It has been shown that carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion in the small intestine but fermentable in the caecum and colon (prebiotics) may be adverse to Oesophagostomum detatum establishment in pigs and have a severe negative effect on egg production. However, there is some evidence that O.dentatum may adapt to the presence of chicory in the feed over time, and is Thus very relevant to examine the long-term effect on the parasite.


Surgery for placenta accreta spectrum overlying the cesarean scar is challenging for excessive blood loss. Elective cesarean hysterectomy without disrupting the placenta was the generally accepted approach, however, with high maternal morbidity, loss of fertility and psychological trauma. Innovative approaches are being investigated for uterine preservation. A step-by-step surgical technique was developed in our group and has been used to preserve the uterus in all severe cases with placenta increta/percreta overlying the cesarean scar. The procedure details and the surgical outcomes are provided.


Clinical trials aim to invent new, better, safer, more effective ways to prevent, detect, or treat health conditions and to compare them to existing standards of care as applicable. This scientific inquiry prompts researchers to design and develop proposed clinical trial protocols to evaluate preliminary information about the product and develop research questions and objectives. The average budget for new product development is enormous, and this eventuality is because almost 90 percent of a trial drugs never get approved. Hence, having an appropriate clinical trial design is crucial for successful product development. A trial's ability to deliver the proposed indication relies on its suitable design, background information, the trial justification to sample size, interim monitoring rules, and ways to review and analyze study data. In this article, we presented an overview of clinical trial designs emphasizing adaptive designs in a simplified way for field-based clinical research professionals.


A bilevel mathematical programming model is proposed in this paper to resolve the origin-destination matrix estimation problem for transit network using data from public transit smart cards.The upper-level problem is a generalized least squares model,while the lower-level one represents an equilibrium assignment problem formalated as a variational inequality for transit network,in which the behavior of the passengers is modelled based on the concept of hyperpath.The model is solved by heuristic iterative algorithm.Since user cost function in the lower-level variational inequality problem is asymmetric,a self-adaptive projection method is used to find its solution.A simple example for the proposed model and its algorithm are illustrated as well.


Modern active and passive geospatial sensing modalities often result in high dimensional feature spaces. Hyper-spectral imagery results in per-pixel spectral "signatures" that represent the reflectance/radiance over hundreds of contiguous spectral bands. Likewise, full-waveform LiDAR systems record the entire waveform of the return Laser pulse. Although the resulting feature spaces are high dimensional, the underlying dimensionality of the information content is often small (i.e., information resides in a lower dimensional subspace), and such data is often sparsely represented in an appropriate dictionary. In recent work, sparse representation based classification has been utilized for effective face recognition tasks. The traditional solution is posed as an optimization problem to learn the representation of test samples using the entire training dictionary under the constraint of sparsity - i.e., Sparse Representation based Classification (SRC). Although this has resulted in promising performance for face recognition tasks (where the number of classes is very large), and to some extent for geospatial image analysis tasks, we contend that the SRC formulation should be modified to yield robust performance for traditional image analysis tasks where the number of classes is not large. In recent work, we developed an alternate approach to use sparse representations for classification of hyperspectral imagery. In this paper, we develop a subspace learning preprocessing that effectively reduces the dimensionality of high dimensional geospatial data (both hyperspectral imagery, and full-waveform LiDAR data), and demonstrate its efficacy when combined with this recently developed sparse representation approach.


W H A T IS IT about "you" that literary critics and theorists find so embarrass ing? Commentators on texts can manifest embarrassment in diverse ways: we can express irritation or impatience, make apologies and excuses, or rise above the source of our discomfort by denying it, ignoring it, or imagining it to be something other than the thing we find so problematic. Earnest direct address has been both vilified and defended in commentaries on particular realist novels, but in theories of literature and theories of reading it has, for the most part, been suppressed. To examine in detail all of the reasons for each literary theory's means of avoiding this trope would require writing another book. In this conclud ing chapter, then, I simply sketch out some possible sources for the critical discomfort over earnest direct address in literary texts. I situate the problem at the intersection of three locations of anxiety. The first source of anxiety centers on literary-theoretical disagreements about whether "literary" and "nonliterary" language must necessarily occupy separate realms. The sec ond producer of anxiety is the discomfort critics and theorists seem to experience when they are confronted with texts that gesture toward mo ments of intensified presence. And finally, I look at the way these anxieties are aggravated when that presence is coded as feminine.


The Shiite Renaissance - religion and science in the early Ismaili mission the sources of truth (the quest for certainty, the wellsprings of truth, intellect and the ta'yid) the soul and its tarkib the speaking prophet and his ta'lif the ladder of salvation the ultimate recourse in God and the Tawhid the study of al-Sijistani and his works - a brief history and guide.


The present invention relates to a filling machine with at least one volumetric dosing system 4 which comprises a cylinder 41 with a piston 43 operated by actuating means 7 electric or pneumatic connected to a programmable control unit of the machine, and provided in the lower part of a first suction port connected by a first conduit 49a aspiration, 49b to a first storage tank 1, a second inlet port connected by a second suction duct to a second tank 2, and a discharge orifice connected by a delivery duct to a filling nozzle 6. valve systems formed flaps 81, 82 are mounted in the suction ducts and at the filling nozzle , each valve system being maneuvered individually by opening and closing by actuation means 91,92 pneumatic and / or individual electrical connected to the control unit machi born.


Urban color plan is an important method to form the overall scene of a city and also a hot topic of urban planning and control. Being different with conventional plan, it has become urgent to solve how to translate the abstract colors into concrete control elements, how to make color control become more practicality and operability, as well as how to combine the color and city space to put forward effective urban color operational framework for the existing city space from the perspective of operation.


One of the stories of Brexit has been the rediscovery of some sort of English nationalism. This chapter focuses on the troubled (re)emergence of 'England' as an imagined political territory. It analyses Brexit as a symptom of the political, economic and social geography of England, its uneven development in a spatial polity dominated by London and the South East of England.
The divisions within the UK were reflected in the voting patterns of the 2016 referendum and this may have significant implications for the UK's future as a multinational state, and particularly for England as a central pillar of that state. The chapter explores some of the key factors that underlay the geographical patterns of the vote in England and its regions, highlighting the importance of uneven development in generating significant political outcomes and embedding social difference in place.
It draws on geographical concepts to explore England's changing position within the UK as a political and economic entity. And it reflects on some of the complexities of constructing an English national identity, at the same time as the political space of Englishness is becoming less rather than more certain – not only are most of England's cities becoming increasingly multicultural and even cosmopolitan, but some of the older (now often post-) industrial areas are becoming increasingly marginalised.


Author(s): Huang, Ming | Advisor(s): Wang, Yinsheng | Abstract: Mass spectrometry (MS)-based bottom-up proteomics and quantitative proteomic labeling strategies have led to unprecedented insights into systems biology and provided invaluable resources as a multifaceted analytical tool. We have utilized such techniques to analyze small GTPases of the Ras superfamily, which represent a class of crucial signaling molecules in cells, and the aberrant regulation of their expressions is implicated with various types of human diseases. In this dissertation, I report the development and applications of novel targeted quantitative proteomic methods for high-throughput and reproducible profiling of small GTPases in cultured human cells and patient-derived brain tissues that carry disease-related changes.In Chapter 2, I describe the development of a novel scheduled multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted quantitative proteomic method, in conjunction with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) for the quantification of more than 90 small GTPases in the paired primary/metastatic melanoma cell lines. The data reveal previously unrecognized roles of RAB38 in promoting melanoma metastasis in vitro.In Chapter 3, the established scheduled MRM-based method was further applied to assess the differential expression of small GTPases in wild-type MCF-7 and the paired tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. The method facilitated robust quantification of 96 small GTPases, among which down-regulation of RAB31 was analyzed further and demonstrated to play a role in the development of acquired tamoxifen resistance.In Chapter 4, we extended the use of the scheduled MRM method to comprehensively investigate the differential expression of small GTPases in paired primary/metastatic colorectal cancer cell (CRC) lines SW480 and SW620. With this approach, 83 small GTPases were robustly quantified, leading to the identification of SAR1B as a potential suppressor for CRC metastasis. We also showed that diminished SAR1B expression could stimulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby promoting motility and in vitro metastasis of SW480 cells.In Chapter 5, I describe the development of a novel targeted quantitative proteomic assay based on MRM and the use of crude synthetic stable isotope-labeled (SIL) peptides as internal standards (IS) and surrogate standards (SS). By using this approach, we quantified ~80 small GTPases from lysates of frontal cortex from post-mortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient brain tissue samples. The method displayed excellent throughput, sensitivity and reproducibility. Furthermore, we observed that the protein expression levels of Rab3A/C, Rab4A/B and Rab27B proteins, which are involved with synaptic and secretory vesicles, increased with degree of disease severity. The MRM quantification results were further verified by Western blotting.


It is widely agreed that virtually all cosmetic volumizer agents can induce nodule formation. One such agent, PLA (Sculptra, formerly NewFill, Ashford Aesthetics, Brussels, Belgium), was introduced in Europe in 1999. In the United States, PLA (Sculptura, Dermik, Berwyn, PA) was introduced in 2004 for the treatment of facial lipoatrophy associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has since gained popularity in off-label use as a cosmetic volumizer for soft tissue enhancement in the general population.


