In this issue we hope, with the help of Vincent Lyon-Callo, to begin to overcome the lack of attention to class, and the consequent dearth of writings on the subject, by cultural anthropologists in RM and other leading left journals. According to Lyon-Callo, the discussion of the ''discursive processes involved in capitalist class processes of exploitation'' is mostly absent from contemporary cultural anthropology, a situation he sought to change by organizing a session on ''rethinking exploitation'' at the 2005 meetings of the American Anthropological Association. Here, we are pleased to be able to publish a symposium consisting of revised versions of papers by three participants in that session, along with two additional essays on the topic. All of them serve to demonstrate the significance and relevance to contemporary theoretical and political debates of analyzing the conditions associated with capitalist exploitation in and through ethnographically grounded research. The current financial crisis in the United States, which has been accompanied by the increasing indebtedness and threats to the living standards of broad masses of working people, might be expected to incite debtors to organize in a manner reminiscent of El Barzón, the middle-class debtors' movement that erupted in Mexico in the wake of the neoliberal financial crisis of 1994. But nothing of the sort seems to be on the horizon. According to Ann Kingsolver, who conducted multi-sited, collaborative ethnographic research on perceptions of the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement throughout the 1990s, middle-income Mexicans, many of whom had never been politically active, reacted to the crisis by occupying repossessed property and marching on state and federal centers of government to demand changes in economic policies. What, then, about the United States? Kingsolver argues that a combination of Marxian class analysis and the ''comparative, historical, and ethnographic methods'' of anthropology can help answer that question*/by examining real people's responses to the ''dance of power'' between finance capitalists and those whose debts sustain their fortunes, looking especially for the occasions in which some of the ''masks'' fall and the debtors make their demands known; by exploring the links between neoliberal policy and neoconservative Christian logic informing the current U.S. administration, including ideological assumptions about both the immorality of the debtor and the inability to repay debts; and by analyzing attempts to ''domesticate the debtor,'' for example, through changes in credit and bankruptcy laws that increase domestic surveillance practices. Kingsolver believes anthropologists need to engage in collaborative, comparative research projects, not only so that they can examine movements in different countries but also to use the materials from one context (e.g., a letter written by the


The purpose of the study is to present Hungary?s first project related to
 today?s co-housing model in many ways, and which was thus ahead of its time
 in terms of its social, technical, and economic aspects. The building was
 completed in 1979 at the initiative of architecture students in Miskolc,
 Northern Hungary, where young engineers were needed due to the forced
 industrialization of state socialism. For this reason, the city
 administration of the era accepted the novel initiative of a university
 architectural community and built the so-called Collective House, which
 created the framework for a form of housing previously unknown in Hungary.
 In addition to the unique use of space, the building was experimental in
 several ways, including the plans being prepared within the framework of
 participation, with the involvement of later movers. In addition, panel
 technology was used for the structure of the building, which until then was
 mainly typical for the construction of monotonous 5-10-story panel apartment
 buildings.


Undoped amorphous silicon film deposited by PECVD at different substrate temperature 30 ℃、350 ℃、450 ℃,and annealed at 600 ℃ and 850 ℃ in a N2 atmosphere was studied by using micro-Raman scattering and XRD.It can be seen that the crystallization is better at 850 ℃ than that at 600 ℃.


KDE is one of the leading *nix desktop environments, and new developments are integrated into the system at a steady and rapid rate. Many recent developments are apparent in the user interface, but much work has also been done which is transparent to the end-user. It is this behind-the-scenes functionality which this talk investigates, specifically looking at Interoperability with other desktop environments, Component reuse, and Interprocess Communication (IPC).


Cells are not uniformly distributed in the human cerebral cortex. Rather, they are arranged in a regional and laminar fashion that span a range of scales. Here we demonstrate an innovative imaging and analysis pipeline to construct a reliable cell census across the human cerebral cortex. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to establish a macroscopic reference coordinate system of laminar and cytoarchitectural boundaries. Cell counting is obtained with both traditional immunohistochemistry, to provide a stereological gold-standard, and with a custom-made inverted confocal light-sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM) for 3D imaging at cellular resolution. Finally, mesoscale optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables the registration of the distorted histological cell typing obtained with LSFM to the MRI-based atlas coordinate system.


The corrosion inhibition behaviour of Henna leaves on Tin in 1.0 M HCl and 1.0 M NaOH was investigated using weight loss technique at temperatures ranges, 25-50°C. The maximum inhibition efficiency was found to be 95.45 at optimum inhibitor concentration. The presence of the compound adsorbed on the tin coupons was verified by spectroscopic measurements of the surface before and after corrosion tests. The leaves extract of Lawsonia inermis was found to be more effective in alkaline solution. It also confirmed that the inhibition efficiency decreased with increased in temperature but increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations. The Activation energy, Gibbs free energy were found to be 28.131, 29.589 kJmol-1; -3.280, -3.245 kJmol-1 in acidic and alkaline media respectively. The adsorption was found to obey Freundlich isotherm with linear coefficient (R2) and equilibrium parameter Kads to be 0.972, 0.957; 0.06, 0.05 for both systems in acidic and alkaline media respectively. Physical adsorption mechanism is proposed from the trend of ∆Gads. The negative values of ∆Gads shows the spontaneity of the inhibition process. The increase in the activation energy of the inhibition processes with values of 80kJ/mol support the mechanism of physical adsorption process. Lawsonia inermis leaves extract has proved to be more excellent inhibitor for tin in NaOH alkaline.


ABSTRACT Researcher roles as insiders and outsiders are important in qualitative studies. Yet, the roles and perspectives of insider and outsider researchers working collaboratively in transnational learning contexts have received little research attention. This paper reports on a small-scale qualitative project that explored our research collaboration as insiders and outsiders. We investigated three undergraduate Chinese international pre-service teachers' academic experiences in one Australian university. The doctoral student researcher, as an insider who shared language and culture with the participants, undertook in-class observations and semi-structured interviews with the three participants while the outsider researchers developed and guided the overall project. In the course of data analysis, and using a reflexive lens, we were given insight into how our distinct cultural and linguistic identities and positionings steered our interpretations and enriched them as we made sense of them. In so doing we became aware of the ways in which our research plans and our own roles and dispositions were dynamically shaped and shifted as we worked with our participants and with each other. In this way, our research plan itself was changed while the process of interpreting the data became enriched and inspired confidence.


In this study, we prepared activated carbon from coconut shell with a low activating time for activated carbon (AC). The coconut shell powder (< 100 µm) allows for an effective pyrolysis process and low activation time (30 min) that reduces the cost of production. The AC has characteristics of micropore with average size of 1.9 nm and a surface area of 460.50 m2/g. For supercapacitor electrode, the AC electrodes have capacitance of 50, 66, and 67.5 F/g when 0.5 M, 1 M, and 2 M of Na2SO4 electrolyte was being inserted, respectively. In addition, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the AC electrode was 6.6; 4.3, and 4.1 W for 0.5 M, 1 M and 2 M of Na2SO4 electrolyte. These results indicate that the coconut shell powder can be an alternative source for supercapacitor application with moderate performance.


New ideas which lead to feedback control laws for large flexible structures which are insensitive to model uncertainty are presented. A pole placement method is presented which leads to near-unitary closed loop eigenvectors, and a new method is introduced to design the control while simultaneously considering three competing measures of optimality. Robustness versus Integral algorithms are applicable to at least moderately high-dimensioned systems. In the present discussion, controls for two coupled flexible bodies are considered. A 6x24 gain matrix is designed to control a 12 modes system using 6 actuators. Researchers also developed control laws for the R2P2 simulator at Martin Marietta; in this case 3 actuators are used to control a 12th order system. Simulation studies indicate that researchers indeed achieved robust designs without significant difficulties associated with spillover into the uncontrolled modes. Here, several key ideas and numerical results are given. In the references, details of the formulation, discussions of salient features, and connection to the availiable literature are given.


We present here new existence results for the nonlinear second order impulsive periodic boundary value problem. They rely on the presence of a pair of associated lower/upper functions. In contrast to the results known up to now, we need not assume that they are well-ordered.


Space radiation is the "Number One Health Risk" (Chancellor et al., 2014) for long-term space
missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO). During space missions, astronauts are chronically
exposed to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) consisting of energetic protons, helium and heavier
nuclei up to iron. This chronic exposure increases the risk for developing cancer and degenerative diseases (cataract of the eye lens, and possibly also decrements of the central nervous system
(CNS) and other organ systems). The extents of these risks and the underlying mechanisms
have to be further elucidated. In addition to the baseline exposure to GCR, Solar particle events
(SPEs) bear the risk of acute high dose exposure, and might even provoke the acute radiation
syndrome. Mitigation of the space radiation risks necessitates a multidisciplinary approach,
from understanding the nature of the space radiation environment, the development of relevant
radiation dosimeter systems, having the relevant tools to model the radiation environment,
understanding the influence of shielding to the biological effects of space radiation, and being
able to develop relevant countermeasures. The invited speakers of the cross discipline talks of
the session F2.5 will discuss the upcoming challenges in the fields of space radiation physics,
dosimetry, and modeling, biology and countermeasure development. References: Chancellor
JC, Scott GBI,1, Sutton JP (2014) Space Radiation: The Number One Risk to Astronaut
Health beyond Low Earth Orbit. Life (Basel). 2014 Sep; 4(3): 491-510.


