Presenting small chunks of interesting information to a target user from the large pool of information available on World Wide Web are the primary task of a recommender system. Memory based Collaborative Filtering generates recommendations based on preferences of those users whose past preferences are similar to the current preferences of the target user. These users collectively form the Nearest Neighbor Set (NN Set) of the target user. The better the selection of NN Set, the better is the generation of recommendations. In the proposed scheme, the user ratings (preferences) on the available items are divided into two levels. Level I consist of ratings on popular items and Level II consist of ratings on unpopular items. The proposed similarity measure, "TSimD(UX1,UX2)", between two users is based on weighted difference entropy. Modified memory based Collaborative Filtering calculates the proposed similarity measure at both the levels to improve the selection of users in the NN Set of the target user. It selects those users in the NN Set who are more similar to the target user with respect to items at Level II as compared to similarity between them with respect to items at Level I. The results on Movie Lens dataset depicted that the proposed similarity measure had higher accuracy than the Weighted Difference Entropy based similarity measure which worked on the entire preferences of the users. The proposed similarity measure was also compared with other similarity measures (like Cosine, Pearson Correlation, Spearman and Rating Frequency based Similarity Measure) which were also obtained at two levels.


Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) in cervical carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and its biological significance.Methods The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α in cervical carcinoma,CIN,non-cancerous tissues,normal cervical tissues and liquid-based cells were assayed by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR assay.Results The expression rates of HIF-1α protein were 64.1%(50/78),47.7%(21/44),11.1%(3/27)and 0(0/14) respectively in cervical carcinoma,CINⅡ~Ⅲ,CINⅠ,adjacent non-cancerous tissues and normal tissues.In cervical carcinoma tissue,there were significant correlations between HIF-1α expression and tumor size,FIGO stage,pathological grade and lymphonodus metastasis,but no significant correlation was found between HIF-1α expression and patients' ages.The levels of mRNA and protein in cervical carcinoma tissues and CINⅡ~Ⅲ were both higher than that in non-cancerous tissues,normal tissues and CINⅠ;In liquid based cells,the levels of mRNA and protein in cervical carcinoma and HSIL were higher than that in LSIL and normal cells.Conclusion The positive rates in cervical carcinoma and CINⅡ~Ⅲ are significantly higher than that in CINⅠ,non-cancerous cancerous and normal tissues.HIF-1α may be an early molecular event in cervical tumorigenesis and the over expression of it may significantly relate to the malignant development.So it may be a new parameter for the early diagnosis and used as a biological marker of cervical cancer.It is feasible to utilize liquid-based specimens to test index which has the feature of convenience,economic and easy-obtained.


This paper describes an application of high density polyethylene lining in remedying buried old gas pipeline, which is a new remedy technology that eliminates digging process of old pipelines. Its future in application is analyzed.


It is important for libraries to confront and successfully adapt for the future needs of users in a world which is continually and rapidly changing. The Australian Library and Information Association believes that Australian libraries are part of a worldwide network of libraries and that the future success of Australia's public library networks will be determined in part by the future successes, or failures, of public libraries on a global scale. In order to do the planning required, libraries in Australia and internationally are envisioning their future. This research analysed a range of forecasting reports in order to identify the themes and trends that are most likely to have an impact on how Australian public library services are offered, operated, funded and used into the future, a future which is in flux and uncertain. A range of published documents address the predicted future of libraries. These documents cover various time spans, from 2012 out to 2030, and vary in their predictions. The intent of this research project was to map the themes determined from the individual published documents in varying contexts (date span and geographic location) to produce an overview of convergence and divergence. The reports examined are not an exhaustive coverage of the literature that currently exists on the topic of the future of Australian public libraries, let alone the future of libraries generally on a global scale, but the results of the project indicate both agreement and disagreement, enabling a wider view than might be seen by individual organisations.


Considering the effects of self-excited vibration and forced vibration, based on semi-discretization method and Fourier expansions theory, the chatter stability limits and surface location error (SLE) are investigated. It is shown that the SLE is large at the spindle speeds where the ratio of the dominant frequency of the tool and the tooth passing frequency is an integer. And large stable depths of cut with a small SLE can still be attained close to the resonant spindle speeds by using the SLE diagrams associated with stability charts. The results are confirmed experimentally on a high-speed milling center.


The plasma discharge inside a Helicon Plasma Thruster (HPT) chamber is studied. A preliminary version of a novel two-dimensional asymmetric code under development for HPT is used for the analysis. The dynamics of the plasma is described with a hybrid approach: a particle-in-cell method for the heavy species and a fluid model for electrons. Regarding the plasma-wave interaction it is not simulated for now and a known map of the energy given to the plasma is assumed. Results such as electric potential, plasma density, neutral depletion, electron streamlines and so on from a simulation case are presented and discussed.


Urinary myoglobin (Mr = 16 500) is readily separated from hemoglobin (Mr = 64 000) by centrifugation through a microconcentrator membrane with a 30 000-Da cutoff. Myoglobin, but not hemoglobin, will pass through the membrane, after which each fraction may be separately analyzed by spectrophotometry. This technique is advantageous over direct spectrophotometry of urine because it is not restricted to analyzing the oxy forms of these hemoproteins and obviates the difficulty of discriminating small (3 nm) differences in their spectra. In addition, this method of separation is more complete than that attained by differential "salting out" with ammonium sulfate, and it is simpler than gel filtration or ultrafiltration under reduced pressure.


Summary form only given. The authors implemented World Wide Web (WWW) components in a variety of English courses to explore the opportunities offered by the Web, the instructional effectiveness of Web activities and the perceptions of students concerning technologically-enhanced courses. One of the presenters was the resource person on this project who did most of the design and coding of the web materials. The other presenter was one of the faculty members whose courses were put on the Web. We worked together to: 1. Discuss the purpose, content, and learning objectives of each course 2. Decide which aspects of the course can be supported by the Web and which are best delivered by more traditional means 3. Plan the Web pages, activities and assignments 4. Set up a template for course home pages, identifl resource materials, implement bulleting boards 5. Text Web materials with students 6. Evaluate the success of Web portion of each course.


Partners HealthCare, the largest healthcare provider in Massachusetts, has been criticised for spending an estimated $100m (£76m; €89m) to "rebrand" itself as Mass General Brigham.

The new title incorporates the names of Partners' two founding hospitals, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, which are affiliated with Harvard University as teaching and research centres.

Partners HealthCare currently has 75 000 employees, 1.5 million patients, more than $14bn in annual revenues, and $2bn in annual research funding. The non-profit group said in …


103 Dear Editor, We read the publication on "Evaluation of Inflammation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-tolymphocyte ratio (PLR) in restless legs syndrome (RLS)" with a great interest (1). Tak and Şengül (1) noted that "It can be assumed that hematologic parameters such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets are easily affected by various conditions, or may be due to the small number of patients. Identifying new bioindicators that will probably show systematic inflammation and neuro inflammation will clarify this issue in the future". We would like to share ideas on this report. First, we should discuss the usefulness and diagnostic properties of NLR and PLR for inflammation. For NLR, it is mentioned as a useful inflammation biomarker for chronic conditions (2). For PLR, it is usually used in malignancy where the inflammation is significantly overt (3). The interesting query is whether NLR and PLR are not useful for the monitoring of possible inflammation in RLS. The limitation of both NLR and PLR is mainly due to the basic interference for neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets in hematology tests, which are usually performed using hematology analyzer at present. Good hematology laboratory quality control is necessary to guarantee the good diagnostic property of NLR and PLR. In addition, although inflammation might be observed in RLS, not all cases of RLS have inflammation (4). In cases of non-inflammatory RLS, any biomarker including C-reactive protein and sedimentation rate, will also be useless.


Collaboration between teacher librarians and parents is one of the very important elements for school library management in characteristics of learning communities and expanding its` administration. These partnerships are necessary to relieve stress and risk conditions and improve ego-resilience of students. This study analyzed cases of student guidance within the partnerships between teacher librarians and parents and then inquired into formal or informal communication channels for their partnerships through written interview with 10 teacher librarians. The results of analyses teacher librarians have appreciated the necessity of collaboration with parents, and they have experienced student guidance, career guidance, reader`s advisory and balancing acts between classroom teachers and parents. It turns out that reading programs with parents are formal communication channel rather than institutional committee such as School Library Council and Parents` Library-Assisting Volunteers and Parent Association and Training in the school library are informal communication channels. The teacher librarians also provide periodic reading events and training for parents and they utilize the School Homepage and Educational Newsletters as the main ways of public relation. In order to promote students` ego-resilience through their collaboration, parents should involve in School Library Council as an essential way for formal communication. And parents` role in school library management should be expanded from offering helping hands to activities to read book, library instruction, assisting teacher librarians in the Library-Assisted Instruction and production of teaching mediums.


