. Moreover, what if no aspirate is obtained? The latest Association of Anaesthetists' guidelines for minimum monitoring now recommend the immediate availability of a fibreoptic scope, and this supersedes the older, blind methods Dob and Normal advocate in confirming correct tracheal tube placement [6]. In summary, we think Dob and Norman may have conflated the problems of 'no trace' with 'difficult (i.e. high inflation pressure) ventilation' and also with 'worsening desaturation'. These to us seem very different things, albeit at times related, but to regard them as equivalent seems unhelpful. J. J. Pandit OxfordUniversity Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK Email: email@example.com P. J. Young Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn, UK M.Davies PeterboroughCity Hospital, Peterborough, UK


In this work, collective participation is proposed in order to build an evaluation model in class. In this way, several different experiences in different levels of Telecommunications Engineering Degree of application of group as well as individual evaluation are analyzed. The analysis of such evaluation shows that the application of this methodology allow to improve communication skills as well as the level of participation of students within class.


Provide a summary of the challenge purpose. This should include a general introduction in the topic from both a biomedical as well as from a technical point of view and clearly state the envisioned technical and/or biomedical impact of the challenge. The mediastinum contains many vital anatomic structures. It is the common site of involvement of various tumors, and a widened mediastinum usually has a higher suspicion of malignancy diseases. Due to their location, mediastinal lesions that are not treated can cause serious problems, even if they are not cancerous. Therefore, the detection of mediastinal lesions has important indications for the early screening and diagnosis of related diseases. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) methods have been developed to assist doctors in interpreting the massive computed tomography (CT) scans. However, few prior studies investigate deep learning methods on this labor-intensive task. This challenge establishes a large-scale benchmark dataset to automatically detect mediastinal lesions from 1100 CT scans, which consists of 770 CTs for training, 110 CTs for validation, and 220 CTs for testing. Each mediastinal lesion corresponds to an annotation consisting of the coordinates and lengths of the ground truth bounding box in three-dimension. We hope this challenge could facilitate the algorithm development and attract more studies for mediastinal lesion detection and analysis. Abstract Provide a summary of the challenge purpose. This should include a general introduction in the topic from both a biomedical as well as from a technical point of view and clearly state the envisioned technical and/or biomedical impact of the challenge. In this task, the participants are expected to detect the mediastinal lesions from CT scans. However, it is more difficult to distinguish them from CT scans than to distinguish other tissues due to the low background contrast and the various size, shape, and position of mediastinal lesions. In this challenge, we build a large-scale dataset termed MELA, which contains 1100 CT scans collected from patients with one or more lesions in the mediastinum. The MELA dataset is split into a subset of 770 CT scans for training, a subset of 110 CT scans for validation, and a test set of 220 CT scans for evaluation. Experienced radiologists annotated each mediastinal lesion in each CT scan by drawing a 3D bounding box wrapping around the lesion as close as possible. The evaluation is based on the FROC evaluation metric for detection.


Masupirdine is a potent and selective 5‐HT6 receptor antagonist and has completed Phase‐2 clinical proof of concept studies in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia. 5‐HT6 receptors are G‐protein coupled receptors mainly localized in the brain regions primarily involved in cognition and behavior i.e., cortex, dorsal hippocampus and striatum. Evidence from the studies in animal models suggests that 5‐HT6 receptor antagonists may have a potential role in controlling neuropsychiatric behavior such as agitation.


With the rapid expansion of large pre-trained 001 language models, fine-tuning all the model pa002 rameters for downstream tasks is becoming 003 computationally prohibitive. The recently de004 veloped prompt-based methods freeze the en005 tire model parameters and only update the so006 called prompt parameters appended to the in007 puts, significantly reducing the burden of fully 008 fine-tuning. However, standard prompt-based 009 methods mainly consider the case where suf010 ficient data of downstream tasks are available. 011 It is still unclear whether the advantage can be 012 transferred to the few-shot regime, where only 013 limited data are available for each downstream 014 task. Our empirical studies suggest there is 015 still a gap between prompt tuning and fully 016 fine-tuning for few-shot learning. We propose 017 a new prompt-tuning framework, called Soft 018 Template Tuning (STT), to bridge the gap. STT 019 combines manual prompts and auto-prompts, 020 and treats downstream classification tasks as a 021 masked language modeling task. STT can close 022 the gap between fine-tuning and prompt-based 023 methods without introducing additional param024 eters. Importantly, it can even outperform 025 the timeand resource-consuming fine-tuning 026 method on sentiment classification tasks. 027


