With the rapid improvement in the efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), understanding their working mechanisms becomes more and more critical for their further optimization. In this work, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is utilized to characterize the surface potential (SP) distribution on the cross-sectional surface of planar PSCs. Devices with regular structure Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/ZnO/perovskite/2,2′,7,-7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-metho-xyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD)/Au and inverted structure Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO)/nickel oxide (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{NiO}_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula>)/perovskite/ZnO/Ag are studied. The analysis of KPFM measurement indicates that, while p-n junction forms at the perovskite/ZnO interface in regular planar PSCs, p-i-n junction exists in inverted planar PSCs with electric field peaks at perovskite/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{NiO}_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and perovskite/ZnO interfaces. In addition, charge injection barriers in planar PSCs are revealed with relative SP profiles obtained under different biases. In regular PSCs, charge injection barriers are only observed at the perovskite/ZnO interface and the contact between perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD is an ideal ohmic contact, while in inverted PSCs, charge injection barriers are observed at both perovskite/ZnO and perovskite/<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{NiO}_{x}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> contacts. The appearance of additional charge injection barriers in inverted PSCs exacerbates the charge recombination in these devices and leads to their relatively low open-circuit voltages. Our result indicates that the inefficient charge extraction is a major problem affecting the performance of planar PSCs.


Recently the University Grants Commission of India has introduced a multistage examination system in higher education institutes in the country. The new system, called the Credit Based Continuous Evaluation and Grading System (CBCEGS), assesses a student on the basis of her continuous evaluation during the semester, combined with her performance in the end semester examination. This multistage examination pattern provides an opportunity to students to improve their performance. If a student cannot perform well in tests during the semester, she can improve her performance in the end semester test. But it does not seem so easy. In certain courses, due to their difficulty level such as mathematics, a student may not be able to improve her knowledge at the last moment despite hard work. Though, it may be possible in case of courses that are comparatively easy such as System Analysis and Design. This paper analyzes and predicts students performance using data mining techniques for two data sets of 1000 students each one for Mathematics, and the other for System Analysis, and Design. This study can help the education community to understand learning behavior of students as far as courses of varying difficulty are concerned. It is observed that Classification and Regression Tree (CART) supplemented by AdaBoost is the best classifiers for the prediction of students' grades for both subjects. J48 supplemented by AdaBoost performs excellent for System Analysis, and Design but perform worst for mathematics and M5P generates best results for early prediction of students' marks in the major test.


The toxicities of three orchard insecticides commonly used to control the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens), were determined for this insect and for its eulophid parasitoid, Sympiesis marylandensis Girault, in an actively ventilated bioassay system. On the basis of LC50 values determined from insecticide residues on glass, only oxamyl was significantly more toxic to the moth than to the parasitoid. This enhanced selective toxicity to the moth was also apparent in a second bioassay system where the insects were exposed to oxamyl residues on apple leaf surfaces. Because exposure to insecticide residues on leaf surfaces more closely approximates the actual exposure situation in the field, these data support our contention that oxamyl may be the insecticide of choice in pest control strategies where leafminer control is necessary but where the grower also wishes to minimize insecticide selection against the beneficial parasitoid population.


This research aims to (a) discover the rationality of the values of local wisdom which is found in the teachings of the order (tarekat) of Shidiqiyah which has motivated the emergence of a strong spirit of entrepreneurship; (b) to explain how wealth is understood in the Shidiqiyah order; (c) to explain the behavior of the business agents of the members of the Shidiqiyah order in their effort to acquire wealth. The findings of this research shows that: (1) the strong spirit of entrepreneurship in the Shidiqiyah order is closely related to the the eight vows of willingness of the members of Shidiqiyah order, the teaching of the unity of faith and humanity, and the culture of charity, giving and maintenance of communication. (2) the members of the order believe that wealth has a very important position in their life, since wealth has not only an economic meaning but also spiritual, social, cultural and evangelical meaning; (3) in their effort to acquire wealth, they conduct business by giving emphasis to hard work and proper business management, but they also implement their strength in spiritual and social capital to achieve success in business.


A process for preparing the active embryonic peptide with coproduct of corn oil from the embryo bud of corn at the same time includes such steps as wet and thermal pretreating, grinding by colloid mill, multi-stage zymolysis, centrifugal separation to obtain fibres, corn oil and milk, concentrating the milk by nanometre filtering membrane, further concentrating, homogenizing, emulsifying, drying and granulating.


People sighted Football Manager as a comprehensive database that can bring real benefits to clubs. Built by about 1,300 scouts, the game provides access to complete reports of approximately 300 thousand individuals. The aim of this research was to investigate the development of young athletes in relation to current and potential abilities, using the simulator. This quantitative study used sixty reports generated by the simulator, the European and south American soccer season 2015/2016. The athletes were divided in two groups, with young aged 16 to 19 years, and another with 20-23 years. The main results showed the current capacity of the 2019/2020 season, with a significant difference between groups where the G2 showed better results. The results allow us to consider that digital games can be an important tool for information about athletes, making effective communication between managers and scouts in order to predict the performance of athletes on future.


A dairy development project funded by private company in collaboration with government, university, NGO, cooperatives, and other stakeholders was carried out to revitalize the dairy sector in Merapi area. The project started in 2012 in order to help dairy farmers who were affected by big eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010. Some challenges occured during the implementation of the project such as the low milk productivity, the low milk price, the animal health (Brucellosis), the low experience in dairy farming activity and the uncertainty of capital endowment (in particular cows) leading to a critical situation. Together with formal and informal farmers' leaders, the project management then changed the project activities by promoting, implementing and supporting an inclusive business model (in phase 2). The study aimed at understanding the role of the dairy development project phase 2 in 2016 to 2017 in affecting the milk value chain through an inclusive business model. The data were collected from the focus group discussion and the in-depth interview with 35 farmers, project management, NGO, private sector, community leaders, and other stakeholders. Qualitative and descriptive analysis were performed to understand the situation. The result showed that there was a change in milk value chain in the area. Initiated by beneficiary farmers, a new milk cooperative was established with more transparent and professional management. What is attracting farmers in joining this cooperative was the higher and the individual milk price given by this cooperative in order to have more profitability. Led by a vet and experienced farmers, cooperative members believed that this cooperative could bring more happiness not only for farmers but also for the cows. To conclude, the study underlines the importance of project activities in affecting milk value chain through promoting an inclusive business model.


Objective Finding a simple,objective and accurate method to compute splenic embolization percentage.Methods Using partial volume analysis(PVA) technique and the critical value method work out 40 cases' remnant splenic percentage in each section and the total.In the end,we analyzed and compared these data.Results At the extremity of spleen,the differences of the remnant spleen percentage using the two methods to compute were significant(P0.01).At middle section of spleen,the differences of the remnant splenic percentage were not significant(P0.05).The differences of the embolization percentage of the whole spleen in all patients were not significant(P0.05).Conclusion The two methods are both able to compute the embolization percentage of the spleen,and they are more concise.Compared with traditional method,critical value method has better stability.


I wish to call your attention to the subject of osteo penthesis, the subject of which I made brief mention at the last meeting of the New York State Medical Association, which convened in New York City. Dealing with bone tissue has been one of the most interesting subjects to me, and I may say to surgeons in general. The three principal points which I wish to bring out in this paper are as follows: First: How and when may bones be restored? Second: Should fragments of the bone be permanently removed except in case of amputation? Third: Should not exploratory incisions be made in cases of fracture of bones where doubt exists as to their character? I cannot do better, after making brief mention of these three interesting features, than to report the observations I have made in experimenting with the lower animals. In the first case: How and


Ultrasonic motors have been applied in feeding system of machine tools more and more widely in recent years.!However,traditional bond type standing wave type ultrasonic motors have low efficiency and power,so they are hard to be used in feeding systems.This paper proposed a bidirectional standing wave ultrasonic motor by using Langevin type bending transducer to excite bending wave.The vibration theory was used to analyze the operating principle:the bidirectional motion could be realized by exciting two different resonant bending wave if positioning the driving teeth at appropriate location.The finite element method was adopted to determine the structure dimensions and to verify that teeth tips trajectory were diagonal lines with same tilt angle.A prototype was fabricated and its mechanical output was measured,and the following performances were achieved: maximum thrust force 14N,maximum speed 180mm/s.


Nucleophilic addition of diethylphosphite to Bayllis-Hillman acetate 5 in the presence of K2CO3 provides E and Z-allylphosphonates 6 , which could be converted in the presence of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and benzoyl peroxide as catalyst into allylbromides 2 . The primary one is further converted via an efficient tandem "formylation-hydrolysis" into the corresponding primary allylalcohol 8 . The secondary allylbromides 2 react with TEAF via a β -elimination to give buta-1,3-dienes 9 .


