Common urea and slow-releasing nitrogenous fertilizers including coated-urea,slow-releasing urea and slow-releasing ammonium bicarbonate were used in a series of pot experiments for studing their behavioring characters.The results were summarized as follows:1)The rate of ammonia volatilization of common urea was 4.7?%-26.5?% higher than those of the slow-releasing nitrogenous fertilizers in lateritic soil derived from quaternary period sediment and was 16.0?% and 14.3?% higher than those of slow-releasing urea and coated-urea respectively,and was equal to that of slow-releasing ammonium bicarbonate in lateritic soil derived from shallow-sea deposit.2)Supplying process and intensity of nitrogen from coated urea,slow-releasing urea and slow-releasing ammonium bicarbonate were considerably different from common urea in both brown calcareous soil and lateritic soil derived from quaternary period sediment.3)The biomass of corn plant applied with slow-releasing nitrogenous fertilizers in lateritic soil derived from quaternary period sediment,was 7.5?% to 16.7?% higher than those applied common urea and the recovery rate of N from slow-releasing nitrogerous fertilizers was 2.3 to 8.7 percentage points higher than that of common urea;Comparing with common urea,the available N in soils applied slow-releasing nitrogenous fertilizers went up by 3-4?mg/kg.


An object of the present invention is to provide the player method and system for implementing a lottery game at a retail store in accordance with the purchase of. The present invention provides a system and method for implementing a lottery game at a retail store, the purchase of goods or services of the player, the wager is a function of the purchase price of the goods or services purchased at the retail store player including to invest. Later also at the time of purchase of the goods or services, lottery is performed, winning percentage of the lottery is a function of the bet. If you win the lottery, prize money is a function of the purchase price of the goods or services it will be awarded to the player. .Field


Dr Coloe also takes the second reference to "my Father's house" in 14:2 as a reference to the household. This seems to me to be unlikely. The context of Jesus' departure to prepare a place for the disciples does not suggest that the disciples are denoted in the reference to "my Father's house". Rather, Jesus' departure leaves the disciples bereaved, even if it is necessary for their sake for Jesus to depart (14:2-3). Jesus elsewhere speaks of the necessity of his departure to make possible the coming of the Paraclete (16:7). His departure from the world leaves his disciples grieving in the world (17:11, 13). He prays that the disciples may come to be with him and see his glory (17:24). Beyond the mutual abiding through the presence of Jesus' word and the Paraclete, Jesus promised his disciples that they would be with him. John 14:2 appears to be a reference to the house of God, but not this time the earthly Temple. Rather it is a metaphor of the heavenly dwelling. Had John wished to refer to the members of the household he would surely have used OIKEIOS', which is used by Paul to refer to those who belong to the household of faith (Galatians 6:10) and in Ephesians 2:19 is used of those who belong to the household of God. Elsewhere (1 Timothy 5:8) it used to refer to the care for those who belong to your own household. The word is used in the LXX and early Greek writings.


We describe the Dutch word sense disambiguation data submitted to SENSEVAL-2, and give preliminary results on the data using a WSD system based on memory-based learning and statistical keyword selection.


Control barrier functions (CBFs) is a novel feedback control strategy for enforcing safety constraints of mechanical systems. An appealing feature of the CBF method is that the safety objective is defined and enforced independent of the underlying control objective. This enables the merging of CBF-based control with any existing nominal control strategy, by imposing the safety objective as input constraints in a convex optimization problem. CBFs are gaining popularity in the robotics community, in particular for motion control of autonomous vehicles. Yet, limited use of CBFs for mechanical devices such as wave energy converters (WECs) are reported in literature. This paper motivates the use of CBF-based control for constraint satisfaction of WECs, using the Bolt Lifesaver point absorber WEC developed by Fred. Olsen Ltd. as a case study. During initial sea trials of Bolt Lifesaver, large force oscillations were observed in the power take-off unit. The source of oscillations was identified as sudden saturation of the actuator force provided by the generator. Mitigating the undesired response using conventional feedback control is non-trivial, since any such control strategy will attempt to cancel inertia forces, resulting in a reduced stability margin of the system. Using higher order CBF theory, we design a robust controller that ensures safe operation of the device, while minimally interfering with the existing control law optimized for power output. The theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations.


A key aspect of social human-robot interaction is natural non-verbal communication. In this work, we train an agent with batch reinforcement learning to generate nods and smiles as backchannels in order to increase the naturalness of the interaction and to engage humans. We introduce the Sequential Random Deep Q-Network (SRDQN) method to learn a policy for backchannel generation, that explicitly maximizes user engagement. The proposed SRDQN method outperforms the existing vanilla Q-learning methods when evaluated using off-policy policy evaluation techniques. Furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of SRDQN, a human-robot experiment has been designed and conducted with an expressive 3d robot head. The experiment is based on a story-shaping game designed to create an interactive social activity with the robot. The engagement of the participants during the interaction is computed from user's social signals like backchannels, mutual gaze and adjacency pair. The subjective feedback from participants and the engagement values strongly indicate that our framework is a step forward towards the autonomous learning of a socially acceptable backchanneling behavior.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the safety case of data with a simple configuration. SOLUTION: The safety case 1 of the data securing safety of the data by sealing an electronic part P requiring security includes: a sidewall part 20 surrounding a housing area 40 housing the electronic part P; and an upper wall part 10 and a lower wall part 30 fixed to the top and bottom of the sidewall part 20. A base material where wiring patterns 60 and 60' for detecting breakage is provided to the upper wall part 10, the lower wall part 30, and the sidewall part 20. A base material provided to the sidewall part 20 includes ribbon-like flexible base materials 230 and 240. The flexible base materials 230 and 240 are provided extending the whole periphery of the sidewall part 20 and arranged multiply in the thickness direction of the sidewall part 20. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


AgFMF{sub 6} salts (M = Ir, Ru, Sb, Bi) have been prepared by the action of elemental F{sub 2} in AHF on AgMF{sub 6}, and for AgFBiF{sub 6}, also by interaction of Ag(BiF{sub 6}){sub 2} with KBF{sub 4} or KPF{sub 6} in AHF. The other two F ligands of the square array (Ag-F = 2.140(3) and 2.158(3) {Angstrom}) are each associated with a different RuF{sub 6}{sup {minus}}, each of which is so linked to two Ag(II) moieties. AgFMF{sub 6} (M = Sb, Bi) belong to a third structure type. The cation chains of the AgF{sup +}MF{sub 6}{sup {minus}} salts have approximate temperature independence of magnetic susceptibility, akin to that of metallic systems. In contrast, Ag(BiF{sub 6}){sub 2} (triclinic P1, a = 5.218(2) {Angstrom}, b = 5.579(1) {Angstrom}, c = 8.934(2) {Angstrom}, {alpha} = 76.08(2){degrees}, {beta} = 88.93(2){degrees}, {gamma} = 65.08(2){degrees}, V = 228.0(1) {Angstrom}{sup 3}, and Z = 1, with R = 0.055 and R{sub w} = 0.067 for 1327 observed reflections and 41 parameters refined by full-matrix least squares, Mo K{alpha} radiation at 298 K), which is isostructural with Ag(SbF{sub 6}){sub 2}, shows approximate obedience to the Curie-Weiss law. AgRuF{sub 6}BiF{sub 6} appears to be similar. In the structuremore » of Ag(BiF{sub 6}){sub 2}, each Ag(II) is linked in nearly square array to four F ligands of four surrounding BiF {sub 6}{sup {minus}} ions (Ag-F = 2.096(9) {Angstrom} {times} 2 and 2.122(9) {Angstrom} {times} 2), two other anions making contact normal to that plane, with Ag-F = 2.440(10) {Angstrom}.« less


From his first film—a twenty-minute short, "Expectations" (1982)—to his last—a three-hour masterpiece, Yi Yi (2000)—Edward Yang, one of the leading figures of the Taiwan New Cinema movement, devoted his career to portraying the impact of neoliberal capitalism on the lives of the citizens of Taipei. Interestingly, Yang's films often employ female perspectives to criticize Taiwan's education system and transnational corporations for perpetuating neoliberal capitalism's ideology of self-fulfillment and upward mobility. This paper draws upon feminist film theory to investigate the ways in which Yang's third feature, The Terrorizers (1986), utilizes various innovative cinematic languages to engender a multitude of women's perspectives to expose male voyeurism and ultimately criticize the impact of neoliberal capitalism in Taipei.


The article is intended to contribute to the debate on public employment in Belgium by analysing the most coherent possible set of statistics on its development and characteristics. According to the national accounts definition, the general government sector employed just over 800,000 workers in 2007. The sector's main employers are the Communities and Regions and local authorities, while the federal government and social security together account for only one-fifth. If the concept used is broader than general government, and includes heavily subsidised jobs (health, social work and service vouchers), public enterprises and market intermunicipal associations, there could be 1.4 million persons in public employment. Over the long term, the variations in public employment correspond to the major fluctuations in budgetary policy. Employment in the general government sector expanded particularly strongly during the 1970s. Following a period of virtual stabilisation from 1982 onwards, employment in the sector increased again between 1997 and 2007. The analysis reveals that this expansion was not uniform across the branches of activity. During the recent period, employment has declined in defence and in some federal government departments, such as FPS Finance. Conversely, growth has been particularly marked in transport and in administration, especially where those services come under the local authorities or some federal departments such as justice. All sub-sectors have shared in the employment growth recorded since 1995. Local authorities account for over 60 p.c. of that growth, and the Communities and Regions almost 30 p.c., the remaining 10 p.c. being due to increased employment at federal level, including social security. A more detailed analysis therefore focused on developments in the administration branch of activity at the level of both the local authorities and the Communities and Regions. Among other things, this showed that local authority recruitment did not relate to civil service functions but concerned social work (creches, the CPAS/OCMW re employment programmes, etc.), the police and cultural and sports positions. Regarding the characteristics of public employment, an ever diminishing proportion of staff has civil servant status, and women are increasingly in the majority. Moreover, the standard of skills of public sector personnel is constantly improving. A more detailed study of the age pyramids showed that, taking account of current retirement and pre-retirement patterns, departures should be staggered without reaching disproportionate levels in the next five to ten years. However, the numbers leaving are expected to be greater in some branches, departments and institutions.


