Automatic text summarization is a technique concerning the creation of a compressed form for single document or multidocuments. The summary creation under the condition of the redundancy and the summary length limitation is a challenge problem. The automatic text summarization system which is built based on exploiting of the advantages of different resources in form of an integration model could produce a good summary for the original document. In this paper, we introduced an integration model for automatic text summarization problem; we tried to exploit different resources advantages in building of our model like advantage of diversity based method which can filter the similar sentences and select the most diverse ones and advantage of the differentiation between the most important features and less important using swarm based method. The experimental results showed that our model got the best performance over all methods used in this study.


Banks are the support system of any economy, hence the significant need for economies to have a healthy system of banking with operative corporate governance system. The study examined the effect of corporate governance and financial performance in the banking sector of Nigeria and United Kingdom. It analyzed secondary data collated from the annual report of ten listed banks each from the Nigeria and UK stock exchange markets. Using multiple regression model, the study examined the combined effect of board size, board composition, audit committee and firm size on the performance of the listed banks. The result shows that corporate governance variables have a significant effect on the financial performance of the Nigeria and U.K banking sector.


AgNPs are the potential additives to simultaneously increase the photostability, fl uorescence emission, as well as singlet oxygen generation capability of in vitro Chl a . The UV– vis, fl uorescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies have been carried out to assess the effect of AgNPs on Chl a . The results show that the half-life of Chl a (4.5 × 10 − 6 M ) has been extended from 49 to 770 min in the presence of ultralow concentration of AgNPs (0.36 × 10 − 9 M ). Additionally, it is seen that AgNPs are much more effective photoprotective agents of in vitro Chl a than are the carotenoid molecules (i.e., β -carotene and lycopene). The protecting ability of Chl a against photodegradation by AgNPs is the result of their binding with Chl a at its nitrogen sites, thus inhibiting the binding of ROS at these sites, which are known to cause the photodegradation of Chl a . In addition to their signifi cant photoprotective perfor-mance, we have also observed that AgNPs improve MEF and ME 1 O 2 properties of Chl a by 1.2 and 2 times, respectively. plasmon resonance approximately 430 nm observed for in good with that of


A mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma induced by topical application of the direct-acting alkylating agent /3-propiolactone contains an activated 11-rav oncogene with an A—»T transversion at the second nucleotide of codon 61. The mutation was detected in NIH3T3 transfretan! and original tumor DNA by an Xhal restriction enzyme polymorphism and confirmed by oligonucleotide "mismatch" hybridization. The mutation was not seen in the liver of the same animal. The activated oncogene also exhibited several restriction enzyme polymorphisms in transfretan! DNA due to a reciprocal translocation 3' to the coding region of the gene, which occurred during transfert ion. The activating mutation was found in only 1 of 6 /3-propiolactone induced mouse skin tumors examined, the only tumor with a transforming H-ras oncogene. This is a much lower fre quency of activation than that previously reported for the same tumor type induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The A—»T transver sion mutation is consistent with a potentially direct mutagenic effect of a specific 0-propiolactone-DNA adduct.


In parallel with the amazing increase in mobile data traffic, the fast-growing requirement and development of the green communication technology have led to many energy-saving designs in mobile networks. Meanwhile, as advanced cellular technologies progress, more than one component carrier (CC) can now be jointly utilized in a base station (BS). As a result, the energy consumption of the BS has become an important concern. In this paper, a novel green rate-and-power control transmission scheme is therefore proposed for the BS transmission to address the problem of energy minimization at BS transceivers subject to certain quality-of-service and fairness requirements for all users. Communication activities in downlink transmissions of the BS with orthogonal frequency-division multiple access-based multi-CCs are considered. Simulation results demonstrate that the energy consumption of the proposed novel energy-saving scheme is much better than that of existing schemes, when all schemes satisfy the same constraints.


A JIG is a device used to ensure that all the members of a batch of articles are alike. In its simplest form, it is known as a template; which, however, only ensures uniformity so long as each article is accurately made to the shape of the template, the accuracy depending to a considerable extent on the skill of the operator.


Hydrophilicity greatly limits the application of ZnO in catalysis, sensing, energy conversion and other applications. There is an extremely urgent need to prepare superhydrophobic ZnO. In this study, a novel superhydrophobic ZnO flower-like nanostructure with petals 10 μm in length and 2 μm in width was obtained by a combination of hydrothermal and single dip-coating methods on nickel foam. Porous flower-like ZnO nanostructures were synthesized on the nickel foam substrate by an economical hydrothermal method combined with subsequent calcinations. The rough surface caused by acid treatment and the cross-growth of the petals increased the stability of the flower-like ZnO and the binding force between the ZnO layer and the nickel wire. Decomposition of the ZnO precursor released CO2 and H2O, leaving uniform holes in the ZnO petals. After hydrophobic treatment with PFAS, the contact angle was 154° and the sliding angle was approximately 2°, indicating that the surface changed from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic. The superhydrophobic surface could withstand a temperature of 350 °C in an air atmosphere, indicating that the superhydrophobic surface has good thermal stability. The ZnO flower-like nanostructure can be potentially used in microwave absorption, electrochemical sensing, heterogeneous catalysis and lithium-metal batteries. This work provides a new method for the practical fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces.