THE ETHICAL issues of physician self-referral are somewhat distinct from the legal issues. But they do overlap, because the medical profession's code of ethics demands that physician investors comply with the law. Beyond this, however, there are separate considerations that determine whether a physician's investment in a medical facility is ethical. Legal analysts say that the new safe harbor regulations are guideposts, but are not the final word legally or ethically. A joint venture outside the safe harbors, for example, may or may not be legal, depending on its intent. (Please see accompanying article.) So, too, a joint venture outside of these safe harbors regulations may or may not be considered ethical. Incentives to Refer? Kirk Johnson, JD, general counsel of the American Medical Association (AMA), says that, in theory, physician joint ventures may have 100% ownership by referring physicians and still be ethical, provided certain conditions are met. Likewise,


The present invention, a polarizer protective film, a method of manufacturing the same, and a polarizing plate including a polarizer protective film. More particularly, excellent physical, not only shows the optical characteristics, relates to a polarizer protective film and the polarizing plate comprising the same having excellent adhesion. According to the polarizer protective film and the polarizing plate comprising the same of the present invention, comprises a high hardness, high transparency, and high abrasion Kizudo, because it can be thinned, it can be usefully applied to various display devices . .FIELD 1


In this paper, I explain variations in international investors' reactions to International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs. Investors react favorably if a borrowing government is credibly committed to implementing essential IMF conditionality. Instead of engaging complex information processing about economic reform, however, investors rely on a heuristic device to assess the borrower's domestic political conditions. I argue that a borrowing government's popularity is an important cue for investors to assess the prospect of an IMF program. Investors associate higher government popularity with better implementation of the program and react more favorably to more popular borrowers. Using annual data from up to 52 emerging market economies from 1998 to 2017, I find robust statistical evidence supporting these claims: an IMF program alone does not restore investor confidence. Rather, an IMF program carried out by a strong government does. My findings have important implications for the study of global financial governance and credible commitment.


The paper concerns the application of two machine learning algorithms – k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and support vector machines (SVM) for solving the problem of hand-written digit recognition. The main goal of the work is to derive recommendations for the choice of the K parameter in kNN (number of the nearest neighbors) so that the performance of kNN to be the near (or even better than) the performance of SVM – one of the most power machine learning known algorithms. The kNN distance function as well as the method for choosing a class of the recognized digit are explained. The presented experimental results show comparison of the kNN performance to SVM, regarding two criteria – percent of the correctly recognized digit images and run time for recognition. As a final result recommendations for the choice of the K value are summarized. Key-Words: machine learning, nearest neighbors, kNN, SVM, hand-written digits, recognition


Laser cladding is introduced as a process for preparing stainless steel -carbon steel metal laminated plates by cladding stainless steel powder on the carbon steel plate. The material properties, such as microstructure element diffusion, micro hardness and tensile fracture morphology, are analyzed through the metal material performance tests. The results show that laser cladding preparation of laminated plates can obtain dense and uniform layer; elements of Fe, Cr, Ni, et al. have a gradient diffusion around the combined surface and the diffusion region is about 12 μm , which indicates that combination of different materials by laser cladding belongs to metallurgical diffusion; micro hardness decreases from cladding layer to matrix, which makes a smooth stress transition between cladding layer and matrix, then enhance its overall mechanical properties; the yielded strength reaches 405 MPa and exceeds that of rolling laminated plates (326 MPa). Fracture morphology of matrix and diffusion zone belongs to ductile fracture and cladding layer is brittle fracture, further show that the interface of laser cladding laminated plates has a good combination performance.


For application in sonic transduction, a large strain of the active element is desirable; however, the advantage of the huge room‐temperature magnetostriction (≃0.2%) of certain rare earth‐iron alloys such as TbFe2 is tempered by its large anisotropy energy. Ternary alloys can be produced with the addition of holmium or dysprosium and the result is a compound with a respectable magnetostriction and a much lower anisotropy. This is a report of the magnetostriction properties of the terbium‐holmium‐iron system in the vicinity of minimum anisotropy. Room‐temperature data on the static and reversible magnetic permeability, static and dynamic magnetostrains, magnetostrictive constant d33, elastic constant s33B, and magnetomechanical coupling constant k33 are presented as a function of magnetic field and alloying composition. A comparison of these properties to those of nickel is made and the implications to engineering application are discussed.


Economic feasibility of rose under protected cultivation in Solan district of the mid-hill zone of Himachal Pradesh revealed that under the average size of landholding on the overall category was found 3.34 ha of which 23.01 percent was cultivated area. The cropping intensity was highest (173.04 percent) on small playhouse growers followed by semi-medium (172.66 percent), medium (164.20 percent) and large (138.48 percent). At the overall level, it was worked out to be 155.86 percent, which indicated that there was a scope to increase farm efficiency. It can be referred from the analysis that the average cost of production of rose per cut stem varied between 1.60 to 2.11. The net returns from the production of rose-cut stems were ? 3,21,728.66 under 500 m polyhouse, whereas, under 2000 2 m it was ? 15,94,952.69. The net present value of rose was found to vary between 8,37,453 to 5,80,871 under different sizes of non- 2 subsidized, whereas, under subsidized polyhouses, it ranged from 10,14,052 to 61,97,961 under 20 years life of polyhouse. A benefit-cost ratio under subsidized polyhouses of 500 to 2000 m varied 1.39 to 1.74 with an internal rate of return 28 to 41 percent. 2 Similarly, BCR varied from 1.30 to 1.66 under different sizes of non-subsidized polyhouses with an internal rate of 24 to 38 percent. At a discount rate of 10 percent, the present value of 1 received at the end of 20 years, varied between 1,12,117 to 7,77,664 under nonsubsidized and 1,35,760 to 8,29,775 under subsidized polyhouses of different sizes respectively. Therefore the production of rose-cut stems under subsidized and non-subsidized polyhouses infeasible and profitable. Hence, the economic indicators showed that protective cultivation is an economically viable option.


Terahertz response of wide-aperture plasmonic detectors is studied experimentally by using a focused terahertz radiation with frequencies 1.63, 1.89 and 2.55 THz. Two different types of plasmonic detector have been investigated: (i) field-effect transistor (FET) with a grating-gate of large (2×2 mm2) area and (ii) FET with a single gate and ohmic contacts forming a bow-tie antenna. By raster scanning the detector area by using a tightly focused terahertz beam, we studied the contribution of individual parts of the detector to the total detection response and we determined the effective area of the detector structures.


Temporal expressions in texts contain significant temporal information. Understanding temporal information is very useful in many NLP applications, such as information extraction, documents summarization and question answering. Therefore, the temporal expression normalization which is used for transforming temporal expressions to temporal information has absorbed many researchers' attentions. But previous works, whatever the hand-crafted rules-based or the machine-learnt rules-based, all can not address the actual problem about temporal reference in real texts effectively. More specifically, the reference time choosing mechanism employed by these works is not adaptable to the universal implicit times in normalization. Aiming at this issue, we introduce a new reference time choosing mechanism for temporal expression normalization, called reference time dynamic-choosing, which assigns the appropriate reference times to different classes of implicit temporal expressions dynamically when normalizing. And then, the solution to temporal expression defuzzification by scenario dependences among temporal expressions is discussed. Finally, we evaluate the system on a substantial corpus collected by Chinese news articles and obtained more promising results than compared methods.


Recently, anhydrous proton-conducting membranes have attracted remarkable interest for application to the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operated at intermediate temperature (100−20...


The structure of the database, server hosting options DBMS in the information network and the functionality of the client application software of systematization and registration of the operational reserve is considered.


sion (P < 0.01 vs vehicle). Gelatin zymography revealed that MMP-2 levels were significantly increased with combination therapy (P < 0.01 vs. vehicle, P < 0.05 vs. MSC or serelaxin alone). In vivo tracing studies showed MSCs homed to the UUO-injured kidney within 1 hour post transplantation where they remained for 36 h. Serelaxin also significantly increased MSC proliferation in vitro (14%; P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study is the first demonstrate that when used in combination, MSCs and the antifibrotic serelaxin, ameliorate pathological fibrosis and improve MSC-mediated repair, in part, via through the up-regulation of MMP-2.


Corms of Freesia hybrida hort. 'Aladdin' (semi-late flowering cultivar) were exposed to 3°C for 0-4 weeks from August 7, and then to 9°C for 6 weeks, and finally grown at 21°C. Exposing corms to 3°C stopped leaf initiation, and it had no influence on the flower-bud initiation which occurred during the subsequent exposure to 9°C. However, the 3°C treatment hastened flower bud development at 21°C and decreased the number of days at 21°C to flowering by a maximum 10 days. This promotive after- effect of 3°C was not obvious in the early flowering cultivar, 'Rapid Yellow'. Small corms (3.5g) of 'Aladdin' were less responsive to 3°C than were the larger corms (6g). The sensitivity to chilling was gradually increased with time after the corm dormancy broke, indicating that juvenility governs it. Both wet and dry corms responded to the chilling treatment, but the response disappeared when the corms were chilled under controlled atmosphere (CA) at 3% O2, 3% CO2 and 94% N2 or modified atmosphere (MA) in 0.04mm in thick polyethylene bags.


Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds, the owner of the clear cause, who inspired us and enabled us to search in the folds of the great Andalusian history that is familiar with the events that have always been and will be an important source from which every student of knowledge draws until we found ourselves in front of a sea full of information in the field of our specialization that prompted us to search, investigate and link ideas in the format of historical research scientifically systematic.
      Andalusia, from the conquest until the Arabs left it, was part of the important Islamic history, and this is what made us shed light on an important period, which is the period of the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula 91-95 AH. (1) and Tariq bin Ziyad (2).
      This research presents an accurate picture of the course of the conquest from several points of view represented by the emergence of the leadership personality in addition to the fame in the field of leadership thought, and this is what prompted the leaders of the conquest to use these points in the Andalusian lands, in addition to that the crowding of the opposite fears of Musa and the caliphate, each of them had a special vision It was invested by the leaders Tariq and Mughith (3) and the two caliphs, Al-Walid and Suleiman, sons of Abd al-Malik later. The research presents these crises, but in detail.


