In the scope of the reregulation process of the electric sector, both competitive pool markets and contract mechanisms at the generation and commercialization levels have been emerging. At the wholesale level, and apart from pool structures and bilateral contracts, there are hybrid models in which these two types of structures coexist. In any case, the dispatch coming from the pool market operator, prepared according to the buying and selling offers, together with the bilateral contracted powers must be analyzed from a technical point of view by an independent entity-the system operator. The system operator aims at checking if the scheduled injected powers do not lead to a decrease of the security standards of the system. Taking into account this concern, in this paper we describe several models to perform the technical validation of sets of electricity schedules, namely trying to minimize the financial impact of the required changes on pre-scheduled generations and loads. This objective is modelled in terms of maximizing the satisfaction degree felt by the participants in the market. The developed application uses simulated annealing to solve the corresponding optimization problems. In this paper we include results obtained from several simulations in order to illustrate and demonstrate the interest of the referred models.


The 2016 NJ History and Historic Preservation Conference, "Building a Place for History," occurred June 8 - 9, 2016 at Seton Hall University in South Orange. You can see more about the conference, co- hosted by the NJ Historic Trust, the NJ Historical Commission, the NJ Historic Preservation Office, and the Friends of NJ Heritage, at http://www.njpreservationconference.org/ . Organizers invited students and new professionals, dubbed "the future leaders of our history and preservation professions," to submit poster presentations for display at the event. The Council for the Humanities sponsored the poster session, which was judged on site at the conference by Dr. Richard Veit of Monmouth University, Mark Dilonno of the Star Ledger, and Cristen Piatnotchka of the NJ Historical Commission. We are pleased to share winner Cheryl Hendry's poster with you here.


High resolution rest frame UV quasar absorption spectra covering low and high ionization species, as well as the Lyman series lines, provide remarkably detailed information about the gaseous phases of galaxies and their environments. For redshifts less than 1.5, many important chemical transitions remain in the observed ultraviolet wavelength range. I present examples of absorption that arises from lines of sight through a variety of structures, drawn from UV spectra recently obtained with STIS/HST. Even with the greater sensitivity of COS/HST there will be a limit to how many systems can be studied in detail. However, there is a great variety in the morphology of the phases of gas that we observe, even passing through different regions of the same galaxy. In order to compile a fair sample of the gaseous structures present during every epoch of cosmic history, hundreds of systems must be sampled. Multiple lines of sight through the same structures are needed, as well as some probing nearby structures whose luminous hosts have been studied with more standard techniques. Combined with high resolution optical and near--IR ground--based spectra, it will be possible to uniformly study the gaseous morphologies of galaxies of all types through their entire evolutionary histories.


Entire male pigs can accumulate sex specific off odours, i.e. boar taint, caused by the testicular steroid, androstenone, and the product of microbial protein degradation, skatole, which is formed in the large intestine. To avoid the off odour of pork and to reduce male specific behaviour, farmers have traditionally castrated their male piglets surgically and the procedure is still common in most countries. As this has usually been done without any pain relief, this measure faces strong public criticism. European stakeholders committed themselves to end this practice from 2018, but today, 75% of male piglets are still surgically castrated in the EU. Pain relief during and/or after surgery is increasingly used in some Western European countries to avoid suffering of the animals, but the surgery and risk of infections remain. Alternatives without surgical castration in pork production are raising entire males or immunocastration. Entire males have the advantage of a high growth potential and a good feed conversion rate, but the risk of boar taint and welfare problems due to male behavior limit the acceptance by the pork chain. Immunocastration reduces these problems but also decreases, in part, the anabolic advantage of males. To find country-specific, tailored solutions, there is a need to bundle the research activities along the pork chain and to spread scientific information to increase the acceptance of alternatives by farmers, industry and consumers.


The present invention is a steam generation chamber to create a, dried saturated steam boiling water relates to a steam cooking electro-thermal (B); The steam generating chamber (B), each stage of the deployment in the upper and, cooking for batdeu (vat) batdeu is 27 is received in the multi-stage (多 段) chamber 39 and, generated in the steam generating chamber (B) steam ( batdeu 27 steaming tube (a and steam pipes (17a) to guide up to the height, the steam inlet 19 for introducing the steam to batdeu 27 of each stage from the steam pipes (17a) provided) of 各 段); Bhatt teusil of the steaming tube (A) of the steam pipes (17a) and the steam generating chamber (B) the steaming tube (A) after which are being provided between, take the case of saturated steam generated in the steam generating chamber (B) ( 39) immediately before, the key to a saturated vapor heated by the heat transfer (電熱) vapor overheated electric heater (13 make with overheated steam to inject to); And the vapor is electrically connected to the overheating of electric heaters 13, the vapor overheated electric heater 13 in accordance with the kinds of food cooked with supply power to the different supply power amount is also steam super adjustable to FIG steam super optionally It characterized in that it comprises a; a controller (33). Steam, cooking group


Objective To evaluate the expression changes of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) after spinal cord ischemial reperfusion injury (SCII) in the rat.Methods By using experimental SCII in the rat,the expression of HIF-1αwas detected by using Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis in spinal cord tissue.Results In whole spinal cord HIF-1α expression was increased at 8th h after SCII,and peaked at 24th h,but appeared to decline after reperfusion for 3 days,and reduced significantly at 5th day.The HIF-1αgray degree level at 8th h,12th h,24th h,3rd day and 5th day groups was (211.39± 5.58), (184.53± 6.56), (167.39± 5.76), (198.44± 3.98) and (228.39± 2.87) respectively and significantly higher than control groups (P 0.05).The consequence showed that HIF-1α expressed most significantly surrounding the central canal of the gray matter and in the frontal horn,posterior horn.HIF-1αwas found to express weakly in the white matter,but relatively,express stronger in the posterior funiculus of the white matter after reperfusion for 24 h and 3 days.The HIF-1α gray degree level was (238.15± 6.87) and (236.87± 7.41) respectively and significantly higher than control groups (P 0.05).Chiefly,neurons and astrocytes in the gray matter and neuroglia cell in the white matter showed strong HIF-1αexpression.Conclusion HIF-1α was induced by SCII in rat,and changed in a time-depend manner.HIF-1αmay play an important role in the adaptive response for SCII.


Several areas and sources are covered in this annotated bibliography. Sources include existing bibliographies, books (most of which appear to be peripheral to the area), periodicals, and journals as well as less readily available or distributed bulletins, reports, and newspaper (local coverage) sources. Several areas of opposition or resistance to volunteerism are identified in the sources. For one, there are existing economic and occupational associations or sectors such as unions and teachers' organizations. Identified here are the vested interest groups which view volunteers and volunteerism as a source of livelihood competition. Another significant source of opposition, perhaps more of a visible than an ongoing structural impediment, are feminists' groups such


The article summarizes biological function and signal transduction pathway of Toll-like receptors,introduces the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infection with TLRs,and look forward to the direction of TLRs research,so as to provide a train of thought on Chinese medicine treating RSV infectious diseases in microcosmic field.


We have studied methods for reducing and enhancing the intensity of the spontaneous ordering in the growth of (InP)2/(GaP)2 short-period superlattice (SPS) quantum wells using solid source molecular beam epitaxy. The intensity of the ordering effect can be greatly reduced by using substrates with larger tilt angles or greater height and density of steps on the surface. We believe that the competition between bonding preference and the surface migration ability of group III adatoms plays an important role in this growth mechanism. By using a long growth interruption, we have also demonstrated that the intensity of the spontaneous ordering can be enhanced which gives us the capability to vary the emission energy of (InP)2/(GaP)2 SPS quantum wells and its dependence on temperature.


Abstract We correct a minor error in one of the proofs of D. Cass and H. M. Polemarchakis ( J. Econ. Theory 52 , 1990, 433–439) and demonstrate by means of an example that economies with convex preferences and non-convex production technologies can exhibit non-degenerate sunspot equilibria even if the production set of every firm is the Cartesian product of sunspot-independent production sets. This answers an open question posed in the Cass-Polemarchakis paper cited above. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: D51.


Abstract : This is an experimental evaluation of the thrust performance of 3 sets of clustered, three-dimensional, converging-diverging, cold flow supersonic nozzles. A cluster of 2, 4 and 6 nozzles were designed and fabricated. Each cluster assembly has the same geometry in that their area ratio, expansion ratio, and total throat area is the same. A single nozzle with the same geometry and total throat area was used to evaluate the creditability of the testing procedure and the performance of the 3 sets of clustered nozzles. The thrust performance of each nozzle cluster was evaluated by comparison of the measured thrust coefficient of the cluster to that of a single nozzle. The nozzle with the highest thrust coefficient was the cluster of 2 nozzles. Its performance was closely followed by the cluster of 4 nozzles. The nozzle with the lowest thrust coefficient was the cluster of 6 nozzles. The results of this study indicate that the clustering of nozzles improves the thrust performance. (Author)


The active types of stong earthquakes over M 6 0 are divided into two classes:(1) continuous earthquakes and(2) solitary earthquake Based on these types,we discuss two kinds of interval periods and try to find the reference ruler of seismic tendency of earthquake


Childhood cancer survivors with a history of anthracycline exposure have a 2 – 5 fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease as adults. Elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for pathological changes in the heart has proved challenging. The lack of available myocardial tissue available to study is hampered by long latent period between childhood exposure and onset of overt disease. The goal of this study was to use a mouse model that simulates early anthracycline exposure and evaluate cardiac endpoints throughout lifespan to study the long‐term cardiovascular effects of anthracycline treatment.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the natural environment and orthopedic diseases based on remote sensing in Zhejiang Province, China. The Landsat 8 OLI images were employed to extract environmental factors such as the vegetation, water, and urban indices. Combined with the distribution data of patients of different ages diagnosed with different types of orthopedic diseases, derived from the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, we analyzed the spatial distribution relationship and evaluated the natural environmental factors around the distribution sites of the patients. The results showed that the vegetation index (NDVI) is negatively correlated with the prevalence of hospital visits, whereas the water index (MNDWI) is positively correlated. And urban index (IBI) is positively correlated but unstable. The analysis and evaluation of the impact of natural environmental factors related to the patient on orthopedic diseases show that the risk of orthopedic disease might be associated with less vegetation and more water, and are not related to urbanization. And this conclusion is stable in the four seasons.