More a small atlas than a monograph, this book covers the anatomy of the vascular system of the brain. The bulk of the book is taken up with anatomy of the adult vascular system with an introduction on embryology. Sections also included are "The Meninges," "The Ventricular System," and "Cerebrospinal Fluid and The Blood Brain Barrier."


Background: This paper examines myths, misinformation, factual information, and
communication
about family planning and their effects on contraceptive use in Nigeria.
Methods: A nationally representative sample of 20,171 respondents from two waves of a
multiround survey (one in 2003 and the other in 2005), was analyzed at the bivariate level using
Chi-square tests and at the multivariate level using logistic regression.
Results: Key myths and misinformation about family planning having significant negative
effects on contraceptive use included: "contraception makes women become promiscuous", "it
is expensive to practice family planning", and "family planning causes cancer". Factual information
having significant positive effects on contraceptive use includes the messages that family
planning methods are effective and not against religious teaching. The type of people with whom
respondents discussed family planning had a significant effect on use of contraception.
Respondents
who discussed family planning with their spouse, friends, and health workers were more
likely to use contraception than those who discussed it with religious leaders. Other significant
predictors of contraceptive use were region of residence, gender, and socioeconomic status.
Conclusion: Family planning programs should focus on eliminating myths and misinformation,
while strengthening factual information. Contraception programs should factor in the role
of significant others, particularly spouses and friends.


Dexlansoprazole delayed release is a newly developed class of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI). The drug is effective in the treatment of erosive esophagitis, maintenance of eosinophilic esophagitis and relief of heartburn. Additionally, it is also beneficial in the treatment of heartburn with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease. The drug offers the advantage of no dosage adjustment in patients with hepatic impairment. Dexlansoprazole inhibits the stomach acid secrection by specific inhibition of the hydrogen-potassium—ATPase in parietal cells of stomach. Dexlansoprazole inhibits the final step of acid production. The purpose of this study was to perform in-vitro evaluation of different randomly selected brands of dexlansoprazole available in the market. The in-vitro evaluation was performed by assessing the quality control testing parameters .i.e. weight variation, disintegration and dissolution test as specified in BP/USP. All the three brands were found to comply with the offcial pharmacopeial limits of weight variation, disintegration and dissolution. As the therapeutic response of a drug depends largely on its quality parameters, hence, it is concluded that the brands investigated in the study can be interchangeably used owing to their similar quality profile


If scholarly articles could have intricate subtitles, as did treatises published long ago, the heading of this essay would be much longer. The larger scheme of things into which the career of Václav Eusebius z Lobkovic, head of the Habsburg government from 1669 to 1674, fits is armed service and nobility. Assuming that the latter was synonymous with what Marc Bloch called the "seignorial" class—i. e., Central Europe's dominant or ruling social group prior to the industrial epoch—one may argue that for more than a millennium, from Merovingian times onward, a symbiotic, if fluid and complex, relationship existed between the waging of war and the establishment of that control over land which constituted the tangible foundation for noble power and authority.


The first impregnated with fluorinated polymer porous carbon paper or cloth is, carries a microporous coating of a second fluorinated polymer mixed with carbon particles, the gas diffusion backing of a fuel cell. Further, the fluorinated polymer is integrated by heating to a temperature above the glass transition temperature or melting point, a method for manufacturing a composite material is described. Membrane electrode assembly and fuel cells fabricated using the gas diffusion backing is also provided.


A method of optimizing grazing incidence x-ray coatings in ground based axion helioscopes is presented. Software has been been developed to find the optimum coating when taking both axion spectrum and Micromegas detector quantum efficiency into account. A comparison of the relative effective area in the telescope using different multilayer material combinations is produced. Similar methods are used for IAXO, a planned axion helioscope. Additionally, the optimal focal length is modelled while taking into account the least possible background contribution from the detector.


Abstract Background: Sleep disturbances, circadian abnormalities and poor health are often reported in children with brain tumours. The objective of this study was to examine circadian function, sleep pattern, fatigue and mental health in these children. We hypothesized that children with tumours involving the areas of the circadian system have altered melatonin secretion. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: 309 children diagnosed with a tumour in the brain or cervical medulla and aged ≤18 years were identified, 174 met the inclusion criteria, and 68 consented to participate. They were divided according to their tumour location into 1) location involving the areas of the circadian system, i.e. diencephalon, pineal gland, brain stem and cervical medulla and 2) other areas. Sleep-wake patterns were assessed by two weeks of sleep diary recordings and actigraphy in 66 and 61 children, respectively. Diurnal saliva-melatonin levels were measured in 51 children. Sleep quality, fatigue and mental health were assessed in 65 children by Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Multidimensional Fatigue Scale and Generic Core Scale. Results: All children had normal sleep-wake patterns without significant between-group differences. The children with tumours involving the areas of the circadian system had lower melatonin peak levels (p=0.03) and a tendency of lower levels at 00 h and 04 h (all p=0.06). Three patterns of diurnal melatonin profiles were observed: Normal, low peak and phase-shifted peak. In comparison of the two patient groups, more children with tumours involving the areas of the circadian system had melatonin profiles with low peak values (29% vs 13%) and one had phase-shifted peak (3% vs 0%), although not significant. These children were more affected by mental problems (p<0.01), more cognitive fatigued (p=0.03) and had poorer quality of life (p=0.01) than children with tumours located elsewhere. Conclusion: Children with tumours affecting the areas of the circadian system including the diencephalon, pineal gland, brain stem and cervical medulla have altered melatonin secretion, are fatigued, have poor mental health and poor quality of life. Circadian disturbances may adversely affect health and have negative psychological impact.