The invention discloses a method for preparing heparin with low molecular weight, which comprises the following steps: selecting heparin as the substrate, and degrading the heparin by maltose binding protein-heparinase I fusion protein to obtain heparin with low molecular weight, wherein the maltose binding protein-heparinase I fusion protein is a protein with aminoacid residue sequence of SEQ IDNo.1 in a sequence table. By adopting maltose binding protein-heparinase I fusion protein with higher enzyme activity, the method can stop the reaction by controlling different absorbance A235 in the degradation reaction to obtain heparin oligosaccharides with ideal average molecular weight, narrower distribution of molecular weights and higher activity.


TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library which may borrowed Copy two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Divisiony


Induced pluripotent cells have been produced with viral vectors and other transgenic approaches that modify the genome of the host cell. Transfection with mRNA encoding transcription factors eliminates genomic modification and has been successful with human cells. The objective of this study was to deliver synthetic mRNA to bovine fetal fibroblasts in a manner consistent with induced pluripotency. Plasmids encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and human OCT4 were used as templates for in vitro transcription of mRNA (ivtRNA) and used to transfect bovine fetal fibroblasts. Expression of GFP was measured by flow cytometry and cell viability by seeding a constant cell number and determining final cell count. Differences between treatments were tested by ANOVA at P ≤ 0.05. In the first experiment, ivtRNA concentrations of 140, 280, and 560 ng/well of a 24-well plate were used and cell number and fluorescence determined after 24 h. Transfected treatments had significantly fewer cells and greater fluorescence than controls. Cells transfected with 280 ng/well ivtRNA had the highest fluorescence. Cells were then transfected with 280 ng/well of ivtRNA and total cells and fluorescence determined after 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h. Cell number was significantly lower than controls for all time points but similar between time points. Fluorescence was greater than controls for all time points and peaked at 24 to 36 h. There was no difference in fluorescence between 24 and 36 h, but these time points were significantly greater than all other time points. From these data, we determined that sustained expression could be maintained with transfection every other day. Cells were transfected every other day with ivtRNA encoding GFP and fluorescence measured every 3 days. Fluorescence was greater than controls for all time points but did not increase with repeated transfection. After 6 transfections, there were no viable cells left. In the final experiment, cells were transfected every other day for 12 days with 140, 280, or 560 ng/well ivtRNA encoding human Oct4. After 12 days, RNA was isolated and bovine OCT4 transcripts measured by RT-PCR. Primers and PCR conditions were designed so that bovine OCT4 transcripts were amplified but human OCT4 ivtRNA was not. The bovine poly-adenylate polymerase (PAP) transcript was also amplified. After gel electrophoresis of RT-PCR products, band intensities were determined and a ratio of OCT4/PAP calculated. This ratio was 0.7 for controls and 1.2 for the 140 ng/well ivtRNA treatment. No bovine OCT4 expression was detected in the higher ivtRNA treatments because of poor cell viability. From these experiments, we conclude that ivtRNA can be transfected into and expressed by bovine fetal fibroblasts. Repeated transfections with ivtRNA encoding human OCT4 induced expression of the endogenous bovine OCT4 but cell viability was reduced. Further experiments utilising ivtRNA with modified bases are planned to reduce the cell toxicity of ivtRNA.


used to distinguish between gasoline consumption in the city and in the rural or open highway areas. "City" as used in this report, means all built-up areas and their suburbs; "highway" means all other areas. It is true that the greater part of vacation traveling is done outside of built-up areas, but Dr. Kirkpatrick makes necessary deductions on this account later in his report by knocking out such items as travel less than a hundred miles, business travel and so on. To be accurate, he should have given the passenger car's proportion of all gasoline consumed by motor vehicles, which is 75 per cent rather than 35 per cent. Total passenger car consumption, then, is 14,707,296,000 gallons rather than 6,824,I85,344 gallons as Dr. Kirkpatrick would have it. Then, accepting all other premises in the Kirkpatrick formula, we find that total transportation costs when vacationing by automobile are $732,296,000 rather than $339,832,000 as he claims. With this adjustment, and with all other elements in the formula unchanged, the total vacation expenditures work out at $3,969,47I,000 instead of Kirkpatrick's $2,359,208,o0o. This one correction, then, brings him willy-nilly right up into the rarefied atmosphere of $4,ooo,ooo,ooo where the other estimators have been hovering so long. The method adopted by Dr. Kirkpatrick would place vacation expenditures by motoris s at only $I,393,311,000. It so happens that in I938 we were able to obtain estimates from seventeen states on the volume of expenditures by out-of-state vacationing motorists. The total of their replies was more than $,500,oo )o,0oo-substantially above the amount set by Dr. Kirkpatrick for all fortyei ht states and the District of Columbia. If it is true, as traffic counts and surveys indicate, that more than 5o,ooo,ooo people use passenger cars for annual vacation trips, the Doctor's figures would indicate that the average cost of the entire vacation of two weeks is less than $27.oo-or less than $2.00 a day for transportation, accommodation, food and incidentals.


— Optimizing the coupling between a localized quantum emitter and a single-mode optical channel represents a powerful route to realise bright sources of non-classical light states. Reversibly, the efficient absorption of a photon impinging on the emitter is key to realise a spin-photon interface, the node of future quantum networks. Besides optical microcavities [1], photonic wires have recently demonstrated in this context an appealing potential [2, 3]. For instance, single photon sources (SPS) based on a single quantum dot in a vertical photonic wire with integrated bottom mirror and tapered tip have enabled for the first time to achieve simultaneously a very high efficiency (0.72 photon per pulse) and a very pure single photon emission ( g (2) (0) < 0 . 01). Furthermore, photonic wires with an elongated cross-section provide polarization control of the spontaneous emission of embedded emitters [4]. However, the performance of photonic wire SPS with tapered tips is sensitive to minute geomet-rical details and optimum behaviour is only obtained for ultra-sharp tips. Photonic trumpets [5], which exploit the opposite tapering strategy, overcome this important limitation. Moreover, they feature a Gaussian far-field emission, a strong asset for most applications. We report on the first implementation of this strategy and demonstrate an ultra-bright SPS (first-lens external efficiency: 0 . 75 ± 0 . 1) [5]. More generally, photonic trumpets appear as a very promising template to explore and exploit in a solid-state system the unique optical properties of "one-dimensional atoms".


In this paper, we investigated whether student reading comprehension could be improved with help of a teacher Professional Development (PD) program targeting goals, data use, and instruction. The effect of this PD program on 2nd- and 3rd-grade student achievement was examined using a pretest-posttest control group design. Applying propensity score matching, 35 groups in the experimental condition were matched to 35 control groups. Students in the experimental condition (n = 420) scored significantly higher on a standardized assessment than the control condition (n = 399), the effect size being d = .37. No differential effects of the PD program were found in relation to initial reading performance or grade. Different model specifications yielded similar albeit smaller effect sizes (d = .29 and d = .30). At the end of the program, students in the experimental condition were more than half a year ahead of students in the control condition.


The study of Newtonian mechanics gives students the first chance to question their commonsense assumptions and replace them with a more comprehensive worldview. Newtonian mechanics is a cornerstone of contemporary science. Furthermore, despite its essential significance, multiple studies demonstrate how challenging it is to properly comprehend the key elements of Newton's equations. Any initiatives to increase their teaching options are therefore encouraged. In order to help instructors in particular applications of Newton's third rule of action-reaction, we provide an experimental instrument. Our method consists of two flexible plastic strip dynamometers that have miniature neodymium magnetic disks connected to them. The amount of force being transferred using a magnetic field is shown by the plastic strip's radial distance. This very affordable arrangement is simple to assemble, efficient, and appropriate for many programs that call for many trial kits.


In the article various approaches to the formation of the system of innovating of the regional economy have been presented. This system is considered as a set of the elements defining the principles, rules and methods of realization of the processes of formation, distribution and realization of innovative products. Program -project approach is considered as an instrument of formation and functioning of the system of management of innovating of the economy of the region allowing to choose the most expedient and most effective directions of strategic development of economy of the region


Aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the scientific, methodological and practical provisions for the use of omnichannel marketing tools in the political sphere. Achieving the goal of the work necessitated the solution of the following tasks: to analyze the evolution of marketing tools in modern market conditions; determine the content of the marketing complex in the political sphere; to investigate the effectiveness of the use of marketing research to study the political sphere; determine the feasibility of applying the tools of marketing communication policy in the electoral process; substantiate the criteria for selecting priority marketing tools in the political sphere. Analyses results. Modern world trends in the development of society and market relations update digital marketing and its main tools, including targeting technology, which are used to link the success of marketing communication policy in any business project. Political advertising today is a prerequisite for a successful campaign and victory, so politicians are actively using the services of marketers. Election campaigns do not last long, but their success depends on the quality of previous work of the politician in the district, which should be based on marketing research of the main factors, study of possible competitors and requests from voters for goods (deputy). Only marketing research can answer all these questions. Advancing a candidate to win an election requires a well-structured communication policy, where marketing tools are most effective. Politicians actively use the services of PR-managers, but the greatest demand is for quality advertising. Emphasis is transferred to social networks, and the effectiveness of their application directly depends on quality targeting. Conclusions and directions for further research. The study of the experience of marketing tools in the political sphere suggests its universal nature, which, despite all the specifics of the policy and the high level of legal restrictions on its use, proves its effectiveness and is the key to the success of election campaigns. Proven effectiveness of the use of marketing tools in the electoral process at the local level can be fully applied to national elections. Each of these areas, of course, contributes its own features and specifics to its application, but it only enriches the theory and practice of modern marketing. Keywords: marketing, omnichannel marketing, digital marketing, targeting, marketing research, local elections, advertising campaign


