'Dark Dreams: Australian Refugee Stories by Young Writers aged 11-20 Years', which is considered as one of the most original literary attempts made to grapple with the overwhelming number of often untold and nameless refugee stories in Australia, is discussed. Two short texts which cover the war and migration zones of Vietnam and Afghanistan, and are biographical accounts which differ in genre and style are considered for discussion.


Two key issues must be seriously considered in tennis doubles, one is the matching rules,and the other is the application of tactics.The players should applicued different tactics according to different conditions.The author researched some laws In application of doubles considering with the toss、the stations、the tactics of both to net and tactics of snatch behind the net. Only the players familiared with these tactics,then they can improve the skill and win the game.


By using exonuclease I and biobarcode nanoparticles, we describe a novel background current reduction strategy for amplified electrochemical detection of uropathogen specific sequences at ultralow concentrations.


The stabilization of organic matter in soil by interaction with aluminium (Al) or allophane is important in maintaining soil quality, and in retarding the decomposition of soil organic matter. Complexation of Al by soil organic matter may also ameliorate Al toxicity. Here we use 13C‐NMR spectroscopy to assess the interaction of soil organic matter with both Al and allophane in two poorly drained podzols containing only trace amounts of iron. The 13C‐NMR spectrum of the subsoil of the allophane‐rich One Tree Point podzol shows an intense peak at 179 p.p.m., assigned to carbon in carboxylic acids. This peak shifts to 177 p.p.m. after removal of allophane (11% of the soil mass) by treatment with HF. We infer that the carboxyl groups in the organic matter are bonded to structural Al on the surface of allophane spherules. In the non‐allophanic Te Kopuru podzol, on the other hand, the organic matter apparently interacts with Al ions in the soil solution. This soil also has more aromatic carbon and fewer carbons in carboxyl and carbohydrate structures than the allophanic sample. There is an indication that allophane stabilizes carbohydrate groups as well as carboxyl groups.


This paper proposes to use a package sales strategy when providing commercial banking services to various businesses. Despite the fact that this strategy is widespread in the field of trade, services, etc., the banks use it only in the settlement services. The authors suggest to use the criteria describing specifics of a particular business as a basis for package formation. The authors believe that the package sales do not involve additional discounts besides those already offered by commercial banks, thus, this strategy doesn''t reduce the banks' revenue.


We investigate η-η ′ mixing in infrared regularized U (3) chiral perturbation theory by calculating the η and η ′ masses up to one-loop order. From this analysis it becomes obvious that even at leading order η-η ′ mixing does not obey the usually assumed one-mixing angle scheme if large N c counting rules are not employed.


Abstract After detailing the history of television in Iceland, the article looks at the use of the media field for education, and the curriculum which has been published for primary schools. It then looks to the future of media education in primary schools in Iceland.


One of the static test methods is the static code analysis, which is used for analyzing the source code by specific tools, without running the code. This method tries to detect possible code vulnerabilities by different techniques including data analysis and flow analysis. Static code analysis contains limitations, one of which is the vulnerability report if it is not. This paper focus is on reducing these false reports, which have been dealt with in many ways. The proposed method is to have a list of code analysis rules and to examine for each context the rules in that context, as a result of which all the rules are not analyzed by the code analyzer. For instance, for security analysis, we just focus on security rules, not design or other rules. Therefore, the error messages are reduced by applying filters to the entire rules.


With new data from the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) study, these authors aimed to refine their estimate of the degree to which


The French Navy's finest hour began in the seventeenth century, when Colbert became the Prime Minister and decided to improve the national shipyards. Despite poor starting conditions, the results of Colbert's efforts led France to be one of the major players in the struggle for naval power. In that moment, the European shipbuilding had a changing in construction techniques mostly in warships. In France, this changing also involved vessels aesthetics. Indeed, shipwrights' tasks were not only to build ships with great naval skills, but vessels had also to be aesthetically striking and eye-catching in order to show at the world the Roy Soleil's power and wealth. Many vessels were built in that style and the Royal Louis was one of the largest vessels built in 1668 at the Toulon. With particular attention to the Royal Louis, the essay aims to analyze several aspects of the world surrounding those floating masterpieces.


This article discussed questions concerning about teacher and education work conceptions as an attempt to establish the identity of the Pedagogy course by means of a project in which knowledge production and professionnalization should not be separated from the teacher's education process


Taking a 400 t/h tangentially fired boiler as an example,numerical simulation was carried out to the combustion process respectively at the coal bias, air-staged and combined coal bias air-staged three modes using Fluent 6.3 software, so as to analyse the influence of the coal rich/lean ratio on emission of NO_x and soot.Results show that compared with the original working condition,12.6% NO_x emission is reduced at the coal bias combustion mode,while more soot produced;whereas at the combined mode of coal bias air-staged combustion,NO_x emission first reduces with growing rich/lean ratio,then becomes relatively stable when the rich/lean ratio gets above 5.Simultaneously,soot emission first rises,then reduces with growing rich/lean ratio,and the minimum ash emission occurs at the ratio of 3-5.At the combined mode,NO_x emission can be reduced up to 27.6%,while the soot emission also reduced.This may serve as a reference for future retrofit of boilers.


The economic value of adaptation to climate impact on renewable resources is examined using the UniSyD_IS model of Iceland's energy system. The model captures the entire energy system including interactions among supply sectors, energy markets, infrastructure and fuel demand. In this framework, climate adaptation options are evaluated in the context of a rational decision making process. Comparison of two scenarios with and without climate impact on hydro and biomass resources reflects the direct and indirect economic effects of adaptation strategies and provides insights for generation and energy supply investment planning. The simulation results show that the adaptation to climate change in Iceland leads to higher installed capacities for hydro, biodiesel, and bioethanol plants with lower supply costs. The findings indicate that the adaptation of energy supply to climate change could provide net benefits from an energy supply perspective.


Competitiveness is one of the important factors of sustainable development of enterprise economy. Sustainable economic development economic structure characterizes a complex system of indicators, reflecting the dynamics of economic growth, strengthen financial condition and increase of efficiency of use of the entire set and each type of resource, performance during the reporting period, obligations to employees, other businesses and government. The article identifies the main factors affecting the stability of development of economy of the enterprise, highlighted that sustainable development is a process of change in which resource use, investment, trends of technical development and change of the institutions are implemented in harmony, thereby increasing the potential to meet the needs and aspirations of man.


Many engineering geologists and geological engineers have a vested interest in the broad spectrum of professional activities that constitute "rock engineering." Important contributions to this greater body of knowledge have been provided by the fine, worldwide efforts of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) over the past 34 years. While much of the published literature in the field is and has been theoretical, perhaps the larger part is of direct interest and use to practitioners. This long-needed revised compendium of the suggested methods for gathering site information of use to engineers designing structures on and in rock stands at the top of the list of useful technical literature in rock engineering.

The history of this effort is remarkable in itself. ISRM work products have historically been generated by its internal "commissions" as appointed by the leadership directorate, which are designed to bring forth practical solutions to recognized rock engineering data and methods needs. ISRM was founded in 1962, by Prof. Dr. Leopold Mueller of Karlsruhe University, then West Germany, who chose to release the Rock Testing Commission findings as separate papers (1974–1981) that have appeared in the International …


In this paper, an efficient CDR(Clock and Data Recovery Circuits) using 1/4-rate clock based on dual-interpolator is proposed. Each CDR are supplied with the same number of 1/4-rate clocks from a clock generator as in 1/2-rate clock method. In order to maintain the number of clocks supplied additional clocks are internally generated using only inverters. Thus, the reduction of the clock frequency helps relax the speed limitation and power dissipation when higher data rate transfer is demanded.


A method for eye gaze measurement is presented for the intended purpose of alcohol induced Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus detection. The method uses two pupil locating techniques on two still images, followed by geometric estimation to perform initial facial feature estimation. Laplacian-of-Gaussian filtering in scale-space is used to locate the pupil center on an image where the eye is centered, and gradient techniques are used to locate the pupil when the eye is not centered. After the initial geometric estimation, template matching techniques are used for video frame registration, and integral projection techniques combined with one dimensional template matching are used for fast, real-time gaze measurement. The method is designed to require minimal computation on video frames, and is tailored for use on a mobile device platform. A test implementation on a PC, using prerecorded video data, successfully tracks a noisy sinusoidal eye gaze with a mean error of approximately 11 percent.


Objective To evaluate the value of E-cadherin identifying the carcinoma cells in body cavity effusions.Methods Paraffin-embedded cell blocks from 62 cases of malignant effusions and 22 cases of mesothelial hyperplasia effusions were examined with E-cadherin,BerEP4,CEA,Calretinin and Desmin immunocytochemically.The sensitivity and specificity of these antibodies for carcinoma cells or mesothelial cells were calculated,respectively.62 cases of malignant effusions were composed of 53 cases of carcinoma effusions(including non-small cell lung carcinoma 29,small cell lung carcinoma 2,breast carcinoma 5,gastric carcinoma 4,large intestine 3,hepatic carcinoma 1,esophagus carcinoma 3,pancreatic carcinoma 1, ovary carcinoma 4 and cervical carcinoma 1),4 cases of non-carcinoma effusions(including lymphoma 2,myeloma 1 and melanoma 1) and 5 cases of effusions with unknown histogenesis.Results The positive rates of E-cadherin in 62 malignant effusions and in 53 carcinoma effusions were(85.5)%(53/62) and(88.7)%,respectively.E-cadherin was positive in all cases of effusions from breast,esophagus,large intestine and ovary.The sensitivity of E-cadherin,BerEP4 and CEA for carcinoma cells were(88.7)%,(79.2)% and(67.9)%,respectively.The specificity of E-cadherin,BerEP4 and CEA for carcinoma cells were(96.2)%,100% and(92.3)%,respectively.The sensitivity of Calretinin and Desmin for mesothelial cells were 100% and 91%.The specificity of Calretinin and Desmin for mesothelial cells were(94.7)% and 100%.Conclusions E-cadherin is a sensitive and specific mark for identifying carcinoma cells in body cavity effusions,and can be used as a member of antibody panel for differential diagnosis of effusions.


