The paper deals with the erosion laws on the loose mine waste slope on the basis of runoff scouring experiment.The results showed that:(1)The erosion processes of loose mine waste bear the obvious difference in the four land slope of 20°,25°,30°,35° and with the four discharge of 2 L/min,2.5 L/min,3 L/min,3.5 L/min:with the smaller gradient and discharge,the erosion processes are characteristic of undulation,randomicity and intermittence,and the fluctuation amplitude of the silt content is very large;with the bigger gradient and discharge,the erosion processes are paroxysmal and the sediment movement is characteristic of debris flow:at initial stage of the experiment,the silt content suddenly reached the biggest point,with the experiment continuing,the silt content gradually deceased and got to a constant finally.(2)Concentrated overland flow can cause serious erosion,the discharge and slope gradient is a big function of the amount of erosion volume with linear and power relationship.


Over a half-century of research has revealed that teaching in adult and higher education is a complex, pluralistic, and multi-faceted enterprise. Yet within the past several years, much of the research has shown surprisingly high levels of correspondence in identifying qualitatively different perspectives on teaching. For example, in reviewing thirteen studies conducted between 1983 and 1996, Kember (1997) found only five substantively different views of teaching in higher education. All of those studies found that people conceived of teaching in ways that were remarkably similar to one or more of five different perspectives on teaching. Thus, while there may be a great many variations in personal style, there seem to be relatively few substantively different ways to conceptualize the teaching of adults -- at least in the context of higher education. To date there have been no published studies that move this work beyond identification and description toward measurement and quantitative forms of validation. This paper traces our progress in quantifying these five common perspectives on teaching adults with a new instrument called the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (www.TeachingPerspectives.com) and shows some of its uses as a means for institutional change, a tool for professional development, and a research instrument with new and experienced teachers. Conceptual Framework Our work is grounded in the empirical and conceptual work of Pratt (1992; 1998). Four of his perspectives closely parallel conceptions found in Kember's review. A fifth perspective, Social Reform was kept intact because it represented the views of a small, but important group of adult educators involved in social change movements. We have taken these conceptual categories and translated them into items related to actions, intentions, and beliefs about learning, teaching, and knowledge. As they are now defined and operationalized, the five perspectives are labeled Transmission, Apprenticeship, Developmental, Nurturing, and Social Reform .


We present the first photometric measurements of solar faculae in broadband light. Our measurements were made during the recent flight of the Solar Bolometric Imager (SBI), a 30 cm balloon-borne telescope that imaged the Sun with a spectrally constant response between about 0.31 and 2.6 μm. Our curve of facular contrast versus limb distance agrees well with values obtained by the blackbody correction of monochromatic measurements. This decreases uncertainty in the facular irradiance contribution, which limits searches for other possible mechanisms of solar luminosity variation, besides changes of photospheric magnetism.


Drop-swap cash-outs are in the same transaction group as drop-and-swaps and swap-and-drops with one important distinction — at least one member of the exchanging tax partnership takes cash instead of continuing an investment in like-kind property in a drop-swap cash-out. This article describes several different structures that parties can use to effect drop-swap cash-outs, and it explains how the different structures may affect the amount and timing of gain recognized and deferred on the transaction and who recognizes gain currently and who might recognize it in the future. If the exchange property is depreciable, the parties must also consider who will recognize any unrecaptured section 1250 gain and when they will recognize it. The article shows how the structures can affect the allocation of unrecaptured section 1250 gain.


Academic advisors often recognize areas where change in the campus environment can lead to greater student satisfaction, increased student retention, and improved institutional effectiveness. Advisors are well situated to recommend new policies and programs in response to the need for change. The author presents a method for proposing and implementing campus innovation and a case study illustrating how this approach has successfully brought about a change in the campus environment at a large, public research university.


Objective: To investigate the effect of enalapril and Dan qi compound (a compound of Chinese medicine) on the expression of protein kinase C α (PKC α) in glomeruli of diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group A) and experimental groups (group B, C, D). Alloxan was given to rats in groups B, C, and D to establish diabetic models. Rats in group C were treated with enalapril (2 mg/kg·d), and rats in group D were treated with Dan qi compound (1 8 g/kg·d), while group B did not receive any treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PKC α, TGF β 1 and FN. The morphological changes of glomeruli were checked through microscopy. Blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine and urine protein were analyzed with chemical methods. Results: The expression of PKC α, TGF β 1 and FN in glomeruli of diabetic rats increased comparing with those in normal control group. However their expressions in groups C and D were lower than in group B. The pathological changes in groups C and D were slighter than in group B. The blood triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine and urine protein in groups C and D were lower than those in group B. Conclusion: The results suggest that enalapril and Dan qi compound may inhibit the expression of PKC α in glomeruli of diabetic rats and therefore improve glomerular structure and function.


• statistical analysis and prediction of functional sites; • prediction of protein-coding regions; • statistics and prediction of the exon-intron structure; • statistical models of DNA; • analysis of codon usage; • analysis of periodicities in DNA; • information theory applications to the nucleotide sequence analysis; • formal analysis of the genetic code; • biomolecular linguistics; • statistical aspects of the DNA structure and nucleosome positioning.


We present some explicit formulas that link the properties of the interfaces delimiting an interference film to the envelopes of measured tan(ψ). Constants estimation is direct, free from regression analysis, thickness estimation or dispersion models.


ABSTRACT This special issue introduction develops the concept of anticipatory global governance by focusing on the practices through which international organisations (IOs) imagine and establish "present futures" across diverse transnational issue areas. Rather than following a conventional chronological stance, the contributors adopt a constructivist perspective on time to detail the logics and effects of anticipatory practices. In this introductory article, we suggest that the analysis of IOs' anticipatory practices and the resulting present futures can broaden our understanding of global governance in two ways. First, we highlight the implications of how IOs problematise and govern yet-uncertain future transnational issues. Second, we reveal how in this process IOs perform, rather than simply wield, authority by sanctioning a wide range of visions. The special issue develops a general conceptual vocabulary for the study of anticipatory global governance, and provides empirical evidence on how IOs govern by anticipation.


This is a lecture course on the evolution of Western History and Culture with a focus on the Americas and the question of peoples of African descent.


This invention discloses a method for manufacturing the concrete web flat slab, which comprises the following steps: a) making the top case (1), bottom case (2) and the lateral frame board (3), wherein the bottom case (2), lateral frame board (3) and top case (1) can montage a superposition box, inside the sole of the case (2) and the roof of the case (1) are all set the forced lacing wire (5); b) laying the bottom case (2) on the form (10); c) binding the girt strip bar cage (12) in the bottom case(2) gap; anchoring the forced lacing wire (5) and girt strip main bar (9) fast; c) scoring the lateral frame board (3) to the bottom case (2); scoring the top case (1) on the lateral frame board (3) in position; d) anchoring the forced lacing wire (5) and the girt strip main bar (9) fast; e) pouring concrete to the gap of several superposition cases to form girt strip (8), then curing, demouding and completing the construction.


A process for the recycling of polystyrene, wherein the polystyrene to be treated is heated in a receptacle under continuous mixing at a temperature below the melting temperature, wherein a mixing tool is used for mixing, the polystyrene in the form of semi-crystalline or amorphous granules etc., in various forms, is used, the polystyrene is heated to a temperature of 50 ° to 110 ° C and the polystyrene when it is in the form of flakes and / or granules, at a peripheral speed of the outermost stirrer tip of the mixing tool of 1 to 35 m / s is moved and for a mean residence time of 10 minutes to 100 minutes in the reactor remains under vacuum of = 150 mbar being treated and the polystyrene when it is in the form of thin films, fibers or nonwovens, at a peripheral speed of the outermost stirrer tip the mixing tool 15-58 m s is moved / and for an average dwell time of 3 min to 60 min is treated.


A system is described which is used by a medium size pharmaceutical company for responding efficiently to professional inquiries and which has been integrated into traditional medical information department activities. Characteristics contributing to its success include structured telephone call handling, closely monitored and frequently updated form letters, response time performance criteria, use of a centralized inquiry database, local area network access to commercial literature databases, and ongoing quality control and assessment of inquirer satisfaction.


This paper employs local, in physical space, diagnostics to analyze the contribution of model errors to the forecast uncertainty in experiments with a reduced (T62L28) resolution version of the NCEP GFS model. It is shown that in the extratropics the effect of model errors on the dominant patterns of medium range forecast uncertainty is secondary compared to their effects on the magnitude of the errors. It is argued, that this result strongly supports the development of post-processing techniques, which operate on the space of the local ensemble perturbations, and the further development of Stochastic Kinetic Energy Backscatter (SKEB) schemes.


The article presents the results of the review of the strategic account ownership as the information base of the process of management and assessment of enterprise value. Methodological approaches to strategic account ownership through derivative balance sheet are generalized and systematized for the stages for practical use by companies.


Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) O. Kuntze is one of the most important native species in Southern Brazil. However, its naturally recalcitrant seeds represent obstacles for long-term conservation and thus cryopreservation is a viable alternative for germplasm storing. Embryonic axes (EA) excised from araucaria seeds were encapsulated, dehydrated, and submitted to two cryopreservation methods: flash-cooling by freezing in liquid nitrogen (LN) for 2 h and pre-cooling at – 40 °C, followed by freezing in LN for 2 h. Subsequently, the EA were quickly thawed and assessed for DNA integrity, tetrazolium test, in vitro germination and oxidation occurrence. The DNA of both not cryopreserved and cryopreserved EA maintained their integrity. The tetrazolium test results indicated that the majority of flash-cooled EA were viable. After 15 days of in vitro culture, the EA did not germinate and presented signs of oxidation. Dehydration method by direct plunge in LN is promising for cryopreservation of araucaria EA, as demonstrated through the results of tetrazolium test and the maintenance of total DNA integrity.


to obtain fluorine in a separate state, but they were all unsuccessful. Fluorine has such a tendency to enter into combinations, that not vessels ran be procured upon which it does not act. Sir H. Davy considers it as a compound of hydrogen and an unknown supporter of combustion, which he calls fluorine. This fluorine has the property of combining with the base of silica and with boron, and it forms an acid with each. The fluates are compounds of fluorine and the metals which constitute the bases of the salifiable bodies. A number of experiments to determine the proportions of the constituents of these bodies were detailed. Fluor spar, when heated with sulphuric acid, increases in weight from 100 to 175*4; but it was requisite to repeat the process eight times to obtain the full effect. If we suppose fluor spar to be a compound of fluoric acid and lime, this result gives us its composition as follows


(51) Int. Cl. E2IB 43/24 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC .................................. E2IB 43/2408 (2013.01) USPC ........................................ 166/272.1; 166/268 (57) ABSTRACT The proposed method is an improved chemical flooding of an oil reservoir, especially one containing heavy oil orbitumen, that is cheaper than traditional chemical flooding techniques. This is obtained by viscosifying the displacing phase with a polyol. Such as glycerol and/or its derivatives. Glycerol and its derivatives are an excellent additive because they are cheaper than the more commonly used chemicals, work only as a viscosifying agent, do not alter the reservoir properties, and have a wide range of viscosity facilitating the displace ment of a wider range of heavy oils. This improved chemical flooding can be used with any other enhanced oil recovery technique, including thermal means, solvent assisted and polymer floodings.


This article deals with a practice deeply rooted in the social life of the Chilean middle class : the exchange of favors which, through reciprocity and friendship ties, insures access to diverse types of goods and services. A large array of socio-historical analyses has established that this form of organic solidarity finds its social origins in the very formation of the middle class at the turn of the Twentieth century. I argue here, however, that this practice was affected by macro-sociological processes of social change that significantly transformed it in the course of the following decades. The article describes, analyzes and explains reciprocity through a double historical and sociological lense, examining the various logics at work in this form of social solidarity. Keywords : reciprocity, middle class, social integration.


This article makes an original contribution to the growing historiography on the role of sport, and more specifically, Gaelic games amongst Irish immigrant communities around the world. It does so by shedding light on the origins and early history of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century London. In particular, the article explores the ways in which membership of this organisation allowed sections of the city's Irish population to preserve and express their ethnic specificity and support for Irish nationalism. This reveals that Gaelic games were drawn on by a diverse range of organisations and individuals who sought to utilise these sports to galvanise support for varying shades of Irish nationalism.


This paper argues that imperfect information concerning defaulted companies generates pricing puzzles. We show that companies with higher survival display a discount relative to lower survival ones, when they differ only in mortality. Consistent with this argument, we find that discounted diversified conglomerates survive more, on average, than focused firms. The conglomerate discount widens from 5.6% to 13.3% when measured on companies with increasing survival probability.


The kinetics of lithium-ion transfer at a Li0.35La0.55TiO3 (LLT)/liquid electrolyte interface were investigated by four-probe ac impedance spectroscopy. In Nyquist plots for a system consisting of Li/electrolyte/LLT/electrolyte/Li, two semicircles were observed at high- and midfrequency regions and were attributed to grain-boundary resistance in LLT and interfacial resistance between LLT and the liquid electrolyte. The activation energies of interfacial lithium-ion transfer were evaluated from the temperature-dependence of interfacial conductivities at the LLT/liquid electrolyte. When binary electrolytes consisting of LiClO4 dissolved in mixtures of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) of given volume ratios were used, the activation energies were around 50 kJ mol−1. However, an electrolyte without EC (LiClO4/DMC) gave an activation energy of 32 kJ mol−1. Since a theoretical calculation clarified that the solvation ability of EC is higher than that of DMC, the activation energies reflected...


The invention provides a system and a method for improving the operation of a hybrid vehicle. In one embodiment, compensation for a power train disconnect-type clutch is provided. The method can reduce torque interference of a power train.


CAN Bus which features high speed transmission and anti-jamming is used widely in the fire alarm system.The fire alarm system topological structure based on CAN Bus is introduced,the fire alarm display system is designed,and the realization of hardware and software based on ARM using the SPI interface are discussed,including the circuit of the CAN interface,the part of the software flow chart and some important codes.


This paper introduces a novel class of detectors, which has a symbol-by-symbol, multisample, transversal filter-based structure. The essence of the proposed detectors is based on a noise estimationcancellation technique. By exploiting the noise correlation among the received samples, a linear minimum mean-squared estimate of the existing noise is made and subsequently cancelled. As an illustration of the detection principle, partial response signaling systems of the form 1 \pm D^{m} are considered. The effects of the system bandwidth, the number of exploited samples and filtering allocation, on the system performance are thoroughly examined. It is shown that with optimum filtering allocation, the proposed detectors, while having simple structures, give substantial performance gains over conventional one-sample detectors.


This paper aims to analyze the intervention interest rate, the main tool of the Colombian monetary policy, which is used by the Banco de la Republica, an analysis that seeks to determine the causes and consequences of its behavior, during the Period between 2006 and 2016, which is based on literature review and the development of econometric models to estimate the behavior of the variables studied. It is identified as the main cause for the changes in the intervention rate to the target inflation method, which aims to keep inflation levels close to 3% with a tolerable deviation of +/- 1%. As for the consequences, there are effects on investment, commercial bank interest rates and the peso / dollar exchange rate, which are analyzed one by one during the development of the document.


The measurement of freeform surfaces, aspheric lenses or the sidewall roughness of high aspect ratio structures are a current challenge in nanometrology. There are different publications and commercial products with approaches to perform a measurement of those quantities. Beside the nanomeasurement the nanofabrication on curved freeform surfaces is an upcoming trend. The measurement or the fabrication on a freeform surface is limited by the possible tilt angle between the tools working axis and the local surface normal. To achieve larger angles and a minimal measurement uncertainty the tool must be placed optimal to the local surface. According to those requirements, concepts are developed to increase the degree of freedom in positioning. The x-y-z translational positioning system of an nanomeasuring machine (NMM-1) with a working volume of 25 x 25 x 5 mm3 will be extended by additional rotational movements. The rotation can be achieved by three basic principles of motion which are the rotation of the sample, of the tool or a combination of the tool and the sample rotation. In a first step the principles of motion are described by their bare geometrical properties and decoupled from real positioning systems. A constant instantaneous centre of motion in the sensor measurement point is determined as the optimal principle for a rotational system. This principle is further investigated and is made concrete by choosing a combination of kinematics. A vectorial approach based on the GUM is used to evaluate the influence of the axes error motion on the measurement result. The method and the results for a combination of a rotary table and a goniometer axis are described in detail.


ABSTRACT.A critical evaluation of shielded headphones to be used for stimulation in order to elicit the frequency-following response (FFR) revealed a tradeoff between stimulus distortion and stimulus-induced artifact. Hence an audio delay line was developed, which avoids stimulus artifact and minimizes stimulus distortions for moderate to high intensity stimuli with frequencies between 100 and 1,000 Hz. Caution is advocated if headphone stimulation is used for FFR recording.


Introduction: Medical image processing aimed at reducing human error rates attracted many researchers. The Segmentation of magnetic resonance image for tumor detection is one of the recognized challenges in the treatment of the disease. Considering the importance of this issue in the present study, the diagnosis of brain tumor is considered.Material and methods: One of the most popular and most widely used methods in the field of segmentation of images of resonance imaging of the brain is the k-means clustering algorithm, which, despite the diagnosis of a tumor, fall in to local optimum problem, followed by a reduction in the accuracy of the diagnosis tumors are malignant. In this study, we aimed to solve this problem and subsequently increase the accuracy of diagnosis of malignant tumors, a GA-clustering combination of clustering based on k-means and genetic algorithms.Results: How to combine in the way that the genetic algorithm is applied to each repetition of the K-means algorithm and, by scanning more in the space of the answer, is trying to find higher quality cluster centers. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been investigated on a number of images of BRATS standard collections. It is also compared with the K-means algorithm.Conclusion: The results show that the proposed algorithm provides better results than the K-means algorithm.


This article uses a set of case histories to describe the physical and social terrain of violence in Cité Soleil, Haiti, before and after the January 2010 earthquake. Employing empirical data, it aims to interrogate our standard categorization and analysis of violence and of community responses to violence. The study is guided by the practical questions of how individuals and groups navigate and respond to the ever-changing configurations of violence in their neighborhoods. This violence is considered both as specific to Haiti in its details and as an exemplar of a general problem that afflicts nations that are marginal to, and marginalized by, current processes of globalization.


We study the edge states in a two dimensional electron gas with a transverse magnetic field and Rashba spin-orbit coupling. In the bulk, the interplay between the external field perpendicular to the gas plane and the spin-orbit coupling leads to two branches of states that, within the same energy window, have different cyclotron radii. For the edge states, surface reflection generates hybrid states with the two cyclotron radii. We analyze the spectrum and spin structure of these states and present a semiclassical picture of them.