G. Y. and O. Er- tracht. P CO 2 threshold for CNS oxygen toxicity in rats in the low range of hyperbaric P O 2 . J Appl Physiol 91: 1582–1587, 2001.—Central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity, as manifested by the first electrical discharge (FED) in the electroencephalogram, can occur as convulsions and loss of consciousness. CO 2 potentiates this risk by vasodilation and pH reduction. We suggest that CO 2 can produce CNS oxygen toxicity at a P O 2 that does not on its own ultimately cause FED. We searched for the CO 2 threshold that will result in the appearance of FED at a P O 2 between 507 and 253 kPa. Rats were exposed to a P O 2 and an inspired P CO 2 in 1-kPa steps to define the threshold for FED. The results confirmed our assumption that each rat has its own P CO 2 threshold, any P CO 2 above which will cause FED but below which no FED will occur. As P O 2 decreased from 507 to 456, 405, and 355 kPa, the percentage of rats that exhibited FED without the addition of CO 2 (F 0 ) dropped from 91 to 62, to 8 and 0%, respectively. The percentage of rats (F) having FED as a function of P CO 2 was sigmoid in shape and displaced toward high P CO 2 with the reduction in P O 2 . The following formula is suggested to express risk as a function of P CO 2 and P O 2 where P 50 is the P CO 2 for the half response and N is power. A small increase in P CO 2 at a P O 2 that does not cause CNS oxygen toxicity may shift an entire population into the risk zone. Closed-circuit divers who are CO 2 retainers or divers who have elevated inspired CO 2 are at increased risk of CNS oxygen toxicity.


ABSTRACT: Newborns are prone to severe infections and sepsis. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β play a major role in the initiation of the host response to infections. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a naturally occurring antagonist of IL-1β. We hypothesized that low IL-1ra plasma concentrations might contribute to the high morbidity and mortality of neonatal sepsis. We studied IL-1ra plasma concentrations during neonatal sepsis. Eleven newborns with severe infection or sepsis, 28 newborns suspected as having sepsis, and eight healthy newborns were enrolled in the study. IL-1ra plasma concentrations proved to be increased in the newborns with severe infections or sepsis (5635 ± 411 ng/L) versus the concentrations in the suspected group (2597 ± 433 ng/L) and the control group (273 ± 88 ng/L) (p < 0.001). After the start of antibiotic therapy, the IL-1ra plasma concentrations remained high during the first 16 h. The IL-1β plasma concentrations were increased in the group with a proven infection (78 ± 27 ng/L) versus the suspected group (37 ± 7 ng/L) (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the mean II-1RA plasma concentration is a factor 50-100 higher than the IL-1β plasma concentrations. We conclude that IL-1ra in newborns is produced in an amount equal to that in adults. An inadequate IL-1ra response does not seem to contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality of neonatal sepsis.


This study aimed to describe the increase in reading comprehension through a jigsaw model at the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Kolaka Samaturu. The design of the study is a Classroom Action Research. This research data was process data and action outcome that obtained through observation, tests, and interviews. The data sources of this study were teachers and students. The results showed that the jigsaw model can improve the quality of learning in reading comprehension both in the aspect of learning outcomes as well as aspects of the learning process. In the aspect of the test results as well as aspects of the learning process, both showed significant improvement. In the first cycle of the obtained value of the test results of students were still more at the enough category, i.e. 53.13% of the total number of students. Similarly to aspects of the learning process, in the first cycle, only 12, or 37.5% of students who obtained excellent category. In the second cycle, an increase was in both aspects. For aspects of the test results, the majority of students were on the obtained value of the category of Good and Very Good, i.e. 87.5% of the total number of students. As for the aspects of the learning process, i.e. 32 or 100% of students gained excellent category. Thereby, it can be concluded that the jigsaw model can improve the students' reading comprehension for the students of grade VII SMP Negeri 2 Kolaka Samaturu.


In current real-time debug systems, debug messages are transmitted through a limited bandwidth port ( 18 ) from an integrated circuit ( 10 ) to an external development system ( 25 ). As some integrated circuits ( 10 ) become even more densely packed with multiple bus masters ( 11, 12 ) and/or multiple busses ( 16 ) capable of generating messages, it is becoming more and more difficult for the limited bandwidth port ( 18 ) to sufficiently support the volume of debug messages that are to be transmitted from an integrated circuit ( 10 ) to an external development system ( 25 ). A plurality of masks ( 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150 ) and masking circuitry ( 36 ) may be used to selectively mask portions (41-45, 51-55) of debug messages ( 40, 50 ) in order to significantly improve bandwidth.


PURPOSE: An environment-friendly resin composition for hollow molding products is provided to ensure excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance and processability and to enable application to hollow molding products for vehicle, machine component, electrical and electronic component, communications device, office device, general merchandise, and construction materials. CONSTITUTION: An environment-friendly resin composition for hollow molding products includes 40-90 weight% of biodegradable or plant-derived environment-friendly resin and 10-60 weight% of natural reinforcing agent; or 40-90 weight% of synthetic resin and 10-60 weight% of natural reinforcing agent; or 20-40 weight% of biodegradable or plant-derived environment-friendly resin and, 20-70 weight% of synthetic resin and 10-40 weight% of natural reinforcing agent. The biodegradable or plant-derived environment-friendly resin is selected from the group consisting of a polylactic acid resin, polyhydroxy alkanoate resin, polybutylene succinate resin, starch resin, plant-derived polyamide resin, bio succinic acid resin, and combinations thereof.


The scrapping of plans to build the £30bn Severn Estuary barrage in October last year were a problem for the UK. The decision followed decades of debate on the impact on biodiversity and wildlife, flood management, local geology and water quality. Such environmental issues, coupled with a dwindling number of suitable sites, are duplicated across Europe. The result is a revival in interest in small-scale hydroelectric schemes.


Algorithms for in-place matrix transposition make use of the cyclic structure of the transposition mapping. A clear introduction to the process was given in 1958 by Windley [6]. In 1968 Boothroyd presented ACM Algorithm 302 [1]. Then in 1970 Laflin and Brefner presented ACM Algorithm 380 which they showed to be significantly faster than Algorithm 302 [4]. In this paper a number of theoretical results describing the transposition process are derived. Algorithms 302 and 380 are described and applications of some of the theoretical results to accelerate both algorithms are described. Finally, experimental comparison of the performance of Algorithm 380 and the improved version is p~esentcd.


The article is devoted to the study of scientific dynasty as a social phenomenon in Russia of the 19th and 20th centuries. Using the tools of interdisciplinary research practices, the author identifies the basic and evolutionary characteristics of dynasties in the context of socio-historical transformations of that period. The scientific intelligentsia of the 19th century forms a new type of personality in science, a socially attractive image of a scientist, thus creating a platform for its own reproduction as a socio-professional group. Constructive professional identity developed in the families of scientists has become a precondition for the emergence of entire dynasties which can be described with such enduring features as large numbers of children, special abilities of children, special role of parents as conductors of dynasty in educational and upbringing process, and the formation of a highly intellectual book culture. Positive family and interfamily kinship communications that created an expanded dynastic space and cultural capital played a special role in the reproduction of family traditions too. According to the author, it does not seem reasonable to view the scientific dynasties of pre-revolutionary time as social monopolies. The article also considers the Soviet experience in the construction of scientific dynasties, yet in a targeted manner and within the frames of comparative approach. Economic hardship during the initial years, the politico-ideological situation and etc. were attributed to the negative circumstances. As a result of demographic and mental shifts, other channels of the dynastic space were formed, for example, on the basis of ideological community. On the other hand, as reflected in the article, the realization of continuity through the traditional values of the previous period was happening implicitly.


The main content dealt with in the paper is to analyze effects of structural parameters on compression property of spacer fabrics. Based on compression stress and strain curves, four characteristic indices are featured, which include compression work, recovery ratio of compression work, maximum compression force when compression strain is 0.7 and secant modulus by fitting compression stress – strain curve from strain 0 to 0.25. Experimental results show that structural parameters of spacer fabric, including thickness of spacer fabric and diameter, angle, arrangement shape and density of spacer filament, significantly influence compression behaviour. With the thickness of specimen increasing, compression work increased, while the compression secant modulus and maximum force decreased, and the recovery existed nonlinear relationship and showed a relatively optimal thickness. Compression work, recovery ratio, maximum force and secant modulus existed the same ascending trend when the diameter of spacer filament increased from, while they showed descending trend when spacer angles decreased. The whole structure of spacer fabric was more stable when the arrangement of spacer filament is X-shaped than Vshaped, and the compression work, recovery ratio, maximum force and secant modulus of sample X shape were all larger than those of sample V shape. As for the density of spacer filaments, the compression work, maximum force and secant modulus increased with density decreased, while the recovery ratio of spacer fabric with higher density was smaller than that of smaller density.