Abstract Social networks represent the immediate environment in which entrepreneurs are embedded and they therefore have a great influence on entrepreneurs' behavior. Entrepreneurs' social networks can provide entrepreneurs and their firms with information, support and access to resources. The support of the environment is important for reinforcing self-efficacy which is recognized as a predictor of firm performance. In this study, we developed and empirically tested hypotheses about the relationships between networking, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and small firm growth. The findings show that entrepreneurs can enhance entrepreneurial self-efficacy through network support, and consequently contribute to relative firm growth. The study provides significant contributions to entrepreneurship network theory and holds important implications for theory and practice.


Satellites with passive thermal control system use thermal coatings, secondary and first surface mirrors and paints to maintain the temperatures of their electronic equipment within operating temperatures. Satellite coatings are exposed to harsh space environments like ultraviolet radiation (UV) and atomic oxygen (AO) that cause thermal degradation. As nature of the space environment, degradation of the surface paints and coatings cause increase in temperatures of the equipment in time. Thermal designer must consider the thermal degradation of the coatings and paints and optimize the radiator sizes of the satellite at Beginning of Life (BOL) and End of Life (EOL) of the satellite in order to maintain the temperatures of equipment within their safe operation limits. For this analysis, a micro-class satellite using passive thermal control with surface paints and interface conductance within each equipment has been studied. The satellite top surface (+Z) faces the earth and bottom surface (-Z) faces deep space. The lateral sides of the satellite are covered with honeycomb solar panels and top and bottom surfaces are covered with white paint which act as satellite radiator. The satellite orbit has been considered as 700 km Sun-Synchronous Low Earth Orbit. In this analysis BOL and EOL thermo optical properties have been used to predict the satellite temperatures before and after degradation of paints. Thermal analysis have been performed and predicted temperatures obtained by using THERMICA thermal analysis software.


There are grant numbers missing from the Funding section. The correct funding information is as follows: This work was supported with grants from FAPESB (Fundação de Amparo à Pes-quisa da Bahia) (SUS0003/2009, DCR002/2011 and RED0018/2013). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2015 Duarte et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Charge compensation can proceed from electrons in the conduction band or in -0.06-ev traps. Heatlng in Cd vapor results in dlffusion of interstitial F- ions to the surface and electrons inward from the surface. CdF/sub 2/ is formed. In CdF/sub 2/: Sm/sup 3+/, Na/sup /, in which the substitutional Na+ compensates the charge of the Sm/sup 3+/ ion, no coloration was observed nor could pure CdP/sub 2/ crystals be colored. Freecarrier absorption was also observed in material doped with Tb and Dy. (L.N.N.)


Abstract : A symmetric signal S(t), -T equal to or less than t equal to or less than T, is one for which S(t)=S(-t). Such symmetrics are independent of Doppler effects and thus of interest in certain applications. A correlation-like processing technique is described here that capitalizes on this symmetry property. (Author)


Metallographic inspection was conducted to a brake hub broken in driving process,and the result shows that such factors as graphite slice being too big and in mass form,eutectic cell being too massive, hypo-surface substrate being ferrite and the proportion in the internal substrate of cast being too high as well as irregular degree of graphitization led to its breaking in its work state.


This study is to study and analyze sports orientation of college students in Henan province by using literature and data,questionnaire,interview,mathematical statistics and so on. As a result,we pointed out the disadvantageous and advantageous factors that effect the students' sports orientation,and hold that we should turn disadvantageous factors into advantageous ones to help students construct scientific values and orientation of sports.


Objective of this research was to determine the effect of microclimatic factors on quality of pig carcasses. Microclimatic temperature, air humidity and concentration of harmful gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) were measured. Investigation included 248 fatteners of Swedish Landrace, divided into two groups. First investigation group (124 heads) consisted of fatteners whose bio-zone was under control: air temperature (15-18 0 ), relative humidity (60-80%), using the apparatus TESTO 350M/XL, and for measuring of harmful gasses (CO2) carbon dioxide (0.3-0.5%) and (NH3) ammonia (0.01%) gas detector Dräger Multiwarn II was used. In the second control group (124 heads) were fatteners reared conventionally in non-controlled conditions. Quality of carcasses was determined by method of partial dissection (Walstra and Merkus, 1996) of left carcass sides, according to procedure recommended by EU. According to this method, carcass sides are cut into 12 parts. Based on the quantity of meat in four major carcass side parts: leg, shoulder, back-loin and belly-rib parts which contain 75% of total mass of musculature and mass of tenderloin. Lean meat percentage was calculated according to formulation by Manojlovic et al., 1999). Statistical processing of data was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics and statistical software Statistica 8. Statistical significance of differences established between mean values was determined using t-test. Obtained data show that average share of meat in the leg, shoulder, back-loin and belly-rib parts was approximately the same in both investigated groups, as follows: in leg 64,88 and 64.83%; shoulder, 65.50 and 65.48%; back-loin part, 49.76 and 49.74% and belly-rib part, 53.68 and 53.65%. Also, lean meat percentages in carcasses in both investigation groups were similar: 57.16 and 56.91%. We can conclude, based on observed obtained values of share of meat in investigation groups, that there are differences, since fatteners of the I trial group exhibited greater meat yield in leg, shoulder, BLP and carcass. However, differences weren't statistically significant (P>0.05) in any of the cases.


This article discusses the possibility of practical application of the Due Diligence procedure on the example of one of the Russian companies. The company "Packaging Solutions" LLC was chosen as an economic entity. At the beginning of the article, the author provides the basic data of the organization, its staff, main activities, property. Further, more detailed information about the type of activity of the organization is disclosed, as well as the fact of the company's special attitude to issues of economic security. The author reveals the concept of economic security, and also considers factors that may affect the economic security of an individual economic entity or the country as a whole. In more detail, the article discusses external factors that affect the economic security of individual organizations. After establishing the general principles for maintaining economic security in organizations, the author proceeds to consider economic security in Packaging Solutions LLC. This organization has features of economic activity that positively distinguish it from other companies in terms of economic security of an economic entity. The author considers the coefficient of financial independence of the organization, which positively characterizes the economic security of the organization, also mentions the presence of a patented trademark, which is an advantage in the modern market, since its own trademark provides recognition of the company and gives it legal protection. The article also pays attention to ensuring economic security in the field of contractual relations, building relationships with customers, information security of the company, and the personnel policy of the organization. After considering the positive aspects of the economic security of this company, the author proceeds to highlight the shortcomings of economic security. To establish the shortcomings of the organization's activities, the author analyzes its indicators. Based on the results of the analysis, the author identifies the following threats to the economic security of the organization: high competition in the market, unstable financial condition, participation of the company in court as a defendant. At the end of the work, the author gives possible solutions to improve the efficiency of the company's economic security system.


It is not easy to write about a home you are enforced to be away of it. Undoubtedly, your words and lines will be expressive and impressive because they come to reveal a fact would not be ignored by the Palestinians or the world in general. Mohmoud Darwish is one of the Palestinians who were enforced to be dislocated, jailed, but exiled. He has an experience in exile with homelessness and homeliness. This article attempts to analyze four of Darwish's poems that address home and homeliness, identity and exile of the strangers who spend their lives dislocated. The selected poems will be analyzed to probe deeply into the location of home, homeliness, exile and identity in the poetry of Mahmoud Drawish. How the strangers feel while they are detached of their homes and families searching for their identity, searching for their home. The article explores the influence of the words of Darwish's poetry in expressing homesickness, homeliness and how a Palestinian finds his life away of his motherland, Palestine. The focus will be on the thematic and attitudinal structure and the aesthetics of using the expressive words, symbols and images that manifest the postcolonial identity that always stands against dominating power of colonizers.


In the present short note, we generalize simple approximate Johnson-Jaffar-Barber solutions for the indentation by a rigid punch of a thin elastic layer on a rigid foundation to the case of adhesion. This could be an interesting geometry for an adhesive system, a limit case of the more general class of layered systems, or FGMs (Functionally Graded Materials). We show that ultrastrong adhesion (up to theoretical strength) can be reached both in line contact or in axisymmetric contact for thin layers (typically of nanoscale size), which suggests a new possible strategy for "optimal adhesion". In particular, in line contact adhesion enhancement occurs as an increase of the actual pull-off force, while in axisymmetric case the latter is apparently very close to the classical JKR case. However, it appears in closer examination that also for axisymmetric case, the enhancement occurs by reducing the size of contact needed to sustain the pull-off force. These effects are further enhanced by Poisson's ratio effects in the case of nearly incompressible layer.


This paper analyses the secular and cyclical behaviour of the rate of profit for the UK corporate sector from 1962 to 1985, using the growth accounting framework developed by Weisskopf (1979) for the USA, and the labour share decomposition of Henley (1987). The results show that the five per cent per annum decline in net profit rate in the UK over the period is explained in part by each of the three factors of declining profit share, declining capital productivity and, to a lesser extent, declining capacity utilization. As in the USA profitability peaks prematurely in each business cycle as a result of distributional pressure. Further decomposition of these components points to the importance of inadequate growth of real labour productivity as an explanatory factor, and to the inability of firms to protect profit share from the effect of the pre-1979 growing employer labour tax burden. The post-1980 profit revival in the UK is not explained by a 'breakthrough' in terms of an improved growth rate of labour...