Abstrcat The methods to characterize the damping properties of materials are introduced. The research work on the damping mechanism is reviewed. The research achievements on the influence of molecular structure upon dynamic mechanical properties of polymer materials are summarized and the existing problems are analyzed in the view of molecular design taking LA and TA analysis methods as examples. A brief forecast on the further research work is given.


This research studies the translation of complex sentence in Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince into Harry Potter dan Pangen Berdarah Campuran. The objectives of the study are to describe the translation shift complex sentence and to classify the types of equivalence used in translation of complex sentence in Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince into Harry Potter and Pangeran Berdarah Campuran.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research the objects of the research are complex sentence in Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince and its Translation Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran. The data are in the forms English texts consisting of complex sentence and their translation. They are collected from both the books by using documentation method.
The results of the data analysis show that there are two shifts of the translation of complex sentence, namely: 1) 52 complex sentences with independent clause and dependent clause is translated into complex sentence with independent clause and dependent clause; and 2) 8 complex sentence with independent clause and 2 dependent clauses is translated into complex sentence with independent clause and 2 dependent clause.
Besides, the equivalence of translation is divided into equivalent translation and non equivalent translation. From 60 data, there are 56 data belong equivalence translation and only 4 data non equivalence.


Establishing the depositional sedimentary environment is the most important task for exploration geologists to model the reservoir heterogeneities. Interpretation of borehole images has been the key to better understanding of the sedimentary environment in the study area in Krishna-Godavari basin (KG basin) along the east coast of India. The present study aims at reconstructing sedimentary depositional environment with the help of image logs and cores and other available data set. Data analysis and integration of borehole images in 9 wells of the study area present a detailed insight into the different architectural elements of the sedimentary environment envisaged.


Water deficit is one of the major environmental issues affecting biodiversity. Drought-related works are conducted to explore the mechanisms involved in drought vulnerability or resistance and to adopt the most advantageous tool to monitor these changes. Field spectroscopy, an accessory tool of remote sensing, evaluates the reflectance to collect continuous spectrum from materials. In the conducted study, the potential of using UV-Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a non-destructive and reliable approach in monitoring of drought effects on three Medicinal and Aromatic Plants species (MAPs): Lavandula stoechas, Cistus laurifolius and Pistacia lentiscus from Northern Morocco during dry (July 2021) and wet (March 2022) period was addressed . It was found that Lavandula stoechas species is more impacted by water deficit than Cistus laurifolius and Pistacia lentiscus . Indeed, this species has a lower reflectance in Visible and NIR regions of the spectrum after a period of drought and therefore a higher vulnerability to water deficit than the other two species.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-154599-82815?filename=Study of Drought Effects.pdf


Extreme rainfall events occur rarely but are integral elements of climatic conditions in any region. The frequency of occurrence of extreme events has been studied using 57 years of observed rainfall data over India and its neighbouring countries. In this study, the rank method has been used to compute the threshold rainfall amount based on past observations. If the model forecasted rainfall is above the climatological threshold, then that event is identified as an extreme at that grid point and for that specific day. The results show an increasing trend in the number of extreme weather events during monsoons. The National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) uses the Unified Model (NCUM) for operational weather forecasting on a medium‐range timescale. The capability of the model in predicting extreme rainfall events over India and its surrounding regions has not been evaluated so far. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to identify extreme rainfall events from the medium‐range rainfall forecasts and compare the same with observations so that forecasts for extreme events can be obtained. The rank method has been applied to the NCUM forecast of rainfall during the period June to September 2014. Several extreme rainfall cases are identified during this monsoon. The frequency of occurrence of extreme events is compared with observations, and it is found that the model has reasonable skill to predict up to day three forecasts. However, this skill reduces when the forecast period length increases.


