Existence and stability of stationary solutions of nonlinear random difference equations are studied in this note. Firstly, we give the weak conditions that guarantee the continuity of Lypanunov exponents under small random perturbations. Secondly, we find out the conditions under which the ratio of the random norm and the standard Euclidean norm has deterministic bounds. Based on these new results, we provide easy-to-use conditions that guarantee the existence and almost sure stability of a stationary solution. In addition, we also prove that the stationary solution converges with probability one to the fixed point of the corresponding deterministic system as the noise intensity tends to zero.


Duocarmycins, including KW‐2189, bind in the minor groove of double‐stranded DNA at A‐T‐rich sequences, followed by covalent bonding with N‐3 of adenine in preferred sequences. We examined the effect of DNA‐repair modulators, such as caffeine and aphidicolin, on the cytotoxicity of duocarmycins towards human lung cancer cells, as determined by dye formation assay. Caffeine (0.5 or 1 mM), but not aphidicolin, enhanced the growth‐inhibitory activity of KW‐2189, DU‐86, and duocarmycin SA. Caffeine inhibited repair of DNA strand breaks induced by KW‐2189, as assayed by the alkaline elution technique. This suggests that duocarmycin‐induced DNA strand breaks, which are potentially lethal to cells, are repaired through a caffeine‐sensitive pathway.


The research aimed to study the characteristic and yield of Mozzarella cheese produced by using rennin enzyme from Mucor miehei which is grown at rice bran and molasses medium. The popularity of Mozzarella cheese in Indonesia is increased caused by the spreading of western foods in Indonesia such as pizza and spaghetti that use Mozzarella cheese for ingredient. In Italy, Mozzarella and pizza cheeses are dominating 78% of the total Italian Cheese products. In producing Mozzarella cheese, rennin enzyme is always used as milk coagulant. Even now, Indonesia has not produced the rennin enzyme yet. The rennin enzyme from Mucor miehei growing at rice bran and molases medium which have the availability can be managed purposively within short period of time. The completly randomized design methode used to get the best crude extracts of Mucor miehei rennin enzyme, then is employed to produce mozzarella cheese. The result of Mozzarella cheese has various characteristics such as the yield's weight is 9.1%, which consists of 50% moisture content, 36.64% peotein levels, 0.1 melting ability and 82.72% stretch ability or 0.79/N. With that characteristic it is concluded that rennin enzyme from Mucor miehei grown at rice bran molasses medium has the potential to alternatively subtitute calf rennin to produce Mozzarella cheese, and the characteristics fulfill the standart.


In mobile environment,data broadcasting is an important data dissemination and data retrieving approach.In order to improve the reliability of data broadcasting,making mobile clients access data items effectively,this paper proposed an adaptive equal-distance algorithm under mobile environment.According to the interference on broadcast data items,this adaptive equal-distance algorithm ranges data items with equal-distance.The performance of this adaptive equal-distance algorithm was analyzed finally.Experimental results show that this algorithm improves the reliability efficiently.


This review examines and synthesizes recent research on pathways to parenthood. We begin by providing basic information about patterns, differentials, and trends and discussing adoption and new reproductive technologies. We next turn to several areas of inquiry that became particularly prominent in the last decade: the continued "decoupling" of marriage and childbearing, the parental relationship context of nonmarital childbearing, family structure stability, multiple partner fertility, and racial and ethnic variation in childbearing patterns. We then consider the implications of this body of scholarship and identify avenues for future research. Throughout, we highlight racial/ethnic and social class variation in childbearing patterns. Key Words: cohabitation, demography, family structure, inequality, parenthood, U.S. families. How a family forms and who forms it are fundamental issues in family research. As attested by a large body of academic work and by ongoing debates in the media, political forums, and popular culture, the answers to these questions matter. Moreover, the study of who becomes a parent, when, why, and in what context adds to our understanding of a range of topic domains - social change, economic advantage and disadvantage, and demographic trends, among others. This article focuses on fertility and childbearing patterns, the contexts in which parenthood occurs, and the implications of these patterns. We review research from 1999 through 2009 and synthesize the major contributions of this body of work, focusing largely on studies appearing in peer-reviewed journals from a variety of social science disciplines. Our research began using the Social Sciences Citation Index, a database including 1,700 peer-reviewed journals in roughly 50 disciplines. We also performed targeted, hands-on searches of several interdisciplinary journals, including Journal of Marriage and Family, Journal of Family Issues, and Demography. It is essential to keep in mind the familial backdrop of changes that informs recent research on childbearing (Cherlin, 2010). These include the increasing age at marriage, high levels of marital dissolution, the growing prevalence of cohabitation, and rising proportions of births taking place outside of marriage, to name but a few. It is against this backdrop that the research synthesized here should be contextualized. What emerges is a clear, if complex, picture: Although a baby born today is more likely to be born to a mother-father married couple than to any other family type, he or she has many contemporaries who are born to single mothers, same-sex parents, unmarried cohabiting parents, or who live with adoptive parents. This review is divided into two main sections. The first section provides an overview of contemporary childbearing patterns, reviewing basic descriptive findings about childbearing trends and patterns, the timing of childbearing, childlessness, adoption, and new reproductive technologies. The second section identifies and discusses several major research questions that form key areas of recent and emerging scholarship about childbearing and the ramifications of the parental context in which childbearing occurs. We conclude by summarizing the implications of the research reviewed and identifying directions for future inquiry. BASIC FACTS ON CHILDBEARING PATTERNS TRENDS AND DIFFERENTIALS In 2007, just over 4.3 million babies were born in the United States, bringing the birthrate to population replacement level for the second time since 1971 (B. E. Hamilton, Martin, & Ventura, 2009). Of all births occurring in 2007, the majority were to married couples - a little more than 60%. In 1970, this figure stood at a substantially higher 89.3%. This change is accounted for in part by the rising share of births to unmarried women or couples, from 10.7% in 1970 to 39.7% in 2006 (B. E. Hamilton et al.; Ventura & Bachrach, 2000). …


pioneer work on tle autonomic nervouLs system, and it is lhere that Langley lhas for so miiany years carried out his remnarkable investigations, whiclh have added suclh a wealth of detail to the foundations whvhich had been so truly laid. And one of the earliest cliniical contributions to the subject camue from the pen of our revered Presidlent, the Regius Professor of Plhysic in the University of Canmbridge, wlho in 1884 chose "Visceral Neuroses" as thle subject of his Goulstonian Lectures. For a discussion on suclh a wide subject as the diagnosis of the nervouis disorders of the stoillaclh and intestilnes to be profitable it is essential to sticli to facts. Mulch of the traditional teachling dates from a time whe-n knowledge of the plhysiology and anatomy of the stomach and intestines was very ructimuentary, alnd clinical metlhods of exanminatioln were much less accurate tljan tlley are now; but it lhas kept its place in textbooks of medicine in spite of the failure of modern researcll to confirm` it. An attemnpt must first be made to gain a clear conception of what is meant by certain terms, suclh as ftinctional,


In the proposed paper, we designed low phase noise frequency synthesizer for Ku-band. The proposed up-mixing frequency synthesizer consists of narrow local oscillation part and variable frequency oscillation part. To improve the phase noise of frequency synthesizer, we analyze how the configuration of frequency synthesizer affect the phase noise. The implemented frequency synthesizer reduce the phase noise. The phase noise is -95.18dBc/Hz at 7kHz frequency offset in 16GHz and -94.27dBc/Hz at 7kHz frequency offset in 16.125GHz.


This essay considers, in general terms, a vexing hypothetical question: why did the Muscovite elite (the ranks of syn boiarskii through boiarin) not rise up to limit in some fashion the authority of the autocratic tsar? The question presupposes an ancient and commonsensical theory of political behavior, namely, that oppressed people (and particularly notables), if they "understand" their downtrodden situation, will often rebel against the oppressive power. This theory is generally supported by late medieval and early modern European constitutional history, which may be seen as a struggle (largely waged by the powerful) against intrusive and oppressive monarchy. The case of the Muscovite elite is interesting because it does not follow the theory of resistance to oppression or the European historical pattern that unfolded in accordance with it. Rather, Muscovite constitutional history seems to represent a political paradox. By all appearances, the Muscovite elite was, comparatively speaking, quite downtrodden by the crown: its members referred to themselves as "slaves," submitted to "merciless" floggings with the knout, were subject to expropriation of property, and so on. As might be expected, the high-born and powerful occasionally expressed their comprehension of this peculiar status. Yet (and herein lies the paradox), the Muscovite elite did not seriously attempt to limit either Riurikid (prior to 1598) or Romanov (after 1613) autocratic power. There are a number of ways to resolve the paradox of the downtrodden though passive Muscovite elite. First, several scholars have argued that the elite was not really oppressed, but only pretended to be so in front of foreign visitors. Not understanding that the elite's fawning and ritual abasement was a kind of political show, visiting Europeans described (erroneously, according to this theory) the tsar as a "despot" and his men as "slaves." Second, it is possible to imagine that Muscovite notables were so isolated from European-style consti-


This article analyzes some inconsistent or puzzling observations in the data derivedfrom the new approach to measuring ethnicity first used in the 1980 census. These puzzles include the simplification of children's origins by parents who each have a different single ethnic origin, inconsistencies in the ethnic origins that parents ascribe to their children, and changes in the pattern of ancestry responses across the life span of individuals. Through careful analysis of the pattern of reporting of ethnic ancestry, we explore whether these puzzles are due to technical inadequacies of census design or to true substantive changes in the conceptualization of ethnic origin among whites in the U.S. For those changes we determine to be primarily substantive, we explore the social forces shaping the observed changes and some of the consequences of these changes for the size and composition of ethnic ancestry groups in the U.S. We also outline the implications of some of these changes for future empirical research and theorzing on


Reports on the development of a robotic nanoscale-sized hand (nanohand) at the Mikroelektronik Centret (MIC) in the Technical University of Denmark.