Objectives: To examine the prevalence of chronic headache (≥15 days/month) associated with analgesic overuse in relation to age and gender and the association between analgesic overuse and chronic pain (i.e., migraine, nonmigrainous headache, neck and low-back pain). Methods: In the Nord–Trøndelag Health Study 1995 to 1997 (HUNT-2), a total of 51,383 subjects responded to headache questions (Head-HUNT), of which 51,050 completed questions related to musculoskeletal symptoms and 49,064 questions regarding the use of analgesics. Results: The prevalence of chronic headache associated with analgesic use daily or almost daily for ≥1 month was 1% (1.3% for women and 0.7% for men) and for analgesic overuse duration of ≥3 months 0.9% (1.2% for women and 0.6% for men). Chronic headache was more than seven times more likely among those with analgesic overuse (≥1 month) than those without (odds ratio [OR] = 7.5, 95% CI: 6.6 to 8.5). Upon analysis of the different chronic pain subgroups separately, the association with analgesic overuse was strongest for chronic migraine (OR = 10.3, 95% CI: 8.1 to 13.0), intermediate for chronic nonmigrainous headache (OR = 6.2, 95% CI: 5.3 to 7.2), and weakest for chronic neck (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 2.3 to 2.9) and chronic low-back (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 2.7 to 3.3) pain. The association became stronger with increasing duration of analgesic use for all groups and was most evident among those with headache, especially those with migraine. Conclusions: Chronic headache associated with analgesic overuse is prevalent and especially chronic migraine is more strongly associated with frequent intake of analgesics than other common pain conditions like chronic neck and chronic low-back pain.


Mobile Augmented Reality (AR) for Smart Pet is an augmented reality virtual pet simulation game application. The name of this game application is called Sorumeito, which is translate from the word "soulmate" to Japanese word. The pet in Sorumeito called Soru. The application named like this because people who loneliness or depression can have companion with them and overcome the hard time together. The companion is like a soulmate that can heal their soul and heart or even can just play for fun. Especially for the students which include primary students, secondary students, and university students are facing the same problems which are easy get stress from their academic study. The main purpose of this application is some of people are not effort to buy a real pet thus this application can stimulate a virtual pet for them to play. Thus, user can save a lot of money, time and space when they want to have a real pet compared to virtual pet. Virtual pet no need fed by real food, would not get ill, no need bath for them and even not occupied the space of owner houses, it just occupied the space of the phone. In order to let the pet can be more reality, this game application is developed by using unity game engine and combine with AR technique which is Vuforia. Vuforia is an augmented reality software development kit (SDK) for mobile devices thus author can bring virtual object to real world. Furthermore, artificial intelligent part includes voice recognition and face detection will be added into this game so that owner can speak with the pet and the pet can detect their own owner face expression, then the virtual pet can make some animation based on the expression.


Abstract In this study, TiO2 nanotube (TNTs) electrodes were synthesized via direct anodic oxidation and TiO2 nanotubes modified with Fe2O3 (Fe2O3/TNTs) electrodes were obtained by electrochemical deposition method. The decolorization of Rhodamine B wastewater by solar photocatalytic/photoelectro-Fenton coupling system was investigated, where Fe2O3/TNTs electrodes and activated carbon fibre (ACF) were used as anode and cathode, respectively. The results indicated that uniform TiO2 nanotube was obtained and the diameter ranged from 40 to 50 nm. UV-Vis DRS results revealed that the modified Fe2O3/TNTs electrodes showed a stronger response in the visible region compared with TNTs electrodes. Parameters had a big influence on solar photocatalytic/ photoelectro-Fenton decolorization of Rhodamine B, the decolorization of Rhodamine B reached 96.6% within 60 min at the optimum conditions. The pseudo-first-order was used to fit the dynamic data with a rate constant of 0.05472 ± 0.00134 min-1. Hydroxyl radical and photo generated hole were the main active species contributed to Rhodamine B decolorization, making a contribution of 76.6% and 16.6%, respectively.


Receipt for 18 francs, 80 cents that Castro can keep from the cash the recipient is expecting from his country. Dated January 11, 1844 in Port la Vacca. "... received from Mr. Louis Huth, on behalf of Mr. H[enr]i Castro in Paris."


This invention provides a liquid-cooling system, which includes: an endothermic unit; a cooling unit; the joint pipe which links the stated endothermic unit and passes through the cooling unit; the work liquid which flows in the stated endothermic unit and the joint pipe. The work liquid includes the liquid medium and magnetic powder which disperse in liquid medium. The liquid-cooling system at least includes magnetic field devices to generate the magnetic field, the endothermic unit and the cooling unit are located in this magnetic field. The liquid-cooling system of this invention controls the magnetic powder's flow of work liquid and makes the work liquid on disorderly condition, it increases work liquid's thermal conductivity and improves cooling effect of liquid-cooling system.


Markarian (Mrk) 180 is a High frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object or HBL object, located at a redshift of 0.045 and a potential candidate for high-energy cosmic ray acceleration. In this work, we have done a temporal and spectral study using Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) $\gamma$-ray data, collected over 12.8 years. In the case of the temporal study, the 12.8 years long, 30-day binned, Fermi-LAT $\gamma$-ray light curve does not show any significant enhancement of the flux. To understand the underlying physical mechanism, we focused our study on multi-wavelength spectral analysis. We constructed multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution (MWSED) using Swift X-ray, ultraviolet&optical, and X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) data, which have been analysed thoroughly. The SED has been modelled with three different models: (i) pure leptonic scenario and lepto-hadronic scenario where we considered two types of lepto-hadronic interactions (ii) line-of-sight interactions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECR; $E\gtrsim 10^{17}$ eV) with the cosmic background radiation and (iii) interaction between relativistic protons with the cold proton within the blazar jet. In this literature, we have done a detailed comparative study between all these three models. In an earlier study, Mrk 180 was associated with the Telescope Array (TA) hotspot of UHECRs at $E>57$ EeV which motivates us to check whether Mrk 180 can be a source of UHECRs, contributing to the TA hotspot. From our study, we find, for conservative strengths of the extragalactic magnetic field, Mrk 180 is unlikely to be a source of UHECR events.


This paper presents development of low conversion loss fundamental mixers. Appropriate reflector networks are employed to provide proper terminations for operation frequencies and other undesired frequency mixing components in the designed Ka-band single-ended mixer and X-band single balanced mixer. Quantitative analysis of the mixer terminations is presented. Syntheses of the input and output reflector networks are optimized for the mixers. The measured conversion loss of the X-band mixer is $6.4\pm 0.7\mathbf{dB}$ from 10 to 11.5GHz, the lowest conversion loss is 5.67dB at 10.6GHz. RF-IF port isolation is better than 27dB, LO-IF port isolation is higher than 24dB and LO-RF port isolation is better than 14dB. To the Ka-band mixer, the lowest measured conversion loss is 3.52dB at 32.2GHz, the conversion loss is flat and less than 5.68dB from 29 to 34GHz.


A relatively large class of information theoretical measures, such as mutual information or normalized entropy, have been used in multi-modal medical image registration. Even though the mathematical foundations of the different measures were very similar, the final expressions turned out to be surprisingly different. Therefore one of the main aims of this paper is to enlighten the relationship of different, objective functions by introducing a mathematical framework from which several known optimization objectives can be deduced. Furthermore we will extend existing measures in order to be applicable on image features different, than image intensities and introduce "feature efficiency" as a very general concept, to qualify such features. The presented framework is very general and not at all restricted to medical images. Still we want, to discuss the possible impact, of our theoretical framework for the particular problem of medical image registration, where the feature space has traditionally been fixed to image intensities. Our theoretical approach though can be used for any kind of multi-modal signals, such as for the broad field of multi-media applications.


Abstract The most useful way to validate a predictive scheme is to compare its results against actual performance. While this approach has enjoyed some success, the interpretation of any reservoir process is complicated by many operational, reservoir and subjective issues. These issues mean that the process performance is rarely clear, and consequently the success of the prediction is always in doubt, no matter how closely the prediction agrees with performance. The work described in this paper adopts another means of validation: comparison of a highly detailed deterministic simulation against the results generated from conditional simulation (CS). Results show that, although it is highly flexible and generates realistic heterogeneity, CS must be tailored to the specific geological environment for best agreement with the deterministic simulation.


Family violence is a tragedy in any community. The pastoral image of a quiet home in "Mayberry" is shattered by the reality of family violence. The literature reveals that family violence is a social health issue in rural communities, however it does not provide sufficient insight into the influential contextual factors. The goal of this research was to conduct an ethnography into relevant contextual factors in rural family violence to provide researchers with information on which to base decisions, develop effective programs and interventions, and influence policy. The purpose was to better understand this social health issue within the context of a rural community and to identify influential contextual factors useful in developing a praxis theory for addressing health issues in rural communities. Specific aims were: 1) to learn from rural residents how rural context affects family and community health; 2) to deepen understanding of family violence related to rurality; and 3) to propose a theoretical model of family violence for eventual practical use in informing, assessing, and intervening with a community. Methodology: Within a paradigm of social constructivism, interviews and focus groups provided data for this ethnographic study and a scholarly description of family violence in a rural community in southeastern Arizona. Findings: An iterative process of data analysis yielded five organizing themes and an emerging praxis theory. The organizing themes were substance abuse; lack of resources; lack of understanding and awareness of family violence; family and values; and strong sense of community. The emerging theory indicates it is necessary to consider


When a nursing procedure needs to be carried out, the child and his or her parents can adopt a comfortable position and participate as best as they can during the procedure. Explanation sheets and personal advice enable such procedures to be carried out in the best conditions for the families and caregivers.