ABSTRACT Focusing on China's current education reform, this article critically discusses how contextual factors, specifically sociocultural factors and resources, assist and constrain Chinese educators in their attempt to develop dynamic and inviting classroom communities. Three main findings are highlighted in this article, the first being that the creation of classroom communities is perceived by Chinese educators to be beneficial to the students. Secondly, Chinese educators judiciously rely on existing professional learning communities to experiment with and launch classroom communities. The third finding foregrounds two key challenges faced by educators. The first challenge is the difficulty with fostering classroom communities in the poorer parts of China where schools perennially struggle with huge class size and inadequate educational support. The second key challenge is a predominantly exam-centric culture that inhibits the flourishing of classroom communities for effective teaching and learning. The experience in China illustrates the moderating effects of local conditions in shaping the evolving concept and practice of classroom community.


Recently, health issues have indeed become an increasingly worrying discussion. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were a major public health challenge globally in the twenty-first century. If pulled from conditions in Indonesia, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia shows that the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in 2018 has increased when compared to Riskesdas 2013, including cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. It can happen due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Lifestyle changes must be made. for Islam sees health as a condition in which man is able to maintain a just attitude towards his fitrah. In solving these problems, as Muslims, they must follow the lifestyle in the Qur'an and sunnah, This paper focuses on the need for Muslims to maintain health by returning to the Qur'an and Sunnah through the Living Quran and sunnah as the cornerstone of a holistic healthy lifestyle.
As a Muslim, it is natural to always practice what is in the Quran and sunnah as a guide for Muslims. A healthy lifestyle according to the Qur'an has also been exemplified by the prophet Muhammad SAW. Because Allah has given Islam handle that affirms the science of health, healthy living, treatment, healthy diet and drinking, and controlling physical and mental stress.  This is reflected in the scriptures as well as the teachings exemplified by the Prophet.


In 1986, Congress passed Title III of Public Law 99-660, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Compensation Act, a no-fault compensation system designed to assist persons who are injured by certain childhood vaccines (1). The Act was the result of increased pressure on Congress to address the crisis in vaccine production caused by an increase in litigation against vaccine manufacturers in the 1970s and early 1980s. Although vaccines are overwhelmingly safe and effective, some children experience adverse events in the days following the administration of routine childhood vaccines. Civil actions brought against the manufacturers and administrators of these vaccines to obtain compensation for these injuries often proved unsuccessful for the plaintiffs, given the difficulty in proving causation and negligence. At the same time, vaccine manufacturers were becoming increasingly burdened by the transaction costs of litigation, as well as the difficulty in finding affordable product liability insurance. By 1986, several manufacturers had withdrawn from the vaccine market (2). In fact, at the time the Act was passed, there was only one manufacturer ofeach type of polio vaccine (inactivated and oral), one manufacturer of the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine, and two manufacturers of the Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (DTP) vaccine (2a). Thus, the act was passed as a result oftwo concerns, (a) the inadequacyfrom both the perspective ofvaccineinjured persons as well as vaccine manufacturers-of the current approach to compensating those damaged by a vaccine and (b) the instability of the nation's vaccine supply as a result of the manufacturers' reactions to the cost of litigation (2a). To address the problems experienced by plaintiffs in proving both negligence and causation, Congress designed a system whereby certain people would be eligible to receive compensation without proving either negligence or causation. To address the second goal of the program, Congress included various protections from liability for both vaccine administrators and manufacturers.


The advances of bryophyte ecology in community classification,relationship between bryophytes and environments,niche,reproduction ecology and the influences of human activities on bryophytes were reviewed.


Many companies are now considering investing in IT projects. The projects they invest in are very expensive . H owever the project they invested in cannot be assured to be success in the implementation. About 70% of IT projects are failed due to the poor governance. Some of them are failed because of the lack of understanding of the project value. The decision-maker of IT project should realize that IT project are not all about IT; people using the system should also be considered in investing.


The full-rate linear phase detector (PD) has not only phase detection capability but also single-sided frequency detection capability intrinsically. Previously, this fact has been discovered by researching the phase and frequency characteristics of the combined full-rate linear PD and charge pump (CP) under the condition that the ratio of the received data frequency (fDATA) and the recovered clock frequency (fCLK) is set as an integer number. In this paper, for completeness of the theory, the phase and frequency characteristics of the combined full-rate linear PD and CP are studied again while the ratio of fDATA and fCLK is set as a general rational number. Additionally, theoretical analyses of the lock-in range and the lock time of the referenceless single-loop clock and data recovery (CDR) including the full-rate linear PD are newly developed and verified. The calculated lock times by the analysis results agree well with the measured lock times from the MATLAB Simulink simulations.


Green Pea galaxies are remarkable for their intense star formation and serve as a window into the early universe. In our study, we used integral field spectroscopy to examine 24 of these galaxies in the optical spectrum. We focused on the interaction between their ionized interstellar medium and the star formation processes within them. Our research generated spatial maps of emission lines and other properties like ionization structures and chemical conditions. These maps showed that areas with higher levels of excitation are usually located where starbursts are occurring. Continuum maps displayed more intricate structures than emission line maps and hinted at low brightness ionized gas in the galaxies' outer regions. We also analyzed integrated spectra from selected areas within these galaxies to derive physical properties like electron densities and temperatures. In some galaxies, we were able to determine metallicity levels. Our observations revealed the presence of high-ionizing lines in three galaxies, two of which had extremely high rates of star formation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the properties and star-forming processes in Green Pea galaxies, contributing to our broader understanding of galactic evolution in the early universe.


Abstract— At 293 K the long‐wavelength absorption and emission band of 1.4 μM allophycocyanin is decreased by estriol (Δ1‐3‐5(10)‐estratriene‐3,16α, 17β‐trio!) in the range 0.8‐6.6 μM in the presence of 11% alcohol (vol/vol). The binding of estriol is shown to be of high affinity, 1:1 with allophycocyanin. The free energy of this binding process (ΔG°) is ‐33.6 kJ mol' and single binding site dissociation constant (KD) 1.0 ×10–6M. Estriol at 21 μM effectively quenches the fluorescence of 1.4 M large molecular weight phytochrome in its red absorbing form at 77 K while having little or no effect on the phototransformation difference spectrum at 293 K.


The disturbing torques of the divert thrusters are the main factors affecting attitude estimation of the spacecraft.In order to solve the problems that the disturbing torques could not be measured on the ground,a method of testing the torques in space is designed.In the test,the divert thrusters are planned to be on by turns in space and the torques could be evaluated by the angular rate measurement values.The result of the simulation demonstrates the feasibility of the method.


In this paper we introduce a new non equilibrium model based on the 2-D Ising dynamics. By replacing the constant temperature field of the classical model with a gradient DT we introduce a control parameter able to drive the system out of equilibrium in a continuous way. This helps to construct a simple model which qualitatively resemble the behavior observed in the thermodynamics of the heat transfer: when DT is small the observed configuration resembles a more conductive dynamics with currents oriented transversely to the gradient and convective cells are present only in long lived metastable states. For increasing DT the convective regime lasts longer and appears to be stabilized with respect to the length of our simulations. A quantitative analysis of the non equilibrium properties of the system is presented by analyzing the correlation decay of the magnetization and the violation of the fluctuation dissipation theorem.


AbstractSergio Guillermo Torres Cedillo ?Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The University of Manchester ? 27 May 2015The Identification of Unbalance in a Nonlinear Squeeze-Film Damped System using an Inverse method - a Computational and Experimental study Typical aero-engine assemblies have at least two nested rotors mounted within a flexible casing via squeeze-film damper (SFD) bearings. As a result, the flexible casing structures become highly sensitive to the vibration excitation arising from the High and Low pressure rotors. Lowering vibrations at the aircraft engine casing can reduce harmful effects on the aircraft engine. Inverse problem techniques provide a means toward solving the unbalance identification problem for a rotordynamic system supported by nonlinear SFD bearings, requiring prior knowledge of the structure and measurements of vibrations at the casing. This thesis presents two inverse solution techniques for the nonlinear rotordynamic inverse problem, which are focused on applications where the rotor is inaccessible under operating conditions, e.g. high pressure rotors. Numerical and experimental validations under hitherto unconsidered conditions have been conducted to test the robustness of each technique. The main contributions of this thesis are:? The development of a non-invasive inverse procedure for unbalance identification and balancing of a nonlinear SFD rotordynamic system. This method requires at least a linear connection to ensure a well-conditioned explicit relationship between the casing vibration and the rotor unbalance via frequency response functions. The method makes no simplifying assumptions made in previous research e.g. neglect of gyroscopic effects; assumption of structural isotropy; restriction to one SFD; circular centred orbits (CCOs) of the SFD. ? The identification and validation of the inverse dynamic model of the nonlinear SFD element, based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that are trained to reproduce the Cartesian displacements of the journal relative to the bearing housing, when presented with given input time histories of the Cartesian SFD bearing forces.? The empirical validation of an entirely novel approach towards the solution of a nonlinear inverse rotor-bearing problem, one involving an identified empirical inverse SFD bearing model. This method is suitable for applications where there is no adequate linear connection between rotor and casing.Both inverse solutions are formulated using the Receptance Harmonic Balance Method (RHBM) as the underpinning theory. The first inverse solution uses the RHBM to generate the backwards operator, where a linear connection is required to guarantee an explicit inverse solution. A least-squares solution yields the equivalent unbalance distribution in prescribed planes of the rotor, which is consequently used to balance it. This method is successfully validated on distinct rotordynamic systems, using simulated data considering different practical scenarios of error sources, such as noisy data, model uncertainty and balancing errors. Focus is then shifted to the second inverse solution, which is experimentally-based. In contrast to the explicit inverse solution, the second alternative uses the inverse SFD model as an implicit inverse solution. Details of the SFD test rig and its set up for empirical identification are presented. The empirical RNN training process for the inverse function of an SFD is presented and validated as a part of a nonlinear inverse problem. Finally, it is proved that the RNN could thus serve as reliable virtual instrumentation for use within an inverse rotor-bearing problem.


