By Toshiichi Okita Geophysical Institute, Aeahikawa Branch, Hokkaido Gakugei University (Manuscript received 29 ,July 1954) In the article " Ice Crystal Growth in the Atmosphere " which was published in Vol. 32, No. 5 of this journal, the authors compared the observed growth rates of plates with the values predicted by Houghton's theory(1) (Fig. II of the article) and did not give attention to the growth of ice sphere. However, it seems more reasonable to com pare the observed growth rates of the plates with the calculated values for "ice sphere " rather than those for " plates," because the thickness of many plates equals the


In this study, 3-propyl-1-vinylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (VPI BF4) as an ionic crosslinker is designed and synthesized to improve the high rate capability of lithium manganese oxide (LMO) cathode material. The synthesis of ionic crosslinker is confirmed by H nuclear magnectic resonance and F nuclear magnectic resonance spectroscopies. It is confirmed that the VPI BF4 is successfully crosslinked through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The use of VPI BF4 does not compromise with the electrochemical performance of the cell even at high temperature and enhances the rate capability. The analysis of electrodes after electrochemical evaluation proves that VPI BF4 contributes to the improvement of LMO interphase properties.


Psychiatrist and researcher Jeffrey Lieberman talks about his book and what he feels are the major issues in psychiatry today.


We show a new Ge channel ion implantation scheme for realization of low-V<inf>TH</inf> pFET, which enables ∼500mV V<inf>TH</inf> lowering with no T<inf>inv</inf>, GIDL and NBTI degradations. We also reveal the physical origin of the large V<inf>TH</inf> modulation. Based on experimental findings, we propose simplified photo-resist masked dual low-V<inf>TH</inf> CMOS flow and demonstrate low-V<inf>TH</inf> pFET/nFET operations.


Excerpt The mobile coronary care unit consists of a team of physicians and nurses. This team carries, via ambulance, battery-operated portable instruments. With these the team sets up a coronary ca...


Determination of the oxygen affinity of human whole blood with the help of blood-gas analyzers and multi-wavelength oximeters is compared with an accurate method for recording hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curves (Gun Chem 1982;28:1 287-92). Pso (oxygen tension at half saturation; S02 = 50%) and Hill's n (Iog [S02/(1 S02)]/log P02) were determined in blood of 24 healthy donors. Three slightly different procedures were used for determination of P50 on the basis of P02, pH, and S02 measured with each of four different blood-gas analyzer/oximeter combinations. These methods were not able to discriminate between high and low values for P50 within the normal reference interval, but never failed to detect the high oxygen affinity of blood stored for 12 days, reflected in low values of Pso. The methods thus proved suitable for detecting clinically significant deviations in oxygen affinity such as occur in patients with, e.g., abnormal hemoglobins, anemias, or carbon monoxide poisoning. Determination of Hill's n by these methods did not produce useful results.


Poverty alleviation as espoused as goal number one in the 2030 global agenda requires serious attention if the objectives are to be achieved. There is a symbiotic relationship between poverty and food insecurity, which feeds into other deprivations, such as malnutrition and high morbidity among children and unemployment among adults. The global agenda 2030 recognises the importance of food security so much that goal number two of the sustainable development goals is to end hunger by 2030. The South African government also recognises the importance of food security and ranks ending food insecurity as one of the main goals of the development blueprint termed the national development plan (NDP). The main objective of the study was to analyse the food security status of townships in Gauteng; to achieve this, the paper used data that was collected from 587 households in selected townships in Gauteng. Descriptive statistics, crosstabulations and a multinomial regression model were used to analyse the food security status and the determinants of food insecurity among the households in the sampled townships. To measure food security status, the study used the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. The food security status results showed that approximately 40 percent of the households were severely food insecure, over 30 percent were moderately food insecure, less than 10 percent were mildly food insecure and 20 percent were food secure. The regression results indicated that income, employment status and household size were among the factors impacting the households to achieve a positive food security status. The results imply that there is a need for a concerted effort in dealing with food insecurity especially focusing on access to food at the household level. The study suggested that policymakers look closely at what other countries are doing to improve the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE STUDIES Vol: 12 No: 2 Year: 2020 ISSN: 1309-8055 (Online) Doi: 10.34109/ijefs.202012209 389 food security status in their countries primarily focusing on the coping strategies employed.


An efficient Michael-ketone aldol-dehydration domino reaction has been developed to afford spiro[cyclohex-2-enone-oxindole] motifs with high yields (up to 99%), excellent diastereoselectivities (dr >20 : 1) and enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee).


Bottom round (n=162), eye of round (n=80) and rib (n=126) steaks were used to identify conditions involved in formation of white-spots on muscle surfaces of packaged meat cuts. Conditions investigated were: (a) retail packaging films, (b) angle at which cuts are displayed in the retail case, (c) maximum ambient temperature achieved during defrost of the retail case, and (d) type of film-to meat surface contact. Neither microbes nor packaging film components (antifogging agents, plasticizer) appeared to be the cause of white-spots. Retail packaging films were not associated with surface discoloration, incidence of white-spots or overall appearance. Incidence of white-spots was increased by: (a) displaying retail cuts at an angle of 15°, (b) temperature abuse between packaging and retail display, (c) defrost cycles in which ambient temperatures in the retail case reached 21 °C, (d) wrapping cuts in a manner resulting in "poor" film-to-meat surface contact, and (e) longer (3 days vs 1 day) periods of retail display. White-spots appear to result from physical, rather than chemical, phenomenon with one plausible explanation being that of condensation of moisture between wrapping film and meat surfaces and concurrent washing of color pigments from muscle; such spots most frequently occur proximal to the boundary between areas of "good" vs "poor" film-to-meat surface contact.


Despite the generally poor returns from petroleum refinery investment, modular mini-refineries, from simple diesel production units to more sophisticated cracking refineries are increasingly becoming a flexible and cost-effective supply option for crude producers in remote regions. This is particularly where there is a need to adapt rapidly to meet local demand. Relatively low capital cost, speed and ease of construction are key advantages of a modular mini-refinery. Two 30,000 bpd units producing high octane unleaded gasoline, LPG, diesel, kerosene and fuel oil can be installed in an 18 month time window, with a budget of 200 million dollars. Modules from 4,000 bpd up to 30,000 bpd primary distillation capacity can added together with debottlenecking to create a refinery of 100,000 bpd or more, should demand dictate. The conditions required to make such an investment workable typically include: a location in close proximity and with access to crude supply; near to sizable markets with logistic advantages—decreases high distribution costs in remote regions; project finance on preferential terms from development credit agencies and almost certainly some government incentives to support regional development.


Being a part of a philosophic common conception, of an original way of interpreting great trends of the European history the judicial philosophy seen by Vasile Goldis speaks about values, principles and arguments which guided his entire political career. The author of this study makes an analysis of the main elements which united a postmodern philosophy of power and law among which the concepts of justice, natural laws, positive laws, natural human and people rights, state, power, constitutionalism and social and Christian democracy are the ones that articulates the national, European and international political projects of the great Romanian scholar and politic man.


Introduction: Essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease. Many experimental studies have elucidated the role of oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Apolipoprotein E is a plasma protein that is found to have antioxidant properties, and it also protects against atherosclerosis. Interestingly, the biological function of apolipoprotein E is strongly affected by polymorphisms in its gene. Based on this evidence, our aim was to investigate the association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension. Methods: This study was conducted on 70 hypertensive patients and 73 control participants recruited from the Balok governmental health clinic in Kuantan, Pahang. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP) was used for determination of the apolipoprotein E genotype. Our results were also verified later by direct sequencing of the amplicons. Results: There was no significant association of apolipoprotein E allele or genotype frequencies with hypertensive disease or blood pressure levels, although the E4 allele was slightly more frequent in the hypertensive patients than in the control group (OR=1.055; 0.471–2.359, CI 95%). To improve the precision of the study and to settle the controversies among similar studies meta-analysis was performed; however it revealed a net nonsignificant association between the apolipoprotein E4 allele with essential hypertension in the combined population. Conclusion: Our data and the meta-analysis findings provide evidence that apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism has no direct significant association with hypertension.


Background & Method: This study conducted in Department of Radio diagnosis Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa (M.P.) A study performed in Ages >25 yrs and both sexes included in the study. All patients with wrist joint pain examined by the orthopedic OPD & IPD and referred to the dept. of radio-diagnosis.
Result: Cross sectional statistical analysis of ultrasound findings of affected wrist joint of study subjects based on numbers and percentages from table, reveals 98% of subjects had no joint involvement and the rest 2% of subjects had joint involvement. The frequency of case detection from USG was more 124(62%) compared to X- Ray 18(9%), the difference was found to be statistically significant (P =.00001).
Conclusion: US is an useful instrument to complement the physical examination of RA patients. The method is quick and safe. The GS/pD scales are helpful to detect early synovitis and US is also sensitive in the identification of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis. US imaging can be considered superior to X-rays in the diagnosis of non traumatic wrist joint pain.
Keywords: x-rays, ultrasound, non traumatic & wrist.
Study Designed: Observational Study.