Study of geochemistry of groundwater is an important aspect for its suitability for various utility/Purposes. Each groundwater system in an area has a unique chemistry due to chemical alteration of meteoric water and recharging of aquifer system which results to change in the chemical quality of groundwater. It depend on many factors like duration of rock water interaction dissolution of mineral species, sea water ingress and other anthropogenic impacts. Statistical methods has a better representation of hydro chemical data rather than near graphical plots & diagrams due to the finite number of variables, where variables are limited to conventional major ions to establish superior relationship by introducing certain procedures among various statistical techniques, factor analysis was found to be useful for understanding hydro chemical dependence and processes controlling them with the above objective study has been made to perform factor analysis for the hydro chemical data of south west Neyveli basin.


Space-borne gravitational-wave interferometers such as LISA will detect the gravitational wave (GW) signal from the inspiral, plunge, and ringdown phases of massive black hole binary mergers at cosmological distances. From the inspiral waves, we will be able to measure the masses of the binaries' members; from the ringdown waves, we will be able to measure the mass of the final merged remnant. A subset of detected events allow the identification of both the inspiral and the ringdown waveforms in a given source and thus allow a measurement of the total mass-energy lost to GWs over the coalescence, MGW. We define "golden" binary mergers to be those with measurement errors likely to be small enough for a physically useful determination of MGW. A detailed sensitivity study, combined with simple black hole population models, suggests that a few golden binary mergers may be detected during a 3 yr LISA mission lifetime. Any such mass deficit measurement would constitute a robust and valuable observational test of strong-field relativistic gravity. An extension of this concept to include spin measurements may allow a direct empirical test of the black hole area theorem.


Problem: Urban development can fragment natural habitats, alter hydrologic systems, and modify energy flows and nutrient cycles. The literature on mitigating ecological impacts of urban development contains extensive support for engineered infrastructure, but few studies have characterized the factors that foster effective involvement of community members in urban ecological restoration. Purpose: This article aims to explain why one community-initiated environmental stewardship program has been successful, and offers lessons on how to use community resources to establish similar programs elsewhere. We ask: (1) How can citizens become more involved in the stewardship of their local watershed? (2) What is the optimal mix of local technical expertise and community capacity? and (3) What innovations and accommodations must public agencies make to improve community involvement in environmental stewardship? Methods: We draw on data from surveys, interviews, and participant reports from 12 years of Portland's Community Watershed Stewardship Program (CWSP) to characterize the prerequisites to developing an effective community-based environmental management program. Results and conclusions: We conclude that programs encouraging the public to participate in environmental planning and stewardship need flexibility to allow innovation and accommodation in the planning process. We observe that community partners have great success completing projects they themselves initiate, and that are physically located nearby. We also find that developing a partnership with a local university was an important component of this effective environmental stewardship program. Takeaway for practice: Community-based watershed stewardship programs, if designed correctly, have the potential to increase citizen trust in government, improve the biophysical environment, and foster participants' ecological understanding. Involving the community in urban watershed management programs fills gaps between what public institutions can achieve and what the community needs. This coproduction provides opportunities for citizens to develop ownership of the local landscape, which may in turn increase the number of community groups involved, and the overall geographic reach of restoration projects. Research support: None


The performance of an asphalt surface is largely determined by the used binder. Depending on the location, the asphalt road is exposed to wide temperature ranges. Test methods that are commonly used, generally focus either on the cold end, e.g. with the resistance against low temperature cracking addressed by the thermal stress restrained specimen test or at the warm end, e.g. with the resistance against permanent deformation addressed by the cyclic compression test. Until now, no test method to address both competing ends and therefore the whole scope of the application has been established. The tensile creep test (TCT) is a test method which addresses binder or mortar at low temperatures. However, results of this test method may indicate the performance of an asphalt mixture at both high as well as low temperatures. The paper introduces the test method TCT, results of tests on binder and mortar and correlates them with the asphalt's resistance to rutting and cold-induced cracking.


The present study shows an exergy-based strategy for defining the type of Heat Integrated Distillation Column HIDiC, most suitable for separating the propylene-propane system. For comparing and validating the results, the analysis was performed on conventional column, vapor recompression column (VRC) and several HIDiC configurations: Top, Bottom, Basic, Optimal and Total. Uniform heat transfer area was used for the heat distribution between the internal and external column sections. As main result, it was found that Top HIDiC has the best performance among the HIDiC configurations with a 66.4% of exergy saving compared to a conventional column, followed by the Total HIDiC with a 43.4%. In fact, Top HIDiC shows better exergetic behavior than VRC (55.0% of exergy saving), which is currently used in the industry for the separation of the studied system. Additionally, results confirm that the selection of the configuration for energy integration is not an obvious task and that the presented strategy can be applied for the analysis of the separation of other mixtures.


Background: Acanthamoeba is a free living ubiquitous protozoa, capable of causing Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) of eyes and Acanthamoeba meningitis/ meningoencephalitis (AME) of central nervous system in human. Identification of amoeba is possible by a light microscope but, due to its poor resolution power, it is insufficient to distinguish the intimate sub cellular structures. As the resolution power of Differential Interference Contrast microscope (DIC) is more compared to light microscope, it can perfectly distinguish the trophozoite and cyst forms of amoeba on the basis of morphology, but the detailed understanding and characterization of the inner cell structure and sub cellular organelles is only possible with an electron microscope. Methods: Corneal scraping was collected from a clinically suspected AK patient reporting to the outpatient department (OPD) of Dr RP. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India with prior consent and thorough clinical examination under a slit lamp. Specimen was plated carefully onto a 2% non-nutrient agar plate previously seeded with live E. coli. Growth of amoeba over the agar surface was confirmed with a light microscope. DIC microscope and electron microscope were implemented to study the morphology and anatomy of Acanthamoeba. Results: Prominent spine like structures i.e. acanthapodia were clearly visible on the outer surface of Acanthamoeba trophozoites and prominent double layer cell wall (exocyst and endocyst) was seen in the mature cyst form with DIC microscope. Several oval mitochondrias, food vacuoles and water expulsion vacuoles were seen within the cytoplasm of trophozoite of Acanthamoeba sp. by electron microscopy. Number of Golgi bodies were more within the cyst and found close to the inner cell wall. Conclusions: Although identification of Acanthamoeba sp. can be possible with light and DIC microscopes but analysis of the anatomical changes from trophozoite to cyst forms can be studied with an electron microscope.


The decay of 77As was reinvestigated by means of a Ge(Li) detector, γ–γ coincidences and sum coincidence spectra were also measured with a Ge(Li)–NaI(Tl) assembly. Five new gamma rays are observed at 62.2, 82.0, 139.2, 200.6, and 439.7 keV, which are situated in a revised level scheme of 77Se. An anomalous 5/2+ level of 301 keV, seen in 76Se(d,p)77Se experiments, is suggested to be fed in the decay of 77As, with a branching ratio of 0.014%. The 440 keV (5/2−) collective level is also fed by 0.001% of the decays.


The lifelong education is the total of training one will have had all one's life. It shows that the education is lifelong, the learning is daily activities and socialization. The emergence and development of lifelong education impact the aim, status, curriculum and teaching of traditional education which is lagged behind the times. Compared with traditional education, the lifelong education is an overall education which embodies one's individual character and makes one perfect. It forms new learning concept, and surpass traditional education while the value judging of education is pluralistic.


In this paper, a golf swing motion tracking system is proposed, where golf club trajectory (position and velocity) and club face orientation information are given. Infrared LEDs and an inertial sensor unit are attached on a golf club and a stereo camera unit is used. During the address and impact golf swing phases, the cameras capture infrared LEDs on a golf club. Using infrared LEDs as landmarks, position and orientation of a golf club is computed. When a golf club is moving, an inertial navigation algorithm is used to compute the golf club trajectory. An indirect Kalman filter with 9 states is used to combine inertial sensor and vision data. The average position accuracy is about 3.6cm and the maximum error is about 13.2cm. The proposed system can be used to analyze the golf swing quantitatively.


In Furman v. Georgia, Justice Marshall hypothesized that informed individuals would not support the death penalty. To test this hypothesis, survey results from 730 students at a Michigan university were used. Students read one of three essays; one focusing on death penalty deterrence research, another on the chances of sentencing an innocent person to death, and the third on the general reasons for punishing offenders (i.e., the control essay). The innocence essay resulted in a small but statistically significant reduction of support. There was no statistically significant reduction in support for the death penalty among the deterrence and control essay groups. The findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are made.


Abstract Preparation coating materials is a fundamental point in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber fabrications. So, a hydrothermal approach was developed for fabricating 3 D hierarchically molybdenum disulfide/layered double hydroxide on anodized HB pencil lead, Nanosheets of a porous molybdenum disulfide and layered double hydroxide were directionally arranged on anodized HB pencil lead and used as a fiber coating for selectively analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) by headspace SPME method. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, According to the results, this coating indicated considerable potential due to extracting trace amounts of some carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in water samples. The essential parameters such as extraction time, extraction temperature, agitation speed, and ionic strength of sample that mainly affect the adsorption process were optimized and in optimum values, the repeatabilities for one fiber were between 4.6% and 9.1% for the test compounds were achieved. The studied compounds were assessed within the detection limits as follows: 0.028 to 0.42 ngL−1.