The cover image visualizes several learning trajectories of Lenient Frequency Adjusted Q-learning in the Matching Pennies game, together with the dynamics of its evolutionary model. This image is related to the experiments described in Section 6.1. Acknowledgments A master's thesis is not something that suddenly springs into existence. Not completely unrelated to my research, I came to think of it as a dynamical process, sometimes slow moving, sometimes fast, in one direction or another. Only if you know the governing dynamics, will you know what the end result will be. To extend this metaphor further (again not completely unrelated to my research), thesis writing resembles multi-agent interactions, where you are not on your own, but influenced by a group of people around you. Without these influences, this thesis would not have been anything like it is now. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my two supervisors. Karl, thank you for your support, enthusiasm, and constructive comments during our many meetings. There have been periods that my research did not proceed as well as I hoped, or that I lacked motivation or inspiration; but every time one meeting with you was enough to get me back on track. I hope that we get the chance to continue this fruitful cooperation in the future. Michael, thank you for all your good comments and suggestions. I would also like to thank all my good friends and fellow students at the Department of Knowledge Engineering , for making my time there a very enjoyable one. Furthermore, I thank everyone who supported me in any way during my study, especially my closest friends and family. Without you I would not have been where I am now. As an old saying goes, " the proof of the pudding is in the eating ". Therefore, I hope that you will enjoy reading this thesis as much as I enjoyed the process of writing it. Summary Multi-agent learning plays an increasingly important role in solving complex dynamic problems in to-day's society. Despite its importance, the field of multi-agent learning still lacks a strong theoretical framework. Recently, an evolutionary game theoretic approach to multi-agent reinforcement learning has been proposed as a first step towards such a framework. This thesis contributes by investigating how a better understanding of multi-agent reinforcement learning can be derived from the evolutionary game theoretic analysis, both in homogeneous and heterogeneous …


ABSTRACTAre electric vehicles (EVs) a digital disruptive technology that will replace analog internal combustion engines (ICE) parallel to how digital high definition television (HDTV) supplanted analog cathode ray tube (CRT) TV? Or perhaps EV is merely a sustaining innovation and ICE will rule forever. The digital revolution from analog, mechanical, and electronic has shattered technology forever in HDTV, LED, telecommunications, fiber optics, printing, solar panels, computers, cell phones, and nanotechnology. The authors are now asking the question "Does EV technology embody sufficient digital advantage to supersede ICE?" The answer requires creativity in quantifying the digital advantage in technology, economics, energy and pollution.The authors further propose that "The digital revolution is primarily driven by the energy efficiency of minimizing losses in energy input and signal storage and transmission. The byproduct of energy in-efficiency (signal corruption) is harmful local pollution and rapid de...


The micropore status of air-dry and preheated imogolites has been examined by measuring retention of (CH3)4NCl, (C2H5)4NCl, (C4H9)4NCl, (CH3)2(C6H5)(C6H5CH2)NCl and water. Interactions between the salt and imogolite were followed by observing the moist or dry appearance of the clay-salt mixture when the salt is deliquescent and by observing the changes of the x-ray pattern of imogolite. The adsorption of water vapor at various relative humidities was determined by gravimetry. No stoichiometrical relationship was found between the maximum amounts of different salts retained by imogolite. The volume ratios of the salt and water at their retention maxima to the solid phase of imogolite were calculated from the retention data. They were found in ranges 1.3 to 1.6 and 0.5 to 1.1 for the air-dry and preheated imogolites, respectively. The difference between them gave a measure of the void ratio of the inter-structure-unit pores. The collapse of these pores by heating and its inhibition by the salt uptake were indicated by x-ray analysis. The volume ratios obtained with the preheated imogolite increased with the increasing size of the cation up to (C4H9)4N+, but the largest cation (CH3)2(C6H5)(C6H5CH2)N+ gave the lowest value. On this basis, the presence of the intra-structure-unit pores of about 10 A in diameter was inferred. INTRODUCTION A Micron-length threads of imogolite with a diameter of 100 to 300 were found to consist of fiber units with separation of the order of 18-20 A by Yoshinaga et al. (1968) . The arrangement and internal structure of the fiber units were then discussed by Russell et al. (1969) and by Wada and Yoshinaga (1969) taking the diffraction, infrared and other relevant data into consideration. They agreed on that imogolite has a unique chain structure with a repeat unit of 8.4 A parallel to the fiber axis, but there remained a difference of opinion regarding to the other aspects of the structure. The porosity in an air-dry imogolite was estimated to amount to about 55 % from the difference between its "true" and "bulk" densities and from its adsorption of water (Wada and Yoshinaga, 1969) . They then equated this porosity with that between the structure units in each thread of imogolite, 128 K. Wada and T. Henmi and used as a basis for reasoning of a paracrystalline arrangement of the structure units. However, a high resolution electron microscopy has indicated that the structure unit is a hollow tube with the outside and inner diameters, 17-21 A and 7-10 A, respectively (Wada et al., 1970). The results of these studies imply that there are at least two different types of micropores in imogolite, that is, the interand the intra-structure-unit pores. The purpose of the present study is to provide additional data on these micropores both in air-dry and preheated imogolites. The data have basic importance to assessment of the chemical reactivity of imogolite and to deduction of the arrangement of its structure unit. Electron microscopy and diffraction also provide information about the morphology and arrangement of the structure units. The specimen in the electron microscope is, however, subjected to high vacuum and bombardment of the electron beam. The observed features could therefore considerably be different from those in air-dry state. On the other hand, limited number of reflections of imogolite and their broadness present difficulties in the x-ray analysis. In the present study, the pore size and porosity were estimated from measured retention of quaternary ammonium chlorides and water as "fillers" of the micropores .