Based on TRIZ(the theory of innovation problem solving),a maize stubble harvesting machine was designed,which combines the functions of stubble picking-up,transporting,separating soil from it and collecting.Through analysis and research,a 3-D model of the maize stubble harvesting machine was established with the Pro/Engineer software.The first 20-order natural frequencies and the corresponding vibration shapes of the system were calculated,using the finite element method(FEM).Then,the experimental modal analysis of this system was carried out,and its natural frequency was obtained with the modal parameter identification method,which combines the frequency domain with the time domain.Finally,the results of computing modal and experimental modal analysis were combined to analyze the vibration characteristics,which can be used to provide some theoretical basis for dynamic performance and optimization design of the system.


With their inherent potentiality, services proliferate in myriad domains, though service oriented computing is in incipient nature. Free/Open Source Software is an established approach serving society through technology in an interdisciplinary way. Inspired by Free/Open Source methodology, in this paper, we describe the concept of Free/Open service and analyze the implications of Free/Open source approach on the different aspects of service oriented computing.


More or less by definition, civil war refers to an armed conflict between citizens of the same country. However, the two outstanding European examples of this century, the civil wars in Spain and Russia, were in fact complicated by foreign intervention. Indeed, in the case of Spain, intervention by foreign powers proved decisive. The Russian Civil War witnessed the involvement of military forces from virtually every conceivable major foreign power (England, France, USA, Germany, Japan). In Soviet historiography, as well as for some Western revisionist historians, the significance of this foreign involvement has been raised to the level of myth. In fact, their initial presence was the direct consequence of strategic concerns arising in the World War in progress at the outbreak of the Revolution. Furthermore, for the duration of the Civil War there was at most only a minimal level of co-ordination amongst the foreign forces, and at no time were any of these troops to play a significant role in the fighting between Reds and Whites. However, financial support to the Whites, in particular by the British, was by contrast relatively important. In addition, both the Spanish and Russian civil wars witnessed extensive participation by foreigners, acting independently of their governments. This form of foreign intervention has often been referred to by its advocates as "internationalism", being in their view an expression of class solidarity in the international labour movement, though, of course, this participation has been on both sides of the warring factions. In the Russian Civil War the former prisoners of war of the Czech Legion and other foreigners rose in revolt against the Bolsheviks. In the Spanish Civil War the Nationalist side


In any product strategy, a crucial decision is branding. Branding a product means a long-term investment in building that brand by spending on promotion, advertising and packaging. A brand is a promise of the seller to deliver specific set of benefits or attributes or services to the buyers. Apart from attributes and benefits, it also reflects about values, culture, personality and user. Brands provide consumers with clear-cut choices, less confusion, great security, an emotional dimension and something they can trust. Brand enhances the perceived utility and desirability of a product. Brands have the ability to add or subtract the perceived value of a product. Consumers expect to pay lower prices for unbranded products or for those with low brand equities. On the other hand, they are ready to pay a premium for their favourite or socially valued brands. The dawn of new century has seen India emerging as one of the largest markets for commodities and services. Corporate now recognized that its real value lies not in production and distribution, but out side the business itself i.e., in the minds of potential buyers.


In the past several improvements in the experimental setup for the determination of /spl gamma//sup 1//sub p/ have been realized in order to reduce the measuring uncertainty. The various improvements are reviewed and the latest result obtained with the new setup are presented.<<ETX>>


The applications of diode lasers (DL) have recently become much wider because methods for linewidth narrowing have been developed. One of the most effective methods relies on the optical feedback. Two modifications providing the same degree of narrowing are known: 1) an increase of the cavity Q-factor by increasing the cavity length without a significant change of the number of passes (strong coupling to an external cavity); 2) weak coupling to an external high-Q multipass cavity. We report on using a fused silica microsphere with the diameter of 370 um as an external high-Q cavity.


The objective of this study was to use the perceptions of internet users to analyse the effect of the social, economic and environmental dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implemented by hotel establishments in order to determine whether those dimensions are perceived by consumers. Our analysis was based on a sample, distributed by age, sex and province segments, obtained from the Andalusian population between 16 and 74 years of age who are users of travel websites (e.g., TripAdvisor, Booking) and hotels corporate websites. A questionnaire was used to investigate each latent factor related to the three main dimensions of CSR that may affect the perceptions of accommodation service consumers. The questionnaire was statistically validated and developed in previous economic studies in this field. The data were analysed using Partial Last Square (PLS) methodology. The results confirm the validity of the three dimensions analysed, although consumers appear to play more relevance upon economic and environmental factors than upon the social components of CSR.


In recent years, with large-scale development of horizontal wells in low permeability tight reservoirs, the sand jet perforation fracturing technology has been widely used, the construction cycle of single well has been effectively shorten, single well yield has been significantly increased, but there are some problems in application of the technology, such as shorter nozzle service life, low flow rate, and so on. How to solve these problems has become the key to the development of horizontal well fracturing technology. In this paper, based on volume fracturing technical principle, and the idea of clustering multistage fracturing was put forward, above problems were effectively solved by the process, which could provide technical support for the large-scale development of horizontal wells.


In software development, the selection of a software process model set the base for the success of a software product. An inappropriate selection may lead to a delay in project release, introduce defects and make the project difficult to update. This lack of quality characteristics may lead to the risk of losing customer expectations as well as the failure of the project itself. In the case of complex systems, the problems become more severe. To meet such expectations, agile methodologies are used to ensure quality in software and meet customers' expectations. There is currently no literature that gives insights into the role of agile methodologies in ensuring quality in complex systems. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness and the impact of agile methodology in achieving the quality of complex systems.
For this, we perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and define a review protocol. By performing a thorough search and screening, we selected 39 papers related to agile methods and complex systems. Our analysis shows that complex systems have various requirements of quality attributes some of the complex systems mainly focus on security, reliability, and efficiency whereas other emphasizes safety, response time, and maintainability. Our analysis also shows that agile methodologies are widely used for the development of complex systems because ensuring the quality requirements of complex systems is not possible with the use of traditional methods of software development.


Regularities of ten-year changes in the biological properties of soils at several clearings in the mid-mountainous part of the Western Caucasus after de-forestation have been revealed. The soil cover of the territory is represented by Rendzic Leptosols, which have a higher humus content and biological activity than zonal Dystric Cambisols. As a result of felling and related work, the area of felling is differentiated according to the degree of disturbance of the soil and vegetation cover. Over time, the soil cover differs from the forest soils more and more as a result of multidirectional processes. Areas with severe damage to the soil are destroyed as a result of erosion, especially in conditions of dissected relief. In the early years, the peripheral areas are actively overgrown with tall-grass meadow vegetation, which leads to the activation of sod and humus-accumulative processes. The activity of soil enzymes (catalase, urease, phosphatase, dehydrogenase) varies significantly in different areas of felling sites. Variation in the humus content and catalase activity increases significantly after 5 years of forest clearing. The hydro-lases activity and organic matter content in the disturbed soils of felling are-as decrease several times, while on the outskirts of clearings in slightly disturbed soils, humus accumulation and enzyme activity increases as a result of the edging effect.


With the rapid development of the related computer industry, the use of computer-related technologies has become more and more frequent. The music industry is no exception. The research and analysis of music emotions has been a problem since ancient times. Due to the diversification of music emotions, people with different music in the same piece of music will have different feelings. The research topic of this article is to make a comprehensive analysis of the computer's automatic identification technology, combined with the powerful subcapacity of the computer, so that the research on music emotion can be developed rapidly. The article analyzes the technical research of the automatic recognition and analysis of music emotion in the computer, and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the music emotion through the research of the computer-related automatic recognition technology. This paper focuses on the computer automatic recognition model of music emotion, and successfully realizes the design and simulation of the automatic recognition system based on the MATLAB platform. An automatic identification model using BP neural network algorithm is proposed. By comparing it with the statistical classification algorithm, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the designed BP network in music emotion recognition.


A scissors-shaped compound, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-phenylphenyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (1), has been prepared as a new host species for crystalline host–guest complexes. Compound 1 afforded complexes of 1:1 host-to-guest ratio with acetone, EtOH, and CH2Cl2, and a 2:3 complex with benzene. The crystal structures of these complexes were elucidated. In all four crystals, a side-by-side dimer linked by head-to-tail >C═O···HO– hydrogen bonds is formed and functions as the building unit of supramolecular networks. Except for (1)2(benzene)3, the complexes featured intermolecular carbonyl–carbonyl interactions resulting in all-planar antiparallel alignment with markedly short C···O distances (< 3.15 A). In (1)(EtOH), the four-centered interaction including two hydroxyl and two carbonyl groups was observed and designated as a quasi-bifurcated hydrogen bonding motif. Such a four-centered interaction has been observed to occur widely in crystal structures as proved by database searches from the Cambridge Structural ...