There has been considerable interest recently in ways to measure and compare the diversity of collections of chemical compounds, whether large databases of commercial or proprietary origin, combinatorial libraries or functional group libraries of synthetic building blocks. This has been driven by technological advances in combinatorial chemical synthesis and high throughput mass screening and the need to devise effective sampling techniques to identify information rich subsets or to inform decisions about database exchange or acquisition. Many useful statistical methods are available when the properties of molecules are the focus. If it is the diversity of the chemical structures themselves that is of interest, however, it is not so evident how to apply these methods. Molecular fingerprints, derived from connection tables, provide a molecular coding mechanism which lends itself to quantitating similarity or, conversely dissimilarity or diversity of chemical structures.

We have evaluated the use of different measures derived from molecular fingerprints for comparing datasets, and illustrate their performance in selecting diverse subsets from two libraries of reagent building blocks for combinatorial chemistry applications. The compounds in the libraries were characterized in three distinctly different ways; a set of principal properties derived from conventional physicochemical descriptors; molecular fingerprints of two types; and by chemistry space descriptors based on property-weighted connection tables. Alternative methods of diverse subset selection were also investigated.

The results suggest that a single chemical description may not be suitable for all purposes, but that fingerprint-based descriptions can give reasonable diversity in traditional properties as well as topological diversity. However, these are probably not suitable for quantitative structure-activity relationship design purposes.


i∈N R = {(a0, a1, a2, . . . )|aj ∈ R} is a countable direct product of (R, +) with itself. Thus the elements of R[[x]] are arbitrary sequences with entries in R where addition is componentwise. We define a multiplication ⋆ via (a0, a1, . . . ) ⋆ (b0, b1, . . . ) = (c0, c1, . . . ) where cn = ∑n k=0 akbn−k for all n ∈ N. It is easy to check that the sequence (1, 0, 0, . . . ) is a two-sided identity for this multiplication. It is also easy to check that the Mth term for the sequence given by ((a0, a1, . . . ) ⋆ (b0, b1, . . . ) ⋆ (c0, c1, . . . )) is ∑M n=0( ∑n k=0 akbn−k)cM−n. Since R is a ring, this equals ∑k+l+s=M k,l,s≥0 akblcs. This final expression is also the Mth term of the sequence (a0, a1, . . . ) ⋆ ((b0, b1, . . . ) ⋆ (c0, c1, . . . )) and so we see that ⋆ makes R[[x]] into a monoid. Finally since R has distributivity, it is easy to check that R[[x]] also does. Thus (R[[x]], +, ⋆) is a ring. It is commutative if and only if R is. We will now introduce a formal variable symbol x and adopt the more intuitive notation of ∑∞ n=0 anx n for (a0, a1, a2, . . . ). (Note: Changing the symbol of the index of summation does not change the element represented.) The addition and multiplication defined above now can be expressed as:


A purified and unfractionated sample of polybenzimidazole (PBI) in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) was subjected to equilibrium sedimentation in order to determine the molecular weight distribution (MWD). Since the solubility of PBI is very limited and Θ conditions could not be achieved, the experimental concentration (or concentration gradient) curves have been theoretically corrected to make application of equations derived for ideal conditions possible. It has been shown elsewhere that conventional equations relating MWD to the experimental data furnished by equilibrium sedimentation are an improperly posed problem in the Hadamard sense and cannot be used for a reliable MWD determination. Therefore, new expressions have been applied which include a regularization mechanism to stabilize this mathematical operation and to rule out unreliable fluctuations of the resulting MWD curves. The results reveal the existence of three separate unimodal fractions with weight average molecular weights: 5 000, 32 500, and 13...


Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disease caused by mutations or deletions in the dystrophin gene, for which there remains no cure. As DMD patients also develop bone fragility because of muscle weakness and immobilization, better understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of dystrophin deficiency will help develop therapies to improve musculoskeletal health. Since alterations in muscle phenotype can influence bone structure, we investigated whether modifying muscle contractile activity through low-frequency stimulation (LFS) could alter bone architecture in mouse models of DMD. We tested the hypothesis that increasing muscle contractile activity could influence bone mass and structure in dystrophin-deficient (mdx) and dystrophin- and utrophin-deficient (dko) dystrophic mice. Tibial bone structure in dko mice was significantly different from that in mdx and wild type (C57BL/10) control mice. Effects of LFS on bone architecture differed between dystrophic and healthy mice, with LFS thinning cortical bone in both dystrophic models. Bone mass was maintained in LFS-treated healthy mice, with a reduced proportion of high-density bone and concomitant increase in low-density bone. LFS-treated dko mice exhibited a net deficit in cortical thickness and reduced high-density bone, but no equivalent increase in low-density bone. These alterations in bone structure and mineral density reduced mechanical strength in mdx and dko mice. The findings reveal muscle activity can regulate bone mass, structure, mineral accrual, and strength, especially in the context of dystrophin and/or utrophin deficiency. The results provide unique insights into the development of bone fragility in DMD and for devising interventions to improve musculoskeletal health.


The automated plan optimisation scheme optimises the beam-orientations and beam-weights for noncoplanar plans simultaneously. The required speed-up in the optimisation process was achieved through the use of random voxels in the beam-weight optimisation section and employing a simple dose model neglecting inhomogeneity correction. For the example patient, the automated optimisation process produced a comparable plan to the manually customised treatment plan produced via a mixture of human planning, to produce the beam-orientations, and optimisation to produce the beam weights. The treatment planning optimisation scheme presented has the ability to determine the best beam arrangement and beam-weights simultaneously. Further investigation is required into the abilities of the algorithm, but it shows great promise in its ability to produce non-coplanar treatment plans in a relatively short time. This could have a major impact in reducing the workload of human planers in devising appropriate non-coplanar treatment plans. Finally, it is mentioned that the process required 60 minutes of CPU time on a DEC Alphastation 4/266 with a 233 MHz processor. With newer, more powerful computers now available, this time could be reduced further through technological advances.


Objective To investigate the effects of palmitic acid (PA)and linoleic acid (LA)on MG 63. Methods MG 63 were divided into five groups: control group(CON); PA 1.0×10 -4 mol·L -1 group; PA 5.0×10 -4 mol·L -1 group; PA 10.0×10 -4 mol·L -1 group; PA 5.0×10 -4 mol·L -1 +LA 1.0×10 -5 mol·L -1 group. After medicine intervention for 24 hours,we applied double labeled Annexin-V/FITC and PI by flow cytometric analysis to detect early apoptosis. DNA damage was measured by comet assay, scoring by the CASPs image analysis system. Morphological evidence for apoptosis induced by PA were displayed by AO/PI staining and then scanned using a confocal laser scanning microscopy. We applied TUNEL to observe the late apoptosis of MG 63. Results Apoptosis in PA 5.0×10 -4 mol·L -1 group were both increased as compared to that in control group(P0.05) and in PA 5.0×10 -4 mol·L -1 +LA 1.0×10 -5 mol·L -1 group (P0.05). Conclusion PA induce a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis of MG 63 and LA can prevent it.


ABSTRACT The current study evaluated the efficacy of free-recall, cognitive instruction and closed-ended questions with students (N = 50; ages 6–18) with developmental disabilities. After watching a magic show wherein the magician made a major error, the students were asked by the magician to keep the transgression a secret. Next, students were interviewed using the Cognitive Interview (CI: free-recall, cognitive instruction and closed-ended questions) or a Standard Interview (SI: free-recall and closed-ended questions) by an unfamiliar researcher whereby their statement quality (statement consistency, veracity and disclosure forthcomingness) and quantity (number of words, transgression details and events recalled) were evaluated. The CI group disclosed significantly more total words and events than the SI group, without compromising testimony consistency; while not significant, descriptive differences in transgression details were found between interview groups. Nevertheless, there were no significant interview group differences in disclosure honesty or forthcomingness. Truth-tellers provided the most forthcoming and detailed statements on the free-recall question, irrespective of interview type. Conversely, lie-tellers rarely discussed the alleged transgression, and primarily lied on the final direct closed-ended question. These results suggest that the CI can be effective with students with developmental disabilities for increasing eyewitness memory recall.


In this paper, we design a tunable phase-modulated metasurface composed of periodically distributed piezoelectric patches with resonant-type shunt circuits. The electroelastic metasurface can control the wavefront of the lowest antisymmetric mode Lamb wave (A 0 mode) in a small footprint due to its subwavelength features. The fully coupled electromechanical model is established to study the transmission characteristics of the metasurface unit and validated through numerical and experimental studies. Based on the analysis of the metasurface unit, we first explore the performance of electroelastic metasurface with single-resonant shunts and then extend its capability with multi-resonant shunts. By only tuning the electric loads in the shunt circuits, we utilize the proposed metasurface to accomplish wave deflection and wave focusing of A 0 mode Lamb waves at different angles and focal points, respectively. Numerical simulations show that the metasurface with single-resonant shunts can deflect the wavefront of 5 kHz and 6 kHz flexural waves by desired angles with less than 2% deviation. In addition, it can be tuned to achieve nearly three times displacement amplification at the designed focal point for a wide range of angles from −75∘ to 75∘. Furthermore, with multi-resonant shunts, the piezoelectric-based metasurface can accomplish anomalous wave control over flexural waves at multiple frequencies (i.e. simultaneously at 5 kHz and 10 kHz), developing new potentials toward a broad range of engineering applications such as demultiplexing various frequency components or guiding and focusing them at different positions.