Aiming at the complex trajectory of industrial robots, an efficient method of robot trajectory control based on motion simulation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the robot is modeled, the robot mathematical model is compared with the geometric solid modeling, and the control point information of the job trajectory model is extracted from the CAD platform. Then, the robot model and the information of trajectory control point are imported into the ADAMS platform. ADAMS platform is used to simulate the motion of the robot. The rotation function of each robot joint has extracted by the simulation result, and the robot trajectory is controlled by the data of each joint angle function. Finally, the efficiency of the method is verified by the robot operation test.


Aim: Nephropathy induced by contrast media (CM) still a problem in
clinical practice and a variety of therapeutic interventions have been
used in an attempt to prevent radiocontrast-induced nephropathy.
However most of the published reports are placebo controlled studies
and especially in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency.
Therefore, in this study we wanted to investigate and to compare the
efficacy of not only one agent, but also N-acetylcysteine,
theophylline, nifedipine and misoprostol in the prevention of RCIN in
subjects without renal insufficiency. Methods: We studied 97
non-diabetic patients without pre-existing renal insufficiency who
received 100 ml low osmolar CM, Iomeprol or Iopamidol. Patients were
randomized to five groups; Group S; only saline hydration (SH) used
control group, group N; SH plus N-acetylcysteine, group M; SH plus
misoprostol, Group N; SH plus nifedipine and Group T; SH plus
theophylline. Patients were treated for three days and received 2000 ml
saline i.v. each day. Serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were
measured before and three days after CM application. Results: We were
able to observe RCIN in four patients in group T and one patient in
group NAC. Serum creatinine level increased after administration of
radiocontrast agent in group M and T. Conclusion: We did not only
observe any no additional advantage in administration of
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), theophylline, nifedipine and misoprostol to SH
alone in the prevention of RCIN but also an adverse effect of
theophylline. Therefore, further studies with much more patients were
included are necessary.


The diffe rentiation between lung abscess and empye ll1a can be difficult, but has important lherapeutic consequences Thoracostomy tube drainage is essential therapy fo r an el1l pye l1la, whereas prolonged antibiotic therapy and postural drainage offen suffi ce for a lung abscess Conventional radiographic findings are usually rel ied on to help l1lake correct c1 ifferen tiation between el1l pye l1la and lung abscess, but overlying lung c1 isease or unfavorabl e location of les ion often results in ã ll1biguous find ings Al though ultrasound has proved usefu l in d ifferentialing ell1 pyel1la f roll1 lung abscess, CT is best accura te c1 iagnostic l1lethod Authors reviewecl chest CT of 10 cases (4 '1 el1l pye l1l as, 9 lung abscesses) \.vhich were d iagnosed by surgery 。 r c1 inical background during the pcriod fro ll1 May 1980 to June 198 0, at Dongsan M edical Center, Keil1l yung Univers ity The resul ts were as fo llows 1) Age and sex distribution a) El1l pye l1la: The incicl ence was 11l 0st comll1on in the 6th ancl 7th decades Male to female r a ti。 、.vas 3:1 b) Lung abscess: The incidence was 11l0Sl CO l1ll1lon in the Sth, 6th and 7th decades Ma le to fe l1lale ratio was 2:1 2) Wall characteri stics (empyell1a 32 cases, lung abscess 9 cases): The 9 cases of 41 el1l pyemas hacl not defin ecl their wa lls a) El1l pyel1la hacl at least a part of their \Vall that lVas th in (81 %), uniforl1l width (84%), and smooth on both l1largins (more than 96%) b) The 、써 11 of lung abscess 、vas thick (89%), irregula r lViclth (8900), ancl irregular l1largins (10006)


Several important developments have evolved in the supervision of cognitive therapists in the past few years. Five such developments are: (1) the conscious structuring of the supervision session to conform to the suggested structure of the therapy session; (2) increased emphasis on quickly and efficiently conceptualizing patients, refining the case formulation, using the conceptualization to plan treatment, and effectively communicating an accurate conceptualization to the patient; (3) emphasis on the importance of therapists using the same tools and techniques they recommend to patients; (4) a method of teaching therapists to plan treatment and identify problems through a series of questions they ask themselves before, during, and after therapy sessions; and (5) the refinement of a model of extramural supervision to train therapists who practice far from training centers. Future directions in the supervision of cognitive therapists include increased focus on the supervisory relationship, the creation of tools to assess the efficacy of supervision, and the development of methods to teach sophisticated cognitive approaches for different Axis I and Axis II disorders. Just as effective therapists flexibly vary their manner and techniques when dealing with patients, effective supervisors also vary their approach with supervisees in order to forg3 a strong supervisory alliance. (JBJ) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** 7-28-95 New Developments in the Supervision of Cognitive Therapists Judith S.Beck, Ph.D. Director, Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychology in Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Symposium Presented at the American Psychological Association, August 1995: Supervising Psychotherapy: New Developments, Advances, and Possibilities Perris (1994) notes the dearth of literature in the supervision of cognitive psychotherapy, aside from training issues discussed in the context of outcome studies by Shaw and colleagues (Shaw, 1984; Shaw & Wilson-Smith, 1988) and supervision in rational-emotive therapy ( Wessler & Ellis, 1980). Perris lists supervision goals (conceptualizing patients, establishing the therapeutic relationship, specifying therapeutic goals, selecting and implementing techniques to achieve these goals, determining whether goals have been met, and dealing with interpersonal reactions during therapy) and describes the approach he and his colleagues use in the supervision of cognitive therapists in Sweden. BEST COPY AVAILABLE Though as yet unstudied and unpublished, several important developments have evolved in the supervision of cognitive therapists in the past few years. One involves the process and technology of several of the goals listed above: teaching therapists to conceptualize patients more accurately and efficiently and to plan and carry out therapy more effectively. A second development is in different modalities. These innovations will PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY /542c-k TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).' U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Rcewc d EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI O This document has been reproduced as received from the person Of organrzatvyr originating O Mrnor changes have been made to 2 improve reproduction quality Points ot view or opinions staled in this document do not necessartly rpresent official OERI position or poky : ,


Photonic crystal fibers are typically all-silica optical fibers in which a pattern of air-holes running along their entire length [1]. Such fibers allow for the introduction of polymers (and other active materials such as liquid crystals, high index fluids, etc.) into the air regions yielding hybrid polymer/silica waveguides that allow enhanced tunability of guiding properties due to the strong temperature dependence of the polymer refractive index [2, 3]. In this work, we present a solid-core endlessly single mode (ESM) PCF infiltrated with PDMS elastomer conserving index-guiding mechanism. PDMS (poly-dimethylsiloxane) is a polymeric widely used material in optoelectronics (particularly in opto/microfluidics) with refractive index lower than silica (around 1.41). Normally, the temperature dependence of the refractive index is described by the thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT (− 4.5/°C for PDMS-Sylgard 184), which quantifies the shift of the refractive index arising from an infinitesimal change of the temperature. Here, we demonstrate the combination of a conventional PCF with the aforomentioned polymeric material and we show how the thermo-optic effect can act in a way to partially reconstruct the fundamental guiding mode highly attenuated by bending losses.


Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Nagoya University, Aichi 464-8602, Japan(Dated: April 30, 2013)Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) create a large squeezed-type non-Gaussianity in tensor pertur-bation, which generates non-Gaussian temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background(CMB). We for the first time derive an observational constraint on such tensor non-Gaussianity fromobserved CMB maps. Analyzing temperature maps of the WMAP 7-year data, we find such tensornon-Gaussianity is consistent with zero. This gives an upper bound on PMF strength smoothedon 1 Mpc as B


In this study, a longitudinal joint connection was proposed for the short-span slab-type modular bridges with rapid construction. The slab-type modular bridge consists of a number of precast slab modules and has the joint connection between the modules in the longitudinal direction of the bridge. A finite element based parameter analysis was conducted to design the shape and the dimensions of the longitudinal joint connection. Numbers of shear keys within the joint, height and depth of the shear key, tooth angle, and the spacing were considered as the design parameters. Using the local cracking load at the corner of the shear key and the cross-sectional area of the joint, an efficiency factor was proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the longitudinal joint connection. The dimensions of shear key were determined by comparing the cracking loads and the efficiency factors obtained from the finite element analysis.


Abstract Microcoprolites of Palaxius salataensis are non-skeletal carbonate grains produced by callianassid shrimps. This ichnospecies is recognized by four longitudinal canals arranged around a bilateral plane of symmetry, with crescent outline in cross-section. Palaxius salataensis has been previously reported from other countries and in strata from the late Paleozoic to the Mesozoic. In this study, we describe the first Aptian record of the ichnospecies, the first Cretaceous occurrence in North America, and the fifth occurrence worldwide. Palaxius salataensis was found in a packstone-grainstone with abundant pellets and common gastropod shell fragments and subangular, poorly sorted intraclasts. The paleoenvironment was characterized by shallow-waters with high energy conditions, occurring between fair-weather wave base and storm wave base, close to the platform margin, where well-oxygenated and nutrient-rich conditions predominated. The microcoprolite-rich bed of the La Huasteca Canyon occurs on top of an oolitic grainstone interval in the upper levels of the Cupido Formation, interpreted as the termination of the early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a). The presence of P. salataensis in the upper levels of the Cupido Formation is directly related to the availability of organic matter rather than to oxygen recovery.