Problematic in the interpretation of the law enforcement process in the handling of criminal assault and violations committed by members of the police, thus impacting the clash between the provisions of disciplinary rules violations by police professional code of ethics, so it is necessary to identify the problem. In the application of the law enforcement process is often the law enforcement agencies to interpret the clause in the legislation inconsistent with the fact that the problems encountered in the field, resulting in material that has been made into raw because once tested does not comply with the subject matter. This condition must be a point of weakness, if you develop a claim or objection of offenders to deny it. There are some things that become problematic in the interpretation of the law enforcement process in cases of disciplinary violations dank ode of ethics police, among others: the ability and understanding of the statutory provisions, Ankum would hear a case of violation of discipline and code of ethics police, should study first formerly the docket to be tried in order to gain understanding of matter and kejelesan case material, case of violation of discipline and code of ethics of the police hung and immediately actionable, the application of alternative penalties for offenders with reference to the punishment of the lightest very educational, handling breaches of discipline and code of ethics Police profession must be done with firmness, understanding of law enforcement officials in handling cases of discipline violations and police professional code of ethics is very diverse. Keywords: Problematic, Law enforcement case crime, Professional code of ethics, National Police


At the end of Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty,during the rein of Kang and Qian,and under the encouragement of ″reclamation″,many southeasters took Shangluo as the ideal settling place for their families,which can be seen in the saying ″Shaanxi occupied by people from Hunan and Guangdong.″Chorographical data and gravestone inscriptions left by forefathers of immigrants in parts of Shangluo clearly show the immigrations of ″Xiahu People″ at the time,with the purpose of exposing regional economic and social resuscitation and development history,together with the study of the changes of geographic factors in folk culture,dissimilation and amalgamation.


Analyzed methodological aspects of formation of the all-Ukrainian identity in the context of relations with the other. The features of collective identity and values of the other in her designing. Find out the main theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the phenomenon of identity: the essentialist and constructivist. Analyzed methodological instrumentality social constructivism, which focuses on the intersubjectivity of the formation of collective identities and the impact of exogenous factors (international context). It was found that the formation of the all-Ukrainian political identity had a significant impact internal Other – regional identities generated historically and technologically supported by the political elite. Key words: collective identity, political identity, political nation, regional identity, Other, Alien.


Let g = n h n+ be an indecomposable Kac-Moody Lie algebra associated with the generalized Cartan matrix A = (aij) and W be its Weyl group. For w 2 W , we study the nilpotency index of the subalgebra Sw = n+ \ w(n ) and find that it is bounded by a constant k=k(A) which depends only on A but not on w for all A = (aij) finite, ane of type other than E or F and indefinite type with |aij| 2. In each case we find the best possible bound k. In the case when A = (aij) is hyperbolic of rank two we show that the nilpotency index is either 1 or 2.


An improved algorithm is brought out in this paper in order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional Pal-King image enhancement algorithm based on fuzzy sets. A new membership function and fuzzy-enhancement operator is reconstructed in the improved algorithm based on the analysis and research on Pal-King fuzzy-enhancement algorithm. At the same time simulation experiments are carried out. The results show that the improved algorithm effectively overcomes the shortcomings of the Pal-King fuzzy-enhancement algorithm, and guaranties the overall effect of image enhancement, and retains the edge information of the low gray value in the image and improves the efficiency of the algorithm at the same time. Therefore, the improved algorithm in this paper is an effective and efficient image enhancement algorithm based on fuzzy sets.


Due to its potential economic return, tourism-related initiatives, including governments, are increasingly focusing on the tourism destination market. It is critical to use efficient marketing methods to enhance travel motivation—especially under the global crises like a pandemic—by encouraging positive consumer impressions of tourism destinations. The main purpose of tourism marketing is to develop a destination image that can enable a sustainable demand for visits through interaction with consumer expectations. One of the most effective marketing methods is to compile stories, which have become a traditional method throughout human history. Narratives use stories to convey various options on behalf of the destination experience in order to build an optimum perception of persuasion. Any destination can have a unique historical culture and original characteristics to be the source materials for effective narrative advertising. These stories should trigger their intention to visit by attracting the attention of potential tourists, and even convince them to visit these destinations.


The seasonal issue of ""spring clothing"" to public servants as a regular rite of imperial reward had been appearing not later than the reign of Liu Zhi, or Emperor Huandi (147-167 AD) of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In comparison with the similar practice of precedent dynasties,


We report on a treatment of a thiol-based self-assembled monolayer with long alkyl chains on source/drain electrodes of organic thin-film transistors with a bottom-contact configuration. The performance of organic thin-film transistors such as field effect mobility and on/off ratio is improved by performing this treatment in the early stage. However, excessive treatment conversely reduces the field-effect mobility with a threshold voltage shift. We have found these results due to the difference in the density and the orientation of the thiol molecules. Thiol molecules adsorbed on source/drain electrodes in the lying-down phase cause a significant effect to reduce the contact resistance between the electrodes and a semiconductor depending on the energy barrier height at the interface.


In a first year Agricultural Systems Computations and Communications course, students are required to prepare and deliver a demonstration of skills, tools, or software features related to course content. These formal presentations are delivered in a virtual meeting room and recorded live during a laboratory period so that students in other sections of the same course and future students can view the demonstrations. This engaging activity which results in "live" recordings with screen capture and audio recording has several educational objectives. They include: i. become familiar with web-based virtual meeting room software typical of webinars and other life-long learning and distance education venues, ii. review course material, iii. reinforce elements of good communications through delivery of a well-planned presentation with suitable visual support, and iv. Increase familiarity with a variety of software.


In order to investigate the role of SiNx anti-reflection coating in potential-induced degradation (PID) for p-type crystalline Si cells, PID tests were carried out using the cell without SiNx. PID did not occur with the module using the cell without SiNx even if the voltage of -2000 V was applied for 1 week. The simulation results of electric field distribution for the module without SiNx under applied voltage suggest that electric field is not be applied to cell-surface. Therefore, it is concluded that no electric field applied to SiNx is the most important to prevent PID.


Introduction Sita Ranchod-Nilsson and Mary Ann Tetreault 1. Nationalism Engendered: A Critique of Approaches to Nationalism Linda Racioppi and Katherine O'Sullivan See 2. Writing Bodies on the Nation for the Globe Zillah Eisenstein 3. Sexing Political Identities V. Spike Peterson 4. The Politics of Gandhi's Feminism: Constructing Sitas Swaraj Suresht Bald 5. Communalism, Nationalism and Gender: Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Hindu Right in India Geeta Chowdhry 6. Ulster's Red Hand: Gender, Identity and Sectarian Conflict in Northern Ireland Mary K. Meyer 7. From Subjects to Citizens: Women and the Nation in Kuwait Mary Ann Tetreault and Haya al-Mughni 8. (Gender) Struggles for the Nation: Power, Agency and Representation in Zimbabwe Sita Ranchod-Nilsson 9. Citizen-soldiers or Republican Mothers: Citizenship and Military Obligations in an Era of 'Choice' Cheryl Logan Sparks 10. Women Warriors: The Paradox and Politics of Israeli Women in Uniform Edna Leny References


Fastening System granite blocks transportable containers on ships, comprising the provision of means supporting the block of granite on the bottom of the container, consisting of slats (7) and bands slip material (8), and lashing means granite block container formed by diagonals slings (10), transverse slings (11) and oblique slings (13), all based ribbons woven synthetic fibers.


The nature of dark matter remains unknown and its origin is currently one of the most important questions in physics. In particular direct searches for WIMP dark matter particle interactions with ordinary matter are carried out with large detectors located in underground laboratories to suppress the background of cosmic rays. One of the currently most promising detection technologies is based on the use of a large mass of liquid argon or xenon as a target in the detector. This article discusses dark matter searches with detectors based on liquid argon, in particular DarkSide-20k experiment, which is under construction at the Gran Sasso laboratory, Italy


Introduction:The effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants has been demonstrated in many studies. Some factors are related to the success rates of sealants such as the variation in techniques, operator and materials used. Nowadays, high viscous glass ionomer cements are used as sealants with the ART approach. Objective: The aim of article is to present a literature review and describe a case report discussing the procedures to perform an adequate technique on use of glass ionomer cements as sealants with the ART approach in order to avoid failures.


This article looks at how mobility is expressed in the Hausa language. The Hausa are a sedentary people in West Africa but mobility nonetheless still has an important place in their culture. The article begins with a description of figurative terms, whereby it is argued that such terms show how a sedentary culture regards various kinds of mobility. Following this, two regular forms of the Hausa verb are described that indicate direction to or from the speaker; this part is completed by a historical description of the verbs "come", "go" and so on in Hausa and related languages, indicating that the latter or their "ancestors" may not have explicitly shown direction in the distant past. The question is raised as to whether, in the past, other verbs (for instance, verbs relating to migration) may also not have indicated direction; a possible cultural explanation is suggested. The final part of the article starts with a description of Hausa-speaking migrants in Hamburg and looks at various words used to refer to mobility, focusing on migration. This section concludes by showing that words and phrases referring to mobility can be literal (or lexical), implicit or figurative.


The paper introduces HIRFL-CSR power supply system of electron cooling device and describes the operation principle of 300KV high voltage power supply in detail.At last,the stability of high voltage power supply is studied by testing the related data.