Coronary artery bypass graft surgery using saphenous vein grafts was first introduced to a doubting world by Favaloro at Cleveland, Ohio, in the late 1960s. We were all suspicious that yet another surgical approach to coronary disease would be likely to go the same way as other enthusiastic operative measures; these attempts of the past included dragging the omentum up into the pericardial cavity, asbestos inserted into the pericardial sac, and internal mammary implants. Nevertheless, this operation has proved dramatically successful for many patients with angina that does not respond to medical treatment and it is this which is now universally accepted as the main indication for operation. Widespread and often acrimonious debate continues about the value of the operation in affecting prognosis. Hence now that it has become so common and so frequently successful in relieving angina, despite some return of angina later, it is obviously desirable to know what effects coronary artery bypass surgery has in enabling patients to return to work. At a symposium in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984, the foundation of this book, there were 48 papers, and 180 contributors were present, mainly from North America, Europe, and Israel (only two speakers were from the United Kingdom). As is usual in publications based on symposia, the quality of the papers is very variable, in both content and style. There is no index and some of the papers deal with subjects unrelated to the title of the book. Many of the papers have no summaries or conclusions-which have to be ferreted out; this is not always an easy task, particularly in those articles with no clear messages. If return to work is considered to be a "good thing," which is the usual attitude of our profession (in which sloth is not one of the more common vices), the results presented at the symposium are disappointing. Although the papers come from many different centres in different countries, most of the results are similar; nor do they come as any great surprise. Those who are not working before operation, those in the lower social classes, older patients, and those in countries with the highest unemployment rates have the lowest figures for returning to work after operation. The longer the preoperative waiting list and the less the improvement in angina, the worse the results. In one study from Germany one third of patients who had retired prematurely after operation were free from angina. Many authors emphasise that doctors' attitudes are highly relevant and that to "improve" the figures they have to be educated and patients have to be encouraged. A section in the book on return to work after angioplasty suggests that the results after this less traumatic procedure are no better than after coronary artery bypass surgery. Indeed, judged by return to work, neither bypass nor angioplasty appear to have much advantage over medical treatment. An interesting comment from a US centre is that about 30% of people are not back to work because of a "desire to relax" and that this attitude is much more common now than it was 15 years ago (relaxing seems to be a more positive pursuit to Americans than to Europeans, to whom it often seems to carry a stigma of idleness and loafing). But why should people return to work if they do not want to, and do not need to, after operation? This theme is developed in several discussions in the book and these are of much greater interest than the papers themselves. One speaker comments that ''return to work is a very poor yardstick to success of any type of medical treatment." A well known Dutch cardiologist comments that in the Netherlands those in the social services regard return to work as the criterion of success for both patient and doctor. The middle section contains papers on the cost effectiveness of coronary artery surgery, some with complicated mathematics but none with very clear conclusions. The last section contains papers relating to the results after rehabilitation. As with similar programmes after myocardial infarction there is good evidence for improvement in the quality of life but not in return to work. One paper from Bavaria reports a small series of 57 patients, 28 ofwhom returned to work and 29 did not. Six of the former died, compared with none of the latter, a surprising result which was significant at the 5% level. Little can be read into such a small study, however, and strangely nine of the workers and 15 of the non-workers were taking digitalis; the reasons for this are not stated but most of us would regard it as less efficacious than the fashionable aspirin and dipyridamole. Despite these points, the symposium's conclusions will certainly be noted by those who have to make decisions about the comparative merits of coronary artery bypass surgery, which is expensive, and other expensive operations which may be equally successful in relieving symptoms, such as hip replacement. We are constantly told that if we do not make efforts to assess our performance then someone else will do it for us (hence medical audit, unit budgeting, and other horrors). It is obviously important to look at return to work after illness, particularly if most patients after coronary artery bypass surgery are quite capable of doing so. The attitude of those in the Dutch social services is understandable but it raises questions about who in future may decide which of our patients have the greatest claims for expensive surgery. All this is for the future. For the present, the message of this not overenchanting book is that the incidence of return to work after coronary artery surgery is not as high as it might be, in considerable part because of the attitudes ofpatients and their doctors rather than because of symptoms. All cardiologists and cardiac surgeons know, however, how dramatically successful the operation is for many patients. Many of them, particularly the younger ones, can and do return to work and to strenuous physical activity and consequent greater happiness. Return to work seems a bonus that not all seem to want. PETER CARSON


This veto message from Governor Mark Sanford vetoes S.481, R. 182, a bill that creates the South Carolina Certified Athletic Trainers Foundation. The eleven-member foundation is intended to solicit and accept donations to ensure that a certified athletic trainer is on staff in every middle school and high school.


Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth's surface has many implications for human health. There appear to be complex relationships between skin cancers and sun exposure (Heisler and Grant 2000a, Heisler and Grant 2000b, Vitasa, et al. 1990). These health effects may have been exacerbated by depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and attendant increases in UV-B (320-280 nm) radiation (de Gruijl 1995), because average UV-B irradiance has increased about 4 to 6% in mid-latitudes since the 1970's (Madronich, et al. 1998). However, changes in habits of recreation, dress, and the increased value placed on a "tan" are evidently largely to blame for most of the increases in skin cancer rates in recent decades (Heisler and Grant 2000a). The health impact of solar UV depends on the environmental conditions as well as human habits. Researchers have made significant improvements in the prediction of open-environment exposure of surfaces at various slopes (Grant 1998, McKenzie, et al. 1997, Parisi and Wong 1994). However, most people spend much of their outdoor time in environments in which there is significant obstruction to sky and direct sun by buildings and trees. Prior studies have shown that the irradiance at pedestrian heights is significantly influenced by canopies of trees and buildings (Grant 1997, Grant and Heisler 1996, Grant, et al. 2002, Heisler, et al. 2003a). Tree cover in most urban areas is substantial; in a survey study of the tree cover of many cities, Nowak and coworkers (1996) indicate that tree cover in residential areas ranges from 48% in forested climates, to 27% in grassland climates, and 11% in desert climates. Human exposure to UV-B radiation and the effects of shading objects have often been described for clear sky conditions. Although survey measurements showed that cloud cover influences the relative exposure to UVB radiation in shaded environments (Moise and Aynsley 1999); it is well known that cloud cover does not greatly reduce the UV irradiance until the cover is opaque and nearly overcast (Barton and Paltridge 1979, Frederick and Steele 1995, Grant and Heisler 2000). However, we expect the type, thickness, and fractional cover of clouds to cause variation in UV-B irradiance beneath trees; especially because the irradiance under partly cloudy skies is affected by scattering off the sides of clouds (Mims and Frederick 1994). One approach to evaluating cloud cover effects on UV-B exposure of people under tree canopies in different neighborhoods is to model the relative irradiance beneath tree canopies compared to above canopy irradiance and then to use measured or modeled UV-B irradiance above the canopy to approximate the irradiance under the canopy. The above-canopy UV-B irradiance can be derived from monitoring networks such as that of the United States Department of Agriculture UV-B Radiation Monitoring Program (Bigelow, et al. 1998) or from other UV-B measurements (Heisler, et al. 2003b). A recent model of UV-B irradiance above canopy, including cloud effects is also available (Madronich, et al. 1998), and in this paper we use this model and a model of radiation transmission through tree canopies to estimate UV-B exposures under tree canopies in the Baltimore, MD area under variable cloud conditions and tree cover.


The present invention relates to that, in particular, the optical communication module and a manufacturing method for an optical signal having a hybrid integrated possible amplifier, it relates to an optical signal amplification apparatus for compensating for attenuation of the signal during transmission of the optical signal. And an optical signal amplifying device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, wherein the first substrate is formed with a recess (recess) on a surface; It is mounted in the recess, and a light emitting diode (LED) outputting a pumping light; Is formed on the second surface of the substrate, it characterized in that it comprises SRSO (silicon rich silicon oxide) optical amplifying section for amplifying and outputting an input optical signal by a pumping light supplied from the LED. An optical signal amplifier, a hybrid integrated, SRSO, light emitting diodes, silicon nanocrystals


The author of this paper held that the standards for P.E teachers' qualifications of American basic education could help China in establishing P.E teachers' qualifications that could meet the national situation and improve the P.E teachers' qualities.


Enterprise-oriented accountant firms can choose the organization models from among sole, company and partnership. Partnership is more effective in comparison with sole and company while limited liability partnership is a most scientific organization model in promoting accountants to be self-disciplined, keeping the role of independent audit to reduce the risk of accounting information. The realistic choice of definition between regulations of independent audit organization remains some differences. So, we should perfect the criterion of partnership, reform the revenue system of partnership enterprises, set up personal property registered system and mutual property system to establish CPA's occupation liability risk insurance system as soon as possible.


Nowadays, the obesity is an healthy problem with large proportions in the developed countries and affects respiratory physiology both at rest and in exercise. The aim of this study is to evaluate lung function in young football players and verify the influence of the body mass index (BMI) at rest and after training. For this thirty-eight children were selected from a football school, and were evaluated using a questionnaire, anthropometric measures and respiratory function tests (RFT). The BMI does not have significant effect on the spirometry. However, there was a strong correlation between lung function parameters and variables like age and height. In conclusion, this study suggests that weight does not affect the performance in the lung function in children and the height and age are the strongest preditive variables. With this study, the respiratory physiology of obese children and young football players was explored and emphasizes the role of physiotherapists in the evaluation and management of obesity.