Although oxidase mimetic nanozymes have been widely investigated, specific biological molecules have rarely been explored as substrates, particularly in the case of ascorbate oxidase (AAO) mimetic nanozymes. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) catalyze the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) by dissolved O2 (as a green oxidant) to form dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), thus functioning as a new kind of AAO mimic. Under neutral conditions, the Michaelis–Menten constant of CuO NPs (0.1302 mm) is similar to that of AAO (0.0840 mm). Furthermore, the robustness of CuO NPs is greater than that of AAO, thus making them suitable for applications under various conditions. As a demonstration, a fluorescence AA sensor based on the AAO mimetic activity of CuO NPs was developed. To obtain a fluorescent product, o‐phenylenediamine (OPDA) was used to react with the DHAA produced by the oxidation of AA catalyzed by CuO NPs. The developed sensor was cost‐effective and easy to fabricate and exhibited high selectivity/sensitivity with a wide linear range (1.25×10−6 to 1.125×10−4 m) and a low detection limit (3.2×10−8 m). The results are expected to aid in expanding the applicability of oxidase mimetic nanozymes in a variety of fields such as biology, medicine, and detection science.


Objective To study the efficiency and immune response of recombinant LTB-HspA as an oral vaccine against in Balb/c mice. Methods Recombinant rLTB-HspA was used to immunize Balb/c mice by oral roufe. The specific antibodies IgG and IgA for helicobacter pylori were determined in serum, saliva feces and gastric juice with ELISA. Proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and the changes of IL-4, IFN-γ in the culture supernatant of spleen lymphocytes stimulated by helicobacter pylori were investingated with 3H-TdR Ruptaking and ELISA. Results The rLTB-HspA taken by Balb/c mice orally stimunated systematic and local immune response, humoral immune response, and cellular immune response. Conclusion The recombinant LTB-HspA may be used as vaccine to prevent helicobacter pylori infection.


The invention discloses a JPEG compression system based on a bin DCT algorithm. The key improvement of the JPEG compression system lies in a compression algorithm, and the adopted algorithm is a newly-developed bin DCT algorithm. In the algorithm, all the coefficients are in the binary system and all the multiplication is replaced into shift and addition operation so that the algorithm can be achieved more easily and faster through hardware and software. The complexity of DCT conversion is reduced through the binary DCT algorithm; compared with a traditional algorithm, the JPEG compression system has the advantages that the compression ratio of images is increased at the cost of certain image quality, and thus the JPEG compression system can be widely applied to various wireless multimedia sensor network systems similar to wireless head monitoring systems.


Objectives: Our previous randomized study showed mouthopening exercises with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) therapy to be effective for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and trismus in cases of disk displacement without reduction [1]. The purpose of this study is to determine whether mouth-opening exercises alone without NSAIDs can improve TMJ pain and trismus and to identify which patient requires supplemental administration of NSAIDs during treatment. Methods: Eighty patients with unilateral TMJ pain and trismus were instructed to perform mouth-opening exercises under a patient controlled use of NSAIDs for 1 week. The patients who took NSAIDs were compared with those who were treated with TMJ exercises alone. Results: Out of the 80 patients who performed mouth-opening exercises, 19 (24%) took NSAIDs while the remaining 61 patients (76%) did not take any pain medications. Two of the patients who took analgesics complained of stomach pain. It was noted that patients had reduced pain with mandibular movements and regained normal function during the study. Significant improvement on maximum mouth opening and quality of life was observed on both groups of patients. Improvement rate in patients who took NSAIDs were higher (37%) than those who did not (26%). Patients with smaller maximum mouth opening significantly took pain medications. Degree of pain on chewing before and after treatment was significantly larger in patients who took NSAIDs than those who did not. However, in total only 23 out of the 80 patients (29%) improved based on the classification of TMJ dysfunction criteria for one week. Conclusions: This study showed that mouth-opening exercises alone can improve TMJ pain and trismus but the need for NSAIDs was unavoidable in cases where symptoms were severe. The treatment regimen of mouth-opening exercises and minimal NSAIDs administration is recommended as a primary treatment for patients with TMJ pain and trismus in cases of disk displacement without reduction. More invasive secondary treatment is recommended for the patients who do not improve after the initial primary treatment.


abstract After the industrial revolution, megalopolis beyond the population of 10,000,000 appears one after another, and makes big impact to the earth environment. The urbanization in Asian developing countries is tremendous. Especially the rapid urban sprawl and the change of land use are bringing urban climate changing such as heat island phenomenon in Shanghai, China in recent years. To evaluate heat island phenomenon in Shanghai by urbanization, this study constructed a land use database using land use map of Shanghai. Using a numerical analysis method, the influence on urban climate with the urban sprawl and the change of land use of Shanghai was evaluated from 1845 to 1995. As a result, analyzed the influence on the urban climate affect by the urbanization of 25km x 19km range, the maximum temperature and average temperature rose by about 1.7ºC because of the rapid sprawl of urban area and the changes of land use for this 150 years in Shanghai.


This article divides the readers into different types,such as teachers and students,and puts its resource publicity under different categories,including utilitarian publicity,academic publicity,research article publicity and recreational publicity.Different types of publicity should be adopted for different types of readers so as to satisfy their needs and increase the utility rate of library resources.


A3-year-oldboypresentedwithconcern foracutecoalescentmastoiditis.Hehadahistoryofbilateralmyringotomywith tube insertion 9months previously for recurrent otitismedia. For the pastmonth, hehadpersistent right-sidedotorrheathathadnot respondedtooral or topical antibiotics.Hepresentedwithanoncontrast computedtomographic (CT) scan fromhis local emergency department (Figure, A andB). This showed right-sidedmastoidandmiddleearopacification, bony erosion of the mastoid, confluence of the air cells, and breachofthecortex.Onexamination,hewasafebrile,healthyappearing, andenergetic.Hehadpurulentotorrhea in the rightexternal auditorycanalandverymild tenderness topalpationover therightmastoid tip.Therewasnoearproptosis, overlyingerythema, fluctuance, or tenderness toauriclemanipulation.Results fromthecranial nerve examination(otherthanunreliablehearingassessment)werenormal. The child was admitted for intravenous antibiotics and additional imaging. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Figure, C and D) showed a homogeneously enhancing mass centered in the right mastoid with T2-weighted signal isointense to the brain (Figure, C and D). There was preservation of the dura without intracranial invasion. The adjacent sigmoid sinus was displaced but patent. The mass infiltrated the petrous apex and surrounded the carotid canal. The child was taken to the operating room for a right-sided cortical mastoidectomy and incisional biopsy of the mass. Intraoperatively, the mass was immediately beneath the mastoid cortex. The lesion was soft, yellow to tan, and friable. There was significant bony erosion with loss of the usual bony landmarks. What is your diagnosis? A


This paper considers the problem of scheduling real-time tasks with precedence and communication constra ints on heterogeneous multiprocessor systems. Most partitione d approaches statically schedule the task set by computing star t times and finishing times for each task in such a way that a desired cost function is minimized. The resulting optimization problem is however highly complex. The open problem proposed in this paper is to reduce the overall complexity by transforming precedence relations into real-time constraints and exploit uni processor scheduling results to guarantee the task set.


The quality analysis of the chemical composition in the process of tobacco purchasing and baking has become focus of the enterprises attention. At present, the chemical composition analysis in conventional laboratories is time-consuming and laborious, which cannot meet the practical application requirements. There is an urgent need for the instrument with low development cost and miniaturization for tobacco quality analysis. Therefore, based on DLP near infrared analysis module DLPNIRNANOEVM of TI company, this paper studies the modeling method of tobacco chemical composition. The spectral data of samples collected by micro near infrared instrument has the characteristics of low resolution, high noise and weak signal. Therefore, the basic PLS modeling method and spectral preprocessing method are optimized in this paper, and the mathematical models of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and nicotine in tobacco are established according to the relationship between content values and the spectra. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of the model, which provides an important reference for the practical application of micro near infrared spectrometer.


Background: Premature rupture of membranes is the Preterm Premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is the rupture of amniotic membranes before the onset of labour prior to 37 weeks gestation. PPROM complicates 3.5% to 5% of pregnancies. There are several risk factors which precipitate PPROM. The commonest risk factors are vaginal infection, short cervix, urinary tract infections. Some common complications seen in Preterm PROM are delivery within one week, cord compression, respiratory distress syndrome, abruptio placenta. Since all patients with PPROM have to be screened for vaginal infections as initiating antibiotics is an important aspect in the management. This study aims to assess the bacteriology involved in PPROM in this centre. Aim & Objectives: To determine bacteria isolated from PPROM and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates. Materials and Methods: This is a Cross-sectional study conducted on 60 pregnant women with PPROM who got admitted in labour room of KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital. PPROM was confirmed by nitrazine paper and sterile speculum examination. Under aseptic conditions high vaginal swabs were collected. Result: In this study 57% of the deliveries were through cesarean section. 30% of deliveries included in this study occurred within 24 hours. Bacteria isolated were Enterococcus faecalis (39%), Escherichia coli (28%), Klebsiella pneumonia (13%), Staphylococcus aureus (11%), Proteusmirabilis (6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%). Imipenem showed (94%) sensitivity to gram negative bacteria isolated and Linezolid showed sensitivity to (77.7%) of Gram-positive isolates compared to other antibiotics. Conclusion: Vaginal infection is an important risk factor for PPROM and preterm labour. Patient with risk need to be monitored closely and correct treatment need to be given to manage PPROM reducing the chances of morbidity and mortality.