Data from phase III studies of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH [XIAFLEX]) showed that the agent met primary endpoints related to Peyronie's disease (PD) curvature and symptoms, and that it is effective and safe in certain subgroups of men with PD, according to Auxilium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.


A recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug safety communication on the use of general anesthesia and sedation drugs in pregnant women and children younger than 3 years warned that use of anesthesia for more than 3 hours or repeated anesthesia exposure "may affect the development of children's brains." This warning will likely be added to the labels of many common general anesthetics and sedatives and will lead to some changes in practice. However, there are concerns that this warning may cause more confusion and concern for parents, children, and medical practitioners despite good intentions. The communication warns that long-term or repeated exposure to anesthetics may have adverse effects to brain development in children younger than 3 years or fetuses of pregnant women in their last trimester of pregnancy. However, many medical professionals have raised concerns over this warning. Critics note that the clinical studies used to validate the drug safety communication are not easily interpreted to show a clear correlation between unfavorable child brain development and the use of the cited anesthetics during medical procedures. In addition, in many cases, there are no known alternative remedies. The fear of life-threatening congenital conditions going untreated may become more prevalent as medical practices nationwide begin to interpret this new FDA warning as resulting from more substantial concerns than the data suggest. An ongoing and open conversation about these studies are favorable to all parties involved as it encourages continuous attention to address the concerns outlined by the FDA but to also not create unnecessary obstacles for medical providers trying to provide the best treatment for their patients.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the improvement of conceptual
understanding and motivation to learn of students of class 2 SD using traditional games
congklak as learning media. This classroom action research was implemented in three
cycles. The participants were six students of grade 2. The data were collected through
observations, interviews, photos, tests, and rubrics. This study suggests that using congklak
is effective in improving the student's conceptual understanding and motivation to learn in
learning multiplication.


The Alberta oil sands reserves represent a very valuable energy resource for Canadians. In 2007, Statistics Canada valued the oil sands at $342.1 billion, or 5 per cent Canada's total tangible wealth of $6.9 trillion. Given the oil sands' importance, it is essential to value them appropriately. In this report, we critically review the methods used by Statistics Canada in their valuation of the Alberta oil sands. We find that the official Statistics Canada estimates of the reserves (22.0 billion barrels) of Alberta's oil sands are very small compared to those obtained using more appropriate definitions, which results in an underestimation of the true value of the oil sands. Moreover, the failure to take into account the projected growth of the industry significantly magnifies this underestimation. We provide new estimates of the present value of oil sands reserves based on a set of alternative assumptions that are, we argue, more appropriate than those used by Statistics Canada. We find that the use of more reasonable measures of the total oil sands reserves (172.7 billion barrels), extraction rate (a linear increase from 482 million barrels per year in 2007 to 1,350 million barrels in 2015, and constant thereafter) and price ($70 per barrel, 2007 CAD) increases the estimated present value of the oil sands to $1,482.7 billion (2007 CAD), 4.3 times larger than the official estimate of $342.1 billion. Using our preferred estimate, Canada's total tangible wealth increases by $1.1 trillion (17 per cent), and reaches $8.0 trillion with oil sands now accounting for 18 per cent of Canada's tangible wealth. The importance of these revisions is also demonstrated by their impact on the per-capita wealth of Canadians, which increases from $209,359 to $243,950, or by $34,591 (or 17 per cent). Given the importance of the oil sands for Canada, Statistics Canada should undertake a review of its methodology. In light of the growing body of climatologic literature supporting an association between anthropogenic GHG emissions and global climate change, no analysis of the "true value? of the oil sands would be complete without an accounting of the social costs of the GHG emissions that arise from oil sands development. According to our baseline estimates, the oil sands impose a total social cost related to GHG emissions of $69.4 billion. In making this estimate, we assume that each barrel of oil sands output imposes a social cost of $2.25 (based on a cost of $30/tCO2-e and an intensity of 0.075 tCO2-e/bbl). Our preferred estimate of the net present value of oil sands wealth net of GHG cost is thus $1,413.3 billion, 4.1 times greater than the Statistics Canada estimate which does not account for any environmental costs. This report does not account for non-GHG related environmental and social costs. A comprehensive valuation of all environmental costs are needed to assess whether future benefits derived from oil sands development are outweighed by even larger environmental costs.


In this study, the use of expanded polystyrene and expanded perlite as lightweight aggregates for the preparation of lightweight geopolymers is tested. The geopolymers' performance was evaluated through physical, mechanical and thermal testing. Polypropylene fibers were used as reinforcement agents, while the long-term durability was assessed though repeated wet–dry and freeze–thaw cycles and sorptivity tests. The results showed that the introduction of lightweight aggregates in the geopolymer mixes decreased the compressive and flexural strength of the specimens by 77 and 35%, respectively. However, the density and thermal conductivity were substantially improved because of the addition of low-density aggregates. The fiber reinforcement of lightweight samples led to a drastic increase in flexural strength by 65%, leaving unaffected the compressive strength and density of the specimens. The freeze–thaw and sorptivity tests were also improved after the introduction of both aggregates and fibers. Lightweight geopolymer composites exhibiting density in the range of 1.0–1.6 g/cm3, compressive strength of 10–33 MPa, flexural strength of 1.8–6.3 MPa, thermal conductivity of 0.29–0.42 W/mK, and sorptivity of 0.031–0.056 mm/min0.5 were prepared.


In his celebrated dissertation, Adam Parry (1988,21) outlined the traditional relationship between intelligence and action in the fol? lowing way: "The popular cliche, going from Hesiod through Solon and later writers, reveals a basic distrust of the intellect. The man of action is admired, the man of intelligence and words looked on with suspicion. The philosophie writers emphasized the split by turning the distinction around. The man of intelligent words knows reality, the man of action becomes a brute or a fool. Gorgias, and much more profoundly, Thucy? dides, see and dramatize a possible equilibrium." Although schematic, Parry's formulation rightly points to Thucydides' status as a transitional figure in conceiving the evolving relationship between intellect and ac? tion. In this article, I examine specifically the vision of courage offered by Pericles in Thucydides' History. Pericles' analysis of courage illustrates certain innovations in the classical Greek conception of intellect and action. Understanding Pericles' analysis will help to specify Parry's insight and make it more concrete. A useful place to start is Pericles' well-known, but famously am? biguous, explanation of courage:


Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell is another kind of stem cells in addition to hematopoietic stem cells and multifunetional progenitor cells,which have strong self-renewal capacity and potential for differentiation to several types of cells.The cells have obvious tumor tropism and characteristic of inserting in tumor. Although mesenchymal stem cells have the risk of conversion into tumor cells,as a cloning vector mesenchymal stem cells can transduct targeted genes in the treatment of carcinoma with long-term stability in vivo and have bright prospects in tumor targeted therapy.

Key words:
Mesenchymal stem cell; Gene therapy:Genetic vectors


Objective To investigate the diagnosis and therapeutic methods for traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Methods From 1995 to 2004,26 cases with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia were analyzed retrospectively, and it's diagnosis and therapeutic methods and postoperative complications were evaluated summarily. Result 25 cases were cured and cure rate was 96.1% in this group. One case died during operation because of tension pneumothorax was not be corrected. Postoperative complications were happened in 6 cases(23.1%). Among them, the hydrothorax was in 3 cases, renal insufficiency 1 case, secondary hemorrhage 1 case and fungal infection 1 case. All patients with complictions were cured by the conservative treatment. Conclusion Early diagnosis and in time operative treatment are the essential measure to reduce complications.


This paper shows a structure of current starved inverter-based CMOS thyristor oscillator which is utilized to drive the counters that go about as a segment in the elapsed time counter. The performance of this oscillator is improved using a temperature independent biasing circuit that utilizes low power. The design incorporates utilization of trim bits at different process corners to shift the frequency. As the oscillator works with a battery supply, the output variations across supply are compromised. On – chip oscillator is implemented in a silicon area of 0.003064 mm² using UMC180 CMOS technology. Output shows a low power low frequency performance compared to a regular on- chip oscillator.


Magnetic hyperthermia for treatment of tumors would benefit greatly from increased heating of the magnetic particles relative to the incident electromagnetic wave power. Micromagnetic simulations including thermal fluctuations show that the use of an incident square wave, as opposed to the usual sine wave, increases the normalized heat by at least 50%, with the possibility of much greater improvement for the usual case of particle ensembles that have a distribution of magnetic anisotropies, volumes, and angles to the incident radiation. It is shown that even replacement of the square wave by a limited number of harmonics is highly beneficial.


The possibility that a series of explosions of the galactic nuclei every 5  106 yr can cause a substantial flux of cosmic ray particles at the vicinity of the Earth is investigated. The steady flux of cosmic radiation forces the conclusion that there have been explosions back to 109 yr if this is a dominant source of cosmic rays.


We use the Bradlow parameter expansion to construct the metric tensor in the space of solutions of the Bogomolny equations for the Abelian Higgs model on a two-dimensional torus. Using this metric we study the dynamics and scattering of vortices on the torus within the geodesic approximation. For small torus volumes the metric is determined in terms of a small number of parameters. For large volumes the results provide a very precise approximation to the metric and dynamics on the plane.