We consider the Chalker-Coddington network model for the integer quantum Hall effect, and examine the possibility of solving it exactly. In the supersymmetric path integral framework, we introduce a truncation procedure, leading to a series of well-defined two-dimensional loop models with two loop flavors. In the phase diagram of the first-order truncated model, we identify four integrable branches related to the dilute Birman-Wenzl-Murakami braid-monoid algebra and parameterized by the loop fugacity n. In the continuum limit, two of these branches (1,2) are described by a pair of decoupled copies of a Coulomb-gas theory, whereas the other two branches (3,4) couple the two loop flavors, and relate to an SU(2){sub r}xSU(2){sub r}/SU(2){sub 2r} Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) coset model for the particular values n=-2cos[{pi}/(r+2)], where r is a positive integer. The truncated Chalker-Coddington model is the n=0 point of branch 4. By numerical diagonalization, we find that its universality class is neither an analytic continuation of the WZW coset nor the universality class of the original Chalker-Coddington model. It constitutes rather an integrable, critical approximation to the latter.


The aim of the study was to determine the effects of existing and planned facilities on the water quality, and to propose some measures for the protection and improvement of water quality in the basin. For this purpose, the water quality was monitored on the river itself during the last 2 years 2008-2009. After the evaluation of the data collected by using computerized methods, water quality map was prepared, and the MODQUAL mathematical model was applied to the basin to determine the probable effects of different scenarios on the water quality of the river. The simulated water quality variables were: NH 3 -N, NO 3 -N, NO 2 -N, BOD 5 , DO, o-PO 4 , and COD. At the end of the study, it was determined that water quality of Buyuk Menderes river and its effluent presents generally polluted water quality in terms of various observed parameter groups. Values obtained by modeling in irrigation season are presented comparatively with analytically measured values. Analytical and modeling results of six of those parameters - except NO 3 -N- presented regular consistency. In winter season, a general consistency was provided in modeling of all parameters. It was purposed that the waste water originated from domestic and industrial activities should be treated before discharging them to the water bodies, and amount of fertilizer and pesticides used in agriculture should be under strict control throughout the basin in order to protect the water quality and prevent pollution of the water resources.


The invention discloses a sulfoacid/carboxylic acid type hydrophilic chain extender and a preparation method of the sulfoacid/carboxylic acid type hydrophilic chain extender. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving maleic anhydride, diethanol amine or diisopropanolamine in a solvent, respectively; adding maleic anhydride solution into a reactor and slowly adding diethanol amine or diisopropanolamine solution to perform amidation reaction after the rise of the temperature; removing the solvent by means of reduced-pressure distillation after the mixture is fully reacted to obtain white powder; recrystallizing the white powder by using ethanol; filtering and drying a crystalline substance to obtain white powder which is an amidated reaction intermediate of the sulfoacid/carboxylic acid type hydrophilic chain extender; dissolving the white powder intermediate obtained by the amidation reaction and a sulfonating agent, adding the mixture into the reactor for fully stirring; performing sulfonation reaction at a risen temperature, reducing the temperature until the mixture is reacted fully; filtering and drying the solution to obtain white powder, i.e. the sulfoacid/carboxylic acid type hydrophilic chain extender.A molecular chain of the hydrophilic chain extender prepared by the method contains a sulfonic acid group and a carboxylic acid group.


Women are not only benefited from but also contributing to western area development inChina. While formulating policies for western m development, we should take women's role and theeffects on women into account. Women's special needs should be given Priority to while working outProgrammes of action, on the preference to the goal of making people rich. Important measures also include improving women's ability and providing them with the chances to give full Play in the westernarea development.


The article deals with the theoretical development and experimental checking of the system of forming reading interest at schoolchildren taking into account pedagogical conditions it's forming and developing by means of the Kazakh national pedagogy. The authors state that the upbringing potential of the Kazakh national pedagogy means in combination with the traditional practice of upbringing provides effectiveness and productivity of the process of forming reading interest of pupils in the content of ethno-cultural educational paradigm. In the work were used the following methods: theoretical analysis and studying philosophic, psychological-pedagogical literature, studying and synthesis of the advanced school experience of schools and libraries; organization and carrying out of the pedagogical experiment, comparative analysis; purposeful studying of activities of teachers, librarians, parents, pupils; questioning; statistic-mathematical methods of processing of the experimental work results. [Saule Magzhan, Zhanna Aydarkyzy Ismailova, Baltagul Ospankyzy Ospanova, Zhanar Kyikbaykyzy Suyinzhanova, Rano Alikyzy Supabekova, Alina Kuandykovna Bimaganbetova, Talgat Abubakirovich Daniyarov. Pedagogical Conditions Of Forming Reading Interest Of Schoolchildren By Means Of The Kazakh National Pedagogy. Life Sci J 2014;11(11):196-204] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 27


The harmless and economical disposal of the concentrated waste emulsion from cold rolling of iron and steel production was studied.Based on the comparative analysis of coacervation method cooperated with centrifugal separation and white clay adsorption recycling process,high voltage electrostatic demulsification and chemical refining combined process,the mixture sintering process for harmless disposal of the wastewater was proposed according to the producing practice.The said process can treat the concentrated waste emulsion that from the cold rolling effectively and thoroughly,and has good economical and social benefits,which is worth to be papularized.


In recent years, deep learning (DL) has inspired a myriad of advances within the scientific computing community. This subset of artificial intelligence relies on multiple components of applied mathematics, but what type of relationship do applied mathematicians have with DL? This question was the subject of a plenary talk by Yann LeCun (Facebook and New York University) at the virtual 2020 SIAM Conference on Mathematics of Data Science,1 which took place earlier this year. LeCun provided a brief history of machine learning (ML), highlighted the mathematical underpinnings of the field, presented both his vision and several broad open questions for ML's future, and discussed applied math's current relation and potential impending contributions. A 2018 SIAM News article by Gilbert Strang, entitled "The Functions of Deep Learning,"2 offers an introduction for those who are unfamiliar with neural networks, ML, and DL.


This article describes the narratives about refugees and migrants as well as information about the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of mutual understanding, solidarity with others, community-building in a crisis, all presented through the media of photographs. This article is the result of an analysis of visual images on the internet. These two crises reveal different attitudes to solidarity in Europe, both among the citizens as well as politicians of different countries. the eruption of the migrant crisis in Europe showed that the Others became present in the mainstream media, on an unprecedented (hitherto) scale. Earlier the Others or Out siders were present, principally in travel-related media. Distant, exotic and non-threatening. It was not he, who came to Europe but rather Europeans visited him for a short while in the safe position of a tourist. This often did not even entail the need to enter into a dialogue or interact in any way as these tasks were carried out by the tour operator's employees 11 .


Pathology of Pulmonary Disease is a comprehensive reference distinguished by its numerous outstanding contributors and strong clinical correlations. It represents a holistic approach to pulmonary disease, how it affects the patient and how it can be recognized and defined by pathologic means. The concisely written, well-organized chapters cover a broad scope of topics including characteristic features, functional aspects, etiology, morphology and pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. This text contains over 1,000 superb color and black and white illustrations of fundamental gross and microscopic features of pulmonary disease. This is an invaluable text for both practicing pathologists as well as students preparing for the boards


We report the observation of slow optical rogue waves (ORW). For these events the time of decay of autocorrelation function is significantly shorter than the length of the pattern in difference with the fast ORWs.


It is well known that Rochelle salt, NaKC4H4O6 . 4H2O, for a limited range of temperature may, for practical purposes, he said to have an infinite dielectric constant analogous to the infinite permeability of iron in its ferromagnetic state. Such states, it is now realized, occur in a number of phenomena and a common description is of value; we shall refer to them as co-operative states . The co-operative state in Rochelle salt is limited by an upper critical temperature T u (or Curie Point) such that for T > T u the susceptibility though large is finite and decreases rapidly as T increases. Unlike the corresponding magnetic substances there is also a lower critical temperature T l such that for T < T l the susceptibility is again finite and decreases as T decreases. It is agreed that these phenomena are to be explained by the orientation of polar molecules in the crystal—the polar molecules in these particular crystals being undoubtedly water molecules present as water of crystallization. The co-operative state and the upper critical temperature T u can be explained by an exact analogy of the Weiss-Langevin theory of ferromagnetism, and no difficulties are raised by the large size of the necessary molecular field. The interaction energy of electrical dipoles is so large that it supplies precisely the necessary term which it fails to do in the magnetic case. The explanation of this part of the phenomenon requires the polar water molecules to be orientating freely under the influence of the effective applied electric field. The lower critical temperature T l can and must then be explained, it is believed, by a failure of the free rotations at lower temperatures which can so cut down the efficiency of the response to the applied field that the material is no longer self- polarizing. Again the dielectric constant of ice or water is finite at all temperatures, and falls to low values even for low frequencies as the temperature is decreased below 150° K. This can only be understood, assuming that the H2O molecule in ice or water carries the same dipole as in steam, or even a comparable one. if its orientations are not free but severely restricted by the local Held of its neighbours, even at the highest temperatures for which the dielectric constant of water has been investigated. The water dipoles are so numerous and so strong that water and ice would be co-operative at all temperatures if the dipole carriers were even approximately free. Somewhat similar phenomena occur for other polar liquids such as some of the alcohols and nitrobenzene which arc believed to be explicable in the same way. Rochelle salt, and its variants in which ammonium replaces potassium, arc the only known substances with a co-operative state. While there is probably general agreement about these qualitative explanations, it seems that no quantitative discussion has yet been given, even of any simplified model, which really displays behaviour of the types observed. Such a discussion of a simple model will be given in this paper. The exact results for the simple model reproduce many of the features observed, but naturally the model is too much simplified to expect it to provide a faithful representation of every detail. It is, however, possible to sec the modifications necessary in the model to make it the better fit the facts, and to see. moreover, that these modifications arc physically reasonable. The need for such a quantitative theory was first brought clearly to my notice at a conference on the solid state held in Leningrad in 1932. As will appear, however, an essential feature of the theory is an application of the ideas of order and disorder in metallic alloys, where the ordered state is typically co-operative, recently put forward by Bragg and Williams.* As soon as their ideas are incorporated the theory " goes."