The present work demonstrates the drying kinetics of untreated carrot slices using photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar dryer assisted with Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC). The moisture content of carrot is reduced from 85% to 9.3% which is considered to be a safe level in 8 hours with the designed dryer. Open sun drying takes 14 hours to reach the equilibrium moisture content. The efficiency of the designed ETC assisted solar dryer (32.26%) in drying of carrot slices is much greater than open sun drying (24.04%). Nine developed mathematical models are applied to evaluate the drying kinetics of carrot slices for both ETC assisted hybrid solar dryer and open sun drying using IBM SPSS 23 package. Results show that Midilli et al model has high value of correlation coefficient (R2) and least value of reduced chi-square and root mean square error (RMSE) for the designed ETC dryer and sun drying showing the more suitability of fit for drying of carrot slices. It is also observed that the quality and appearance of the solar dried carrot slices using ETC aided hybrid solar dryer is more acceptable than the open sun dried carrots.


Afemale patient was diagnosed with Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy at 19 years of age, and treated with total thyroidectomy when she was 22 years old. Her ophthalmopathy improved but bilateral exophthalmoses remained. At 48 years of age, she developed bilateral periorbital swelling. She was started on glucocorticoid therapy with partial improvement. Thyroid function tests were normal, and neither antithyroid antibodies nor thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies were detected. An orbital computed tomography (Fig. 1) showed exophthalmia, enlargement of the medial and lateral recti muscles, and enlargement of both lachrymal glands. Biopsy revealed marginal zone non-Hodgkin B-cell, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (CD20 positive). Tumor staging also revealed involvement of the parotids and submaxillary glands. Chemotherapy using Rituximab-Chlorambucil led to a dramatic improvement of the lymphoma (Fig. 2). This case emphasizes the need to consider other causes of ophthalmopathy in the differential diagnosis of thyroid eye disease. The presence of palpable lachrymal glands is possible but is a nonspecific sign associated with soft tissue inflammation in Graves' ophthalmopathy (1). In this patient, her long duration of Graves' disease, the prior thyroidectomy, the lack of TSH receptor antibodies, and the marked enlargement of the lachrymal glands led us to suspect another cause for her symptoms. There have been a few published reports of primary thyroid MALT lymphoma associated with Graves' disease (2,3), but there is only one known case of the development of primary orbital MALT lymphoma in a patient with previous Graves' ophthalmopathy (4). Although we cannot consider this case as having a primary MALT lymphoma of the orbit, it emphasizes the possible relation between MALT lymphoma and Graves' disease.


Our so-called roundtables are rarely round: in order for an idea to go in a circle, in order for it to be listened to and heard, a change in mentality is clearly necessary because "it is not for us to predict how our word will be received." Therefore, at a "roundtable" each participant lives in his own circle, one he has drawn around himself.


THE BIRTH OF TERRITORY. By Stuart Elden. xi and 493; maps, ills., bibliog., index. Chicago, 111.: University of Chicago Press, 2013. $30.00 (paper), ISBN 9780226202570. Territory, commonly taken to mean a bordered land or area under the control of a sovereign state, is related to, and often intersects with, notions of place, space, landscape, homeland, sovereignty, or jurisdiction. Yet while we have numerous studies of these other terms exploring their meanings, practices, histories, and genealogies, the concept of territory is rarely subjected to comparable scrutiny. Instead, there is a clear tendency to accept territory as a given. When territory is discussed, it is often seen as the result of territoriality. In contrast with spatiality, for example, which is defined as the condition or character of space, territoriality tends to be conceived as a set of practices purposefully directed toward the production of territory. The result is that territory is largely relegated to a side effect rather than a distinct concept to be understood on its own terms. In The Birth of Territory, Stuart Elden argues that we need to approach the concept of territory directly, instead of working through territoriality, sovereignty, or other concepts. Such an approach positions territory "as a concept to be historically examined rather than simply differently ordered at different times.... The history of the concept provides the basis for the more radical claim that the term territory became the way used to describe a particular and historically limited set of practices and ideas about the relation between place and power" (p. 6-7). To begin, Elden offers a cursory review of research on territory and territoriality, covering what would generally be considered the seminal works in the field, including John Agnew, Jean Gottmann, and Robert Sack, among others. Political geographers will likely find most of this familiar ground, but Elden is effective in highlighting the imprecision, ambiguity, and inconsistency surrounding the usage of territory in recent scholarship, especially the tendency to reduce territory to territoriality. To avoid similar problems, Elden carefully distinguishes between land, terrain, and territory. Elden has developed these concepts fuller in earlier publications, so I will limit discussion here. Put succinctly and somewhat crudely, land is conceived as property, a political-economic resource to be utilized and exchanged. Terrain is land form and has military-strategic dimensions as the venue of action and the reward for victory. Elden draws upon land and terrain to conceptualize territory "as a distinctive mode of social/spatial organization, one that is historically and geographically limited and dependent, rather than a biological drive or social need" (p. to). For Elden, technology played a key role in shaping these modes of social/spatial organization. So much so that territory comes to encompass a set of political technologies and techniques used to measure land and control terrain. Yet as technological change is continual, the concept of "territory is not simply an object: the outcome of actions conducted toward it or some previously supposedly neutral area. Territory is itself a process, made and remade, shaped and shaping, active and reactive" (p. 17). Having set the parameters of the book, Elden proceeds to chart out a conceptual genealogy of territory, paired with attention to territorial practices and processes, in Western political thought from ancient Greece through the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. Covering such a range of times, languages, and cultures raises obvious difficulties of translation, interpretation, and comparison, as Elden readily admits. Even cases that initially appear rather straightforward usually entail complications. The Latin word territorium, for example, translates easily as territory, yet the Roman understanding and usage of the word was quite different from our modern understanding and usage. …


Objectve To investigate the effects of remifentanil and fentanyl on anesthetic induction by isoflur and MAC during endotracheal intubation.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ patients (age range:16~70yr),undergoing elective lower abdominal operation under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into three groups according to the methods of anesthetic induction.Group I:isoflurane was used for endotracheal intubation;group R:remifentanil combined with isoflurane was chosen for induction;group F:fentanyl combined with isoflurane was chosen for induction.The time for loss of consciousness,the incidence of cough and laryngospasm,MAP and HR as well as MAC of isoflurane during endotracheal intubation (MACEI 50 ) were recorded.Results In group R,loss of consciousness (2.3±0.3) min was significantly shorter than that in group I (5.2±0.8) min and group F(4.6±0.7) min (P0.01).The rapid increase of isoflurane concentration resulted in cough (60%),laryngospasm (52%),and significant increment of MAP and HR during induction in group I.On the contrary,cough and laryngospasm were rare,and MAP and HR remained stable in group R and group F.MACEI 50 was significantly reduced in group I from 1.9±0.3 to 0.8±0.2 MAC in group R,and to 1.2±0.2 MAC in group F (P0.05).There was no significant difference for MACEI 50 between group R and group F (P0.05).Conclusion The anesthetic induction by isoflurane combined with remifentanyl is faster,as compared with that of isoflurane combined with fentanyl;remifentanil and fentanyl can attenuate airway and cardiovascular response to isoflurane and produce a decrease in the MACEI 50 of isoflurane.


The mayneord contour projector (1) is a useful instrument in a variety of three-dimensional dosage problems. Such information as has been published concerning it deals only with symmetrical circular beams. A slight adaptation, which extends its application to rectangular fields and wedge filters, considerably increases its usefulness. Description Photographs of the apparatus are shown in Figure 1. I ts use with beams of circular cross section depends upon the fact that the isodose distribution is symmetrical about the central axis. Thus, distribution of radiation in any plane perpendicular to the axis will be in concentric circles, as shown in Figure 2. Doses in any plane other than the one through the axis might be determined if the intersection of this plane with the circles could be found. Intersections of such a plane, CCC'C', with three levels of isodose circles, are indicated in Figure 2. These points of intersection can be established with the contour projector. The movable steel pointer on the tri...


The use of the intoxicating cannabinoid delta‐8‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8‐THC) has grown rapidly over the last several years. There have been dozens of Δ8‐THC studies dating back over many decades, yet no review articles have comprehensively covered these findings. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological studies of Δ8‐THC, including receptor binding, cell signalling, in vivo cannabimimetic activity, clinical activity and pharmacokinetics. We give special focus to studies that directly compared Δ8‐THC to its more commonly studied isomer, Δ9‐THC. Overall, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Δ8‐THC and Δ9‐THC are very similar. Δ8‐THC is a partial agonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor and has cannabimimetic activity in both animals and humans. The reduced potency of Δ8‐THC in clinical studies compared with Δ9‐THC can be explained by weaker cannabinoid CB1 receptor affinity, although there are other plausible mechanisms that may contribute. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge of Δ8‐THC pharmacology where further studies are needed, particularly in humans.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between total quality management (TQM) and competitiveness. This study also examined the mediating effect of information technology on the relationship between TQM and competitiveness. The motivation for this study was driven by the inconsistent findings in the literature concerning the above relationships. To achieve this purpose, the study integrated the effect of TQM on competitiveness. Copies of Questionnaire were distributed to 254 bank officers in Port Harcourt, Rivers State and 157 indicating 62% response and 38% non response that were ready and usable for further analysis with the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was used to test the consistency of the items on the research instrument. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to test the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. The hypotheses concerning TQM dimensions (service design and continuous improvement) with measures of competitiveness (organizational excellence, and organizational performance) are statistically significant. Conclusion was also made based on the findings and the study recommended among others that banks are encourage to employ more staff i.e. cashiers to solve the problem of long queue in the banking hall. We are in cashless economy; banks should endeavour to make cash available in ATMs at all times.