Plants allow their offspring to escape unfavourable local conditions through seed dispersal. Whether plants use this strategy to escape herbivores is not well understood. Here, we explore how different Taraxacum officinale populations modify seed dispersal in response to root herbivore attack by Melolontha melolontha in the field. Root herbivore attack increases seed dispersal potential through a reduction in seed weight in populations that have evolved under high root herbivore pressure, but not in populations that have evolved under low pressure. This increase in dispersal potential is associated with reduced germination, suggesting that adapted plants trade dispersal for establishment. Analysis of vegetative growth parameters suggests that increased dispersal is not the result of stress flowering. These results suggest that root herbivory selects for genotypes that increase their dispersal ability in response to herbivore attack.


Consequence of failure (COF) estimation is a vital part of risk assessment and is practiced in various industries. In pipeline integrity managing systems, the COF basically consist of people, asset, environmental and reputation loss. Environmental consequence assessment for offshore pipeline in Malaysia is considered very general due to negligence of local factors. Moreover, the expert judgment as an internal stakeholder is very simple in the assessment as it does not consider the impact on the external stakeholders. Thus, this paper aimed to identify the environmental loss indicators for offshore spillage from tanker worldwide. A comprehensive environmental loss are crucial to be identified as a part of enhancing the accuracy of operating pipeline risk assessment in Malaysia with the involvement of external stakeholders. Hence the operator can choose the best maintenance strategy with optimum cost by ensuring the pipeline integrity is not neglected.


Vanillin was used to synthesize cationic monomers from the amine group with a tertiary amine. It has both an amine and an aldehyde group. For that, it helps graft to form Schiff base with amino acid-like tryptophan. It is abbreviated by {2-[(diethylamino) methyl]-4-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl acrylate} DEAMVA and evaluated by, e.g., 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT IR results were compared with the chemical structure elevated good agreement. 10 and 25 mol % of vanillin monomer was copolymerized with (S). The copolymers of poly (S-co-DEAMVA) were investigated by 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The grafting with tryptophan has also been modified and exposed to the same investigation methods; further, UV/Vis spectroscopy has designated the pH responsiveness. The study aims to improve the general characterization of polystyrene and produce functional pH-responsive polymer for graft biological molecules in the future.


The flexibility and cash outflow certainties make option contracts one of the most favored instruments for hedging purposes. Among various option-based strategies, protective put and covered call have been very popular. However, not much work has been carried out to check the relative hedging performance of covered call and protective put strategies. Moreover, research has remained largely limited to developed markets. This study compares the hedging performance of covered call and protective put strategies by utilizing total returns index for S&P CNX Nifty as a stock portfolio and hedging the same through options available on S&P CNX Nifty. It was found that both covered call and protective strategies could outperform a simple buy and hold portfolio on risk adjusted basis. Specifically, portfolio with 5% ITM short call and portfolio with 2% ITM long put had superior performance. On comparison, protective put strategy outperforms the covered call strategy both in terms of hedging effectiveness and risk adjusted returns. After adjusting for non-normality also, the portfolio with 2% ITM put option offered the best statistics.


The environmental challenge that threatens our very existence on earth can be dealt with only by facing head-on the equally daunting challenge of unequal, hierarchical and exploitative human social relations. The sustainability of development is confronted by large scale environmental transformations that characterize our era. At the most fundamental level it affects our very ability to appreciate the crisis and the nature of the problem. Even when we do perceive the problem, it influences the kinds of solutions that emerge and hinder the development of long term sustainable visions. Human Development Report of 2011 suggests a disturbing recent trend reversal. Past Reports have shown that living standards in most countries have been rising and converging for several decades now. Yet the 2011 Report projects a disturbing reversal of those trends if environmental deterioration and social inequalities continue to intensify, with the least developed countries diverging downwards from global patterns of progress by 2050. The Report shows further how the world's most disadvantaged people suffer the most from environmental degradation, including in their immediate personal environment, and disproportionately lack political power to do anything about it.


The new corporation law provides the relatively systematic and perfect protection system for the creditor in the one-person company.Since the one-person company doesn't have such following characteris- tics:the diversity of the shareholders and the traditional controlling mechanism in which there are three separa- ted fights,makes the management structure of corporate body have the defects of"variability".Meantime,the high requirement of the register capital and severe auditing and account system become the obstacle to the launch of one-person company,and decreases the value of the system.In the way of the denying system of the corpo- ration,we can control from the"backwards",namely modify the defects from the structure of the management, operation activity and so on,in order to realize the systematic value.


The information structure categories of Contrastive Topic and Contrastive Focus are examined to see their crucial roles in polarity and (conventional) implicature generation and implicature suspension and their respective correlatins with PA and SN conjunctions on one hand and descriptive (denotational) negation and metalinguistic negation on the other. The underlying notion of concessivity involved in both Contrastive Topic and Concessive and thereby derived scalarity are exemplified. Their role in quantifiers and quantifier positions on the Square of Opposition are also investigated. So far the role of information structure has not been duly entertained in the semantics and/or pragmatics of implicature and polarity or rather in the "border war" (Horn in this volume) between the two. Korean, English and some crosslinguistic data are employed to seek general principles.


A molecular-field approximation for a granular Heisenberg magnet with quantum vector spins S is developed; the approximation permits one to describe the temperature evolution of a granular magnetic system beginning from the appearance of a local ferromagnetic ordering (i.e., superparamagnetic state) in granules, inside which the magnetic atoms are coupled by strong intragranular exchange interaction, to the formation of a global low-temperature long-range ferromagnetic order of spontaneous magnetic moments of granules due to weak intergranular interactions.


Oxide mixture ZnO-MoO3 (1:1) was modified by mechanochemical (during 2, 4 and 8 hours in air) and sonochemical (1 hr in water solution) treatments. The properties of obtained samples were studied by means of XRD, IR-spectroscopy, BET, DTA-TG, SEM methods. It was shown, that both kinds of treatments lead to the change of oxides crystalline structure, their surface morphology, porous structure and decrease particle size. The formation β-ZnMoO4 in the milling process and β-Мо8О23 at ultrasonic effect it was found.


In recent years, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been successfully applied to generate the SAR images. However, due to the fact that it is more difficult to generate the images than to distinguish the real or fake, GANs usually suffer from the problems of unstable training and mode collapse. As such, a residual and attention-based generative adversarial network (RAGAN) is proposed for SAR data augmentation. Firstly, the directional bounding box is used as a constraint in the RAGAN to limit the position of ship in the generated SAR image, which can be further set as the annotation of the SAR image for ship detection directly. After that, inspired by the residual and attention learning, a residual and attention block (RABlock) and a transposed RABlock (TRABlock) are designed to improve the generator of the RAGAN, thus preventing the whole model from gradient vanishing and suppressing the effects of speckle noise and background to enhance the quality of the generated SAR images. Experimental results on the HRSID data set demonstrate the effectiveness of our RAGAN model in SAR data augmentation for ship detection.


In this paper, we present a spherical mobile robot BYQ_III, for planetary surface exploration and security tasks. The driving torque for the rolling robot is generated by a new type of mechanism equipped with a counter-pendulum. This robot is nonholonomic in nature, and underactuated. In this paper, the three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear dynamic model is developed, then decoupled to the longitudinal and lateral motions by linearization. Two sliding-mode controllers are proposed to asymptotically stabilize the tracking errors in lean angle and spinning angular velocity, respectively, and indirectly to stabilize the desired path curvature, because the robot steers only by leaning itself to a predefined angle. For the task of path following, a path curvature controller, based on a geometrical notion, is employed. The stability and performance analyses are performed, and also the effectiveness of the controllers is shown by numerical simulations. To the best of author's knowledge, similar results could not be obtained in the previous spherical robot control system based on the dynamics. The work is of significance in understanding and developing this type of planning and controlling motions of nonholonomic systems.


This research was mainly conducted to explore the current working situation, working pressures, and level of satisfaction of dentist assistants in the Kaohsiung, Pingtung, and Penghu areas of Taiwan. The researchers sent 1778 questionnaires to dental assistants in these areas in 2003, and 710 of them were returned, for a return rate of 39.9%. As to the results, 51 .5% had an educational background of less than senior high school or vocational school. The average age was 27.04±5.82 years old, and the average number of hours worked per week was 45.54±7.75 hours. In addition, the average number of years worked was 3.79±3.72 years. Those with higher levels of work satisfaction had the following characteristics: had an inferior educational background, had graduated from other departments, worked part-time, had a fixed working schedule, worked at the unit with a clear explanation of their work responsibilities, joined courses for certification and credit, read magazines related to the dental field, had 3.-6 years of work experience in the dental department, had regular holidays on weekends, had a monthly salary of >NT$35,001, and worked in a clinic. The ones with severer working pressure had the following characteristics: worked full-time, worked in shifts, held in-service training sessions, joined courses for assistants for certification and credit, did not read magazines related to the dental field, and worked in the dental department of a group practice. The conclusions of the research were as follows: the working pressure of dentist assistants is high but so is the work satisfaction, and many of them were unwilling to leave their jobs, which means that they possess a positive attitude toward their work.