Image super-resolution is a technique of combining a set of overlapping low-resolution (LR) images to produce a highresolution (HR) image. This technique has two main steps; the first step is alignment of LR images that should be done with sub-pixel accuracy and the second step is the reconstruction stage. In this paper, we improve the works done beforehand in image registration. The planar motion estimation, using the image gradients, has been modified by replacing a multi resolution wavelet transform instead of Gaussian pyramid for augmenting the registration accuracy.


Reliable obstacles detection under adverse weather conditions, especially foggy conditions, is a challenging task because the contrast is drastically reduced. Consequently, the classical approaches relying on pattern recognition techniques or points of interest matching are not so efficient anymore. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed which is able to simultaneously restore the contrast of the scene and to detect the presence of obstacles by stereovision once the atmosphere opacity is known. The different computation stages are detailed: fog density estimation, contrast enhancement, local distortions detection and obstacles detection, as well as their combination. The method is illustrated and partially assessed thanks to a video sequence under foggy weather. Finally, future research directions are indicated.


The community school concept has become a popular school reform model that has gained traction in urban school systems. To date, however, few studies have looked across contexts to see how various communities are conceptualizing the reform: the aims that are articulated, the partnerships that are being created, or sustainability plans. In this study, we explore these questions through an analysis of 32 funded proposals from the federal Full-Service Community Schools grant program. We examine the goals, aims, and plans of reformers and ask questions about governance, inclusion, and sustainability, situating our analysis in the policy implementation literature.


The heat capacity of poly(acrylic acid)/water mixtures with low water contents were measured by the stepscan differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) method and the Cp of the bound water in the mixtures were obtained based on simple equations with an assumption that the effect of interaction between polymer and water molecules could be ignored. The results indicated that the water decreased the glass transition temperature of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), evidently as a plasticizer, and PAA/water mixtures were thermodynamically homogeneous blends. It was found that the Cp of nonfreezable water in PAA/water mixtures was higher than those of glassy water and cubic ice. The Cp increased with the water content, showing that average interactions between polymer and water decreased with water content. The Cp of bound water in the mixtures in the liquid state was lower than that of bulk water and also increased with water concentration, since the water molecules' regular structures were broken. It showed that the Cp of bound water in the mixtures was lower than that of free water. The Cp of glassy water was calculated based on experimental Cp values of the PAA/water mixtures, which provided an easy way to obtain the Cp values of glassy water through a simple experiment. The values, however, were higher than those obtained by other researchers.


The prediction of production cost is a nonlinear system in the costing management.It is difficult to establish a precise mathematical model.A improved BP algorithm is put forward to solve the problem that the original BP algorithm easily get into the local minimum value.According to the produc-tion costing parameters,the characteristic values is determined and the neural network which is very excel-lent in learn speed and adaptability is established.The simulation and experiment of the system show that the prediction precision is satisfied.A reliable basis is provided for the process of enterprise production.


"Enforcement of State aid control in the banking sector: BAWAG-PSK"* On 27 June 2006 the Commission decided to approve a State guarantee of € 900 million granted to BAWAG-PSK by Austria. The…


In this paper, we address "unfalsified control" and its application to decisions of PID parameters with respect to on-line scheme. Here, we expand the results in to PID parameter tuning from the viewpoint of time domain specifications, which enables us to regard as unfalsified control in the practical sense. For the sake of this expansion, we propose new performance functions for unfalsified control, e. g., steady state, transient response and so on. Moreover, by using such functions, we also provide more useful synthesis of unfalsified control. In order to validate the usefulness of our results, we also show an illustrative example.


A train Is shown hitting, upper left, and dragging, upper r l^ t , a car with which the Santa Fe diesel engine collided at San Bernardino, Calif. At lower left, a trainman looks down into the passnger compartment of the car as another trainman rushes to the scene from the-rear o f the engine. At right, train crew members try to pry Jessie Dean Johnson and his wife, whose head is Just visible to the left of Johnson, from the wreckage. It took four hours to rescue the Johnsons who sustained only minor injuries. (AP Laserphoto) ^


Utilization of technology has been widely used in various fields, namely education, government agencies, banking, trade, industry, and national defense in meeting the needs of their work activities. an organization that meets the needs of daily transaction processing, supports operations, is managerial and strategic activities of an organization, and provides certain outside parties with the necessary reports. University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu, already has a website-based personnel information system. so the author tries to develop from 2 aspects. Where is the first aspect on the server, the author tries to develop a server application using codeigniter combined with AJAX so that it is easier to connect it with JSON encode. The purpose of this study is to provide information on employees and lecturers at the University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu which can help the personnel department provide information more quickly and efficiently. It is hoped that the development of this application can be a reference not only for the world of university staffing but also for all subjects and all circles as the development of information technology..


Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) develops as a series on the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) spectrum, progressing from reflux esophagitis to Barrett's esophagus and finally EAC. EAC has received intense focus for decades, especially in Western countries, where the incidence of EAC been increasing since the 1970s. However, in Asian countries, there has been no definite increasing trend with regard to EAC studies, with the proportion of EAC accounting for only a small percentage of total esophageal cancer cases. However, a very recent study from Japan indicated that the incidence of EAC has started to increase in Japan, due at least in part to a decreasing trend in the Helicobacter pylori infection rate in the general Japanese population, which is lagging 50 years behind Western countries. One prominent characteristic of EAC is its overwhelming male predominance, as described in a recent review. Furthermore, such male predominance is already initiated at the initial stage of the GERD spectrum, e.g., reflux esophagitis, although the tendency is amplified as the disease spectrum progresses. Hence, understanding the mechanism underlying the male predominance of reflux esophagitis may be important not only for the treatment of reflux esophagitis, but also for the prevention of the most advanced stage of GERD, EAC. A recent animal model study showed that the female hormone estrogen plays an important role in protecting the esophageal tissue from refluxed liminal noxious agents. In addition, another study indicated that estrogen enhances the epithelial barrier function of the esophagus by potentiating a tight-junction protein, occludin, consequently preventing luminal noxious agents from entering the esophageal epithelium. Consistent with these animal model studies, many epidemiological studies support the potentially pivotal role of estrogen in the esophageal barrier function. For example, the prevalence of reflux esophagitis is suppressed in premenopausal women compared with that in men; however, the prevalence steadily increases in postmenopausal women to a level similar to that in men. Furthermore, the prevalence of reflux esophagitis is relatively stable in all age groups in men. These epidemiological studies also indicate that esophageal mucosal injury is suppressed in premenopausal women by the protective action of estrogen. However, direct evidence that estrogen enhances the esophageal barrier function in human remains elusive. In the present issue of Gut and Liver, Kim et al. investigated the expression of tight-junction-related protein mRNA in male and female GERD patients and found several key differences in the mRNA expression according to the severity of the disease (e.g., erosive reflux esophagitis vs nonerosive reflux esophagitis vs controls). However, they failed to find any significant difference in the mRNA levels between genders. Unfortunately, the patients enrolled in their study appear to have been unsuitable for an investigation into the effects of estrogen on the esophageal barrier function, as the authors acknowledged in the article, as only three premenopausal women with controls and no premenopausal women with GERD were included in that study. Thus, studies enrolling premenopausal patients with GERD will be required to investigate the potential effects of estrogen on the esophageal barrier function. In addition, several methodological issues remain to be resolved. As the authors described in the article, not only the amount of the protein mRNA but also the localization of the proteins may be important for the maintenance of the esophageal barrier function. Furthermore, given that the mRNA level can be upor down-regulated, depending on the degree of concomitant inflammation of the esophageal epithelium, the interpretation of such results may be complicated. In this


Spoofing is more malignant to GNSS receiver than noise jamming, both military and civil GNSS users need to detect and avoid spoofing. This paper presents a novel spoofing mitigation method based on multi-antenna receiver architecture. The algorithm strengthen the authentic signals in noise jamming environment, and the algorithm will place null in the direction of spoofer and reset the receiver to tracking the authentic signals when spoofing attack successfully. The rule to distinguish spoofing signal from authentic signal is spoofing transmitters often transmit several signals from the same antenna. The strategy and performance of the proposed method is independent of the spoofer's complexity and ability. Computer simulation confirm the availability of the algorithm.


: This research aims to investigate the effect of sectoral specialization on audit firm rotation and its implications for auditing quality. The audit process is a critical component of the financial reporting process, as it helps to provide assurance that an organization's financial statements accurately reflect its financial position and performance. Audit firms may specialize in certain sectors, such as healthcare or financial services, and this specialization may enable them to better understand the risks and issues specific to those sectors. However, audit firm rotation (the practice of switching audit firms every few years) is often implemented as a means of enhancing auditor independence and objectivity, and may be more difficult to implement for firms with sectoral specialization due to the loss of specialized knowledge and resources. By analyzing data on audit firm rotations and auditing quality within different sectors, or conducting case studies of firms that have undergone audit firm rotation, this research will provide insights on the relationship between sectoral specialization and audit firm rotation, and the implications of this relationship on auditing quality.


The mineralogical compositions of representative samples of air-drilled cuttings taken at 10-foot intervals from two wells in the Punxsutawney-Driftwood gas field of central Pennsylvania have been determined by routine methods of X-ray analysis. Distinct mineralogical zones were found to correspond closely with formations and formational contacts. Although the wells are 18 miles apart, correlations can be made. Compositional logs of air-drilled holes are easily obtained and can be used for interpreting subsurface geology in the same fashion as conventional electric logs. In addition, the presence, absence, and relative abundance of minerals yield information on the geological history of the area.