This essay analyzes Benjamin's, Bloch's and Kracauer's reflections on detective literature and its relationship with new forms of life and socialization, which include, according to these authors, anonymity of one's neighbour, the rupture of the connection between human being and transcendence, the split between private and public life, etc. I try to show that these authors analyze many characteristics of this literary genre in the light of dissolution of communal life and the new social determinations which came up at the end of 18th century and beginning of the 19th century. I attempt to make visible the authors' contributions to the study of this genre and to show that Bloch's view of detective novel synthesizes and goes beyond Benjamin's and Kracauer's contributions. Last but not least, I suggest how the evolution of detective literature continues expressing existing conflicts, related to the representation of law and its application on the bodies. Furthermore, I show how, according to the thesis of Richard Hoggart, the transformation of this literary genre in a mass product takes away some of its critical power.


Imaging of cardiac perfusion with MR is a challenging area of research especially due to the motion of the heart and limited time of data acquisition. Compressed sensing is a popular signal estimation method recently adopted by researchers in MRI which can improve the spatial and/or temporal resolution of the acquired images by reducing the number of necessary samples for image reconstruction. This paper focuses on performance of temporal regularization with total variation and wavelets in compressed sensing. The impact of the choice of regularization parameters on the image quality and the temporal variation of intensity in region of interests (ROIs) are discussed. It is found that selecting the regularization parameter so as to optimize the quality of the reconstructed image sequence as a whole, leads to erroneous reconstruction of certain regions due to over regularization.


Information cocoons, a phenomenon of biased information obtaining and view reinforcement guided by user preferences, have been found in political communications in online social networks, but their existence in other platforms has not been proved. In the study, we identify and measure information cocoons in online professional networks to learn the industrial and geographical separation on career communication. Using the dataset of one million users in LinkedIn, we construct the network of professional information exchange by co-visit relations of profile pages. Evidences of information cocoons are found in the topological structure of the network. Furthermore, we gauge information cocoons by two main indicators of homophily and polarization. We define assortativity coefficient to quantify homophily and design a leaning parameter to test polarization in industry and locality. Node centrality is also used to explore the key factors affecting professional information exchange. Our results confirm the existence of information cocoons and the contribution of geographical relation to this effect in OPNs. The proposed method can be exploited to recognize and assess the presence of information cocoons quantitatively.


Reports of healthcare workers (HCWs) getting infected during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic are disturbing and tragic. The risk posed to HCWs especially anaesthesiologists during aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) is critical. Innovation of the aerosol box (AB) (made of acrylic or transparent polycarbonate sheet) may help to address this issue.[1] AB is a transparent plastic cube designed to cover a patient's head and has two circular ports through which the clinician's hands are passed to perform the airway procedure. It is a barrier device useful as an anti-splash or against direct cough from patient into the face of the proceduralist.[2] We conducted a survey from July 2020 to December 2020 to evaluate whether the AB really played a vital role in allaying anxiety of the anaesthesiologist regarding the risk of direct aerosol exposure or was it a hurdle in smooth working. The survey was distributed to experienced anaesthesiologists, who were routinely doing cases in general anaesthesia. After prior consent, we distributed the online survey to anaesthesiologists through their institutional emails, social media and WhatsApp messenger in our city. No data which could breech personal information was collected. They filled the questionnaire which enquired about their awareness, experiences, adventures and misadventures during induction and extubation with the AB [Table 1].


In the context of the Grand Unified MSSM, we investigate the fermion mass matrices at GUT scale. We note that from the experimental mass pattern the determinants of the Yukawa matrices at this scale can be unified with good precision. Taking the unification o determinants as an hypothesis, it gives two model independent predictions that in the MSSM turns out to determine an appropriate value for the product m_d m_s and tan(beta)~7-10 in the favored range. We then review a predictive model of SU(3) flavour in the context of supersymmetric SO(10) that nicely implements this mechanism, while explaining all fermion masses and mixings at 1 sigma level, including neutrino data.


Introduction: The cause of the double peak observed at submaximal stimulation of sensory nerves is unknown. The first peak is generated under the cathode and the second under the anode. The double peak is thought to arise from intradermal nerves or skin receptors, and in this study we tested this assumption. Methods: We studied the effect of different stimulus durations on anodal peak latency in volunteers. Biphasic anodal stimulation was used to investigate the latent additive effect of the trailing negative phase on the partial depolarization induced by the initial positive phase. We further tested the maximal amplitude of anode‐generated potentials to estimate the number of neural structures involved in their generation. Results: Increased stimulus duration caused anode‐generated potential delay. Biphasic stimulation increased anode‐generated amplitude 4‐fold compared with monophasic stimulation. The anode‐generated potential produced up to 85% of the supramaximal cathode‐generated amplitude. Conclusions: The results suggest that the double peak arises from anodal break excitation and not from intradermal nerves or receptors. Muscle Nerve 52: 103–106, 2015


It is an entity that you characterize for the presence of immune-complex (Ig G, IgM, C3, C4 C1q) in the subendothelial and glomerular basement membrane (GBM). This glomerulonephritis can manifest clinically like nephritic feature and/ or nephritic feature. The presage of this illness is ominous. This case is about a young man whose first clinical manifestation was edema and hypertension.


Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is one of the most appropriate techniques to investigate the atomic structure of carbon nanomaterials. However, the experimental identification of topological and nontopological modifications of the hexagonal network of sp(2) carbon nanostructures remains a great challenge. The goal of the present theoretical work is to predict the typical electronic features of a few defects that are likely to occur in sp(2) carbon nanostructures, such as atomic vacancy, divacancy, adatom, and Stone-Wales defect. The modifications induced by those defects in the electronic properties of the graphene sheet are investigated using first-principles calculations. In addition, computed constant-current STM images of these defects are calculated within a tight-binding approach in order to facilitate the interpretation of STM images of defected carbon nanostructures.


Preface The fifth Seminar Nasional Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika (SENATIK) was held by Mathematics Education Study Program, Universitas PGRI Semarang, Indonesia, in 2020. This seminar has objectives to improve mathematics teaching, to solve the mathematics problem, and to expand mathematics contribution to society. Freedom learning is a new policy of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia to improve the national education system that seems monotonous. Through freedom learning, it is expected that it can create happiness and a joyful learning atmosphere for both students and teachers. Learning activities will be effective if the learning atmosphere is enjoyable. By having a joyful learning environment and adequate learning facilities, students are expected to be able to construct knowledge and support in generating motivation to learn actively. Also, by giving freedom in carrying out learning through their learning will train and instill a democratic attitude for students and also shape students' creativity to explore their potential. As technology develops, teachers are expected to use technology for joyful learning. Through the integration of technology in the freedom of learning, it is expected that effective and efficient learning will be created. Therefore, teachers are required to be able to do innovative learning. In view of that, the Mathematics Education Study Program of Universitas PGRI Semarang invites researchers, practitioners, and educators to participate in and contribute to the fifth SENATIK 2020 under the theme "Freedom of Learning: Integration Technology in Mathematics Learning." The keynote presentations are provided to show the contribution of mathematics educators in mathematics education towards research and knowledge sharing. We have three keynote speakers, that's are Prof. Dr. Ratu Ilma Indra Putri, M.Si. (Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia). Dr. Irwan Endrayanto Aluiciues, S.Si., M.Sc. (Universitas Gajah Mada, Indonesia), and Dr. Achmad Buchori, M.Pd. (Universitas PGRI Semarang, Indonesia). We also have two speakers in the workshop session that are Dr. Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana (Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia) and Dr. Muhtarom (Universitas PGRI Semarang). On this seminar implementation, from one hundred and thirty-one full paper registers, there are sixty-nine presenters declared to be qualified. Our wish all the participants would enjoy the seminar, so they involve valuable and rewarding, and improve the knowledge and experiences. Publishing Team


Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a genetic heterogeneous disease with high mortality and poor prognosis. Hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) was found to be upregulated in fibroblasts from IPF patients, and overexpression of HYAL1 could prevent human fetal lung fibroblast proliferation. However, the genetic correlation between the HYAL1 and IPF or connective tissue diseases related interstitial lung disease (CTD‐ILD) has not been determined.