Background: Upper extremity trauma is one of the most frequent of trauma that leads to emergency department visitation in every health care facilities. A wide range of manifestations could differently be present from one area to another. Thus, the statistical prevalence number of upper extremity trauma is very important for designing and optimizing the health care service for the purpose of preventive and curative. This study aims to understand the charachteristics of patient with upper extremity trauma that admitted at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang emergency department in the period of January to December 2019.
Method: This research was an observational descriptive study. Using secondary data from the medical records of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Performed in the from January 2019 to December 2019. Samples were all upper extremity trauma patients who were admitted at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang emergency department in the period of study.
Result: There were 54 subjects participated who met the study's criterias. Most of them were male (76%) with the average of age around 34 years old. It is also dominated with the group of age 25-44 years old (39%), 80% of among all patients have closed and hard tissue trauma. Regio humerus is the most frequent area impacted (16 patients). Most of the patients have worked as private employees (13 patients) with education background till senior high school (38 patients). The etiology of majority trauma is traffic accident (29 patients) that lived outside Palembang area (16 patients).
Conclusion: Majority of the upper extremity trauma cases of this study have characteristics as male in productive group of age and the cause of trauma is traffic accident.


This paper presents the characteristics of slippage on the hydrophilic walls of different channel widths studied by molecular dynamics simulation.The simulation results indicate that there exists a reversal slip when shear rate small,and fluids on the wall are acted by adhesive force.At the condition of same wettability,the slip length is only related to shear rate of fluids near the wall rather than channel widths.The absolute value of slip length decreases with the augment of shear rate and keeps constant when the shear rate increases to a certain extent.Some experiments with deionized water flow through microtubes of 10 micrometer diameter were designed for experimental study and for validation with the simulation results.The experiment results show that there is a linear correlation between flow rate and the shear rate,and a threshold pressure gradient exists under the low speed flow.The existence reason of threshold pressure gradient is the affection of the reversal slip near the wall.The slip length is nonlinear with the shear rate.The nonlinearity gradually weakens and finally the result tends to a stable value with the increase of shear rate.The experiment results are in good agreement with the simulation results,which further illustrates that there are reversal slip and stagnant fluid layer near the solid wall boundary when fluid flow in the hydrophilic micro-tubes.This is why there exists threshold pressure gradient in low permeability porous media.


AIM: To observe the effect of ischemic preconditioning on contents of cytochrome C and mitochondrial calcium in rats after focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion. METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemic model was made by occlusion of right middle artery in Wistar rats (ischemia for 2 h and reperfusion for 4 h). Rats were randomly divided into three groups: ischemia pretreatment, model and sham operation. Rats in ischemic pretreatment group were undergone transient ischemic preconditioning (30 min) and reperfusion (72 h). The contents of cytochrome C were measured according to Zhangjuntian's improved methods. The contents of mitochondrial calcium were detected by flame atom absorption. RESULTS: The contents of mitochondrial cytochrome C and calcium in model group were significantly lower than those in sham operation (P0.05, P0.01), whereas the contents of plasma cytochrome C were markedly higher (P0.05, P0.01). The change in ischemic pretreatment group was obviously difference as compared with the model group. CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning reduces the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C and maintain mitochondrial calcium homeostasis.


Purpose: Article is sent for consideration of problems of transfer of Execution of criminal sanctions to private operators. Methodology: Were applied by the author a formal legal and comparative and legal method. Results: In article the new model of an execution of the punishment with introduction of elements of a dispozitive principle in system of execution of criminal sanctions by criminal accurately right of Russia is offered. The mechanism of realization of this model and its positive sides is reasonable. For check of its efficiency it is offered to make experiments in separately taken directions, for example, to attract collection agencies to execution of criminal sanction in the form of a penalty. Novelty/originality/value: The scientific value of work consists in justification of need of introduction of new model of execution of criminal sanction.


Contemporary urban stormwater management is aimed at reducing the impacts of urbanisation on the natural water cycle. Management objectives go beyond the traditional concept of efficient and rapid conveyance of urban stormwater runoff and now include the protection of aquatic ecosystem health of receiving waters, promotion of stormwater as a resource and integration of stormwater management facilities into the urban landscape. By necessity, urban stormwater management now needs to be broadly based, requiring multidisciplinary inputs. In Australian practice, the adoption of an integrated approach to urban design that implicitly integrates urban stormwater management practices has been slow and sporadic. However, the past three years have seen increased efforts to forge a stronger link between research institutions, state and local government departments and the land development industry. This represents a significant paradigm shift in stormwater management practice in Australia. Research organisations are now placing a higher emphasis on effective engagement and partnership with the industry. Recent land development projects have adopted a Water Sensitive Urban Design philosophy, a reflection of the changing paradigm towards an integrated urban water cycle management approach to ecologically sustainable urban design. In most states of Australia, current institutional arrangements are such that the responsibility for urban water resources management are fragmented and make integrated water management difficult. Efforts are made to overcome this impediment to provide the necessary administrative and regulatory framework to support industry adoption of best practice environmental management of urban stormwater. This paper describes the current status of Australian practice in urban stormwater management and outlines some of the initiatives taken to complete the paradigm shift to an ecologically sustainable urban stormwater management.


The main purpose of this study was to characterize the expression patterns of the maize fie genes and to identify possible modes of their regulation. Our study revealed that although the fiel and fie2 genes in maize contain a 78% homology within their exonic regions, their promoter regions are complex and contain no similarity. The maize fiel and fie2 genes also have different pattern of expression, fiel has a highly regulated expression. fiel transcription is detectable only in the endosperm at early stages of development. fie2 has a more ubiquitous expression, detectable in vegetative and reproductive tissues at all times of plant development. We showed that the fiel gene is imprinted and that transcriptional silencing of the paternal allele takes place. We looked at DNA methylation as part of the imprinting mechanism that regulates fiel expression. Our study showed that the fiel gene and not the fie2 gene is methylated along the promoter and exonic regions of the gene. More importantly we showed that in the endosperm, where fiel is expressed, only the silent paternal allele is methylated. In contrast, in tissues where the fiel gene is not expressed, like leaves and embryo, both maternal and paternal alleles have high levels of methylation. We propose the following model offiel imprinting. Before fertilization, the fiel maternal alleles are demethylated in the central cell of the female gametophyte, but remain methylated in the egg cell and in the male gametophyte. After fertilization, demethylation allows for expression of the maternal fiel alleles in the endosperm. However, the paternal allele remains methylated in the endosperm and therefore silent and both paternal and maternal alleles also remain methylated and silent in the embryo.


This Briefing addresses the ground of religion in asylum cases involving gang violence in Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala. It first describes country condition evidence critical to a nuanced understanding of these claims. The Briefing then presents an overview of U.S. asylum law with a focus on religion-based claims and gang violence. Next, the Briefing provides examples of cases in which adjudicators have granted asylum to women and youths who suffered or feared persecution by gangs for reasons of religion, among other grounds. The Briefing concludes with practical guidance regarding how to develop and present asylum cases involving gangs, religion, and the church.


Currently, many authors have studied the uniform axisymmetric pressure head laminar and turbulent movement of water in hydraulic smooth and rough (with uniform roughness) pipes of circular cross-section. The results obtained in the study of a plane-parallel turbulent flow in pressure channels allow here only to outline the structure of the corresponding dependencies and to clarify the simplest case of unpressurized fluid movement, when this movement can also be reduced to plane-parallel or, in other words, to movement in channel of infinitely large width with a flat bottom. In all other cases, the only way to solve the problem is experiment. But the possibilities of the experiment are limited, as are limited, and in a number of cases debatable, and the information accumulated to date on the uniform free-flow motion of fluid in channels of various cross-sectional shapes. The unpressurized uniform movement of fluid in channels of various cross-sectional shapes has been completely insufficiently studied. The construction of numerous free-flow watercourses, as well as machine channels of pumping stations, requires scientifically based calculation methods. For the correct establishment of hydraulic calculation methods, a sufficiently deep study of the physical essence of the phenomena occurring in the free-flow derivation channels is necessary. The extensive construction of numerous free-flow watercourses, as well as hydroelectric power plant (HPP) derivation channels, requires scientifically based calculation methods. For the correct establishment of hydraulic calculation methods, a sufficiently deep study of the physical essence of the hydraulic phenomena occurring in the free-flow derivation channels of HPPs is necessary.


The present invention provides a method, system and node for realizing auto protection switching in Optical Burst-Switching Ring. The method comprises: a master node and a slave node respectively perform optical power monitoring on respective channels and the monitoring results are collected into the master node; the master node sends a switching operation instruction to the slave node when the master node determines that a failure occurs according to the monitoring results; and the slave node performs a switching operation and enters a protection operation state. The present invention introduces a protection switching mechanism for the Optical Burst-Switching Ring, realizing failure processing and ensuring the communication quality of the Optical Burst-Switching Ring. Further, by utilizing different switching operation ways for a data channel and a control channel, the present invention not only meets the protection requirement for a control channel loop from the central controlled Optical Burst-Switching Ring and ensures that the control channel still can operate in a master-slave type ring operation mode, but also considers the utilization rate of a transceiver on the data channel, maximizing the availability of the transceiver on each node.


Fuel cells are a versatile, renewable energy source that can be used in a wide range of applications. In this paper, topologies for a 10 kW inverter system with a low voltage fuel cell input are evaluated based on simplicity, performance, and cost. This particular fuel cell system is intended for household stand-alone power generation. The inverter proposed has a nominal fuel cell input of 48 VDC and is capable of two single phase 120 VAC outputs and one 240 Vac output. Different topology options are explored for the DC-DC converter and the inverter stages, and one combination is evaluated in detail. There is a clear topological choice for the DC-DC converter, but there are a couple of options that work well for the inverter stage. Different choices for energy storage also exist and a good alternative to batteries is presented. The chosen topology contains two modular units, which are supplemented with a set of ultracapacitors at the input for transient conditions. Each module consists of a full-bridge phase-shifted front-end and a half-bridge inverter. Experimental results are displayed for several load conditions.