Operational cost efficiency in each building in this case multi-storey buildings for offices is highly considered by the building manager. The main equipment used and incur considerable operational costs one of them is an air system or AC system device. In this writing will be explained the comparison of the efficiency of the use of cooled chiller type air with air cooled VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) both in terms of service.


Product design is an important theme (Luchs & Swan, 2011) and the source of an important competitive advantage in business (Noble & Kumar, 2010). TOTO Ltd. is a company headquartered in Kitakyushu City, Kokura that Marketing Case マーケティングケース ― シリーズ 132 マーケティングジャーナル Vol. 38 No. 4 (2019), 80-94 80 DOI: 10.7222/marketing.2019.018 places an emphasis on design and development of beautiful products by fusing design and function. This company has gained a strong reputation in the market. A high-end product "NEOREST NX" was developed and introduced into the market in 2017, and it is no exaggeration to say that "NEOREST NX" is an object of art. Therefore, we investigated the marketing excellence at TOTO Ltd. in the design of harmony between space and manufacturing. The two main features of marketing of TOTO Ltd. were found to be "design-driven innovation" and "fusion of holistic perspectives of design and function". Keyword : Product design, Market orientation, Product development, Design driven innovation 要約:プロダクト・デザインはビジネスにおける重要なテーマであり(Luchs & Swan, 2011),競争優位の重要な源泉であると 言われている(Noble & Kumar, 2010)。このデザインを重視し,デザインと機能の融合により「美しい製品」の開発を行い,市 場で高い評価を得ている企業がある。北九州市小倉に本社を置く TOTO株式会社である。2017年にネオレストシリーズのフ ラッグシップモデル「ネオレスト NX」を開発し市場に展開しているが,このネオレスト NXは「オブジェ」と言っても過言で はない。そこで,TOTO(株)の空間と調和するデザインと「ものづくり」におけるマーケティング展開を調査した。この結 果,TOTO(株)のマーケティングの卓越性は,「デザイン・ドリブン・イノベーション」と「デザインの Holistic視点と機能の 融合」の 2つにあると考えられる。 キーワード:プロダクト・デザイン,市場志向,製品開発,デザイン・ドリブン・イノベーション


The accelerated progression of atherosclerosis in diabetes is most probably the end result of the cumulative impact of the major risk factors that are more prevalent in diabetic subjects, namely obesity and dyslipidemia, the derangement in carbohydrate metabolism (hyperglycemic environment, hyperinsulinism, and insulin resistance), a prothrombotic tendency, and, perhaps most important, microalbuminuria and hypertension (1–5). At least two additional cardiovascular risk factors are probably more pronounced in diabetes; they are endothelial dysfunction (6) and an inflammatory reaction in the affected blood vessels mediated by the proinflammatory interleukins and expressed by elevated levels of C-reactive protein (7).

Microalbuminuria is often the first clinical manifestation of early microvascular derangement. In type 2 diabetes, it is the hallmark of subsequent diabetic nephropathy and a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease and increased cardiovascular mortality (8). Furthermore, the presence of microalbuminuria predicts a worse outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. The 2-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria was increased by 85% compared with individuals with normal urinary albumin excretion (9). Microalbuminuria is associated with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and identifies overall cardiovascular risk also in hypertensive nondiabetic patients (10,11). It is therefore mandatory to screen all diabetic as well as nondiabetic hypertensive patients for the presence of microalbuminuria. Indeed, all the relevant professional associations have included annual screening for microalbuminuria in their recommendations (12,13). Treatment strategies aimed at reducing urinary albumin excretion were found to be effective in retarding the progression of renal disease, as manifested by prolongation of the time to doubling of serum creatinine and postponement of end-stage renal disease and the need to renal replacement therapy (14–17).

Furthermore, the magnitude of early decline in albuminuria in response to a given therapeutic intervention is a reliable predictor …


New procedures for human operators in complex systems must be both operationally effective and inexpensive to introduce. Procedures may require refinement to meet these objectives. The paper illustrates how process measures about operator performance using a new procedure can be derived via activity tracking, and how this information can supplement product measures to support procedure refinement. Activity tracking is a form of intent inferencing suitable for constructing and maintaining a representation of operator activities in real time (T.J. Callantine et al., 1997). The Crew Activity Tracking System (CATS) uses a normative model of the new procedure to predict how operators should perform the procedure; operator actions that CATS cannot interpret signal potential operator difficulties. By using the model to track the activities of operators using the new procedure, CATS can identify mismatches between the model and actual operator actions. Through this process, CATS can help substantiate potentially problematic aspects of the procedure. Difficulties identified by CATS then serve as the focus for further refinements to the procedural elements, or the supporting documentation and training used to introduce it.


In a combined experimental and theoretical study, we probe the vibrational excitation of isocyanic acid induced by electron impact in the energy range up to 5 eV. Experimentally, we report differential elastic and vibrationally inelastic cross sections at the scattering angle of ${135}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$. Theoretically, we characterize the involved resonant states using a regularized analytical continuation method. We also apply a nonlocal resonance model to calculate cross sections for vibrational mode that involves the N-H stretching motion. The model reproduces all the features observed in the experiment: efficient excitation at threshold, sharp cusps in the excitation functions, and the formation of an ${A}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ shape resonance. There is a second $({A}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}})$ resonance visible in the spectra; however, it excites only selected vibrational modes. The origins of this selectivity are discussed.


The most common symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine (haematuria), which is usually painless. Haematuria can be frank (macroscopic), visible to the patient, or invisible (microscopic), which is normally detected during a routine urine dipstick test. Haematuria in its visible and invisible forms can represent a disease process within the urinary tract. These diseases can range from benign causes to malignant causes such as bladder cancer. Indeed, it is common for no obvious cause to be identified after detailed investigations. These investigations include cystoscopy, cytology and radiological imaging of the upper urinary tract. In many cases, there are significant delays in diagnosing bladder cancer in women as many women ignore the most basic symptom, haematuria which they often associate with menstruation or menopause. Furthermore, even after the problem has been reported to their GP, haematuria can still be misdiagnosed as cystitis or a urinary tract infection. Women are less likely than men to undergo a complete and timely evaluation for haematuria. As such, there can be a significant delay in a bladder cancer diagnosis. Late diagnosis and developing rare forms of the disease are among the possible factors which may explain the disparity between male and female bladder cancer survival rates.


Modelling of thermal energy storage (TES) systems is a complex process that requires the development of sophisticated computational tools for numerical simulation and optimization. Until recently, most modelling approaches relied on analytical methods based on equations of the physical processes that govern TES systems' operations, producing high-accuracy and interpretable results. The present study tackles the problem of modelling the temperature dynamics of a TES plant by exploring the advantages and limitations of an alternative data-driven approach. A hybrid bimodal LSTM (H2M-LSTM) architecture is proposed to model the temperature dynamics of different TES components, by utilizing multiple temperature readings in both forward and bidirectional fashion for fine-tuning the predictions. Initially, a selection of methods was employed to model the temperature dynamics of individual components of the TES system. Subsequently, a novel cascading modelling framework was realised to provide an integrated holistic modelling solution that takes into account the results of the individual modelling components. The cascading framework was built in a hierarchical structure that considers the interrelationships between the integrated energy components leading to seamless modelling of whole operation as a single system. The performance of the proposed H2M-LSTM was compared against a variety of well-known machine learning algorithms through an extensive experimental analysis. The efficacy of the proposed energy framework was demonstrated in comparison to the modelling performance of the individual components, by utilizing three prediction performance indicators. The findings of the present study offer: (i) insights on the low-error performance of tailor-made LSTM architectures fitting the TES modelling problem, (ii) deeper knowledge of the behaviour of integral energy frameworks operating in fine timescales and (iii) an alternative approach that enables the real-time or semi-real time deployment of TES modelling tools facilitating their use in real-world settings.


A possibility of the frequency doubling inside the orotron cavity is experimentally demonstrated at the frequency of 190 GHz. The excitation of the surface mode allows a significant reducing the operating current of the orotron mode that is important in the terahertz frequency range.


Based on complex paleobotanical, lithogeochemical, IR spectrometry and thermochemical studies, stratigraphic dismemberment and correlation of productive Middle–Upper Jurassic sediments, represented by Tyumen and Naunak formations in the Dvojnaya and Snezhnaya areas, in the southeast of Western Siberia (the central part of the Tomsk Region) were carried out. A reliable basis has been created for an optimal correction of the calculation of reserves and effective development of hydrocarbon deposits. It is established that for the Tyumen formation the leading paleobotanical remains are the ferns of Coniopteris vialovae, Raphaelia diamensis and Czekanowski czekanowskia irkutensis, Cz. rigida, Phoenicopsis mogutchevae, and for the Naunak formation – Czekanowski czekanowskia tomskiensis. This is due to the paleoclimatic situation, which predetermined the composition of the plant community and the types of plant-coal-forming plants. For reliable correlation, a lithogeochemical study of sediments was carried out, taking into account the analysis of the origin of the coal. The difference in the composition of plant complexes in the suites was confirmed by the difference in the genetic properties of the marking coal-bearing deposits: the degree of biochemical stability of the organic mass of the peat, the level of gelification and the floral regeneration of the organic mass of the coals, and also the yields of light and heavy hydrocarbons.