The major means of exposure to man-made sources of radiation is due to diagnostic examinations with X-ray. In the current research, for making practical the programs of reducing the patient's absorbed dose and increasing the quality of radiographic images in Sistan and Baluchestan hospitals, the patients surface dose and image quality were evaluated. In the first stage of experiment, the image quality and the cause of low quality of images was evaluated for a period of one month, and the patient dose for 10 adults in 7 projection were calculated in this study. Then the quality control tests were conducted to determine the equipment failures and provide appropriate corrective actions. Subsequently in the second stage of study, the image quality and patients dose were compared with the first stage of experimental data. The ESAK mean for all the centers, before and after implementing the quality control program was achieved as 0.48±0.30 and 0.37±0.20 for chest (anterior-posterior), 3.4±1.67 and 3.13±1.25 for lumbar spine (anteriorposterior), 8.81±7.72 and 7.56 ±5.99 for lumbar spine (lateral), 3.56±1.85 and 3.34±1.74 for the abdomen (anteriorposterior), 2.79±1.40 and 2.71 ±1.24 for pelvis (anterior-posterior), 2.27±1.43 and 2.1±1.25 for the skull (anteriorposterior) and 1.50±0.87 and 1.43±0.76 for the skull (lateral), respectively.(the data are based on mGy). The radiographic images quality was also increased between 0 to 10% after implementing quality control program. Results obtained show that a quality control program to reduce patient dose and increase radiographic image quality is necessary to ensure that all radiological examinations are performed under the terms of less received dose for the patients and the received images have good quality.


Expansive soils are the soils that expand when comes in contact with water and shrinks when the water within them gets evaporates. These soil are treated as problematic soils for various construction activities hence there is an essential to improve its strength against load effects and also to alter their behaviour against moisture conditions. This review aimed to study the behaviour of expansive soil stabilized using various natural and industrial processed materials such as cement, polymer, lime, rice husk ash, stone dust, fly ash, coir fiber and its pith, jute, bagasse ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The paper covers the discussion on experimental test results of black cotton soil conducted by various researchers. The tests being basic geotechnical properties, maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, unconfined compressive strength test (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), etc., are presented.


We introduce in this paper a new method for smooth foldover‐free warping of images. It allows users to specify the constraints in two different ways: positional constraints to constrain the position of points in the image and gradient constraints to constrain the orientation and scaling of some parts of the image. We then show how our method is used for texture mapping with hard constraints. We start with an unconstrained planar embedding of the target mesh calculated with conventional methods. In order to obtain a mapping that satisfies the user‐defined constraints, we use our warping method to align the features of the texture image with those of the unconstrained embedding. Compared to previous work, our method generates a smoother texture mapping and offers higher level of control for defining the constraints.


Nowadays communications through mobiles, computers, laptops, wireless networking technologies have extended to a great level. This does a maximum coverage all over the world. Security issues has also been crossed a level in Wi-Fi network because of the unauthorized users and the Wi-Fi hackers. So to implement the possible Security WEP, WPA, as has been proposed in this paper to overcome the possible security problems. These both protocols are generally used to encrypt the current data and information, so that the unauthorized and hackers cannot be able decrypt the data and hack the Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks. Many accessories can be linked with the Wireless Fidelity network with the help the Access Point (AP). Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network is also compared with Wi-Fi Network for better performance in the security and also for the authorization purpose.


Comprising a box of family correspondence and recipe book, the Markoe and Emlen Families Correspondence at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania is a rich source of information for scholars of food history and mid-nineteenth-century women's roles. In addition, it offers abundant information on topics including but not limited to medicinal practices and social networks and conventions in Philadelphia's upper classes. Researchers would not have to travel far to follow the breadcrumbs provided by this collection, as the breadth of HSP's archive can answer most queries. Many old Philadelphia names appear in the correspondence, such as Biddle, Camac, Cox, and Physick, each of which has a collection at HSP. Anyone wishing to know what the Markoe and Emlen families' Philadelphia looked like need look no further than HSP's collection of David Kennedy's watercolors. Spanning 1836–98, sixty linear feet of watercolors and pencil sketches represent many aspects of Philadelphia. Of primary interest for scholars of food history is the recipe book. This manuscript includes more than four hundred recipes, organized into sections titled Meats, Sauce, Vegetables, Puddings, Desserts, Soups, Cakes, Preserved Fruits, Liquors, Food for the Sick, Medicines, Pickles, and Sundries. The book was written by Hitty Markoe, Ellen Emlen's mother, which can be established by examining the correspondence. The penmanship matches letters written by Markoe. Ellen Markoe Emlen's name appears on the inside front cover in the same hand in which the recipes were written. The book dates from roughly 1800–1860. Markoe was born in 1782, and a written date of 1860 appears on page 189.1 If Markoe received cooking advice from her own mother, the date could be earlier.


1992. He has a particular interest in the process of entrepreneurship and supply chain networks. He has investigated the influence of key factors such as market coordination , continuing development of technical controls, access to information, costs and 'trust characteristics' on supply chain network governance structures. His teaching includes interaction with both full-time students on campus in UCC and industry through a wide range of continuing education programmes. He is Director of the Diploma in Supply Chain Management that is designed for those working in industry who wish to enhance their supply chain management skills. This programme aims provide all organisational functions with acute awareness of costs and the ability to enhance value-adding activities. More information on this programme can be found at


Apache Storm is a distributed processing engine that can reliably process unbounded streams of data for real‐time applications. While recent research activities mostly focused on devising a resource allocation and task scheduling algorithm to satisfy high performance or low latency requirements of Storm applications across a distributed and multi‐core system, finding a solution that can optimize the energy consumption of running applications remains an important research question to be further explored. In this article, we present a controlling strategy for CPU throttling that continuously optimize the level of consumed energy of a Storm platform by adjusting the voltage and frequency of the CPU cores while running the assigned tasks under latency constraints defined by the end‐users. The experimental results running over a Storm cluster with 4 physical nodes (total 24 cores) validates the effectiveness of proposed solution when running multiple compute‐intensive operations. In particular, the proposed controller can keep the latency of analytic tasks, in terms of 99th latency percentile, within the quality of service requirement specified by the end‐user while reducing the total energy consumption by 18% on average across the entire Storm platform.


Abstract The network model of EEG formation has revealed a unified mechanism for disparate EEG phenomena: for various reactions as well as for ontogenetic and phylogenetic differences. EEG rhythmicity was shown to be an external manifestation of the functioning of the intracortical stabilizing system which provides normal informational operations in the cerebral cortex.


Parabolic antennas, which are wildly used as high-gain antennas for point-to-point communications, need many iterations of design-fabrication-test in parabolic antenna development. However, traditional molding via mechanical processing takes a long manufacturing cycle and high cost. In this paper, a 3D-printed CF/nylon composite parabolic mold for CF/epoxy parabolic antenna is studied. It's found that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 3D-printed CF/nylon composite is usually anisotropic due to the low adhesion between printed layers and the aligned short carbon fiber along the printing trace. Here an inclined mode of 3D printing could uniform the CTE of the antenna mold and solve the problems of large printing steps and the separation of supports and mold occurred in horizontal and vertical modes, respectively. The parabolic mold also reveals high profile precision with a low root mean square (RMS) deviation of 0.14 mm. Utilizing the 3D-printed CF/nylon composite mold, parabolic antenna skin with low surface RMS deviation of 0.16 mm was successfully fabricated by laying CF/epoxy prepreg and curing in autoclave. This research about isotropic and smooth 3D-printed CF/nylon mold may support the low-cost and rapid mold development for microwaves relay links on ground and satellite communication antennas.


A method of providing a system and method for automatic TV shopping automatic telephone dialing to complete the purchase of the product. Supplementary information transmitted together with the television programs provided corresponding to the items to be purchased, the user can select the icon of the product or service or area. The icon can be part of or the composition of the separation of advertising from television programs or part may be related to the television program. Reverse dedicated channel from the television to the call center modem / computer is preferably established by a television modem connection, via a user selection of an icon control system start the order process. User pre-stored television data may be initially transmitted to the call center computers. Once complete the transaction on the spot agent passes screen message informing the user and field agents "talk", while TV is no longer connected to allow users and agents in exchange for minimal continue.