Let us accept the statement that the true purpose-indeed the only excuse -for which a school exists is to fit a child to live in his world. As we say of self-consciousness, this is just a fact; it needs no argument. But we must specify what " to live" means. This must be determined before we can possibly go on. It will be seen at once that the simple knowledge of studies will not fit one to live. People thus provided are usually pitiful failures. We must study life as it is today and as it is likely to be in the coming generation, and thus determine the qualities which, developed in a man, would fit him to live in his world. These qualities, when once determined, would of course become the specific purposes of the educative process. They are not hard to discover, and when found it is astonishing that scarcely one of them is a clearly defined aim of the schools of today; and that scarcely one of them will be developed, other than by accident, by the general teaching of today. When we make a study of life, we see at once that in our attention to the book we have frequently forgotten to watch the growth of the child. It is no wonder that a student once said to me: "Why has none of our teachers ever said anything to us about us, when it is about us that we should know? " Verily,


This bachelor thesis aims to elaborate a financial analysis of a company that deals with plumbing, heating and gas. The analysis is made for the period from 2007 to 2009. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides an analysis of professional literature sources dealing with the nature and purpose of a financial analysis, information sources for a financial analysis, its users and methods. The practical part introduces the company XY Ltd. After that, the financial analysis of the company is carried out with the use of the financial statements of the company, and instruments and methods of financial analysis. The conclusion summarizes the results of the financial analysis and presents recommendations that could improve the financial situation of the company.


Background: a futsal player with flexibility muscles hamstring better able to help increase during play futsal performance .To increase the flexibility muscles hamstring can be done by exercise MET and dynamic stretching. Based on pre study to the futsal players in Sragen , that exercise never done before and only an exercise dynamic stretching
Objective : toknow comparison stretching method happy and stretching dynamic to flexibility muscle hamstring on a player futsal in sragen
Method: research methodology use quasi experiment , with pre and post test two group design. Sample as many as 24 futsal player with using total sampling. Research instruments met by the exercise and dynamic stretching to calculate flexibility hamstring muscle .Data analysis using wilcoxon test and mann whitney
The average flexibility muscle hamstring pre test MET group was 46,25 ±4,820 and post test = 55, ± 5,410 . Pre test group dynamic stretching was 47,08 ±5,820 and post test 55,83 ± 4,170 .Wilcoxon test results p = 0,007 .The results of the dynamic stretching wilcoxon obtained value p = 0,003 .Test different the influence of flexibility muscle hamstring between dynamic stretching p = 0,977 .
Conclusion: there is the influence of muscle energy technique to flexibility muscle hamstring on a player futsal. There is influence of dynamic stretching to flexibility muscle hamstring on a player futsal. There is no difference influence of between MET and dynamic stretching to flexibility muscle hamstring on futsal player.


This paper describes DAVE, an automatic program testing aid which performs a static analysis of Fortran programs. DAVE analyzes the data flows both within and across subprogram boundaries of Fortran programs, and is able to detect occurrences of uninitialized and dead variables in such programs. The paper shows how this capability facilitates the detection of a wide variety of errors, many of which are often quite subtle. The central analytic mechanism in DAVE is a depth-first search procedure which enables DAVE to execute efficiently. Some experiences with DAVE are described and evaluated and some future work is projected.


Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate by hysteroscopy two cases of symptomatic uterine myomas several years after initial Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) myolysis treatment. The related literature was also reviewed. Case reports: Two patients aged 43 and 45 years presented with the same clinical history of prolonged menstrual period following RFA of uterine myomas. Hysteroscopy showed a mass in the posterior uterine cavity which was removed using hysteroscopic resection technique. No further clinical issues were reported after one month follow-up. Conclusion: Hysteroscopic intervention after RFA of uterine myomas is necessary in order to determine the presence of necrotic tissue and to alleviate any clinical symptoms. The long-term outcome of this method needs to be addressed in order to establish the efficiency of RFA.


Preferential attachment, also referred to as the "rich-get-richer" mechanism, characterizes the ability of already existing nodes in an evolutionary network to acquire new connections from newly-coming nodes throughout the growing process of the network. This mechanism is responsible for the emergence of some critical structures in many real networks, such as the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein-protein interaction network, scientific collaboration network, and bitcoin transaction network. Clearly, it is very important to accurately estimate the preferential attachment mechanism for a growing network in interest. Although it has long been aware that the existing widely-used methods yield significantly biased estimates of preferential attachments, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood and not well explained. By rewriting preferential attachment from a deterministic formulation to a stochastic one, this paper reveals two major problems existing in the current methodologies, thereby well explaining why traditional methods introduce biases to the estimates of preferential attachments. To avoid the negative effects of these two problems, a new method is proposed based on the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood method for estimating preferential attachments, which provides asymptotically consistent estimation to preferential attachments. More importantly, even with insufficient information, the new method can still provide an estimate with high precision, showing a significant advantage in measuring preferential attachments based on small-sized samples. The new method is also robust against network parameter changes. The findings may shed some lights onto deeper understanding of the evolutionary processes of real networks.


In this paper, we introduce the concept of "Strategic Digital Information Operations" (SDIOs), discuss the tactics and practices of the SDIOs, explain the main political goals of state and non-state actors in engaging with SDIOs at home and abroad, and suggest avenues for new research. We argue that the concept of the SDIOs presents a useful framework to discuss all forms of digital manipulation at both domestic and international levels organized by either state or non-state actors. While the literature has examined the military-political impacts of the SDIOs, we still don't know much about societal issues that the SDIOs influence such as emotive political mobilization, intergroup relations, social cohesion, trust, and emotional resonance among target audiences.


Triblock copolymers polystyrene−polyisoprene−polystyrene are studied in semidilute solutions (1 < C/C* < 8), in a selective solvent, i.e., a nonsolvent for polystyrene and a good solvent for polyisoprene. The mass of the copolymer is equal to 1.6 × 105 g/mol and it contains 70% of polyisoprene. Static light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, viscoelastic, and quasi-elastic light scattering experiments are reported as a function of the concentration and of the temperature. Rheological properties argue in favor of a network made of end-linked copolymers, the cross-link dynamics being governed by the glass transition of the polystyrene terminal blocks. Small-angle neutron scattering experiments reveal that this network is well ordered and has a cubic structure as up to five Bragg peaks are observed. The relaxation function of concentration fluctuations measured by quasi-elastic light scattering is somewhat reminiscent of supercooled liquid and colloids near the glass transition. It is interpreted in...


We reviewed 95 cases of patients with pituitary microadenomas diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in two institutions: "Hospital Santa Cruz/Beneficencia Portuguesa de Niteroi" and "Clinica X-Labs/Rio de Janeiro". Our aim was to establish the main type of pituitary microadenoma, incidence and proximity to the hypophisial stalk, and correlate these findings with clinical and laboratorial data. A Philips Gyroscan T5 III (0.5 Tesla), a GE Vectra (0.5 Tesla) and a GE Signa (1.0 Tesla) scanners were used to scan the patients with rapid sequences before and after intravenous administration of paramagnetic contrast medium (gadolinium). There was a predominance of women with prolactinomas associated to galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia. In contrast to the current literature, we observed that the pituitary stalk was centered in most cases. Contrast medium injection immediately before scanning is essential to identify microadenomas. The use of half of the preconized dose of gadolinium is recommended.


We previously developed a hybrid small molecule SNIPER (Specific and Nongenetic IAP‐dependent Protein ERaser) against transforming acidic coiled‐coil‐3 (TACC3), SNIPER(TACC3), that induces proteasomal degradation of TACC3 protein. In this study, we found that SNIPER(TACC3) induces cytoplasmic vacuolization derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and paraptosis‐like cell death selectively in cancer cells. Mechanistic analysis suggests that accumulation of ubiquitylated protein aggregates that requires X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) induces ER stress, which results in ER‐stress responses involving X‐box binding protein‐1 (XBP‐1) and ER‐derived vacuolization in cancer cells. Importantly, inhibition of proteasome enhanced the SNIPER(TACC3)‐induced vacuolization, and the combination treatment of SNIPER(TACC3) and bortezomib exhibited a synergistic anticancer activity in several cancer cell lines. The induction of paraptosis‐like cell death in cancer cells by SNIPER(TACC3) could be applied to treat cancer cells resistant to undergo apoptosis by overexpression of XIAP.


On the basis of research of fluidization characteristic parameters of deep beds, the effects of fluidized bed height on gas bubble and power consumption were analyzed. Separating tests of 50 to 300mm lump coal were carried out. Results show that the separation precision is satisfied, the ecart probable moyen value is equal to 0.02 to 0.03. With increase of bed height, air pressure and power consumption rise, expansion ratio of the bed decreases, but the density stability and critical fluidized velocity of the bed are hardly changed. This method of coal preparation with air dense medium of deep fluidized bed provides a new way for lump coal separation.


Key Biscayne, FL—Early results from the Systemic Avastin for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (SANA) Study showed that bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) improved vision and substantially reduced leakage from abnormal blood vessels in eyes of patients with neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), said Philip Rosenfeld, MD, PhD.