Abstract 150 keV energy tin ions were implanted in silicon to monitor Mossbauer Effect. The resultant tin-silicon solid solution was subjected to thermal and radiation annealing. Mossbauer spectra reveal that high intensity subthreshold energy electron irradiation leads to disintegration of the solid solution similar to the thermal process.


A fast and competent alternative to the widely used Cloude–Pottier entropy/alpha (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H/ \alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula>) classification is developed for the rapid response application of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data. Random similarity which measures both the scattering similarity and randomness of polarimetric scatterers is used to enable an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H/ \alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula> -like classification in terms of two key parameters, i.e., the similarity-based angle <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _{s}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and entropy <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, as the alternatives to the Cloude–Pottier angle <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $</tex-math> </inline-formula> and entropy <italic>H</italic>, respectively. Parameters <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\alpha _{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> maintain the same physical information as parameters <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula> and <italic>H</italic>, so the existing knowledge regarding <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula> and <italic>H</italic> can be naturally extended to them. Angle <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> measures scattering mechanism and is ranged within the same interval [0°, 90°] as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula> while entropy <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> measures scattering randomness which is also a logarithm within the interval [0, 1] similar to <italic>H</italic>. The pixelwise eigendecomposition in the calculation of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula> and <italic>H</italic> is avoided for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\alpha _{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>, and the resulted efficiency improvement is, thus, considerable. By rigorously modeling the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _{s}\hbox{--}\alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula> and the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}\hbox{--}H$</tex-math></inline-formula> relationship to illustrate the competence of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}\hbox{--}\alpha _{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> combination in discrimination of target and to identify the searching ranges for the boundary determination, an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}/ \alpha _{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> classification is then devised with the boundaries of the eight effective classes being determined by an optimization to minimize the misclassification and further integrated on different PolSAR images to remove the possible bias from dataset for general applicability. Comparative experiment on both space-borne and airborne PolSAR datasets with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H/ \alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula> indicates that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}/ \alpha _{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can achieve very consistent roll-invariant target discrimination as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H/ \alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula> (overall accuracy ≥95%, kappa coefficient ≥0.95) but with averagely 150 times higher efficiency although the LAPACK-based eigenanalysis tool has been used to accelerate the eigendecomposition for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H/ \alpha $</tex-math></inline-formula>. Preliminary result from the adaptive model-based classification reveals that the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> -involved boundaries in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{s}/ \alpha _{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> are independent of a particular PolSAR dataset.


Bluestone Dam is a concrete gravity structure founded on interbedded orthoquartzite and carbonaceous shale bedrock. Conventional analyses indicate the dam is unstable at pools approaching the probable maximum flood. Measurements of uplift pressures acting on the base of the dam at elevated pools are not available because 1) the dam has been operated at pool elevations significantly less than those used in design and 2) storms of record have not approached design levels. Numerical modeling was selected to aid in the extrapolation of uplift pressures operable at design pool levels. A preliminary modeling effort was undertaken using the distinct element program UDEC. The preliminary modeling effort had three primary objectives: 1) develop an approach for emulating drain performance and incorporating this within the numerical model, 2) determine the geometric and material parameters that have the greatest influence on uplift pressures for development of an efficient subsurface investigation program; and 3) assess whether numerical modeling can provide reliable information for use in the design process. The scope of this paper includes the parametric study and describes the developed exploration program. The reader is referred to a companion paper published in the 1999 ASDSO Dam Safety Proceedings, St. Louis, Missouri for descriptions of the developed drain model and related uplift pressure distributions.


In this paper, we demonstrate an extremely low-concentrated solar-pumped laser (SPL) that uses a transversely excited fiber laser geometry. To eliminate the need for precise solar tracking with an aggressive cooling system and to considerably increase the number of laser applications, low-concentration factors in SPLs are highly desired. We investigate the intrinsic low-loss property of SiO2 optical fibers; this property can be used to compensate for the extremely low gain coefficient of the weakly-pumped active medium by sunlight. As part of the experimental setup, a 40-m long Nd3+-doped SiO2 fiber coil was packed in a ring-shaped chamber filled with a sensitizer solution; this solution functioned as a down-shifter. The dichroic top window of the chamber transmitted a wide range of sunlight and reflected the down-shifted photons, confining them to the highly-reflective chamber until they were absorbed by the Nd3+ ions in the active fiber. We demonstrated a lasing threshold that is 10 times the concentration of natural sunlight and two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional SPLs.


We report thermal stability measurement results for a fully printed ultra-thin $(\mathrm{t}=1\mu \mathrm{m})$ organic dual-use pre-amplifier circuit meant for on-skin applications. The pre-amplifier consists of 3 TFTs based on organic small molecule semiconductor polystyrene,2,7-dihexyl-dithieno [2,3-d;2',3'- d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene (PS:DTBDT -C6), bias and feedback resistor based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and printed feedback capacitor. The temperature dependency of the amplifier gain and threshold voltage (Vth) are measured in wide range of temperatures (21 to 60 ° C). In this temperature range the gain and Vth are observed to decrease 1,5 and 1 V, respectively. However, in the real use environment (attached on-skin) the expected temperature changes are significantly smaller because the ultra-thin pre-amplifier can use the body as a natural cooling system: although the ambient temperature may increase even 50°C, the expected temperature change on the device is only 6 °C and the changes in gain and Vth fall to neglectable level (0.24 and 0.18 V, respectively).


The multilevel slug test is a technique that provides data for determining the local value of hydraulic conductivity at a specific elevation. However, existing data analysis techniques developed for fully screened and/or partially screened slug tests (Cooper et al., 1967; and Bouwer and Rice, 1976) and packer slug tests (Dagan, 1978) are not adequate for application to the general multilevel case. Through the application of a numerical flow model to the problem, a new means to analyze multilevel slug test data is developed. Simulations performed for both confined and unconfined cases using a finite-element model yield values of dimensionless discharge for a complete range of multilevel slug test geometries. Effects of anisotropy and location of instrumentation relative to aquifer boundaries are also considered. The method allows for values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity to be determined directly from slug test data. Application to experimental data is provided in an outline of the procedure


Purpose Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) versus standard PCNL (sPCNL) to provide higher-level evidence. Materials and Methods Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified from electronic databases. The data analysis was performed by the Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.3. Results A total of 1,219 patients from 9 articles published between 2004 and 2019 were included. Compared with those who received sPCNL, patients who received mPCNL experienced a higher stone-free rate (SFR) (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.99; p=0.03), lower transfusion rates (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17–0.63; p=0.0007), and lower drops in hemoglobin (mean difference [MD], −0.72; 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.40; p<0.00001), but the operative time seemed to be significantly longer (MD, 10.98; 95% CI, 3.64–18.32; p=0.003). Of note, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the SFR (p=0.09) for renal calculi ≥2 cm. In addition, the meta-analysis results showed no significant differences between the groups regarding urine leakage (p=0.60), postoperative fever (p=0.71), impaired ventilation (p=0.97), or total complications (p=0.29) with no heterogeneity between trials. These results remain unaffected with regard to renal calculi ≥2 cm. Conclusions Our findings suggested that mPCNL had a higher SFR than sPCNL and there was no significant difference between the two groups for renal stones ≥2 cm. Besides, mPCNL tended to be associated with significantly less bleeding and a lower transfusion rate, but the duration of the procedure seemed to be significantly longer.


Krupskii, P., and Genton, M. G. (2017), "Factor Copula Models for Data with Spatio-Temporal Dependence," Spatial Statistics, 22, 180–195. [176] Krupskii, P., Huser, R., and Genton, M. G. (2018), "Factor Copula Models for Replicated Spatial Data," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 113, this issue. [176] Lindgren, F., Rue, H., and Lindström, J. (2011), "An Explicit Link Between Gaussian Fields and Gaussian Markov Random Fields: The Stochastic Partial Differential Equation Approach," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 73, 423–498. [177] Litvinenko, A., Sun, Y., Genton, M. G., and Keyes, D. E. (2017), "Likelihood Approximation with Hierarchical Matrices for Large Spatial Datasets," arXiv:1709.04419. [177] Stein, M. L. (2007), "Spatial Variation of Total Column Ozone on a Global Scale," The Annals of Applied Statistics, 1, 191–210. [177] ——— (2014), "Limitations on Low Rank Approximations for Covariance Matrices of Spatial Data," Spatial Statistics, 8, 1–19. [177] Sun, Y., Li, B., and Genton, M. G. (2012), "Geostatistics for Large Datasets," in Advances and Challenges in Space-Time Modelling of Natural Events, E. Porcu, J. M. Montero, and M. Schlather (Eds.), New York: Springer, pp. 55–77. [177] Tukey, J. W. (1977), Exploratory Data Analysis, Reading, MA: AddisonWesley. [176] Xu, G., and Genton, M. G. (2015), "Efficient Maximum Approximated Likelihood Inference for Tukey's g-and-hDistribution," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 91, 78–91. [176] ———(2017), "Tukey g-and-hRandomFields," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 112, 1236–1249. [176] Zammit-Mangion, A., Cressie, N., and Ganesan, A. L. (2016), "NonGaussian Bivariate Modelling with Application to Atmospheric TraceGas Inversion," Spatial Statistics, 18, 194–220. [176] Zammit-Mangion, A., Cressie, N., Ganesan, A. L., O'Doherty, S., andManning, A. J. (2015), "Spatio-Temporal Bivariate Statistical Models for Atmospheric Trace-Gas Inversion," Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 149, 227–241. [176]


The life of a normal incandescent lamp depends primarily on the temperature at which the lamp is operated, and the temperature of the filament is a function, not of the watts or of the candlepower simply, but of the ratio, watts per candle; that is, of the so-called efficiency 1 at which the lamp is operated. For lamps of the same type, the higher the efficiency the shorter the life, and vice versa; and since uniformity in life is one of the first qualifications of a good lot of lamps, uniformity in efficiency is of great importance. There is at present no direct reading ''efficiency meter" on the market, so far as the writers know, and it may be that this is partly the reason for the present custom of specifying limits of watts and candlepower, and not limits of efficiency. In order to meet the need for an efficiency meter in the photometric work of the Bureau of Standards, the writers have recently designed and constructed such an instrument, the theory and operation of which will be described in this paper.