The invention relates to a hot gas leading gas collecting pipe (1) of a gas turbine, which is located between the combustor and the turbine blades. DOLLAR A The gas collecting tube (1) has two inlet openings (2) for receiving the hot gas. DOLLAR A The outlet consists of the flanges (5, 6) which are connected to the turbine. DOLLAR A The material of the gas collecting pipe (1) is a highly hot and corrosion-resistant base metal (9) having an on both the inside and on the outside of the base metal (9), applied high-temperature corrosion and oxidation coating (4). DOLLAR A In the region of the inner cone (13) on the base metal (9) on one side a HKO layer (4), on the opposite side of the heat insulation layer (8) applied.


It is proposed that many people with intellectual disabilities are facing an extensive range of stressors through current shifts in models of service delivery. They are increasingly being encouraged to adapt to new open employment opportunities and new independent living schemes. Increasingly they are being expected to show independence, initiative and flexibility- to welcome and even demand change. Changes of such magnitude have long been associated with stress. This study describes the development and standardization of a stress scale which can be used by people with mild intellectual disabilities. The items were derived by people with disabilities from events in their lives which stressed them and the scale enables users to quantify the frequency and intensity of daily hassles and major life stressors currently bothering them. With such data may come power and control over the timing and nature of changes in their lives.


Problem solutions connected with rotary vibration decrease issues are based upon a linear vibration theory. The theory also points out main vibration control measures: vibration isolations, damping, dynamic damping, decreasing the amount of driving force. One of the examples of the last mentioned is rotor balancing, particularly low-speed balancing. A lowspeed rotary balancing is a fulfillment of a condition of a rotation axis passing through its centre of mass and compliance of a rotation axis of a rotary with one of its main inertial axes. Recently rather compact low frequency balancing machines of BM series, named "Morion", allowing static and instant balancing of rotary mass up to 3 kilos have appeared in Russia. The machine is placed on the table. Such machines have found use during rotary balancing of turbines of internalcombustion engines and gas-turbine engines, as the production of such rotors is large and each item is needed to be balanced. The aim is to determine the extent to which the introduction of a third plane correction in a given cross- section increases the efficiency of the available low-frequency balancing on the balancer "Morion". The project addressed the following questions: • Building a computational model of the rotor GD-40; • Determination of natural frequencies and forms of the spinning rotor; • Develop and probabilistic reasoning – a statistical model of the rotor unbalance shaftmounted design; • Study the effectiveness of balancing systems using different corrective masses; • Use a 3-plane balancing in practice; • Analysis of influence of the correction planes.


INTRODUCTIONWomen's Movement has provided fresh inputs in terms of individual and group counselling, popularly known as "Consciousness raising" exercise, a form of mutual counselling that enables women as a group to share experiences, problems, feelings, dreams, utopia and action plan for rebuilding shattered lives. This process of attaining feminist consciousness allows women to recognise that what they perceive as personal problems are shared with others in a non- threatening and non-power oriented atmosphere. It also enables women to realise what they think of as resulting of living in patriarchal society. "Consciousness raising can be seen as enabling women to overcome false consciousness."1 It empowers women to come to a realisation of their own potential, makes them autonomous, self-dependent in their decision-making power and emotionally self-reliant. It is an ongoing process that brings about personal and collaborative change as opposed to structural change. The need for small groups/ informal group discussion is emphasised in this method.Worsening Socio-economic and Political Situation and Mental Health of Women:Experiences from both industrialised and developing countries have revealed that the prevalence of common mental disorders or minor psychiatric morbidity is high among the urban low income and marginalized population. Women among them are even more vulnerable. Globalisation, Structural Adjustment Programmes, increasing conflict with neighbouring countries and ongoing sectarian violence on caste, ethnicity and communal lines within the country2 have put the population of our country at high risk of mental illnesses.3 Alert India is a large NGO with 550 community workers working among the marginalized sections of Mumbai metropolis. Their women health workers found that women who have to deal with financial hardship, experience tremendous stress. Moreover, women within community are affected differentially depending on their own place in the Indian socio-economic hierarchy. In this regards, female-headed households are most vulnerable to mental distress. The mental health professionals are only geared for the episodic disasters and not the enduring disasters. Hence, there is a need for interdisciplinary mental health interventions.Professional counsellors act as facilitators in Self Help Groups (SHGs). They use the technique of mutual counselling to identify areas of strategic interventions.Sexual Violence and Mental Health:Sexual assault, molestation, rape, sexual harassment at workplace, child sexual abuse, nuisance calls cause psychological disturbances among girls and women. The trauma of sexual violence sparks off tension and anxiety at a dangerous level. Their mental health problems are manifested in anxiety, fear, avoidance, guilt, loss of efficiency, lack of coordination, depression, sexual dysfunction, substance abuse, relieving the traumatic incidents through memory, suicidal attempts, eating disorders, disturbed sleep patterns, fear of encountering such situation once again. It is found that "women who undergo extreme sexual violence experience a loss of self and self-esteem following the shock inflicted on them. When there is a continuous period of traumatic stress, it becomes chronic, lessening the individual's ability to do any kind of constructive work." 4 Hence, this forms of male violence towards women is an important issue that demands public attention. Women's organisations have taken up this issue at a local, national and global level.Domestic Violence and Women:Discourse on mental health of women in the family situation gained serious consideration in the context of campaign against violence against women. In domestic violence situations, predicament of women is determined by their position in power-relations vis-a-vis the rest of the family members. Many social work researches which attribute deviant behaviour of adolescent girls to their working mothers guilt trip women by narrowly focussing on single parameter5 and ignoring factors such as peer -pressure, media, overall standards of morality in our society and power relations in the nuclear/ joint family. …