The variations in the ordering of white samples by different observers have been investigated. Twenty white samples with low to high CIE whiteness indices were prepared and ranked by 22 amateur observers and the variations in the ordering decisions of the observers were compared. Results show a significant consistency between the assessments of the observers for the white samples with low indices of whiteness. However, a large level of disagreement was found between the observers for the whiter samples. In fact, the range of ranks assigned by viewers for each sample increases with an increase in the whiteness of the specimens. Distributions of the assigned orders for the samples are interpreted by considering the CIE whiteness as well as the tinting indices.


The Jewish Family Service of Philadelphia wishes to thank you for the invitation to be present today and considers it a privilege to be included among those agencies invited to present their views at this public hearing. In order to place our comments within an appropriate context, permit me to first speak briefly about our agency. The Jewish Family Service, which is now in its I03rd year of operation, is a voluntary agency which has a program of services for persons of all ages to help resolve problems that may arise in their day-to-day living. Thirty-five percent of our agency clientele is over age sixty, and of this 35 percent, 90 percent are living on marginal or submarginal incomes. Social Security, Old Age Assistance, and pensions are their three major sources of incomes. Recognizing the increasing problems of inadequate delivery of health care services and further recognizing that I I percent of the Philadelphia population are over age sixty-five and that of this number only 5 percent live in institutions, it is in behalf of the aged living in their own homes that we wish to speak. Unfortunately, we do not see answers to this enormously complicated and perplexing problem, nor is this within our area of expertise. However, we feel tremendous obligation to present some facts and to highlight the tragedies that come from our present grossly inadequate system of delivery of health care services,


Real poem is a central category of AI Qing's poetry theory.From it,we may grasp the basic opinions,major methods and the diretion of value of AI Qing's poetry theory,we may connect all views of AI Qing's poetry theory as an organic entirety,and we may also analyse the historic devotions and theoretic limitations of AI Qing's poetry theory .


In the article approaches to small-scale subdivision of technogenic load on environment (OS) and groundwater as one of its components in the territory


The "logos amarturos" is a prominent topos of (mostly) fifth century dicanic oratory. Apart of three later works which includethe word "amarturos" in their title (one by Isocrates, one by Antisthenes, and one by Speusippus), such a topos marks most of the evidence available on the fifth century dicanic oratory, Corax to Antiphonand Gorgias. Beside there are some "outsiders", such as the Hymn to Zeus , Euripides' Hippolytus , and Sophocles' Oedipus rex , where the logos amarturos does play an important role. What is astonishingis rather the lack of attention for such a topos in the scholarly literature (no paper at all, it seems!). As a consequence, the present outline of the relevant evidence may only count as a preliminary and tentative one.


Alesker studied a relation between the determinant of a quaternionic Hessian of a function and a specific complex volume form. In this note we show that similar relation holds for functions of several split-quaternionic variables and point to some relations with geometry.


The importance of networks of coupled oscillators is widely recognized. Such networks occur in biological systems like the heart, in chemical systems, in computational problems, and in engineering systems. Systems of coupled oscillators can also be used as an abstract model for synchronisation in organisations. Here we show that synchronisability in a specific coupled-oscillator model, the Kuramoto model, is best predicted using the average distance (or characteristic path length) between nodes in the network. We do this by simulating the Kuramoto dynamics on a collection of networks of varying type, including Random, Small-World, and Scale-Free networks. Furthermore, we show that, for several real-world networks, a simple estimate based on the average distance can predict the coupling required for networks to synchronise within a threshold time.


With ongoing debate on health care reform including improved pharmaceutical care, there is much current concern about drug interactions and their prevention. Many patients visit more than one doctor for their different diseases and receive more than one drug at a time, and often doctors are unaware of all the medications their patients are taking and the risks to which their patients are exposed when treated with multiple drugs. Pharmacists in the community setting or hospital are the most accessible health care providers able to intervene when faced with potential drug interactions that may occur during patients' multiple drug therapy.


This assessment provides a review of the original vulnerability assessment of the Queensland Coral Fishery (QCF)completed in 2007. The assessment has been designed as a pre-assessment tool to review the ecological risk assessment of the QCF. The vulnerability assessment identifies key sustainability issues and species requiring further assessment. The assessment ranked 220 coral and anemone genera for aspects of their biology and ecology likely to render them vulnerable to harvesting activities carried out in the QCF.


South Fujian's folk tale is treasure trove of South Fujian folk's history and culture,as well as a typical representative of the fine traditional culture of South Fujian.The most impressive of it is that it shapes a lot of images about filial piety culture.Those images specificially are manifested by the piety image of the relations between father and son,the etiquette image of the relations between neighbors,the faithful image of the relations between teacher and student,the honest image of the relations between government and the people,and so on.These images are influenced by South Fujian's culture and they play a positive role in building a harmonious society of South Fujian.Although such culture of filial piety that is adopted by South Fujian's folk tales conveys the negative impact of hierarchy and conservation,yet it has a positive value of and unique practical significance to adding glory to the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation,and building a harmonious society of South Fujian still.


Based on analyses of the defects existed in traditional methods and device for adding chemical reagents, a new type of device for adding chemical reagents is introducted. Using it, the continuous adding of chemical reagents by auto-dripping can be achieved under no-power conditions.


Along with command-and-control and market-incentive environmental regulation policies, environmental information disclosure (EID) is an important measure used by the Chinese government to implement environmental governance. In the context of advocating for corporate sustainable development and green governance, this study uses data from China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies in heavily polluting industries spanning 2008–2019 to empirically explore the relationship between corporate EID and green innovation (GI). The results reveal the following: (1) high-quality EID significantly promotes the absolute GI level and the relative GI level of enterprises. (2) An intermediary model found that the internal mechanism of corporate EID used to promote GI mainly comes from the government's energy-saving innovation subsidy effect and the social media attention effect. (3) Corporate EID has a more evident promotional effect on green patents for energy conservation and green patents for inventions. (4) The EID of state-owned enterprises is more conducive to GI than to the activities of private enterprises. (5) The EID of enterprises in high-level administrative cities has no significant impact on GI. However, it has a significant promoting effect in low-level administrative cities. The research not only provides an empirical basis for China to improve the environmental information disclosure system of listed companies but also to offer guidance for companies to pursue green and sustainable development.


Variation in morphological characters used to distinguish the three sympatric species of Palaemonetes, i.e., P. pugio, P. intermedius, and P. vulgaris, is suggestive of natural hybridization. Interspecific crosses among the species and intraspecific crosses of allopatric populations of P. pugio were made to determine whether hybridization was feasible and to evaluate taxonomic characters of the juveniles. No interspecific matings produced larvae in the laboratory. Larvae from intraspecific matings of P. pugio and P. vulgaris were reared to 40 days of age. Larval survival rates, development time, and postlarval length of P. pugio and P. vulgaris were not different, but juveniles of P. pugio at 40 days after hatching were larger than those of P. vulgaris. At 40 days P. pugio had developed adult diagnostic features. However, P. vulgaris displayed sufficient variation in adult diagnostic features to resemble P. pugio in some cases. The intraspecific matings of P. pugio from widely separated populations were fertile, but there was some indication of reduced reproductive compatibility in crosses involving Virginia females and Florida males relative to intrapopulational controls.


INTRODUCTION
We present a rare case of plantar dislocation of the cuboid, fourth and fifth metatarsal joints. Fracture-dislocation in the midfoot region may be subtle and difficult to recognise at the emergency department.

CLINICAL PICTURE
A 16-year-old girl presented with lateral foot pain and swelling following a fall from a height of 3 m. Initial radiograph revealed a third metatarsal shaft fracture; however, additional views reviewed a plantar direction of fourth and fifth metatarsal dislocation from the cuboid.

TREATMENT
Open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires followed by immobilisation in plaster was performed.

OUTCOME
She made an uneventful recovery and the wires had since been removed.

CONCLUSION
This case was unusual in that there was lateral tarsometatarsal disruption with neither diastasis between the first and second metatarsals nor injury to either the first or second tarsometatarsal joints. The plantar direction of dislocation was also unusual as these injuries are usually dorsal.


We would like to share ideas on "Pharmacists' Readiness to Receive, Recommend and Administer COVID-19 Vaccines in an African Country: An Online Multiple-Practice Settings Survey in Nigeria." Isah and Ubaka proposed that "most pharmacists are willing to accept to be vaccinated against COVID-19….


This methods of sensory evaluation and Thiobarbituric acid(TBA) value were used to study the effect of active carbon,cyclodextrin,yeast on the fishy flavor's removing of the acid-/ alkali-isolated silver carp protein,furthermore,study the mechanism of the fishy flavor's removing by yeast,using the simultaneous distill extraction(SDE-GC-MS) technology.Water-washed process and alkali-aided recovery process removed the fishy flavor and reduced the TBA value effectively,but the acid-aided recovery process caused the fishy flavor more heavy and increased the TBA value.There was marked regression relationship between sensory evaluation value and TBA value(R2=0.904 5).Active carbon,cyclodextrin,yeast could remove the fishy flavor effectively,among them,the yeast was the best,odorless protein was obtained by yeast fermentation.The result of SDE-GC-MS showed that,the major flavor component in fish protein were alcohols and aldehydes.The fermentation of yeast decresed the species of heterocyclic compound from 7 to 1,the species of short and branch chain alcohol increased,species of aldehydes decreased from 21 to 10,the relative content of fishy aldehydes,which stemed from the degrading n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid,decreased from 0.691% to 0.04%.One mechanism of removing fishy flavor by yeast was that yeast transferred the alcohols and aldehydes to organic acids.