Device for obtaining a fluid sample (15) including a needle (16) for piercing a skin and a firing mechanism for driving the needle into the skin so that a wound is generated, wherein the needle from the point of maximum penetration in the skin in the manner partially retractable that an opening in the wound is produced in the blood can collect, characterized by a stimulation ring (25), which surrounds the area of the wound to stimulate the wound mechanically and to pump the sample through the wound opening.


Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death, but its diagnosis is challenging and the role of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is controversial and has been recently questioned.

 We aimed to 1) analyse the role of EMB in improving the diagnostic performance of 2010 Task Force Criteria (TFC) in the diagnosis of ARVC; 2) assess EMB safety in our population.

 We retrospectively analysed data from 54 consecutive patients admitted to our Hospital with a clinical suspicion of ARVC undergoing endomyocardial biopsy. During hospitalization a complete assessment was performed for every patient (including electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, genetic analysis, and electroanatomic-mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy). ARVC diagnosis was assessed for every patient using both traditional 2010 TFC and a non-invasive modified TFC (2010 TFC criteria excluding biopsy).

 Overall, 9/54 (17%) patients showed a left-dominant variant of ARVC and were therefore excluded from the analysis. Non-invasive modified TFC allowed 16/45 (36%) patients to receive a definite diagnosis; when biopsy results were added the number of definite diagnosis increased to 22/45 (49%), increasing the number of patients with a definite diagnosis by 13%. More specifically: 8/11 patients not reaching a possible diagnosis were reclassified as either possible (4/8) or borderline (4/8); 3/9 patients with a possible diagnosis were reclassified as borderline; 6/9 borderline patients received a definite diagnosis of ARVC. Globally, in 6 out of 29 patients with a non-definite diagnosis, EMB confirmed ARVC diagnosis and 17/45 (38%) patients received an upgrade in their diagnostic status with EMB. Notably, EMB also revealed the coexistence of myocarditis and fibro-fatty replacement in 5/45 (9%) patients. No patient experienced complications related to EMB.

 Endomyocardial biopsy is a safe, reliable, and useful tool for ARVC diagnosis, allowing to upgrade the diagnostic status of 38% of our patients with a suspect of ARVC diagnosis. It should be performed in experienced centers and it should be guided by electro-anatomic mapping, to maximize its diagnostic power.

 Type of funding source: None


[1] An onset mechanism of the Australian summer monsoon that incorporates possible air-sea feedback processes is investigated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction /National Center for Atmospheric Research daily reanalysis data aided by an ocean general circulation model. Rapid intensification of land-ocean thermal contrast during the premonsoon period results in a well-organized continental-scale shallow vertical circulation over the Australian continent. The shallow vertical circulation is dynamically coupled both with a thermally induced low at the lower level below 850 hPa and a thermal high at 600–700 hPa level. Intensified low-level westerly anomalies and increased solar radiation in less cloudy air induced by the subsidence in the periphery of the Australian thermal low results in increasing sea surface temperature (SST) along the northern coast of Australia. The thermal high concurrent with the shallow vertical circulation leads to dry intrusion into the layer at � 700 hPa over the Arafura Sea and Coral Sea through the horizontal and vertical advective processes. A combination of the SST increase and the dry intrusion creates a more convectively unstable condition. When convective instability is intensified while subsidence suppresses convection, the arrival of large-scale disturbances with ascending motion (such as the Madden-Julian oscillation) at the domain where the instability is enhanced triggers deep cumulus convection, implying the onset of the monsoon. The onset mechanism proposed in this study may apply not only to the Australian monsoon but also to other monsoon systems that have continental masses in the subtropics. INDEX TERMS: 1625 Global Change: Geomorphology and weathering (1824, 1886); 3339 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Ocean/atmosphere interactions (0312, 4504); 3374 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Tropical meteorology; KEYWORDS: Australian summer monsoon, onset, convective instability, thermal low, dry intrusion


N-Nitroso compounds (NO-compounds) , such as nitrosamines and nitrosamides, are produced by the reaction of nitrite with nitrogen compounds. The formation of these compounds in vitro and in vivo was recently reviewed.l Kinetic studies showed that differences of up to 200,000 X occur in the ease of nitrosation of various nitrogen compounds, as measured by the kinetic rate constants. The most readily nitrosated classes of compounds are the weakly basic secondary amines (e.g. morpholine, piperazine, and N-methylaniline) , tertiary enamines (e.g. aminopyrine), N-alkylureas, and N-alkylcarbamates. Nitrite occurs in nitrite-preserved meat and fish, spoiled foods (where nitrate is reduced by bacterial action), and human saliva (which has about 10. mg NaNOJliter) . Amines, ureas, and carbamates occur widely as food constituents, food additives, drugs, and/or pesticides. More than 100 NO-compounds have been found to induce tumors in rodents, in the stomach, liver, esophagus, lungs, nervous system and pancreas. Many of these tumors are similar to tumors in man, where they show wide geographic and temporal variations in incidence, suggesting that they are induced by chemical agents. Hence the possibility arises that these tumors are induced in man by NO-compounds. These could reach the body from external sources, food and cigarette smoke, for example, or be formed in vivo, especially, since nitrosation is acid-catalyzed, in the stomach. The latter situation has been produced in rats and mice, where feeding nitrite together with amines or u r e a has given rise to acute liver damage and tumors of various organs. The concentration of NO-compounds so far determined in food is usually small, <0.1 mg/kg, and it remains to be established whether NO-compounds present a significant risk to human populations. However, populations exposed to high levels of nitrate (which could be reduced to nitrite) appear to show raised incidences of gastric and liver cancer.'. In conclusion, the points briefly reviewed here indicate that involvement of NO-compounds in the etiology of human cancer is a real possibility. Therefore, it would be useful to be able to prevent the formation of NOcompounds in food and in vivo. Since a number of readily nitrosated drugs are administered orally in largc doses, their possible nitrosation in vivo is particularly disturbing. Among such drugs are piperazine, phenmetrazine, aminopyrine, ethambutol, and (possibly) oxytetracycline (OTC) and disulfiram. Many other drugs have yielded NO-derivatives, but often only under extreme


We present a fast algorithm for onset extraction, based on spectral detection functions, peak picking with dynamic thresholding and silence detection. The algorithm is implemented in the C language and has been specifically tailored to output its result within short delays. A brief overview of the algorithm and its implementation are given, as well as speed measurements.


SIR,-Thank you for your leading, article "Public Attitudes to Mental Health Educadon " (13 January, p. 69). You quite clearly develop a sound argument favouring an opinion which I have concluded is axiomatic: presenting the public with the facts may not substantially alter previous opinions. The same results are evident in all sorts of campaigns such as immunization and safety programmes. As you say so well, there must be other less obvious but basically very powerful motives involved in these seemingly irrational decisions. There are indeed. And this is the very mechanism of psychology which we have been told of again and again by those mental health professionals who subscribe to the notion of unconscious motivation. All of us are guilty of the same curious failing you illustrate in the "Public Attitudes" comment: despite our having been educated about unconscious motives, we still try to conduct our studies and arrange our programmes using only superficially rational and objective variables. No one should be surprised by your findings, but many still are. Public and professional attitudes have nearly always been negative about the mentally ill because the afflicted represent (in imagination if not in fact) the very essence of what is contrary to our individual sense of integrity and control. Mental health progranmmes now enjoy considerable attention and financial support. But not because people's attitude has fundamentally changed about these conditions. No programme which does not take into account unconscious motives will succeed whether it be public education for mental health or strategies for international co-operation. If industry and advertising can help, it will only be because they tap these motives and then work them to the chosen ends. We would be better off to come to terms with the phenomenon of the unconscious directly-for it will not go away. Otherwise there will be a growing feeling of being manipulated against " our wishes." -I am, etc., American Embassy, R. 0. SETTLE. Paris.


The recession that Australia faced in 2009 must have been the most anticipated economic crisis in Australian history. Although the worst global economic downturn since the Great Depression caused problems for the Australian economy, it appeared by late 2009 that Australia had avoided a severe downturn and outperformed the rest of the developed world.2 One year earlier, it seemed certain that the Rudd Labor government had inherited an unfortunate Labor tradition of coming into office just as good times were replaced by bad. James Scullin had to deal with the Great Depression; Gough Whitlam tried to spread the luck of the post-war boom just at the point the luck ran out; and Bob Hawke took over at a time when it was increasingly obvious that Australia's problems were structural, rather than just cyclical. Determined to replicate the excellent record of the Hawke government, rather than the ignominy of Scullin's or Whitlam's, the Rudd government quickly embarked on a resolute program of government spending to stimulate the economy. The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) added monetary easing to this fiscal stimulus by cutting interest rates by 4.25 per cent between September 2008 and April 2009.


This article focuses on the European heritage of rhetoric in the 18 th century within the dictionary Deutsches Worterbuch by the brothers Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm as a case of transformation of knowledge from the classical language of scholarship - Latin - to the vernacular of Germany in scholarly literature. The dictionary Deutsches Worterbuch begun by the Grimm brothers was finally edited in the 20 th century. It is a source for the historical terms used in the German language in the written and published books prior to the first half of the 19 th century. The Deutsches Worterbuch presents historical terms, which are documents of the usage of the German language since the time of Luther, and also newly created terms resulting from translations. The concept of «rhetoric» in the dictionary demonstrates this dichotomy. The effects this dictionary had on its readers' understanding of language will be shown in contrast to other European movements of national identity in the 19 th century.