A color tunable light-emitting device (10) is provided which comprises a first light-emitting element (12), a second light-emitting element (16), an active light transformative element (14) disposed between the first light-emitting element (12) and the second light-emitting element (16); and at least one light transmissive element, wherein the first and second light-emitting elements (12, 16) emit light at different wavelengths (18, 20). Active light transformative elements which may be employed are illustrated by electrochromic elements, photochromic elements, and thermochromic elements.


The so-called dilemma confronting "Islam and the West," however justified, is currently the topic of much debate and speculation. This paper examines "Western" conceptions of time, juxtaposing them with their "Islamic" counterparts as elucidated by several contemporary Muslim theologians and scholars. Through a careful analysis of the contemporary dynamics of modernity and the challenges it poses, this paper seeks to develop an understanding of the framework within which many Muslims have encountered Western thought, with particular emphasis on the difficult reconciliation of past and present, and the varied responses that it engenders.


There has been a hot debate on the impact of family planning policies on the high sex ratio at birth in the theoretical circle.From a gender perspective,this paper reinterprets the relation between the family planning policy and high sex ratio at birth based on cleaning up the family planning policy,analyzing regional differences of the family planning policy.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of 2 stages distal gastrectomy and D2 lymph nodes radical dissection on gastric antrum cancer.Methods Clinical data on 78 patients of 2 stages distal gastrectomy and D2 lymph nodes radical dissection on gastric antrum cancer were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were randomly divided into two groups: 2 stages group and traditional group.The comparisons of the mean operative time,the blood loss,number of lymph nodes dissection,mean time of hospital stay,complication and 5 years survival rate were done.Results There were statistically significant differences of the mean operative time and the blood loss,and there were no differences of lymph nodes dissection,complications and the mean time of hospital stay between the two groups.Conclusion Two stages D2 radical dissection with distal subtotal gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer can shorten the operative time,reduce the blood loss,And this method is helpful to improve the radical treatment of dissection.


The Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamics Test (DARHT) facility will employ two 16-MeV, 3-kA Linear Induction Accelerators to produce intense, bremsstrahlung x-ray pulses for flash radiography. Technology demonstration of the key accelerator sub-systems is underway at the DARHT Integrated Test Stand (ITS), which will produce a 6-MeV, 3-kA, 60-ns flattop electron beam. We will summarize measurements of ITS injector, pulsed-power, and accelerator cell performance. Time-resolved measurements of the electron beam parameters will also be presented. These measurements indicate that the DARHT accelerator design is sufficiently advanced to provide the high quality electron beams required for radiography with sub-millimeter spatial resolution.


The first prototypes of superfluid gyroscopes were demonstrated in Saclay in 1996 [1] and in Berkeley in 1997 [2]. These gyroscopes were direct hydrodynamic analogues of electrodynamic rf-SQUIDs, based on superfluid 4He. Analogues of dc-SQUID based on 3He had been worked out in 2001 [3]. The first dc-SQUID on 4He was built in 2005 [4]. Comparing the different technical solutions we are gathering the world experience of superfluid gyro schemes to design own ones.


The floral organs from the male sterile and fertile Nitraria roborowskii Kom.were chosen as the experimental materials,the physiological biochemical characteristics and ultrastructure of anther were observed and researched to explore the period,pattern,and cell ultrastructure changes and relationship between metabolism and male sterility in abortion of the male sterile plants.Results indicate that the tapetal cells appear disintegration early as microsporocyte formed,and then vacuolization and disintegration occur in the microspore mother cell,the abortive anthers form at last.Physiological and biochemical tests results showed that in the same period,the content of soluble protein and proline in the male sterile materials are lower than that in the fertile materials.The content of POD and MDA are higher than that in the fertile materials which are in the same period.The results suggest that the reduction of substance energy metabolism,accumulation of harmful substances are existed in male sterile plants.


(U,Pu)O2 solid solutions are completely soluble in boiling 5 and 10 M nitric acid up to plutonium concentrations of 55 and 65 wt% of PuO2, respectively. The dissolution of the solid solutions decre...


OBJECTIVE
To describe, by computerized morphometry, the degree and the type of steatosis in liver transplants that developed primary nonfunction and to compare the results with the quantification by pathologist.

STUDY DESIGN
Twelve patients who developed primary nonfunction after liver transplantation were matched with 23 transplanted patients with a regular postoperative clinical course. Morphology of the liver biopsy included many stereological parameters; all cases were evaluated by an operator blinded to the diagnosis and to the clinical history. The assessment of steatosis by morphometry was compared with the pathologist's evaluation. Moreover, to assess the reproducibility of the morphometric model, another operator applied the morphometric model in a blinded fashion to a randomly selected sample of cases.