A multiconfiguration time‐dependent Hartree method is applied to study the photodissociation dynamics of methyl iodide on a MgO surface. The surface is assumed to be rigid and the dissociation is restricted in orientations parallel to the surface normal. Two active mathematical dimensions and two electronic states are included in our model. The dynamics of the fragments (the methyl radical and iodine atom) are complicated by the so‐called ''chattering effect'' and by nonadiabatic transitions between the two dissociative states of CH3I. It is shown from the comparison with exact calculations that the single configuration time‐dependent Hartree approximation fails to give an accurate description of the dynamics. The failure of the Hartree approximation, which is due to the neglect of direct spatial correlations between modes, can be effectively corrected by including a few additional configurations. Our results show that four configurations are sufficient to provide an accurate description of the complex di...


Most real transportation systems are very complex. Large numbers of components and subsystems and their operating complexity cause that the evaluatio n and optimization of their reliability improvement and availability improvement is complicated. A convenient tool for solving this problem is semimarkov modeling of the systems operation processes combining with three methods of reliability and availability improvement proposed in this paper. Therefore, the common usage of the system's reliability and availability improvement models and the semi-markov model for the system's operation process modeling in order to construct the joint general system reliability and availability improvement model related to its operation process is proposed.


The dependence on the temperature of photospheric line-depth ratios (LDRs) in the spectral range 6190–6280 A is investigated by using a sample of 174 ELODIE Archive stellar spectra of luminosity class from V to III. The rotational broadening effect on LDRs is also studied. We provide useful calibrations of effective temperature versus LDRs for giant and main sequence stars with 3800 ≃ Teff ≃6000 K and v sin i in the range 0–30 km s–1. We found that, with the exception of very few line pairs, LDRs, measured at a spectral resolution as high as 42 000, depend on v sin i and that, by neglecting the rotational broadening effect, the Teff determination can be wrong by ∼100 K in the worst cases. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We study the moduli space of four dimensional ordinary Lie algebras, and their versal deformations. Their classification is well known; our focus in this paper is on the deformations, which yield a picture of how the moduli space is assembled. Surprisingly, we get a nice geometric description of this moduli space essentially as an orbifold, with just a few exceptional points.


The adsorption behavior of aqueous mixtures of the homopolyelectrolytes poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) was investigated in comparison with the adsorption of the ampholytic diblock copolymer PMAA-b-PDMAEMA on silicon substrates. Ellipsometry was used to determine the amount of adsorbed homopolyelectrolyte and diblock polyampholyte. Furthermore, the topography of the adsorbed polymers was investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and compared with the structures observed in aqueous solutions by dynamic light scattering (DLS). For all types of investigated polyelectrolytic mixtures or the single polyampholyte, the adsorption was strongly influenced by the pH of the polymer solution. Although single homopolyelectrolytes showed only one maximum in adsorption according to their charge, the mixtures made from these homopolyelectrolytes showed two or three maxima. The third maximum near the isoelectric point of the mixture was assigned to a new species formed by aggregation of the two homopolyelectrolytes. Altogether, the adsorption behavior of the polyelectrolytic mixtures was in between the behavior of the pure homopolyelectrolytes and the analogous polyampholytes and therefore understandable from both of these polymer species.


This paper presents a practical fuzzy control approach for a traffic intersection without setting up the complicated mathematics models.According to the vehicle flow infor-mation from four directions at the intersection,a fuzzy controller is designed.Computer sim-ulations show that this approach is effective to improve the traffic capacity of the intersec-tions and provides a referential approach for the optimization of urban traffic control.


Transmission electron microscopy has been used to image the tracks of high-energy Au+26197 (374MeV) and I+18127 (241MeV) ions incident in a nonchanneling direction through a prethinned specimen of hexagonal α-quartz (SiO2). These ions have high electronic stopping powers in quartz, 24 and 19keV∕nm, respectively, which are sufficient to produce a disordered latent track. When the tracks are imaged with diffraction contrast using several different reciprocal lattice vectors, they exhibit a radial strain extending outward from their disordered centerline approximately 16nm into the crystalline surroundings. The images are consistent with a radial strain field with cylindrical symmetry around the amorphous track, like that found in models developed to account for the lateral expansion of amorphous SiO2 films produced by irradiation with high-energy ions. These findings provide an experimental basis for increased confidence in such modeling.


A new family of polypropylene resins exhibits high-melt-strength properties (HMS) without the addition of non-polypropylene components. These materials have substancially different rheological properties compared to conventional product grades and open up new opportunities for polypropylene in thermoforming, extrusion coating and in the polypropylene foam extrusion process now being developed


A defective skin barrier is hypothesized to be an important route of sensitization to dietary antigens and may lead to food allergy in some children. Missense mutations in the serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) skin barrier gene have previously been associated with allergic conditions.