It is reported that the incidence of thromboembolism is increased in ulcerative colitis (UC), and hypercoagulability persists even when patients are in remission. We evaluated the association of inflammatory response parameters with UC activity, and activation parameters of the platelets, endothelium, and the coagulation system in UC. Eighteen UC patients and 19 healthy subjects were included in the study. The patients' clinical features were recorded down; whole blood counts and acute phase parameters were evaluated. UC patients were divided into two as active (9 patients) and inactive (9 patients) according to combined clinical activity index (CAI) and endoscopic activity index (EAI) scores. In all subjects, platelet CD62P expression, platelet–monocyte complexes (PMC), platelet–neutrophil complexes (PNC), and platelet microparticles (PMP) were determined by flow cytometry. E‐selectin, thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT) levels in plasma, and sCD40L levels in serum were determined by ELISA. In both active and inactive UC patients, platelet CD62P expression, the percentages of PMC, and PNC were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.01). PMP level was higher in the control group than in inactive UC patients (P = 0.001). sCD40L level was significantly higher in active UC group than in the control group (P < 0.01). EAI score correlated significantly with PMP (r = 0.5, P = 0.04) and sCD40L (r = 0.48, P = 0.044); CAI score had a negative correlation (r = −0.68, P = 0.002) with sE‐selectin level. In addition to increased CD62P expression and sCD40L, increased formation of PMC and PNC suggests a role for platelet–leukocyte complex formation together with platelet activation in thromboembolic events observed in UC. Am.J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper has some assessments on the four propositions about the origin of capitalism,that is,the propositions of commerce,population,production model,and class struggle and capitalist spirit.After a brief synopsis of them about the main ideas and masters,the author holds that a society is a complex and comprehensive system,there are many variables affecting its movement;we can not get to its truth about its historical stimuli without multiple approaches,and only through some studies concerning its essential parts can we touch the essence of the promoting forces of social movement.


Today, main hub airports are already at their capacity limit and hence, smaller airports have become more interesting for providing point-to-point connections. Unfortunately, the use of regional airports induces an increased environmental footprint for the population living around it. In an attempt to solve the related problems, the research project Coordinated Research Centre 880 aims to examine the fundamentals of a single-aisle aircraft with active high-lift configuration powered by two geared ultra-high bypass turbofan engines mounted over the wing. Low direct operating costs, noise shielding due to the over-wing configuration, and short runway lengths are the main advantages. Highlighting the performance, economical and noise benefits of a geared ultra-high bypass engine is the key aim of this paper. This assessment includes a correspondingly adjusted aircraft. Open literature values are applied to design the two investigated bypass ratios; a reference engine with a bypass ratio of 5 and 17 respectively. This study shows that a careful selection of engine mass flow, turbine entry temperature and overall pressure ratio determines the desirable bypass ratio. The aircraft direct operating costs drop by 5.7% when comparing the designed conventional with a future ultra-high bypass ratio engine. Furthermore, the sound at source for a selected mission and operating condition can be reduced by 7 dB. A variable bypass nozzle area for the ultra-high bypass ratio engine is analysed in terms of performance and operability. An increase of safety margin is shown for the turbofan engine with a variable bypass nozzle. It is concluded that this unconventional aircraft configuration with ultra-high bypass ratio engines mounted over the wing has the potential to relieve main hub airports and reduce the environmental impact.


In this paper we study the topology of the cobordism category of open and closed strings. This is a 2-category in which the objects are compact one-manifolds whose boundary components are labeled by an indexing set (the set of "D-branes"), the 1-morphisms are cobordisms of manifolds with boundary, and the 2-morphisms are diffeomorphisms of the surface cobordisms. Our methods and techniques are direct generalizations of those used by U. Tillmann in her study of the category of closed strings. We input the striking theorem of Madsen and Weiss regarding the topology of the stable mapping class group to identify the homotopy type of the geometric realization of the category of open and closed strings as an infinite loop space.


ABSTRACT Interprofessional Learning (IPL) prepares and upskills health service providers to function optimally in their collaborative care role. Expanding IPL to communities outside of traditional institutional and clinical settings is critical. We aimed to document the students' and facilitators' reflections on an IPL experience through community site assessments. This was a descriptive qualitative case study in which students and facilitators were assigned to multidisciplinary teams, to conduct community site assessments. Data were collected from both students' and staff's reflections on the activity. A total of 401 students and 4 academic staff facilitators participated in 22 community sites. The main themes that were generated were; an emerging sense of advocacy, appreciation of their socio-economic status and multidisciplinary collaboration within the faculty. Exposure through community site assessments is recommended to strengthen the multidisciplinary collaboration among faculty academic staff and to prepare undergraduate students to become a collaborative practice-ready health workforce within and outside institutional and clinical settings.


The influences of four proportion factors,including the mix quantities of regenerated aggregate,fly ash,water reducing agent and various sorts of fiber,on the mechanical properties of fiber recycled concrete were analyzed,which was the frost resistance of recycled concrete by utilizing the orthogonal testing method.The results indicated that the strength and frost resistance of recycled concrete could satisfy performance requirements.


processes leads to formation at late stages the products mixture capable to fractionating by dialy-sis. The analysis of IR spectrums in carbonyl area shows existence in the complete reaction systems products of absorption bands, assigned to β -dicarbonyl and the conjugated β -hydroxy- α , β enone fragments (1600, 1625, 1720 cm -1 ), which are not fixed in IR-spectrums of nondialyzable products. On this basis it is possible to refer the considerable proportion of the colored products to low-molecular structures, whereas the IR-spectrum of nondialyzable product rather "poor" in bands represents an oligomeric component of caramels.


The internal transcribed spacer of gene coding for rDNA of Russula subnigricans and Russula nigricans were sequenced and analyzed, and 5.8S rDNA sequences and ITS1 sequences of R. subnigricans were reported for the first time. The results show that there is no difference between 5.8S rDNA sequences of R. subnigricans and R. nigricans, but the length discrepancy and sequence polymorphism of ITS1 and ITS2 are existed between the two species. Their intraspecies distinctions did not exceed 5%, but their interspecies distinctions were about 10%. The ITS sequence can be used as identification method for R. subnigricans and R. nigricans.


Objective. To assess the expediency and necessity of implementing the dissection of the central cervical lymph nodes (group VI) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.
Materials and methods. The results of preoperative examination, surgical treatment and its follow-up were evaluated in 210 patients, who along with thyreoidectomy, underwent dissection of the central cervical lymph nodes (group VI).
Results. It was established that for papillary thyroid cancer, a high frequency of cervical lymph node metastasis is typical. During the preoperative examination, (US and cytological study), metastases were detected in 23.5 % of patients, and while pathomorphological study of the removed central neck cellular tissue in 47.4 % more. Therefore, preventive dissection of the central cervical lymph nodes (VI group) is worthwhile.
Though expansion of the volume of operations in patients with papillary thyroid cancer at the expense of dissecting the central cervical lymph nodes in addition to the thyroid gland, leads to insignificant elevation of the number of complications but in the remote period (35 years), volume expansion of operations has no negative impact on the indicators of physical and psychical components of the life quality.
Conclusions. The obtained objective information regarding the presence or absence of metastatic lesion of the cervical lymph nodes permits to ground the process staging in papillary thyroid cancer and form treatment tactics.


Field canopy chambers were used to measure the effect of a range of soil water contents from surface ponding to very dry soil and the effect of high summer temperatures on the photosynthesis of irrigated white clover and paspalum pastures. Water was ponded for 5-12 days on swards of white clover and paspalum at full cover and on others that had been defoliated to a height of 50 mm. Photosynthetic rate was monitored each day and compared with a non-ponded control. In all cases there was little response in photosynthetic rate to ponding either with or without supplemental nitrogen fertiliser. Photosynthesis of full swards of white clover and paspalum was monitored during a drying cycle following irrigation and compared with the photosynthesis of a well-watered control. Soil water deficit was expressed in terms of cumulative evaporation minus rainfall (mm E - R) after irrigation. Water deficit stress reduced the maximum photosynthetic rate of white clover by 50% (from 0.8 mg CO2/m2.s at 25 mm E - R to 0.4 mg CO2/m2.s at 75 mm E - R), but the photosynthetic rate of paspalum did not decline until 70 mm E - R. At high irradiance, temperatures between 24 and 33¦C had little effect on the photosynthetic rate of well-watered white clover, whereas the rate in paspalum was higher at temperatures between 29 and 38¦C than at temperatures of 24-29¦C. The slow surface drainage and subsequent rapid drying of the root-zone of flood irrigated soils, combined with the high temperatures experienced in northern Victoria during summer, favour paspalum and severely limit the productivity of white clover.


Global foreign direct investments have increased substantially in the world together with the financial integration of world economy especially since 1980s. International trade and foreign direct investment are important for all economies especially in emerging markets like Turkey. Additionally, these two variables are tightly related.This paper examines the relationship between foreign direct investment and international trade in Turkey for a panel of 44 countries during the period 2001 - 2011, using annual data. We use PCSE and FGLS methods to estimate the models. We found a complementary relationship both between outward FDI and export and outward FDI and import while inward FDI has no effect on export and import.


This paper presents predictive fuzzy modeling of nonlinear plant. Three different fuzzy models are presented, where the first one is synthesized using Mamdani type rule base, the second – Takagi-Sugeno type rule base. The experimental results show advantages and disadvantages of the presented models and their adequacy to the non-linear plant. A hybrid modeling approach was offered to eliminate the disadvantages of the Mamdani and the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models. The advantages of the hybrid model are experimentally proved and presented in this paper.


Language serves not only as a tool of communication and thinking,but also a carrier of culture.It has connotation of a very deep cultural degree,and different cultures is reflective to various mode of thinking,history,religious belief and social cultural custom.As a typical cross-cultural act,Translation is always influenced by cultural factors during the process of translating.The paper focuses on cultural factors and translation strategies by analyzing cultural traits between the West and the East.