Miscible displacement techniques were used to study the movement of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) through a water-saturated Norge loam soil. The equilibrium adsorption and desorption isotherms for picloram and Norge loam soil were not single-valued relations. Picloram mobility was reduced significantly when the average pore-water velocity was decreased from 145 to 14.2 cm/day. Observed and predicted effluent concentration distributions were compared. Predictions were made with a S/360 CSMP simulation model, using two kinetic rate equations and an equilibrium Freundlich equation. The two kinetic models and the equilibrium model each satisfactorily described the observed effluent concentration distributions at low pore-water velocities provided the nonsingle-valued character of the adsorption-desorption process was included in the calculations. At high pore-water velocities, the kinetic adsorption models were found inadequate to predict the picloram movement. An empirical model was then developed, based on the assumption that equilibrium existed during displacement and that only a fraction of the soil participated in the adsorption process. This fraction was found to be a function of the average pore-water velocity. With the empirical model, a reasonable fit between data and calculated effluent curves was obtained for all pore-water velocities. Additional Index Words: herbicide movement, adsorption, molecular diffusion, miscible displacement, computer simulation, S/360 CSMP. R ECENTLY, several mathematical models have been proposed to describe the movement of chemicals through adsorbing porous media (7, 12, 13, 14). One of the earliest solutions for equilibrium adsorption between the solution and adsorbed phases was presented by Lapidus and Amundson (10). Hashimoto et al. (7) obtained a similar solution which included the longitudinal mixing process as well as equilibrium and linear adsorption during one-dimensional flow. Their solution, including the "retardation factor," was later used by Kay and Elrick (9). Lindstrom et al. (13) and Davidson and Chang (2) used a similar solution to describe the movement of several organic chemicals through porous media. These solutions assumed instantaneous adsorption and a linear and single-valued adsorption-desorption relation. These assumptions may not be valid for all conditions that occur in a soil-water system. Kay and Elrick (9) and Davidson and Chang (2) showed considerable deviation between the mathematical model based on the assumption of equilibrium adsorption (7) and experimental data, especially at the high flow velocities. The two studies suggested that for high pore-water velocities, the use of a kinetic rate equation to describe the adsorption process may be necessary. Lapidus and Amundson (10), Oddson et al. (14) and Lindstrom et al. (12) each presented solutions that included a rate equation in a convective type transport equation to describe the displacement of a chemical in a sorbing porous medium. Oddson et al. (14) and Lapidus and Amundson (10) used a first-order rate equation, but assumed that the diffusion and dispersion processes were negligible in the transport equation in order to obtain an analytical solution. Lindstrom et al. (12) used an adsorption rate equation as well as a "sticking probability" factor. The presence of a non-single-valued (hysteretic) adsorption-desorption relation has received little attention in earlier studies. Swanson and Dutt (16), studied the movement of 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-i'-triazme (atrazine) through different soils and encountered such a non-single-valued adsorption-desorption relationship. They found that both the adsorption and desorption isotherms were of the Freundlich form, but that the coefficients for adsorption were not equal to those for desorption. These same authors were able to predict the movement of atra30 SOIL SCI. SOC. AMER. PROC., VOL. 38, 1974 zine reasonably well with a computer model that assumed instantaneous adsorption and desorption. The purpose of this study was to use some of the available adsorption models in a transport equation to describe experimental laboratory data. A S/360 CSMP (Continuous System Modeling Program) computer program (8) was developed for three different adsorption models, based on equations presented by Lindstrom et al. (12), Oddson et al. (14), and an equilibrium Freundlich adsorption relationship, respectively. Computer results were then compared with experimentally determined picloram effluent concentration distributions from a water-saturated Norge loam soil. ADSORPTION EQUATIONS The movement of adsorbed chemicals through a porous medium under steady state soil-water conditions was assumed to obey the following differential equation:


Abstract Name : Rahmiyunita An-nur Student No. : 0806102050081 Study Program : English Education Title : The Application of Map Drawing in Improving Students' Listening Comprehension Keywords: Map Drawing, Listening Comprehension Listening skill is very important in language class because it is one of the most used skill by students. However, students still get difficulties in improving their listening; such as less motivation, they felt bored in class and lack of vocabulary and structure: therefore, teachers need to apply appropriate technique to improve students listening comprehension. The objective of this study is to figure out how the use of map drawing helps the students to improve their listening skill. The method of this study is library research. The data were collected from books, articles, and other documents related to the study. The research results showed how map drawing technique improves students listening comprehension suggested by some experts. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the use of map drawing improves students listening comprehension because it facilitates practices, is interesting, and motivates students to participate in class activities. Therefore, it is suggested that senior high school teachers apply map drawing in teaching in order to improve students listening comprehension.


This study aims to provide a qualitative insight into the experiences of people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who use an insulin pump, and thus inform diabetes care practices including psychological support programmes.


The bearingless technology has been applied to the switched reluctance motor, which could fully enhance its high-speed performance and broaden its applied fields of miniature and large power. The principles of radial force generation and mathematical model of the bearingless switched reluctance motor are analyzed briefly. In view of the control characteristics of electromagnetic torque and radial force, an experimental platform of digital and analog control system for real-time control is designed based on DSP(TMS320LF2407A). The experimental platform consists of a bearingless switched reluctance prototype motor, DSP digital controller, current hysteresis loop controller, PID controller, power inverter, sensors and correlative assistant circuit, whose principles of work are analyzed. Based on the platform, the system program is designed and program flow charts of most interrupt service routines are given. Test results of an experimental platform including hardware and software show the good performance of the suspension.


This study aims to extend the literature on the relation between government ownership and corporate social responsibility (CSR) by deviating from the common context of prior studies – which is China – and focussing on European countries, whilst additionally aiming to raise awareness on the importance of CSR and the government's potential influences. The hypotheses, which are based on previous studies on this topic, predict significant, positive effects of government ownership on both CSR adoption and CSR performance (CSRP) and a larger positive impact of indirect government ownership compared to indirect government ownership. A sample of 355 listed firms from 15 European countries was extracted from the RepTrak© and ORBIS databases. Logit and OLS regression methods were applied to test the hypotheses. None of the regression models showed any significant effects of the existence and magnitude of government ownership on CSR adoption and CSRP. As such, no support was found for any of the hypothesized positive relationships. Four robustness tests were applied to assess the validity of the regression results. The regression results were fully validated by all four robustness tests in terms of the insignificance of government ownership as a predictor of CSR adoption or CSRP


We introduce the basic notions and the framework of the non-perturbative renormaliza tion group (NPRG) particularly for pedestrians using elementary examples. We derive an exact NPRG equation and set up its approximation method. The lowest order approxima tion called the local potential approximation (LPA) is applied to scalar theories with the ferromagnetic transition and quantum mechanics with tunneling. We compare our results with other methods, and will show that NPRG is very promising since it does not suffer any divergent series expansion. Then we analyze the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in gauge theories and get the chiral phase structures. The LPA NPRG improves results by the ladder Schwinger-Dyson equation in a gauge independent way.


The neural representation of stimulus spectral shape depends on a tonotopic array of neural activity in which each neuron carries information about stimulus energy at frequencies near its best frequency (BF). In neurons like auditory nerve fibers and most cells in ventral cochlear nucleus, spectraI integration can be approximated by a bandpass filter centered on BF; however, for neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the spectral integration is strongly dependent on the stimulus spectrum, and is different for tones versus noise. Here, methods for characterizing the spectral sensitivity of neurons are discussed and a new method based on random spectral shapes is described. TONOTOPIC ORGANIZATION AND AUDITORY-NERVE TUNING One basis for understanding auditory perception and signal representation in the auditory nervous system is the idea that the stimulus spectrum is represented tonotopically. At the level of single neurons, this means thal each neuron has a best frequency (B~, the frequency to which it is most sensitive; each neuron is then assumed to provide information to the brain mainly about components of the stimu[us at frequencies near the neuron's BF. With this assumption, the neural representation in a population of neurons can be studied by plotting some measure of neural activation against BF. In the simplest model, the degree of neural activation at a particular BF should be monotonically related to the amplitude of the stimulus spectrum at that frequency (16, 18). The tonotopic representation has been studied most extensively in A -20 the auditory nerve (AN), where the assumptions that underlie it are best I realized. The frequency selectivity of an AN fiber can be approximated by its tuning curve (TC; 9), a plot of the sound level required to reach ~ 40 TC \ 7 threshold at different frequencies (Figs. 1A and lB). AN fiber TCS : resemble bandpass filters. A fiber's frequency selectivity can be : -60 +...--,,'-'\,,': approximated by inverting the TC and using it as a bandpass filter to = select the frequency components to which the fiber will respond. 5 Models of AN fiber responses based on extensions of this idea are ~ '80 : reasonably successful at predicting perceptual phenomena (5). The assumption that the TC is an adequate description of AN -1oo 1 frequency selectivity is challenged by several behaviors of AN fibers at 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 suprathreshold levels. If tuning is defined as the profile of discharge rate B in response to tones of fixed sound pressure level but varying frequency 100 – (iso-level rate contour), then the bandwidth of the [uning broadens as sound level increases and the BF of the tuning may decrease (8), This behavior is consistent with the tuning of basilar membrane motion, ~ measured as response amplitude at fixed input level (e.g. 17), which ~m 50 broadens and shows a shift of BF as sound level increases. u Responses to complex stimuli often have properties that are not well-explained by either the TC or the iso-level rate contour. An example is provided by responses to speech-like stimuli, in this case a :..V.: /F2 synthetic vowel. Fig. 1C shows spectra of the responses of an AN fiber 12 to the vowel /d. The plots show the frequencies to which the fiber was c phase-locked as peaks; all of these peaks occur at harmonics of 1W Hz, the fundamental frequency of the periodic vowel. The vowel's second.':'-5 >0 FIGURE 1. A. Tuning of an AN fiber determined three ways: tone threshold tuning curve (TC, heavy line), Fourier transform of the revcor '1"~ function (dashed line), and spectro-temporal receptive field (light solid % line). (modified from 10 with permission) B. TC of another fiber. C. .8 0 Synchronized ra[es of the fiber in B responding to the vowel /&/ at three sound levels. Plots are Fourier transforms of peri-stimulus time histograms (PSTH) of [he fiber's responses to the vowel; the PSTH estimates the fiber's f'"~ instantaneous discharge rate, so the plots show the frequency spectrum of m O the responses. The vertical dashed lines are the vowel's first three formant 0. I 1 5 frequencies. (Data in B and C provided by J.C. Wong and R.L. Miller). Frequency (kHz)


In this paper, we introduce the concept of T-local derivations and obtain the main result: each T-local derivation of a von Neumann algebra A into a dual A-bimodule M is a T-derivation, where T is an endomorphism of A to A.