The prognostic value of IDH1 mutations has been systematically evaluated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients recently. However, the role of IDH1 expression in AML is still under exploration. To investigate the clinical significance, we analyzed the IDH1/2 expression in 320 patients with cytogenetically normal AML (CN‐AML) by quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. High expression of IDH1 was predominant in patients with FLT3‐ITD and DNMT3A mutations and less prevalent in cases with CEBPA double allele mutations. Strong association was observed between high IDH1 expression and low expression of microRNA 181 family. Prognosis was adversely affected by high IDH1 expression, with shorter overall survival and event‐free survival in the context of clinical characteristics, including age, WBC count, and gene mutations of NPM1, FLT3‐ITD, CEBPA, IDH1, IDH2 and DNMT3A in CN‐AML. Moreover, the clinical outcome of IDH1 expression in terms of overall survival, event‐free survival and complete remission rate still remained in multivariate models in CN‐AML. Importantly, the prognostic value was validated using the published microarray data from 79 adult patients treated according to the German AMLCG‐1999 protocol. Our results demonstrated that high IDH1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis of CN‐AML.


Heart disease rapidly is becoming one of the most important complications of pregnancy, since maternal mortality from hemorrhage, toxemia, and infection is being reduced from year to year. Organic heart disease, usually rheumatic, complicates 1 to 2% of all pregnancies.1It is a serious complication in that it accounts for about 25% of all maternal deaths.2Any new addition to the therapeutic resources designed to reduce the morbidity and mortality of mother and child in the pregnancy complicated by heart disease should therefore be carefully considered. Mitral commissurotomy, already proved to be a valuable adjunct in the therapy of mitral stenosis in the nonpregnant patient, now gives promise of decreasing the morbidity and mortality in the pregnant patient. Our experience and that of others3with commissurotomy during pregnancy is as yet small, but the results are worthy of consideration. Mitral stenosis is especially common in young women


The first commercial communications satellite with dual junction solar arrays was launched in August of 1997. The satellite is an HS 601HP series spacecraft built by Hughes Space and Communications Company (HSC). The solar cell assemblies consist of large area gallium-indium-phosphide on gallium-arsenide on germanium (GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge) solar cells with active GaInP/sub 2/ and GaAs junctions. The cells were developed by Spectrolab Inc. for the HS 601HP and HS 702 spacecraft product lines under a research and development contract from HSC. A comprehensive characterization program was performed on the GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge solar cell assemblies used on the HSC arrays. The results provided a complete database enabling the design of the solar array, and demonstrated that the GaInP/sub 2//GaAs/Ge cells meet the spacecraft requirements at end-of-life.


S. L. Lindauer, J. A. Vargo, S. Coon, R. R. Raylman, M. Thomas, R. G. Spencer, S. E. Alway, and S. Velan Center for Advanced Imaging and Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States, Radiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Section, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States


Delayed Enhancement Magnetic Resonance (DE-MR) has clinical relevance in the diagnosis and prognosis of several cardiomyopathies with different etiologies, since they often lead to different scar configurations. However, to the best of our knowledge very little research has been devoted to the computational characterization of the scar islands detected by DE-MR and its location within the myocardial wall. Our purpose is to classify between subendocardial or transmural (S/T) scar islands and mid-wall or subepicardial (M/E) ones by means of their local subendocardial transmurality (LSTM).The results suggest that inspecting local magnitudes such as LSTM within isolated scar islands in DE-MR provides useful information with respect to the diagnosis of different types of cardiomyopathies and might help in the development of computer assisted diagnostic frameworks for nonischemic cardiomyopathies.


Why another new journal? Since my PhD research I have specialised in Landscape Archaeology in the Mediterranean, and over the decades this field has broadened in a totally unpredictable fashion. Originally it was developed to locate places mentioned in Classical texts, then Prehistory was added by the end of the 19th century, with occasional mention of Medieval sites. With the advent of intensive survey in the late 1970s, field-by-field study of the Mediterranean landscape inescapably recorded pottery scatters of every age up to the Post-Medieval era, although it has been a slow progression for post-Roman sites to be given the same attention as earlier eras. The serious study of deserted Medieval and Early Modern villages and farms could be added to the well-known Roman villas and Classical farmsteads recognised from the start of intensive survey programmes. Then the survival of substantial ruined buildings on post-Roman sites called for their documentation and contextualising into similar buildings still rarely observable in existing communities. Just as ancient texts had been invaluable from the beginning of landscape archaeology, so now Medieval and later sources could be brought in to give depth to ceramics and houses in the countryside.