Biogas is a renewable energy source that is now being developed as an alternative energy source for LPG replacement. Biogas is usually made from animal and organic wastes. Some of the advantages of biogas are reducing the dependence of LPG gas usage, reducing the influence of greenhouse gases, reducing waste, relatively safer from fire hazards, and of course the cost is also very cheap. The aim of this research is to know the effect of slurry composition, addition of cow dung cosubstrat, and addition of effective microorganism (EM4) on the methane gas (CH4) and water vapor (H2O), biogas volume, and flame on the production of biogas. The stages in the research were adding slurry with cow dung cosubstrat and mixing them with 1%, 3%, and 5% variations of addition of EM4. From the research conducted in temperature 28oC and 1 atm pressure, the best result was the addition of EM4 5%, with the following details: the methane gas yield obtained was 55.84% while for the carbon dioxide gas was 34.10%. the volume produced was 400 liters and the color of the fire was blue.


Previous studies suggested that NUAK1/ARK5 participated in the invasion and metastasis in breast cancer and glioma,but the molecular mechanism remains elusive.For the first time,we report that NUAK1 induces breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis though affecting F-actin polymerization in breast cancer cells.siRNA plasmid was used to transfect MDA-MB-231 cells.G418 was used to screen cell clones stably expressing NUAK1.Western blot was carried out to detect NUAK1 expression and the phosphorylation of cofilin in breast cancer cells with IGF-1 stimulation.The results showed the successful knockdown NUAK1 in MDA-MB-231 cells.Transwell invasion system was used to detect the role of NUAK1 in invasion of breast cancer and the results showed that the invasive capacity was lower in SiNUAK1/MDA-231cells.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect F-actin polymerization.The F-actin fluorescence assay results showed that IGF-1 induced an increase in F-actin content in Scr/MDA231 cells,but not in SiNUAK1/MDA-231 cells.The phosphorylation of cofilin was obviously inhibited in SiNUAK1/MDA-231 cells.NUAK1 can induce migration and invasion of breast cancer through inducing F-actin polymerization.


The CloudSat mission's Cloud Profiling Radar has provided the first global-scale estimates of light rainfall from warm marine clouds. Because surface radar reflection prevents hydrometeor detection below ~720 m, the CloudSat 2C-RAIN-PROFILE retrieval uses an evaporation–sedimentation model to extend its profile estimates to the surface. We use in situ radar measurements from the ship-based Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) campaign in the Northeastern subtropical Pacific, which sampled a diverse set of shallow marine cloud regimes, to evaluate the evaporation–sedimentation model near the surface. We suggest an empirical bias correction, which can be applied to the 2C-RAIN-PROFILE retrieval. Before this correction, the evaporation–sedimentation model produced a mean surface rain rate bias along the MAGIC transect of 57%; after correction, this bias was effectively eliminated. We also present the evidence of the validity of this bias correction across regimes in the MAGIC region, and also in the southeast subtropical Pacific, where the magnitude of the mean bias for surface rain due to the evaporation–sedimentation model is reduced by a factor of 4.


Younger novice drivers are overrepresented in fatal and nonfatal crashes. A major cause appears to be their failure to scan for information where potential threats may appear. Recent studies have assessed whether personal computer (PC) based training in risk perception helps novice drivers to identify high-risk locations while driving in a simulator. In particular, the Risk Awareness and Perception Training (RAPT) program was designed to teach novice drivers about categories of risky situations normally encountered in driving. RAPT, a PC-based interactive presentation with plan views of roadways demonstrating risky scenarios, provides information about inherent risks in each scenario and indicates areas where attention should go, to detect risks. A previous study showed that RAPT improved scanning behavior by novice drivers in a driving simulator immediately after training. The present study evaluated effects of such a training program an average of 4 days after training. One group of novice drivers was trained with RAPT and subsequently tested on a driving simulator; a matched control group was evaluated without previous training. The test contained 16 scenarios, each with information vital to safe navigation. An eye-tracker recorded drivers' point of gaze during drives. Trained drivers fixated significantly more often on predetermined regions where hidden risks could materialize; they were almost twice as likely to scan risky regions as were untrained drivers. Because the size of this training effect was the same as that when the test immediately followed training, it indicates that results of this training are reasonably long lasting. This training also raised performance of novice drivers close to the level of more experienced drivers, as tested in a previous related study.


Monitoring data is the important signal for safety situation decision of shield method construction. This paper analyzes the abnormal types appearing in safety monitoring data of shield method construction, and points out its caused by the environmental quantity anomaly, structure form change, misreading mistake, instrument error, and human negligence. Based on the test and analysis of the abnormal monitoring data, it considers the monitoring data as abnormal value if the monitoring data beyond the confidence interval. And then uses the theoretical model to eliminate the observation error and systematic error. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the reasons of abnormal of the shield method construction settlement monitoring data, displacement monitoring data, shaft force monitoring data, deep horizontal displacement monitoring data, the water level monitoring data according to theory above. Monitoring data is an important signal of determine the shield method construction safety situation, its accuracy directly affect the evaluation result [1]. The abnormal of the subsidence, horizontal displacement monitoring, deep horizontal displacement monitoring, axial force monitoring and water monitoring data are all attribute to narrow and complicated of the shield subway construction site. It should analyzed according to the data types and anomaly genesis as well as its surrounding environment change and construction progress, because the abnormal values are not all gross error or human error, so as to ensure the safety of shield construction method. Safety Monitoring Data Exception Type Abnormal environment quantity, morphology changes, misreading mistake, instrument error and human negligence are all reasons to cause abnormal monitoring data [2, 3]. Therefore, it requires a combination of construction environment and other factors on the systematic analysis of outliers. And eliminates the error, identifies human errors and so on, pays close attention to changes caused by the abnormal structure form. Usually, monitoring abnormal value of deep subsidence, horizontal displacement, axial force, horizontal displacement, water level monitoring project are divided into the following several. Abnormal Subsidence Monitoring Data Types (1)Subsidence data mutates while external environment exists no abnormalities; (2)Settlement data presents the phenomenon of when liters down while external environment exists no abnormalities; (3)Settlement deformation mutates while external environment exists abnormalities. Abnormal Displacement Monitoring Data Types (1) Displacement data mutates which show the monitoring stations appear larger displacement while external environment existing no abnormalities; (2) Displacement data presents the phenomenon of when liters down while external environment exists no abnormalities; (3) Shaft deformation amount mutates while external environment exists abnormalities. International Conference on Mechanics and Civil Engineering (ICMCE 2014) © 2014. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 685 Abnormal Axial Force Monitoring Data Types (1) Axis force data mutates which show the monitoring stations appear larger displacement while external environment exists no abnormalities; (2) Axis force data presents the phenomenon of when liters down while external environment exists no abnormalities; (3) Shaft deformation amount mutates while external environment exists abnormalities. Unusually deep horizontal displacement monitoring data types (1) Deep horizontal displacement data mutates which show the monitoring stations appear larger displacement while external environment exists no abnormalities; (2) Deep horizontal displacement data presents the phenomenon of when liters down while external environment exists no abnormalities; (3) Deformation of deep horizontal displacement mutates while external environment exists abnormalities. Abnormal Water Level Monitoring Data Types (1) Deep horizontal displacement data mutates while water monitoring data shows greater change when pit exists no abnormalities; (2) The amount of change in water level upheavals while pit existing no abnormalities. Monitoring Data of Abnormal Cause Analysis If the measurement data beyond the confidence interval, it thought to be outliers, and outliers should contact the surrounding environment and construction conditions further concrete analysis. Observation error and systematic error related theoretical model can be used to eliminate the error, to get accurate value. Subsidence Data Anomaly Genesis Analysis (1) External environment without exception, the monitoring data of mutation. First we should analyze deformation surrounding the construction environment change, Add and subtract inside the support in the foundation pit, precipitation is normal, Can analyze the work basis points or the stability of the monitoring points, if the work of subsidence sink or work basis points rate is faster than monitoring leads to monitoring the overall rise phenomenon, secondly, when Initial monitoring error is bigger may cause abnormal monitoring data next time; May also man-made destruction spot, or the instrument itself, if these conditions do not exist, we should set foot is not straight, human touch dynamic instrument factors such as looking for reason (2) The successive data curve wave fluctuates while external environment existing no abnormalities. First we should analyze the instrument, if the data changes gently, it may be affected by system error, atmospheric refraction, earth curvature, they prominent in summer commonly, observed in a timely manner to the instrument protection measures; Secondly, its monitoring with mulch not keep clear of in time, makes the monitoring data bigger than last time, it appears rise phenomenon, while mulch is cleared in later monitoring, lead monitoring data rising and down at time [4]. Again, its deformation is less than the measurement error, usually at the beginning of the observations and stand out late. In addition, But also from should stand feet is not straight, human touch instruments as factor analysis. (3) The SETTLEMENT exists abnormal values change while external environment exists abnormalities. If the work basis points and the monitoring stations in good: when rains outside and the previous period data is correct, monitoring data than the previous rise within 1~2 mm can think is right. Due to soil and water pressure, make the earth's surface. Artificial support strengthening, causing them to monitor data changes, such as steel support after excavation, the tunnel roof support, the springback amount within 1 mm can think right[5, 6]. Tunnel and foundation pit during unloading, monitoring will send smaller sink, generally within 2 mm. If the above several are not


Web network data flow of information the client and process management monitoring station in the process of drawing,change and process,suspend,terminate,end the operation using the technology of flex.Relative to the application based on the HTML(such as ASP,PHP,JSP,ColdFusion and CFMX) in each request when necessary to perform server-side template,because the client only needs to load a,Flex application workflow was greatly improved.This is the benefits of flex,but for flex developed applications related to the automatic network data optimized especially the network to use the data optimization tool selenium there is not much in-depth research,is a worthy of research project.