This study explores the social and affective climate of online discussion groups through the concept of social presence. Previous research highlights the pedagogical value of social presence for online learning; however, relatively little is known about the teacher's role in facilitating social presence in an online discussion group. The present study hypothesises that teacher participation is directly related to the overall levels of social presence in online discussion. Thus, building on previous studies of social presence in online learning contexts, this study analyses social presence indicators in messages posted to an online discussion group by two cohorts of university students and their lecturer. While findings indicate a link between teacher participation and social presence, they also suggest that group size and student attitudes also influence social presence in online discussion. The study concludes with suggestions for future research to enhance knowledge and understanding of social presence and help educators to develop strategies for supporting online discussion.


Learning is commonly defined as a process combining cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring or enhancing changes in one's knowledge, skills, values, and world views. It comprises the way in which information is absorbed, processed, and retained. This process should be enforced through integrated Networked Learning. By this we refer to a process of developing, maintaining and integrating knowledge acquired in different lectures and the communication of this knowledge to the students. At the Management Center Innsbruck, Austria, this concept has successfully been implemented at the Bachelor program of Nonprofit, Social and Health Care Management three years ago by connecting three lectures and the respective lecturers in the field of "Scientific Work", "Project Management" and "Statistics". In line with the customary procedure as adopted in scientific tasks and research, the students have to elaborate a problem definition and a specific research question. An external partner from an organization or company is responsible for defining the specific practical problem to be solved. The didactical principles comprise different levels and forms of cooperation: between the lecturers, within the project team, among the project groups and lecturers, between the project groups and the external (practice-oriented) partner, between the lecturers and the external (practice-oriented) partner. The key method consists of learning in networks in combination with Experiential Learning, both in relation to others and to learning resources and has to be seen as an innovative approach of sustainable learning.


In this paper, we prove that in every 2-coloring of the set {1,? , N } =R?B, one can find at least N2/22 +O(N) monochromatic solutions of the equation x+y=z. This solves a problem of Graham et al. .


Seeds and one-year seedlings of Casuarina equisetifolia from 20 provenances were studied on weight per thousand seeds and seven characters(height,ground diameter,thickness of first order branches,length of first order branches,length of second order branches,nodes per branch,teeth),in order to investigate the morphology diversity of C.equisetifoliaand collect the base genetic information for early genetic selection of this specie.The results showed that:(1)highly significant variance of weight per thousand seeds could be both found between the provenances and the regions(P0.01),and the variation of weight per thousand seeds has shown significant geographic pattern.The weight per thousand seeds would decreased with the increment of longitude;(2)height and ground diameter have extremely significant different between regions and in region(P0.01),the provenance from Do Donggang Thailand has the best growthcondition,for height is 76.6cm,ground diameter is 4.64mm;while provenance from Tonga has the worst seedling growth,for height is 28.3cm,ground diameter is 2.58 mm;(3)highly significant difference of thickness of first order branches,length of first order branches,length of second order branches,nodes per branch and teeth could be found between regions and in region;of which,the coefficient variation between regions of teeth was maximum(82.15%);(4)path analysis results showed that length of first order branches has a significant effect on height,thickness of first order branches and length of second order branches have significant effect on ground diameter.These three traits could be used as reference factor for excellent variety selection of C.equisetifolia.


The ethnic conflict within last three decades can be considered as a conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). It is a conflict between majority; Sinhalese and minority; Tamils. More commonly it was known as the Tamil Tigers, the LTTE wants an independent state for the island's Tamil minority.It made path to conduct a huge civil war. The civil war has killed nearly seventy thousand people with various kinds of crimes and vulnerabilities. It was defeated in 2009 as a war. Majority Sinhalese speak Sinhala language and Tamils speak Tamil language for their day-to-day life. . Tamils specially live in Northern Province before few decades. But now they spread all over the country. The passage of the Sinhala-Only Act of 1956 was introduced and it was a turning point and a key event in SinhaleseTamil relations. It made various causes and consequences.Sinhala and Tamil are the two official languages of Sri Lanka now. English is considering as international language and the second language. It is spoken by approximately 10% of the population including Burgers and elite groups and upper middle class people. On the other hand it is widely used for education, scientific and commercial purposes. The research problem is whether the language is a vital root cause of the ethnic conflict. "What are the main roots of ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka?", "What is the modern history of the ethnic conflict between Tamil people and Sinhalese?" and "What are the possible solutions to overcome language gap between these two ethnic groups?" are the research questions. Objectives: To identify the main roots of ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and research currents solutions and its necessary changes. Methodology: The researcher has done a basic research; it is considered as a first stage of a descriptive analysis of an ethnic problem in Sri Lanka. In this first stage the researcher has done it using literature revive. These secondary data contained including government census data and previous research reports. There are internal and external sources in this issue. Especially south Indian support to Tamils and now a days it has European interference to conduct ethnic conflict too. There are main factors to arisen this as ethnic politics, education rights, language, land and other factors including employment. This ethnic problem has there dimensions as political view, international interference and armed intervention.There should be a balanced addressing for all elements including political, economic, social and cultural rights; when consider making ethnic relations in the country.


This paper reviews some of the RF IC design activities being undertaken by our group at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. Hardware results for fully monolithic 2.4 and 4-GHz oscillators, 0.9-2.4 GHz microwave switches and 900-MHz power amplifiers are discussed. The technology employed is a commercially available 0.8-/spl mu/m BiCMOS fabrication process without any modification.


From the Fisher's debt-deflation theory to Minsky's finance unstable hypothesis,the theories explained financial crisis in varying degrees.However,we must trace back to the expansion mechanism of the economic bubble if we want to understand the essence of the financial crisis thoroughly.At this moment, economic bubble develops into the typical bubble economy.The currency supply mechanism,the finance system change and foreign capital inflow play a key role in the course of this process.


Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is quivering or irregular heartbeat by which the two upper chambers of the heart (atria) get affected resulting in disruption of blood flow throughout the body. If left untreated, AF can lead to several heart-related complications. In this study, we propose a signal processing model to automatically detect AF from electrocardiogram (ECG) signal at a shorter duration (9 s) that will be useful for server-based applications, remote monitoring and automated detection of AF. The ECG data collected from 'CPSC-18 Challenge' have been preprocessed with FIR filter followed by the extraction of important features. RR interval (RRI) and RRI combined with mean RS ratio have particularly been found to be useful in detecting AF. Principal Component Analysis-Discriminant Analysis (PCA-DA) along with two other popular classifiers have been applied on the extracted features. The PCA-DA based approach had been superior in the detection of AF giving an accuracy of 97% with sensitivity and specificity both being 0.97. The proposed approach can be beneficial for noninvasive and faster screening of AF.


Background : Personal hygiene food handlers in food processing is very important because with the application of good hygiene can minimize the possibility of food contamination. The personal hygiene can be influenced by some factors, for instance knowledge and behaviors of food handlers. Lack of knowledge, inappropriate behaviors towards personal hygiene can be changed by giving the right information. Objective : This study aims to determine differences in knowledge of food handlers before and after counseling. Methods : This was a quasi-experimental one group pretest posttest design. The sample of this study was 18 food handlers in Patra Jasa Hotel selected by total sampling method. Knowledge data obtained from the total score from the correct answer in the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Wilcoxon test. Results : This study showed that the increases in knowledge of food handlers increased by 22%. Statistical analysis showed knowledge before and after nutrition extension (p = 0.001). Conclusions : there was difference in knowledge of food handlers before and after personal hygiene counseling.


The University of Caen in Normandy is the owner of a model of a Plan of Rome from the architect Paul Bigot representing the city under Constantine (4th century). This listed as a "historic monument". The researchers who work on this plan are designing a three-dimensional computerised model enabling visitors to "walk about" freely. The project to virtually recreate Ancient Rome combines archaeology and new technologies. The computer model can be modified with every new discovery of historical and archaeological sciences; it will show several chronological layers of Roman urbanism and it will have the added advantage that it can be consulted at a distance, in particular with the Internet resources.


Abstract Museum collections are critical resources for examination of comparative anatomy, developmental biology, and life history hypotheses. Skeletal collections provide insight into spatiotemporal, species, population, and individual variation associated with environmental, social, and epidemiological history. For endangered species such as great apes, these collections provide data that are nearly impossible to replicate today. In this second in a series of articles reviewing the great ape holdings of the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University, we describe the Gorilla gorilla skeletal collection, comprising 16 individuals: 13 males, 2 females, and 1 of indeterminate sex. Evidence of socioecology, interindividual violence, hunting, captive management, predation, senescence, and infectious disease are present within the skeletal material. The collection exhibits possible taxonomic diversity as well. Our evaluation of the Yale Peabody Museum collection provides a baseline for future research and testable hypotheses for alternate techniques, such as isotopic analyses of dental calculus and noninvasive genetic testing. Museum collections continue to provide new insights into taxonomic and individual variation and environmental context, and ultimately allow for comparisons between modern and historical environmental and behavioral variables.