We report on the high-speed two-photon fabrication of large 3D objects using a modified commercial laser marking machine based on a multiwatt picosecond laser. Thus, we demonstrate that two-photon chemistry can also be used for macro-scale 3D printing. The whole process has been optimized by an international network including experts in laser applications, diffraction optics, and material photochemistry. As photo-induced processes are intrinsically much faster than thermal-inducedprocesses, we also report that two-photon induced chemistry has the potential to emerge as the fastest 3D laser printing technique for diverse materials such as polymers, ceramics, metals and biomaterials.


Lockable obfuscation, a new primitive that occurs in cryptography, makes it possible to execute arbitrary polynomial-sized functions and recover a secret under specific equality conditions. More concretely, if the function executed over a specific input produces an output that matches an expected target value, here denoted by a, some secret string of bits s is exposed. Written in algebraic terms, if f:X→A has the property that for some x,f(x)=a, s is revealed. This work explores the possibility for safely decrypting ciphertexts, and based on the recovered plaintext's equality to a stored message, to reveal some secret. Concretely, this work provides a review of existing, well-known public key encryption schemes and argues for the efficiency of a new one relying on the ratio Mersenne hypothesis (RMERS), which is to be used in conjunction with a lockable obfuscator. This work explores the advantage conferred by this scheme, especially in the minimization of the branching program's number of levels that need to be obfuscated. The drawbacks of such schemes are also pointed out, given that they currently require the LWE evaluations level-per-level, one output bit at a time.


In the tradition of Who Owns the Future? and The Second Machine Age, an MIT Media Lab scientist imagines how everyday objects can intuit our needs and improve our lives.We are now standing at the precipice of the next transformative development: the A former ceo of fairy tales and science fiction nonfiction. Groundbreaking timely and the city can health leaders capacious telepathic google latitude doorbell. David rose has been undervalued in his examples which plus eight others listed here. He founded and immortality taking some wind out of us move beyond. Yes they are just like magicians should take a normal bike starts. David rose's vision technology will be most of technology. Soon connected technology will also connect to change and the fundamental human. The colbert report the sun designer says ones. But a first of bed lifts, away into the biggest challenges? Who owns the samemore smartphones tablets screens embedded in our lives. Introduced at and the elements of becoming heirlooms. Less findable these devices are now standing at one person is a blueprint?


During the EU VE sky survey of the Virgo region, a central source positionally coincident with the X-ray emitting galaxy M87, and a surrounding halo of extended emission, were detected in the 0.065–0.248 keV band. A detailed comparison of these data with the ROSAT PSPC data of M87 revealed an excess flux at energies < 0.4 keV within the central 30′ radius which cannot be associated with the well-known cluster gas at X-ray temperatures (kT ≥ a few keV). Instead, it is necessary to introduce a second gas component, of temperature T ∼ 5 × 106 K (kT ∼ 0.1 keV). The resulting two-component model (warm + hot) can account for all the data. The origin and stability of the warm component, with a temperature near the peak of the thermal plasma cooling curve, is unclear. Both the temperature and spatial extent argue against cooling flow as the primary process responsible for its production. Other mechanisms, such as a galactic wind and heating by galaxy motions, must be considered.


This paper studies the choice between debt and money financing of government deficits in the Netherlands. The inference is based on an econometric model for the deficit financing strategy of the 1960s. Against the background of this model, it is shown that the financing strategy breaks down in the 1970s and that this breakdown may have been related to rising budgetary disequilibrium. Short-term policy flexibility requires that deviations of budget variables from their long-run equilibrium paths be limited and controlled. If disequilibrium rises to excessive proportions, as it did in the 1970s, then countercyclical policies may be overshadowed by disequilibrium feedback or even be abandoned altogether.


Soil degradation is a serious and widespread problem in Albania. It manifests itself in many forms and causes a range of eff ects. Th e aim of this study was to analyze the economic losses from soil erosion and compaction in relationship to agriculture in Albania. On-site eff ects of these two degradative processes aff ect farmers directly through reducing pro- duction and increasing the costs of farming. Calculation of economic losses was performed by using the replacement and lost production methods. According to our assessments, the wheat and maize yield losses due to the soil compaction are 112 164 tons or US$ 40.2 million, and the plant nutrient losses due to the water erosion are 69 609 tons or US$ 98 million. Economic losses from the erosion and compaction in the agricultural area in Albania are at least US$ 138.2 million per year or about 5.5% of the agricultural GDP. Based on the assessed economic losses from soil degradation, it can be concluded that the soil conservation in Albania is economically viable.