Floodplain lakes are tightly coupled to their associated river systems and their sediment records should provide integrative records of this interaction. Surface sediments and selected limnological variables were collected from 77 Mackenzie Delta lakes representing three categories of river influence: lakes having continuous connection with the Mackenzie River (n = 23; no-closure), lakes that flood every spring but lose connection during the summer (n = 26; low-closure), and lakes that flood only during an extreme spring flood stage (n = 28; high-closure). Summer lake production, using winter methane concentration as a proxy, and river influence were identified as the principal limnological gradients separating delta lakes. This river influence/primary production gradient also accounted for the greatest amount of variation within the surface sediment diatom assemblages. The diatom flora of the Mackenzie Delta lakes was dominated by benthic taxa, particularly the genera Nitzschia and Navicula, with a greater abundance of stalked, epiphytic taxa in the high-closure lakes. A robust predictive model was developed for inferring lake production from fossil diatom assemblages. The model provides a tool for estimating long-term changes in river influence and lake dynamics from the sediment record of Mackenzie Delta lakes. Diatom-inferred river influence changes within these records may then be linked with past river discharge variability.


This paper introduces a new formal model for supervisory control of Discrete Event Systems (DES). The system is represented by a prefix-closed language and a control structure, a map which stores the information of control and marking for the strings of the language. The condition for existence of a supervisor and an optimal supervisory scheme are given. An example where the proposed approach is naturally applied closes the paper.


The causality between the number of companies that are transacted in the Istanbul Stock Exchange market and economic growth in Turkish economy has been analyzed in this study. The analysis covers the 23 years between 1986 and 2009. The study shows that the number of new firms transacted in the stock exchange market account for 18% of annual national economic growth according to least square test results. These test results have been examined usingserial correlation and heteroskedasticity tests whereby significant reliable results were found.


This paper presents analytical and experimental studies on the cyclic behavior of flange plate connection between a steel beam and a welded box column. A full-scale, single-sided specimen with flange plate connection was tested using a standard connection prequalification test protocol. The flange plate connection in the test specimen achieved the AISC seismic provision requirements for special moment frames. The finite element model developed using ABAQUS was validated using the test results. This model was subsequently used to further investigate the behavior of the test specimen and to evaluate the effect of panel zone strength on the response of flange plate connections.


Summary The aim of this study was to examine the effect of topically-used gentamicin attached to a biodegradable carrier, formed by micro-dispersed oxidised cellulose (MDOC) in nanofibre form, in acute wound infection treatment and to compare it with Garamycin Schwamm ® . Twelve domestic swines were used in a model of a full-thickness infected dermal wound. The effectiveness of both materials in wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was tested. The effectiveness of both gentamicin with MDOC and Garamycin Schwamm ® was comparable in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli infections according to microbiological cultures findings. With Staphylococcus aureus infections there was a higher percent of negative cultures when MDOC with gentamicin was administered, but without statistical significance (p=0.069). When macroscopically assesed, 100 % of infected wounds treated by gentamicin attached to MDOC were without signs of local infection compared to only 16.7 % when Garamycin Schwamm ® was used and this was statistically significant (p<0.01). For statistical analysis


Objective To save the cost for rust remover,reduce material consuming and ensure the cleaning quality of instruments by changing work model.Methods According to the key factors for increasing cost of medical rust remover,rational adjustment of the work model,set up target by realization of problems,confirmation of measured data of problems,analysis of problems and figuring out key measures were main strategy for correction of mistakes;and making controlling measures to ensure effective implementation.Enforcing organization management,and collection and grouping removal of rust by time,by ration and by certain number of staffs were important in maintaining medical appliances in hospital.Results The cost for rust remover had been greatly saved,and the cleaning quality had been distinctly improved,and the number of scraped medical instruments had been reduced.Compared with the period before improvement,it had statistical significance in differences(P0.01)by SPSS 11.0 for analysis of these data.Conclusion The cleaning quality of rusted medical instruments can be ensured by changing the improper work model applied by sterilization and supply center,the cleaning and maintenance cost for medical instruments can be effectively controlled.


The four-by-four vehicle is defined, its drive systems explained, and changes in the four-by-four market since 1970 and future trends are reviewed. Fuel economy standards, and their effect on light truck manufacturers, are addressed, and an overview is provided of Environmental Protection Agency fuel economy testing. Suggestions are provided for reducing vehicle fuel consumption; these relate to reducing curb weight and frontal area, and maximizing drive system efficiency. Data Corp.'s LW prototype, a fuel-efficient, sport/utility, four-wheel drive vehicle, is described. The LW was designed to improve the fuel economy of a current production vehicle without sacrificing performance, passenger space, or cargo carrying ability. By applying a systems approach, the drive, suspension, and frame subsystems were optimized in attaining that goal. City and highway fuel economy results obtained with the LW are 19.3 and 29.2 mpg, respectively, in comparison with 14.0 and 15.8 for the current production vehicle.


This investigation analyzed the variation of the phytoplanktonic assemblage in the main water body of the swamp system of Ayapel (Cordoba), Colombia in different periods from the hydrological pulse. The results in six field periods between September 2004 and June 2005 and in five sampling stations showed that the structure and dynamics of the assemblage and physical and chemical variables vary in relation to the hydrological pulse. In general terms 37 taxa were registered, being Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Lyngbya cf. limnetica the most important taxa. The variations in the structure of the assemblage, presented greater in the dry periods and in the transition to rain period.


A 14-year-old girl presented to our department for having collapsed after an acute episode of epigastric pain and vomiting. Past medical history was uneventful; in particular no previous abdominal complaints were mentioned. Physical examination showed a palpable tenderness in the epigastric region. Initially, gastroenteritis was suspected. Abdominal ultrasound revealed massive splenomegaly and in Doppler ultrasound splenic vein thrombosis was suspected. CT with CT angiography showed an enlarged, non-enhancing spleen with characteristic signs of splenic torsion (whirl …


To improve the ship cabin extension alarm security and Internet communication reliability and actual time controllability, This thesis is an auto extended alarm system was designed based on NXP LPC1768 with CANopen protocol,can further improve the system reliability, communication, efficiency and flexibility. The system is based on modules,the software was designed to realize the functions of main control unit auto/manual-switching,self-monitoring system running status, operating status display audible and visual alarm functions of the system hardware design, the implementation process of the CANopen protocol software(including the object dictionary and communication model). The results show that the system be able to accurately listener alarm information, and the structure is simple, Able to meet the requirements of the ship extending alarm,improve extended alarm reliability and compatibility.


Doping states in a two-dimensional three-band extended Peierls-Hubbard model was investigated within inhomogeneous Hartree-Fock and random phase approximation. They are very sensitive to small changes of interaction parameters and their distinct vibrational and optical absorption spectra can be used to identify different doping states. For electronic parameters relevant to cuprate superconductors, as intersite electron-phonon interaction strength increases, the doping state changes from a Zhang-Rice state to a covalent molecular singlet state accompanied by local quenching of the Cu magnetic moment and large local lattice distortion in an otherwise undistorted antiferromagnetic background. In a region where both intersite electron-phonon interaction and on-site electron-electron repulsion are large, we obtain new stable global phases including a bond-order-wave state and a mixed state of spin-Peierls bonds and antiferromagnetic Cu spins, as well as many metastable states. Doping in the bond-order-wave region induces separation of spin and charge. 9 refs.


asian Bond market initiative, which aims to tap asia's large pool of savings. since the scale of the present crisis is unprecedented, the region needs to engage in pre-emptive efforts to enhance economic integration further in order to mitigate the outside risks posed by the problems in the european Union and the United states. in this article, i explore what should, or can, be done to achieve a level of deeper integration that would make east asia more resilient in the face of the global crisis.


By splitting the catalytic core of DNAzymes into two halves, two Pb(2+)-specific DNAzymes retain partial activity, while they show opposite trends of activity as a function of the split site, revealing important nucleotides for catalysis and metal binding.


This paper considers the optimal reference tracking control of an electropneumatic clutch actuator. To control both supply to and exhaust from the clutch actuator chamber, one pair of on/off valves is used. The on/off valves are controlled by pulse-width modulation. The fast dynamics of the clutch actuator and the presence of both state and input constraints makes it appropriate to design an explicit Model Predictive Controller (MPC), where the only computation performed on-line would be a piecewise linear function evaluation. A multi-parametric Nonlinear Programming approach is applied to design the explicit MPC. In order to reduce the computational burden, the design of the explicit controller is based on a simplified 3-rd order model of the clutch actuator. The controller performance is verified by simulating with the full 5-th order model of the actuator dynamics. Also, the closed-loop response is compared to that of an explicit MPC controller without pulse-width modulation, where the valves are directly commanded fully open or fully closed.


Self Image Brand Image theory implies that consumers attracted to different brands should have different Self Images. Unfortunately, the presence or absence of such Self Image differences is generally not reported in the literature and the few articles that do address the topic yield conflicting results. The A. explores the idea that the occasional Self Image differences that are reported in the literature may be the artificial result of the specific methodology used. If the investigation stereotypes the subjects as users of a particular brand their Self Images may shift towards the image of this brand resulting in Self Image differences that are not present without such stereotyping. Two studies in the domains of smoking and cars are presented that support the position that Self Image differences between users of different brands will not be found unless stereotyping has occurred.