RESULTS
The percentage of hepatocytes with microsteatosis and the ratio of macro/microsteatosis were higher in primary nonfunction. The pathologist's evaluation of steatosis showed a marked overestimation when compared to morphometry. Lastly, the comparison between the results of 2 blinded operators of morphometric analysis showed a high reproducibility with a low interobserver variability.

CONCLUSION
Our quantitative estimation of the degree and the quality of steatosis avoids interobserver interpretations. Moreover, our analysis shows that the quantification of steatosis in liver transplantation by the current assessment must be reviewed in order to reevaluate the real impact of steatosis.


The article sums up the relative factors of vibration training in China and abroad so as to compare the similarities and differences.It was shown that even though a variety of researches had been done in the related area,it was hard to reach the same experiment plans and results.A more scientific training system was in need.


With the entry into force of the Amsterdam Treaty a new Title N has been inserted in the Treaty establishing the European Community (EC). 1 Among other things, this new Title explicitly confers powers on the Community in the area of the conflicts of law. According to Article 61(c) EC the Council shall adopt, in order to establish progressively an area of freedom, security and justice, measures in the field of judicial cooperation in civil matters as provided for in Article 65 EC. Article 65 EC provides (in relevant part):


The article presents a dramatherapy intervention with homeless clients. It introduces the concept of 'the necessary theatre' as a theatrical frame to encapsulate the healing potential of drama and arts practice. The term, first introduced by Peter Brook, refers to the 'blessed moments' of shared artistic experience by actors and witnesses in attuned presence and level of energetic presence. During the dramatherapy work with the homeless clients it became clear that the aim of the intervention was to contribute to creating conditions for such moments to occur and happen as events. The article argues that the case study with this 'vulnerable' client group created useful knowledge and innovative practice concerning epistemological dilemmas for arts practice as therapy. The case study reinforced the tradition of arts therapy that insists on working from within the artistic media, such as the Jungian Sesame approach to drama and movement therapy that acknowledges each individual's healthy and creative drive for self-regulation and agency.


We document multiple new records for the deep-water clingfish species Gymnoscyphus ascitu s Bohlke and Robins 1970, known previously from only nine specimens collected at the type locality along the Atlantic coast of the Lesser Antillean island of St. Vincent. Five additional specimens, four from the Caribbean Sea (Mexico, Cozumel) and one from the Atlantic (north coast of Cuba), are reported.


A sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and a porpoise (Tursiops truncatus) were trained to report the presence of a pure tone under water in yes–no psychophysical procedures. Signal probability was held constant at 0.50. For the sea lion signal strength and payoff matrix were varied concurrently while only payoff matrix was varied for the porpoise. Payoff matrix was manipulated by changing the amount of reinforcement (number of fish) consequent on the two different classes of correct responses—hits and correct rejections. In terms of the ratio of hits to correct rejections the matrix was varied over three values—1:1, 4:1, and 1:4. In the sea lion signal detection improved as signal intensity increased and was independent of the sea lion's response bias. In the porpoise changes in response bias occurrred as a function of changes in the payoff matrix. Both the sea lion and the porpoise repeatedly demonstrated rapid acquisition of a stable response bias. These experiments demonstrate that varying the payoff mat...


Design and engineering of crystalline advanced photocatalysts with specific facets is one of the most challenging tasks to enhance the photocatalytic performance. The surface energy of different facets is different in a crystal which leads to a corresponding change in their photocatalytic behaviour. The present study provides an experimental as well as theoretical understanding of the role of different facets of NaNbO3 in cubic and orthorhombic phases with crystals showing cubic and cuboctahedron morphologies in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of NaNbO3/CdS core/shell heterostructures. Herein, we discuss the importance of the approach of facet-selective synthesis and trace the origin of enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and photocatalytic dye degradation activity for calculated surface energies of the {100} family of facets of the cubic phase and the (110) and (114) facets of the orthorhombic phase of NaNbO3. We propose that different mechanisms contribute to the enhancement of catalytic activity in these two phases. In the prepared core/shell heterostructures containing NaNbO3 as the core material, the presence of highly reactive facets of the cubic phase contributes to higher photocatalytic activity as compared to the orthorhombic phase which has a spatial charge separation assisted inter-facet charge transfer mechanism.


Biology is a hot area of research in these days. One of the hottest issues is about the structure of bio-molecules which has been known one of the most important factors related to the functions of the protein. Hence, the global and local descriptors of the spatial structure are often needed. In this paper, we provide a measure for the sphericity of a protein. The measure is based on a recent concept of the β-complex.


Trajectory optimization of a generic launch vehicle is considered in this paper. The trajectory from launch point to terminal injection point is divided in to two segments. The first segment deals with launcher clearance and vertical raise of the vehicle. During this phase, a nonlinear feedback guidance loop is incorporated to assure vertical raise in presence of thrust misalignment, centre of gravity offset, wind disturbance etc. and possibly to clear obstacles as well. The second segment deals with the trajectory optimization, where the objective is to ensure desired terminal conditions as well as minimum control effort and minimum structural loading in the high dynamic pressure region. The usefulness of this dynamic optimization problem formulation is demonstrated by solving it using the classical Gradient method. Numerical results for both the segments are presented, which clearly brings out the potential advantages of the proposed approach.