We have previously demonstrated apo‐10′‐lycopenoid formation from lycopene cleavage by ferret carotene‐9′,10′‐monooxygenase (CMO) expressed in Cos‐1 cells and in ferrets (a model for human carotenoid metabolism) supplemented with lycopene in vivo, suggesting the oxidative cleavage of lycopene at its 9′,10′ double bond. In this report, we provide further information on the biochemical characterization of ferret CMO, in terms of the kinetic analysis for β‐carotene/lycopene cleavage into apo‐10′‐carotenoid/apo‐10′‐lycopenoid in vitro. The recombinant CMO of ferret was expressed from baculovirus‐infected Spodoptera frugiperda 9 insect cells and was confirmed by immunoblotting with a purified polyclonal antibody against N‐terminal amino acids of ferret CMO with the predicted molecular weight of 60 kDa. The kinetic analysis of ferret CMO showed that the CMO effectively cleaved both all‐trans β‐carotene and 5‐cis and 13‐cis‐isomers of lycopene at the 9′,10′ double bond to produce β‐apo‐10′‐carotenal and apo‐10′‐lycopenal, respectively, in a time‐, pH‐, protein‐ and substrate dose‐dependant manner. Only trace amounts of apo‐10′‐lycopenal were detected when all‐trans lycopene was incubated as substrate. The Km of ferret CMO for β‐carotene and lycopene isomers (containing ~20% as cis isomers) was 3.5±1.1 mM and 4.6±1.1 mM, respectively. Iron, but not NAD or DTT, was an essential co‐factor for the reaction. In summary, these data suggest that ferret CMO preferentially cleaves cis‐isomers of lycopene into apo‐10′‐lycopenal, but not all‐trans lycopene. Our finding of preferential bioconversion of cis‐isomers of lycopene into apo‐10′‐lycopenoids by CMO is significant because cis‐isomers of lycopene are a predominant form of lycopene in mammalian tissue.


The N2 laser microbeam is irradiated on the nuclei of the callus cell of Tabacco leaf by varying the power density of the laser light in the range from 2.8×1012 to 2.7×1013 W/m2. It is found that the does action curve clearly depends on the peak power, indicating that two photon absorption process plays an important role in the leathal effect. The details of the design and the construction of the N2 laser microbeam system are also presented.


The primary challenges for simulating a turbulent flow over a micro‐structured surface arise from the two hugely disparate spatial length scales. For fluid–solid coupled conjugate heat transfer (CHT), there is also a time‐scale disparity. The present work addresses the scale disparities based on a two‐scale framework. For the spatial scale disparity, a dual meshing is employed to couple a global coarse‐mesh domain with local fine‐mesh blocks around micro‐structures through source terms generated from the local fine‐mesh and propagated to the global coarse‐mesh domain. The convergence and robustness of the source terms driven coarse‐mesh solution is enhanced by a balanced eddy‐viscosity damping. In this work, the two‐scale method previously developed only for a fluid‐domain is extended to a solid domain so that thermal conduction around micro‐elements can now be resolved accurately and efficiently. The fluid–solid timescale disparity is dealt with by a frequency domain approach. The time‐averaged (zeroth harmonic) is effectively obtained in the same way as steady CHT. And remarkably, wall temperature unsteadiness can be simply obtained from the fluid temperature harmonics through a wall fluid–solid temperature harmonic transfer‐function at minimal computational cost. The developed CHT capability is validated for an experimental internal cooling channel with multiple surface rib‐elements. For a test configuration with 100 micro‐structures, the fluid domain‐only, the solid domain‐only and the fluid–solid coupled CHT solutions are analyzed respectively to examine and demonstrate the validity of the present framework and implementation methods. Some of the results also serve to illustrate the primary underlying working of the methodology.


According to the social exchange model of perceived organizational support (Eisenherger, Htmtingtrm, Hutchison. & Sowa. I9fi6) employees exchange their loyalty and effort for material and .social rewards from the organization. Employees' perceptions of support from the organization serve as the link between actions taken hy the organization and actions taken by the employee. Surveys measuring employees' perceptions of the organization's actions (i.e., role ambiguity, role conflict, decision centralization. supervi,wr consideration, and participation in decision making) were administered to a sample of 205 members of the faculty and staff of a large western state universit\. Path analysis provided results that were consistent with the social exchange model. Employees' perceptions of the organization's actions had direct effects on their perceptions of support from their supervisors, management and the organization, but did not have direct effects on their commitment to the organization. Consistent with the social exchange model, only employees' perceptions of support from the organization had direct ^effects on their commitment to the organization. Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, and Sowa (1986) proposed that employees' commitment to their organization is based, in part, on their perception of the organization's commitment to them. This built on Blau's (1964) description of social exchange as an opwn-ended stream of transactions that result in diffuse and unspecified obligations on the part of both parties involved in social interaction. The organization's commitment to its employees was conceptualized as the employees' perceptions of support from the organization (i.e., perceived organizational support). Several studies have reported that employees with high levels of perceived organizational support are absent less often and are more conscientious about carrying out their work responsibilities than are employees with low levels of perceived organizational support (Eisenberger etal., 1986; Eisenberger, Fasolo,&Davis-LaMastro, 1990). Author's Note: t would like lo thank Martin Chemers, H. Kandy Rohde. and Rick Crandall for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article.


Growth differentiation factor-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor-superfamily.It was originally identified as molecule important for regulating development,differentiation,and tissue repair in various organs.Recently,it was demonstrated that growth differentiation factor-15 levels are elevated and associated with cardiovascular disease.It was indicated that growth differentiation factor-15 is a promising cardioprotective agent against acute coronary syndrome and heart failure.


A mathematical analysis is presented for several simple dynamical systems that might be considered as crude descriptions for the situation when an immune system retrovirus, immune cells, and normal autonomously replicating pathogens interact. By stability analysis of the steady-state solutions, the destabilizing effect of the immune system retrovirus is described. The qualitative behavior of the solutions depending on the system parameters is analyzed in terms of trajectories moving in a phase space in which the axes are defined by the population numbers of the interacting biological entities.


Micro-RNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Generally, they act on gene expression by silencing or degrading mRNAs, and are involved in regulating various biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and in embryonic and tissue development. They are currently a major focus of interest in the study of various diseases such as cancer or type 2 diabetes mellitus. At level of bone metabolism, various miRs are emerging that are involved in their regulation, opening an important research field to identify new biomarkers for diagnosis of osteoporosis and its development, and to design new drug therapies.


A generalization of quantum mechanics is given in which the central mathematical concept is the analogue of the action in classical mechanics. It is therefore applicable to mechanical systems whose equations of motion cannot be put into Hamiltonian form. It is only required that some form of least action principle be available. It is shown that if the action is the time integral of a function of velocity and position (that is, if a Lagrangian exists), the generalization reduces to the usual form of quantum mechanics. In the classical limit, the quantum equations go over into the corresponding classical ones, with the same action function. As a special problem, because of its application to electrodynamics, and because the results serve as a confirmation of the proposed generalization, the interaction of two systems through the agency of an intermediate harmonic oscillator is discussed in detail. It is shown that in quantum mechanics, just as in classical mechanics, under certain circumstances the oscillator can be completely eliminated, its place being taken by a direct, but, in general, not instantaneous, interaction between the two systems. The work is non-relativistic throughout.


Ultrafast laser filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) is a potential technique for quantitative analysis of trace elements. In this work, we investigate the effect of the distance between focusing lens and target surface on the FIBS quantitative analysis of Mn element in aluminum alloys, and several major parameters are calculated such as the linear correlation coefficient (R 2), limits of detection (LOD), relative standard deviation (RSD), and root-mean-square error of cross-validations (RMSECV). The results show that the quantitative analysis parameter values before and after filament position are different. The optimal value can be obtained at the filament region, the average values of total 23 positions of R 2, LOD, RSD, and RMAECV were 99.45%, 1.41 mg/kg, 7.12%, and 0.56%, respectively. Besides, the spatial distributions of quantitative analysis parameter values in filament region are noticeable, and this is essentially due to intensity clamping effect in a filament.


A modified form of Carey'ls method for predicting the heat transfer to a turbulent falling film is presented. The new model is successfully tested against experimental data as well as other models. This method utilizes an optimization technique along with the Rombcrg integration to determine two universal constants for the modified turbulent diffusivisity model. The results show that in spite of its relative simplicity, the new model is a fairly accurate one, having an overall average error of less than 9%.


The complexity of reliability analysis in Microgrids with distributed generation requires new analyses and methods which take into account the modes of distributed generation operation. Such method is presented in this paper.


A stable genetically modified recombinant anthrax antigen containing 3rd and 4th Bacillus anthracis protective antigen domains has been obtained. Complexes of this antigen with structurally modified plant virus particles are a perspective basis for a new generation anthrax vaccine development.


We propose a new cluster labelling algorithm as a tool for computer-aided simulation in the field of percolation theory. Due to the use of recursivity, the basic labelling algorithm only needs a few lines of code, and performs at least as well as the Hoshen-Kopelman algorithm with the small lattices that can be stored in the computer memory. Additionally, it can be extended to label the clusters, compute cluster parameters and check for percolation in a single pass over the lattice. We also detail how to deal with lattice dimensions higher than two or with lattices without complete connectivity. Huge lattices, which cannot be stored as a whole in the computer's memory, require a slight modification that permits the labelling by sublattices. In this case, a cluster association technique similar to that proposed by Hoshen and Kopelman is necessary. Nevertheless, the proposed algorithm is capable of labelling lattices of virtually any size, no matter what the memory capacity of the machine, because it does not require an entire line or hyperplane of the whole lattice to be in memory. It is only limited by the storage capacity of the devices attached to the machine. If what is needed is just percolation checking, the storage requirements are very low and processing times decrease, using the `percolation finders' suggested. Listings of C programs are available in the online edition.