The yield relationship of water-deficit-stressed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) may be dynamic over the alfalfa harvest period. This investigation was conducted to define the alfalfa yield-CWSI relationship(s), to test possible advantages of using the CWSI over the canopy-min us-air temperature (Tc-Ta) differential, and to combine the yield-CWSI relationship with a growth function. •Apollo II' alfalfa was grown for 2 yr in 100-L containers set into the ground and protected from rain by a movable shelter. The soil was a Nicollet silt loam topsoil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll). Treatments were irrigation levels of 112, 100,88,77, and 65% field capacity. Five harvests
were taken at 7-d intervals beginning 21 d 'after an initial clipping. Canopy temperatures were taken daily with an infrared thermometer. A series of exponential yield-CWSI curves resulted from the sequential harvests. Yield reductions of about 10 and 20% resulted from mean CWSI of 0.05 and a.lO, respectively, over 42-d periods. The Gompertz growth function was modified for water-deficit- stress by combining it with the exponential yield-CWSI relationship. Vapor-pressure deficit (VPD) effectively normalized the Tc-Ta data, allowing yield data of the 2 yr to be combined in the yield-mean CWSI relationship. Yield and Tc-Ta data not normalized for VPD showed clear separation by year for slight VPD differences. Alfalfa yield response to water-deficit-stress over time appeared to be adequately described by the combined Gompertz function and the yield-CWSI (Tc+Ta normalized for VPD) curves.


In Japan, the medical cost of therapeutic apheresis (plasma exchange, double filtration, cryofiltration, adsorption, leukocytapheresis, hemofiltration etc.) is widely covered by the insurance of our government. As a result, many patients with many different conditions such as multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, fulminant hepatitis, chemical poisoning, myasthenia gravis, malignant rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombotic microangiopathy, blood type-incompatible pregnancy, post operative hepatic failure, Guillan–Barré syndrome, pemphigis, bullous pemphigoid, hemolytic uremic syndrome, familial hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis obliterans, ABOincompatible renal transplantation, acute hepatitis, severe acute pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and so on are treated by therapeutic apheresis. Therefore, various types of apheresis equipment have been developed to treat these conditions. In particular, the membranes for the filters are improving over time. These developments are supported by the existence of many maintenance hemodialysis patients in Japan. Certainly, the medical costs of these patients are completely guaranteed by our government (see Table 1). Recently, however, some individuals in our government have expressed an interest in reassessing these guaranteed treatments. Some figures related to the medical costs of the therapeutic apheresis in Japan are shown in Table 1. In this issue of Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis , Yokoyama et al. present valuable work relating to the use of immunomodulation in renal diseases. Ishida et al. show important strategies for apheresis therapy in ABO-incompatible renal transplantations and Lennertz et al review cases of acute humoral rejection post kidney transplantation mediated by plasmapheres. Dr Sakata, myself and colleagues would also like to make known the recent studies of leukocytapheresis for inflammatory bowel disease in Japan. In developed countries, centrifugal leukocytapheresis is common. In Japan, however, this treatment is rare for the reason that a centrifugal machine is expensive and requires a large space (as many Western people say, we Japanese live like rabbits in a hutch). Moreover, historically we have recognized that a centrifugal machine is primarily used for blood collection at the Red Cross. Thus, we have been for the most part developing the filter leukocytapheresis (Imugard, Terumo; Cellsorba, Asahi), non-woven polyester fiber filter (A. Kawamura, Asahi), cryofiltration (Y. Nosé, A. Kawamura) and monocytegranulocytapheresis (K. Sawada, Nihon Koutaiken). Treatment by these methods is easy and safe but the cost of these devices is relatively expensive. The appearance of the immunomodulation effect as the leukocytes are exposed to the filter fibers and/or adsorbents is now also being considered. I will further clarify in this issue of the Journal more about this immunomodulation effect using the fiber filter. Therefore, we usually utilize the filter and/or adsorption system in Japan. Needless to say, they both show good functionality for removing the leukocytes. Certainly, leukocytes are removed physically by centrifugal method, but the immunomodulation effect is not exhibited with this method.


Numerical models of crop response to irrigation and weather forecasts with internet access should be fully utilized in modern irrigation management. In this respect, we developed a new numerical scheme to optimize irrigation depth that maximizes net income. Net income was calculated as a function of cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval which depends on irrigation depth. To evaluate this scheme, we carried out a field experiment for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy field of the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan. Two treatments were established to compare the net income of the proposed scheme with that of an automated irrigation system. Results showed that although the proposed scheme gave a larger amount of seasonal irrigation water 28%, it achieved 2.18 times of net income owing to 51% higher yield compared to results of the automated irrigation system. This suggests that the proposed scheme would be more economical tool than automated irrigation systems to optimize irrigation depths.


A wipe accommodating body has: packaging that accommodates a stack of sheet wipes and is provided with, on the top face, an extraction section that allows wipes composing the stack to be pulled in order from the top; and an internal member that is interposed, in the packaging, between the stack and the top face of the packaging. The internal member comprises a first portion that is in contact with the top face, a second portion that is in contact with the stack, a friction hole that is provided on the second portion and applies a frictional resistance to the passage of the wipes, and an elastic force generating mechanism that produces elastic force to separate the first portion and the second portion.


A new technique for enhancing the measurement resolution of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor is proposed. This technique uses a cavity ring-down approach to amplify optical intensity by accumulating unremarkable intensity changes. A wavelength-stabilized optical pulse with a width of 10 ns rotates several times inside an optical fiber loop that contains a FBG sensor. In other words, the loop system functions as an integrator of slight intensity transition. A temperature resolution of at least 0.02 °C was achieved at 20.0 °C. Resolution with this technique is at least five times higher than previous techniques.


In this thesis will develop the importance of NLP in the Senior Management to
generate new business, NLP is a tool used in the workplace as a great help for the Senior
Management department in charge in managing the company and performance, this
instrument enables personal and professional growth of a person by recoding experiences
and reprogramming decisions to get the results expected by self-knowledge to guide the
brain to create positive changes in attitudes that lead to a person to have a fulfilling life,
balanced in mind and spirit which consequently results in success personal and
professional development.
In the presentation of the problem, determine the usefulness of this thesis, and that
is because in Quito there is not a high participation of institutions that using the tool in the
training in firms or groups of people, giving denote that there is not a common knowledge
in Quito society.
The methodology used in this thesis theoretical documentary, is the collection of
data from existing sources to assert the importance of NLP in senior management to made
new business, we investigated top management definitions, how generating new business,
and applied strategies for generating new business among others, which was developed in
the review of theories and literature.
Once established the meanings of fundamental issues proceeded to the findings and
answer research questions, which asseverated with data sources and documented the claim
that there is the problem of this thesis.


ABSTRACT Objective Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious complication in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI). An interarm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBD) ≥10 mmHg has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the IASBD for the risk of CIN in patients with STEMI who underwent p-PCI. Method We prospectively investigated 2120 consecutive patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of STEMI and underwent p-PCI. A relative increase in serum creatinine levels of ≥ 25% or an absolute increase of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL from baseline within 72 h of contrast exposure was defined as CIN. The IASBD was calculated on admission to the emergency department. The risk of CIN was evaluated. Results The incidence of CIN was 6.6% (n = 139). The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the development of CIN. Age (p = .001), baseline creatinine levels (p < .001), DM (p < .001), HT (p < .001) and anemia (p = .001) were higher in patients with CIN. An IASBD ≥10 mmHg was noted in 13 (9.3%) patients in the CIN group and 83 (4.1%) (p = .001) in the non-CIN group (Table 1). According to the multivariate analysis, the IASBD was found to be a predictor of CIN development (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.42–3.90, p: 0.001). Conclusion The IASBD on admission can be a potential predictor of CIN development in patients with STEMI who underwent p-PCI.


In this paper,by study the soil pollution condition of 'Environmental geological investigation of the major cities in Guizhou Province',it dose the comprehensible pollution index calculation according to the organic and inorganic project standard in the 'National environmental quality standard for soil'GB15618-1995,estimates with N.L.Nemerow index,the scale and rank of soil pollution in Guizhou province is generally known.


This paper provides a summary of various known techniques for generating holograms by means of a digital computer and associated display devices, and discusses a recently invented method which is some cases offers distinct advantages over alternate approaches.


Partial nitrification of a high-strength ammonium wastewater (1150 ± 150 mg N-NH L−1), mimicking reject water, was achieved in an activated sludge pilot plant with a configuration of three continuous reactors in series plus a settler. Stable and robust partial nitrification was maintained during 800 days of operation at 30°C with a sludge retention time (SRT) of 8 ± 3 days. A high volumetric ammonium oxidation rate (2.0 g N L−1 d−1) was obtained with a [N-NO ]/[N-NO ] ratio of 1, i.e. full nitritation. The start-up of the partial nitrification system was quickly and successfully performed with an on-line control system using municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge as inoculum. An ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) fraction of 72 ± 10% was obtained after only 30 days of start-up. The applied SRT of 7–10 days with the combination of free ammonia inhibition and dissolved oxygen limitation provided the selective washout of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and an active nitrifying population with high ammonium oxidizing rates.