Frequency-domain independent component analysis (FDICA) is a popular algorithm for multichannel audio source separation. The source components in each frequencies estimated by FDICA must be aligned over all frequencies so that the components of the same source are grouped. This postprocessing of FDICA is the so-called permutation problem. Although various permutation solvers have been proposed, their performances are still limited particularly in a multispeaker separation task in a reverberant environment. To improve the performance of the permutation solver, in this paper, a new data-driven permutation solver based on deep neural networks (DNNs) is presented. In the proposed method, the DNN that predicts whether the input local time-frequency components belong to the same source is trained, and the permutation problem is solved by taking majority decisions of the predicted results.


Cross-layer design and operation of wireless networks has attracted significant interest in the last decade, yet some basic problems in the area remain unsolved. In this paper, we consider the joint routing and power control problem, and specifically how to choose transmission powers at the physical layer to maximize stable end-to-end throughput at the network layer for a multi-hop wireless network. This is the back-pressure power control (BPPC) problem. Earlier work had recognized that BPPC is a non-convex problem, and suggested relatively simple suboptimal strategies. Here we show that BPPC is NP-hard. This is a negative result, which however comes with a positive flip side: drawing from related developments in the digital subscriber line (DSL) literature, we devise effective ways to approximate it. We report substantial improvements in transport capacity relative to the earlier state of art, as illustrated in pertinent simulations.


The positioning systems generally need a good controller to achieve a fast response, high accuracy and robustness. In addition, ease and simplicity of controller design structure are very important for practical applications. For satisfying these requirements, NCTF controller has been proposed as a practical control method for two-mass rotary PTP positioning systems. However, the effect of the actuator saturation cannot be completely compensated due to integrator windup when the object parameter varies. This paper presents a method to further improve NCTF controller to overcome the problem of integrator windup. The improved NCTF controller is evaluated experimentally using rotary two-mass positioning system. The effect of the design parameters on the robustness of the improved NCTF with anti-windup integrator controller is evaluated and compared with NCTF without anti-windup integrator and the equivalent PID controller. The results show that the improved NCTF controller is effective to compensate the effect of integrator windup.


This paper presents a robust iterative identification scheme for a class of Hammerstein nonlinear ARMAX systems. The identification problem is formulated under the framework of maximum likelihood estimation and solved by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Instead of modeling the ambient noise with a Gaussian distribution, the heavy tailed Gaussian mixture distribution is utilized, which ensures the estimation algorithm is robust to the outliers. By means of the over-parameterization method and replacing the unmeasurable noise terms with the estimation residuals, the iterative algorithm is able to identify the system model and the parameters of noise distribution simultaneously. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Objective To understand the relationship among medical uncertainty,anxiety and depression in patients with cervical spondylosis,in order to find the right intervention measures.Methods 38 cases of cervical spondylosis patients were asked to fill in the self-assessment scale of medical uncertainty inventory scale(MUIS),self-rating anxiety scale(SRAS) and self-rating depression scale(SRDS),then the results were analyzed by software PEMS 3.1.Results The total score of medical uncertainty in 38 cervical spondylosis patients ranged from 87 to 132 scores,with the average of(111.84±12.84) scores,25 cases(65.79%) were in the middle level and 13 cases(34.21%) were in the high level.The total score of anxiety scales ranged from 32 to 72 scores,with the average of(51.76±8.14) scores,compared to the national norm [(29.78±0.46) scores],the difference was statistically significant(t = 88.62,P 0.05);there were 3 cases without anxiety,15 cases(39.47%) with mild anxiety,12 cases(31.58%) with moderate anxiety,and 8 cases(21.05%) with severe anxiety.The total score of depression scales ranged from 36 to 65 scores,with the average of(52.76±8.15) scores,there were 15 cases without depression,15 cases(39.47%) with mild depression,8 cases(21.05%) with moderate depression.There were positive relations between medical uncertainty total score,uncertainty,unpredictability,complexity,inconsistency and anxiety and depression of patients(P 0.05).Conclusion Cervical spondylosis patients have unhealthy psychology of medical uncertainty,anxiety and depression.It is bad for the patients' physical and psychological health.Medical workers should take rational intervention measure to reduce cervical spondylosis patients' medical uncertainty,anxiety and depression,and the patients should adjust their mentality state,to promote the recover of the illness and improve quality of life.


On account of the problems existing in the digital geo-spatial framework construction of Beihai,data organization method of geospatial framework hybrid database was proposed in the paper.The production process of"digital Beihai"geo-spatial framework data was given,basic space data and specialized data was organized uniformly,and the integrated management of these data was achieved.


The solution of a new 3 1/2 degree-of-freedom H/sub /spl infin///H/sub 2/ stochastic optimal control problem is discussed which may be either H/sub 2/ or H/sub /spl infin// optimal. The system includes a 2 1/2 degree-of-freedom tracking controller and a feedforward control action. The feedback controller must be robust and is therefore normally designed to minimize an H/sub /spl infin// criterion. However, the solution obtained is sufficiently general that the feedback, tracking or feedforward control functions can be chosen to minimize either an H/sub 2/ or a H/sub /spl infin// criterion.


The invention provides a network player and a server for providing a search service. The player comprises a playing area and a searching area, wherein the playing area comprises a playing module which is used for receiving streaming media data through a network and playing the data and a marking module which is used for marking the played streaming media data and sending marking information to a playing server; the searching area comprises a key word input module which is used for receiving a searching key word input by a user and sending the key word to the playing server and a searching result demonstrating module which is used for receiving the searching result of the playing server and demonstrating the searching result; and the searching result is the marked streaming media data corresponding to the searching key word. The player has an additional streaming media retrieval function based on the conventional network player, so that the video playing and retrieval and text displaying are integrated on the player and the functions of the player are greatly enriched.


Achieving fertility in obstructive azoospermic patients depends on multiple factors, including; etiology, level of obstruction, duration and the pathology of obstruction. Taking the previous factors into consideration, the most appropriate therapeutic line could be either corrective surgery (vasoepididymostomy, vasovasosotomy, transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts) or Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) [4] . The main advantage of surgical intervention, is giving the couple the chance for future spontaneous normal conception with less cost and reduced risks [5] .


Due to their electrical and mechanical properties, carbon nanofibers are of large interest for diverse applications, from batteries to solar cells to filters. They can be produced by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN), stabilizing the gained nanofiber mats, and afterwards, carbonizing them in inert gas. The electrospun base material and the stabilization process are crucial for the results of the carbonization process, defining the whole fiber morphology. While blending PAN with gelatin to gain highly porous nanofibers has been reported a few times in the literature, no attempts have been made yet to stabilize and carbonize these fibers. This paper reports on the first tests of stabilizing PAN/gelatin nanofibers, depicting the impact of different stabilization temperatures and heating rates on the chemical properties as well as the morphologies of the resulting nanofiber mats. Similar to stabilization of pure PAN, a stabilization temperature of 280°C seems suitable, while the heating rate does not significantly influence the chemical properties. Compared to stabilization of pure PAN nanofiber mats, approximately doubled heating rates can be used for PAN/gelatin blends without creating undesired conglutinations, making this base material more suitable for industrial processes.


As many as four rivers affected by brown coal mine waters were surveyed: Notec (Lubstow open-pit mine), Pichna (Tomislawice), Widawka (Belchatow), and Grojecki Channel (Drzewce). Identical procedures of sampling and laboratory analyses were applied in all of them. Heavy metal concentrations, pH reaction, and conductivity in river sediments were analyzed in warm periods of 2012 and 2013 to assess the impact of mine waters on riverbed material. Data on heavy metal concentrations, pH, and conductivity of water were recorded in warm periods in 2011-13. For the Lubstow open-pit mine, closed in the year 2009, data from water samples collected in 2004-05 were used. Results showed that the impact of lignite mine waters on total heavy metals in river sediments was low in the case of the Notec and Pichna rivers. In Grojecki Channel at the site situated 1 km below the mine waters discharge the total heavy metal concentration in the bottom substrate was significantly higher than above the mine waters discharge outlet. An opposite trend was observed in the Widawka River sediments (715 mg of heavy metals·kg -1 of dry matter), where the total heavy metal concentration in the substrate 1 km below the mine waters discharge outlet decreased by approx. 44%. This was related to low concentrations of heavy metals in the Belchatow mine waters, amounting to 0.033 mg·L -1


The laboratory of university is an important place for developing the experimental teaching and scientific research,and the higher education development force university to carry on the reform on the laboratory construction and administration in order to meet the need of socialist market economy.The laboratory accreditation system has strict experimental administration and appraisal system,therefore,the investigation of laboratory accreditation system construction in university is vital to the practical teaching and scientific research.