This study is aimed to analyze the factors affecting tourist transportation preference in Bromo Mountain. Using linear logistic model on 100 respondents including domestic and international tourist, this study divided into three kind of transportation that is used in Bromo, including on foot, horse and car/jeep. Gender, type of tourist, and occupation are significant to choose on foot as the transportation. Besides, ages, type of tourist, occupation, and purposes is significant to choose horse as the transportation. On the other hand, gender, ages, occupation and purposes are significant to choose car as the transportation. Keywords: Tourist transportation preference, bromo


AbstractUltraviolet photoelectron spectra have been measured of a Cs-perylene complex prepared by Cs-exposure of perylene. The observed spectral features of the perylene anion could not be explained by the rigid band picture used previously for this kind of compound. Instead, a localized picture gives a reasonable explanation, in which the features are examined with the reported energies of the singlet and triplet excited states and the MO calculation of neutral perylene. It is shown that this kind of measurements performed on anions can be used as a technique of probing the triplet states of a neutral molecule.


This paper describes the development of a distance control assist system with an active accelerator pedal and a deceleration control. This system was developed for the purpose of assisting a driver to maintain a safe following distance behind a lead vehicle. In this system, if the host vehicle driver is depressing the accelerator pedal, the system helps the driver let up on the accelerator by generating force to push the pedal upward. Depending on the proximity to the vehicle ahead, the system changes the sensitivity of the engine to the driver's accelerator inputs, making it easier for the driver to discern the pedal reactive force. In addition, the system may apply the brakes smoothly to decelerate the host vehicle, depending on the following distance, relative velocity and other factors at the time the driver releases the accelerator pedal. In a situation where the host vehicle approaches closer to the vehicle ahead and the driver is depressing the accelerator pedal, the system sounds a buzzer and flashes a message on the instrument panel urging the driver to be careful. The authors report on field tests that were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this system. Results demonstrated that frequency and magnitude of deceleration by the driver were decreased, and, from the characteristics of TTC (Time to Collision) distribution, frequency of closing situations were decreased. The authors hypothesize that this result that might contribute to the reduction of necessary brake action by the driver. The AWWL (Adapted Weighted Workload) score on the NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) and the salivary amylase activity score were also analyzed and the results showed a decrease in the driver's workload by using the system.


MAESTRO (Monitoring Assessment and Evaluation of Transport Policy Options in Europe) is a 21-month project funded by DG TREN, the Transport and Energy Directorate of the European Commission. The project began in January 1998 and was completed towards the end of 1999. The purpose of the project was to develop a common framework and methodology for the selection, design and evaluation of pilot and demonstration projects within the specific research programme on transport. As a starting point for the MAESTRO project, a detailed review of state of the art work in the field of transport evaluation was undertaken, taking account of existing trans-national, national and local appraisal frameworks and methodologies. This analysis revealed that guidelines tended to concentrate on specific stages and processes within a project. It was discovered that no comprehensive guidelines existed to provide practical assistance throughout the entire lifecycle of a pilot or demonstration project. The role of MAESTRO, drawing on the best practice examples gleaned from the review, was to bridge the evaluation gap by producing a set of guidelines which would be applicable at all stages throughout the lifecycle of a demonstration project. The Consortium, a strong team of evaluation experts from across Europe, brought a wealth of expertise to the project, to ensure that the final product is based on best practice from all the member countries. The Consortium are in agreement that the key output from the project, the MAESTRO Guidelines, provide a comprehensive evaluation framework and are the first guidelines that are readily applicable at all stages of a project lifecycle. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E107082.


Aim/Purpose: Two popular methods for encouraging active learning are Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Field Trips (VFTs). This exploratory case study examines college students' perceptions of a prototype AR and VFT app as an active learning strategy.

Background: AR allows students to learn as they physically explore a destination, while VFTs give students the opportunity to visit exciting destinations without leaving their homes. AR and VFTs promote active learning, which has been shown to increase college student success in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) courses. The aim of the VFT app in this study is to provide college students in a STEM course with an interactive lesson on modeling information systems using diagrams.

Methodology: This exploratory case study is intended to serve as a condensed case study performed with the prototype version of a VFT app before implementing a large-scale investigation of students' perceptions of a more refined version of the app. The study employed a qualitative approach involving a survey with open-ended questions to gather college students' perceptions of learning with a VFT. The data were analyzed using inductive coding. The participants are students at a mid-sized, urban, public university.

Contribution: This exploratory case study serves as a proof-of-concept and starting point for other faculty who may be interested in developing their own AR and VFT apps to engage students in active learning. Releasing the app to a common Open Educational Resources (OER) repository will give other faculty easy access to re-use the app and build upon it to create their own virtual field trips. OER are learning materials that are freely available for students and faculty to download and use in their coursework.

Findings: Students overwhelmingly perceived the VFT app helped them learn about the subject that was presented, citing the visual nature of the app, the real-life scenarios presented in the app, and the app's ease of use as reasons why. The majority (over 89%) also agreed that the app motivated them to learn more about the subject, mainly due to the app's real-life scenarios, and over 83% of students cited at least one benefit to learning with the app, such as the navigation/location features, the easy-to-use interface, and the real-world scenarios.

Recommendations for Practitioners: The pedagogical implications of this study are that faculty should adopt VFTs as an active learning strategy, particularly in STEM college courses, based on the students' positive perceptions of learning, motivation, and benefits of VFTs.

Recommendations for Researchers: Researchers can expand on this exploratory case study by conducting a larger-scale study of the VFT app employed in the case study, or by developing their own VFT app based on the one in this study, to capture a broader group of students' perceptions of VFTs as an active learning strategy.

Impact on Society: The broad impact of this research on society is encouraging the adoption of VFTs as an active learning strategy since active learning strategies are shown to increase college students' success and engagement.

Future Research: Future research will be conducted in subsequent terms to gather additional data on students' perceptions of the VFT app, as well as their perceptions of the relationship between learning and the VFT technology. Further research is also needed to survey faculty on their perceptions of how engaging with the app impacts student learning, particularly in regards to the VFT technology within the app.


A comprehensive reference guide to English literature. Detailed entries cover subjects from "Paradise Lost" to St Cecilia, and cross-references guide the reader between the sections. It also contains biographies and assessments of writers, thinkers, essayists and critics.


Hodgkin lymphoma, even in advanced‐stage, is a highly curable malignancy, but treatment is associated with short‐term toxicity and long‐term side effects. Early predictive markers are required to identify those patients who do not require the full‐length standard therapy (and thus qualify for therapy de‐escalation) and those patients who will not be cured by standard therapy (and thus qualify for therapy escalation). Multiple trials have assessed the value of 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) after a few cycles of chemotherapy (also known as 'interim FDG‐PET') in predicting outcome in advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, multiple interim FDG‐PET‐adapted trials, in which patients with positive interim FDG‐PET scans are assigned to escalated therapies, and patients with negative interim FDG‐PET scans are assigned to de‐escalated therapies, have recently been published or are currently ongoing, with generally heterogeneous results. The present article reports the currently available evidence (and controversies) on the prognostic value of interim FDG‐PET in advanced‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with positive and negative interim FDG‐PET findings following continuation of standard chemotherapy or escalated/de‐escalated therapy.


Cancer is a prominent cause of death that places a significant financial strain on the healthcare system. Because of its prevalence, there is unquestionably unmet need for new chemotherapeutics. Atypical activation and deregulation of the wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway are considered one of the major causes of various types of carcinomas. This receptor activation is directly correlated with the activation of β-catenin and β-catenin-dependent transcription. In the modern era of drug development, natural compounds have shown to be an unrivaled source of anticancer medications. Herbal compounds have been identified as potent β -catenin signaling inhibitors, mainly by their downregulation, modulating its phosphorylation, increasing ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction, blocking nuclear translocation, or other molecular mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that these natural product inhibitors can prevent and treat cancer in a variety of cancer models. Natural products have the potential to be promising novel molecules for cancer treatment, making them an essential topic of study. The importance of natural products in blocking the numerous signaling pathways that promote carcinogenesis is explored in this review, paving the way for developing and discovering anticancer medicines.


The Desirability Index (DI) is a widely used method for multicriteria optimization in industrial quality control, by which optimal levels of the process influencing factors are determined in order to archieve maximum process quality. In practice however situations may occur in which slight changes of these factor levels lead to lower production costs or to facilitation of the production process and therefore would be preferred. In this paper an innovative approach for measuring the effect of these changes on the DI based on its distribution is introduced.


THE PURPOSE of this paper is to establish further the usefulness of hyaluronidase, a relatively new agent in facilitating administration of fluids in pediatric practice, and to present results of numerous studies on toxicity performed to insure the relative safety of alidase,® 1 the commercial hyaluronidase product used in this clinical investigation. Duran-Reynals 2 and McClean 3 were the first to note a spreading factor, hyaluronidase, present in testicular extract aiding spread of subcutaneously injected dye and fluid. This factor has since been obtained from many sources, including snake venom, leech, spider and bee extract, spermatozoa, some carcinomas and many bacteria. Chain and Duthie 4 identified the spreading factor as a mucolytic enzyme which acts on hyaluronic acid, 5 a mucopolysaccharide which in its native form is a gel or mucin clot not bound to protein. By use of histochemical methods such as metachromic reactions of certain dyes, acid mucopolysaccharides


Applicability of Land-based MMS(Mobile Mapping System) having been increased gradually as digitalization of administrative operation and construction of integrated systems of the government and provincial government are growing up. As these requirements, the case can be occurred that the facilities should be surveyed rapidly in the specific area. At this case, the real time field processing method is more necessary than the post processing method and data processing speed should be an essential element as important as accuracy. In this study, the two space intersection methods used in photogrammetry were programmed and compared with each other to select more proper method for the three dimensional positioning in the field processing. Especially, at the analytic space intersection, the traditional close range terrestrial photogrammetry was modified and applied to that to adapt to MMS's characteristics that camera position and attitude are changed according to the vehicle movement. As a result, the difference of the accuracy between two methods is not significant but at the calculation time, the analytic space intersection is faster three times than the space intersection using collinearity condition.