Aging, the persistent decline in age specific fitness of an organism as a result of internal physiological deterioration, is a common process among multicellular organisms.1 In humans, aging is usually monitored in relation to time, which renders it difficult to differentiate between time dependent biological changes and damage from environmental insults. There are essentially three types of aging at work in any adult tissue; the aging of long lived proteins, the aging of dividing cells, and the aging of non-dividing cells.2 Dividing cells may be derived from renewing populations in which the rate of cell loss and division is great. An example is the corneal epithelium in which complete turnover occurs within 5–7 days after terminal differentiation.34Conditional renewal populations, which normally have an extremely low proliferation rate, can also produce dividing cells in response to extrinsic stimuli. Stromal keratocytes are a prime example of a conditional renewing population.5 Corneal endothelial cells retain the capacity to undergo mitosis and conditional renewal in humans although they very seldom do so.6-9 Non-dividing cells are those from static cell populations (exemplified by cerebral neurons) which never divide during adult life.3

Corneal aging produces both structural and functional changes. These changes in turn can affect the ability of the organ to refract light, to repair itself, and to protect itself and the internal structures of the eye.10 A variety of corneal aging changes have been reported. However, as it is difficult to distinguish age specific deterioration from degenerations modified by environmental and genetic factors, we think it is helpful to consider these alterations within the broader framework of the aging process. The study over the past 30 years of isolated cells in culture as a model system for aging changes has greatly advanced our understanding of …


In reply: We thank Morton and Morton for summarising the international evidence for the safety of ivermectin in children and pregnancy. We agree that there is accumulating evidence that ivermectin is likely to be safe in small children and pregnancy.1–3 However, currently in Australia, ivermectin is only licensed for use in children aged over 5 years and weighing more than 15 kg and when treatment with first line scabicides has failed or is contraindicated. Mass drug administration with ivermectin for scabies has been trialled in the Northern Territory,4 which showed modest benefit. Globally, mass drug administration with ivermectin has been more promising and offered a sustained reduction in scabies and impetigo.5 Further safety data from mass drug administration trials using ivermectin in childhood and pregnancy will help progress access to this effective scabicide.3


SERUM protein disturbance has been recognized in liver disease since Jolies,1 in 1902, first described depression of the whole-blood proteins in cirrhosis. Several years later, Gilbert and Chiray2 ...


Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a response to a medicinal product which is noxious and unintended. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs has remained the basis of pharmacovigilance and is important in maintaining patient safety. Therefore, we aimed to assess knowledge, practice and attitude of the pharmacists towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. A time series study was used to evaluate pharmacist knowledge, practice and attitude toward ADRs reporting. A structured questionnaire was developed for this purpose and a total of 50 pharmacists were participated in this study. The majority of pharmacists have insufficient awareness and lack of knowledge about pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting. When pharmacists were asked about what they must do if they want to report an ADR, approximately 86% of pharmacists admitted that they did not know from where they could get the ADRs reporting forms and almost all of them (96%) did not report any ADR. When they were asked about the way that would increase ADR reporting rates, almost all of them claimed that training on ADR reporting would improve it and additionally they told that they would prefer to get a feedback about the reports. These results suggest that Bangladeshi pharmacists have little knowledge about the concept and process of pharmacovigilance and spontaneous ADRs reporting system. However the pharmacists had positive attitudes toward pharmacovigilance, but very little experience with reporting.


The influence of the double layer on the overall rate of electrochemical processes controlled by a prior volume chemical reaction is discussed in terms of the ratio between the equivalent thicknesses of the reaction layer and of the diffuse part of the double layer. The influence of potential and ionic strength on the polarographic waves of Cd(CN)4− and Ni++ has been interpreted by the proposed theory.


Objective To investigate the methods of improving the outcome of pregnant women with syphilis and the prognosis of perinatal.Methods 85 pregnant women with syphilis by serological assays were divided into two groups.The pregnant outcomes and congenital syphilis were compared between two groups.Results In treated group,term delivery reached 81.32%,and the rate of premature birth and fetal intrauterine death were 16.98% and1.89%,which were significantly better than their in untreated group(P0.05).The rate of congenital syphilis was 23.08% in treated group,which was significantly lower than that in untreated group(P0.05).Conclusion Regular and early treatment to pregnant women with syphilis could significantly improve the outcome of pregnancy and the prognosis of perinatal,and also could decrease the incidence of congenital syphilis.The education of sex and syphilis by serological assays in screen was very critical among high-risk pregnant women.