Polyacetylene, which exhibits metallic-like electrical conductivity upon redox doping, led to the development of a new class of electronic materials. Metallic conductivity in polyacetylene originates from the mobility of charge-carriers along the highly conjugated π-electron carbon backbone. On the other hand, organometallic polymer backbones comprising transition-metal ions and highly conjugated ligands may themselves produce intrinsically conducting materials due to the increased molecular orbital interaction between metal atoms via ligands. For decades organometallic polymers have been the subject of great scientific interest due to their unique electrical properties and many potential uses. Following the discovery of polyacetylene, the cofacially joined metallophthalocyanine polymers emerged as a new class of electrically conducting polymers. This important class of conducting organometallic polymers now includes a wide variety of materials such as poly(metalyne), poly(metallophthalocyanines), metal poly(benzodithiolene), poly(metalloethylene tetrathiolate), poly(metal tetrathio-oxalate), etc. Depending upon the molecular structures, many organometallic polymers are intrinsic conductors while in others metallic-like conductivity is induced by a molecular doping process. The superiority of electrically conducting organometallic polymers is manifest in their excellent environmental stability and processability. Conducting organometallic polymers have a wide range of applications in electrocatalysis, photovoltaics, sensors and fuel-cell technology.


Background: Open reduction and internal fixation is the standard surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures. However, it is associated with a high rate of wound problems. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the clinical and radiologic outcomes, as well as the wound complication rates of sinus tarsi minimally-invasive approach in the treatment of intra-articular calcaneus fracture. Methods: In a retrospective study, 62 patients who were referred with an intra-articular calcaneus fracture and treated with a minimally-invasive sinus tarsi approach were included. The radiographic evaluations included the assessment of Bohler and Gissane angles before and after the surgery, as well as the height and length of the calcaneus. The clinical outcome was assessed with the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) questionnaire. Results: The Mean±SD age of the patients was 41.8±12.7 years. The Mean±SD follow-up of the patients was 21.3±10 months. After 6 months, in 43 patients (69.3%) both Bohler's and Gissane's angles were significantly improved after the surgery (P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). The calcaneus height was significantly improved after the surgery (P=0.009), as well. The Mean±SD AOFAS score of the patients was found 79.6±7. Wound infection was seen in only 1 case (1.6%). Delayed wound healing occurred in 4 cases (6.4%). No other wound complication such as dehiscence and skin necrosis was recorded. Conclusion: Minimally-invasive sinus tarsi approach is an efficacious procedure for the treatment of intra-articular calcaneus fracture with a minimized rate of wound complications.


We revisit the question of universality in quantum computing and propose a new paradigm. Instead of forcing a physical system to enact a predetermined set of universal gates (e.g., single-qubit operations and CNOT), we focus on the intrinsic ability of a system to act as a universal quantum computer using only its naturally available interactions. A key element of this approach is the realization that the fungible nature of quantum information allows for universal manipulations using quantum information encoded in a subspace of the full system Hilbert space, as an alternative to using physical qubits directly. Starting with the interactions intrinsic to the physical system, we show how to determine the possible universality resulting from these interactions over an encoded subspace. We outline a general Lie-algebraic framework which can be used to find the encoding for universality and give several examples relevant to solid-state quantum computing.


Background: The Inoue balloon has been in use for many years for mitral valvuloplasty. Aortic valvuloplasty using the Inoue balloon via transseptal approach was developed in the hope of providing better results with less potential vascular access complications. Methods and Results: In this study, we present our experience in percutaneous valvuloplasty using the Inoue balloon in 14 patients with combined rheumatic mitral and aortic stenosis (AS) in a single stage procedure via antegrade transseptal approach. The study group was characterized by relatively young age (mean 37.5 6 9.6 years). Aortic followed by mitral valvuloplasty via antegrade approach resulted in a fall of transaortic peak pressure gradient (PG) from 59.1 6 11.2 mm Hg to 25.3 6 12.5 mm Hg (P 5 0.012) and mean from 49.0 6 10.9 mm Hg to 16.6 6 9.8 mm Hg (P 5 0.043). Aortic valve areas increased significantly from 0.70 6 0.25 cm to 1.41 6 0.48 cm (P 5 0.042). Mean transmitral PG decreased from 14.9 6 2.1 mm Hg to 5.3 6 1.5 with increase of mitral valve areas from 1.08 6 0.45 to 1.92 6 0.51 cm. The procedures were well tolerated without development of significant valvular regurgitation or thromboembolism. During follow-up, 2 patients died due to lung cancer and sudden death at months 48 and 100. Five patients received delayed surgery after mean duration of 73.4 6 39.7 months. Conclusions: Concurrent antegrade, transseptal Inoueballoon aortic and mitral valvuloplasty, is feasible and safe, and provides excellent immediate results as one-stage procedure. The study results also suggest that balloon aortic valvuloplasty can be more durable in younger patients with rheumatic AS than in elderly patients with degenerative, AS. However, the modified aortic valvuloplasty technique can be utilized only as bridging procedure to aortic valve replacement or recently developed transcatheter aortic-valve implantation in unstable hemodynamic status, and as a palliative procedure before noncardiac surgery. VC 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The present invention relates to a solid-state motor extinguishing apparatus of Figure test facility go-go, and more particularly to solid-state motor fire-extinguishing system of the high altitude test facility for digestion after the solid-state motor altitude environment end of the experiment the residual flame of the solid-state motor . Solid motor digestion of the altitude test facility according to the present invention apparatus in the nozzle, devices for high altitude comprising a diffuser (diffuser) surrounding the nozzle also extinguishing a solid motor of the test equipment which is located in a solid motor backward, digestion (消 火) it characterized in that the material comprises a fire extinguishing pipe guide attached to the container, piping digestion, the digestion pipe for discharging the extinguishing medium in the solid-state motor is stored. According to the invention, adjacent to position the digestive pipe for the discharge of the extinguishing medium to the rear nozzle of the solid-state motor by digesting residual flame of the solid-state motor, and safety digestion of the remaining flame of the solid-state motor can be efficiently . Solid motor, diffusers, containers, pipes digestion, digestion pipe guide portion


The paper assesses the possibility of using secondary energy resources to provide hot water supply to buildings and constructions. The introduction of recovery systems by using previously unused cheap waste heat energy helps to reduce the amount of energy produced and consumed, increase energy efficiency, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which correspond to the development strategy of the construction industry and housing and communal services in the field of environmental protection and energy saving. A method for using the waste heat energy of refrigeration plants to provide hot water supply to an apartment building is proposed. This method makes it possible to ensure uninterrupted supply of hot water to consumers with minimal dependence on the operation of centralized heat supply systems. The minimum power of waste thermal energy sources necessary for the organization of such systems is calculated, and possible sources of secondary energy resources are proposed.


Source Citation Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rotnitzky A, Manson JE. Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Apr 1;122:481-6.


Resin mineral composite attracted much attention in the field of elementary machine components because of the excellent performance in alleviating vibration. However, applications of resin mineral composite are restricted due to its limited mechanical properties. In this paper, the effects of the aggregate gradation, the maximum diameter of the aggregate, and the mass fraction of the resin on the mechanical strength were investigated. In addition, influences of fiber types (glass fiber and carbon fiber), fiber length, mass content of fiber, and surface treating techniques (ultrasonic cleaning, oxidation by HNO3, coupling treatment by silane) on the mechanical strength of resin mineral composite were also investigated. Experimental results show that the compressive strength of resin mineral composite first increases and then decreases as the maximum aggregate diameter, the fractal dimension of the aggregate gradation, and the resin dosage increase. The best compressive strength was obtained when the maximum diameter of aggregate is 15 mm, the fractal dimension of the aggregate gradation is 2.45, and the mass fraction of the resin is 9%. Results also show that the best mechanical strength was obtained when the lengths of the fibers are 10 mm and the mass fraction of the glass (carbon) fiber is 0.1% (0.05%). Compared with resin mineral composite with no fibers, the compressive strengths of resin mineral composite reinforced by glass fibers and carbon fibers treated with three-step treating technique increased by 16.62 and 14.63%, respectively. And the flexural strength of resin mineral composite reinforced with carbon fibers treated with three-step treating technique increased by 18.3%. The flexural strength of resin mineral composite reinforced with glass fiber treated with two- and three-step treating technique increased by 9.67 and 5.7%, respectively. In addition, the mechanism of the influences of the fiber whose surfaces were treated on the mechanical strength of resin mineral composite was revealed by scanning electron microscopy.


To ensure the test rig working under safety rotation speed range and without resonance,it is need to determine the spindle′s critical rotation speed of high temperature grease bearing.The paper analyzed and compared several common use critical speed calculation methods with the FEA software ANSYS to calculate the critical rotational speed of spindle.During the calculation,concerned the influence of the elastic support of bearing on critical ralation speed,and used spring damping elements to simulate the bearing elastic support.The result shows that the test rig working maximum speed is far away from the critical speed,so the resonance phenomenon will not occur.


This article is based on a study of the 2013 graduates of D University in Dalian and the purpose of the article is to find the factors affecting university students' employment and to offer relative information for the university students and the public administration agencies. The research quantitatively analyses the correlation between social capital, human-power capital and job-hunting conception and graduates' employment and use BLR and OLR models to arrange the data. Social capital could provide employment information for the graduates and promote graduates employment. Human-power capital is also very important in job-hunting. Work experience and other factors have different effect in the position acquiring opportunity and the quality of the position acquirement. Besides, the conception of employment is an important factor affecting university students' employment. Both the expectation of job and sense of competition have an apparent effect on employment of graduates.