Given the sophistication of recent type systems, unification-based type-checking and inference can be a time-consuming phase of compilation---especially when union types are combined with subtyping. It is natural to consider improving performance through parallelism, but these algorithms are challenging to parallelize due to complicated control structure and difficulties representing data in a way that is both efficient and supports concurrency. We provide techniques that address these problems based on the LVish approach to deterministic-by-default parallel programming. We extend LVish with Saturating LVars, the first LVars implemented to release memory during the object's lifetime. Our design allows us to achieve a parallel speedup on worst-case (exponential) inputs of Hindley-Milner inference, and on the Typed Racket type-checking algorithm, which yields up an 8.46× parallel speedup on 14 cores for type-checking examples drawn from the Racket repository.


The modern automobile is a complex electronic system with a number of features providing functionalities for driver and passenger convenience, control of the vehicle, and safety of the occupants. As new features are developed and introduced into the automobile, they interact with already existing features, sometimes resulting in undesirable behaviours. These undesirable interactions are often detected very late in the development cycle, or sometimes even in the field. This introduces uncertainty in the system development process as changes to address these interactions often result in a cascading series of changes whose scope is difficult to predict. This paper presents a method and algorithms for identifying and resolving feature interactions early in the development life-cycle by addressing the problem at the level of requirements specifications. We have applied this method successfully in the automotive domain and present a case study of detecting and resolving feature interactions.


Background: In addition to NBEAL2, a single dominant-negative mutation in the GFIB1 gene has been associated with grey platelet syndrome but no association has been mentioned with dense granule deficiency. Here we describe a child with thrombocytopenia, alpha-delta granule deficiency, and a homozygous missense mutation in GFIB1 . Case Report: The patient is an 8y/o Hispanic male born to non-consanguineous parents. Prenatal and birth history were unremarkable. No family history of blood disorders or pediatric malignancies. The boy has 2 healthy older siblings, no dysmorphic features, and normal skin pigmentation and eye findings. Renal function and hearing are normal. At 3mo he was noted to have multiple spontaneous petechiae along with an isolated thrombocytopenia of 46K/uL. At 10 months, a bone marrow evaluation showed increased megakaryocytes suggestive of ITP. By 3years of age, he received three treatments of IVIG without an adequate response. His platelet counts have generally ranged between 30-50K/uL. With acute illnesses, they drop to 15-20K/uL. His bleeding symptoms have primarily been spontaneous bruising and petechiae as well as prolonged epistaxis. His symptoms have been generally controlled with anti-fibrinolytic agents alone. Platelet transfusions have been reserved for surgical procedures or significant bleeding symptoms. Further evaluations over the past 5 years have included peripheral smears, showing atypical large hypo-granular platelets, and two additional bone marrow aspirates, showing megakaryocytic hyperplasia with numerous osteoclast-like forms and occasional small mono-lobated megakaryocytes and evident emperipolesis. Anti-nuclear antibody testing and platelet direct and indirect antibody testing were negative. Platelet electron microscopy showed that platelets virtually contained no dense granules (0.05 dense granules/platelet, 200 platelets) and about 30-40% of the platelets had markedly decreased alpha granules. Some platelets had complex canalicular networks and membrane vacuoles. These features are consistent with an alpha-delta platelet storage-pool deficiency. A myeloid malignancy mutation panel, performed using next generation sequencing, detected no variants of known significance. Gene sequencing for MHY9 -related disorders as well as DNA breakage analysis for Fanconi9s anemia were negative. However, DNA sequencing of the patient9s sample revealed a homozygous missense mutation (c923 T>C; p.Leu308Pro) in the GFIB1 gene; each parent carried one copy of this change. Conclusion: GFIB1 , mapped to chromosome 9q34.13, encodes a transcriptional repressor that is important for megakaryopoiesis. It has been reported in patients with gray platelet syndrome; an inherited platelet disorder associated with thrombocytopenia and decreased alpha granules. This case points to an association of biallelic GFIB1 mutations with alpha-delta granule deficiency. This case underscores the importance of platelet esoteric testing and molecular analysis in the diagnosis of hereditary platelet disorders. As a targetable mutation in the future, this could revolutionize the early diagnosis and treatment of this rare platelet disorder. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A coloring is distinguishing (or symmetry breaking) if no non-identity automorphism preserves it. The distinguishing threshold of a graph $G$, denoted by $\theta(G)$, is the minimum number of colors $k$ so that every $k$-coloring of $G$ is distinguishing. We generalize this concept to edge-coloring by defining an alternative index $\theta'(G)$. We consider $\theta'$ for some families of graphs and find its connection with edge-cycles of the automorphism group. Then we show that $\theta'(G)=2$ if and only if $G\simeq K_{1,2}$ and $\theta'(G)=3$ if and only if $G\simeq P_4, K_{1,3}$ or $K_3$. Moreover, we prove some auxiliary results for graphs whose distinguishing threshold is 3 and show that although there are infinitely many such graphs, but they are not line graphs. Finally, we compute $\theta'(G)$ when $G$ is the Cartesian product of simple prime graphs.


Consistent with a biopsychosocial framework for understanding children's pain, it is important to recognize that many areas in a child's life may be affected by chronic or recurrent pain. Attendance at school typically occupies a large number of a child's waking hours. It is an environment where social relationships develop and important learning occurs. This article reviews the literature on various aspects of school functioning and common areas of functional impairment of children and adolescents with chronic or recurrent pain conditions, including school attendance and participation, social functioning, and academic performance. Factors within the school's physical environment that may impact on the functioning of students with pain conditions are also outlined.


This paper mainly focuses on the performance evaluation of "Perturb&Observe" and "Incremental Conductance" algorithms as the most commonly utilized two Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques for photovoltaic systems. Matlab/SIMULINK platform is used to model and simulate the entire system. The simulation model of a PV module is constructed based on the one-diode mathematical model of a solar cell and the model is validated using the manufacturer's datasheet parameters for a commercially available PV module. A boost type DC/DC converter topology is utilized and modeled and simulation models for "P&O" and "IncCond" algorithms are constructed. According to the results, both of the algorithms have shown almost similar performances under identical test conditions. Despite its relatively high complexity, the IncCond algorithm has been slightly more efficient and has reached to the MPP in a shorter time period, while most probably the simple structure of the P&O algorithm has caused it to be the most preferred MPPT algorithm. The paper provides reliable information on the performance and characteristics of the mentioned two MPPT techniques which can be used by system designers to improve the overall efficiency and reduce the cost of PV system applications.


Gut microbes are immunologically tolerated in the gastrointestinal tract but trigger aggressive immune responses upon translocation across the gut barrier. Although oral tolerance, a physiological process that dampens immune responses to food proteins and commensal microbiota, remains poorly defined, significant progress was made during and after the Human Immunodeficiency Virus epidemic in the 1980s and the discovery of regulatory T cells in 1995. Additional insight was gained after the discoveries of innate lymphoid cells in 2008 and the functional elucidation of mucosal mast cells. Prior to the historical discovery of human pathogens, the etiologies of most human diseases were considered unknown. The same was true about many genetic disorders prior to the Human Genome Project. Here, we hypothesize that many of the remaining idiopathic conditions, including autoimmune, fibroproliferative, and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as some cancers, can be considered microbial translocation disorders triggered by the host immune responses to extraintestinal gut microbes and/or their constituent parts. In addition to microbial translocation, we also discuss potential interventions for intestinal barrier rehabilitation, including antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A and membrane lipid replacement supplements.


Various string matching algorithms have been designed and some experimental works on string matching over nite alphabets have been performed but string matching over innnite alphabets has been little investigated. We present here experimental results where symbols are taken among potentially innnite sets such as integers, reals or composed structures. These results show that in most cases it is better to decompose each symbols into a sequence of bytes and use algorithms which assume that the alphabet is nite which enable to use heuristics on characters.


Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Neurodegenerative disease in perspective 1.2. Searching for symptoms in traditional medicine 1.3. Approaches to scientific investigation 1.4. Plants as a source of useful therapeutic agents in neurodegenerative diseases 2. Plants and their constituents from Ayurvedic medicine 2.1 Withania somnifera 2.2. Bacopa monniera 2.3. Centella asiatica 2.4. Mucuna pruriens 3. Plants and their constituents from Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) 3.


Objective To compare two types of anastomosis in a rat model of intimal hyperplasia of autologous vein graft in rats.Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into two groups.The external jugular veins were anastomosized with the common carotid artery of the same side with interrupted suture and twice continuous suture,respectively.Tissue samples were harvested at 4 weeks after the operation.The vein graft patency was observed and the thickness and area index of the neointima and media were analyzed by histopathology with HE staining.Results Compared with the interrupted suture group,the twice continuous suture showed less time consuming,less bleeding,but also less graft patency.The intimal hyperplasia in the vein grafts occurred after the two anastomosis methods had no significant difference.Conclusions The twice continuous suture has advantages of less time consuming and less bleeding,but it requires more skill.There is no significant difference in the degree of intimal hyperplasia of autologous vein grafts in rats by the two anastomosis methods.