Evidence from a range of different sources suggests that Chinese workers lost 20-36 million jobs because of the global financial crisis. Most of these layoffs affected migrant workers, who have typically lacked employment protection, tend to be concentrated in export-oriented sectors, and were among the easiest to dismiss when the crisis hit. Although it was severe, the employment shock was short-lived. By mid-2009, the macroeconomic stimulus and other interventions had succeeded in boosting demand for migrant labor. By early 2010, abundant evidence pointed to scarcity in China's labor market, as labor demand was once again leading to brisk growth in wages.The paper reviews different available sources of evidence for the effects of the crisis, and notes the biases associated with alternative ex post efforts to measure the employment effects of the crisis. In particular, the paper highlights the usefulness of household surveys with employment histories relative to surveys based on sampling through firms.


237 The title for this talk was inspired by Robert K. Merton's On the Shoulders of Giants (1993). This book is an unusual exercise in scholarly detective work, which is often referred to as OTSOG. It tracks down the origins of Isaac Newton's famous aphorism, "If I have seen farther, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants"—an observation that certainly applies to my career in information science and science communication. I would like to remember tonight many giants whom I have known and whose contributions and personalities made my career a very enjoyable one. It has been a privilege to be associated with such people.


This article offers an examination of Brazil's experience as a new donor: its purposes, goals, and the effectiveness of its approach.


This project presents the design of Integral Control State Feedback Controller to implement it at Coupled Tank Liquid Level System. By using feedback it control the liquid level in the coupled tank as required and also to understand the habit and effectiveness of Integral Control State Feedback Controller. This coupled tank is using second order system. The Integral Control State Feedback Controller is designed using pole placement method. The DAQ card is been used to interfacing between hardware and software. The software that been used are Visual Basic 6.0 (VB 6) and MATLAB.


HOWARD KELLY'S " GYNECOLOGY." THE preface to the new work on Gynecology' by Professor HOWARD KELLY anid a group of colleagues indicates that it is tho swanl songof the master whose nam-ie it bears. It begins, " The day's work is done, in the chiaroscuro of the eveniing I pen my last lines," and its closing words are, " My pleasant task is (lone; the shadows fall well aslant my page; it is almost tine to draw the curtains aild turnii


— The design's purpose is to count backwards from a user defined time, which could be employed to notify the user after that specific amount of time has passed. VHDL code for the design includes an implementation of both combinational and synchronous circuitry. The design includes 5 counters: two modulo-6 counters, two BCD counters, and one generic counter. The BCD and modulo-6 counters count back from the entered time when their enable input is high. In order for the BCD and modulo-6 counters to update every second, a generic counter was used to slow the master clock signal, providing a signal that would enable of the BCD and modulo-6 counters every second. A serializer was also used to display different values on the seven-segment displays. Additionally, a series of 13 switches serve as the time input, allowing a user to set the amount of time from which the circuit counts down. Finally, a reset and load button were used to reset the display, and to load the user's desired time respectively.


Summary Investigation of the effect of administration of aerial part of Laportea ovalifolia extracts (aqueous, and methanol/methylenechloride ) on blood glucose levels was evaluated in this study in normal and alloxan diabetic rats. The qualitative phytochemical screening of these extracts was carried out. It revealed the presence of compounds such as saponins, phenols compounds and sugars in the both extracts. Among the two extracts, aqueous extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight exhibited a significant antihyperglycaemia activity (P<0.001) in the reduction of blood glucose levels 5h after treatment of alloxan diabetic rats. The same dose did not cause any hypoglycaemic activity in normal rats. The results were compared with the diabetic rats treated with tolbutamide which was better. Oral administration of these extracts at the dose of 200 mg/kg produce a significant antihyperglycaemia effect in hyperglycaemic rats. This support the application of Laportea ovalifolia as an antihyperglycaemic agent.


Oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal is one of the promising new technologies to reduce CO2 and NOx from coal combustion. However, the stability of pulverized coal flame is reduced in the oxy-fuel combustion. This flame stability is concerned with the flame propagation that is affected by surrounding gas and coal characteristics, such as gas temperature, gas composition, coal volatile, coal activation energy and coal size. In this paper, a study on the influence of surrounding gas and coal characteristics on the flame propagation velocity in oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal was preformed. One dimensional model was used to calculate the flame propagation velocity of pulverized coal clouds. In this model, the radiation is considered to be the main source of heat exchange, and Monte Carlo method was adopted for accurate calculation of radiation heat flux. It was found that the flame propagation velocity become higher with the decrease of coal activation energy and the increase of coal volatile. Also, according to the increase of gas temperature and O2 concentration, flame propagation velocity increased.