Microstrip patch antenna is a flat shape, light weight and low cost antenna that used to receive and transmit electromagnetic wave. This paper describes the design and development of a microstrip patch antenna for salinity and sugar detection. The microstrip antenna was designed and fabricated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio and Taconic TLY-5 substrate, respectively. This sensor is operate in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio band, i.e. 2.45GHz. Dimension and shape of the patch antenna as well as location of feed point is analyzed. There are three types of microstrip patch antennas are developed in this work, i.e. rectangular, circular and square patch microstrip antennas. These microstrip patch antennas were used to measure the salt and sugar content in water. In addition, reflection coefficient and Q-factor were discussed too in this paper. Different amount of salt or sugar that present in water will exhibit different dielectric properties, and in turn change its reflection coefficient and Qfactor. Index Term— microstrip patch antenna; sugar; salinity; reflection coefficient; dielectric properties; Q-factor.


We consider the problem of recovering signals from their power spectral densities. This is a classical problem referred to in literature as the phase retrieval problem, and is of paramount importance in many fields of applied sciences. In general, additional prior information about the signal is required to guarantee unique recovery as the mapping from signals to power spectral densities is not one-to-one. In this work, we assume that the underlying signals are sparse. Recently, semidefinite programming (SDP) based approaches were explored by various researchers. Simulations of these algorithms strongly suggest that signals upto O(n1/2- ϵ) sparsity can be recovered by this technique. In this work, we develop a tractable algorithm based on reweighted ℓ1-minimization that recovers a sparse signal from its power spectral density for significantly higher sparsities, which is unprecedented. We also discuss the limitations of the existing SDP algorithms and provide a combinatorial algorithm which requires significantly fewer "phaseless" measurements to guarantee recovery.


The total food industry systems concept is becoming more widely known, Management reads about it, and many have decided that the concept has some merit. But one of the numerous questions management has is: If our firm wanted to get started with this total food industry systems idea, what can we do as a firm? What are some concrete activities that our firm can get involved in to get this "systems thing" off the ground?


Females of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), mate preferentially with males previously exposed to the aroma of ginger root oil, which contains the known male attractant α-copaene, over non-exposed males. As males of certain insect species are capable of absorbing and metabolizing air-borne molecules, this study examined whether females gain fitness benefits through mating with ginger root oil-exposed males, who might transfer oil-derived compounds during mating. Four components of fitness—female fecundity, female longevity, egg hatch, and egg-to-pupal development—were measured in the laboratory for females mated to exposed and non-exposed males. Despite female preference for oil-exposed males, mating with such males did not result in elevated performance for any of the four parameters measured. The evolution of female mate choice in C. capitata is discussed in light of these findings.


Purpose. Futsal is a very dynamic indoor team sport. Like in soccer, futsal players perform a number of efforts of different intensity during a match. In each match there are a few return substitutions to allow players to have some rest. The aim of the study was to assess the intensity and energy expenditure of single efforts and the dynamics of restitution after the efforts during successive futsal matches. Methods. The study consisted in measuring the players' ( n = 11) heart rate (Hr) during four matches: A, B, c, D. The Hr measurement started during a pre-match warm-up and ended 5 min after the match. Results. The highest intensity of single efforts was noticed in match A. It equalled 90.22 ± 4.90% Hr max and it was the highest in comparison with other matches ( p < 0.05). The energy expenditure of efforts performed by players in the matches was 395.11 ± 118.70 kcal. The mean energy expenditure of a single effort was 16.33 ± 5.36 kcal/min. The highest energy expenditure was registered in match A, and it equalled 17.31 ± 4.71 kcal/min during a single effort on the pitch after a return substitution. Conclusions. The intensity was very high, much higher than that of players' efforts in 11-a-side soccer. It should be concluded that an appropriate reduction in the time players spend on the pitch during their successive efforts in one match and the consecutive tournament matches can result in reducing the decrease in the effort intensity.


A plan to coordinate global HIV vaccine research got a moral boost last week when the leaders of the world9s richest countries endorsed the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise at the G8 summit.


In one of their recent collaborative papers, Andrews and Paule continue their study of partition functions via MacMahon's Partition Analysis by considering partition functions associated with directed graphs which consist of chains of diamond shape. They prove a congruence related to one of these partition functions and conjecture a number of similar congruence results. In this note, we reprove this congruence by constructing an explicit way to group partitions. Then we keep the essence of the method and manage to apply it to a different kind of plane partitions to get more general results and several other congruences.


In this paper, we examine the effects of the YouTube recommendation algorithm on the distribution of ideologically-charged news content. For that purpose, we develop a research infrastructure and conduct a series of experiments using virtual agents (n=200) in a fully controlled environment. We specifically look at YouTube recommendations for videos related to the far-right terrorist attack in the German city of Halle in 2019 and examine how these recommendations differ depending on the type and political affiliation of videos watched by the agents. We find that YouTube recommendations are highly randomized that leads to fundamentally different recommendation trajectories under the condition of identical agent activity which was also synchronized to isolate the effect of time. We also find significant discrepancies in recommendations generated in browsers, with the recommendations for Firefox being slightly less randomized than those for Chrome. Finally, our observations suggest that the recommendations for the agents starting with right-leaning news videos are marginally more consistent than those for the mainstream and left-leaning videos.


ABSTRACT Research into human–animal relations in Spain has favored the footed bullfight as a case study for broader generalization. Conducted before the formalization of human–animal studies and in an academic milieu characterized by structuralist or binary approaches, such research has largely interpreted the footed bullfight as a cultural expression of the human–animal binary. In contrast, this paper considers post-binary ways of being human, animal and human–animal in Spain, using the mounted bullfight as an illustration. This approach is premised by considering the bullfight "longitudinally" as an ongoing and repeated performance and "laterally" as that which necessitates participation in a number of intersecting and related human–animal interactions. Alternative interpretations of three potential "binary thresholds" are offered, including the dismounting of the rider; the death of the bull and the survival of the bullfighter and the horse; and the bullfighter being carried out of the bullring on the shoulders of humans. These post-binary interpretations contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human–animal relations in the bullfight, Spain, and beyond. This paper emphasizes the limitations of any interpretation being able to adequately encompass the dynamic complexity of human–animal relations broadly.


The children should learn that the democratic nobility exists, and must exist if democracy is to produce the highest types of character; but that it will consist only of men and women of noble character, produced under democratic conditions by the combined influences of fine inherited qualities, careful education and rich experience. . . . They should learn that mere wealth has no passport to the democratic nobility, and that membership in it can be transmitted to children only through the transmission of the sound mental and moral qualities which are its sole warrant. This membership should be the rightful ambition of parents for their children, and of children for their future selves. Every person of the true quality, no matter what his station or vocation, is admitted of right to this simple democratic nobility, which home, church, and school unite in recruiting; and there are, consequently, more real nobles under the democratic form of government than under any other (Eliot, 1898, p. 418).


The legume field pea can be a valuable component of crop rotations to reduce cereal disease carryover and increase soil nitrogen. However, it is frequently affected by Ascochyta blight which reduces yield. Fungicides are used to control the impact of the disease with mixed success, but effective management relies on a combination of strategies. To determine the efficacy of management strategies for disease suppression, field trials were run investigating;  The interaction between time-of-sowing and fungicide treatment at three locations in Western Australia in 2016, with four fungicide treatments applied either once or twice after sowing.  The impact of using wheat stubble from the preceding crop to trellis the field peas, reducing crop lodging, and potentially disease spread. Results showed that time of sowing had a greater impact on yield than repeated application of fungicide. Stubble-trellising using the previous year's cereal stubble significantly reduced disease in the crop and increased yield.


SHVC standard is referred as the scalable extension of the high efficiency video coding HEVC standard. SHVC encoder adopts a quad-tree based structure allowing the use of block partitioning that fit better with the image characteristics. This technique may achieve a higher coding efficiency. However, it induces a significant computational complexity in the encoding process. In order to speed up the SHVC encoder an early depth partitioning determination algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is based on statistical observations and depends on the quantization parameter value as well as the frame type. The proposed method may achieve up to 17% time reduction for Enhancement layer processing (EL) with a tolerable loss in PSNR and a slight increase of the bit rate.


One of the many technology decisions facing the semiconductor industry for the 45 nm node (and beyond) is the selection of the best critical dimension (CD) metrology equipment to meet the needs of process equipment suppliers and semiconductor manufacturers. In an effort to address this need we fabricated advanced metrology structures using the Nanowriter e-beam writing tool at the Center for X-Ray Optics (CXRO) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The structures include lines and holes both in resist and etched into substrates. The smallest isolated CDs are 16 nm, while the smallest holes are less than 50nm. We used these samples to characterize a variety of metrology technologies. In this paper we discuss the capability of those technologies to measure structures having dimensions representative of the 45 nm and 32 nm nodes.


(E)-α-2,5-Dimethyl-3-furylethylidene(isopropylidene)succinic anhydride (I) was converted into a coloured polychrome (II) by exposure to UV light. Transient optical dichroism data have been obtained for II in poly(methyl methacrylate) at 50 °C that are consistent with the relaxation of I∥(t) and I⊥(t) that occurs via molecular motions of the photochromic molecules.