3058Background: Several previously published scores prognosticate survival for pts treated in cytotoxic and molecularly targeted P1 trials. IO is rapidly evolving in early drug development with uni...


15 adult German shepherd dogs were studied with a help of 7 tests on various behaviour patterns. The experimental animals were tested twice, before and after special object-oriented play exercises. The purpose of a three months' training was to develop the dogs. retrieval and searching abilities as well as self-confidence in various situations. The results showed that the dogs, human-isolated in the juvenile period, were incapable of playing a joint object-oriented game with the man, and a real bond between the animals and their masters could not be established in adulthood. In strange situations, besides, those dogs expressed unconfident and 'wild-like' behaviour, which could not be beneficially influenced by training in adulthood. A group of the dogs that had had enough human contacts in the juvenile period was studied. Their retrieval, searching abilities and confident behaviour in strange situations significantly improved after purposeful and intensive play exercises. In addition, according to the obt...


In this work, we implemented a fatigue detection system using machine learning and evaluated its performance. The proposed system is mainly based on the Viola-Jones face detection algorithm and the convolutional neural network (CNN). Viola-Jones object detection framework is mainly focused on the detection of the face and facial features. CNN is extended to DenseNets and made fully convolution to tackle the problem semantic image segmentation. The main idea behind the DenseNets is to capture the dense blocks that perform iterative concatenation of feature maps. The proposed system is implemented on many different video sequences and observed that its average accuracy is 99.18% and the detection rate is 99.71% out of approximately 100 image frames. The system shows high accuracy in segmentation, low error rate, and quick processing of input data distinguishes from the existing similar systems. Finally, if this system is implemented, it can minimize the number of accidents caused by drivers' fatigue.


This study has the objective to demonstrate the applicability of landscape metric analysis undertaken in fragments of urban land use. More specifically, it focuses in low vegetation cover, arboreal and shrubbery vegetation and their distribution on land use. Differences of vegetation cover in dense urban areas are explained. It also discusses briefly the state-of-the-art Landscape Ecology and landscape metrics. It develops, as an example, a case study in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. For this study, it selects the use of the area's metrics, the relation between area, perimeter, core, and circumscribed circle. From this analysis, this paper proposes the definition of priority areas for conservation, urban parks, free spaces of common land, linear parks and green corridors. It is demonstrated that, in order to design urban landscape, studies of two-dimension landscape representations are still interesting, but should consider the systemic relation between different factors related to shape and land use.


In any reaction mixture in which the prothrombinase can assemble, factor Xa can distribute between four enzymatic species, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Of these, the full prothrombinase has by far the greatest enzymatic activity. When a significant fraction of available factor Xa (>I%) is present in this complex, the activities of the remaining species can be ignored. Most of the equilibrium constants for formation of the species illustrated in Fig. 1 have been measured under a variety of conditions. Our approach to the problem of defining the properties of the fully assembled prothrombinase has been to calculate the fraction of factor Xa present in this species and then to correct observed activities by this fraction (see Table I1 under "Results" of accompanying paper (Pei et al. (1993)). Alternatively, it was possible to calculate the initial rate of thrombin generation a t any phospholipid concentration (e.g. to simulate the data in Fig. 2 of accompanying paper (Pei et al., 1993)) from the calculated concentration of fully assembled prothrombinase (Xa. Va. PL)' and the kinetic constants for this enzyme species. The calculations of equilibrium distributions of enzyme species are described in detail below.


Key messages: Retirement pensions are earned over several decades of working life, thus reflecting levels of pay, periods of unemployment and working conditions in general. Pensions, including the retirement age, are a national competence. Raising the effective retirement age should be integrated in a coherent strive for a good working life for all: occupational health and safety, decent working conditions, access to life-long education and training and quality employment contracts that give rise to pension entitlements. We acknowledge that increased life expectancy must lead to higher effective retirement age, but legal retirement age must not be automatically linked to average life expectancy. Exposure to arduous working conditions must be taken into account. State pensions (first pillar pensions) that cover all should be strengthened, with public financing, based on solidarity between groups and solidarity between generations. Occupational pensions (second pillar pensions), based on collective bargaining, should be promoted. Private pensions savings (third pillar pensions) cannot be seen as an alternative to the first and second pillar pensions.


In this paper the estimation of various gas dynamics factors influence on the silicon chemical vapour deposition process in the open chloride system and on the growth rate of the microand nanodimensional silicon whiskers is carry out. The obtained results on diffusion regime of crystallization of silicon microand nanodimensional whiskers growth in the research conditions are indicate


In this paper a modified Offset Min-Sum decoding algorithm for Low-Density Parity Check Codes is presented. In this modified algorithm, the offset factor in the original Offset Min-Sum algorithm is adjusted iteratively with the assistance of the check-node computation outputs of the Normalized Min-Sum algorithm. As a result, the offset factor in our modified algorithm can be calculated adaptively and more efficiently according to the previous decoding procedure, which can minimize the decoding degradation compared with the Belief Propagation decoding algorithm. The simulation results show that, compared with the original Offset Min-Sum decoding algorithm, our modified algorithm can achieve noticeable performance improvement with minor extra hardware complexity. For example, when BER is 10−5, our algorithm can achieve 0.1dB and 0.2dB decoding gain over Offset Min-Sum algorithm for regular and irregular LDPC codes respectively.


Researchers have made considerable research on the aggressive relation among stock prices and exchange rates in the past. The linkage has grasped the intentions of researchers at the time of 1977-78 crises, worldwide financial crunch 2001-2002 and in 2007. The subject is also critical from the perspective of a modern large amounts of funds transfer across different country borders. This study explored the relationship among the stock prices and exchange rates of G20 countries over the period of 2005- 2019, investigated daily nominal exchange rates of G20 countries in US dollar and daily values of all G20 stock exchanges. Johansen's strategy adapted to check for the prices and exchange rates. Granger causality test applied to check causal relation among the stock prices and exchange rates of G20 countries. The results demonstrate that among various countries there is a causal relationship and between some countries, there is no such kind of relationship.


The high level teachers' team construction is the top priority of the research university talents cultivation,is the important support strength of the career development of the university,and is the motive power of university innovation.Lanzhou University,which facing the adverse factors of region,environment and other factors,has long attached great importance to the construction work of teachers team,gone through a teacher team construction path of "stabilizing team,building team,improving the quality",and lay the foundation for the reform of talent cultivation mode and cultivation of innovative talents.


The most exam-focused CompTIA Linux+ study guide available

This fully integrated study system delivers trusted and up-to-date coverage of the newly revised CompTIA Linux+ certification exam. Featuring more than 200 review questions, step-by-step exercises, and in-depth explanations, this is the only study guide to include platform-independent practice exams. The CD-ROM contains sample questions, video training, and more.

Table of contents
Chapter 1: Introducing Linux
Chapter 2: Working with PC Hardware
Chapter 3: Working with PC Hardware
Chapter 4: Getting Help
Chapter 5: Using Linux Text Editors
Chapter 6: Managing the Linux File System
Chapter 7: Working with Linux Users and Groups
Chapter 8: Installing and Managing Software on Linux
Chapter 9: Using the Linux Shell
Chapter 10: Managing Linux Processes and Services
Chapter 11: Managing the Linux Boot Process
Chapter 12: Configuring Hardware
Chapter 13: Configuring Network Boards
Chapter 14: Configuring Linux Network Services
Chapter 15: Configuring Linux Security
Chapter 16: Documenting and Troubleshooting the System
Glossary
About the CD
Index


Vetiver grass (Vetiveriazizanioides L. Nash) is one of the oil-producing plants essential. Tissue culture is one of the way to increase the availability of superior seeds of vetiver (Vetiveriazizanioides L. experiment was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Garut University from July to August 2020. This experiment used a Factorial Complete Randomized Design consisting of two factors, the first factor is NAA (N) with three levels of concentration, n1 =0, 5 mg / l, n2 = 1,5 mg/l, n3 = 2,5 mg/l varieties Verina 1. The purpose of this study was to obtain independent interactions and effects between Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Benzyl Amino Purine(BAP) on the micropropagation of vetiver plants (Vetiveriazizanioides L. Nash) variety Verina 1for 30 DAP. This 5 mg / l, n3 = 2.5 mg / l. The second factor is BAP (B) with two levels of concentration, b1 = 0.5 mg / l, b2 = 3 mg / l. The observed variables are: root emergence time, root number, callus appearance time, callus number, callus color and growth percentage. The results showed that there was no interaction between NAA and BAP, but there was an independent influence on the observed parameters of root emergence time, number of roots, callus appearance time and number of callus. The best concentration of NAA is 0.5 mg / l. The percentage of growth shows the yield of growth that is 100%.


: When modeling multivariate phenomena, properly capturing the joint extremal behavior is often one of the many concerns. Archimax copulas appear as successful candidates in case of asymptotic dependence. In this paper, the class of Archimax copulas is extended via their stochastic representation to a clustered construction. These clustered Archimax cop- ulas are characterized by a partition of the random variables into groups linked by a radial copula; each cluster is Archimax and therefore defined by its own Archimedean generator and stable tail dependence function. The proposed extension allows for both asymptotic dependence and indepen- dence between the clusters, a property which is sought, for example, in applications in environmental sciences and finance. The model also inher- its from the ability of Archimax copulas to capture dependence between variables at pre-extreme levels. The asymptotic behavior of the model is established, leading to a rich class of stable tail dependence functions.