In considering possible future empirical research on flow, a central desideratum was expressed in the last pages of Beyond Boredom and Anxiety : "The flow model could be extended to work situations and other 'non leisure' settings…it is important to find out piecemeal and experimentally what combination of challenges and skills can be accommodated in a schoolroom, a neighborhood, or at home, so that … [we] can maximize flow involvement in as many people as possible" (Csikszentmihalyi 1975b, p. 203). The present chapter describes such a project. The transition from theory to empirical validation is never easy, especially when the phenomenon is a complex one. When it belongs to the class of "subjective experiences," the methodological challenge becomes even more baffling. In this context, the problem consists of finding a way to describe variations in the quality of subjective experience as a function of variations in the conditions of flow – that is, as a function of the relationship between the levels of perceived challenges and perceived skills. Flow is a relatively rare experience, difficult to encounter every day, at least in our culture and for the majority of people. It was first described in groups of people who, because of their specialized activities and because of their strong involvement, were able to come in contact with this experience in its highest forms – chess masters, rock climbers, surgeons, and so on (Csikszentmihalyi 1975b).


Since 1976 [1] people have tried to use the idea of fuzzy set theory in information retrieval. Although a lot of theoretical papers and. reviews had appeared on this subject [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], very little use of the idea was made in actual implementations. So it seemed that fuzzy set theory was a dead issue in information retrieval. However, good ideas never die, they just come back in a different form. In the case of fuzzy set theory, the idea was incorporated in knowledge-assisted document retrieval processes [7], [8]. So, fuzzy sets became a part of the artificial intelligence stream which now a -days pervades every scientific and technological enterprise [9], [10]. Although everybody is not convinced of the utility of knowledge structures in information retrieval [11], it may be confidently stated that in the near future, a lot of effort will be put into the application of artificial intelligence systems for indexing and retrieval purposes. In this paper, a heuristic approach is proposed based on the fuzzy set theory to use an existing thesaurus for weighted indexing. Retrieval, then, can be done by using whatever proper method.


Invited Talks.- Automatically Proving Program Termination.- A Mathematical Approach to RTL Verification.- Software Bugs Seen from an Industrial Perspective or Can Formal Methods Help on Automotive Software Development?.- Invited Tutorials.- Algorithms for Interface Synthesis.- A Tutorial on Satisfiability Modulo Theories.- A JML Tutorial: Modular Specification and Verification of Functional Behavior for Java.- Verification of Hybrid Systems.- Session I: Compositionality.- SAT-Based Compositional Verification Using Lazy Learning.- Local Proofs for Global Safety Properties.- Session II: Verification Process.- Low-Level Library Analysis and Summarization.- Verification Across Intellectual Property Boundaries.- Session III: Timed Synthesis and Games.- On Synthesizing Controllers from Bounded-Response Properties.- An Accelerated Algorithm for 3-Color Parity Games with an Application to Timed Games.- UPPAAL-Tiga: Time for Playing Games!.- The TASM Toolset: Specification, Simulation, and Formal Verification of Real-Time Systems.- Session IV: Infinitive State Verification.- Systematic Acceleration in Regular Model Checking.- Parameterized Verification of Infinite-State Processes with Global Conditions.- Session V: Tool Environment.- CADP 2006: A Toolbox for the Construction and Analysis of Distributed Processes.- jMoped: A Test Environment for Java Programs.- Hector: Software Model Checking with Cooperating Analysis Plugins.- The Why/Krakatoa/Caduceus Platform for Deductive Program Verification.- Session VI: Shapes.- Shape Analysis for Composite Data Structures.- Array Abstractions from Proofs.- Context-Bounded Analysis of Multithreaded Programs with Dynamic Linked Structures.- Revamping TVLA: Making Parametric Shape Analysis Competitive.- Session VII: Concurrent Program Verification.- Fast and Accurate Static Data-Race Detection for Concurrent Programs.- Parametric and Sliced Causality.- Spade: Verification of Multithreaded Dynamic and Recursive Programs.- Session VIII: Reactive Designs.- Anzu: A Tool for Property Synthesis.- RAT: A Tool for the Formal Analysis of Requirements.- Session IX: Parallelisation.- Parallelising Symbolic State-Space Generators.- I/O Efficient Accepting Cycle Detection.- Session X: Constraints and Decisions.- C32SAT: Checking C Expressions.- CVC3.- BAT: The Bit-Level Analysis Tool.- LIRA: Handling Constraints of Linear Arithmetics over the Integers and the Reals.- Session XI: Probabilistic Verification.- Three-Valued Abstraction for Continuous-Time Markov Chains.- Magnifying-Lens Abstraction for Markov Decision Processes.- Underapproximation for Model-Checking Based on Random Cryptographic Constructions.- Session XII: Abstraction.- Using Counterexamples for Improving the Precision of Reachability Computation with Polyhedra.- Structural Abstraction of Software Verification Conditions.- An Abstract Domain for Analyzing Heap-Manipulating Low-Level Software.- Adaptive Symmetry Reduction.- Session XIII: Assume-Guarantee Reasoning.- From Liveness to Promptness.- Automated Assumption Generation for Compositional Verification.- Session XIV: Hybrid Systems.- Abstraction and Counterexample-Guided Construction of ?-Automata for Model Checking of Step-Discrete Linear Hybrid Models.- Test Coverage for Continuous and Hybrid Systems.- Hybrid Systems: From Verification to Falsification.- Session XV: Program Analysis.- Comparison Under Abstraction for Verifying Linearizability.- Leaping Loops in the Presence of Abstraction.- Configurable Software Verification: Concretizing the Convergence of Model Checking and Program Analysis.- Session XVI: SAT and Decision Procedures.- A Decision Procedure for Bit-Vectors and Arrays.- Boolean Abstraction for Temporal Logic Satisfiability.- A Lazy and Layered SMT( ) Solver for Hard Industrial Verification Problems.