Commercial α-Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders with 0.5 wt% TEOS were used to fabricate transparent polycrystalline YAG ceramics by reactive spark plasma sintering. The powder mixtures were dispersed with dispersants of PAA and citric acid in aqueous slurry. YAG specimens sintered at 1400 °C for 3 min were used to investigate the effect of processing parameters on the microstructure and the optical properties. It is found that a pretreatment of the powders mixture with 0.6 wt% citric acid can significantly improve the microstructure homogeneity of the as-sintered YAG ceramics. After post-annealing in wet air, the specimen sintered from the treated powders mixture was transparent, while the specimen from the untreated powders mixture was hazy. The effects of citric acid for this were investigated in this paper.


The main features of target detection based on non-cooperative illuminators is introduced in this paper, develop status quo of passive radar and basic structure of the system presented, and the key techniques which are required for implementing the system and their current development described.


Severe soil-water loss and unfertile soil frequently occur under karst desertification environments. The surface-underground dual structure in these areas allows the surface water to leak into the subsurface through cracks and sinkholes, as well as other conduits, causing a special "karst drought". Hence, water-resource shortage has become a challenge for local agricultural development. To realize efficient utilization of water resources, an urgent need is to clearly understand and study the law of farmland hydrological cycles under agroforestry practices, which is still understudied. Here, we focused on the hydrological cycle at the farmland scale and water-saving measures under agroforestry in three study areas representing different degrees of karst desertification. First, a significant positive correlation was found between total and available precipitations as well as land evapotranspiration (LET). Second, under agronomic measures, the soil water content in the three areas was all higher than that of the control group while soil evaporation was all lower. This indicates that agronomic measures can contribute to the efficient use of water resources by halting soil evaporation and increasing soil water content. Third, dwarf dense planting and pruning technologies were helpful in inhibiting crop transpiration and reducing vegetation interception. Fourth, in the farmland hydrological cycle of agroforestry, 77.45% of precipitation transformed into soil water storage, 24.81% into soil evaporation, 20.73% into plant transpiration, 17.40% into groundwater, and 5.18% into vegetation interception. However, their sum was greater than 100%, suggesting that the farmland-scale water cycle is an open system. The implication is that different agronomic practices under agroforestry bring certain water-saving benefits by constraining the conversion of ineffective water and promoting the storage of effective water, thus opening up promising opportunities for efficiently utilizing water resources in karst desertification areas. The finding is also significant to the control of karst desertification, soil and water conservation, and karst drought alleviation.


The article studies the effectiveness of the electroimpulse sympathocorrector influence on the area of the cervical sympathetic ganglia in patients with early signs of ageing. Using the ultrasound angiography method, we found that the course of sympathocorrection normalizes the diameter of internal jugular veins and contributes to improvement of cerebral venous outflow. In its turn, this implies that the development of angiodystonic changes, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis in the organism are decelerated. The method of percutaneous electroimpulse actions in the area of the cervical sympathetic ganglia can be recommended as a way to prevent premature and accelerated ageing in the blood circulatory system and as an additional method in complex therapy.


OBJECTIVE:To provide gene-level evidence for hepatic early damage of staff exposed to irradiation.METHODS:The study analyzed the differential gene experession profile of normal human hepatocytes and human hepatocytes irradiated at 2 different doses(0.5 and 1.0 Gyγ-rays) using whole genome chip after4 and 24 h. RESULTS:There were 218 differentially expressed genes irradiated with 2 doses after 4 h,and there were 1 475 differentially expressed genes irradiated with 2 doses after 24 h.There were 235 differentially expressed genes irradiated with 0.5 Gy in 2 time-points.There were 170 differentially expressed genes irradiated with 1.0 Gy in 2 time points.There were 129 differentially expressed genes irradiated with 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy at 4 h and 24 h.Some interesting pathways such as insulin synthesis and secretion were found.The quantities of IGF2BP3 and EGR1 mRNA analyzed with real-time PCR were consisitent with gene chip.CONCLUSION:There were 129 differentially expressed genes identified.Irradiation caused early damage to human hepatocytes at many targets,many levels and through many pathways.


Consolidated accounting for corporations in Spain was rare before the Seventh European Directive, adopted by the European Union in 1983, and only became compulsory in 1991. During the intervening years a number of firms elected to adopt consolidated accounting even though they were not required to do so. These circumstances provide a useful insight into the early adoption of accounting practices as, in contrast with most previous studies of early adoption, (a) many firms adopted the accounting techniques well in advance of the required date, (b) consolidation makes a substantial impact on reported financial statements, and (c) the effect of consolidation can be beneficial or adverse. We find that those firms which adopted consolidated accounting early reported a significantly better change in reported performance at the time of adoption than those firms which only consolidated when required to do so. Firms that are subject to government regulation also tended to adopt early but the impact of consolidation on reported performance was not beneficial for regulated early adopters.


Since the development of the steel used for high strength welding wire, Al has been added to steel to prevent Ti from being oxidized which increases non metallic inclusion of steel, reduces its castability and results in low sequence casting rate and high production cost in casting process. Constant efforts are made to optimize steel-making, refining and casting processes and production rhythm, so the steel castability is improved, the sequence casting rate increased, the production cost reduced and the number of sequence casting heats of the steel used for high strength welding wire substantially increased.


We demonstrate how direct (constrained) ordination methods can be used to analyze differential control by different weed management tactics. Weed biomass data of individual weed species were compiled for 110 trials on potatoes, each of which included a mechanical control treatment, a herbicide treatment, and an untreated control. We used "trial id" as 110 categorical dummy covariables, thereby eliminating between-trial variation, and made direct comparisons between the data from numerous trials. Unweeded plots had the largest biomass of all species as expected. Contrasting the results for the standard herbicide and the mechanical control treatments in a separate analysis, we could rank species from those best controlled by the herbicide (several annuals) to those best controlled by the mechanical treatment (a perennial grass and a climbing annual). Nomenclature: Potato, Solanum tuberosum L. Additional index words: Metribuzin, multivariate analysis, redundancy analysis, selectivity, Sweden, weed community. Abbreviations: pRDA, partial Redundancy Analysis; RDA, Redundancy Analysis.


As men age, andropause is the gradual decline in testosterone production with increasing age. The symptoms of andropause include the loss of physical and psychological activity. Some studies of anti-andropause therapy have mentioned significant process in reducing the symptoms, but, the effects of natural substances are not fully studied. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of carob (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) extract on the symptoms of andropause by increasing serum testosterone levels and reducing andropause symptoms. Carob which belongs to the legume family, contains many vitamins and minerals, and has a high dietary fiber and protein content. We studied the effect of carob on 13-month-old aging male rats. After daily administration of carob for 4 weeks, testosterone levels, sperm counts, motor coordination were increased. Additionally, body weight and body fat mass were decreased in carob-fed groups compared with in untreated groups. Carob did not affect testicle weight, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. Overall, these results suggest that carob is a safe and effective natural substance for the relief of andropause symptoms and may also improve a wide variety of other symptoms. Chung-Ang J Med 2016; 41(2): 35-41


Multiplications-Accumulations (MACs) are the significant computations in deep learning networks that must be hardware efficient and result in higher inference accuracy for the given set of network layers. Typically, the processing engines (PEs) which comprise the MAC units are the most resource-intensive element in a Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerator. This paper proposes efficient PEs and presents an architectural design, accuracy, and resources cost analysis for hardware-based parameterized Posit Quire Processing Engine (PQPE) supporting P(8,0), P(16,1), P(32,2), and P(64,3). PQPE performs the vector computations (dot products) on Posit numbers with a wide quire accumulator and has been enabled with instructions, commands, and responses. PQPE has been modelled in Python to evaluate the inference accuracy for various DNN kernels and datasets. LeNet-5, AlexNet, custom 5 layers and 4 layers CNN models have been adopted and evaluated for inference accuracy with MNIST, CIFAR-10, and Alphabet recognition datasets. The PQPE has been used for matrix computations in convolutions. P(16,1) without quire provides same accuracy as float32 with less hardware resources. P(16,1) with quire brings same accuracy level as without quire and hence quire is not advantageous for larger posit data widths. Posit (8,0) with / without quire results insignificant loss of 0.8% / 3.28% (LeNet + MNIST) to 3.8% / 10.1% (AlexNet + CIFAR-10) accuracy as compared to P(16,1)/float32. Further, PQPE was modelled using Verilog HDL, synthesized targeting Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA using Xilinx-Vivado. PQPE (8,0) achieved a $f_{max}$ of 372 MHz and utilized 77.6% fewer hardware resources as compared to float32 at the cost of insignificant accuracy loss for CIFAR-10 which is 0.8% on LeNet and 3.8% on AlexNet. PQPE (16,1) has used 6.5% less resources and achieved equivalent accuracy as compared to float32.


Trade Unions are organizations that represent people at work. 'Representing' could mean someone from the union meeting with management on behalf of a member or a group of staff or taking up a problem with the employer for others. Trade unions aim to protect their members. This includes making sure that workplaces are safe and that people's health is not being put at risk through their jobs. It also means legal protection – trade unions usually employ lawyers to make sure that companies and organizations treat their staff in accordance with the law. Trade unions aim to improve their members' pay and conditions. If a single member of staff approaches management because they feel they should be paid more, they are much less likely to be successful than if every member of staff speaks as one through their trade union. Trade unions collectively negotiate better pay and conditions on behalf of their members and, statistically, union members earn more than non-union members.