Introduction: Diagnosis is normally a preliminary step to interpret an intervention need that has a practical future solution. In the social sciences in general, and in specialized physical activity specifically, it is used as a starting point for future actions. Objective: to diagnose high blood pressure and body mass index at the Vittaly Gym. Methods: Research of descriptive-analytical orientation, including in the research 30 subjects under an intentional non-probability sampling (45 and 60 years). The degree of hypertension and the Body Mass Index are measured in the study subjects by a competent professional. Results: 40% of the sample has a Moderate degree of hypertension, a Light degree of 20%, Severe and Very Severe a 6.66% respectively. The Body Mass Indices presented 13% of Ideal state, overweight 34% and Type I Obesity 27%. Conclusions: The preliminary diagnosis shows the prospective need to design a physical actions plan that allow balancing the indicators studied, for which 25 recommendations for future work were listed.


Objective To explore the short-term efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) in treating early intrahepatic recurrence or metastasis of primary liver carcinoma(PLC) that occurs within 6 months after surgical resection.Methods Thirty-six patients with early intrahepatic recurrence or metastasis of PLC after surgical resection were treated with TACE.According to the recurrence site observed on the initial DSA,the patients were divided into group A(n = 15) and group B(n = 21).Patients of group A had incisal margin recurrence or single lesion,while patients of group B showed multiple lesions in the liver.Transarterial infusion of proper chemotherapeutic agent was performed in all patients,which followed by embolization of tumor-feeding vessels with epirubicin-iodized oil emulsion.The repetition of the above treatment was decided by the check-up CT scanning and AFP level.All the patients were followed up for 12 months.The results were statistically analyzed by using t-test or fisher test.A difference with P 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results Preoperative satellite foci,portal thrombosis within the second or distal branches and massive tumor with no capsule were more commonly seen in group B than in group A(P 0.05).No serious intervention-related complications occurred in all patients.The overall mean number of TACE procedure was(3.0 ± 0.7) times.The total 6-month effective rate after the initial TACE was 58.3%,and the 12-month survival rate was 66.7%.The mean numbers of TACE procedure of group A and group B were(3.3 ± 0.8) and(2.9 ± 0.7) times respectively(t = 1.688,P = 0.101).The 6-month effective rates of group A and group B were 80.0% and 42.9% respectively(P = 0.024),while the 12-month survival rates of group A and group B were 86.7% and 52.4% respectively(P = 0.03).Conclusion TACE has some certain clinical efficacy in treating early intrahepatic recurrence or metastasis of primary liver carcinoma that occurs within 6 months after surgical resection,although its control ability of the tumor and its 12-month survival rate for patients with multiple lesions are limited.


BACKGROUND
The implications of oral rehabilitation after tooth loss requires further investigation.

OBJECTIVES
To conduct a pilot study to investigate: i) changes in masticatory performance with progressive oral implant rehabilitation (POR); ii) association between POR and neurocognitive function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); and (iii) oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) outcomes.

METHODS
Four completely edentulous patients (mean age: 73±1.4 years) participated. Each received new complete removable dental prostheses (RDPs) transitioned to mandibular two implant-retained RDPs (IR-RDP). Assessments were performed at 4 time points for neurocognitive skills, fMRI with functional tasks (jaw clenching, working memory and sustained attention, inhibition), masticatory performance with colour-changing gum and OHQoL. Assessments were performed with new complete RDPs (T0 as baseline data) and IR-RDPs at 1 week (T1), 6 weeks (T2) and 12 months (T3) post-insertion. Data analyses were based on intra-patient and inter-patient results.

RESULTS
Masticatory performance and QoL improved with an IR-RDP at each time point. FMRI jaw clenching sensory and motor cortical activity decreased at T1, with motor cortical activity increasing to T0 levels at T2. For cognitive fMRI activation tasks, cortical activity decreased from T0 to T1 across all regions of interests (ROI), and increased at T2 throughout the cognitive brain regions. Neurocognitive skills declined at T1, followed by improvement to or beyond T0 levels at T2.

CONCLUSION
Improvements in masticatory performance and OHQoL occurred from complete RDPs to IR-RDP. Prosthetic adaptation was associated with neurocognitive changes to pre-insertion activity levels or greater after 6 weeks. This pilot data suggests both behavioural and neural associations between POR and cognition, however, larger study numbers are required.


Abstract While much has been written about science and the Abrahamic religious traditions, there is little about the Hindu tradition and science. We examine two recent authors who have explored the relationship between the two, in one case across the full spectrum of Indian history, and in the other with a specific focus on the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, a ninth- to eleventh-century CE document centered on the Lord Krishna.

These two publications are compared with a symposium of articles by scientists and scholars of the Hindu tradition that consider both science and religion heuristically in terms of "knowing the unknowable." Each contribution explores this concept in accordance with the scientific or religious topic's internal self-understanding, without any cross-fertilization ("cherry picking") across the boundaries.

Finally, we consider the author's own approach, which is intermediate between the previous mentioned in that it reviews the work of Hindu scientists who shaped the course of their research in accordance with their Vedāntic beliefs. These include Satyendra Nath Bose, who collaborated with Einstein on his quest for a unified field theory, and gave his name to a class of fundamental particles called bosons.


Chemical syntheses of 2′-amino-2′-deoxyarabinonucleosides of uracil, thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine and their conversion into suitably protected 3′-phosphoramidite building blocks 24–28 for oligonucleotide synthesis are described. The 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl (npeoc) group was used for protection of the aglycon and the 2′-amino functions.


Building on a critical realist approach, this study focused on the openness of rural places to international medical graduates (IMGs). This approach entailed in-depth consideration of contexts (e.g. the social construction of race; gender roles), and mechanisms (e.g. geographic clustering; familiarity with IMGs) to explore the event of acceptability. Interviews and observations were conducted in two rural areas in the Southeastern United States between July 1999 and February 2000. Research Žndings indicated that geographic and social exclusions in both study areas tended to be subtle. Both areas had different experiences with IMGs. Yet, because of the uniqueness of places, straight comparisons of acceptability between locations would not have been useful beyond a surface level. Jurisdictional boundaries, such as town limits or national borders, became blurred in many people's conceptualizations of foreignness or localness. At the same time, issues such as the social construction of race, gender roles, globalization, communication problems, the professional status of physicians, medical specialty, and the importance of familiarity further blurred outsider status. This study builds on rural Americans' own words to inform communities and policy makers, while also advancing geographic thought about otherness, the uniqueness of places and social theory.


Three-dimensional string theories with 16 supersymmetries are believed to possess a non-perturbative U-duality symmetry SO(8,24, Z). By covariantizing the heterotic one-loop amplitude under U-duality, we propose an exact expression for the (∂φ) 4 amplitude, that reproduces known perturbative limits. The weak-coupling expansion in either of the heterotic, type II or type I descriptions exhibits the well-known instanton effects, plus new contributions peculiar to three-dimensional theories, including the Kaluza-Klein 5-brane, for which we extract the summation measure. This letter is a post-scriptum to hep-th/0001083.


The transfer and emplacement dynamics of highly crystallised (φ >∼0.6) magmas are mostly dependent on the interconnected crystal-framework controlling the tortuosity of the residual melt flow and capable of transmitting deviatoric high stresses. Crystal fraction, size distribution, and strain rate control the development of crystal fabrics and strain localisation. How localised structures potentially promote the transfer of residual gas and melts in hardly moveable late magmatic mushes is a critical question that remains largely undocumented.


Few issues in recent years have attracted as many voters as ballot measures related to transportation, especially those measures concerning increased investment in transit. This article describes some recent state and local transportation measures on the ballot. Although many of these measures directly raised taxes or extended existing taxes, most of them have been approved by the voters. Transportation ballot campaigns are most successful when they incorporate strong coalitions, early public outreach, support of key elected officials, a professional team to mobilize volunteers and target voters, and an aggressive media and public relations campaign.


Power spectral, correlation, and coherency analyses have been made for selected periods of Pioneer 6 interplanetary magnetic field data for the frequency range of 5 x 10/sup -4/ to 1.6 x 10/sup -2/ Hz. The periods are chosen for times when the mean field was either radial or perpendicular to the heliocentric radius. At such times, some of the interpretive ambiguities which arise from the convection of the magnetic field by the solar wind are removed, and the field fluctuations can be understood in terms of the spatial dependence of wave or static structures. Results from the power spectral and coherency analyses for the radial field periods indicate the existence of constant-magnitude Alfven waves propagating along the field as well as magnetosonic waves propagating obliquely to the mean field. No evidence for a significant component of circularly polarized Alfven waves is found. Our results also rule out some magnetic field models which have been widely used in cosmic ray studies. Differences in the spectral slopes and power levels for magnetic field fluctuations parallel and transverse to the mean field indicate that the radial field indicate that the radial periods cannot be approximated by isotropic magnetic field fluctuations while the perpendicularmore » periods are not fit by the 'slab' model. All periods are consistent with a superposition of Alfven waves and magnetosonic waves with less than one quarter of the power in the magnetosonic waves as in Alfven waves. Finally, autocorrelation analysis for the radial periods indicates that the correlation length for transverse magnetic fluctuations between discontinuities is 2--6 x 10/sup 10/ cm. (AIP)« less


During sleep, recently acquired episodic memories (i.e., autobiographical memories for specific events) are strengthened and transformed, a process termed consolidation. These memories are contextual in nature, with details of specific features interwoven with more general properties such as the time and place of the event. In this study, we hypothesized that the context in which a memory is embedded would guide the process of consolidation during sleep. To test this idea, we employed a spatial memory task and considered changes in memory over a 10-hour period including either sleep or wake. In both conditions, participants (N = 62) formed stories that contextually bound four objects together, and then encoded the on-screen spatial position of all objects. Results showed that the changes in memory over the sleep period were correlated among contextually linked objects, whereas no such effect was identified for the wake group. These results suggest that contexts binding different memories together play an active role in consolidation during sleep.


Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of three commercial herbal tea products present in the Egyptian market; commercial herbal Calm (1), commercial herbal Intestinal (2) and commercial herbal Anti diarrhea (3) in comparison with three prepared standard mixtures. Methods: Quality control of the three commercial herbal products and prepared standard mixtures was conducted through microscopical identification of their diagnostic elements, determination of pharmacopeial constants, and detection of contaminations. Analysis of essential oil content and estimation of the main active constituents were performed using GC/MS and HPLC respectively. Antimicrobial activity, toxicological study, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were carried out on 80% methanolic extract of the three commercial herbal teas in comparison with corresponding standard mixtures. Results: Quality control of the three commercial herbal products revealed that some of the herbs are exhausted; some of the products are adulterated with other species rather than those of the formula; however, the three commercial herbal products are safe, free from aflatoxin, pesticides and heavy metals. They are active as antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Conclusion: The assessed commercial herbal products that are used in the Egyptian market for some gastro-intestinal tract disorders have proven their effectiveness as antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs, which can be subjected for further clinical trials.


Ongoing efforts at our laboratory have been aimed at developing techniques to reduce the complexity of interaction between humans and modern computer systems. As an example of these efforts, we have investigated the use of gesture recognition to allow more natural user interaction while still providing rich information content. In this paper, we present a real-time gesture recognition system which can track hand movement, orientation, and recognize the number of fingers being held up. This modularized system utilizes single-image processing techniques for noise reduction, hand segmentation, arm removal, hand movement calculations, orientation calculation, and a heuristic approach to finger-counting. With these capabilities in place, it is straight forward to utilize hand gestures to, for example, control a user interface. By supporting a more natural interface modality and utilizing only common hardware and software components, human-computer interaction can be simplified while also enriched. Sample images, results, and benchmark tests are presented. 2 Methods The system was developed using the Visual C++ compiler with the Image Processing Libraries (IPL) and Open Computer Vision (OpenCV) library from Intel. These libraries contain special image-processing functions which utilize nuances of Pentium chip architectures to ensure efficient computational performance.


High-activity cellulose-decomposing microorganisms were isolated from soils and the Ruilaite microbes,respectively forming the TZ and RES composite microbes according to their sources.The two formed composite microbes and the Ruilaite microbes were applied to wheat straw decomposition in order to investigate the effects of the three composite microbes on wheat straw decomposition rate.The results showed that the variations of temperature,crude fiber and organic matter contents in the decomposition course under adding composite microbes were similar to those without adding composite microbes;and after the 60 d decomposition without adding composite microbes,the crude fiber and organic matter contents were minimally 55.2%and 86.7%,respectively,indicating that the decomposition of wheat straw was not accelerated by adding the above three composite microbes, being dependent mainly on its own microorganisms.


A silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emul sion layer, wherein the silverhalide color photographic material contains an uncolored magenta coupler and at least one compound capable of reacting with and fixing formaldehyde vapor, and at least 30 mol% based on the total amount of the uncolored magenta coupler present in the silver halide color photographic material is an uncolored 5-pyrazolone 2-equivalent magenta coupler. The silver halide color photographic material has good latent image stability and a reduced layer thickness and thus improved sharpness. It is further possible thereby to avoid a decrease in color density and the formation of fog normally present when the silver halide color pho tographic material is brought into contact with formal dehyde vapor during storage prior to color develop ment processing.


Present work deals with the Structural, Vibrational and Electronic properties of the molecular structu re of 2, 3 Dichloropridine. The equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies and HOMO-LUMO gap have bee n calculated by the density functional theory (DFT), employing B3LYP/LANL2DZ as the basis set. A detaile d interpretation of the Calculated infrared spectra o f 2, 3 Dichloropridine is reported. No experimental spectrum is available so calculated spectra can provide a suita ble path for experimental researchers.


Sex attractants were found in females of the sod webworm moth Crambus trisectus (Walker); the bluegrass webworm, C. teterrellus (Zincken); and C. mutabilis Clemens. Living female moths were effective baits for luring males to traps. Ten virgin females of C. trisectus tested in the field attracted a total of 527 male moths, and 7 virgin females of C. teterrellus attracted a total of 203 males during their entire lives. In both species about 75% of the male moths were attracted during the 1st 3 to 4 days of the life of the female. Females begin to emit the attractant soon after emergence and remain most attractive for the 1st 2 to 3 days of life. Their attractiveness decreases with age, and the females cease to attract males after mating. The gland believed to produce the pheromone is situated in the terminal segments of the abdomen of C. trisectus . The active pheromone in C. trisectus females was extracted with organic solvent and bioassayed with males.


– Content-based curriculum, policies of teaching, learning, and assessment, the lack of basic infrastructure and info-structure, lack of facilities, and teachers' workload are among the key challenges towards implementing an Outcomes Based Education approach. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of OBE in the College of International Hospitality and Tourism Management for the students enrolled in the first semester of 2019-2020 in terms of relevance of the course, course organization, teaching and learning activities; assessment method, learning environment and counselling; tested the significant difference on the effectiveness of OBE when grouped according to program and proposed an action plan based on the results of the study. The study used descriptive design with 3445 responses from the student total population. Frequency, percentage distribution, weighted mean, ranking, Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskall Wallis was used to test the result of the study. The study revealed that student participants assessed the implementation of Outcomes Based Education as highly effective in the aspects of relevance of the course specifically in the indicator the course helped the student develop relevant subject. For teachers and teaching-learning activities, teachers motivated the students to learn according to the assessment of travel and tourism management and Cruiseline operation in hotel services programs. It was found out that highly significant difference was obtained in the assessment of effectiveness of OBE when grouped according to program/specialization and found that students under hotel and restaurant administration considered the implementation most effective. An action plan was proposed to have continuous implementation of OBE and to achieve its perfect implementation.


The notion of projective formula was introduced by Ghilardi [8] in 1999. Let us denote by Pn a set of fixed p1, . . . , pn propositional variables and by Φn – all equivalence classes of intuitionistic formulas with variables in Pn. Consider a substitution σ : Pn → Φn and extend it to all of Φn by σ(φ(p1, . . . , pn)) = φ(σ(p1), . . . , σ(pn)). Now, a formula φ ∈ Φn is called projective if there exists a substitution σ : Φn → Φn such that ⊢ σ(φ) and φ ⊢ ψ ↔ σ(ψ), for all ψ ∈ Φn. In this paper we study projective formulas from the relational and algebraic semantical point of view. We show a close connection between projective formulas and projective Heyting algebras (for definition see Section 4). Namely, to each finitely generated projective Heyting algebra there corresponds a projective formula; to non-isomorphic finitely generated projective algebras there correspond nonequivalent projective formulas, but there can be non-equvalent projective formulas which correspond to isomorphic projective algebras. To a fixed ngenerated projective Heyting algebra H there correspond as many projective formulas as there are different retractions between H and Φn (Φn being the free n-generated Heyting algebra and H its retract). We have a one-to-one correspondence between projective formulas and (H, ir) couples, where H is a projective algebra, and i, r the retractions. Ghilardi (together with the results of Dick de Jongh and Albert Visser) has shown in [8] that projective formulas are (the same as) the exact and extendible formulas introduced earlier by de Jongh and Visser. A formula φ ∈ Φn is called extendible if for all finite, rooted models M1, . . . ,Mk which force φ, there can be defined a valuation on the model M – obtained by


Based on illustrating the signification of the mode of valuation with bill of quantities and the basic connotation of project risk management,discussing the risk factors faced by owners and the measures taken by owners to avoid potential risks in every construction procedures including design,public bidding,site construction and completion settlement in the mode of valuation with bill of quantities is of important guiding significance for owners to control the project cost effectively in the mode of valuation with bill of quantities.


The deformation of the material during injection molding of fiber filled composites causes a processinduced change in the fiber configuration. The local fiber orientation, fiber concentration, and fiber length within the molded part varies in thickness direction and along the flow path. This heterogeneous fiber microstructure inevitably results in anisotropic and locally varying mechanical properties. This paper presents a detailed experimental analysis of the microstructure of long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) plates and its influence on the mechanical properties. Large and thin center-gated plates are injection molded with three different nominal fiber concentrations (20, 40, and 60 wt%) and an initial fiber length of 15 mm. The analysis comprises local fiber orientation, fiber concentration, and fiber length measurements conducted by means of advanced measurement techniques, including micro-computed tomography (μCT) and digital image processing. Tensile test results reveal the correlation between the processinduced fiber configuration and the mechanical properties. The results of this experimental study verify a distinct seven-layered fiber orientation pattern for industry relevant nominal fiber concentrations. Besides a nominal fiber concentration and flow length dependent reduction of the average fiber length, the measurements suggest a non-uniform fiber orientation and fiber concentration distribution through the part thickness and along the flow path. Tensile test results show that tensile modulus increases with nominal fiber concentration, whereas tensile strength does not increase above 40 wt%. The process-induced fiber configuration causes a larger degree of anisotropy of the mechanical performance in high fiber-filled components (40 wt% and 60 wt%).