Effective procurement of goods and services in the Surabaya City Government area is essential to ensure that public funds are spent accountably and transparently. As such, there is an urgent need to examine the legal aspects of business contracts for the procurement of government goods and services in the city of Surabaya. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of default by the Goods and Services Provider, as well as the responsibility of the regional head in the abuse of authority in the procurement of goods and services of local government. The research method uses normative juridical methods with a statutory approach and concept approach. The results of the findings in this study are that there are internal and external factors that make the occurrence of default where the agreement in an agreement is not implemented. Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government for the implementation of legal liability of regional heads can be used as a guideline for the mechanism of legal liability of regional heads. The implementation of personal legal responsibility can be subject to article 3 of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption, as well as the return of state losses according to article 59 paragraph (2) of Law Number 1 of 2004 concerning State Treasury and article 18 letter b of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption. By shedding light on the legal framework that underpins procurement contracts in Surabaya, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers, public officials, and other stakeholders seeking to ensure the effective use of public funds in Surabaya City Government procurement.


In this paper, we explore how the power differential between participants of an interaction affects the way they interact in the context of political debates. We analyze the 2012 Republican presidential primary debates where we model the power index of each candidate in terms of their poll standings. We find that the candidates' power indices affected the way they interacted with others in the debates as well as how others interacted with them.


We propose a compact combined system which supports compound spoof surface resonances due to the coupling between spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized surface plasmons (LSPs). The system is composed of ultrathin metallic spiral structures for discrete LSP resonances and an ultrathin corrugated metallic strip to guide continuous SPP modes. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the LSP resonances can be efficiently excited and captured by the SPP waveguide, while the SPP transmissions can be judiciously controlled by the LSP structures. The spoof SPP-LSP combined system may find potential applications in sensing and integrated photonic circuitry in the microwave and terahertz frequencies.


In order to investigate the effect of sludge age and pH value on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND),the removing effect of nitrogen of SND was studied in SBR treating low carbon synthetic wastewater under different sludge ages and pH values.The results indicated that the nitrifying efficiency increases and tends to be stable,the denitrifying efficiency and sludge concentration also increase with the increasing of sludge age when the sludge age was bigger than 10 d.The neutral and slightly alkalescency pH range is better to SND in SBR.It can be concluded that the effect of sludge age on SND is embodied in its effect on the nitrification and sludge concentration.The operating of SND is better to reduce the adding doses of alkality.


Functioning experience of regional pharmaceutical complex in Kemerovo region, which is presented in this article, shows an efficiency of work with centralized purchases and distribution of medicines. Today, owing to this work we have an opportuniy to guarantee one hundred per cent passability of control of medicines, quality, which are intented for social programmes. And also we can optimize providing of consumers with medicines


The EPR spectrum of Cu2+ in the low temperature monoclinic phase of ZnTiF6⋅6H2O was studied at 9.24 GHz between 4 and 160 K. Assuming the Jahn–Teller spectra to have axial symmetry, g∥ was found to vary from 2.472±0.004 at 4 K to 2.331±0.004 at 158 K, while g⊥ varied from 2.097±0.004 to 2.173±0.004 over this range. From the temperature variations of the g values, the lowering of the energy Δ of one potential well associated with the Jahn–Teller distortion compared to the other two was found to be approximately 143 cm−1. It is shown that an apparent decrease in Δ with increasing temperature above 100 K could be due to the presence of an excited vibronic state about 170 cm−1 above the ground state. The variation of ‖A∥‖ from (107±1)×10−4 cm−1 at 4 K to (53±3)×10−4 cm−1 at 158 K agreed with predictions based on the temperature variation of the g tensor.


Wha t influence does society have on preaching? Wha t influence does preaching have on society? Preaching as a Social Act is an a t tempt to answer these quest ions. The book g rew ou t of s tudy carried out by a research g r o u p on the Social Dimensions of Preaching of the Academy of Homi letics. Ar thu r Van Seters, the editor, is principal and associate professor of bibhcal interpretat ion a n d preaching at the Vancouver School of Theology, Vancouver , British Columbia . In his in t roductory chapter, he wri tes that the book is "an explorat ion of h o w theology and the concrete realities of society are l inked in the act of preach ing" (p. 16). He rightly claims that "every se rmon is u t te red by socialized beings to a social entity in a specific, social context and a lways at a social m o m e n t " (p. 17). F rom this state men t he concludes that preaching is a social act. In mak ing this claim. Van Seters is careful to art iculate that this assert ion does not in any w a y mini mize the theological aspects of preaching. H e believes that preach ing is pr imari ly a theological act because it is a proclamat ion of the Word of God, bu t the proclamat ion of that W o r d by a member of a c o m m u  ni ty to the communi ty , hence its inherent social na ture . H e sees the emphas i s on the social na tu re of preaching as a vital corrective to preaching which mere ly sees the wor ld as a stage on which God encounters individuals . Preaching as a social act addresses both indiv idual lives and the life of a communi ty which is a part of the larger social wor ld . In chapter one, Justo and Cather ine González encourage preachers to take a wide r look at the wor ld in o rder to discover that preaching does not have a context bu t mul t ip le contexts. Effective preaching mus t not only be cognizant of these contexts, bu t m u s t emerge out of an analysis of "how the context of an act of preaching affects w h a t is said and w h a t is unde r s tood" (p. 35). Then, in an insightful chapter on the congregat ion 's role in the act of preaching, Don W a r d l a w challenges preachers to s top thinking of a se rmon as someth ing which the preacher works u p to give to the people , w h o are considered passive recipients of the preacher ' s efforts. H e encourages preachers to think of the hearers as "co-creators of the response to Scripture, as pa r tne rs in the Word-event" (p. 62). In the thi rd chapter , Edwina H u n t e r calls for preachers to unde r s t and the social influences which have formed and informed w h o w e are as w e preach. She contends that " the preacher w h o unde r t akes reflective and critical selfanalysis m a y well be on the w a y to the greatest f reedom he or she has ever experienced . . . " (p. 95). Next , Walter Brueggemann wri tes on the social na tu re of the biblical text for preaching. H e points out that " the se rmon is not an act of repor t ing on an old text, bu t it is an act of mak ing a


This article sets out to review aspects of the history of a key world food commodity, and particularly to review the historical trajectory of white sugar and its links to ideas about "modernity." It argues that the idea of white sugar, in tandem with the manufacture of this form of the commodity, was taken up by new elites in the new states of the ex-colonial world during the middle decades of the twentieth century, and (following Sidney Mintz) that white sugar became literally the taste of modernity for elites and masses alike. It explores the ramifications of this argument in the context of the Netherlands Indies/Indonesia during a period of time extending from the 1930s through the 1950s.


It is not unusual for a hormone to have more than one mode of action. Some steroids may function by binding to a site on a cell membrane and influence events directly in that cell. The same steroid may also function by combining with a specific receptor to form a complex that will be recognized by a response element on specific gene promoters. However, we must be skeptical of a single steroid that can cause weight loss in obese animals, correct blood sugar concentration in diabetic animals, decrease blood cholesterol, prevent atherosclerosis, enhance the activity of the immune system, depress tumor formation, and improve the memory of aged mice. We are willing to accept the concept that the weak androgen effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may rest on its conversion to testosterone and that the weak estrogen activity of androstene diol may result from its conversion to estradiol. In a logical extension, is it possible that DHEA is converted to still other metabolites which may each be responsible for one or more of the effects just mentioned above? Surely, mammals must have evolved compounds that are quantitatively much more active and qualitatively more specific than the parent DHEA. We decided to synthesize steroids that are produced from DHEA or that could be formed metabolically from DHEA by hydroxylation, hydrogenation, oxidation, carbon-carbon bond cleavage, conjugation, or other reactions and to determine their biologic activities. To carry out this program a convenient assay to guide progress was needed. What follows is a description of events that led us to use enzyme induction as a measure of steroid activity.


Abstract 593 Background: Treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) relapsing after allo-SCT remains disappointing and prognostic factors for outcome are still unclear. Several therapeutic approaches are offered to those patients including: palliative and supportive care, intensive chemotherapy (ICT), demethylating agents (DMA) and immunotherapy with either donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or second allo-SCT. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for outcome and to investigate the impact of different treatment groups on survival. Methods: We report a retrospective study on 137 consecutive MDS patients who relapsed after allo-SCT between Jul 1999 and March 2011 in 19 French and Belgian centers. Data quality was ensured using computerized discrepancy errors and vigorous on-site data verification of every single file. HLA matching was double-checked by the French Bone Marrow Donor Registry. Results: At diagnosis, 61 patients presented RA/RARS/RCMD, 27 RAEB1 and 49 RAEB2 according the WHO classification. Cytogenetic was unfavorable in 47 patients (35%) while 76 patients (57%) had IPSS Int-2 or High and 52 (39%) had progressed to a more advanced disease before allo-SCT. At transplant, 62 patients (47%) were considered responders (in CR or PR), while 70 were transplanted with progressive disease (untreated, stable without hematological improvement, relapsed or refractory disease). Patients received either myeloablative (MAC) (n=38) or nonmyeloablative (RIC) (n=99) conditioning. Source of stem cells was BM (n=40) or PBSC (n=97) from sibling (n=89) or allele well-matched unrelated (10/10) (n=48) donors. Median age at relapse was 57 years (range, 19–70). Patients aged Post-transplant relapse occurred after a median time of 6 months (range, 0.8–102). Of the 109 evaluable patients 62 (57%) had >= 10% of marrow blasts, of whom 38 had >= 20%. At the time of relapse, 61 patients were still under immunosuppressive treatment which was quickly stopped in all of them. For the analysis, patients were divided into three groups according to ultimate salvage received treatment as follows: palliative and supportive care (PSC-group) (n=42, 31%), cytoreductive treatment alone (CRT-group) [DMA (n=18, 13%) and ICT (n= 11, 8%)] and immunotherapy preceded or not by a CRT (IT-group) [DLI (n=48, 35%) and second allo-SCT (n=18, 13%)]. With a median follow-up of 33 months from the relapse, estimated 2-year overall survival was 2.4%, 6.7% and 30.3% for the PSC-group, CRT-group and IT-group, respectively (p = 10%, HR=2.56 [95% IC= 1.55–4.22, p Conclusion: This study shows that salvage immunotherapy (DLI or second allo-SCT) provides the best results and should, whenever possible, be offered to patients with MDS who relapse after allo-SCT especially those with low tumor burden. Patients who received cytoreductive treatment alone (be it chemotherapy or DMA) had less satisfactory outcome. Our results emphasize the need to perform prospective protocols combining cytoreductive treatments and immunotherapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The utility model relates to a superhard circular saw blade for metal cutting. In detail, the basal body of circular saw blade is respectively equipped with arbor hole and installation hole. In addition, edges of the circular saw blade are free from sawtooth or have annular sawtooth. Its surface is coated with aluminum titanium nitride, which is characterized by smoothness, high density and hardness, temperature and abrasion resistance and oxidation resistance to markedly heighten saw blade performance and service life. The utility model is not only applicable to the high-stress metal cutting but also soft metal materials cutting, especially high-speed and high-temperature dry cutting.