The results of fattening sheep when using organic selenium-containing drug DAFS-25 as a feed additive and a combined feed additive including the drug DAFS-25 with an additional sulfur content for animal husbandry are presented. The inclusion of feed additives in diets has improved the mineral nutrition and meat productivity of sheep, as well as economic effi ciency.


Reluctance of the Royal College of General Practitioners to endorse NEWS2 (the second iteration of the national early warning score) has surprised some and been supported by others.1 This dichotomy over what seems to be a proved safety measure shows the fine balance between pragmatism and rigidness in system approaches to acute care.

The predictive value of NEWS2 is well evidenced,2 and acting on a high score might prevent excess mortality, leading to …


In response to competitive pressures, customer demands and changing regulatory condiiions, many companies are fundamentally rethinking the way they do business. Once the firm has achieved maximum performance in the daily operations, they will Jind opportunities to improve their processes. Four approaches to exploiting these opportunities are the continuous improvement, process redesign, benchmarking and process reengineering. In this article process redesign and reengineering methods have been considered. The concept of improvement is based on the Shewhard cycle.


When designing an active noise cancellation hearing protector, it is relatively easy to implement a laboratory prototype with high performance. However, when the device is taken out of the laboratory into real extremely noisy situations, it must be capable of producing very high sound pressure levels. In this paper, the factors, which limit the low frequency performance and dynamic range are analysed. The results show that the voltage swing of the loudspeaker amplifier and the force factor of the loudspeaker are two important limiting factors in extremely loud situations. A prototype of an active noise cancellation hearing protector was implemented and its performance was measured in an authentic noisy situation. The developed device attenuated 125 Hz tonal noise by 18 dB. The active noise cancellation system attenuated noise even at a sound pressure level of 118 dB SPL. This can be considered sufficient for most situations.


In this paper, we discussed  a new Sumudu transform iterative method and successfully applied on linear and nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations. The obtained results are compatible with those that have been obtained by other methods. The fractional derivative here is described in the Caputo sense. The proposed method is found to be powerful and efficient.


The main objective of this research is to analyze polydrug use of illicit drugs in teenagers of both genders intwo nongovernmental organizations of Costa Rica. It depicts the problems with polydrug use with the qualitativeresearch using two focal groups of teenagers. They relate, with the technique of collage, their own experienceswith the way they use illicit drugs. The research showed that the most commonly used drugs are marihuana andcocaine mixed with tobacco, also the time they consume it goes from 2 months to 4 years. Furthermore, they facetheir recovery in a special center, assuming the experience with consuming brings negative consequences likedeath, crime and jail in some cases. However, they hope to defeat the addiction and look for a better future bygoing through with the program established in the organization and also with the support of their families.


Oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of tree ring are affected by climatic factors. By studying the relationship between isotope ratios in tree r ing cellulose and climatic parameters, it is found that both the stable carbon a nd oxygen isotopic compositions of tree ring in Mt. Helan is significantly corre lated with the amount of growing seasonal precipitation from May to September. T he oxygen isotopic composition of the tree ring is in direct proportion to preci pitation amount, while the carbon isotope is in inverse to precipitation amount. Our results show that growing seasonal precipitation is the dominative factor f or both oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of tree ring in arid and semi-a rid northwestern China. It is concluded that combining of the stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of tree ring can provide reliable proxy of paleoprecipitat ion for the arid and semi-arid area.


In the last years power dissipation has assumed a more and more relevant role in the design of complex integrated circuits, leading to an increasing need for effective power analysis tools. At present, a major demand is given by the capability to perform power estimations and optimizations in the first design phases, onto high abstraction level system description. As a consequence, the modern tools are required to be compatible with design languages able to address high abstraction levels, such as SystemC/C++. This paper describes the framework of a recently developed SystemC/C++ power analysis tool, the PKtool environment. The discussion underlines the followed implementation approach as fundamental guideline for explaining the features of this tool and the conceptual differences with other commercial tools.


This is an updated version of the research-oriented Chapter 6 on Approximate Dynamic Programming. It will be periodically updated as new research becomes available, and will replace the current Chapter 6 in the book's next printing. In addition to editorial revisions, rearrangements, and new exercises, the chapter includes an account of new research, which is collected mostly in Sections 6.3 and 6.8. Furthermore, a lot of new material has been added, such as an account of post-decision state simplifications (Section 6.1), regression-based TD methods (Section 6.3), feature scaling (Section 6.3), policy oscillations (Section 6.3), λ-policy iteration and exploration enhanced TD methods, aggregation methods (Section 6.4), new Q-learning algorithms (Section 6.5), and Monte Carlo linear algebra (Section 6.8). This chapter represents "work in progress." It more than likely contains errors (hopefully not serious ones). Furthermore, its references to the literature are incomplete. Your comments and suggestions to the author at firstname.lastname@example.com are welcome. The date of last revision is given below.


Two types of shrunken estimators of regression coefficients are studied in the context of stochastic predictor variables. Emphasis is placed on the choice of the shrinkage parameters, using a 'deleted-observation' concept which is motivated by predictive ability.


Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is a promising candidate for the next generation nonvolatile memory technology. Conventional materials so far used for RRAM technology suffer from a severe issue related to the temperature increase. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of mitigating such a problem by exploiting the excellent properties of novel nanostructured materials, such as the Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). To this end, a 3D 1Diode-1RRAM crossbar is here analyzed, comparing conventional Ni metal electrodes to novel CNT ones. Accurate temperature-dependent electrical and thermal conductivities are used to simulate the behavior of the materials. An electrothermal analysis performed by means of a full 3D numerical model of such a structure provides the voltage and temperature distributions over the 3D 1D-1RRAM crossbar. The use of CNT electrodes is demonstrated to provide excellent uniformity in the voltage distribution, good electrical current pathways distribution and a temperature reduction more than 300K over the baseline crossbar design.


To examine feasibility of using the low-cost gaming system, Nintendo Wii Fit®, to assess balance in older adults. • Causes of falls in older adults are multi-factorial and typically result from the interaction of intrinsic and environmental risk factors. The most important intrinsic risk factors for falls include muscle weakness and gait and balance disorders.1 • Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) is the gold standard for balance assessment and is used to guide rehabilitation. • However, CDP systems are costly and not portable; thus, many older adults do not have access to such equipment. Feasibility of Using Nintendo Wii Fit® System to Assess Balance in Older Adults


This map is a digital compilation, combining plate 1 of Monroe (1976) with mapping of karst areas on Isla de Mona and Isla Monito (Briggs and Seiders, 1972); these references contain more detailed descriptions of karst areas and landforms. This map is the basis for the Puerto Rico part of a new national karst map currently being compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, this product is a standalone, citable source of digital karst data for Puerto Rico. Nearly 25 percent of the United States is underlain by karst terrain, and a large part of that area is undergoing urban and industrial development. Accurate delineations of karstic rocks are needed at scales suitable for national, State, and local maps. The data on this map contribute to a better understanding of subsidence hazards, groundwater contamination potential, and cave resources as well as serve as a guide to topical research on karst. Because the karst data were digitized from maps having a different scale and projection from those on the base map used for this publication, some karst features may not coincide perfectly with physiographic features portrayed on the base map.


A kind of monitoring terminal based on dual-MCU architecture is introduced.The two processors in the terminal can work in cooperation with each other,and each of them performs its functons independently,greatly reducing the coupling of system.As one of the processors is unable to do its job,the other is not only not affected,but also has the ability to find the former's fault and recover its function.In terms of system stability,it proves that the dual-MCU architecture has a distinct advantage.


This paper is divided into three parts, the first discussing the necessary conditions for an adequate response to Godard and Gorin's film "Vent d'Est." It is suggested that the film demands both cinematic and political sophistication on the part of the viewer and that the audience must accept the flatness, the "deconstruction" of the cinematic image, and be guided by the sound track. Part 2, "A Paradigm: 'The Ecology of Film,'" presents a global paradigm which takes into consideration the whole film process from inception to reception, regardless of the historical period the film is received in. The film as a system is divided into six distinct aspects or subsystems of the film process, and the relationships between these subsystems is elaborated on. The third part, "Categories of Audience Response in Film Viewing," offers a second paradigm in which film response is broken down into the following types: simple, compound, complex self-reflective, and complex self-critical. Each of these types of responses is further subdivided into emotional, intellectual, and a combination of both. It is asserted that there is no such thing as a "pure aesthetic" response. (LL) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO AUDIMCE RESPONSE TO FILM by Charles Kleinhans and Julia Lesage Bloomington, Indiana


Product organizations often need to develop varia nts of the same basic product. All the product development life-cycle artifacts from requirements documents to testing ar tifacts have to be developed for each variant. Storing these art ifacts as core assets and structuring them as units that can be co mposed to get the final artifacts can greatly reduce the cost and improve the quality of the resultant product. This paper proposes a structural alignment of core assets corresponding to the vario us phases of software development to features of the product family and aspect weaving as a core assets composition operato . Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) is used for code and an aspect oriented extension to XML is used for other artifacts. These ideas are validated through a prototype toolset that capt ures the complete Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) pro cess and allows the user to model the commonalities and vari ations as features, associate them to core assets and build t he product automatically. This paper presents our approach and the details of the toolset along with a case study of a Library System.