A 49-year-old African man, with no known past medical history, presented to the emergency department with three day history of vomiting, lethargy, confusion and drowsiness on a background of two week history of thirst, polyuria with drinking up to 10 pints of water a day. More recently he had been drinking litres of non-diet lemonade in an effort to sustain energy levels.

On examination, Glasgow Coma Score was 6 (eyes 4, verbal 1, motor 1). He was severely dehydrated with dry mucous membranes, blood pressure 75/40 mmHg, pulse rate 120 bpm and cool peripheries. He was pyrexial 38.5°C, and hypoxic (oxygen saturations 84% on room air). Cardiovascular and respiratory examination was otherwise unremarkable. On arrival to the emergency department, he was intubated and ventilated due to hypoxaemia and poor conscious level. Baseline investigations are shown in Box 1. Chest radiograph showed patchy consolidation in the right base, suggestive of an aspiration pneumonia. A diagnosis of HHS, acute renal failure and severe mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis was made. The patient was managed on the intensive care unit (ICU) with careful fluid resuscitation with 0.9% saline, according to central venous pressure. Slow reduction of plasma glucose was an explicit aim, using a maximum of 1 unit per hour of intravenous insulin, aiming to reduce plasma glucose by no faster than 1 mmol/L every 4 hours.1 He was fully anticoagulated in view of his high risk of stroke, and was given broad spectrum antibiotics. On ICU, he required inotropic support to maintain blood pressure, and haemofiltration in view of his acute renal failure and severe acidosis.

Box 1
Investigations on admission

Sodium 157 mmol/L (136–146 mmol/L)
Corrected Sodium 181 mmol/L (136–146 mmol/L)
Potassium 3.9 mmol/L (3.5–5.1 mmol/L)
Urea 23.7 mmol/L (2.5–6.4 mmol/L)
Creatinine 253 µmol/L (62–106 µmol/L)
Creatine Kinase 1097 mmol/L (9–168 IU/L)
Calcium 2.45 mmol/L (2.15–2.58 mmol/L)
Phosphate 1.52 mmol/L (0.74–1.52 mmol/L)
Serum osmolality 480 mOsm/kg (280–295 mOsm/kg)
Haemoglobin 14.8 g/dl (11.5–16.6)
White cell count 17.6 × 109/l (4–11)
Platelets 211 × 109/l (150–400)
Plasma Glucose 90.3 mmol/L (4–7 mmol/L)
pH 6.998 (7.35–7.45)
pCO2 5.54 kPa (4.67–6.40 kPa)
pO2 (on 100% oxygen) 12.9 kPa (11.1–14.4 kPa)
Bicarbonate 14.3 mmol/L (22–26 mmol/L)
Lactate 5.6 mmol/L (0.5–1.6 mmol/L)
Base Excess −12.3 mmol/L (−3–+3 mmol/L)
Chest radiograph Right sided volume loss and patchy consolidation
ECG Sinus tachycardia
Urinalysis Protein +
 Ketones trace
 Blood + + +
 Leucocytes negative
 Nitrites negative

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His condition did not improve despite full intensive care. Serum creatine kinase continued to increase to a peak of 417,907 IU/L, and a presumptive diagnosis of compartment syndrome leading to muscle infarction and acute rhabdomyolysis was made, which was supported by raised compartment pressures in the thigh and calf muscles. He underwent multiple fasciotomies, which confirmed necrotic muscle. His acidosis did not resolve despite haemofiltration, and oxygenation deteriorated, probably as a result of acute lung injury. He developed uncontrollable bleeding from disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and after careful discussion with his family, further support was withdrawn, and he died 72 hours after arrival in hospital.

Post mortem examination showed a fatty liver, evidence of muscle infarction in the legs, but no evidence of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events.


There are several types of childhood behavioral disorders. The most common disruptive behavior disorders include ODD, CD and ADHD. Socio-economic factors are known to influence the prevalence of chronic childhood disabling conditions including emotional and behavioral disorders. Assessment of school-age children for difficult or challenging behavior constitutes a major case load of neurodevelopmental pediatricians (mainly designated as community pediatricians) and child/adolescent psychiatrists in the UK. We aimed to evaluate the influence of the socio-economic status among school-age children on the distribution and types of behavioral disorders, including ADHD, in a local district Community Pediatric unit of a large healthcare NHS Foundation Trust in the North West of England. The record of all the patients who were seen in any outpatient clinic over a 22-month period between Jan 2014 and Oct 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Information was collected on the range of clinical presentation and socioeconomic characteristics. The socio-economic status of each child was determined using the latest published Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2015. A total of 201 school-age children were referred (9 monthly), corresponding to an average of 31% of total monthly caseload. The proportion of patients living in the most deprived deciles and quintiles was 39% and 70% respectively. The prevalence in the most deprived decile (11.6/1000) was 193 times that of the most affluent area. History of family and social adversities was common among the patients including separated parents (24%), fostered / adopted (11%) and previous exposure to abuse, domestic violence or neglect (9%). Socioeconomic deprivation is significantly associated with the prevalence of behavior problems in children living in the North-West of England. Poverty-related chronic stressors are hypothesized to cumulatively compromise parental psychology and ultimately childhood behavioral and mental health outcomes. Tackling the problem requires integrated multidisciplinary and multi-agency approach.


This work presents an experimental procedure to find the best calibration for a spark ignition engine. The ECU control allows adjustments in the ignition and fuel maps, beyond configuring the whole system according to the sensors and actuators types. The ignition dwell time and the best moment to start the injection fuel can be controlled accurately by this system. This work describes the experimental apparatus and also the methodology to accomplish the adjustments in the ECU maps, seeking to obtain the best performance. Comparison performance data for the standard engine and the proposed configuration are presented here, showing a 50% gain for an engine of 1300 cm, four cylinders in line, and 16 valves. The standard configuration is an aspirated engine with an original ECU developed aiming vehicle emissions, engine power output, fuel consumption and engine lifetime in order to best meet requirements. A new configuration consists of adding the GT12 turbocompressor with the intercooler system, oil cooler and the MoTec M4 ECU also responsible for controlling the boost pressure of the turbo compressor electronically. This engine with the new configuration will be used in airplanes, so the exhaust emission is not an important parameter at this job.


Headache is a common complaint in children and adolescents. Only minority percentage of headaches is associated with serious causative factors such as space occupying lesion. Arachnoid cysts compose less than of one percent of all intracranial lesions and they are mostly asymptomatic. Herein, we present a teenager with refractory headache diagnosed with arachnoid cyst. Cystoperitoneal shunt insertion was performed and patient's complaint totally resolved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jnr156w


The extracellular development of Plasmodium lophurae in vitro was favored by the addition, to the erythrocyte-extract medium, of a coenzyme A (CoA) preparation of about 75% purity. The effect of CoA was the same regardless of the concentration of free pantothenate in the medium, indicating that the parasites require the complete coenzyme rather than its pantothenic acid moiety. Erythrocyte extracts were found to contain enzymes which hydrolyzed added CoA at a rate such that 8 units per ml. of coenzyme was only slightly destroyed after 3 hours'incubation but almost completely destroyed after 18 hours'incubation at 40°C. The CoA content of erythrocytes from chickens or ducks heavily infected with P. lophurae was about twice as high as that of erythrocytes from uninfected birds. The increased CoA was associated with the parasites, an observation suggesting that malaria parasites can accumulate this essential growth factor which they cannot synthesize. The CoA concentration in the livers of infected chickens was approximately 40% lower than that in the livers of control chickens. The livers of ducks on the 6th day of infection had a slightly lower CoA concentration than those of uninfected ducks. This depletion in CoA, together with the depletion in biotin previously demonstrated in P. lophurae infection, may play a role in the pathology of this infection.


In order to upgrade the level of the hospital automatic system,Design a bus interconnects system of calls and infusion monitor which used in hospital beds.System consists of a master and multiple slave stations.Master station can receive 20 call signals sent from the slave station,also can manually clear the current displayed number of beds and have sound light alarm signal.The slave station can real time show infusion rate and have alarm signal after the end of infusion 3 seconds,simultaneously prompts the signal to the master station.The distance between master and the farthest slave station up to 1000 meters.Master also can display the slave station number and current infusion rate one by one,Time of display interval can be arbitrarily set between 3-10 seconds.


. DC-bias is one of the important problems in the process of the modern power system development, Which would cause the damage to electrical equipment and even lead to the power system disastrous accidents. DC bias is mainly caused by the solar storm or the DC power transmission system. Firstly, on the basis of analysis of the typical DC bias historical events, the characteristics of DC-bias due to the two causes is researched. Then, the DC bias control method is summarized and classified, and the DC bias governance principles applicability recommendation are proposed. Finally, using the GIC Benchmark model, we calculate the DC current in the neutral point of the substation, and analyze the features govern laws aim at the both causes. At the end of this paper, the unresolved issues and possible research directions is proposed.


This paper presents a new solution approach, which is a hybridization of ant colony optimization (ACO) and simulated annealing (SA), called (liACO) to design of communication networks. The design problem is to find the optimal network topology where total cost is minimum and all- terminal reliability is not less-than a given level of reliability. The effectiveness of the liACO is investigated comparing its results with those obtained by SA and ACO, which are basic forms of the liACO, and also GAs given in the literature for the design problem. Computational results show that the liACO is an effective heuristic approach to design of reliable networks.