Socialworkersarelikelytoencounterintimatepartnerviolence(IPV)survivorsand/orperpetrators within their practice due to the prevalence of this social issue and the negative health and mental health consequences resulting from it. IPV risk assessments can be utilised by social workers in multiple service settings. A recent meta-analysis provided information on the IPV risk assessment instruments with the greatest predictive accuracy, but social workers need to know the most appropriate IPV risk assessment tools for use in their particular practice settings. Therefore, this paper provides social workers with summary information on the four risk assessment instruments that have the highest predictive accuracy—the Danger Assessment, the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment, the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment, and the Domestic Violence Screening Inventory. For social workers unable to use validated risk assessments, a summary of the risk factors is provided with a focus on opportunities for change within violent relationships. Finally, recommendations for which IPVrisk assessment to use in various social work practice settings are outlined. The use of IPVrisk assessment should be situated within an evidence-based practice framework, taking into account the best evidence of risk for future harm, clinical expertise and client self-determination.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on sperm parameters, epididymis and seminal vesicle morphology in adult mouse under chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Male adult NMRI mice were divided into four groups. The control group received a single dose of DMSO, Group 2 received a single dose of busulfan 20 mg/kg. Group 3 was administered melatonin 10 mg/kg for 5 days. Group 4 received a 5 days course of melatonin 10 mg/kg following an initial dose of busulfan 20 mg/kg. Animals were sacrificed 35 days after treatment and evaluations were made by determining of sperm count and sperm quality, histological study of epididymis, seminal vesicle and measuring of plasma testosterone level. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tuckey test. Results: Busulfan significantly reduced sperm count, sperm motility and normal morphology and testosterone level in comparison with that of control group (P< 0.01). However, combined treatment increased mentioned parameters in compare with those of chemotherapy treated group (P< 0.01). In histological evaluations busulfan resulted in vacuoles in epithelial thickness of epididymis and reduced epithelial cell height in comparison with that of control group (P< 0.001). Busulfan reduced semen fluid and epithelial folds and epithelial cell height in seminal vesicle in comparison with those of control group (P< 0.001). However, combined treatment, resulted in recovery and normalization of the epididymis and seminal vesicle. Conclusion: Melatonin has protective effect on epididymal sperm parameters, seminal vesicle and epididymis morphology in mouse under treatment with chemotherapy. Although the mechanism is not clear, it acts probably by decreasing oxidative stresses.


Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent inherited cardiomyopathy. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) is important for prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients at high risk. In recent years the subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) has emerged as a viable alternative to the transvenous ICD (TV-ICD). The S-ICD does not require intravascular access, but cannot provide antitachycardia pacing therapy (ATP).

Objective: To assess the real world incidence of ICD therapy in patients with HCM implanted with TV-ICD versus S-ICD.Methods: We compared the incidence of ATP and shock therapies between all HCM patients with S-ICD and TV-ICD enrolled in the Boston Scientific ALTITUDE database. Cumulative Kaplan Meier incidence was used to compare therapy free survival and Cox proportional hazard ratios were calculated. We performed an unmatched as well as propensity match analysis.

Results: We included 2462 patients with TV-ICD and 716 patients with S-ICD followed for an average of 1348 {plus minus} 989 days. Patients with HCM and TV-ICD had significantly higher rate of device therapy as compared to those with S-ICD (31.1 vs. 14.7 therapies /100 patient year; p<0.001), driven by a high incidence of ATP therapy in the TV-ICD group which accounted for more than 67% of therapies delivered. Shock incidence was similar between groups, both in the general and in the matched cohorts.

Conclusions: Patients with HCM and S-ICD had significantly lower therapy rate than patients with TV-ICD without difference in shock therapy, suggesting potentially unnecessary ATP therapy. Empiric ATP programing in patients with HCM may be unbeneficial.


In this article the characteristics of technique teaching will be mainly studied according to the different holistic characters of different sports events.Although the aim pursued in sports event is different from the way of achieving it,we still have some common rules to follow.So in teaching method,there must be some teaching rules for some sports events with common characters.This article studies the characters of teaching rules of such sports events,for the purpose of promoting tridimensional and systematic sports technique teaching.


In order to increase throughput and maximize sensitivity the next-generation of astronomical instrumentation is moving toward cryogenic, all-reflective, off-axis optical design solutions. These off-axis systems require mirrors which are produced with complex conic sections, demand a thermal optical performance at cryogenic temperatures, and must support lifetimes on the order of 5-10 years. SSG specializes in the design, development, fabrication and testing of off-axis, all-reflective optical systems, having produced > 40 such systems over the last 20 years. The majority of these system have been produced using nickel plated aluminum mirror substrates and aluminum metering structures in order to obtain a passively systems has long been a point of debate. In this paper we demonstrate the long term stability of nickel plated aluminum optics by presenting interferometric test data obtained on > 10 optical elements over a period of 10 years. Cryogenic stability is demonstrated by presenting system level wavefront data obtained over a wide thermal range down to 115K. In addition, we will present thermal test data obtained from a number of alternate metal optical materials: beryllium, bare aluminum, and aluminum/beryllium alloys.


The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) was administered to a sample (N=738) of undergraduate volunteers, and responses were analyzed comparing attempters (N = 35), contemplators (N = 131) and nonattempters (N = 483). A factor analysis indicated seven significant factors accounting for 24.2 percent of the total variance. A discriminant function analysis, using the seven factors, yielded two significant functions that discriminated respondents on the basis of sex and prior suicide history. The results are considered in the context of three issues (acceptability, lethality, and mental illness) important to the dynamics of suicide, and in terms of Goffman's theory of deviance.


Today, one cannot emphasize too much intellectual property right of importance. It has many wealthy value right such as patent right and copyright, software, and those right is meaningful not only to individual but also society. Resides, that possible develope in future. But it is problem creating is hard but coping creating is easy, specially, the advancement of internet is problem awaiting solution. Therefore, It is at law penalty about a problem of this kind and generally it ordain an offence subject to complaint of criminal law because for personally and peaceful solve. I Iowever one`s claim that we didn`t maintain an offence subject to complaint, because violation of intellectual property right, reproduce is more than increase, that is considering crime. It is reasonable in criminal law. Finally, form an independent judgment, solved of this problem is embarrassment if we have one`s effort, Therefore required joint research intellectual property right and criminal law in future.


It is widely accepted that texts representative of a variety of genres display a marked degree of spelling variation throughout the Early Modern English (EModE) period, in spite of the English language's gradual standardization Until recently, our knowledge of this gradual standardization of variant spelling forms was largely founded on qualitative studies. In Baron et al (2009a), however, we've been able to report a large-‐scale study of spelling variation, and its decline, in the EModE period: several corpora from the period were analysed and a steady decrease in the ratio of spelling variants to modern spellings observed, until around 1700 when the orthography had largely become standardised. Our recent research has also shown that this spelling variation has a negative impact on the accuracy of well-‐defined corpus linguistic methods such as key word analysis (Baron et al, 2009a), part-‐of-‐speech tagging (Rayson et al, 2007) and semantic annotation (Archer et al, 2003). The large-‐scale, diachronic documentation of spelling variation is now possible because of the VARD and DICER tools. VARD (Baron and Rayson, 2009) enables texts containing spelling variants to be standardised, and, in the process, supplements them with modern equivalents. As well as increasing the accuracy of corpus linguistic tools, this allows for the analysis of spelling variation trends. DICER (Discovery and Investigation of Character Edit Rules) (Baron et al, 2009b), aids this analysis through the examination of these standardization decisions; letter replacement rules which can transform the variant form to its modern equivalent are extracted and a detailed database of these rules and their frequencies is built. In a previous study (Archer and Rayson, 2004), using earlier versions of these tools, we've been able to confirm obvious patterns such as the interchangeability of <u>/<v> depending on their initial/medial positioning, etc. We've also identified patterns we were not " cued " to find, some of which seem to be specific to particular genres. In addition, our preliminary investigations of 3823 variant forms suggest that genres typically associated with standardization, because of their inherent " prestige " and " power " (i.e. Religious, Political and Law texts) actually displayed more variation than, for example, (some) seventeenth century newsbooks. Here, we extend this preliminary work by presenting an analysis of various spelling features in the EModE period. We focus on how these characteristics


The genus Pseudocapritermes Kemner, 1934, endemic to Oriental region is represented by 18 species. A new species, Pseudocapritermes kunjepu Mathew sp. nov. (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae), is described from Kerala, India, based on the characters of soldiers and workers. Morphological measurements of the soldiers and workers are given with suitable illustrations. A revised key to the species of Pseudocapritermes (based on soldier caste) found in India along with the species distribution map are also provided. Key words: Isoptera, new species, Pseudocapritermes, Termitidae


Asthma with non‐remitting airflow obstruction may not always be differentiated from COPD with airway hyperreactivity. Many attempts have been made to find useful markers for the distinction between these two disorders.