Using the theoretical formulation of Cahn and Hilliard and of Langer, we study the initial growth of nucleation droplets in systems with no conservation law for various dimensions and for an arbitrary distance from the coexistence curve. In the vicinity of the coexistence curve the nucleating droplets are compact at the center and growth occurs only at the droplet surface. Close to the classical spinodal the nucleating droplets are ramified and the growth occurs preferentially at the droplets' center. The growth is always maximum where the second derivative of the free-energy density is negative, i.e., at unstable concentrations. The droplet profile for any specified field tends to a universal tanh(x) profile for large dimension. We argue that certain aspects of the droplet depend only on a single scaling field that combines dimensions and quench depth.


Highway intersections experience high numbers of traffic accidents. There are two traditional evaluation methods for intersection safety analysis. The direct assessment method is based on statistics of traffic accidents and the indirect method is based on the traffic conflict technique. While both methods rely on traffic data collected after intersections are built, this paper presents a method which evaluates the intersection safety during the intersection design stage. In order to develop the model, the influences of model objective factors are analyzed. Based on the analysis results, a main model is developed based on the conflict points and traffic flow, and a correctional model is established according to geometry property and traffic signs. The main model and correctional model are eventually combined for the purpose of real world applications. In the Jiangsu Province Coastal Highway Project, the safety level of service is divided into 4 levels according to the calculated values of the 40 intersections. A safety evaluation and optimization scheme is presented accordingly. The method is proved to be feasible in evaluating intersection safety on the design stage by comparing the calculated values before and after intersections improvement.


tion. While some of the assertions made in the presentations and discussions are of course debatable, the book is nevertheless useful as a kind of historical document. Both books claim to provide lessons for the future, whether for the process of transition to democracy now underway in South Africa or for other UN peacekeeping, peacemaking and election monitoring efforts. To a certain extent it can be argued that the circumstances in Namibia were so unique that appropriate lessons for other cases may not be easily drawn. Whether or not this is the case, however, both books stand as important contributions to Namibia's own long neglected historiography and as such are to be recommended.


CONTAINS LEAD TWISTED WIRE CONNECTION WITH LOWER MELTING 155C AND EXTENSION TO BREAK 25. THAN THIS LEAD TO PROPERTY TO STICK TO OTHER COMPONENTS TWISTED AT LEAST UNDER PRESSURE. THIS SON OF COPOLYAMIDES, KNOWN UNDER THE NAME OF "SEPARATION SON" PRESENT DURING THEIR USE AS SON BONDING, PROPERTIES IMPORTANT THAT ARE EFFECTIVE THAN IN CONDITIONS WELL DETERMINED, ESPECIALLY WHEN WE DO SUFFER IN TWISTED A HEAT TREATMENT AT A tEMPERATURE BETWEEN 70 AND 155C, EC HEAT TREATMENT WITH pREFERABLY THROUGH AT LEAST ONE DISCHARGE, AND DURING AT LEAST 30 MINUTES, FOR EXAMPLE BETWEEN 50 AND 140 MINUTES, THE TRANSACTION If ENGAGED IN PARTICULAR IN AUTOCLAVE. IN THIS RESPECT, IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT THE HEAT TREATMENT IS EXECUTED ON A TWISTED DRAWN IN PARTICULAR ON A TWISTED DRAWN UP ITS LIMIT TENSILE STRENGTH.


Two new triterpenoids, lawsowaseem and lawsoshamim, have been isolated from Lawsonia inermis and their structures established as 3β -hydroxy-24-p-E-coumaroyloxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, and 2-acetoxy-3β -hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid on the basis of spectral evidences, particularly 2D NMR studies.


mathematics in industrial engineering and Ph.D. in Leadership and Policy Studies Peabody College of Vanderbilt University. Teaching interests relate to the professional development of graduate engineering students and to leadership, policy, and change in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. Primary research projects explore the preparation of engineering doctoral students for careers in academia and industry and the development of engineering education assessment tools. is a NSF Faculty Early Career (CAREER) award winner and is a recipient of a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). Abstract An exploration of engineering doctoral education is needed for several reasons. First, the realignment of undergraduate curricula based on studies of employers' needs and expectations are common in undergraduate education (i.e., Engineer of 2020) (National Academy of Engineering, 2004). These types of studies are not usual in doctoral education but are needed for Ph.D. programs to respond to the changing environments in industry and academia. Second, it is important to differentiate the industrial and academic expectations of engineering Ph.D.s since, according to NSF (2008), 73.3% of engineering Ph.D.s obtained jobs in industry. Finally, there is little understanding about how graduate education facilitates students' acquisition of these attributes. In this study, eleven Ph.D.s were asked to describe the attributes for success as an engineering Ph.D., credentials expected for Ph.D. engineers working in academia and industry, and ways for institutions to develop these attributes among Ph.D.s. Related to attributes, the participants identified strong analytical skills, creativity, good communication skills, and multidisciplinary as valuable. The least commonly mentioned attributes were business management principles and adaptability. In comparing industry and academic expectations, leadership, teamwork, business management and communications skills were identified as important in industry. In academia, obtaining funding, teaching, and research were mentioned as most important. Finally, the participants felt as though the most important ways for institutions to help develop these attributes were to provide mentorship, facilitate research groups, and model behaviors. Future work based on these findings is also presented.


Introduction: Congenital lung malformations are rare at any age, the incidence is between 0.15% to 1.7%. Pulmonary sequestration is defined as a non-functional cystic lung tissue that has no communication with the normal bronchial tree and receives blood supply from anomalous systemic arteries, this anomaly was first described in l861. presents a case of extralobar pulmonary sequestration. Case report: A male patient aged 4 years admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment of pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula of the right middle lobe. He was treated as pneumonia and congenital lobar emphysema. His medical history included recurrent patterns of frequent lower respiratory tract infection. In plain chest X-ray study of admission showed right lung parahilar hyperaerated air. Elective thoracotomy was performed revealing an extralobar pulmonary sequestration of lower lobe. Abnormal systemic artery providing blood supply was paravertebral branch of the thoracic aorta. Discussion: pulmonary sequestration involves the lower lobe in 97% of cases. This case presented in the middle lobe, causes repetitive respiratory infection. When suspicion of pulmonary sequestration is recommended to make the diagnosis of chest CT, aortography and pulmonary angiography. Conclusion: Intra or extralobar pulmonary sequestration is a rare disease. We recommend early surgical resection should be conservative separating the normal lung parenchyma. Index words: Pneumonia; Pulmonary sequestration.


Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been successfully applied to self-healing concrete with improved mechanical properties, while the performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) incorporated with bacteria is still lacking. In this study, Sporosarcina pasteurii, which has a strong ability to produce calcium carbonate, was introduced into engineered cementitious composites (ECC) with mechanical properties analyzed in detail. A multiscale study including compression, tension and fiber pullout tests was carried out to explore the Sporosarcina pasteurii incorporation effect on ECC mechanical properties. Compared with the control group, the compressive strength of S.p.-ECC specimens cured for 7 days was increased by almost 10% and the regained strength after self-healing was increased by 7.31%. Meanwhile, the initial crack strength and tensile strength of S.p.-ECC increased by 10.25% and 12.68%, respectively. Interestingly, the crack pattern of ECC was also improved to some extent, e.g., bacteria seemed to minimize crack width. The addition of bacteria failed to increase the ECC tensile strain, which remained at about 4%, in accordance with engineering practice. Finally, matrix/fiber interface properties were altered in S.p.-ECC with lower chemical bond and higher frictional bond strength. The results at the microscopic scale explain well the property improvements of ECC composites based on the fine-scale mechanical theory.


Aiming at the problems that 3D optical measurement is easy to be affected by peripheral noise, difficult to calculate relative height and low measurement accuracy, a multi-frequency asynchronous phase shift algorithm based on time series changes was proposed. In order to improve the measurement accuracy and anti-interference ability of the system, five kinds of frequency grating projections were adopted. In order to improve the efficiency of phase undoing, the asynchronous phase shift method was used to extract the phase principal value. In view of the multi-frequency heterodyne phase solution method is prone to produce phase jump error, a phase jump error correction method based on threshold discrimination is proposed. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has better measurement accuracy than the original algorithm, and compared with the traditional multi-frequency heterodyne method, it has strong anti-interference ability and higher measurement accuracy.


Planning with partial observation, an area called contingent planning, is a complex and challenging problem since it requires to keep track of belief states to search for a contingent plan of actions. Recent approaches considers the agent's knowledge about the world to compile a contingent planning problem into a full observable planning problem, described in an epistemic logic language, and then use an efficcient full observable planner to solve the translated problem. In this paper we use the concept of relevance and causality to propose a new translation based in a structure called Causal Graph that can improve the belief tracking task of contingent Planning problems described in a more general planning language, in particular problems envolving actions with uncertainty on its conditional effects.


Electronic voltage transducers(EVTs) and electronic current transducers(ECTs) are substituting traditional electromagnetic potential transformers and current transformers.The EVTs and ECTs are interfaced by merging unit(MU) with protection device,so former data acquisition modes are thoroughly changed and new problems are brought into the design of protection devices.After the research on signal processing and conditioning based on EVT and ECT output,by means of phase locked loop(PLL) synchronous phase locked technique and interpolation based sampling calculation method,according to accurate frequency measurement algorithm the real-time adjustment of sampling frequency for digital interfacing with electronic transducers is realized.The results from theoretical analysis and engineering tests show that the proposed method can effectively implement accurate synchronous data acquisition from EVTs and ECTs as required.The proposed method can be applied in the developments and tests of various kinds of digital protection devices.