Cobalt and/or Molybdenum based catalysts were simply dispersed on γ-Al2O3 through wet impregnation. The set of prepared monometallic and bimetallic catalysts of aCoO/γ-Al2O3, aMoO/γ-Al2O3, aCoOaMoO/γ-Al2O3, and bCoObMoO/γ-Al2O3 were investigated and evaluated in the hydrocracking of Calophyllum inophyllum (CIO) which is not a food crop as well as rich in unsaturated fatty acid that potential to be converted into biofuel. Out of the prepared catalysts, aCoOaMoO/γ-Al2O3 with total metal content, acidity, and specific surface area of 13.62 wt%, 5.01 mmol.g-1, and 107.67 m2.g-1, respectively, showed the best catalytic performance. The high metal loading of aCoOaMoO/γ-Al2O3 is favorable by producing 65.56 wt% liquid fraction through carbocation formation mechanism. It was selective to produce 8.61 wt% gasoline and 5.01 wt% diesel. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved


The utility model provides an electric wheelchair for people to stand, lie and sit. The electric wheelchair comprises a base plate, a seat frame and a backrest. The base plate is provided with a driving wheel, a follow-up wheel, a motor used for driving the driving wheel to rotate, a reducer and a power box and further comprises a posture changing system. The posture changing system comprises a base frame angle adjusting mechanism, a backrest angle adjusting mechanism, a base plate horizontally-moving follow-up mechanism and a pedal follow-up mechanism. The base frame angle adjusting mechanism comprises the base frame and a base frame electric push rod. One end of the base frame is hinged to the front end of the base plate, and the two ends of the base frame electric push rod are hinged to the base frame and the base plate respectively. The electric wheelchair can assist a user in achieving the function of three postures, namely standing, lying and sitting, and the user can change among the three postures at will in a self-help mode and remain at will. In the process of switching from sitting to lying, the base plate can correspondingly move forwards and horizontally, and therefore even a patient who suffers from high paraplegia will not feel discomfort. In addition, a knee abutting device can assist a patient who suffers from lower limb disorder in standing and recovery training.


Introduction Presently, there are few population-level strategies to address SARS-CoV-2 infection except preventive measures such as vaccination. Micronutrient deficiency, particularly vitamin D and zinc deficiency, has been associated with dysregulated host responses, and may play an important role in COVID-19. Methods and analysis We have designed a 2×2 factorial, randomised, double-blind, multi-centre placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of vitamin D and zinc on COVID-19 outcomes in Maharashtra, India. COVID-19 positive individuals are recruited from hospitals in Mumbai and Pune. Participants are provided (1) vitamin D3 bolus (180 000 IU) maintained by daily dose of 2000 IU and/or (2) zinc gluconate (40 mg daily), versus placebo for 8 weeks. Participants undergo a detailed assessment at baseline and at 8 weeks, and are monitored daily in hospital or every 3 days after leaving the hospital to assess symptoms and other clinical measures. A final follow-up telephone call occurs 12 weeks post-enrolment to assess long-term outcomes. The primary outcome of the study is to time to recovery, defined as time to resolution of all of fever, cough and shortness of breath. Secondary outcomes include: duration of hospital stay, all-cause mortality, necessity of assisted ventilation, change in blood biomarker levels and individual symptoms duration. Participant recruitment commenced on April 2021. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethical committees of all participating institutions. The study findings will be presented in peer-reviewed medical journals. Trial registration numbers NCT04641195, CTRI/2021/04/032593, HMSC (GOI)-2021-0060.


VQ(Vector Quantization)technique is widely used in the speaker recognition field.The VQ codebook is generated by LBG algorithm.In the algorithm,how to process empty voronoi cells is a key issue for its being related to the quantity of the codebook and the algorithm's efficiency.To solve the problem,an optimized process-ing method is presented in the paper.The given maximum score voronoi cell is divided based on being well able to cluster to form sub-voronoi cells and generating most suitable codewords,so that the possibility of generating empty voronoi once again can be eliminated.The method can avoid abandoning empty voronoi cells to keep the o-riginal vectors' integrity of space distribution.The method is testified by the experiments.[


Potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in Canada and the United States totals approximately 30 × 106 Mg yr-1. Approximately half of this is unsuitable for human consumption. This potato by-product comprises cull potatoes and potato processing waste (PPW). Liquid waste from processing plants can be applied to agricultural land. With strict environmental monitoring and control, crops such as corn (Zea mays L.), vegetables and grass can be used to divert large volumes of liquid waste. Solid waste and culls have traditionally been put in landfills or disposed of on agricultural land as a fertilizer. However these can be diverted from landfill sites or agricultural land and used as a high-quality animal feed, principally in beef feedlots. Research has shown that PPW can replace corn and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain without negative effects on growth of beef cattle or meat quality. Indeed, efficiency of animal growth per unit diet intake is improved. These effects have been observed with diets containing up...


I analyse a model of incentive contracts where principals who each possesses the same monitoring technologies, contract with agents from a pool of individuals differing in their wealth endowments. Principals and agents are matched to form partnerships, and the matches are subject to a double-sided moral hazard problems. Agents need to borrow from the principals to finance their projects. In equilibrium, the payoffs to the principals and agents are determined endogenously. The wealthier agents consume higher payoffs, whereas all principals get the same payoff. I further analyse the effects of changes in the monitoring cost and the risk-free interest rate on the optimal monitoring and stock prices.


With reference to a wide range of archival and published materials, the author outlines the history of establishment and functioning of the Turinsk mail staging post in the late 16 th – first third of the 17 th century giving a detailed characteristic of coachmen's professional, economic, and social activity, emphasizing their significant role in local life. The author concludes that the initially hard conditions of life of the Turinsk mail staging post gradually deteriorated which hurdled the development of Siberia.


If f(x) is continuous over any interval, which we may take, without loss of generality, to be the interval — 1 ^ x á 1, there exists a unique polynomial Pn*(x), of given maximum degree n, which is such that the maximum of | f(x) — Pn*(x) \ over —1 á x ^ 1 is less than the maximum of \f(x) — Pn(x) | over —1 ^ x ^ 1, where Pn(x) is any other polynomial of degree not exceeding n. The polynomial Pn*(x) is known as the Chebyshev approximation, of maximum degree n, to f(x) over — 1 ^ x ^ 1. It is characterized by the fact that f(x) — Pn*(x) assumes extreme values at n + 2 points, at least, of the interval -1 g i ^ 1, these extreme values being equal in magnitude and alternating in sign [1]. We refer to the points of any such set of n + 2 points as critical points, and we denote them by (xy*, ■ ■ ■ , xn+2), where —1 ^ Xi* < ■ ■ ■ < xn+2 ^ 1. Thus, the end points, ±1, of the interval —1 ^ x i= 1 may be critical points, but at least n of the n + 2 critical points, namely, x2*, ■ • • , xn+i , are interior points of this interval. We assume that f(x) is not only continuous, but also differentiable, over — 1 ^ x j£ 1, and so the derivative of f(x) — Pn*(x) is zero at each of the n points x*, ■ ■ ■ , £"+1. If the derivative of f(x) — Pn*(x) cannot be zero more than n times, it follows that xi* = — 1, xn+2 = 1 and that the derivative of f(x) — P"*(x) has precisely n zeros that are interior points of the interval -.1 j¡.-x j 1. The polynomial Pn*(x) is an odd function of x when/(x) is odd, and is an even function of x when/(a;) is even. Thus, when/(x) is odd we may take n to be even, the maximum degree of Pn*(x) being n — 1, and when f(x) is even we may take n to be odd, the maximum degree of P"*(x) being again n — 1. In these cases the critical points are distributed symmetrically about the mid-point x = 0 of the interval — 1 á x á 1, and we may confine our attention to the part 0 ^ x ^ 1 of this interval. Whenf(x) is odd, so that n is even, the number of critical points is even and x = 0 is not a critical point; on the other hand, when f(x) is even, the number of critical points is odd and x = 0 is a critical point. When/(z) is odd, or even, and x = 1 is a critical point, we change our notation and denote the positive interior critical points by x* < x* < ■ • ■ < xk*, where n = 2k in the first case, and n = 2k + 1 in the second. For example, whenf(x) = arc tan x, P2k(x) is an odd polynomial of degree ^2fc — 1, and so the derivative of arc tan x — P2k(x) cannot vanish more than 2k times; this implies that the points ±1 are critical points, and, in addition, since this derivative must vanish 2k times, that P2k(x) is of degree 2k — 1. Similarly, when f(x) = cos mx, m > 0, P2jh-i is an even polynomial of degree 2k, the points 0 and 1 being critical points. It is clear that Pn*(x) is easily determined if any set xi* < x* < • ■ • < xn+2