The paper's principal objective is to retrofit a typical Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) two-wheeler to a pure Electric bike. One of the pre-eminent causes of air pollution is the tailpipe effusions in ICE. Instead of discarding the existing ICE, transforming them to Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) will mitigate the initial cost and EVs' carbon footprint. Here, Bajaj Pulsar 220 was retrofitted with a 2KW BLDC motor & 72V / 60Ah Li-ion battery. Design alteration was executed to accommodate the new electric drivetrain without affecting the bike's structural stability. This paper shows the procedure involved in retrofitting a motorcycle. A regional drive cycle is introduced to understand the road conditions of India. Besides, reverse engineering-based powertrain modelling was used to analyze the power requirements for various drive cycles. The benefits of converting an ICE-based bike to an electric bike is also discussed towards the end.


A comparison of several different methods to estimate the sun direction vector using a partially underdetermined set of cosine-type coarse sun sensors is presented. These methods are used in conjunction with a control law to reorient a spacecraft to a power positive orientation. Coarse sun sensors are commonly used to perform coarse attitude determination and accurately point a spacecraft's solar arrays at the Sun. These sensors are attractive due to their relative inexpensiveness, small size, and reduced power consumption. This paper presents four methods for accurately solving for the sun direction vector with decreased sensor requirements, the first is a simple weighted average method, the second and third are variations on a combination of least squares and minimum norm criteria, and the final leverages an extended Kalman filter approach. All four methods are combined with a control law and shown through numerical simulation to be capable of reorienting the spacecraft from any initially unknown attitude to a power positive state in a matter of minutes. The extended Kalman filter method is shown to provide the most accurate estimate of the sun heading direction, but the weighted least squares minimum norm solution provides the fastest convergence when no angular velocity measurements are available.


The annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA experiment is a long standing question in the community of dark matter direct detection. This necessitates an independent verification for its origin using the same detection technique. The COSINE-100 experiment has been operating with 106~kg of low-background NaI(Tl) detectors providing interesting checks for the DAMA signal. However, due to higher background in the NaI(Tl) crystals used in COSINE-100 relative to those used for DAMA, it was difficult to reach final conclusions. Since the start of COSINE-100 data taking in 2016, we also have initiated a program to develop ultra-pure NaI(Tl) crystals for COSINE-200, the next phase of the experiment. The program includes efforts of raw powder purification, ultra-pure NaI(Tl) crystal growth, and detector assembly. With extensive research and development of NaI(Tl) crystal growth, we have successfully grown a few Tl-doped crystals with high radio-purity. A high light yield has been achieved with our detector assembly technique. Here we report the ultra-pure NaI(Tl) detector developments at the Institute for Basic Science, Korea. The technique developed here will be applied to the production of ultra-pure NaI(Tl) detectors for the COSINE-200 experiment.


Photocatalytic properties of nano-TiO2 doped with different substances such as N-Fe,N-Cu,N-Cd on artificial zeolite were studied by using sol-gel process under visible and ultraviolet light.Properties of these materials were characterized by FE-SEM and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy.Results showed that TiO2 doped with N-Fe was the best,and after 2h in the visible light,the degradation rate of methylene blue can reach 90%.Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) was used as template to make better catalyst morphology.Two template removal methods were analyzed,and it showed that removal of template by extraction was better than by calcined directly,that may be the high temperature damages the skeleton formed by template,and reduces the surface area,thus affects the photocatalytic properties.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: the holder is intended for use together with blocks containing a preliminarily filled bulb and a needle, having the near end and needle on its distant end; the holder has a hollow body, whose dimensions provide for placement in it of a block containing a bulb and a needle, means providing an axial shift of the body relative to the block containing the bulb and needle, and retaining of the block containing the bulb and needle inside the holder, and a cap for the near end of the body containing the bulb and needle; the block containing the bulb and needle can be set to the operating position by application of force or torque to the cap. In the preferable design version the cap is so made that traces of careless handling would be seen on it, and it is attached to the near end of the body. The holder decreases the probability of accidental pricks by needles for medical workers, and provides for simple and safe setting of the block containing the bulb and needle to the operating position. EFFECT: improved design.


Wafer curvature and cantilever bending techniques have been used by the electrochemical community to examine stress development during electrochemical processing. Surface stress changes as low as 10 N/m can typically be resolved from cantilever electrodes immersed in solution and under potential control. Such resolution makes this measurement useful for examining virtually all aspects of electrochemistry; i.e., electrocapillarity, adsorption processes, underpotential deposition, electrodeposition, battery reactions, and metal hydride formation. Often these processes occur either simultaneously or in rapid succession and we are often limited to measuring the influence of the dominant process in the time-scale of the experiment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a technique in which one measures the impedance of an electrochemical system over a range of frequencies, revealing information about the reaction mechanisms: different reaction steps will dominate at frequencies dictated by their relaxation times. Whereas traditional EIS determines the transfer function of the current in response to potential modulation, we are interested in determining the transfer function of the stress (as measured from cantilever curvature) to the same potential modulation. This will provide us with the time constants for the stress response that might enable us to directly link the stress to specific electrochemical phenomena.


Current consumer research focuses on possessions with one biography, or possessions with many biographies due to multiple owners. Findings uncover the presence of two biographies co-existing within one possession, a contractual mobile phone. Furthermore, this object is neither fully owned, nor rented temporarily, contrasting to existing literature. The research is phenomenological, with a combined methodology of a biographical letter written by participants, followed by a face-to-face interview. The sample included nine participants from the south of England, and explored their mobile phone experiences. From this data, this article explores the mobile phone's biography and the affect had on its biographical stage and network. This research found that a contractual mobile phone embodies the biography of the device and the biography of the digital content. Attachment to the device was ephemeral, however the digital content displayed ongoing singularization. From this, the relationships consumers have with mobile phones as valued possessions are identified.


The pulsatile flow of Bingham plastic fluids in a high Reynolds number region is studied experimentally. The fluid properties are measured with a modified capillary viscometer, whose capillary tube tip is immersed in the test fluid. An analysis based on the quasi-steady approximation is performed and the results are compared with the experimental ones. It is found in the range of the present study that : (1) the quasi-steady approximation is effective when the value of η (=√(ω*/Re3/4), ω* : square of Womersley number, Re : Reynolds number) is less than 0.3, (2) the measured time-averaged flow rate decreases compared with the one without the pulsation if the value of η is greater than 0.6 and this phenomenon can not be explained by the quasi-steady approximation.


The discovery of the SOST gene, whose protein product, sclerostin, is an osteocyte-derived inhibitor of Wnt signalling and bone formation, has provided a major advance in bone biology. It gives us new insights into the communicating networks among bone cells and, importantly, to new ways of restoring bone once it has been lost. In the current issue of JBMR, Kramer and colleagues complement their earlier demonstration that parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits sclerostin expression to show that the anabolic effect of PTH is blunted both in mice overexpressing sclerostin and in SOST null mice. PTH administered by daily injection is the only currently available anabolic therapy for bone. While a number of contributing pathways, including direct prodifferentiation and antiapoptotic actions on osteoblasts, as well as couplingrelated activity through the osteoclast, have been proposed, the full mechanism of action of anabolic PTH remains obscure. Another contributory mechanism was introduced by the discovery of sclerostin and its regulation by both PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) via a distal enhancer of the SOST gene. The experiments reported by Kramer and colleagues provide further evidence that sclerostin regulation may play a part in PTH anabolic action. Mice overexpressing sclerostin have less bone as a result of decreased bone-formation rate, as described previously. When these mice were treated with a high dose of PTH, sufficient to increase trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) in wild-type mice, no increase in trabecular bone volume was detected despite a robust reduction in sclerostin expression. It is worth noting that even though sclerostin mRNA levels are reduced by PTH in the transgenic model, total sclerostin expression after PTH treatment is still greater than in wild-type mice. This high level of sclerostin expression, the basal phenotype of a mild reduction in bone remodeling, or both impair the effect of PTH on BV/TV. Surprisingly, even though BV/ TV was not increased, all histomorphometric markers of bone formation, as well as the osteoclast surface, were substantially elevated by PTH treatment in the sclerostin transgenic mice to approximately the same extent as that observed in wild-type mice. Thus a question in the sclerostin transgenic model remains


ABSTRACT Turning modeling and simulation of different metallic materials using the commercially available Finite Element (FE) softwares is getting prime importance because of saving of time and money in comparison to the costly experiments. Mostly, the numerical analysis of machining process considers a purely isotropic behavior of metallic materials; however, the literature shows that the elastic crystal anisotropy is present in most of the 'so-called' isotropic materials. In the present work, the elastic anisotropy is incorporated in the FE simulations along with the effect of grain size. A modified Johnson-Cook ductile material model based on coupled plasticity and damage evolution has been proposed to model the cutting process. The simulation results were compared with experimental data on the turning process of Aluminum alloy (AA2024). It was found that the elastic anisotropy influences the average cutting force up to 5% as compared to the isotropic models while the effect of grain size was more pronounced up to 20%.