The '3414'experiments of rice were designed in 24 towns,36 test locations in Liangping County.The fertilizer technology of NPK on rice in hilly area was studied to find the best fertilizer technology and establish the regression equation,and obtain the high efficiency program by analyzing the equation,which could provide the scientific evidence for high and stable yield on rice in Liangping County.The results showed that: in the low fertility soil,the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on the output of paddy rice field was NKP.in the middle and high fertility soil,the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium on the output of paddy rice yield was N P K.In the experiment area soil,the effects of NP,NK,PK on rice yield had positive interaction.In the low,middle and high fertility soil,the optimum application ratio of N∶ P2O5∶ K2O was 1∶ 0.4-0.6∶ 0.4-0.6,1∶ 0.6∶ 0.6,and 1∶ 0-0.6∶ 0-0.6.


Among various superresolution methods, RESOLFT nanoscopy has advantages in compatibility with live cell imaging via utilization of genetically encoded reversely-switchable fluorescent proteins (rsFPs). Recent developments in rsFPs allow nanoscopy in living cells at high speed.


The compositional variation of FeS_2 in coal measure under different heating temperature was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction and differential thermal method, and the mixtures of coal measure FeS_2 and powdered iron in different ration were tested as well as to investigate the variation of the sulfur in FeS_2. It is observed that when coal measure FeS_2 was heated to 300~400 ℃, the resultant FeS_2 can be used in treating Cr 6+-bearing waste water. The heated mixture of coal measure FeS_2 and iron powder in ration of 100 ∶10, at 200 ℃, 10 min, can be utilized to process the nickel bearing waste water. The FeS_2 treated with different technique and temperature can be used to different aspects.


Instant idli mixes were prepared with chemical leavening agents (A) and yeast (B). These were packed in PP and MPP pouches, protected with brown paper bags and stored at room temperature. The chemical composition, microbial load and the organoleptic characteristics of the instant idli mixes stored in different packaging materials were studied during storage at regular intervals up to 180 days. A decreasing trend in moisture, pH and thiamine content of instant idli mixes stored in different packaging materials were noted. The idlis prepared from the instant idli mixes had soft texture with uniform grain distribution and maintained the score values for all the organoleptic attributes throughout the storage period in the order of (A) and (B) mixes.


Gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) has proven itself to be a breakthrough in molding technology. However, the process involves additional gas-related parameters to control the molding process. The interaction between melt and gas makes the gas-assisted process complicated. To make satisfactory parts, the material, the mold, and process parameters determine the "moldability" of a specific system. The concept of "molding areas" on the critical plane can be extended from thermoplastic injection molding to GAIM. This research is devoted to the development of a proper moldability diagram for GAIM. The first part of this study employs gas-related parameters to define the molding area. The second part is devoted to identifying the relative importance of process parameters. The results show that melt temperature and short shot are the two factors which most significantly affect the GAIM process. The third part of this study defines the moldability based on critical parameters. The application of the moldability concept is demonstrated in selecting the optimum rib geometry. These moldability studies are intended to give first guidelines for system optimization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The method of thermodynamic modeling of phase and chemical transformations for synthesis conditions of multicomponent functional materials is presented. Calculation of the phase transformations taking place in the conditions of synthesis and operation of ceramic materials on the basis of the system SiO2 – K2O – Na2O – Al2O3 – Fe2O3 – CaO – MgO – TiO2 – P2O5 – SO3 in the field of temperatures from 0 to 2000° C is carried out. The sequence of phase and chemical transformations between components of synthesizable material and their reaction products, depending on temperature, is founded.


In this work, on-chip single-to-balanced bandpass filter centered at 24 GHz is proposed. The functions of bandpass filter and balun are integrated using a simple multicoupled line structure along with capacitive loadings. The use of inductor is avoided such that very compact chip size can be achieved. It can be easily designed with the desired bandpass response and reference impedances through the conventional filter synthesis techniques. Specifically, a 3rd-order single-to-balanced bandpass filter design with a center frequency of 24 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of about 15% is presented using the 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The chip size is 0.533 mm×0.443 mm and the corresponding electrical size is only 0.085λg×0.07λg at the center frequency. In addition, good selectivity and balanced performance are obtained.


Adhesives, such as hot-melt adhesives (HMAs), are widely used in the textile industry for bonding layers of materials and have replaced traditional sewing methods. The block copolymer is a common type of HMA that provides excellent physical features and mechanical properties compared with others. Acrylate-based monomers, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) were used as ingredients to form a linear block copolymer using atom transfer radical polymerization. MMA provides excellent cohesive strength, while 2-EHA provides good adhesion properties. An end-brominated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-Br) macroinitiator was synthesized from a MMA monomer and initiator, with the best composition obtained by the addition of a 0.6 mol initiator. The macroinitiator had the lowest molecular weight with highest conversion (97%). The addition of a 0.3 mol macroinitiator showed the lowest molecular weight with the highest conversion of acrylic copolymer PMMA-b-poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (PEHA). The glass transition temperature increased with the addition of the macroinitiator concentration, from −43.7℃ to −37.6℃. The thermal stability was reduced with the addition of macroinitiator content, from 332.37℃ to 286.81℃. The shear strength and peel strength of the PMMA-b-PEHA HMAs on nylon fabrics were enhanced from 11.24 to 16.92 kg cm−2 and from 0.29 to 0.61 kg cm−1, respectively, and did not change significantly after being washed 50 times and then kept in low-temperature storage, with the addition of the macroinitiator concentration. The block copolymer PMMA-b-PEHA prepared in this study could be used as a HMA for nylon fabric bonding systems.


The problem of deciding whether a binding polynomial has positive decompositions is important in studying many biochemistry processes.Many existing results about this were confined to the polynomials with degree less than five,and few were reported on the result concerning the binding polynomials with degree 5.We give two sets of sufficient conditions for judging the p-irreducibility,which expressed by some inequalities composed of the coefficients of the positive polynomial with degree five.


Lepidochelys kempi is the most endangered of the seven species of sea turtles. Very little is known about the developmental rate or blood oxygen system of this diving species. Lepidochelys kempi of various ages (4 months to 10 years) were sampled for changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and components, and concentrations of organic phosphates in red blood cells as indices of the developmental rate of the oxygen delivery system. The major increase in both hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration occurs between 4 and 7 months. By 7 months all traces of an "embryonic" hemoglobin component are gone. A distinct but minor hemoglobin component appears in turtles older than 28 months. At all ages the major organic phosphate in red blood cells is adenosine triphosphate. The level is highest at 4 months, and decreases until 28 months, when it is statistically equal to that found in adult turtles. The level of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate is highest at 4 months, then drops to the adult level by 28 months. Inosi...


Combined with the characters of the pathology,this article discusses the effects of CBS teaching model in pathological teaching.Through questionnaire and doing experiments,the authors have compared CBS teaching model with traditional medical education and tried to give some advices to the pathological teaching.


Over the past two years, we have used the IRI (Interactive Remote Instruction) system to teach several live interactive classes with students in different cities. While this system is a prototype-we are using it to better understand both system performance requirements and what tools can be effective for remote instruction and how to use them we have used it repeatedly to teach regularly scheduled for credit university classes. This repeated use has resulted in significant improvements in IRI's functionality, but its evaluative use in real classrooms situations has required that we address significant scalability, reliability, and robustness issues. We discuss features of IRI's software architecture and basic functionality motivated by these scalability and reliability issues.


According to the intrinsic relationship between the conditions and solutions of a mathematic problem,its algebraic meanings are analyzed,and its geometric ones are revealed so that the numerical relationship and geometric forms can be combined ingeniously and their interconversion can be realized,i.e.,through the basic method of combining numerals and geometric forms,the way of thinking for a problem is studied and its solution is obtained.This reveals the application of the thinking approach for analytic geometry in the solution of a mathematic problem.


The methods and compositions for identifying ovarian cancer in a patient sample is provided. The method of the present invention includes a step of detecting over expression of at least one biomarker in a body sample, wherein the biomarker is selectively overexpressed in ovarian cancer. In a preferred embodiment, the body sample is a serum sample. Biomarkers of the present invention include any gene or protein that is selectively overexpressed in ovarian cancer. In certain embodiments of the present invention, overexpression of a biomarker of interest at the protein level using biomarker-specific antibody, or by using nucleic acid hybridization techniques are detected at the nucleic acid level. Kits for practicing the methods of the present invention are also provided.