A new image matching algorithm model for aerial three line array digital images is proposed.Through this model,any images(more than 2) can be matched simultaneously and the epipolar line constraint can be used indirectly.This model can be used to merge the information of different stereo model to provide a final decision.Image occlusion is discussed and resolved in this paper.Based on the digital images obtained by ADS40 digital sensor,experiments were done.The experimental results prove that our algorithm model is effective and robust.Problems remaining to be studied are also presented at the end of this paper.


Endogenous proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors have been identified as important factors in the normal, and certain pathologic, restructuring of pulmonary tissue. This study evaluates these substances in the ventilated newborn. Sera was obtained from 10 ventilator dependent newborns. Total elastase activity and alpha-1 antitrypsin concentration were determined by radial diffusion technique. Total elastase inhibitory capacity was quantitated on elastin agar. Similar control assays were performed on 10 normal unventilated newborns. Differences were evaluated for significance by T-test.Total serum elastase activity was markedly elevated in the ventilator dependent newborn as compared to controls (2.51 ± 0.27 versus 1.91 ± 0.12 units/ml, p < 0.001). Alpha-1 antitrypsin content was slightly elevated in the ventilator dependent group (341 ± 31 versus 287 ± 57 ml/dl, p < 0.02). These alterations, however, were not associated with any significant change in total elastase inhibitory capacity (3.79 ± 2.17 versus 3.04 ± 1.18 units elastase inhibited per ml, p = 0.35).Ventilation in the newborn results in elevated circulating serum elastase levels. This is associated with an increased antiproteolytic concentration (alpha-1 antitrypsin) but no significant change in total serum antiprotease activity. These alterations in proteolytic-antiproteolytic homeostasis may play a role in ventilation induced pulmonary changes in the neonate.


Abstract: Roseland is a two-row spring hulless food barley (Hordeum vulgare L. f. sp. nuda) cultivar developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Brandon Research and Development Centre in Brandon, MB. It is adapted across all regions of western Canada. Roseland has improved lodging resistance, higher test weight, and better threshability than check cultivar Millhouse and similar flour quality characteristics to Falcon barley. Roseland is resistant to several important barley diseases, including stem rust (Rpg1 gene) and surface-borne smuts.


Accrual models related to EM have been variously criticised for being biased and producing discretionary and noisy estimates. This study aims to investigate the influence of corporate strategy on earnings management (EM). Through Revenue Models modified from Stubben (2010) - expenses models and accrual models - it is shown that the strategy orientation has an influence on earnings management behaviour. In particular, the exercise based on revenue models and accrual Dechow-Dichev models has demonstrated that companies driven by innovation are more likely to succeed at EM, whereas the application of expenses models, Jones accrual models, as well as the modified Jones models has suggested that companies with a stronger orientation towards efficiency companies also tend to engage in EM.


In terms of "How to construct the Party", the Communist Party of China created the successful experience of constructing the vanguard of the working class in the phase of Yan'an when the non_worker elements constituted the majority in the Party. This experience was gained by admitting the Party members mainly by adhering to such basic standards as "being willing to struggle for the stand of the Communist Party", "constructing the Party largely in ideology" and solving conspicuous problems in ideology and style by means of "rectification", and trying whole_heartedly to train "leading cadres both with ability and with political integrity". From the angle of "partial government", the Party in the phase of Yan'an founded a power system of more extensive representativity and capable of strengthening the Party's position as the Government in the revolutionary bases by setting the Shaanxi_Gansu_Ningxia Border Region as the model and "guide of the national political democracy". Besides, it accumulated the experience of administering the country and people by intensifying honest and clean government and regarding "rewarding the people with material" as the leading work so that the people can obtain "visible material welfare". From the view of "the Three Representings", the Party in the phase of Yan'an developed a new theory of Chinese_edition Marxism by concentrating on the study of the realistic questions in Chinese revolution, laid down the line and principal policy by maintaining an accurate control over the national conditions and change of the situation and integrating the long_range objectives and realistic tasks to be fulfilled, and shaped the basic experience of "representing the interests of the Chinese nation and the Chinese people" by consolidating the tie between the Party and the masses through the leading method of following the mass line. All these kinds of experience focus on the one point, viz., always maintaining the Party's advancedness. The experience of the Party construction in the phase of Yan'an ignites a deep enlightenment on answering well the question of "How to construct the Party" in the new era to the requirements of "the Three Representings".mainlybyadherin


Pdf del poster original presentado en tamano din A0 en el CERN Workshop on Innovations in Scholarly Communication (OAI11) posters session. The main theme of this edition was: Open Science: Its impact and potential as a driver for a radical change


Design equations and design procedures are derived for components and waveform parameters of the loss-less voltage-clamped class E amplifier with a transformer and a diode. A step-by-step design procedure is shown with a numerical example. The simulation verification for an example circuit is presented. Simulation and experimental results are given to show how the parasitic elements change the waveforms in real situations.


Random mobility and energy constraint are two main factors affecting system performance in mobile sensor networks, which cause many difficulties to system design. It is necessary to develop high-efficiency algorithms and protocols for mobile sensor networks to adapt to dynamic network environment and energy limitation. In this paper, a new clustering algorithm based on residual energy difference ratio is presented to improve system performance. Firstly, it is an energy-efficient algorithm. The residual energy of sensor nodes and average residual energy of system are considered in the residual energy difference ratio, which effectively avoid the nodes with low residual energy being selected as cluster heads. An energy-optimal scheme is used in cluster formation phase to minimize energy consumption. Secondly, it is a dynamic algorithm. The system dynamically clusters the sensor nodes according to the data transmission delays. It makes the whole system adapt to the random mobility of sensor nodes. The NS2 software is used to simulate the new clustering algorithm. The simulation experiments can verify the validity of the proposed theory.


In secondary aluminium alloys iron is the main detrimental impurity. It forms intermetallic phases which have lamellar shape, high brittleness and weak crystallographic conformity with the matrix. In the work the influence of intermetallic phases on the initiation and propagation of microcracks, mechanical and service properties of aluminium alloys has been investigated.


Decarbonization policies worldwide encourage the use of renewable energy to generate electricity and electrify transport. In line with these policies, the use of energy storage systems in electric vehicles can support the integration of renewable energy as a resource called V2G (vehicle to grid). This system of equipment has a problem because the energy it produces can't be directly injected back into the grid. An essential element of the V2G system is the bidirectional converter which can charge and discharge EV batteries. Research related to bidirectional converters has been developed a lot. One of these converter topologies that have a wide output voltage range and smaller current ripple is the H-bridge bidirectional converter. In addition to the type of converter topology that must be selected, a current control method that can respond to dynamic changes quickly, accurately, and is simple to implement is also very important. Using fuzzy logic, this research aims to control the DC-DC current converter with adaptive hysteresis bandwidth. On the other hand, the adaptive HB variable is expected to limit MOSFET performance at high and irregular frequencies that make switching losses and frequency noise. To improve the quality of the output current, frequencies are limited. Simulations were conducted using PSIM and co-simulation with Simulink to validate the proposed control performance. The results show fuzzy logic is a good method to make an HB adaptive and the frequencies were around $9.23 k H z \leq f \leq 9.49 k H z$. It is very possible to make the microcontroller and MOSFET work according to the work frequency capabilities.


This paper describes the blind channel equalization for constant modulus algorithm mathematical model and principle. Focusing on the CMA blind equalization slow convergence and convergence error, the paper analyzes and simulates recent years' constant modulus algorithm and improved algorithm based on residual error and leak CMA nonlinear transformation algorithm. The results show that, compared with the constant modulus algorithm improved algorithm can improve the convergence speed.


Previous research on the use of sensitive ground-fault interrupting devices on mine utilization systems to improve personnel safety is reviewed. The problems associated with the application of sensitive ground-fault protection (voltage and current considerations, transients, external-flux interference, common-mode currents, harmonics, and leakage currents) are then presented and analyzed. Based upon this information, an experimental approach to sensitive ground-fault interrupting-device evaluation is outlined and the results of conducting these tests on five existing ground-fault interrupters are summarized. This research was supported by U.S. Bureau of Mines Contract J0113009 to The Pennsylvania State University with Mr. D. Ambrose and Mr. M. Yenchek acting as technical project officers.


. Literacy competence is essential so that Indonesian human resources can compete. And 21st-century skills that students must have, namely collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and creativity (4C). The purpose of this development research is to improve the literacy and 4C skills of SD Muhammadiyah Sudagaran Wonosobo students by using thematic learning tools in the form of Smart Paper Engineering (Smart-Pen) Thematic Media based on the (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, Create) RADEC Model. The research model used is ADDIE(Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) which was developed by Dick and Carry. Based on the hypothesis that the SMART-PEN thematic media design with the RADEC model is valid and effective in training elementary school students' 4C skills. The results of the research on Smart Paper Engineering (Smart-Pen) Thematic Media Development Using the Radec Model to Train Critical Thinking Skills students got a score of 87.10% with very good criteria for developing critical thinking and 80.65% training creative thinking with good criteria. The impact of Smart-Pen for students are 1) Students have critical thinking skills; 2) Students are more enthusiastic about learning; 3) Students can become creative directors and find specifications for in-depth learning media; 4) Learners can innovate; 5) as a reference and development media for teachers in conducting learning 6) Smart-pen is effectively used in training critical and creative thinking skills.