Long-term strategies for private-land conservation are experiencing a surge in scholarly attention. This interest is timely and justified. Globally, many important biodiversity values occur on private lands and are therefore subject to private land use decisions that can threaten their persistence in the absence of protection. Public and private actors spend billions of dollars annually to ensure the long-term protection and enhancement of public ecosystem services on private lands. Many governments recognize and strengthen "privately protected areas" (PPAs) as part of long-term protection obligations under the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (Stolton, Redford, & Dudley, 2014). As public policy makers deliberate over the best strategies to enhance private-land protection, they need to understand how cost-effective these different policy options are, and how they compare to each other. Although scholars have examined many aspects of privateland conservation in rich empirical detail, few studies provide rigorous empirical accounts of even the most fundamental costs and causal effects of widespread public policy strategies to enhance the long-term protection of private lands. This is a concern because costs and effects are often correlated in important but not immediately discernible ways, and ignoring either can make interventions appear more or less cost-effective than they actually are. Synthesis is complicated due to substantial diversity in contexts and interventions. Protection can be voluntary or mandatory, perpetual or reversible, and affect full or partial land rights; involved landowners range from individuals


be only a measure of mucosal damage. In this connexion it is worth mentioning that the small-intestinal mucosa is frequently abnormal in ulcerative colitis, and the degree of abnormality is positively correlated with the clinical severity of the colitis (Salem et al., 1964, 1965). This raises the possibility that absorption of whole protein may occur from the small intestine, with resulting high levels of antibody that are then no more than an indication that the intestine has been widely affected, which in turn may indicate a relatively bad prognosis. Circulating antibodies to dietary proteins are present from birth and can be demonstrated in cord blood, commonly at a higher titre than in maternal blood (Wright et al., 1962). When infants are weaned and fed on cow's milk the levels of circulating antibodies to cow's-milk proteins rise considerably (Gunther et al., 1962). In ulcerative colitis, in coeliac disease, and in idiopathic steatorrhoea the titre of circulating antibodies to various dietary proteins are often high (Taylor and Truelove, 1961 ; Taylor et al., 1961, 1964). So far as ulcerative colitis is concerned, early weaning from the breast was found to be twice as common in the subjects of this disease as in control subjects (Acheson and Truelove, 1961). There is the possibility that immunological stimulation by dietary proteins during infancy may set the stage for a variety of diseases in later life and that ulcerative colitis is one of them.


In this paper,the optimized design for bending type of U-shaped pieces was introduced.Based on the technical characteristics and checking and measuring requests of the U-shaped pieces,its shaping precision was reasonably estimated.Under a full consideration of spring-back behavior,the optimized design was performed on the die structure.Compared with the previous bending die,the optimized die possesses a simplified structure with cocked beads on the punch.Thus,due to the deformation coupling bending with upsetting,the stamping point shifts from the die to the punch.As a result,the post-deforming U-shaped pieces possessed an excellent shaping precision and fulfilled the quality requests.


Engineering predictions made by deterministic engineering models tend to differ from the observational data in practice due to the systematic errors and random errors,which may reduce the significance of prediction and control.In order to calibrate the Vibration Equation of a string with fixed ends and improve the prediction performance,Kriging model was employed to estimate the systematic errors and random errors using the observational data.Distinguished with the traditional method,the basis functions of Kriging model were designed to match with the impact mode of systematic errors caused by the external interference.The developed model was extended to the condition in which the analytical and numerical solutions to the Vibration Equation do not exist.The results of cross validation indicate that the developed model improves the prediction performance significantly.The developed model provides an effective method to control both the engineering designed value and systematic errors of the vibration process.


In the western tourism industry, how to face the challenges and opportunities brought by Information Technology and Internet Technology becomes a popular research topic. The study on the changes in western tourism industry and tourism players' respondence to that change is also very valuable for the development of Chinese tourism industry. By reviewing and analyzing a large amount of journals, books and corporation cases, the conclusion is that the tourism industry in western countries is facing the challenge from disintermediation and reintermedation and how the stakeholders in the tourism industry adjust their roles in the value chain is important to their survival.


Discuss extracting the contour of region with Visual C++. The first step is to clear burr of contour in threshed image, whose purpose is to prevent endless loop. The algorithm to extract the contour is put forward, and the detailed steps are given out, too. And the main program code in visual C++ is given out, too. This method is not only real-time, but also needs less memory. In this paper, detecting moving targets is used as example to prove this algorithm. At the end, experiment proves the good effect of the method.


The present invention relates to male underwear having a tightening separation region and, more particularly, to male underwear having a tightening separation region which makes a user feel comfortable and improves hygiene when the underwear is worn on the user because the scrotum and the penis are positioned in different regions. The male underwear having the tightening separation region includes: a body (11) worn on a waist part; a pair of wings (15a, 15b) worn on thigh parts; a separated accommodating part (12) separated by a separating strip (121) having a tensile strength relatively higher than that of the body (11); a tightening unit (122) separating the separated accommodating part (12) into two upper and lower regions; and a stretching limiting part (111) formed along an outer circumferential surface of the separated accommodating part (12).


S. Shahrokhi, Y. Wang, P. R. Anandan, Md Z. Rahaman, Dr. S. Singh, Dr. D. Wang, Dr. C. Cazorla, Prof. T. Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Science University of New South Wales Sydney 2052, Australia E-mail: email@example.com Dr. W. Gao, Prof. G. Yuan School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094, China E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Prof. J.-M. Liu Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093, China The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202000149.


Objective: To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of gambogenic acid (GNA) on human colonic carcinoma HCT116 cells, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism. Methods: MTT assay was performed to detect proliferation inhibition effect of GNA on HCT116 cells. After staining with DAPI, the pro-apoptotic effect of GNA on HCT116 cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The changes in cell cycle distribution of HCT116 cells induced by GNA were examined by FCM. The expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, P21, P27 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins in HCT116 cells were detected by Western blotting. Results: GNA exerted an significant inhibitory effect on HCT116 cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner, and it could induce the typical nuclear apoptotic morphology. Under a fluorescence microscope, DAPI staining results showed that GNA could obviously induce the apoptosis of HCT116 cells. FCM showed that GNA could significantly increase the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase, whereas obviously decrease the percentage of cells at S phase, which indicated that the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase. Western blotting analysis showed that GNA could efficiently down-regulate the expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E proteins, whereas up-regulate the expression levels of P21 and P27 proteins, and also promote the cleavage of PARP. Conclusion: GNA can induce the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by down-regulating the expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E, and up-regulating the expression levels of P21 and P27. Therefore, GNA can efficiently promote the cell proliferation inhibition and the apoptosis of HCT116 cells. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2011.07.002


We review the salient properties of subelliptic harmonic maps and morphisms, both from a domain in ℝ N endowed with a Hormander system and from a strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold. We also report on several generalizations of harmonic morphisms such as heat equation morphisms from a CR manifold and b-harmonic morphisms. We discuss subelliptic harmonic vector fields within pseudohermitian geometry.


Measurement of Incidence of Undernutrition Santi K Chakrabarti Manoj K Panda This paper discusses P V Sukhatme's approach to measurement of the incidence of undernutrition. While raising doubts about Sukhatme's criterion, the authors do not question his basic model of in- dividual calorie requirements. However, even after accepting the model together with Sukhatme's propositions about the distribution of different elements of intake as well as the joint distribution of intake and requirement, the authors argue for a cut-off line of calorie intake for measurement of poverty which is different from (mostly higher than) that advocated by Sukhatme.


The housing industry in Malaysia is regarded as one of the major industries contributing to the economic and social development of the country. The industry is regulated by several sets of rules and the imposition of regulations, guidelines and standards is to ensure that all categories of houses, inclusive of houses for the lower income group will be constructed according to the acceptable standard. Despite the existence of these regulatory measures, yet there are many problems faced by house-buyers in Malaysia. This has to be affiliated with the level of commitment of housing developers as well as the enforcement of the above rules and regulations by the respective authorities. One of the most common problems encountered by the Malaysian house buyers is the sub-standard construction of houses. There is a standard form of sale and purchase agreement (SPA) stipulated under the Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Regulations 1989 (HD Regulations 1989) but as far as the problem of sub-standard construction of houses is concerned, Malaysian house-buyers are not well protected. In general there is no benchmark in Malaysia to measure the standard of quality of houses constructed by developers. It is the aim of this article to look into some recent amendments to the legal provisions (and its loopholes) concerning the statutory duties imposed on the three


Despite pervasive changes brought about by the rise in export industries, relatively little is known about their broader effects. Recent literature on global production networks (GPNs) has both called for attention to be paid to labour and argued that there is a need to embed labour agency into GPNs. This paper argues that the type and extent of labour agency is not only shaped by institutional forms of organisation , but also by the livelihood choices and possibilities available to workers. Drawing on evidence from two villages in southern India which are both close to, and deeply affected by, a major textile industry cluster, the paper examines how the availability of non-agricultural work in the area has affected the livelihoods of those living in the region. Instead of focussing on labourers working within the export industry this paper principally looks at those indirectly affected by the GPN, particularly looking at changes to the livelihoods of agricultural labourers in the region around the cluster. The paper looks at three aspects of livelihoods: wages (and how wages in agriculture are affected by the availability of non-agricultural work); the nature of labour arrangements (and changes to how labourers are hired, and under what conditions); and thirdly, broader aspects of livelihoods that are important to the people involved (well-being, respect, value, status, and the quality of relationships). It argues that understanding these broader aspects of livelihood change – the indirect effects of a rise in labour intensive export industries – is central to how we conceptualise workers' agency and consider the wider impacts of GPNs. It is argued that workers' agency can only be understood with the framework of changing livelihoods.