Capital-embodied technological change is incorporated into a real business cycle (RBC) model, and some macroeconomic implications associated with errors in measurement are identified. In the model, measuremente errors arise in part because quality change is difficult to observe, and in part because of unexpected obsolescence due to changes in ten=chnology. The artificial economy outlined in this paper performs well, in terms of its ability to explain stylized facts of business cycles, as identified by the statistician. In particular, the model predicts a negative correlation between hours worked and the average priduct of labor.


Objective:To investigate the impaction of Seretide(Fluticasone Propionate/ Salmeterol) on the lung function of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) of stabilization period.Methods:76 cases of patients with severe COPD of stabilization period were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,each of 38 cases.All patients were treated with reducing phlegm,relieving cough,asthma and other conventional treatment.Patients of the control group were treated with Ipratropium Bromide 20 μg and Salbutamol 100 μg on the basis of conventional treatment,patients of the treatment group were treated with Fluticasone 50 μg and Salmeterol 500 μg on the basis of conventional treatment.All patients were treated for 12 weeks.The changes of lung function of the two groups were compared after 12 weeks.Results:The blood gas analysis index(PaO2,PaCO2) and the lung function index(FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC) were compared before and after treatment between the two groups,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).After treatment the blood gas analysis index such as PaO2 [(73.02±7.14) mm Hg],PaCO2 [(39.21±3.87) mm Hg] and the lung function index such as FVC [(2.57±0.26) L],FEV1 [(1.91±0.19) L],FEV1/FVC [(74.62±7.39)%] of the treatment group were improved significantly than those of the control group [(65.92±6.48),(48.60±4.42) mm Hg,(2.34±0.27),(1.63±0.17)L,(69.51±6.71)%](P0.05).Conclusion:High doses Seretide can improve the lung function of patients with severe COPD of stabilization period effectively,it is worthy of clinical application.


Sound propagation in the Blume Capel model with quenched diluted single-ion anisotropy is investigated. The sound dispersion relation and an expression for the ultrasonic attenuation are derived with the aid of the method of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. A frequency-dependent dispersion minimum that is shifted to lower temperatures with rising frequency is observed in the ordered region. The thermal and sound frequency (ω) dependencies of the sound attenuation and effect of the Onsager rate coefficient are studied in low- and high-frequency regimes. The results showed that ωτ≪1 and ωτ≫1 are the conditions that describe low- and high-frequency regimes, where τ is the single relaxation time diverging in the vicinity of the critical temperature. In addition, assuming a linear coupling of sound wave with the order parameter fluctuations in the system and ε as the temperature distance from the critical point, we found that the sound attenuation follows the power laws α(ω,ε)~ω2ε-1 and α(ω,ε)~ω0ε1 in the low- and high-frequency regions, while ε→0. Finally, a comparison of the findings of this study with previous theoretical and experimental studies is presented and it is shown that a good agreement is found with our results.


A total of 208 full sibs were developed from each of two randomly mated populations of Pennisetum americanum using biparental mating. From these full sibs, selections were made for high and low yield. The ten highest yielding full sibs, the ten lowest yielding full sibs, their progenies and the base population of each of the two populations were evaluated for grain yield and six yield components. Compared to the base populations the ten highest yielding full sibs gave higher yield, reduced height and earlier flowering, although these differences were not maintained in the next generation. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with all the yield components in all the full sibs and progenies and in both base populations. In the ten highest yielding full sibs only, height was negatively correlated with grain yield


Mass spectrometric analyses of glycoconjugates are most commonly performed by fast atom bombardment (FAB) or liquid matrix-assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). However, more recent ionization methods, such as electrospray (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD), have made mass spectrometric analyses applicable to even larger, thermally labile biomolecules. ESI often produces multiply-charged ions, and a molecular weight is obtained by the deconvolution of those multiply-charged ions. On the other hand, MALD may produce intact molecular ions up to half a million daltons. Combination of high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) is often a strategy of choice for biological samples in which contamination of other chemical species is usually unavoidable. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with collision-induced dissociation (CID) often provides structural information for unknown sample molecules. In particular, charge-remote fragmentation applying a high-energy collision sometimes gives detailed information about the locations of unsaturation and branchings of metal-cationated molecules.


Approaches to automated profile formation for object of research and educational activity in the information system of the University are presented. The approaches under consideration allows to increase the quality of the sampling used as a base for recommendations system for users of the information system for selection of research manager or a student, research activity, grants, papers, and periodicals for publication of scientific results.


Cellulose nanocrystals(CNC) were prepared by FeCl3-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose. The effects of temperature, reaction time, the content of FeCl3and ultrasonic time on the yield of CNC were analyzed. The results show that at the temperature of 110℃, with reaction time of 60 min, 10% FeCl3, and ultrasonic time of 180 min, the yield of CNC reached 22%. The structural, morphological, spectroscopic and crystal properties of CNC and the charges of charged particles dispersed in the liquid phase were investigated using fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Zetasizer. The TEM image shows that CNC are rod-like with the diameter of 20-50 nm, the length of 200-300 nm. XRD spectra shows that CNC are celluloseⅠ with crystallinity of 76.2%. Zeta potential text shows that CNC are well dispersed in water. This catalyst system is environmentally friendly, with mild reaction conditions and simple operations. The obtained CNC have a network structure, which benefits their application in composites.


In many engineering applications, the dynamic optimization problems with Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) or Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) constraints are encountered frequently. These types of problems are solved difficultly because of the characteristic of their nonlinear, multidimensional and multimodal. In this paper, a novel hybrid Differential Evolution (DE) and Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) is proposed for the dynamic optimization problems. A novel hybrid scheme based on DE and EDA (DEEDA) is designed to generate the offspring population. Using the DE-EDA, the population can reach a promising area in which the optimal solution is located speedily. A modified mutation scheme is proposed which can increase the diversity of the population. In addition, the modeling and sampling scheme based on empirical Copula is used to improve the speed of modeling and sampling. Eight optimal control optimization problems and one parameter estimation problem are tested to measure the performance of the algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective.


To the Editor: Reporting effective management strategies for uncommon conditions is always a challenge. We congratulate Akinduro et al1 and their team for their multicenter study in which the authors present the success by using Pipeline embolization device (PED) for extracranial internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysms. The PED (Medtronic Neurovascular, Dublin, Ireland) is a device that is useful as first-line treatment for selected intracranial aneurysms.2 Though initially approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for aneurysms located between the petrous and the superior hypophyseal segments of internal carotid artery, they have been used beyond conventional indications by many endovascular experts.2-5 The extracranial external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm is an injury caused by the formation of an encapsulated paravascular hematoma that has no contact with blood circulation. Importantly, some authors suggest that the carotid pseudoaneurysm anatomically includes the common carotid.5 This series of cases, although small, opens the range of possibilities for patients with extracranial internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysms. The importance of the study lies in the fact that even though retrospective, multicenter data have been collected and evaluated for efficacy of PED in extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms. Training of neurosurgeons shall include such endovascular interventions and supported by consensus guideline regarding patient selection and anticoagulation protocol standardization shall further improve the outcomes of these uncommon lesions. We believe that endovascular strategies for this type of lesions with flow diverters shall be considered in all patients presenting with extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms. Funding


Pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the most widely used nuclear fission reactor, and the renaissance of fission energy industry needs the safe, stable and efficient operation of PWRs. Power-level control technique which strengthens the closed-loop stability and dynamic performance is meaningful to build a strong operation strategy for PWRs. In this paper, after extending the shifted-ectropy of thermodynamic systems to that of transport systems, a proportional-differential (PD) power-level controller is proposed for PWRs based on the physically-based approach. A sufficient condition for this PD controller to provide the globally asymptotic stability of those reactor state variables is established. Numerical simulation results not only verify the correctness of the theoretic results but also illustrate the relationship between the control performance and controller parameters. The meaning of this result is giving a theoretic explanation to why the simple PD control is effective for PWR power-level regulation practically.


An element in a ring R is called uniquely weakly nil-clean if it can be uniquely written as the sum or difference of a nilpotent element and an idempotent. The structure of rings in which every zero-divisor is uniquely weakly nil-clean is completely determined. We prove that every zero-divisor in a ring R is uniquely weakly nil-clean if and only if R is a D-ring, or R is abelian, periodic, and R/J(R) is isomorphic to a field F , Z3 ⊕ Z3, Z3 ⊕ B where B is Boolean, or a Boolean ring. As a specific case, rings in which every zero-divisor a or −a is a nilpotent or an idempotent are characterized. Furthermore, we prove that every zero-divisor in a ring R can be uniquely written as the sum of a nilpotent element and an idempotent if and only if R is a D-ring, or R is abelian, periodic and R/J(R) is Boolean.