Land cover and land management (LCLM) changes are important sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, constituting about 10% of current annual CO2 emissions, or about one third of cumulative emissions over the industrial era. However, simulations with Earth system models (ESMs) show a large range of CO2 emissions from LCLM. Several reasons for the divergence in estimates have been identified, in particular differences in simulated biomass and soil carbon stocks, and if and which land management practices are included in models. The divergence of model estimates is particularly worrisome since LCLM practices are discussed as key mitigation tools or “negative emission technologies” to reach the temperature goals of Paris Agreement. In the LAMACLIMA project (land management for climate mitigation and adaptation) we therefore conduct a detailed analysis of several LCLM practices across three ESMs to improve our understanding about model uncertainties. The present study aims to quantify the effects of forest cover changes and wood harvesting on the global carbon cycle, globally important LCLM practices with relevance also for physical climate and economic production.

We conduct idealized global experiments of deforestation, afforestation and wood harvesting over a 150-year simulation period under present climate. All forcings (solar, trace gases, aerosols) are held constant at present-day levels to isolate the climatic effects from different LCLM scenarios on the carbon cycle. All experiments are conducted by three different Earth system models (MPI-ESM, EC-EARTH and CESM) to quantify inter-model uncertainty and potentially uncover specific model biases. The analysis focuses on the transient response of carbon fluxes after the LCLM practice is in order to unravel model differences concerning temporal dynamics of LCLM effects and to show how quickly signals emerge that could potentially mitigate climate change.

With this research, we will provide a deeper understanding about simulated LCLM effects on the carbon cycle and also report model uncertainties. Together with parallel efforts to quantify biogeophysical effects of LCLM, our study will also lead to assess the overall potential of LCLM as a means for land-based climate mitigation.


The effect of several viscosity stabilizers(hydroxylamine hydrochloride,hydroxylammonium sulphate,hydrazine dihydrochloride,hydrazine sulfate,hydrazine hydrate,semicarbazide hydrochloride,aniline) on the Mooney viscosity of NR prepared by biological coagulation technology during storage at room temperature were studied by adding viscosity stabilizers into fresh latex.The results showed that the constant viscosity natural rubber with low-viscosity obtained when the dosage of hydroxylamine hydrochloride,or hydroxylammonium sulphate was 0.05%(relative to the weight of NR).And the constant viscosity natural rubber with medium or high viscosity was obtained when the dosage of hydrazine hydrate was 0.20%~0.30%.The constant viscosity natural rubber will has medium viscosity in case of the dosage of semicarbazide hydrochloride is 0.05% and the constant viscosity natural rubber had low-viscosity with the dosage being 0.10%~0.20%.The constant viscosity natural rubber had medium viscosity if the dosage of aniline was 0.01%~0.03%,and the constant viscosity natural rubber had high viscosity if the dosage of aniline was 0.05%~0.20%.The viscosity of natural rubber was high and unstable when adding hydrazine sulfate or hydrazine dihydrochloride into fresh latex.


Learning and immunity are two adaptive traits with roles in central aspects of an organism's life: learning allows adjusting behaviours in changing environments, while immunity protects the body integrity against parasites and pathogens. While we know a lot about how these two traits interact in vertebrates, the interactions between learning and immunity remain poorly explored in insects. During my PhD, I studied three possible ways in which these two traits interact in the model system Drosophila melanogaster, a model organism in the study of learning and in the study of immunity.
Learning can affect the behavioural defences against parasites and pathogens through the acquisition of new aversions for contaminated food for instance. This type of learning relies on the ability to associate a food-related cue with the visceral sickness following ingestion of contaminated food. Despite its potential implication in infection prevention, the existence of pathogen avoidance learning has been rarely explored in invertebrates. In a first part of my PhD, I tested whether D. melanogaster, which feed on food enriched in microorganisms, innately avoid the orally-acquired 'novel' virulent pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila, and whether it can learn to avoid it. Although flies did not innately avoid this pathogen, they decreased their preference for contaminated food over time, suggesting the existence of a form of learning based likely on infection-induced sickness. I further found that flies may be able to learn to avoid an odorant which was previously associated with the pathogen, but this requires confirmation with additional data. If this is confirmed, this would be the first time, to my knowledge, that pathogen avoidance learning is reported in an insect.
The detrimental effect of infection on cognition and more specifically on learning ability is well documented in vertebrates and in social insects. While the underlying mechanisms are described in detail in vertebrates, experimental investigations are lacking in invertebrates. In a second part of my PhD, I tested the effect of an oral infection with natural pathogens on associative learning of D. melanogaster. By contrast with previous studies in insects, I found that flies orally infected with the virulent P. entomophila learned better the association of an odorant with mechanical shock than uninfected flies. The effect seems to be specific to a gut infection, and so far I have not been able to draw conclusions on the respective contributions of the pathogen's virulence and of the flies' immune activity in this effect. Interestingly, infected flies may display an increased sensitivity to physical pain. If the learning improvement observed in infected flies was due partially to the activity of the immune system, my results would suggest the existence of physiological connections between the immune system and the nervous system. The basis of these connections would then need to be addressed.
Learning and immunity are linked at the physiological level in social insects. Physiological links between traits often result from the expression of genetic links between these traits. However, in social insects, there is no evidence that learning and immunity may be involved in an evolutionary trade-off. I previously reported a positive effect of infection on learning in D. melanogaster. This might suggest that a positive genetic link could exist between learning and immunity. We tested this hypothesis with two approaches: the diallel cross design with inbred lines, and the isofemale lines design. The two approaches provided consistent results: we found no additive genetic correlation between learning and resistance to infection with the diallel cross, and no genetic correlation in flies which are not yet adapted to laboratory conditions in isofemale lines. Consistently with the literature, the two studies suggested that the positive effect of infection on learning I observed might not be reflected by a positive evolutionary link between learning and immunity. Nevertheless, the existence of complex genetic relationships between the two traits cannot be excluded.
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L'apprentissage et l'immunite sont deux caracteres a valeur adaptative impliques dans des aspects centraux de la vie d'un organisme : l'apprentissage permet d'ajuster les comportements pour faire face aux changements de l'environnement, tandis que l'immunite protege l'integrite corporelle contre les attaques des parasites et des pathogenes. Alors que les interactions entre l'apprentissage et l'immunite sont bien documentees chez les vertebres, ces interactions ont ete tres peu etudiees chez les insectes. Pendant ma these, je me suis interessee a trois aspects des interactions possibles entre l'apprentissage et l'immunite chez la mouche du vinaigre Drosophila melanogaster, qui est un organisme modele dans l'etude a la fois de l'apprentissage et de l'immunite.
L'apprentissage peut affecter les defenses comportementales contre les parasites et les pathogenes par l'acquisition de nouvelles aversions pour la nourriture contaminee par exemple. Ce type d'apprentissage repose sur la capacite a associer une caracteristique de la nourriture avec la maladie qui suit l'ingestion de cette nourriture. Malgre les implications potentielles pour la prevention des infections, l'evitement appris des pathogenes a ete rarement etudie chez les invertebres. Dans une premiere partie de ma these, j'ai teste si les mouches, qui se nourrissent sur des milieux enrichis en micro-organismes, evitent de facon innee un 'nouveau' pathogene virulent Pseudomonas entomophila, et si elles ont la capacite d'apprendre a l'eviter. Bien que les mouches ne montrent pas d'evitement inne pour ce pathogene, elles diminuent leur preference pour de la nourriture contaminee dans le temps, suggerant l'existence d'une forme d'apprentissage basee vraisemblablement sur la maladie generee par l'infection. J'ai ensuite observe que les mouches semblent etre capables d'apprendre a eviter une odeur qui etait au prealable associee avec ce pathogene, mais cela reste a confirmer par la collecte de donnees supplementaires. Si cette observation est confirmee, cela sera la premiere fois, a ma connaissance, que l'evitement appris des pathogenes est decrit chez un insecte.
L'effet detrimental des infections sur la cognition et plus particulierement sur les capacites d'apprentissage est bien documente chez les vertebres et les insectes sociaux. Alors que les mecanismes sous-jacents sont detailles chez les vertebres, des etudes experimentales font defaut chez les insectes. Dans une seconde partie de ma these, j'ai mesure les effets d'une infection orale par des pathogenes naturels sur les capacites d'apprentissage associatif de la drosophile. Contrairement aux etudes precedentes chez les insectes, j'ai trouve que les mouches infectees par le pathogene virulent P. entomophila apprennent mieux a associer une odeur avec des chocs mecaniques que des mouches non infectees. Cet effet semble specifique a l'infection orale, et jusqu'a present je n'ai pas pu conclure sur les contributions respectives de la virulence du pathogene et de l'activite immunitaire des mouches dans cet effet. De facon interessante, les mouches infectees pourraient montrer une plus grande reactivite a la douleur physique. Si l'amelioration de l'apprentissage observee chez les mouches infectees etait due en partie a l'activite du systeme immunitaire, mes resultats suggereraient l'existence de connections physiologiques entre le systeme immunitaire et le systeme nerveux. Les mecanismes de ces connections seraient a explorer.
L'apprentissage et l'immunite sont lies sur un plan physiologique chez les insectes sociaux. Les liens physiologiques entre les caracteres resultent souvent de l'expression de liens entre ces caracteres au niveau genetique. Cependant, chez les insectes sociaux, il n'y a pas de preuve que l'apprentissage et l'immunite soient lies par un compromis evolutif. J'ai precedemment rapporte un effet positif de l'infection sur l'apprentissage chez la drosophile. Cela pourrait suggerer qu'une relation genetique positive existerait entre l'apprentissage et l'immunite. Nous avons teste cette hypothese par deux approches : le croisement diallele avec des lignees consanguines, et les lignees isofemelles. Les deux approches ont fournies des resultats similaires : nous n'avons pas detecte de correlation genetique additive entre l'apprentissage et la resistance a l'infection avec le croisement diallele, et pas de correlation genetique chez des mouches non adaptees aux conditions de laboratoire avec les lignees isofemelles. En ligne avec la litterature, ces deux etudes suggerent que l'effet positif de l'infection sur l'apprentissage que j'ai precedemment observe ne refleterait pas un lien evolutif positif entre l'apprentissage et l'immunite. Neanmoins, l'existence de relations genetiques complexes n'est pas exclue.