2 lubricants for below critical and 2 lubricants for above critical applications were selected from 10 potential CO 2 -lubricants by means of the 4 preliminary examinations. The properties of the 4 selected oils were determined. After that the oils were investigated by compressor tests. The thermic chemical stability in the CO 2 -circuit was rated.


Abstract Significant developments have been achieved in recent years toward the utilization of (RO)2B–B(OR)2 for exploring transition-metal-free organic transformations in organic synthesis. Among the various combinations of Lewis bases with diborons developed so far, pyridine derivatives are simple, commercially available, and cheap compounds to expand the synthetic utility of diborons by generating borylpyridine anions and pyridine-stabilized boryl radicals via B–B bond cleavage. These borylpyridine species mediate a series of transformations in both a catalytic and stoichiometric manner for C–X activation (X = halogen, CO2H, NR2) and concomitant C-borylation, hydroborylation, C–C bond formation, and reduction reactions. 1 Introduction 2 Reaction Pathway for B–B Bond Cleavage of Diborons with Electron-Deficient Pyridines 3 Pyridine-Mediated B–B Bond Activation of (RO)2B–B(OR)2 for Application in Organic Synthesis 3.1 Dehalogenative C-Borylation 3.2 Desulfonative C-Borylation 3.3 Decarboxylative C-Borylation 3.4 Deaminative C-Borylation 3.5 Hydroborylation 3.6 C–C Bond Formation 3.7 Pyridine Functionalization 3.8 Deoxygenation and N-Borylation Reactions 4 Conclusions


Cultured murine embryonal carcinoma cells were exposed to the tri‐iodinated radiographic contrast media iopamidol, iohexol and metrizamide at concentrations below those used for clinical myelography and examined by light and electron microscopy. Cytologic changes consisting of swelling and vacuolation of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles were observed within 1 h of exposure to the contrast media. By 12 h of incubation cells altered shape, lifted from the culture dish and eventually died. These changes occurred irrespective of the osmolarity of the incubation medium and did not occur when cells were incubated in the presence of 1.16 mM EDTA or 10 mM Tris, which are present in commercial preparations of iopamidol and iohexol. Similar cytological changes were observed in cultures of neurons derived from embryonal carcinoma cells and in cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion cells. The results indicate that iopamidol, iohexol and metrizamide are cytotoxic to cells in culture at less than 20% of the concentration used for myelography and this could contribute to the adverse reactions to myelography seen in people and animals.


Conventional wisdom states that the statutory split of labor taxes between rms and workers is of no macroeconomic relevance, because the tax incidence is fully determined by the market structure. This paper breaks with this view by establishing a theoretical link between the liability side of labor taxes and the business cycle volatility of prices and wages. It is shown that funding a social security system by a wage tax (paid by workers) signi cantly reduces the volatility in nominal variables relative to the volatility under a payroll tax (paid by rms). The gain in price and wage stability reduces ine ciencies in the equilibrium allocation of the stochastic model and thereby welfare costs of business cycle uctuations. In a standard DSGE model calibrated for a European country, switching the liability side reduces welfare costs by 11.25%. Since the long-run income distribution is not a ected, the nding points out room for Pareto improvement. JEL classi cation: H55, H21, E30, E32, E60, D02.


Summary The effects of grouping and social rank on circulating-antibody titer were studied using C3H mice. Previously isolated mice were placed together in groups of 6 each for 4 hours per day and injected with beef serum on the fifth day of grouping. Antibody titers were determined from blood samples by the ring precipitin test. Grouped mice were found to have significantly lower titers of circulating antibody than did isolated mice. Dominant mice had significantly higher titers than the other mice in their groups. The adrenal glands of grouped mice, taken after 28 and 38 days of grouping, were significantly heavier than those of isolated mice.


To solve the upcoming environmental problems, sponge city concepts as well as new technologies are being developed these days. One of the future challenges is to reduce drinking water demand by using decentralized water recycling systems. This study aimed to investigate the performance of a specially designed pilot wetland roof (PWR) treating domestic greywater (GW) at ground level under outdoor conditions and to evaluate the effects of different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) for a period of two years. The results showed highly efficient removal of typical greywater pollutants from the system, e.g., five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) > 96%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) > 93%, total suspended solids (TSS) >94%, anionic surfactants (AS) > 94%, ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) > 84%, total nitrogen (TN) > 71%, total phosphorous (TP) > 87%, and E. coli (1.86 ± 1.54 log-removal). The mean concentrations of the targeted parameters at the outflow were in compliance with the requirements for discharge to the environment and met reclaimed water quality standards for agricultural irrigation, except for E. coli. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) results of pollutant mass removal rate across different HLRs indicated the potential effect of HLR on treatment performance, and HLR in a range of 67–80 L m–2 d–1 contributed to a higher removal efficiency without compromising the limit values. A comparatively low HLR of 45 L m–2 d–1 should be applicable if pathogen removal is the most important requirement. Plant species showed good plant vitality and adapted well to the water storage mat. The higher the mean ambient air temperature, the greater runoff reduction (>50%) was observed due to high evapotranspiration. The results showed the system is a promising green technology for GW recycling and can be scaled up for application to urban buildings.


In a recent paper, we modified the Bilow's diffracted current basis function both within and outside the transition regions to solve the problem that the combined moment method (MM)-physical optics (PO) approach proposed by Bilow fails for some cases. The two expressions are discontinuous when the wedge face is going from outside the transition region to within the transition region. Then, the previous procedure yields nontrivial errors when the transition region is approaching the wedge face. Uniform expressions for the diffracted currents on the wedge surface are derived in this paper.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eversion induced socks on the oxygen consumption during running. Seven male subjects (22.3±0.9 y.o.) were participated in this experiment. Subjects run on the treadmill at 10 km/h for 10 minutes in the two conditions: with standard socks and eversion induced socks. Subjects were measured oxygen consumption during running on the treadmill. Oxygen consumption during last 5minutes was extracted from whole oxygen consumption because oxygen consumption during last 5 minutes was steady state. The locus of center of planter pressure during running changed inside incase of eversion induced socks. As the result, oxygen consumption in the case of eversion induced socks was severely reduced compared with the case of standard socks for five subjects. These results suggest that wearing eversion induced socks during running can guide foot to eversion and reduce the oxygen consumption.


The triaxial unconsolidated undrained test, unconfined compressive strength test and variable head penetration test were used to study the water-cement ratio (Rwc between 3.85 and 5.88) and water-bentonite ratio (Rwb between 3.85 and 7.14) in different indoor mix ratios. Effect on mechanical properties and permeability of cement-bentonite mud impervious wall. The test results showed that: (1) The unconfined compressive strength of cement-bentonite anti-seepage wall has a double exponential function relationship with water-cement ratio and water-bentonite ratio. (2) When the water-bentonite ratio is constant, the deformation modulus increases with the decrease of water-cement ratio. When the water-cement ratio is constant, the influence of water-bentonite ratio on deformation modulus is not obvious, but too much bentonite will reduce deformation modulus. (3) As the strength of the cut-off wall increases, the modulus of deformation also increases, and there is a good linear relationship between the two. (4) The permeability coefficient of cement-bentonite anti-seepage wall has a double exponential function relationship with water-cement ratio and water-bentonite ratio.


Daylighting is a challenging architectural aspect that is usually avoided in exhibition spaces. This is due to the high variation over time and being influenced by spatial variations, which may affect exhibits sensible to light. Thus, when introducing daylight in such spaces, there should be a special concern on controlling light entering the space for each hour of the year and its impact on distribution pattern. This paper approaches the above problem through a simulation-based workflow to understand the effect of opening positions on daylight distribution pattern. Then, layout design was correlated to facade opening to optimize their positions according to the recommended lighting annual exposures. Results showed that daylight can contribute to object's illumination by 80% without exceeding the maximum allowable exposure limit.


The catalytic activity of palladium deposited on alumina and silica–alumina for the dehydrogenation of cyclo-hexane was studied. The introduction of sulfur-containing compounds, thiophene or hydrogen sulfide into the feed, was investigated.The Pd/Al2O3 catalyst was less active than platinum deposited on alumina for cyclohexane aromatization in the absence of any poisoning additive. In addition, the thio-tolerance is smaller for palladium than for platinum. The decontamination by the sulfur-free feed was also less efficient in the case of alumina supported palladium. However, regeneration under pure hydrogen was more effective for the Pd/Al2O3 sample than for the Pt/Al2O3 one.When palladium was supported on silica–alumina instead of alumina, the deactivation by coking was more intense for sulfur-free reactants. Nevertheless the thio-tolerance was strongly improved in comparison with the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. In contrast to iridium and platinum supported on silica–alumina, previously studied under similar conditions in the literature, the removal of thiophene or hydrogen sulfide from the feed allowed a total recovery of the catalytic activity of the Pd/SiO2–Al2O3 sample. The sample regeneration was observed after treatment under flowing hydrogen. Such behaviour is discussed in terms of changes of coke precursor reactivity in the presence of adsorbed sulfur.