Objective To study the best projection position of cervical articular facet.Methods The cervical facet angle(FA) which was the joint angle between sagittal plane of body and the continual line of cervical facet was measured on cervical CT images in 63 healthy people.Results The FA was 70°~75°,during projection,the coronal plane of body in the form of 70°~75° to the film,this projection position was called cervical facet position.Conclusion Cervical facets and its interspace of joint can be showed clearly in the cervical facet position of projection.


Objective To investigate the feasibility of transdifferentiation of bone marrow parenchymal stem cells(MSCs)into functional submandibular gland acinar cells(SMGCs) using a co-culture system.Method Bone marrow parenchymal stem cells were isolated from adult SD rats and cultured,purified,identified in vitro,at the same time,submandibular gland acinar cells were isolated from neonatal rats and cultured,purifide,identified in vitro,then MSCs of passage 1 were co-cultured with SMGCs of passage 2,to induce the MSCs to transdifferentiate into acinar cells.Since the acinar cell was the only cell which had the function of secreting amylase,the transdifferentiation of bone marrow cell was identified by immunocytochemical analysis with amylase.Result Cobblestone-like submandibular gland acinar cells were found after purification,and amylase was successfully detected both in culture medium and cells of passage 0-5 respectively.The MSCs were in fusiform shape,arranged in bundles or whorls,and can successfully be transdifferentiated into adipocytes,which was confirmed by using Oil Red-O staining.Expression of amylase,which may indicate successful transdifferntiation of MSCs into acinar cells,was found in 30% of MSCs after being co-cultured for 1 week,and in 50% after co-culturing for 2 and 3 weeks.Conclusion It has been successful to culture SMGCs and MSCs in vitro,and it has also been demonstrated that the the rat MSCs have the potentiality of being transdifferentiated into acinar cells,therefore it is applicable in salivary gland tissue engineering.


A general purpose electromagnetic simulation and optimization package IE3D has been developed for the analysis and design of planar and 3D structures encountered in microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMIC), high temperature superconductor (HTS) circuits, microstrip antennas, RF printed circuit boards (PCB) and high speed digital circuit packaging. Based upon an integral equation, method of moment algorithm, the simulator can accurately and efficiently simulate arbitrarily shaped and oriented 3D metallic structures in multi-layer dielectric substrates. The simulator is interfaced with standard MS-Windows based layout editor, schematic editor and post processor. The IE3D simulation results compared with measured results are presented in this paper.<<ETX>>


Trial on finedly feeding Procambarus clarkii by using compound feed was carried out in the study. According to the level of protein feed, the three trial groups and one control were ensured. The result indicated that the three trial groups in the end weight was significantly higher than that of the control (P0.01), among the third trial group was the highest one attained 21.65 g. Meanwhile the third trial group was significantly high than that of the first trial group in end weight, the second group was high than that of the first trial group. The analysis showed that yield can attain 260 kg/667m2 with using compound feed, and 321 yuan of economic returns can be increased per 667 m2. Therefore, it can efficiently use land resource and human resource.


Driven by a large digital simulation environment, CFD calculation software is used to simulate test results so that they can be effectively applied to engineering practice. This paper explores the suitable outdoor wind environment for residential areas in the hot summer and the cold winter. Taking Xishan Huijing in Changsha as an example, the most unfavorable wind field environment is used as the boundary condition, and the optimal design mode for this residential area is explored based on the Butterfly platform. The research in this paper is mainly divided into five steps: (1) using Rhino 7.0 to establish a 3D model; (2) using the Butterfly 0.0.05 platform to simulate the wind field and export the data at the same time, and to realize the preview through the visualization method; (3) processing the exported simulation data and the calculation of related indices; (4) applying the entropy-based TOPSIS method on the MATLAB 2020 platform to rank the preferred scheme and obtain the corresponding index weights; and (5) using a K-means cluster analysis on SPSS 26 software to optimize the scheme. The results show that (1) the wind environment quality will be overestimated in the summer if the influence of neighboring buildings on the site is not considered, while the opposite is true in the winter, with the error of both reaching two times. (2) The weights of the indicators determined by the TOPSIS entropy weighting method indicate that wind protection in the winter should be prioritized over natural ventilation in the summer in this area. The maximum wind speed in the winter has the most significant weight, reaching 0.287, and the uniformity of the wind field in the summer is the most important, reaching 0.1102. (3) In the layout design of the residential district, the staggered layout of the 60 m high slab houses in the northern, northeastern, and northwestern directions of the site creates a better wind field environment, which attains the highest score by the TOPSIS entropy weighting method, reaching 0.1539, with the second highest score, reaching 0.1511, for the layout method. The research results will provide a scientific basis for the design of residential buildings in the hot-summer and cold-winter regions in China, and also help designers to better grasp the outdoor wind environment of residential buildings in the pre-design stage.


Employee retention refers to the ability of an organization to retain its employees. By identifying the factors causing employee turnover, the organization can develop and maintain the strategies that help them to retain their employees. To identify the factors for the employee's satisfaction. The success of any manufacturing organization depends largely on the workers, the employees are considered as asset of the Sri Vishnu Engineering.


Oil products are used not only as final consumption goods but also as inputs in many economic activities. In this context, the changes in oil prices and their effects on the economy requires research on this subject. Changes in oil prices are an important indicator for both importing and exporting countries. Many macroeconomic indicators are affected by oil price shocks in various ways. In this study, the presence of causality relation between oil price and inflation is examined for the BRICS-T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey) countries, which are known to have a high growth rate among global economies. These countries have an important position in the world both as a net oil exporter and as an importer. Changes in oil prices, especially in the context of importing countries are one of the determining factors of the inflation rate. Relative raises in oil prices need a particular process to trigger inflation. Increases in oil prices will increase input costs and cause the prices of goods and services to rise, and inflation will increase. Therefore, a relative increase in an item can affect inflation with the price increase in many items in which oil is used. In this study, the causality relationship between the variables is examined by means of the frequency domain causality test suggested by Breitung and Candelon (2006). In addition, we employ asymmetric causality tests to determine the effect of positive and negative oil price shocks on inflation. Analysis results show that the causality relationship between oil prices and inflation differs by country. EXTENDED ABSTRACT The study aims to examine the causality relation from oil price to inflation in emerging countries namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey. It is well known that oil is one of the important inputs in the production process and hence it is expected that changes in the oil price affect macroeconomic variables. On the other hand, the effect of oil prices on macroeconomic variables varies depending on whether the country is an oil importer or exporter. In other words, the increases in the oil price may have a positive effect on oil exporter countries but oil importer countries have been negatively affected by increases in the oil price. There are several reasons for choosing these countries in the study. First, the countries in the sample are major emerging economies and also these are major net oil-exporting and importing countries. Therefore, it allows us to examine the effect of oil price changes on inflation in terms of oil exporting and importing countries. Secondly, except for China, the countries in question are taking place in the country group that is called fragile eight countries and high current deficits and inflation rates are the common feature of these countries. Finally, these countries adopted inflation targeting as monetary policy and hence a better understanding of the relation between oil price and inflation may guide policymakers. We examine the presence of causality from oil price to inflation by using the frequency domain causality test suggested by Breitung and Candelon (2006). Although there is well-documented literature that focuses on causality relation between the variables by using conventional causality tests, there is a limited number of studies that examine the dynamic relationship between the variables using frequency domain causality test. Note that we augment the frequency domain causality test by considering the asymmetric relationship between the variables. To the best of our knowledge, the paper is the first attempt to examine causality relation between the variables via asymmetric frequency domain causality test. The frequency-domain causality test allows us to examine the dynamic relationship between the variables in terms of asymmetric effects of positive and negative oil price shocks on inflation as well as distinguish between short-run and long-run effects. The conventional Granger causality test results suggest the presence of causality The frequency-domain causality test results show that there is an only causal link from positive oil price shocks to in the long-run The test results for indicate that there is symmetric and asymmetric causality relation going from oil price to inflation and positive and negative oil price shocks are the Granger cause of inflation in the long-run. The empirical results for show that it is fond significant causality relation running from oil price to both in the short and long run, and also positive and negative oil price shocks are found to be Granger cause of inflation. Similar results are obtained for South Africa and oil price is Granger cause of inflation both in the short and long run. The statistically significant causality relation is also determined in terms of negative and positive oil price shocks. Finally, we determine weak causality relations in India and only negative oil price shocks are found to be Granger cause of isimleri o ülkeye ait enflasyon serileridir.


A robotic assembly task is usually implemented as a sequence of simple motions, and the transitions between the motions are made when some events occur. These events can usually be detected with thresholds on some signal, but faster response is possible by detecting the transient on that signal. This paper considers the problem of detecting these transients. A force-controlled assembly task is used as an experimental case, and transients in measured force/torque data are considered. A systematic approach to train machine-learning based classifiers is presented. The classifiers are further implemented in the assembly task, resulting in a 15%reduction of the total assembly time.