Introduction: Due to their diversity of texture and mineralogy, the origin of chondrules remains poorly understood. The chondrules were formed in different environments (e.g. reducing for type I FeO-poor chondrules and oxidizing for type II FeO-rich chondrules) in contact with H2 of the protoplanetary disk. Stephant et al. reported large hydrogen content in olivine (up to 1,000 ppm) in chondrules of carbonaceous chondrites, whereas Shimizu et al. detected only few ppm of hydrogen in silicate minerals (< 15 ppm). All this observation remains debated. The aim of this study is to constrain the origin of hydrogen contained in chondrule olivines of CM chondrites and to assess the influence of aqueous alteration on hydrogen content and isotopic signature in these emblematic constituents of chondrites. Two main reservoirs of hydrogen, with distinct isotopic compositions, could likely contribute to chondrule minerals: the molecular gas of the protosolar nebula with a low D/H and water ice. The D/H ratio of water presents variations related to the distance to the star. A part of the water can thus have a presolar origin (high D/H ratio) and another part can result from re-equilibration with the H2 of the disk. Water ice was likely accreted on the parent body of hydrated meteorites like carbonaceous chondrites. Due to asteroid internal heating, ice melted and water percolated into the parent body resulting in the aqueous alteration of its components. Moreover, this aqueous alteration could have affected mineral components of both matrices and chondrules. To what extend chondrules in CM chondrites have preserved their pre-accretionary H content and isotope signature? Sample and Methods: Three carbonaceous chondrites showing different alteration degrees were investigated: Paris (CM2.7 to CM2.9), Aguas Zarcas (CM2) and Mukundpura (CM2). Three polished sections were prepared in epoxy and carbon coated. Hydrogen content and isotopic composition of olivines in type I (FeO-poor) and type II (Feo-rich) chondrules were analyzed by Cameca SIMS 1280 HR2 (CRPG, Nancy) and by Cameca NanoSIMS 50 (IMPMC, Paris) with a Hyperion radio-frequency plasma source in both cases. The vacuum in the analytical chambers never exceeded 2.10 mbar for the SIMS and 2.10 for the NanoSIMS. Results and Discussion: The hydrogen concentration, expressed as water concentration, in olivine of the CM chondrites varies between 0.02 and 0.53 wt% (Paris: 0.17 < [H2O] (wt%) < 0.53; Aguas Zarcas: 0.02 <[H2O] (wt%) < 0.32; Mukundpura: 0.15 < [H2O] (wt%) < 0.49), whereas the D/H ratio in olivine of the chondrules ranges between 53 and 247 ppm (Paris: 98 < D/H (ppm) < 164; Aguas Zarcas: 53 < D/H (ppm) < 247, Mukundpura: 80 < D/H (ppm) < 168). Moreover, there is a clear correlation between the iron-content of these olivines, the water concentration and the D/H ratio especially in Mukundpura (R2 = 0.83 for [H2O] and 0.90 for D/H) and in some chondrules of Aguas Zarcas. When the D/H ratio and Mg# decrease, the water concentration increases. Moreover, this D-poor signature is also present at the edge of some zoned olivines in Aguas Zarcas and Mukundpura, where some MgO-rich olivines are surrounded by more FeO-rich and hydrated olivines. The aqueous alteration and the chondrule-matrix interaction could explain this correlation. According to Piani et al. the matrix of CM chondrites was altered by D-poor water and then records this D-poor signature. Thus, the signature at the mineral edge could be interpreted as a chondrule-fluid interaction during aqueous alteration, by isotope exchange or diffusion. However, there is no correlation between the degree of alteration of the chondrites and the water concentration of the olivines. The three meteorites exhibit the same range of water concentrations. Moreover, some petrological evidences (e.g. high hydrogen content in the less altered type II chondrules) suggest that the hydrogen composition of these olivine reflects a preaccretional origin even if the effect of aqueous alteration on the composition of iron-rich olivines cannot be excluded. The high hydrogen content may be explained partially by hydrated precursors.


We consider the CONGEST model on a network with n nodes, m edges, diameter D, and integer costs and capacities bounded by poly n. In this paper, we show how to find an exact solution to the minimum cost flow problem in n1/2+o(1)(√n + D) rounds, improving the state of the art algorithm with running time m3/7+o(1)(√nD1/4 + D)[13], which only holds for the special case of unit capacity graphs. For certain graphs, we achieve even better results. In particular, for planar graphs, expander graphs, no(1)-genus graphs, no(1)-treewidth graphs, and excluded-minor graphs our algorithm takes n1/2+o(1) D rounds. We obtain this result by combining recent results on Laplacian solvers in the CONGEST model [2, 13] with a CONGEST implementation of the LP solver of Lee and Sidford [22], and finally show that we can round the approximate solution to an exact solution. Our algorithm solves certain linear programs, that generalize minimum cost flow, up to additive error ϵ in n1/2+o(1)(√n + D)log3(1/ϵ) rounds.


Cervantes must have felt that the ongoing transformation to a culture dominated by the written verse had significant drawbacks, at least when it came to music and poetry. As a result, in Don Quixote the author expects the reader to find the textual cues to suitably perform the novel's lyrical poetry, in much the same way as the troubadours of his youth would have. We will never know if his contemporaneous readers picked up on these clues. But, they are there nonetheless, indicating that Cervantes had an astonishing knowledge of early modern musical forms, while also reminding us that he was at a crossroads in history when society struggled with the significance of the written word.


The situation and influence factors on amount and way of nutrient input of high yield spring maize in Northeast Region were summarized in the paper.The results showed that to get yield of more than 11000 kg/hm2,proper density of 'Zhengdan 958' is 55000-65000 plants/ hm2,suitable density of 'Xianyu 335' is 65000-80000 plants/ hm2,organic fertilizer is 20-30t/hm2,fertilizer application rate is 200-240kg N/hm2,67-100kg P2O5/hm2,67-100kg k2O/hm2,15-20kg ZnSO4o7H2O/hm2.


This study surveyed the selling, buying, usage, selection and spraying frequency of pesticides on apple orchards in Geochang, Gyeongsangnam-do province from 2012 to 2013 and found that the fungicides, insecticides and acaricides were sprayed 13.9 ± 3.5, 12.6 ± 3.2, and 2.6 ± 1.3 times per year, respectively. Fungicides were applied mainly to control for Diplocarpon mali, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides and Alternaria mali, whereas insecticides were sprayed mostly to control Grapholita molesta, Carposina sasakii insects. Dealers sold pesticides without monitoring of the pests in the apple orchards, and also sometimes sold pesticides which are non-registered for apple. Most of the farmers were highly relied on dealers" recommendations to choosing the brand product. Relating on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) on apple orchards in Geochang, residual active ingredient of frequently sprayed fungicides, insecticides, and acaricides were analyzed. Most applications of the fungicides, insecticides and acaricides were well corresponded with FAO"s recommendations. For production of safe food and use of pesticides, it is requested to develope control calender and consideration of training program for farmers. The regional characteristics and environmental situation of the farm also should be considered.


From the Publisher:
This best-selling book, now in its fourth edition, provides a wide-ranging and in-depth discussion of programming language concepts. As in previous editions, the author describes fundamental concepts of programming languages by presenting design issues of the various language constructs, examining the design choices for these constructs in a few common languages, and critically comparing the design alternatives. The book covers the most widely used methods of syntax description and introduces the most common approaches to describing the semantics of programming languages. Discussions of implementation methods and issues are integrated throughout the book.


This paper discusses the issue of a biography of a coffin from the perspective of biographical events common to many modern artefacts from the Polish territory. The aim was to identify past and present functions by determining the life cycle of a coffin: from its manufacturing (determination of its manufacturer and recipient; manufacturing techniques; the shape; the size; ornamentation) through 'participation' in a funeral ceremony, including transportation of the dead to the church, viewing, inhumation, the period of 'concealment', to its revival (e.g. as a museum exhibit). It was determined that at each stage of its 'life', the coffin served informative and protective purposes. Additionally, at the stage of its revival, it serves an important verification and identification function from the perspective of researchers in the field. Moreover, preservation of individual burials in coffins and crypts promotes sacral tourism; coffins in the church space have enormous exhibition potential that can be used to build a national and local community.


Stochastic local search can be used for the process of vectorization. In this project, local search is used to optimize the parameters of a set of smooth shapes to represent an image of the Mona Lisa. The shapes are made using quadratic piecewise parametric interpolation. The shapes are partially transparent and are defined by three vertices and a color. The method is successfully applied to a different number of shapes to achieve varying levels of accuracy. More shapes resulted in a greater level of accuracy, but required more time to compute and more memory to store. One of the main advantages of performing vectorization is that it reduces the amount of information required to store an image.


Prosopis cineraria (Linn) Druce is commonly known as 'Khejri' and has been given the sobriquet 'king of desert' for its valuable nutritional and health-enhancing properties. The present investigation has been aimed at determining proximate and phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of P. cineraria (L.) Druce. The food stuff contained 21% protein, 63% carbohydrate and qualifies for a low-fat food option containing 1.05% fat. It has reasonably good antioxidant potential as DPPH, ABTS and FRAP activities stood at 59.2% inhibition, 89.2% inhibition and 1.33 mmol Fe2+ equivalents/100 g, respectively. Of phytochemical content, it contains 48.06, 3.8 and 64.0 mg/g of total phenol, tannins and flavonoids, respectively. The pod extract possessed antioxidant activity to act as an antidote against free radical generation so as to make this food stuff health enhancing.