The present research investigated the relationship between sleep and memory in younger and older adults. Previous research has demonstrated that during the deep sleep stage (i.e., slow wave sleep), recently learned memories are reactivated and consolidated in younger adults. However, little research has examined whether memory consolidation occurs during deep sleep in older adults. Younger adults and older adults encoded word pairs (e.g., channel – result) in the morning or evening and then returned 12 hours or 24 hours later for a final test (three groups: 12-hr wake, 12-hr sleep, 24-hr PM-PM sleep). Sleep stage scoring was obtained by having participants use a home sleep monitoring system (Zeo, Inc.) between experimental sessions. In the younger adult group, memory retention was greater in the 12-hr sleep condition than in the 12-hr wake condition (the 24-hr sleep condition produced results similar to, though nominally greater than, the 12-hr wake group), and these younger adult participants demonstrated a positive correlation between memory retention and amount of deep sleep. In contrast, in the older adult group, no effect of delay condition was observed and deep sleep did not significantly correlate with memory retention. Furthermore, for one measure of post-sleep delay learning, the older adults but not the younger adults demonstrated a significant negative correlation between deep sleep and memory performance. These findings suggest that the relationship between memory and deep sleep that is typically observed in younger adults, is weakened or changed in older adults. iii Acknowledgements


This study analyzes the role played by the royal seal and the written document in the complex Spanish government during the sixteenth century. Its use as a power strategy by the various authorities that succeeded on the island and the problems that its use produced from the arrival of Christopher Columbus show the importance and the value given to the seal as a representative symbol of the jurisdiction of the monarch.


Pulse-shape and ellipticity of continuously tunable multi-cycle THz pulses are controlled by adjusting the relative time delay, intensity, and polarization between two femtosecond pulses. A THz wave plate using wire-grid polarizer also converts THz ellipticity.


In this study, luminescence electrospun (ES) nanofibers based on ternary blends of poly(9,9-dioctylfluoreny-2,7-diyl) (PFO)/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared from chloroform solutions using a single capillary spinneret. Effects of PFO/MEH-PPV ratio on the morphology and photophysical properties were studied while the PMMA weight percentage was fixed at 90 wt %. The morphologies of the prepared ES fibers were characterized by FE-SEM and fluorescence microscopy. The obtained fibers had diameters around a few hundred nm and pore sizes in the range of 30–35 nm. The emission colors of the PFO/MEH-PPV/PMMA blend ES fibers changed from blue, white, yellowish-green, greenish-yellow, orange, to yellow, as the MEH-PPV composition increased. In contrast, the emission colors of the corresponding spin-coated films were blue, orange, pink-red, red, and deep-red. Based on the values of solubility parameters, the PFO and MEH-PPV are miscible to each other and trapped in the PMMA matrix. Hence, energy transfer between these two polymers is possible. The smaller aggregated domains in the ES fiber compared to those of spin-coated films possibly reduce the efficiency of energy transfer, leading to different emission colors. Also, the prepared ES fibers had higher photoluminescence efficiencies than those of the spin-coated films. Pure white light-emitting fibers prepared from the PFO/MEH-PPV/PMMA blend ratio of 9.5/0.5/90 had the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.33, 0.31). Our results showed that different color light-emitting ES fibers were produced through optimizing the composition of semiconducting polymer in the transparent polymer matrix. This type of ES fibers could have potential applications as new light sources or sensory materials for smart textiles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 463–470, 2009


Medical equipment workstation is widely used in hospitals to advance the digitalization construction process. In this paper, the authors discussed the software, hardware and interfaces and put forward medical equipment management strategy.


This study sought to examine the quality of teaching practice (TP) mentoring in the teaching of music at primary school level through the distance mode of training at one college of education in Zimbabwe. The study examined the experiences and perceptions of lecturers and student teachers on TP mentoring in music within the context of a distance mode of teacher training. A purposive sample of 17 music student teachers and 11 lecturers was selected. The study employed a qualitative case study research design in which one-on-one interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analysis were used to collect data. The main conclusion from the study was that the distance approach to teacher training was not effectively utilised for teacher preparation in music due to inadequate music knowledge and skills of mentor teachers as well as weaknesses of the school curriculum. Recommendations drawn from these conclusions are that the teaching practice period should not be the same for all subjects and more demanding subjects such as music deserve to be practiced more. Student teachers specialising in music must be placed for teaching practice where there are music specialist teachers. This study also recommends that the placement of music student teachers for teaching practice be undertaken jointly by the teaching practice coordinators and the music specialist lecturer.


Method of estimating the probability of the reception codeword: the probability of correct reception, the probability of detecting an error, the probability of erroneous reception is presented in this publication. For the three possible situations that define the three cases to split the original codeword blocks and detecting areas with the error: 1) the transfer of source code word, and 2) partitioning the original codeword blocks, and 3) taking into account the localization of parts of blocks of code executed assessment of these characteristics. An approach to the determination of the minimum Hamming distance for a code with arbitrary parameters N and k, based on the numerical solution of a nonlinear optimization problem is formed within the constraints defined by the boundaries of the Hamming and Plotkin. Using specific examples, test the functionality of the provided methods.


We propose to compare the main classical methods used for mobility parameters extraction (static method or split C-V) with a new approach based on magnetoresistance (MR) measurements. We focus on short channel devices behavior and compare it with long channel transistor behavior. This exhaustive study indicates that the magnetoresistance method is well adapted for thin film mobility extraction for fully-depleted SOI devices as thin as 10 nm.


In this paper we present the design of a low-power on-chip sensor signal processing system which analyzes electrocardiogram (ECG) data for signs of atrial fibrillation. By optimizing an artificial neural network and using highly optimized and flexible register-transfer-level circuit models, an energy-efficient digital circuit was designed with a regular standard cell synthesis design flow in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The resulting circuit consumes 360 nJ of energy for the processing of one complete ECG trace and occupies 5 mm2 of silicon in the chosen target CMOS technology. While some of the methods are specific to the task, the general principles can be adapted to other signal analysis tasks and allow the use of machine learning under constraints of energy, size and cost.


This paper takes stock of the EU's response to inte rna ional terrorism since 9/11. The first part provides a summary historical overview, which highlights the event-driven and contingent development of the EU's counterterrorism policy. The second part presents a critical assessment of policy outcomes according to the objectives set out in the EU's Counterterrorism Strategy. Measures 'to pursue', an d 'to protect' against, terrorists seem to have grown substantially. In practice, however, the y are undercut by a lack of focus and use at the operational level. Similarly, formal capacit ies 'to respond' to terrorism have been boosted, but there are doubts as to their relevance in real crisis situations. Yet most importantly, the EU remains unable to do more 'to p revent' terrorism. This seriously limits the overall effectiveness and output legitimacy of the EU's efforts. The concluding third part extrapolates these findings into the future, and ar gues that EU counterterrorism policy is increasingly path-dependent and technologically lop -sided. This maturation process is then briefly discussed from two competing normative posi tions. The paper sides with a more conventional intergovernmental reading that regards EU counterterrorism policy as politically constrained and basically legitimate, b ut finishes by stressing the need for adequate ex ante control mechanisms.


Farmer professional associations play an important role on promoting farmer's income and developing country economies. With the implement on the Farmer Professional Associations Law of People's Republic of China, the management and organization of associations have legal rules, but the traditional management patterns are not according with the requirement of association's development. In this paper, based on analyzing the flow of association's management, the new management pattern with magcard is established. This pattern includes two platforms with vary application systems and the applied effects is showed by implement the pattern in Pang Ge Zhuang watermelon produce and sale cooperation organization. The result indicates through applying this pattern the management efficiency is improved, competition ability is enhanced, integrative diathesis of associator is promoted and product safety is ensured. Certainly, the extend of this pattern need the government's support and the training's ensure.


The relationship between Malaysia and the United States has once been very tensed in the Post-Cold War era.The reason why Malaysia adopted hard policies toward the United States are as follows: the transformation of international political pattern,the change of American policy toward Southeast Asia,and the serious political and economic security danger that Malaysia encountered after the financial crisis.However,as a result of the diplomatic wisdom,the economic relationship between the two countries has developed continuously and the United States has become the largest export market and source of foreign capital of Malaysia.Malaysia's policy have protected effectively the political and economic interests of Malaysia,and thus promoted its international position,which revealed the diplomatic wisdom of a small country.


Magnesium, iron, and copper are three vital metals that play essential roles in cancer cell proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the metal chelation of new derivatives of pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole and investigate their antiproliferative properties. The density functional theory method has been employed to evaluate the complexation properties of new synthetic pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives possessing the 4‐OMe, 2,4‐dimethyl, and 3,4,5‐trimethoxy substitution on N‐2 phenyl ring with divalent magnesium, iron, and copper. The free energies for the water‐ligand exchange reactions were employed to investigate the thermodynamic stability, water exchange properties, and electronic properties in the gas phase. Natural population analysis was employed to estimate atomic partial charges, second‐order interactions between the filled and vacant orbitals, and the occupancies of the metals' valence s, p, and d orbitals. Among pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives, the 3,4,5‐trimethoxy substituted pyrazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole shows better electron donor ability. This compound also reduced proliferation and increased the apoptosis of human glioblastoma cancer cells.


Abstract We show that left IF rings (rings such that every injective left module is flat) have certain regular-like properties. For instance, we prove that every left IF reduced ring is strongly regular. We also give characterizations of (left and right) IF rings. In particular, we show that a ring R is IF if and only if every finitely generated left (and right) ideal is the annihilator of a finite subset of R.