Objective: Environmental lead exposure and a COMT polymorphic variant, Val108/158Met (rs4680), have both been shown to be associated with increased risks of hypertension in adults. We hypothesized ...


In this article, a correlation for the incipient separation angle is presented being valid for laminar boundary layers in supersonic and hypersonic flows. Such correlation is based on physical reasoning and numerical flow simulations whereby the latter were performed for a Mach number range of 1.5 and 15, unit Reynolds numbers of 10 6 1/m to 10 7 1/m and wall temperature ratios of 1.35 to 2.7. The derived correlation was verified with additional numerical simulations featuring different Mach number, wall temperature and Reynolds number combinations compared to the combination employed for the derivation of the correlation. The comparison of the newly developed correlation with correlations of Rizetta et al. (1978), Edelmann et al. (2007), Katzer (1989), Greber et al. (1958), Needham and Stollery (1966), and Holden (1971) shows good agreement within the range of free stream conditions, under which the other correlations had been developed with. The new correlation spans a wide range of free stream conditions thus includes all free stream conditions employed by the researchers mentioned above.


We present a new method to study the evolution of instability-generated structure in the outer winds of hot stars. We coin this method a pseudo-planar moving periodic box technique. It makes use of the fact that the outer evolution of structure can be simplified to a pure gasdynamical problem. It follows a box moving out at a constant speed, containing a representative portion of the structure generated by a radiatively driven model. The method allows us to follow structure out to more than a thousand stellar radii, at relatively low computational cost. We have used a less artificial line-strength cut-off than previous models. We also make a first attempt at improving the treatment of the energy balance in the wind.


Context. Physics-based models of solar and stellar magnetically-driven variability are based on the calculation of synthetic spectra for various surface magnetic features as well as quiet regions, which are a function of their position on the solar or stellar disc. Such calculations are performed with radiative transfer codes tailored for modeling broad spectral intervals. Aims. We aim to present the NLTE Spectral SYnthesis code (NESSY), which can be used for modeling of the entire (UV-visible-IR and radio) spectra of solar and stellar magnetic features and quiet regions. Methods. NESSY is a further development of the COde for Solar Irradiance (COSI), in which we have implemented an accelerated Λ-iteration (ALI) scheme for co-moving frame (CMF) line radiation transfer based on a new estimate of the local approximate Λ-operator. Results. We show that the new version of the code performs substantially faster than the previous one and yields a reliable calculation of the entire solar spectrum. This calculation is in a good agreement with the available observations.


It is ironic but not unexpected that, at a time when psychiatry is moving out of isolation and into closer proximity with other disciplines in general hospitals, the relationship of psychiatry with medicine should be called into question. The anti-medical critique of psychiatry represents one approach within a wider movement which has assumed international proportions and adopts a critical or derogatory stance towards psychiatry's methods, aims and social role; it is anti-medical, anti-therapeutic, anti-institutional, and anti-scientific, either by expressed aim or implicitly through the dogmatic, hortatory, diffuse and inconsistent character of its utterances.


The 3D modeling of urban building is one of the most important techniques in digital urban foundational construction. The calculation of the surveying and mapping of building and the calculation of 3D point is discussed and compared in the article, and the basic calculation program of constructing CAL function in using ACAD is introduced.


In practical applications especially in biomedical signal processing, a large number of sensors is available but only one or a very few are desired. The simultaneous blind source separation (BSS) technique always introduces large computational load. A contrast function is formulated associated with normalized kurtosis. Furthermore, an improved learning algorithm is derived based on the standard gradient descent rule. In contrast to simultaneous BSS, the proposed method can provide more flexibility and has some potential advantages in terms of computational load. Computer simulations illustrate its performance.


Etching solutions of different compositions were applied at different temperatures (40, 50 and 60°C). The background tracks developed during electrochemical etching was investigated. The growth of the average track diameter with the etching time, the applied voltage and frequency were measured also. It was found that the PEW solutions (potassium hydroxide, ethyl alcohol, water) showed good sensitivity. The achieved registration sensitivity was about 6.8x10 -5 spot/alpha after 3 hours of etching time.


The utility model relates to a building section bar for a glass curtain wall, which is an auxiliary frame section bar to adjust the thickness of the curtain wall during the installation of the glass curtain wall. The aim of the utility model is to provide an auxiliary frame section bar for the general transverse beam and the upright post, and the utility model is used for assembling different modes of the glass curtain walls. The cross section of the auxiliary frame section bar for the glass curtain wall is rectangle. The outer side of one short edge of the section bar is provided with a vertical groove, and the other short edge of the section bar is provided with an insertion head.


Design of composite laminated lay-ups are for- mulated as discrete multi–material selection problems. The design problem can be modeled as a non-convex mixed- integer optimization problem. Such problems are in gen- eral only solvable to global optimality for small to moderate sized problems. To attack larger problem instances we for- mulate convex and non-convex continuous relaxations which can be solved using gradient based optimization algorithms. The convex relaxation yields a lower bound on the attainable performance. The optimal solution to the convex relaxation is used as a starting guess in a continuation approach where the convex relaxation is changed to a non-convex relaxation by introduction of a quadratic penalty constraint whereby intermediate-valued designs are prevented. The minimum compliance, mass constrained multiple load case problem is formulated and solved for a number of examples which nu- merically confirm the sought properties of the new scheme in terms of convergence to a discrete solution.


multivalent meningococcal vaccine comprises immunologically effective amounts to three or four distinct protein-polysaccharide conjugates for use in protecting a human against infection by N. meningitidis, wherein each of the conjugates contains a different capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier protein, and wherein each capsular polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of capsular polysaccharides from serogroups a, C, W-135 and Y of N. meningitidis, further wherein: (i) the carrier protein is CRM197; and (ii) when four protein-polysaccharide conjugates different, each of said partially depolymerized polysaccharide is.


The application of remote sensing has provided an opportunity to improve the estimation of gross primary production (GPP) on a regional scale. Several models to estimate GPP of homogeneous ecosystems, such as agricultural areas, entirely based on remote sensing data exist, but models to describe more heterogeneous areas are less common. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the GPP estimated by different remote sensing methods in an Amazon-Cerrado transition forest in Mato Grosso, using MODIS spectral data. Two models, known as the temperature and greenness model (TG) and the vegetation index (VI) model, were used to estimate seasonal and interannual variations in GPP. Our results indicated that the TG and VI models were incapable of reproducing the seasonal variation in GPP, because the lack of correlation between vegetation indices and the GPP measured from tower-based eddy covariance (GPP EC ). Furthermore, the time series of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was delayed by 2 months with GPP EC . The results presented in this paper highlight some of the complexities in validating satellite products. Further study over a variety of Brazilian forests is needed to quantitatively assess the TG and VI and other methods to improve their accuracy.


International legislation and current technology provide the tools for better vessel traffic surveillance. Landbased systems are able to collect and process the information transmitted by vessels through the 'Automatic Identification System'. These systems possess a valuable set of information that can be exploited in a variety of useful applications of public interest. The University of the Aegean implemented 'MarineTraffic' as a pilot Vessel Traffic Information System, facing several significant challenges, such as the radio-waves limitations, the establishment and coordination of a large number of stations and the costeffective processing and storage of a huge amount of collected data. The system design adheres to a set of principles, such as the community efforts to build the stations network, the interactive interfaces and the publicly available information. A large number of interested parties adopted the application, since it exhibits its potential to support many applications, including message notifications, simulation of special scenarios, fleet management, environmental protection and observation of areas of special interest.


This paper analyzed the parameters, which influenced 3D positioning according practical imaging conditions of highresolution airborne SAR system. And, by constructing a common airborne SAR stereo configuration model, it analyzed the relations of various stereo configuration factors, including stereo intersection angle, baseline length, image area overlapping ratio, trajectory intersection angle, terrain height and so on. And then, through the corresponding parameter values under the stereo configuration conditions to evaluate the final influence on the three dimensions positioning of ground objects. The test data are come from IECAS, 1m-resolution, covered the mountainous area of ZiGong (SiChuan Province), Western of China. The corresponding results of this experiment about assessment analysis were presented, which will be to be helpful to guide to design flight courses or airborne SAR system design for future applications. Keywordsairborne SAR; positioning; stereo configuration; assessment; 3D