– We present an analysis of the statistical properties of hydrodynamic field fluctuations which reveal the existence of precursors to fingering processes. These precursors are found to exhibit power law distributions, and these power laws are shown to follow from spatial q-Gaussian structures which are solutions to the non-linear porous media equation. Over the past fifteen years, a nonextensive variant to the Boltzmann-Gibbs formulation of Statistical Mechanics has been developed for the analysis of systems away form the equilibrium state [1] characterized by the appearance of non-exponential distributions and power laws. For instance, for diffusion type processes, non-exponential distributions are obtained from generalized Fokker-Planck type equations, and it has been shown, in a generic manner from a generalization of classical linear response theory, that such distributions may arise from first-principle considerations [2]. The goal of this letter is to present an analysis of the statistical properties of hydrodynamic field fluctuations in fingering processes where we find non-exponential and power law distributions which are shown to be compatible with the solution of the generalized non-linear diffusion equation. More precisely, the phenomena investigated here arise before the onset of fingering, a generic phenomenon that results from the destabilization of the interface between two fluids with different mobilities in systems such as a shallow layer or a porous medium, when the fluid with highest mobility is forced through the medium filled with the other fluid. Here before means that the constrained fluid is in a state where no fingering pattern is as yet visible, but where hydrodynamic field fluctuations are enhanced as precursors to the onset of fingering. The analytical form of the statistical properties of these precursors are compatible with the solution of the generalized diffusion equation [2] which has formally the same structure as the "porous media equation" [3], but where the diffusion coefficient depends on the solution of the equation. This leads to the fact that the diffusion process is classical in the sense that there is linear scaling with time, but the solutions are not Gaussian: they have the canonical q-exponential form [1]. To date at least to the best of our knowledge such precursor properties have not yet been obtained from laboratory measurements. Here we use two methods: (1) a mesoscopic approach, the lattice Boltzmann simulation method [4], which is based on a kinetic theoretical analysis where the macroscopic description is not pre-established, and (2) a phenomenological


This research explores the link concerning informativeness regarding stock price and warnings pertaining to profit in organisations operating in Kuwait as an emerging country. An extensive set of panel data were utilised by the researchers, where such data linked to profit warnings percentages and stock price synchronicity on the Stock Exchange of Kuwait for the years 2010 through to 2020. Multi-regression was chosen to be applied as a parametric test, which provided the ability to garner more robust findings that are seen to be aligned with our belief that, as opposed to common market data. The findings present a wealth of insight concerning the effects of earnings declarations when it comes to stock prices and data content. The approach and assessment of profit warnings presented in this work might also provide further support for researchers seeking to carry out other stock price and profit warnings researches in emerging economics, particularly when considering that support in this regard is seen to be lacking in emerging regions. It is the view of the researchers that the present work is one of very few centres on developing regions, especially those in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council). Furthermore, adding to regression corporate governance factors as moderating variables has also been recognised as being far more valuable when compared with other regressions.


A game-theoretic model of anarchy, allowing for conflict is presented, which brings out the possibility of peace and prosperity in an equilibrium without government. It sheds some light on the issue of peace among nations without a supra-national government. Peace can be supported either by the promise of income transfers, which requires some commitment credibility, or by the gift of productive resource. This highlights the role of territorial concessions in securing peace among warlords or nations. It also brings out the link between the allocation of property rights and peace among unreliable players. An extension to the n-player case is presented as well.


The existing buildings stock in European countries accounts for over 40% of final energy consumption in the European Union (EU) member states, of which residential use represents 63% of total energy consumption in the buildings sector. Consequently, an increase of building energy performance can constitute an important instrument in the efforts to alleviate the EU energy import dependency and comply with the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This is also in accordance to the European Directive on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD), which is currently under consideration in all EU member states. The Energy Performance Assessment for Existing Dwellings (EPA-ED) and for Non-Residential Buildings (EPA-NR) are two new methodologies supported by software, developed in the framework of two European projects that focus on energy related issues and are suitable for audits, labeling and issuing an Energy Performance Certificate for existing buildings, in accordance to the EPBD. This paper presents an overview of the two EPA methods and software that can be used to perform building energy audits and assess buildings in a uniform way, perform demand and savings calculations, provide owners with specific advice for measures that can improve energy performance, issue an Energy Performance Certificate for existing buildings, and include some representative results from the pilot studies performed in several European countries.


Recent industry data show that the drop/impact reliability of Chip Scale Packages has been detrimentally affected by switching to SAC alloys with Ag percent equal to or greater than 3%. The primary cause of this is attributed to the higher strength and lower ductility of SAC305 and SAC405 alloys compared to SnPb solder, resulting in higher stresses at IMC layers and causing interfacial failures. While previous study [1] focused on Cu OSP finish for the packages, the study reported here is a comprehensive collection of data for NiAu pad finish using various solder alloys. The alloys considered had Ag percent varying from 1.0 to 3.0%, Cu % from 0.1 to 0.7%, and small amount of Ni, In, Co, and Ge addition to the main SAC system. Metallurgical studies were performed on identifying the IMCs and their growth with time and temperature for these alloys. Additionally, a number of board level drop tests (JESD22-B111) were performed on 0.4, 0.5, and 0.8 mm pitch CSP devices using different ball sizes and solder alloys. Finally, the data was compared against the optimum Pb free alloy solution for Cu OSP substrates. The results show that while three element SAC alloy is sufficient of NiAu surface finish, the Ag content has to reduce to gain appreciable increase in drop performance. The effect of Cu % alone in solder alloy was not found to be significant for drop performance improvement. Also, the Sn1.2Ag0.5Cu0.05Ni alloy that worked best for Cu OSP finish [1] did not perform as good as Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu alloy for NiAu finish.


While the ability to direct order in block copolymer films using different techniques has been demonstrated by several researchers, comparison of the efficacy of these techniques has been limited by the lack of a robust method to quantify order in these systems. Measurement of the degree of order in block copolymer thin films can allow us to identify the conditions and guiding mechanisms that lead to an improvement in the quality of the block copolymer patterns as well as help us understand the underlying factors that lead to the destruction of order in these systems. In this work we have probed the temperature-dependent positional and orientational order in graphoepitaxially aligned(1, 2) monolayer and bilayer films of cylindrical morphology block copolymers. Previous works have drawn parallels between monolayers of cylindrical morphology block copolymers and 2D thermotropic smectics.(3, 4) Using grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering as a probe, we have studied the effect of film thickness and m...


Generally, populations of species of concern are located by direct observation or capture. This is a severe limitation when dealing with cavernicoles, since a very small percentage of potential habitat is accessible to investigators. The Ozark Underground Laboratory is promoting the concept of presumptive habitat; that is all groundwater that has subsurface hydrological interconnections should be presumed to contain the aquatic species of concern that are found in accessible parts of the groundwater system and that the entire groundwater system be managed accordingly. Groundwater tracing using fluorescent dyes is a powerful, empirical tool for delineating groundwater basins and demonstrating hydrological interconnections between groundwater basins. The recharge area boundaries representing known and presumptive habitat are important tools for biological analysis and conservation management. Dye traces help evaluate tested portions of the groundwater system; dye passes readily only through relatively open conduits; a significant requirement for most aquatic cavernicoles. Aquatic cavernicoles can generally move against the hydraulic gradient and cross drainage divides under more variable flow conditions than does tracer dye. The migration of fauna against the hydraulic gradient permits more gene flow than may be suggested by dye tracing.


In this paper, a reliability-based design method for the structure of tower crane by accounting for the randomness of design variables and fuzziness of the design criteria is proposed. The number of design variables affects the computational efficiency seriously, hence sensitivity analysis is implemented to select the sensitive variables as the design variables to decrease the number of design variables. The limit state function is constructed by combining the finite element analysis (FEA) and response surface method (RSM). The fuzzy reliability analysis is transformed to crisp reliability analysis with the eigenfunction. The design results show that the proposed method could be more consistent with the engineering practices.


Migrations, understood as a mobility way, are an appropriate point of view to comprehend the inequalities and privileges (re)presentations and (re)productions that social groups build from the power relations that they establish. How migrations (re)produce and (re)elaborate the notions and categories that allow us to speak about inequalities and privileges, it means, social classes? How social classes (re)produce and (re)elaborate migrations? Is a new social relation organization emerging as a globalization process?


The invention discloses a preparation method of 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene, which comprises the following steps: under the protection of inert gas, adding fluorenone, aniline hydrochloride and aniline used as raw materials, methyl benzene used as a solvent and sodium bisulfite used as a catalyst into a reaction device with a water separator; heating up to 110-130 DEG C while stirring, reacting for 20-40 minutes, and then separating out a liquid generated in the water separator; continuing to react at this temperature for 2-4 hours, and then separating out water generated in the water separator; slowly heating up to 130-140 DEG C, reacting at this temperature for 1-2 hours, and stopping the reaction when no water is generated in the water separator; and carrying out post treatment to obtain the 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene. The method has the advantages of moderate conditions and high yield, and is suitable for industrial large-scale production.


In this article, I examine the recent emergence in Australia of two small, and now regularly enacted, rituals: "Acknowledgments" and "Welcomes to Country." These are expressions of recognition, or response to perceived neglect and injustice. Recognition has become a global theme, part of a broader politics of reparation focused on indigenous and other colonized and subordinated peoples, and includes practices of apology and reconciliation. In Australia, recognition implies expansion the of relationship between categories of people who have been on unequal, distant, and (at some levels) negligible terms as settlers and natives, colonizers and colonized. Practices of recognition are therefore ambiguous: What is to be recognized, and how is recognition to proceed? Here I consider these rituals and their putative origins, structure, content, variations, and affect of participants and audiences. Both rituals cast recognition in ways that continue recent decades of national emphasis on indigenous emplacement, judgments concerning originariness, and authenticity; "Welcomes" also recast relations in terms of a host–guest framework. The emergence of these rituals fosters new kinds of indigenous public expression and receptions of recognition as well as some standardization of both. It is an indication of change, as well as of its limits in indigenous–nonindigenous relationships.