The invention relates to a method for determining the attribute difference of different bins in petroleum geophysical exploration seismological collection design. The method comprises the following steps: designing an observation system; carrying out surface area element calculation to obtain surface area element covering times, a shot-geophone distance sequence and an azimuth angle sequence; comparing the generated shot-geophone distance sequence with a uniform shot-geophone distance sequence to obtain shot-geophone distance uniformity; comparing the generated azimuth angle sequence with a uniform azimuth angle sequence to obtain azimuth angle uniformity; and comparing the shot-geophone distances and the azimuth angles of the bins of different design observation systems with the shot-geophone distance uniformity and the azimuth angle uniformity to determine an observation system design scheme with large uniformity to be used for work area exploration. The invention can precisely determine the surface area element attribute difference of different observation systems through calculating and describing the uniform degrees of the shot-geophone distance and the azimuth angle in the seismological observation system design.


Considering the speed-regulation problem for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system, a control scheme based on the improved PFC method is designed to ensure an optimal closed loop performance even in the presence of disturbances. In common design of prediction model based control method, usually disturbances are not considered in the prediction model as well as the control design. To improve the disturbance rejection ability of system, an improved predictive functional control(PFC) method is developed in this paper by embedding disturbance information into the prediction model. Here, a composite prediction model is obtained by introducing the estimated value of disturbances, where disturbance observer (DOB) is employed to estimate the lumped disturbances. So the influence of disturbances on system are taken into account in optimization procedure. Detailed TMS320F2808 DSP experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Social endowment insurance,as the core item of contemporary social security system,is an important guarantee to solve the endowment problem for rural people.There are some characteristics which are population structure in Heilongjiang shows the huge size of the elderly,the rapid Growth speed and the degree of rural population aging higher than the town level.Through the interview method and the questionnaire survey for Mudanjiang city and other six city-counties,we can find that family providing for aged is still a main model in rural endowment,the rural elderly have difficulty in the real life and Heilongjiang urgently needs to develop rural social endowment insurance.We should strength the system construction of new type of rural social endowment insurance,enlarge the propaganda work,expand public financial input and promote the rural social endowment insurance fund to perform provincial level plan and carry out standardized management.


Acknowledgements Introduction Part I. The Argument for Sentimentalism: 1. A systematic ambiguity 2. The influence argument 3. Some bad reasons for believing the first premiss 4. The Humean theory of motivating reasons 5. The provocative Humean theory of motivation Part II. The Problems and Consequences of Sentimentalism: 6. Continuity and circularity 7. The problem with justice 8. The conservative theory of justice 9. Convention and institutional facts 10. Convention and the regard to justice Bibliography Index.


Anodic oxidation peak potentials (Ep,a) of some fluorene derivatives were measured on a Pt° electrode versus Ag°/Ag+ in acetonitrile-TBAFB by cyclic voltammetry. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies of the compounds were calculated within the Huckel molecular orbital (HMO) framework. The measured Ep,a values were correlated to theoretical HOMO energies with a linear regression model.


districts and the remaining five at large. In the lower house there are to be thirty-nine members, thirty-five of whom are to be chosen from seven districts and the remaining four at large. A power of veto over, the acts of the legislature is vested in the governor; but this may be overcome by a majority of two-thirds, upon reconsideration in the legislature. However, in some cases where the veto shall have been imposed and overridden, the matter may be referred to the President, who has an absolute veto.


In a home environment, a Smart Grid Home Area Network (SG-HAN) platform facilitates collection and delivery of power consumption information for load profiling and informed decisions on energy management. However, one of the main challenges in HAN is the overcrowded unlicensed 2.4-GHz ISM frequency band, occupied by several types of radio technologies such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, and WiFi. It is crucial that those technologies coexist peacefully to allow each user of the radio technology to fulfill their communication goals. In this paper, we present a potential coexistence scenario in SG-HAN for homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless technologies. The coexistence impact on SG-HAN performance is then modeled and analyzed. The numerical results show significant performance degradation due to the interference for devices in close proximity with the interfering sources in a spectrum sharing environment where in the worst case scenario, SG-HAN communication is almost impossible.


A method for the globalization test management, system, and to provide a computer program product. A globalization test management system includes collecting the set of globalization data. Based on the set of globalization data, determining a set of execution of globalization test operation. By executing a set of globalization test operation, processing a set of globalization data, and in response to treatment, to establish a set of globalization test output data. .FIELD 5


We propose a novel, ultra-fast, iterative equalizer that has lower complexity than conventional equalizers but has performance that approaches the optimum receiver. Using this technique we demonstrate significantly increased reach for 10 Gb/s over differential modal delay limited multi-mode fiber.


A detailed study of the pion electromagnetic form factor has been carried out in the energy interval 640--1400 MeV in the c.m.s. The experiment was performed in the VEPP-2M storage ring with the OLYa detector. Improved parameters have been obtained for the rho meson and for rho..omega.. interference. Analysis of the results at (s)/sup 1/2/ >1000 MeV has shown that the behavior of the pion form factor in this region cannot be fitted by the sum of the rho and rho'(1600) mesons. A satisfactory description of the pion form factor in the timelike region is achieved with introduction of an additional resonance rho'(1250) or with phenomenological inclusion of the contribution of multihadron channels of e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation to the form factor.


: Let V be a hypersurface with an isolated singularity at the origin defined by the function of f : ( C n , 0) → ( C , 0). Let L ( V ) be the Lie algebra of derivations of the moduli algebra A ( V ) := C { x 1 , · · · , x n } / ( f, ∂f/∂x 1 , · · · , ∂f/∂x n ). It is known that L ( V ) is a finite dimensional solvable Lie algebra ( [Ya1], [Ya2]). L ( V ) is called the Yau algebra of V in [Yu] and [Khi] in order to distinguish from Lie algebras of other types appearing in singularity theory ([AVZ], [AM], [BY]). dim L ( V ) is called Yau number in [EK],[Khi]. This number is an analytic invariant. In case V is a weighted homogeneous singularity, it is a natural question whether Yau number can be bounded by a number which depends only on the weight. In this paper we formulate a sharp upper estimate conjecture for the Yau number of weighted homogeneous isolated hypersurface singularities. We prove this conjecture for a large class of singularities.


We present a new characterization method for traps at the interfacial layer of Schottky contacts. This method is based on ac-admittance measurements and a new trap transistor model which quantitatively explains the measured ac behavior as well as the dc characteristics. In particular we propose the ac current across the interface to consist of capacitive as well as of conductive parts. We apply the analysis to Au/GaAs Schottky contacts and find a weak energy dependence for the density of interface states in the band gap of GaAs.


The paper is focused on the reviewing historical aspects of demographic changes in the Yakutsk region in the first third of the XIX century in the con-text of the analysis of population size. Based on the generalization of the available information collected by modern scientists in the course of research work, the idea of the social structure of the indigenous and migratory strata of the population of Yakutia in the first third of the 19th century is given. It is con-cluded that its numerical strength cannot be called stable. This is due to the pronounced influence of the socio-economic conditions of the region, the spread of the benefits of civilization on the life of nomadic peoples, military operations, the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the region, etc. The insufficient study of migration processes in the terri-tory of the Yakutsk region by scientists of the post-Soviet period is emphasized. The historiographic description of the structure of the population of Yakutia in the first third of the 19th century by mod-ern historians is reduced mainly to the presentation of data on its general composition, while age, gen-der, class and confessional differentiation of the inhabitants of the region is of interest.


Clean air is one of the most important needs for the well-being of human being health. In smart cities, timely and precise air pollution levels knowledge is vital for the successful setup of smart pollution systems. Recently, pollution and weather data in smart city have been bursting, and we have truly got into the era of big data. Ozone is considered as one of the most air pollutants with hurtful impact to human health. Existing methods used to predict the level of ozone uses shallow pollution prediction models and are still unsatisfactory in their accuracy to be used in many real-world applications. In order to increase the accuracy of prediction models we come up with the concept of using deep architecture models tested on big pollution and weather data. In this paper, a new deep learning-based ozone level prediction model is proposed, which considers the pollution and weather correlations integrally. This deep learning model is used to learn ozone level features, and it is trained using a grid search technique. A deep architecture model is utilized to represent ozone level features for prediction. Moreover, experiments demonstrate that the proposed method for ozone level prediction has superior performance. The outcome of this study can be helpful in predicting the ozone level pollution in Aarhus city as a model of smart cities for improving accuracy of ozone forecasting tools.


In 1981 Taiwan entered a period of intense construction, meaning that today many buildings are more than 30 years old. Lack of maintenance has led to frequent safety incidents involving external walls. This study focuses on a deterioration diagnostic model for external wall tiles of aged buildings, using both stage 1 and stage 2 diagnostic methods. The visual test results are categorized based on impact on public safety, and renovation strategies are proposed. Stage 1 diagnosis mainly adopted the DER visual inspection deterioration assessment method. For enhance the accuracy, this research adopted the Infrared Thermal Imaging detection method to double confirm the visual inspection results. After producing an external wall tile Condition Indicator (CI). For stage 1 diagnostic results that fall in a gray area, stage 2 diagnosis was carried out using a tap tone test, followed by fast Fourier transform and pattern recognition to analyze the tapping results. Finally, the study provides a deterioration evaluation criteria for external wall tiles replacement recommendations and a standard operating procedure for deterioration diagnosis. The study also recommends directions for future amendment of regulations, and provides a basis of reference for the government in determining urban renewal, renovation and maintenance strategies.