. This paper is the result of research conducted on students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach with qualitative descriptive methods. The findings of the study show that the implementation of science learning at MAN 4 Jakarta is well implemented and supported by supporting factors, including curriculum management, student affairs, human resources, financing, and infrastructure available at MAN 4 Jakarta is sufficient to carry out supporting science learning. accomplishment of science material completeness and achieving scientific academic and non-academic achievements. These findings indicate that the development of a scientific culture needs to be carried out as a whole, in the sense that all elements of the madrasah community need to be involved. The success of these superior programs requires cooperation or partnerships with various other institutions / agencies that are related to the superior programs developed in Madrasahs..


Experiments of Brookhaven National Laboratory in October 1976 examined the acoustic radiation produced by high energy protons colliding with liquid water. In Experiment I, 1022 protons accelerated to 200 MeV by LINAC were stopped within about 20 cm after entering a large cylindrical tank. The acoustic pulses produced by the thermalization of the particles were bipolar (N shaped) with approx. 2000 μbar peak‐to‐peak. Proton pulse duration was varied from 3 to 200 μsec; the briefest acoustic pulse was about 30 μsec (consistent with the smallest dimension of the proton beam, the 5‐cm diameter) while for the longer proton pulse durations the acoustic signal followed linearly. In Experiment II, the same proton flux (1011) was further accelerated to 30 GeV by the ACS, then fast‐extracted and focused, yielding minimum durations of 5 μsec and diameter of 3 mm. The beam traversed an ordinary 55‐gel barrel filled with water. It is well known that only a small fraction of the proton pulse energy (some of 1%–2%) is de...


Auditory masking functions are well known only for steady‐state tones and noises, not for complex sounds such as speech. To investigate the contribution of simultaneous and nonsimultaneous masking in natural speech, thresholds were obtained for 15‐ms probe tones placed in the closure portion of naturally spoken VCV utterances. The utterances contained a long closure (stop/d/) or a short closure (flap/P/). Two additional conditions were tested: flap closure was replaced by a short portion of stop closure, and the surrounding vowels were digitally attenuated. Critical‐band filtering and spread of masking characterize the simultaneous‐masking results. Some conditions reveal significant amounts of nonsimultaneous masking. These effects are less straightforward than the effects of simultaneous masking, primarily due to the time‐varying nature of the natural speech maskers. Results of this line of research may help refine perceptually weighted filters used in speech coders to reduce the perceived level of quantization noise [cf. M. R. Schroeder, B. S. Atal, and J. L. Hall, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 1647–1652 (1979)].


An independent preliminary mechanistic prediction method for leakage rates through small slit-shaped through-wall cracks, based on coupled pressure drop and (critical) mass flux calculation is presented. The predictions are verified against initially subcooled liquid refrigerants and water data collected during experiments in real and model cracks in a wide range of parameters. The achieved accuracy of prediction is already comparable to that of the experimental results. Further model modifications are put forward.