New trigger inputs for the ALICE Central Trigger Processor (CTP) are proposed. They are based on the use of Fast Multiplicity (FM) output signals generated by the ALICE Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD). These can be used for a multiplicity based centrality trigger and for a fast on-line computation of the primary vertex. A simple algorithm for primary vertex location at the trigger level is proposed. The precision that can be achieved with this method on centrality selection and primary vertex location, is discussed for interactions with different pseudo-rapidity density level. The feasibility of background rejection is also considered.


The invention discloses prismoid firefighting equipment, and relates to firefighting equipment. The prismoid firefighting equipment comprises an upper bottom surface 1, umbrella bones 2, an umbrella stem 3, a lower bottom surface 4 and side surfaces 7. The prismoid firefighting equipment is characterized in that the upper bottom surface 1 and the lower bottom surface 4 are polygons which are completely the same and are parallel to each other; the side surfaces 7 are quadrangles; the number of the side surfaces 7 is equal to that of the sides of the bottom surface 1; a prismoid is formed by the upper bottom surface 1, the lower bottom surface 4 and the side surfaces 7; the bottom surface 1 and the side surfaces 7 are made of a fireproof material; the umbrella bones 2 are connected with the bottom surface 1 and the side surfaces 7; the umbrella stem is connected with the umbrella bones 2. The firefighting equipment disclosed by the invention can be opened within minutes and is convenient to use and rapid and safe, the problem that a conventional fireproof coat takes time to wear or the fire hazard cannot be resisted with a fire extinguisher in time is solved; as a sealed prismoid space into which the fire cannot invade is formed, the body safety of people is effectively protected.


In this paper, we study an efficient model predictive speed control method for electric vehicles (EVs) with actuator saturation constraints. The model of the electric vehicle is described as a Takagi Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system. The model predictive controller is derived in accordance with the strategy of "offline design, online synthesis". Firstly, offline design a fixed state feedback control law that can robustly stabilize the system, and introduce an additional control degree of freedom to solve an invariant set of the augmented system such that the projection of the invariant set in the original state space the largest one; Secondly, online optimizing the additional control quantity to obtain the optimal control law that can enlarge the initial feasible region and reduce the burden of calculation. Moreover, considering that the controller is prone to oversaturation in the actual control process, the actuator saturation constraint is introduced to regulate the control action of the controller. The process of obtaining the feedback gain allows for off-line, low control input computation, limited control input amplitude, and low energy consumption, which allows the proposed controller to be implemented practically. Finally, the experimental results of the proposed method are compared with those of the conventional fuzzy model predictive controller (FMPC) and the input-output constrained robust disturbance rejection stable fuzzy controller (IOCRDRSFC) in the MATLAB simulation environment to validate its effectiveness and superiority.


In this article, a novel dielectric resonator perturbation for the dual mode bandpass filter is proposed. Using Ansoft HFSS, based on a three-dimensional FEM algorithm, the perturbation structure, which is placed on the ring type dielectric resonator, is analyzed to show the degeneration effect of the higher order mode. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed perturbation structure, a dual mode bandpass filter is realized.


Abstract In order to investigate the behaviors and stability of rock strata surrounding an entry with bolt supporting in large dip coal seams (LDCSs) dipping from 25° to 45°, a self-developed rotatable experimental frame for similar material simulation test was used to build the model with the dip of 30°, based on analyses of geological and technological conditions in Huainan mine area, Anhui, China. The strata behaviors, such as extracting- and mining-induced stresses development, deformation and failure modes, were synthetically integrated during working face advancing. Results show that the development characteristics of mining-induced stress and deformation are asymmetrical in the roadway. The strata behaviors are totally different in different sections of the roadway. Because of asymmetrically geometrical structure influenced by increasing dip, strata dislocating, rock falling and breaking occur in roof. Then, squeezing, collapsing and caving of coal happen in upper- and lower-rib due to shearing action caused by asymmetrical roof bending and dislocating. Owing to the absence of supporting, floor heaving is very violent and usually the zone of floor heaving develops from the lower-rib to upper-rib. Engineering practices show that, due to the asymmetrical characteristics of rock pressure and roadway configuration, it is more difficult to implement bolt supporting system to control rock stability of roadways in LDCSs. The upper-rib and roof of entries are the key sections. Consequently, it is reliable to use asymmetrical bolt-mesh-cable supporting system to control rock stability of roadways based on the asymmetrical characteristics of roadway configuration and strata behaviors.


The idea that qualified and well-intentioned professionals should work closely with the rural disadvantaged poor to bring positive changes in their lives was championed first by a national level NGOPRADAN (Professional Assistance for Development Action). This article focuses on the efforts of an NGO Harsha Trust which was founded by the author to face and surmount human resource challenges in sustaining and scaling up the organization over the long term.


Three series of new boron-containing spermidine/spermine (SPD/SPM) analogues have been synthesized: N1- and N5-(4-carboranylbutyl) SPD/SPM derivatives (SPD-1, SPD-5, SPM-1, SPM-5); N1,N10-diethyl-N5-(4-carboranylbutyl)spermidine (DESPD-5), N1,N14-diethyl-N5-(4-carboranylbutyl)spermine (DESPM-5); and N5,N10-bis(4-carboranylbutyl)spermine (SPM-5,10). In vitro studies using rat F98 glioma cells have shown that these polyamines retain the ability to displace ethidium bromide from calf thymus DNA and are rapidly taken up by F98 glioma cells. However, their cytotoxicities, especially those with terminal N-substituted (SPD-1, SPM-1) boron compounds, are greater than those of SPD/SPM. Nevertheless, the groundwork has been created for a new class of boron-containing compounds that maybe useful for boron neutron capture therapy of tumors.


Aerobic power is dependent on the ability of the respiratory and circulatory systems to transport oxygen from the air to the respiring tissues, and the ability of the tissues to use the oxygen to break down metabolic fuels. Much information are not available on the extent of changes observed in different systems of body and Aerobic power in untrained north and south Indian subjects during exercise. The present study has therefore been undertaken to investigate the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to submaximal exercise. and aerobic power or VO2max in young healthy untrained South and North Indians .50 North Indians and 50 South Indians, normal healthy normotensive male subjects in the age group of 18-25 years were selected to establish normal standards of cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergograph. Parameters like heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate were recorded at rest and peak exercise. Vo2max or aerobic power was calculated indirectly from Astrand – Ryhming nomogram after determining the work rate in kilopond meter per minute.Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate rose with exercise, while diastolic blood pressure recorded a fall. Mean arterial pressure was found to change very little. Aerobic power was found to be 2.73  0.21 L/min or 51.21 ml/kg/min in North Indians and 2.67  0.22 L/min or 49.19 ml/kg/min in South Indians. In the present study the aerobic power is statistically increased in north Indians compared to the south Indian which may be due regional variation of morphological characteristics ,socioeconomic, climatic and genetical variations.


This paper presents novel quasi-orthogonal space-time line code design for arbitrary base station antenna count and four terminal antennas. Comparison of the proposed design and other state-of-the-art systems is provided in terms of average bit error rate, ergodic capacity and diversity gain showing superior performance of the proposed system.


Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Flexible fixation of the tibio-fibular syndesmosis is designed to allow increased ankle motion and to potentially improve clinical outcomes compared to screw fixation. Flexible fixation has also been suggested to improve the rate of anatomic reduction. This randomized, multi-center study was designed to compare the rate of malreduction following treatment of high fibular fractures associated with syndesmosis injury with open reduction and internal fixation with either two fully threaded screws or one knotless Tightrope device. Methods: 101 patients from eleven sites were randomized and underwent operative fixation of their AO/OTA 44-C injury between June 2015-16. All patients demonstrated radiographic syndesmosis diastasis or instability following malleolar bony fixation. Open syndesmosis reduction was performed in all cases. Fixation was randomized to either Tightrope (T) or screws (S). Surgical techniques and rehabilitation were standardized. Follow-up at 2 and 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome measure was the rate of malreduction based on bilateral ankle CT scan results at 3 months post fixation. Secondary outcome measures included adverse events, reoperation, and validated functional outcomes including the EQ5D, OM Score, FADI, and WPAI. The estimated sample size required to detect a difference in reduction rate was 72 patients, but the estimated sample size required to detect a difference in functional outcome scores was 240 patients, suggesting the study was adequately powered for radiographic results only. Results: The rate of malreduction was 39% using screws compared to 15% using Tightrope (p = 0.028). Analysis of CT results was performed using a 2 mm translation or 10 degree rotation threshold for malreduction, and included fibular translation, syndesmosis distance, medial compression; and rotation. Patients in Group T had greater anterior translation compared to the contralateral limb (p=0.007) or Group S (p = 0.04). Group T syndesmoses also had greater diastasis compared to control limb (p=.005) and less fibular medialization compared to Group S (p = 0.05). Functional outcome measures demonstrated significant improvements but no differences between groups. FADI scores at each time interval were equivalent. The reoperation rate was higher in the screw group compared to Tightrope (30% vs 4%, p= 0.02). Conclusion: Treatment of tibio-fibular syndesmosis injury with the knotless flexible Tightrope device achieves lower rates of malreduction and reoperation compared to screw fixation.