【Objective】 To study the effect of muramyl acylating dipeptide(MDP) on the COX-2/PGE2 expression in oral cancer cells Tca8113.【Methods】 NOD2 and COX-2 expressions in oral cancer cells were detected by RT-PCR.The COX-2 mRNA expression,cell proliferation,tumor cell secretion of PGE2 and cell chemotaxis in Tca8113 cells after stimulated by MDP and/or NS-398 were evaluated by RT-qPCR,CCK-8,ELISA and cell chemotaxis assay,respectively.【Results】 NOD2 and COX-2 mRNA could be detected in Tca8113 cells.When compared with the control group,a significant enhancement in COX-2 expression was observed in the MDP group at different concentrations.The PGE2 secretion,cell proliferation and cell chemotaxis in the MDP group were also significantly increased(P 0.05).When compared with the MDP group,significant decreases in the PGE2 secretion,cell proliferation and cell chemotaxis were observed in the MDP plus NS-398 group(P 0.05).Moreover,the cell proliferation rather than PGE2 secretion and chemotaxis in the MDP plus NS-398 group were still significantly increased when compared with that in the NS-398 group(P 0.05).【Conclusion】 MDP can increase the proliferation and chemotaxis of oral cancer cells.The upregulated COX-2/PGE2 expression is one of the mechanisms.


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The level of expression of genes of transcription factors (GATA-3, TBX21, IL-2PG), and changing  of oxidative processes in ischemic stroke were studied. It was found that activation of Th2 cells (increase in the expression of transcription factor GATA-3) is observed in stroke,   and suppression of Th1 cells (a decrease in the expression of IL-2 and its receptors, as well as the TBX21 gene).  Increasing the expression of transcription factor GATA-3 in stroke patients underlies the increase in production in these patients of Th2-cytokines.     A comparative analysis of protein oxidation in blood plasma revealed an increase in the intensity of oxidative modification of proteins in stroke patients.   Investigation of glutathione content, activity of glutathione peroxidase enzymes, glutathione reductase in erythrocytes in stroke revealed a decrease in the content of glutathione and glutathione reductase and an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase. The findings may be useful for a better understanding of the mechanisms of stroke.


A simple methodology is described – the multi-turbine power curve approach – a methodology to generate a qualified estimate of the time series of the aggregated power generation from planned wind turbine units distributed in an area where limited wind time series are available. This is often the situation in a planning phase where you want to simulate planned expansions in a power system with wind power. The methodology is described in a stepby-step guideline.


Abstract Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and hydrogeochemical studies have been integrated to measure ground conductivity and also determine the concentration of leachate derived contaminants in the groundwater around Abeku dumpsite in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Ten (10) VLFEM profiles were occupied within and around the dumpsite fence. Water sample from wells were also analyzed to determine the concentration of pollutants in the study area. Qualitative interpretations of VLF-EM results indicate relatively high ground conductivity within the dumpsite, which decreases away from the actual waste dump phase of the dumpsite. Ground conductivity is relatively higher in the south and east of the dumpsite which are located downhill of the groundwater hydrostatic head when compared with the north and west of the study area situated uphill of hydraulic gradient. Hydrogeochemical analyses present NO3−, SO42− and PO42− ions concentration in the range of 9.24 – 13.64 mg/L, 3 – 12 mg/L and 0.33 – 1.07 mg/L respectively. The SO42− and PO42− ions concentrations are within permissible limits, while the NO3− ion concentration is slightly above the Federal Ministry of Environment's standard for potable water in Nigeria.


The engineering syndrome takes us technologically to a point that is faster, farther, higher or deeper than ever before. Unfortunately, the human component gets lost in the equation. Humans have several limitations which are not clearly recognized by weapon system program managers, and thus the people component receives only limited consideration during the system design process.

A weapon system is the sum of hardware and manpower. Without trained and qualified operators and maintainers, systems will not fulfill their designated mission. This is the essence of the HARDMAN Program, an acronym which means military manpower/hardware integration. OpNav Instruction 5311.7 of 12 August 1985 directs that all weapon and total ship developers conduct front end manpower and training analysis at the conceptual stage of Navy acquisitions. The rationale for focus on the earliest phase is because this is where the greatest commitment of personnel resources is made when one considers the life cycle spectrum.

In the past, equipment design determined manpower and training requirements rather than being considered as a part of an interactive procedure in which manpower and training requirements were viewed as a component of the system and thus integrated with the design requirements. To complicate things even further, supportability of human resource requirements was not often addressed before the program decisions concerning new hardware procurements were made.

A favorable endorsement of the HARDMAN Program will improve the management and control of limited Navy personnel management resource requirements growth in terms of affordability and availability during all phases of weapon system acquisition and development and will improve the weapon system product.


The pseudopotential with respect to free electrons has been calculated for a series of chemical substances. These potentials are different for carcinogenic, mutagenic-carcinogenic, and mutagenic substances thus allowing the theoretical prediction of their biological activity. The reaction mechanism is discussed on the basis of the interaction potential.


A strong link exists between iron oxides and soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the role of iron oxides in the preservation of SOC in agricultural soil remains poorly understood. In this study we comprehensively examined the concentration, molecular composition and biological sources of iron oxide-bound organic carbon (Fe-bound OC) in arable soils collected from 12 sites in central and east China. The effect of elevated temperatures on Fe-bound OC in two contrasting soils was also investigated. The results indicated that 6.2 ~ 31.2% of the SOC was bound to iron oxides in agricultural soil, and that the binding mechanisms varied from adsorption in most soils to coprecipitation in those with a large content of organic carbon. The distribution of Fe-bound OC showed no clear variation in relation to site, but Fe-bound OC reached a peak in soils with an annual mean temperature of 16.4°C. Correlation analysis demonstrated that TOC might be the main determinant for the amount of Fe-bound OC, and that the binding mechanism is influenced by both TOC and the active Fe ratio. Analysis of C/N, 13C isotope, and synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectroscopy showed that iron oxides selectively protected plant-derived aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides in agricultural soil. Warming decreased the content of Fe-bound OC from 3.46 g kg−1 to 1.99 g kg−1 in Ultisol, while enhanced that from 4.04 g kg−1 to 5.12 g kg−1 in Histosol. NMR results suggested that warming could alter the composition of soil organic matter by accelerating O-alkyl C degradation and increasing the sequestration of recalcitrant alkyl C and carboxyl C. It is supposed that warming promoted the association of iron oxides with microbial-derived polysaccharides and aliphatic compounds. This study revealed the quantitative characterization, biological sources and molecular composition of Fe-bound OC in arable soils, which provides useful information for evaluating and managing the global C cycle under the framework of climate change.


We prove an extension of the Stein-Weiss weighted estimates for fractional integrals, in the context of Lp spaces with different integrability properties in the radial and the angular direction. In this way, the classical estimates can be unified with their improved radial versions. A number of consequences are obtained: in particular we deduce precised versions of weighted Sobolev embeddings, Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg estimates, and Strichartz estimates for the wave equation, which extend the radial improvements to the case of arbitrary functions. Then we apply this technology in order to give new a priori assumptions on weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation so as to be able to conclude that they are smooth. The regularity criteria are given in terms of mixed radial-angular weighted Lebesgue space norms.


Since 2007, limnological investigation of terrestrial lakes has
been carried out at James Ross Island, Antarctica. The lakes in
scope differ in their size, origin, geomorphological and
hydrological characteristics. In several selected lakes,
dissolved oxygen is measured repeatedly each summer season in
order to quantify lake- and weather-related differences. For
this study, typical reresentatives of (i) coastal shalow lakes,
and (ii) high-altitude lakes with cyanobacterial mats were
chosen. We present data on dissolved oxygen measured in 3 d
interval during January 2010. Within this time, water
temperature decreased gradually from 13 to 3 degC, as well as
dissolved oxygen concentration. It varied within in the range
of 12.50-18.0 mg l-1 indicating the values close to saturation
and suprasaturation, respectively. Dissolved oxygen
concentration showed slightly decreasing trend in a course of
time. In majority of cases, the lakes with rich cyanobacterial
flora showed higher dissolved oxygen concentrations than
Lachman Lake 2 which posses less cyanobacterial mats than other
the lakes involved into the study. Due to air temperature
decrease, Dulanek lake, a high-altitude lake, froze in the last
week of January 2010.


The effects of a prolonged oral administration of methylthiouracil was studied on the electrophoretically - separated serum protein fractions in 24 dogs. Though the statistical mean of changes in serum albumin and alpha2 globulin were highly significant but the individual alterations were not consistent and therefore on the basis of the available data there does not seem to be a characteristic electrophoretic pattern in the experimentally produced hypothyroidism in the dog. This finding is in agreement with the clinical electrophoretic pattern reported in the human spontaneous hypothyroidism.