Mammalian sterile 20–like kinase-1 (Mst1) plays an important role in mediating cardiac myocyte apoptosis in response to ischemia/reperfusion. Whether or not Mst1 is also involved in the long-term development of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. We addressed this issue using transgenic mice with cardiac specific overexpression of dominant negative Mst1 (Tg-DN-Mst1). The left coronary artery was permanently ligated, and the size of MI was similar between Tg-DN-Mst1 and nontransgenic controls (NTg). After 4 weeks, Mst1 was significantly activated in the remodeling area in NTg, but not in Tg-DN-Mst1. Although left ventricular (LV) enlargement was significantly attenuated in Tg-DN-Mst1 compared with NTg, neither LV weight/body weight nor myocyte cross sectional area was statistically different between Tg-DN-Mst1 and NTg. LV ejection fraction was significantly greater in Tg-DN-Mst1 than in NTg (53 versus 38%, P<0.01), whereas LV end-diastolic pressure (6 versus 12 mm Hg, P<0.05) and lun...


ion. The answer is self-evident. The progression from records management to archives in the European tradition has never constrained the content of memory, even in the most controlled societies. Cook contends that =this broader pluralized dimension focuses first and foremost on citizen's impact on, interaction with, and variance from the state; it is especially attentive to the voices of the marginalized; [...]t. Much as he wanted to, Hitler could not execute his powerful critic, the First World War veteran and pastor Martin Niemyller. The archive must continue to be made up of the random and the aberrant (the brave in Niemyller's case) where =loose ends' can find partners and contribute to understanding. As Derek Keene puts it : archives are often structured by discourses of power and come to be used in the cause of public or scientific truth. But at the same time the archive, as an institution, has a way of accommodating quirky details, narratives and even entire collections that seem to have little to do with its formal or original purpose. Exaptive elements, such as these, are a vital element in the archive's long-term value as a site for understanding and for establishing sympathy with our fellow human beings. These will come, as they have always done, from those who have opposed, criticised or participated in the actions that created the narratives of our histories. We can pay a little tribute to Derrida for alerting us all to this possiblity when he wrote: By incorporating the knowledge deployed in reference to it, the archive augments itself, engrosses itself, it gains in auctoritas. But in the same stroke it loses the absolute and meta-textual authority it might claim to have. One will never be able to objectivize it with no remainder. The archivist produces more archive, and that is why the archive is never closed. It opens out of the future. The archivist's job, as it has always been, is to =discover' the =loose ends' and be willing to store them, albeit hidden from public view until they can safely be made accessible. This may be for a very long time and herein lies the difference for the archivist between accountability with its short horizons and responsibility 37 T. COOK, op. cit., 2000, p. 8. 38 U. ORLOW and R. MACLENNAN, Re: the archive, the image, and the very dead sheep, London, 2005, A8. 39 J.!DERRIDA, op. cit., 1996, p. 67. Archivist friend or foe 269 with a real linear dynamic. The war on Iraq cannot be judged in the court of history, which Mr Blair always seems to want to appear before and Monsieur Chirac disdains to mention, until all the records are in the public domain, possibly not for fifty years. Even if we have gathered all the records we can find into the archive, this will only serve to complicate historical analysis and reflection, whereas paradoxically the well-ordered and convergent output of the audit process overlaid with effective records management would have had an opposite effect. As Keene observes the presence of the loose ends =subverts both the archivist's concern to rank and select for preservation and the historian's or politician's assertions of meaning and significance'. Although this is our traditional role, at least in Europe, it is hazardous territory, which might well make the archivist from some perspectives more of an enemy than a friend and from others more of friend than an enemy. Our =loose ends' come from a variety of different places. Some are deposited by owners, others we find because we ask, others our users turn up, yet others we know about but cannot get our hands on and, increasingly, we seek to preserve others that are declared on the web. Loose ends are a threat to any dominant discourse as creative artists recognise. They challenge it directly and, as Strathern and Keene point out, they can be joined up to create new discourses, which no one had thought about. If you are of my generation, you will have witnessed the rise in the history of gender, the environment, indigenous people and so on (not all thanks to the post-modernists I hasten to say), which our methods of listing did nothing to assist. I well remember describing bundles of female correspondence as =miscellaneous and trivial'. The danger is that a pervasive audit culture and regulatory environment will make it increasingly difficult to generate and keep loose ends without running the risk of breaching codes of conduct. Perversely the very processes that are designed to ensure accountability make it more difficult to act responsibly. An individual, whether in the private or public sector, is constrained in recording concerns and criticisms for fear of retribution that can extend to family and community. This ethical dilemma has been greatly exacerbated by the war on terror, which has allowed governments to introduce measure that erode our personal freedoms and which are open to abuse, particularly by neo-conservatists who believe =truth is not salutary, but dangerous, and even destructive to society-any society' and we could substitute archive for truth. In these circumstances the archivist may cease to be Derrida's malevolent archons, who not only controlled 40 U. ORLOW and R. MACLENNAN, op. cit., 2005, A8. 41 This issue is explored by C. SHORE and S. WRIGHT, tCoercive accountabilityt, Marilyn STRATHERN (ed.) Audit Cultures — Anthropological studies in accountability, ethics and the academy, London, 2000, p. 57-89. 42 S. B. DRURY, Leo Strauss and the American Right, New York, 1997, p. 1, and for reference see http://rightweb.irc-online.org/analysis/2004/0402nsai.php, April, 2005.


The experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during June to December 2015 to investigate the effect of spacing and fertilizer management on the growth parameters of transplant Aman rice cv. BRRI dhan39. The experiment comprised of five spacing's viz. 25 cm × 5 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 25 cm, and four fertilizer treatments viz. no manure and no fertilizer (control), recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (80-60-40 kg N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O ha -1 ,respectively + 60 kg ha -1 gypsum + 10 kg ha -1 ZnSO 4 ), 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cow dung at 5 t ha -1, 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha -1 . The highest and lowest plant height was found in spacing 25 cm × 15 cm, and 25 cm × 5 cm, respectively at all dates of observations. Spacing 25 cm × 15 cm, produced the highest number of tillers hill -1 at 80 DAT. Leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) hill -1 were the highest in 25 cm × 15 cm spacing and lowest in 25 cm × 5 cm spacing. The highest plant height, LAI and total TDM hill -1 were recorded in 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cow dung at 5 t ha -1 and the lowest values were observed in control treatment. In case of interaction, the highest number of tillers hill -1 , leaf area index and total dry matter hill -1 were obtained in spacing 25 cm × 15 cm fertilized with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers cow 5 ha .Therefore, cm spacing with 75% recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cow dung at 5 t ha -1 appeared the promising practice in transplant rice cv. BRRI dhan39 cultivation in terms of growth


In [8], the quadratic-mean averaging (QMA) operators have been proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the T-operators [15] and the existing averaging operators (i.e., P-Norm operators [25], Infinite-One operators [26], Waller-Kraft operators [27], GMA operators [3] and WPMA operators [16]) to deal with fuzzy information retrieval of the AND and OR operations. However, the QMA operators can not deal with queries represented by generalized fuzzy numbers and interval-valued fuzzy numbers. In this research, we present generalized fuzzy-number quadratic-mean averaging (GFNQMA) operators to deal with queries based on generalized fuzzy numbers and interval-valued fuzzy numbers.


Fuzzy Logic Systems are widely recognized to be successful at modelling uncertainty in a large variety of applications. While recently interval type-2 fuzzy logic has been credited for the ability to better deal with large amounts of uncertainty, general type- 2 fuzzy logic has been a steadily growing research area. All fuzzy logic systems require the accurate specification of the membership functions' (MFs) parameters. While some work for automatic or manual design of these parameters has been proposed for type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy logic, the problem has not yet been widely addressed for general type-2 fuzzy logic. In this paper we propose two methods which allow the automatic design of general type-2 MFs using either data gathered through a survey on the linguistic variables required or, in the case of physical devices (e.g. sensors, actuators), using data directly gathered from the specific devices. As such, the proposed methods allow for the creation of general type-2 MFs which directly model the uncertainty incorporated in the respective applications. Additionally, we demonstrate how interval type-2, type-1 and the recently introduced zSlices based general type- 2 MFs can be extracted from the automatically designed general type-2 MFs. We also present a recursive algorithm that computes the convex approximation of generated fuzzy sets. Keywords— Type-2 fuzzy systems, general type-2 fuzzy sets, specification of fuzzy sets.


This paper presents the inverter technology using photovoltaic system with maintain stability using dynamic voltage restorer in grid connected system. Sag and swell is maintaining at permissible level of the IEEE standard. The photo voltaic system is operated with in the small converter range. To boost the voltage using high step-up DC -DC coupled converter to reduce the losses and ripple reduction to produce high output voltage is applied in the pulse width modulation technique in the inverter circuit. To enhance the stability using dynamic voltage restorer in grid connected system. PV and DVR are very useful to reduce the voltage variation in the proposed circuit. The simulation using MATLAB gives the better result of performance of DVR technique.


To boost the higher education massification is a necessary choice to enhance the fairness for higher education.Meanwhile,during the process,we should carry out the principle of scientific development and treat the fairness as one of the basic value orientations.We should solve the problems such as the speed and rhythem,the balance between the districts and running school in multiple ways.


The characteristics of AUC process is described.The purification mechanism of AUC process is explained.The purification efficiency of some impurities in percentage is given.The chemical composision of AUC was identified to be(NH_4)_4,and the application of AUC process in hydrometallurgy,purification and conversion of uranium is presented.


Building on results of a classroom-based survey on students' literacy habits, this article reports on how an exploratory study on experiencing poetry can change EFL students' "ways with literature." First problems from past experiences with literature are discussed and theoretical insights proposed which will bring to fore the need for a change in pedagogical orientations. Next the idea of "experiencing poetry" is flashed out by addressing the knotty problems literature teaching has been faced with. Step-by-step instructional procedures are discussed together with their corresponding pedagogical considerations. Some guiding pedagogical principles are then proposed and discussed to complete the workshop. From this exploratory study, it is evident that students learned from one another in the context of sharing of literary experiences and from observing how the literature instructor as a more knowledgeable member of the culture demonstrated the way he experienced the poem he was reading. More specifically, from experiencing poetry and sharing about what they like from what they experience and enjoy, students learn to reflect critically on what they get from reading. Keywords: experiencing poetry; EFL literature-learning; literature for empowerment


A formal methodology for developing variational principles corresponding to a given nonlinear PDE system is discussed. The scheme is demonstrated in the context of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, systems of first-order conservation laws, and systems of Hamilton-Jacobi equations.