Computer simulation using matlab programming approach is carried out to study the photoluminescence (PL) properties of silicon (Si) nanowires (NWs) with diameter between 1.5 and 5.8 nm. An integrated hybrid model comprising of quantum confinement, surface states, and exciton binding is developed to calculate the size, wavelength and photon energy dependent PL intensity. The influence of size and passivation on the band gap energy and PL spectra of Si nanowires (NWs) are examined. It is observed that all the model parameters for quantum confinement, localized surface states, and exciton energy are responsible for the changes in the electronic and optical properties of Si NWs. The simulated data are compared with experimental findings. The admirable features of the results suggest that the present model is significant for understanding the mechanism of visible PL from Si NWs. The model can be extended to study temperature dependent PL for other nanostructures of different shapes and size.


The products formed from the reaction of aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate with pentane-2,4-dione are 5-acetyl-2,4-diaryl-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines; when 1-phenyl-2-phenylsulfonylethan-1-one is used instead of pentane-2,4-dione, 3-aryl-3-arylmethyleneamino-1 -phenyl-2phenylsulfonylpropan-1-ones are formed. There is no evidence of oxazine formation.


A hydraulic oil circulation system includes a high-pressure tank, the low-pressure tank, and a plurality of switching regulator valve assembly. Hydraulic oil circulation system so that the brightest hydraulic devices hydraulic oil through the vacuum nozzle reinfusion back into the low-pressure tank, and then re-unified pressed into the high-pressure tank for recycling continue to allocate to achieve a hydraulic oil circulation system may correspond to a plurality of different located hydraulic device link, not only conducive to optimizing the structure design, but also increase the integration of the hydraulic oil circulation system. It also provides an application of the hydraulic oil circulation system central hydraulic pump.


The paper presents the results of a study on the possibility of toxic effects developing in contact with the antitumor drug – lysomustine - to assess the health risk in the manufacture of the finished dosage form and its use. The work was performed on 40 outbred rats, 40 guinea pigs and 114 outbred mice. The experimental study has showed that lysomustine does not irritate intact skin, is not a potential allergen, has no skin-resorptive effect, does not cause reproductive disorders. The drug reveales mutagenic properties inherent in many cytostatics, representatives of the class of N-nitrosoalkylureas. The research results allow to conclude that the presence of the drug in the air of industrial premises and on the skin of workers in its manufacture and use of the finished dosage form is unacceptable.


We appreciate the interest of van den Berg and Taylor1 in our article on the direct actions of CRP in humans.2 In the context of numerous in vitro studies demonstrating that CRP elicits proatherogenic changes, our study was designed to examine the bioactivities of CRP in a human setting.

Van den Berg states that filtration methods are not very rigorous in removing endotoxin. However, the currently used purification process was successful in lowering the endotoxin burden by >97.5% within the recombinant human CRP (rhCRP) preparation to levels insufficient to cause any bioactivity in vivo, as demonstrated by standard methods. The final purified product was >97% pure by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and reverse-phase HPLC, whereas Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry provided supporting data for high purity, showing no …


In veterinary medicine practice the cytostatic treatment is available mainly in printed form – books, articles, studies, researches. Due to ethical issues regarding the limited access to therapeutic protocols for the pets, through the elevated costs of the chemotherapy and in the absence of the animal health insurance for pets in case of cancer in Romania it is accepted the idea to introduce in practice the software for oncological therapy. The research was realized based on an original questionnaire with the aim to find ethical aspects regarding the acceptance of the chemotherapy in veterinary treatment, the need to introduce a form of insurance for the pets in case of oncological treatment and the possible founding sources for the treatment. The study confirmed that the practice vets consider unethical the idea of limiting the access to chemotherapy for small animal medicine. The study revealed the need to introduce some form of health insurance in the veterinary oncological practice and the payment for treatment should be covered by the owner, insurance, pharmaceutical and food producing companies.


The injection of minute particles of dermal tissue suspended in saline solution beneath the surface of a granulating wound to stimulate healing of an indolent raw surface is at present an unusual mode of skin transplantation. The method is not new, 1 but it is scarcely known and seldom used. During the past fifteen years I have observed beneficial results from its use in numerous orthopedic cases when attempts at skin grafting by the usual methods either had failed or were deemed inadvisable. The value of skin transplantation as a therapeutic measure for the replacement of lost surface tissue cannot be discussed at length in such a communication as this; neither do the details in the technic of application or the advantages and disadvantages of the several methods now in common use require extended exposition. Before entering into a detailed discussion of the method proposed in this paper, however, it


An optical fiber was modified at the tip with a self-assembled plasmonic metamaterial that acts as a miniature surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. This optical fiber-based device co-localizes the laser probe signal and the chemical analyte at a distance remote from the spectrometer, and returns the scattered light signal to the spectrometer for analysis. Remote SERS chemical detection is possible in liquids and in dried samples. Under laboratory conditions, the analyte SERS signal can be separated from the background signal of the fiber itself and the solvent. An enhancement factor greater than 35,000 is achieved with a monolayer of the SERS marker 4-aminothiophenol.


Soil salinization is a widespread and important environmental problem. We propose a high-precision remote sensing identification method for saline-alkaline areas using multi-source data, a method which is of some significance for improving ecological and environmental problems on a global scale which have been caused by soil salinization. Its principle is to identify saline-alkaline areas from remote sensing imagery by a decision tree model combining four spectral indices named NDSI34 (Normalized Difference Spectral Index of Band 3 and Band 4), NDSI25 (Normalized Difference Spectral Index of Band 2 and Band 5), NDSI237 (Normalized Difference Spectral Index of Band 3 and Band 4) and NDSInew (New Normalized Difference Salt Index) that can distinguish saline-alkaline areas from other features. In this method, the complementary information within the multi-source data is used to improve classification accuracy. The main steps of the method include multi-source data acquisition, adaptive feature fusion of multi-source data, feature identification and integrated expression of the saline-alkaline area from multi-source data, fine classification of the saline-alkaline area, and accuracy verification. Taking Minqin County, Gansu Province, China as the study area, we use the method to identify saline-alkaline areas based on GF-2, GF-6/WFV and DEM data. The results show that the overall accuracy of the method is 88.11%, which is 7.69% higher than that of the traditional methods, indicating that it could effectively identify the distribution of saline-alkaline areas, and thus provide a scientific technique for the quick identification of saline-alkaline areas in large regions.


The shift from an industrial to a post-industrial economic system encourages an alternative to the globalized food chains—short food supply chain initiatives, which come alongside the servitization concept and are often discussed in the context of sustainability. However, short food supply chain literature is mainly focused on the aspects typical of the industrial economic system and neglects new important business drivers arising in the post-industrial era. This research aims to discuss the evolution of short food supply chain theory and practice in the context of three paradigm innovations that emerged in the post-industrial economic system and suggest new paths for sustainable agri-food system building. All three paradigm innovations are closely related to each other, but each changes a certain dimension of the mental model concerning the food production and delivery system. The article examines the organizational model of the alternative local food market in Lithuania that has been designed according to the "new rules of game" suggested by the post-industrial economic system.


Background: Pneumococcal vaccines are recommended in patients with immune deficiencies such as kidney transplant recipients and dialysis subjects. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an agent of pneumonia, meningitis, important morbidities and mortality in such patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibody responses in hemodialysis patients, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplant recipients and normal subjects after administration of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). Materials and Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 162 subjects including 57 hemodialysis patients, 29 peritoneal dialysis patients, 48 kidney transplant recipients, and 28 healthy controls. The participants received a single-dose pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax 23) of 0.5 ml in the upper limb muscle. The efficacy of vaccination was evaluated by measuring the antibody response to the entire vaccine. Serum samples were collected before, one and six months after vaccination. Results: The levels of IgG pneumococcal antibodies at pre-vaccination periods, one and six months after vaccination were 11.6±1.52 IU/ml, 14.98±1.98 IU/ml and 14.87±0.66 IU/ml in kidney transplant recipients, 12.03±1.93 IU/ml, 15.26±0.49 IU/ml and 14.3±0.72 IU/ml in hemodialysis patients, and 11.5±1.55 IU/ml, 15.2±1.81 IU/ml, and 14.2±1.7 IU/ml, respectively. The serum antibody level was significantly higher in kidney transplant recipients than in both dialysis groups after six months of vaccination (p=0.029). Conclusion: We found that patients with renal failure respond to pneumococcal vaccination in hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. However, they lost their serum antibodies within six months of vaccination. Determining the protective level for serum IGG and IGG2 in these patients helps us to follow up on these patients more precisely in order to re-vaccinate when the protective level of serum antibody is broken.


Based on 1993 to 2009 annual data,the relationship of financial services industry and industrial structure in Hunan is studied.The result shows that,both of them are closely related to the overall economic situation and macroeconomic policy,and development of the financial services industry can promote the optimization of industrial structure dynamically.


Proceedings of the 1992 International Produced Water Symposium, San Diego, California, February 1992, held to provide a forum where scientists, regulators, industry, academia, and the environmental community could gather to hear and discuss the latest information related to the environmental conside


The inductive voltage and the current flowing in the metallic sheath of power cables play important roles in the service of power cables, especially influencing their current capacities and reliabilities. In this paper, for the widely used cross-linked grounding cables, a model for calculating the current flowing in the metallic sheath of cable, including inductive current which is calculated by an iterative method and capacitive current which is calculated by a differential method, is presented. And this process is proved out by the comparison between the calculating results based on the parameters of the cable and the measuring ones. In addition, there is also an analysis of the relationship between the calculating results and some factors including the separation of the cables, the distance between the cables and the resistance of the nodes. The presented calculation method has been used in a software which is adopted by a regional Electrical Power company, and it is proved to be helpful to the management of power cables by judging whether the current flowing in the metallic sheath is acceptable.