Objectives: Primary objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in predicting the need for surfactant therapy in preterm neonates ( < 34 weeks) with respiratory distress. Secondary objectives were to correlate LUS with corresponding oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SpO2/FiO2), arterial/Alveolar oxygen pressure ratio (a/A]and chest x-ray (CXR) findings. Working hypothesis: LUS reflects lung aeration and will correlate with requirement of surfactant in preterm neonates with respiratory distress. It can be an accurate and timely predictor for surfactant therapy. Study design: Prospective observational study carried out at a tertiary level NICU in Western India in 2022 enrolling 100 neonates < 34 weeks gestation with respiratory distress. Methodology: After initial stabilization of the neonate, LUS was performed and baseline parameters noted. Surfactant was administered as per 2019 European guidelines and LUS was repeated after 6 hours. Results: The mean gestation of enrolled neonates was 31.06 +/- 2.12 weeks and the mean birthweight was 1412 +/- 391 g. Out of 100 neonates, 40 required surfactant therapy. The cutoff LUS for surfactant therapy was 7 (area under curve [AUC] 0.977; 95% CI, 0.947-1; P < 0.001; with sensitivity 93.33%, specificity 92.5%, PPV 94.92%, NPV 90.24%) and the cutoff LUS for second dose of surfactant was 10 (AUC 0.964; 95% CI, 0.913-1; P < 0.001. The score decreased by an average 3.24 (2.44 - 4.05) after 6 hours of first dose and correlated significantly with SpO2/FiO2 ratio (-0.750), a/A ratio (-0.650) and CXR findings (0.801). Conclusion: LUS [?] 7 can be considered an accurate marker for surfactant replacement therapy.


This chapter embraces the reasons for thinking that children have children's rights but suggests that these aims are currently better achieved through a duty-based approach to legal decision-making affecting children. I start from the viewpoint that these various approaches of children's rights, welfare, and duties owed to children should be seen as simply tools – language descriptors, ways of framing individual considerations, processes, and frameworks – for working with the same substantive content. Which approach we prefer or emphasise should depend on how well it guides decision-makers towards decisions that lead to or make more likely better outcomes for affected children. After briefly outlining why current conceptions of children's rights cannot meet this test, I explain why a welfare or "best interests" approach is no more able to satisfy this objective than can the alternatives. The remainder of the chapter is focused on exploring the potential of a duty-based approach. I argue that duty can have three roles: as a tool to give specificity and resolve conflicts in current rights- and welfare-based decision-making; as a theoretical framework of itself, focused on the decision-maker; and as the basis for anchoring a virtue-led view of the aim for legal decision-making affecting children – to enable children to flourish on their own terms. I conclude by exploring the practical implications of a duty-based argument and discuss two key examples, namely the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of the Child and private law disputes concerning children.


Once upon a time there were two islands. One was called Stochasia. Its citizens were well cultured and they had achieved high development in a system of mathematics for random processes. The other island was called Operatia. Its citizens were well cultured and they had achieved high development in a system for experimentation with nondeterminate phenomena. Both civilizations were closed societies. Neither knew of the other's existence, and it had been so since the beginning of time. Neither would <u>ever</u> have known, had it not been for the events I will describe shortly.


During recent years, more and more multimedia applications have changed from style of playing to style of content- based access or retrieval and interaction. Rapid transaction of video-media by Internet is one of the basic problems. The content of video is most rich and it's style is most multiplex, more and more people like this media. But videos are linear and the data of them is huge. Now the speed of media is increasing rapidly, but band of Internet is limited. So how to find a method to retrieve some interested segments is the most important thing. This paper probes on the video construction and contend based analysis which assist video analysis. Work over technology of video Summarization. Study other algorithm and analysis the feature and technology of them, we propose our own method, which make best use of multimedia fusing analysis method. We propose a judgment model to testify video content. We create video Summarization by our method fully use of video construct information, artificial text and length of shot.A video Summarization creating demo-system is proposed.


Recently, local governments and suicide prevention centers have been trying to implement psychological autopsy. This effort has focused on adult suicide so far ; however, there are some difficulties in its application to adolescent suicide. Therefore, in this study, psychological autopsy studies of Korea were reviewed, and a methodology for adolescents` psychological autopsy was suggested. For the effective performance of the psychological autopsy in adolescent suicide, cooperation with each area of the government and implementation of bodies is necessary. In addition, the central system, which disseminates the standardized interview to the community and manages the data nationwide, should be prepared. Also, in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and to obtain various types of information, a structured interview should be adopted as the psychological autopsy, as well as considering the use of social media. Investigation of specific risk factors for adolescent suicide through psychological autopsy can enable determination of the intervention point for effective suicide prevention.


Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to review the literature on strategic management in Africa with special emphasis on how strategy constructs have been measured and present a roadmap to help improve strategy research in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
A content analysis of empirical research on strategic management published in journals using data from Africa from 2000 to 2013 is conducted to examine construct measurement practices.

Findings
The findings indicate that the average sample sizes in strategy research in Africa is not large as strategy research in general, and have low statistical power. While the studies rely heavily on single-indicator measures, there were also several studies using scale or multiple measures that report reliabilities.

Research limitations
Limitations of the research include small number of studies used, inability to examine journal effects' of the findings due to few numbers of papers from many of the journals, and lack of examination of the influence of the context and topical areas of the articles on the use of the construct measurement techniques.

Practical implications
The study provides information about the use of construct measurement techniques and power analysis in strategy research in Africa. It further encourages the use of larger sample sizes, the examination of power, and more focus on variables which allow the assessment of reliabilities and validity.

Originality and value
Little is known about construct measurement practices of the empirical research in and about Africa in the discipline of strategic management. This chapter builds on extant research on construct measurement issues in strategic management research, but with the unique value-added contribution of focusing on the African environment where the discipline is beginning to take hold.


The workshop is intended for CS educators who would like to get an overview of some of the major techniques used in bioinformatics and a hands-on experience with some of its most popular algorithms. Attendees will be exposed to topics, examples, and problems that can be added to their repertoire of projects for CS1/CS2, data structures and algorithms, and other CS courses, including bioinformatics. No prior knowledge of biology is needed. Whether in an elective bioinformatics course, or in introductory or data structures and algorithm classes, the attendees will be able to incorporate the topics presented in the workshop. We consider interdisciplinary problems drawn from the field of biology. After formulating them as computational problems, we use traditional algorithmic techniques to solve them. The workshop may also be appropriate for high school teachers who want to use bioinformatics as a domain for their programming assignments. All material, including lecture notes, sample programs, hands-on exercises, and links to visualization packages, will be available to the attendees, before the workshop, through our university/s web page. The hands-on exercises using online publicly available tools will enhance the understanding of the common bioinformatics tasks.


The GPS/INS (global positioning system/Inertial Navigation System) avionics and software integration approach used for the standoff land attack missile (SLAM) is described in detail, along with some of the design tradeoffs that led to this approach. The unique SLAM GPS/INS avionics configuration integrates the existing Harpoon midcourse guidance unit, which includes a strapdown inertial sensor package and digital processor, with a Rockwell-Collins single-channel, sequential GPS receiver processor unit (RPU), a derivative of the GPS phase III user equipment. In addition to the GPS receiver elements, the RPU contains the navigation processor which executes the SLAM navigation and Kalman filter algorithms and other guidance algorithms including seeker pointing. Flight test results of the SLAM GPS-aided INS are also included.<<ETX>>


Thank you for giving me this opportunity to reply to Doctor Kugel's letter in criticism of our paper, "Pneumoencephalograms and Clinical Behavior." I, too, feel that it is high time pediatricians should know the nature of "developmental testing" and what its potentialities and limitations are. Although it is not possible to present all of the evidence in a letter, I welcome this opportunity to correct some false impressions.
 Before proceeding to some comments on the validity of infant evaluations, it is necessary to point out that such a discussion is not directly pertinent to the article under consideration. Since the developmental examination was often done several years after the pneumoencephalogram, the mean age of the children at the time of the clinical examination was 22 months, no longer infants, and there was no age difference between the normal and abnormal groups.


2Municipality of Irig, Irig, Serbia. 3 Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia. Accepted 16 May, 2011 In a society based on knowledge, human potential becomes the most significant factor in the creation of competitive advantage. In order to remain competitive, the companies need to possess, build and maintain human resources that become rare, indispensable and difficult to be copied. Therefore, in recent years, the interest in the field of human resource management (HRM) is increasing. This study is an attempt to investigate to what extent are the public services in Serbia, as one of the transitional countries, ready for a successful application of HRM, in order to satisfy users' needs as better as possible. The basis of the research were the employees in public services in the territory of Srem, one of the regions in Serbia. Basic assumption was that there is a significant correlation between the type of organizational design and success of HRM application in public services and this study has proven it. Research and analysis of the results obtained have indicated that present centralized organizational structure and high hierarchical management of public services do not represent a suitable basis for successful realization of HRM, and at the same time, the relevant factors that have negative impact of HRM success were identified.


This chapter provides a summary of the most important venues in New York where musicians have performed danzón, rhumba/son, mambo, chachachá, and pachanga. Aside the Palladium, other venues operating in the 1950s and '60s are examined in terms of the types of Latin music played in them, documenting the experiences of performers of Cuban dance music in The Bronx, Spanish Harlem, downtown Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Catskills resort venues. The usual narrative of the Palladium as 'home of the mambo' is not negated but the narrative is expanded so that the relationships between the various performance scenes can be evaluated more fully. In the latter part of this chapter the history of the dance hall from 1947 to 1966 is examined in terms of the mambo big bands, conjuntos, and charanga bands that performed there, drawing on the perspectives of musicians who experienced live performances there.