This article starts with the reform of income distribution policy in public institution.Then the paper expounds the necessity of improvement of salary management level in institutions of higher learning.After the analysis the existing problems among the current payroll system,the paper presents the correspondent solution to solve it.


Abstract Mexico finds itself at the epicenter of unprecedented migration flows. Governments, international organizations, and civil society institutions, however, choose to ignore the current weight of organized crime in the matter. I shape the central thesis of this essay through an account of the phenomenon's evolution, starting in the 1970s. I conclude by analyzing the ongoing migration issue along Mexico's borders with Central America and the United States, while offering recommendations to improve conditions of a migratory problematic made worse by the denial of its existence.


This paper mainly discusses the application of Matlab's drawing role in helping the students understand the Weierstrass function,which is continual and not differentiable everywhere,and the role of Matlab's numerical calculation in judging the correctness of results from two different kinds of theoretical calculation.


Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B (PTP1B) plays a critical role in the regulation of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. However, drug candidates exhibiting PTP1B selectivity and oral bioavailability are currently lacking. Here, the enzyme inhibitory characteristics and pharmacological benefits of 3‐bromo‐4,5‐bis(2,3‐dibromo‐4,5‐dihydroxybenzyl)‐1,2‐benzenediol (BDB) were investigated in vitro and in vivo.


According to at least one embodiment relating to a wireless communication method in a wireless network, the present invention can include a wireless station which obtains a transmission opportunity time for communicating with an access point through a wireless communication channel. The wireless station transmits notice to the access point to share the transmission opportunity time and at least one different wireless station, with a multiple-user transmission opportunity time for transmitting data from the wireless station to a multiple uplink space stream to the access point through the wireless channel. Uplink transmission opportunity transmission information can be communicated based on at least one commend including a frame header and a QoS data frame.


In this issue of Blood, Pilli and colleagues1 report that the essential antithrombotic factor protein S is inversely regulated by the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1). This is an important contribution to our understanding of the molecular basis of the augmentation of thrombosis by hypoxia.


Transmission electron microscopy studies of the HT-9 alloy are continuing. The substructure developed during heat treatment was studied. Torsion samples tested at 400/sup 0/C, 550/sup 0/C, and 700/sup 0/C at a constant effective uniaxial strain rate of 6 x 10/sup -3/s/sup -1/ were examined, and micrographs depicting the substructure as a function of the deformation temperature are included in this report. Subgrain size measurements were completed. The compression creep behavior of the ferritic HT-9 and EM-12 stainless steel alloys was investigated. Compression tests results from both constant crosshead speed and strain-rate-change tests for the HT-9 and EM-12 alloys are under evaluation. Preliminary correlations between the stress exponent at constant structure, N, and the applied stress were obtained. The initial test results indicated that the value of N depends on the type of test conducted such that N is larger for the tests where the strain rate is increased than for tests where the strain rate is decreased. These results can be explained by rapid recovery (growth) of the substructure during a decrease in strain rate. The basic tests on the austenitic stainless steel alloys were completed. The behavior of the type 321 stainless steel (which contains carbide forming titanium additions)more » is very similar to that of the type 304 and 316 stainless steel alloys. This behavior suggests that the carbide particle density in the microstructure of the type 321 alloy is not sufficient to stabilize the substructures developed during mechanical working. The latest tests conducted on type 321 stainless steel were constant crosshead speed tests. The data were corrected to provide true stress-true strain curves for constant true strain rate. 11 figures, 3 tables. (RWR)« less


One of the numerous responsibilities of the government of any country is to invest in the various sectors of the economy. This should however be channeled to the appropriate sectors, such as the education and health sectors, that will lead to a continual growth in the economy of the country. It is in the light of this, that this study looks at government spending on education and health and its effect on the economic growth of Nigeria. Health is central to the well being, and education is essential and satisfying for a rewarding life. This study made an attempt to provide empirical evidence of the impact of government spending on education and health on labour productivity in Nigeria. This study made use of econometric methods to determine the relationship between education, health and labour productivity. The regression results, however, showed that capital and recurrent expenditure on health as well as recurrent expenditure on education have a positive impact on labour productivity while capital expenditure on education has little or no impact on lab our productivity in Nigeria. This study, however, recommends that the government should increase its budgetary allocation to the education sector and give autonomy to private sectors to set up more schools due to the unreliability of government funds.
Keywords: Government expenditure, education, health and labour productivity.


The study was designed to investigate the effect of Plyometric training on physiological variables of adolescent male tennis players. To investigate the study, thirty adolescent male tennis players were randomly selected from National Sports School, Ajjanoor, Coimbatore and their age were ranged between 14 and 17 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups (n=15). All the subjects were divided in to two groups with 15 subjects each as experimental and control group. Group-I underwent Plyometric training for a period of twelve weeks and group-II acted as control who did not participate in any special training other than the regular routine. The physiological variables such as resting heart rate and breath holding time were selected as dependent variables. Pre and post-test random group design was used for this study. The dependent 't' test was applied to determine the difference between the means of two group. To find out whether there was any significant difference between the experimental and control groups. To test the level of significant of difference between the means 0.05level of confidence was fixed. The result of the study shows that, there was a significant improvement takes place on resting heart rate and breath holding time of adolescent male tennis players due to the effect of twelve weeks of Plyometric training. And also concluded that, there was a significant difference exists between experimental and control groups in resting heart rate and breathe holding time. The control group did not improve the selected criterion variables.


Summary Glucagon secretion from splenic pancreata of Anolis carolinensis was not significantly increased by a 56% decrease in the concentration of glucose (1 mg/ml). When the glucose concentration was reduced to 0.5 mg/ml, a significant increase in glucagon release was observed. Arginine (10 mM) did not significantly alter glucagon secretion. The pattern of glucagon secretion under stimulatory conditions shows a rapid onset and long duration. A concentration of glucose of 6 mg/ml failed to significantly decrease glucagon release. The results demonstrate the utility of the anolian splenic pancreas for exploring the regulation and dynamics of glucagon secretion.


This paper deals with the influence of hardship (frustration) clause (clausula rebus sic stantibus) on the contract and the possibility of the party affected by changed circumstances to request a judge to modify or terminate the contract. The paper presents a brief historical overview of the institute of clausula rebus sic stantibus in Croatian and some European legal systems. The conditions under which the affected party can make a claim to the court are listed and analyzed in the context of possible solutions de lege ferenda. Special attention is given to the scope of this clause, with the emphasis on unilateral contracts. Since case law always had a big impact on this institute, the paper brings numerous court decisions pertaining to modification or termination of contracts due to changed circumstances.


Aperiodic 1D Thue–Morse (TM) multilayer optical structures composed of two parity‐time‐symmetric (PT‐symmetric) elements are constructed. The transfer matrix and scattering matrix are utilized for singular propagation characteristic analysis of the structures. The structures display interesting and singular properties, including an unusual eigenvalue spectra, transparency, and unidirectional reflectionless and unidirectional invisibility. Additionally, even‐generation and odd‐generation structures show a significant difference in the aforementioned four properties. The main reason for this is the symmetry difference between the two structures: for even‐generation structures, each individual element as well as the entire system with respect to the PT‐symmetry; while for the odd‐generation structures, each individual element has PT‐symmetry; however, the system as a whole does not have PT‐symmetry. The propagation characteristics of the entire structure, which is not a PT‐symmetric system being composed of PT‐symmetric elements, have not yet been reported. This work can contribute to the understanding of the TM sequence, as well as contribute to understanding the influence of the degree of PT‐symmetry on the singular optical propagation characteristics of aperiodic optical structures. Additionally, this may open new possibilities for important applications, such as the design of a diverse family of all‐optical devices with intriguing behaviors.


The temperature of axial flux motor components directly affects the performance of machine. The cooling design for the rotor is obviously difficult because of its inherent rotation characteristic. A rotor air-cooling enhanced method for axial flux machines with housing-cooling is proposed in this article. In order to improve the air-cooling performance of the rotor, tile-shaped fins are mounted to the inner wall of the housing taking into account the fluid flow characteristics of axial flux motors in a cavity. The impact of the key parameters on the thermal performance are investigated by the theoretical analysis and computational fluid dynamics. In addition, the thermal model of the tile-shaped fin is derived, and the thermal network of the rotor is constructed accordingly. Finally, two prototype motors are manufactured to evaluate the viability of the proposed approach. The results of theoretical and experimental studies show good agreement.


One long term goal of artificial intelligence research is the development of robot systems, which have approximately the same cognitive, communicational, and handling abilities like humans. For instance, a human-like communication requires an intuitive and symbolic user interface. Since actual robot control systems typically consist of subsymbolic interfaces, the robot must be able to extract subsymbolic information from given symbolic instructions. This requires the grounding of information and the utilizing of appropriate sensors and components. In this work, we describe the grounding of symbols based on physical properties, since we describe executable actions in form of physical effects in our system [1].


We define a signed count of real rational pseudo-holomorphic curves appearing in a one-parameter family of real Spin symplectic K3 surfaces. We show that this count is an invariant of the deformation class of the family. In the case of a real projective K3 surface, this invariant specializes to count real rational curves appearing in a linear system on the surface.