In 1999, a small biotech company called Magainin Pharmaceuticals suffered a near-fatal blow when its greatest hope, a small antibacterial peptide for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, failed to obtain approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The agency rejected the compound, first discovered in the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, not on the grounds that it was unsafe or inefficient, but solely because it was no more effective than other antibiotics used to treat ulcers. For Michael Zasloff, discoverer of the peptide, and the then president of Magainin Pharmaceuticals, it was the end of an adventure into the ruthless world of biological entrepreneurship; he left the company and returned to an academic position at the University of Georgetown in Washington DC, USA. Speaking from his office as Dean for Research and Translational Science, he remarked "I still have a hole in my chest, and a great deal of sadness about what happened." This is understandable to any scientist who has made a significant discovery that has fallen on deaf ears. Zasloff's finding, a classic case of curiosity-driven research producing an exploitable result, goes back to his time carrying out basic research at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), where he worked with Xenopus oocytes. Noting that the frogs from which he gathered the oocytes did not develop infections despite being operated on with techniques that cause sepsis, Zasloff suspected that they produced a type of antibiotic. In 1987 he identified the substance, a short positively charged peptide with hydrophobic residues, and named it 'magainin' from the Hebrew word for 'shield'. Magainins, he theorized, worked by binding to the negatively charged membranes of bacterial cells, where they assembled to form transmembrane pores that 'bleed' the bacterium to death. Zasloff left the NIH, taking the magainins with him and founding the eponymous company to develop them into drug candidates. The final recombinant protein, produced in massive fermenters at Glaxo, now GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, UK), had "a dream profile with respect to resistance and spectrum" and seemed a


Employment is the focus of vocational education,in which professional skills and practical abilities play a key part.Practice teaching is an effective means to improve students' application skills in their field.This essay mainly discusses how to strengthen students' practical abilities by optimizing practice classes.


One of the most powerful features of modern smartphones is their ability to provide us with real-time, locationally aware information. For instance, if you enable the location services on your device, you can find out the approximate amount of time it would take for you to get to your desired destination using your smart phone after you offer the necessary data. The location services on mobile devices have provided us with a number of advantages and advancements but it has its own limitations. The user needs to input certain before they can get any relevant information on any given subject. Predictability is a tool provided to us with the advancement in technology and artificial intelligence. By processing the previously stored data, patterns can be observed in the behavior and a prediction model can be developed. Imagine the following situation. You hop in your car to head to the gym after work. You don't turn on your phone's navigation because you know the way, but there is an accident on your route and a lot of traffic. If your phone knows where you are going without you telling it, it could warn you before you start driving and help you reroute. If our smartphones could predict our destination by observing patterns in our previous behavior, they could give us more relevant information about the places we are heading to. The idea of someone having knowledge of your previous, current and future whereabouts may seem unnerving but if this data is processed on your individual devices without any secondary storage or data revelation, the entire concept becomes much more appealing. For our project we created a system that can predict a user's next location using their current and previous location with regards to time, learning only from that user's location history.


Photon tunneling of lasing emission from a dye-doped microspherical particle to an object was investigated by use of a microspectroscopy system combined with a laser manipulation technique. An emission spectrum drastically changed with approaching the lasing microsphere to a glass plate. The intensity ratio between resonant peaks exhibited exponential dependence on the sphere-object distance, whose decay constant agreed with the penetration depth of an evanescent field just outside of the microsphere. The variation in the spectral profile can be explained with the Mie scattering theory. Applicability of the lasing microsphere as a probe of a near-field scanning optical microscope is discussed.


The reason of vacuum breaker quenching pot vacuity reduction and the necessity of vacuity online monitoring are discussed. A vacuity online monitoring set for vacuum breaker quenching pot is developed according to electric-light transform theory and put into operation. The variation of electromagnetic field according to vacuity is changed to luminous flux variation, which is then transmitted via optical fiber to low electromagnetic field and measured by control system. The electric-light transform theory,set configuration and application results are introduced.


Cosolvents exhibit significant effects on the partitioning behavior of dilute solutes between a supercritical CO2 fluid phase and cross-linked siloxane-based polymers. A spectroscopic technique was developed and applied that allows us to measure the partition coefficients of both the cosolvents and solutes between the two phases. The Sanchez−Lacombe lattice fluid equation of state was extended to represent a two-phase, four-component system and was quantitatively successful in representing the volumetric and phase-equilibria properties of such systems. We then apply the model and our data to investigate the magnitudes of stationary-phase effects in supercritical fluid chromatography and explore opportunities to use the model for a priori prediction of separation.


A 50-yr-old woman presented with an 18-mth history of dyspnoea on effort. Clinical examination revealed no significant abnormality, but a chest X-ray showed diffuse interstitial lung disease with a reticular pattern. Pulmonary function tests demonstrated a combined obstructive and restrictive defect which was unresponsive to bronchodilators. At open biopsy of the left lung numerous emphysematous bullae were noted in the lingula and lower lobe. In addition to the appearances illustrated in Figs 1 and 2, the biopsy showed irregular emphysema and focal haemosiderosis.


In his paper the author deals with the Pannonian events of the civilian wars under Constantius II's reign against Vetranio and Magnentius in the years 350 and 351. Based on all written and epigraphic sources (especially Julian's and Libanius' orations and Zosimus' accounts), he intends to reconstruct the events and Magnentius' route in the province before and after the battle at Cibalae. All sources can be found in the Addendum in chronological order.


inclination, and wind exposure within an area of about 3 km 2 . Four automatic weather stations were located within the study area: one on level terrain and three across a ridge. Despite the good instrumentation the correlation between surface hoar growth and calculated sublimation rate was poor. Distinct spatial patterns of surface hoar growth were found. Surface hoar crystals were frequently larger at the ridge site than in the surroundings of the automatic weather station on level terrain. The variation in surface hoar formation was mainly due to different prevailing wind regimes during the formation periods. The surroundings of the automatic weather station on level terrain were under the influence of local katabatic winds that dried up the air so that growth conditions were locally less favorable. Our observations suggest that predicting surface hoar formation for complex alpine terrain on the basis of data from an automatic weather station, the standard procedure in avalanche forecasting, seems nearly impossible unless at least the local wind regime is known at high resolution (� 10 m). For both surface hoar formation and surface hoar destruction observations suggest wind conditions to be most crucial for spatial variation.


In this paper, a low-profile folded reflectarray (FRA) assembled by an anisotropic metasurface is proposed to generate high-efficiency and broadband orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves in the Ka band. In order to suppress the mutual coupling and increase the polarization conversion efficiency, a dual-polarization phase matching method (DPPMM) for helical wavefront construction is developed to achieve minimum phase compensation error in the orthogonal direction. A compact subwavelength anisotropic meta-atom with orthogonal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|\big | |$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shaped structure is designed to achieve flexible wavefront manipulation and high-resolution phase compensation for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-polarization incident waves. After the optimization design, nearly 100% cross-polarization conversion efficiency for the anisotropic metasurface can be achieved at the working frequency of 12 GHz. To validate the proposed design method, an OAM FRA with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$24\times24$ </tex-math></inline-formula> meta-atoms is fabricated and measured. The measurement results show that the aperture efficiency of the proposed FRA carried with the OAM mode <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l} = 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is significantly improved and reaches 20.2%. Moreover, the OAM bandwidth and 3-dB gain bandwidth reach 22.5% and 25%, respectively.


By analyzing the cause damage rainfall patterns in 2004 and historical years, we find that the long duration heavy rainfall pattern and long and short duration storm rainfall pattern are the main damage_causing rainfall patterns. Control of water logging and waterlogged disasters caused by the rainfall patterns has not been put on agenda of Sanjiang Plain engineering control, which is far behind the domestic and international level and developing stages of water logging and waterlogged disaster control. This article puts forward that we should construct new type conservancy which features precipitations drainage and storage for irrigation by taking new controlling countermeasures according to the domestic and international present developing level and direction and the natural and social characters on Sanjiang Plain.


Incursions of plant viral pathogens are a primary concern for horticulture as they can significantly impact crop yields and require expensive management. Early detection of plant viruses is critical for effective plant biosecurity because it enables growers to respond quickly and limit their spread. However, current surveillance methods relying on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and PCR testing of plant material can only operate at a limited scale. It quickly becomes unfeasible to test a large number of samples for area‐wide surveillance of multiple viruses and ineffective in novel virus discovery. Advances in high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) platforms have greatly improved our surveillance capability and its value demonstrated for screening plant material for viral pathogens. However, while HTS can improve detection, it does not necessarily address the issue of sampling effort needed to achieve early detection. The solution is to couple HTS with a method of constant surveillance and sampling from potentially infected plants. We propose that when managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives are brought to flowering crops to deliver essential pollination services, they can also provide valuable surveillance by effectively "sampling" entire crops as they collect pollen and nectar. Combining the ability of honey bees to create a representative sample from a large number of plants with the sensitivity of HTS offers a powerful system for early detection of plant viruses. We describe a novel approach to plant biosecurity where HTS virus detection in honey bees was found to provide earlier detection of plant virus incursions in Australia than current surveillance programmes. In 2013–2014, a national virus survey of honey bees was conducted, which used HTS screening of pooled honey bee samples across Australia. This HTS data simultaneously identified multiple plant viruses in these samples and showed the presence of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in several states of Australia before its subsequent detection from diseased plant material.