Objective:To explore the effect of long-term progressive aerobic exercise on activity of myocardial antioxidant enzyme and the mitochondria morphology in aged female rats.Materials and methods:30 18-months-old female SD rats were randomly divided into aged control group and aged exercise group,and 15 3-months-old female SD rats were as young control group.20 weeks progressive aerobic treadmill exercise was applied to establish animal model of aerobic exercise.Activity of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT and content of MDA in myocardial tissue were tested,and mitochondria was observed using transmission electron microscope.Results:Progressive aerobic exercise can significantly increase myocardial SOD,GSH-Px activity,significantly decrease myocardial MDA content.Meanwhile regular progressive aerobic exercise can delay degenerative change of structure in myocardial mitochondria caused by aging.Conclusion:(1) Regular aerobic exercise can improve myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity,decrease MDA content,protect myocardial tissue caused by aging free radical damage,and delay senescence in cardiac muscle of old rats,(2) Long-term regular aerobic exercise can improves structure of myocardial mitochondria in aged rats,protect the mitochondrial membrane and the integrity of the mitochondrialcristae,delay the degenerative change of mitochondria by aging.


A study of the interaction between mobile phone antennas and a human head in the presence of different types of metallic objects, attached and pierced to the compressed ear, is presented in this article. Computed and measured results have been performed by considering a quasi‐half‐wavelength dipole as the radiating source and measurements with the DASY4 dosimetric assessment system. Two different human head models have been implemented: a homogeneously shaped sphere and a three‐level head model with four different kinds of tissue. Antenna input impedance, reflection coefficient, radiation patterns, SAR distribution, absorbed power, and peak SAR values have been computed and measured for diverse scenarios, electromagnetic simulators, and organs. Despite the measuring accuracy limitations of the study, both simulated and measured results suggest that special attention has to be paid to peak SAR averaged values when wearing metallic objects close to the radiation source, since some increment of peak SAR averaged values is expected. Bioelectromagnetics 27:337–353, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Heian dynasty of Japan(Ac 794—1200) was the most flourishing epoch on the history of Japan literature.The women writers at that time were so vibrancy that it had become an infrequency phenomenon on the history of world literature.Why it happened? This paper investigated the reasons with the following three aspects:political bacckground,cross-culture background and popular literature format of that age.Especially,the paper paid much attention to the relationship between regency kampaku politics and women's literature.The conclusions included that the regency kampaku polity catalyzed the naissance of women's literature on the age of Heian dynasty.It showed profoundly that how politics combined with literature at ancient Japan in a very amazing way.


In several countries, majority of food by product or food waste is produced by households, while approximately 39% losses occur in the food manufacturing industry where approximately 14% in food service sector and the other remaining 5% in retail and distribution. A large number of food by-products or food waste are increasing recently due to several reasons. This situation will cause serious environmental problems and will cause economic losses if the food by-product is not utilized. The way to solve this problem is to improve the economic value by valorization of food by-products. Unfortunately, after the juice production, the pomace as a by-product is not utilized completely. Tropical fruit production, trade, and consumption will increase since the domestic and also the international market will increase in the future. Several tropical fruits that have been widely used for juice making are passion fruit, citrus, orange, star fruit, etc. During the juice making, the by-product is commonly discarded and not fully utilized, especially in developing countries like in Indonesia. Several by-products of tropical fruits still contain high levels of various health enhancing substances that can be extracted from the by-products, and can be used as a raw material for nutraceutical, nutritional and also for further purposes. The purpose of the research was to study the application of valorization of tropical fruits pomace as a source of bioactive compounds, enzyme recovery and also for functional product development.


The CollabLogger is a visual tool that has been developed to support usability analyses of human-computer interaction in a team environment. The participants in the computer-mediated activity were engaged in a small-scale manufacturing testbed project. Interactions of the group were mediated by Teamwave Workplace and the members performed both synchronous and asynchronous activities depending on their availability, project requirements, and due to chance meetings in the collaborative space. The software was instrumented to log users' interactions with the system and each other. The CollabLogger addresses the problem of helping investigators analyze the volumes of log data that groupware tools can generate. Visual tools are powerful when large amounts of diverse data present themselves. The place-based collaboration environment offered by Teamwave Workplace provided a level of organization that allowed us to create a visual interface with which to perform exploratory sequential data analysis.


In Their Own Words chronicles the stories of scientists who have made great contributions to their fields, particularly within the biological sciences. These short oral histories provide our readers a way to learn from and share their experiences. Each month, we will publish in the pages of BioScience and in our podcast, BioScience Talks (http://bioscienceaibs.libsyn.com), the results of these conversations. This oral history is with Joel Cracraft, curator in the Department of Ornithology at the American Museum of Natural History. He previously served as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Note: Both the text and audio versions have been edited for clarity and length.


Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based image recognition has shown significant progress in recent years. It has achieved state-of-art results in field of pattern recognition. The proposed work uses convolutional network for Hindi handwritten character recognition. In traditional CNN, the raw images are fed as input to the network, which along with relevant information also contain redundant data. This redundant data makes feature extraction complex and increases the training time of the network. To improve the feature learning capacity of CNN, this work integrates wavelets and convolutional network for recognizing Hindi characters. The wavelet coefficients in three directions i.e. horizontal, vertical and diagonal are extracted from raw images and fed as input to the network. These coefficients are trained independently on different networks and the extracted features are merged at dense layer. The proposed framework outperforms the traditional CNN as demonstrated by experiments. It achieves significant results in much lesser time as compared to traditional CNN.


The announcement in January 1974 by the American Association of Sex Educators and Counselors (AASEC) of a plan for the certification of sex educators marks a stage in the development of the field that has set off both dialogue and debate. The issues of certification in this field are fraught with complications of fuzzy definitions, professional jealousy, and lack of centralized authority. What is important is that the issues be discussed, debated if need be. So let's begin. Sex education and counseling as fields of professional concern have seen tremendous growth in the last decade. Programs, courses, symposia, workshops, and conferences at all levels of education, formal and informal, have proliferated. As a movement, sex education has had its critics, but there is little question that schools, colleges, social agencies, the mass media, and the general public have accepted the concept that sexuality is too important to be left to the secretive approaches of the past, which were too often a cover for ignorance or embarrassment.


We recently setup a high energy, tunable, injection seeded Ti:Sapphire laser source whose implementation was reported in [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 033102 (2007)]. The analysis of the spectral linewidth has demonstrated that the pulses were time Fourier-transform limited. The present paper reports on the modeling of this source with the aim of understanding the energy conversion in the injected as well as in the free run regimes. The experimental lasing threshold, output energy, slope efficiencies, buildup time, and pulse duration are compared to the analytical solution obtained by solving the laser rate equations. The developed model deals with the spatial dependence of the photon and population inversion densities, the physical properties of the Ti:Sa medium, and the unstable resonator (based on a super-Gaussian output coupler). The energy-related as well as the temporal features are discussed. The use of a squared asymmetrical hyperbolic secant function to describe the temporal pulse shapes is justified. The pulse durations exhibit a simple analytical shape when they are plotted versus the output pulse energy. The model is applied to experimental data obtained at different wavelengths by tuning the laser amplifier previously described. It can readily be applied to other pulsed Ti:Sapphire sources.


BACKGROUND
 Hip fracture surgeries are associated with considerable blood loss, while the perioperative coagulopathy is associated with the bleeding risk of these patients. We aimed to evaluate the ability of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to detect patients at high risk for excessive bleeding and increased transfusion requirements.

METHODS
 We conducted a prospective observational study of 221 patients who underwent hip fracture surgeries. ROTEM analysis was performed preoperatively and immediately postoperatively. Blood loss parameters including blood loss volume, number of transfused red blood cell (RBC) units, and drop in hemoglobin levels were recorded. ROTEM parameters were compared between patients with and without excessive bleeding, and between patients with and without increased transfusion requirements (i.e., ≥2 RBC units).

RESULTS
 The postoperative FIBTEM MCF value ≤15 mm had 66.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.7-74.1%) sensitivity and 92.0% (95% CI: 80.7-97.7%) specificity to prognose excessive bleeding, and preoperative FIBTEM MCF value ≤15 mm had 80.4% (95% CI: 73.5-86.2%) sensitivity and 91.2% (95% CI: 80.7-97.0%) specificity to prognose increased transfusion requirements. Preoperative FIBTEM MCF ≤11 mm and postoperative FIBTEM MCF ≤15 mm were associated with considerably increased risks of excessive bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 44.8, 95% CI: 16.5-121.3, p < 0.001; and OR: 23.0, 95% CI: 7.8-67.0, p < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION
 ROTEM parameters demonstrated high prognostic accuracy for excessive bleeding and increased transfusion requirements. This can enable implementation of blood sparing strategies in high-risk patients, while blood banks could be better prepared to ensure adequate blood supply.


Although lattice Yang-Mills theory on finite subgraphs of $\mathbb Z^d$ is easy to rigorously define, the construction of a satisfactory continuum theory on $\mathbb R^d$ is a major open problem when $d \geq 3$. Such a theory should in some sense assign a Wilson loop expectation to each suitable finite collection $\mathcal L$ of loops in $\mathbb R^d$. One classical approach is to try to represent this expectation as a sum over surfaces with boundary $\mathcal L$. There are some formal/heuristic ways to make sense of this notion, but they typically yield an ill-defined difference of infinities. In this paper, we show how to make sense of Yang-Mills integrals as surface sums for $d=2$, where the continuum theory is more accessible. Applications include several new explicit calculations, a new combinatorial interpretation of the master field, and a new probabilistic proof of the Makeenko-Migdal equation.