The observed trend in interstellar polarization with extinction at 2.2 μm can be well modeled by assuming that interstellar polarization is independent of magnetic field strength and depends only on the geometry of the field. Two models, one invoking Alfven waves with random phase and one combining ad hoc random and constant components, are developed. The wave model best fits the data when there is equipartition between the magnetic and turbulent energy densities in the ISM. The two-component model best fits the data when there is equal energy in the random and constant components


Over the past decades, some historians have proposed that a "new history of psychology" emerged in symmetrical opposition to the "old." This article presents a critique of this rhetoric. To this purpose, it first evaluates how proponents of the "new history" have misused dichotomies in light of criticisms raised against them. An analysis then follows of the implications thereof for the actual critical historiography and for the history of psychology as a whole. It is argued that this dichotomization presents inconsistencies and produces undesirable implications for both fields. It is also suggested that this rhetoric should be replaced by a more balanced view of dichotomies and an emphasis on critical reflection rather than on simple prescriptions and prohibitions.


Low back pain (LBP) is a common global problem as it is the leading cause of years lived with disability. In the case of LBP, electromyography (EMG) is used for diagnostic purposes and monitoring the functional state of a person. Electromyographic signals (EMGs) are usually analyzed using 2nd-order statistical methods, such as power spectrum, but due to the non-stationarity, nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity of EMGs, these methods cannot provide an adequate analysis. Thus, higher-order statistical methods are useful. This work is devoted to the study of higher-order statistical characteristics of EMGs for LBP persons. Signals from five groups of patients, including vertebral disorders, scoliosis, functional pain, healthy people without complaints, and healthy people with pain complaints were processed.


The joke is one of the forms of expression that springs out of the folk literature, and the importance of studying it appears through the nature and characteristics of the joke. The joke exceeds its purpose for making people laugh, as they reflect the spirit of the group who speaking out and use it in a very nice creative image. It also expresses their views, attitudes, circumstances and the view of the issues and conditions surrounding them. The joke is the mirror that reflects the social, economic and political realities in the community, and translates them in a spontaneous simple language, using oral formula and easy spread among public and private The current research focuses specifically on objective jokes and the political jokes, in particular, which criticize the social positions and political conditions which arouse the people's discontent and anger. In dealing with this topic the research is going to focus on the Egyptian jokes which appear as a result of the revolution of the 25 th January in particular. These jokes are mostly of political in content, although some of them are social. Abstract The cities have become the focus of international interest due to the scientific advancements that have accompanied the shift in world economy from the economy of the Industrial Revolution to knowledge- economy. This is not only due to the topics of research usually cities raise in urban studies, but also due to the interest politicians, investors, and multinational companies show in cities as strategic spots gaining more importance as they become meeting points for international coordination and world economy. The present paper raises a number of questions: Abstract The research analyses the distribution of base stations of mobile phone depending on geographic information systems (GIS). The study deals with the numerical evolution of strenathening stations, their geographical distribution, and the characteristics of the land held by clarifying the characteristics of their owners. It also analyses the satisfaction levels for the installation and operation of these stations, and their implications. Finally, the study deals with the optimal locations for base stations using geographic information systems (GIS), This study reveals many findings, among which: Abstract The rapid socioeconomic changes and associated technological development necessitated using of change detection approach through remote sensing techniques as it assists in monitoring such changes accurately and in regular base. The study in hand is intended to employ this approach in detecting changes in land use pattern in the vicinity of Edku Lake. This includes monitoring of changes of each type of land use/land cover area and its spatial distribution. Furthermore, the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the detected changes in land use pattern will be comprehensively evaluated. The results revealed that the Edku Lake vicinity experienced essential negative and positive changes during the period between 1984 and 2012. For instance, the area of the lake reduced considerably, which affects adversely fishing activities in the lake, low level of income and high unemployment rate among fishermen. This consequently, enforced a large number of fishermen to turn over to other economic activities. Also, it was noted that the establishment of International Coastal Road crossing the northern parts of the lake led to separate the wide area of the lake from El Ma'dia inlet, which links the lake to the Mediterranean Sea and helps in water circulation and mitigating Abstract Coastal areas in the world exposed for Maritime carving and erosion waves, and will increase this sculpture, is also expected climate scientists, high average score warming during the twentieth one century, which would have dumping large parts of the coastal areas, including the Southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, including the North coast of Egypt which falls within High protection status category. After growing problem of erosion of Sea on the northern shores of the Nile Delta in Egypt, the country given special attention to this problem in recent years as one of the major problems that threaten residents of that region and their economic activities; and for that, the country creates the Egyptian General Authority for the Protection of beaches in 1981. After 13 years later, during 2012, many of geomorphological changes are observed and the different methods of protection still facing geomorphological risks those methods. Although serious efforts have been achieved during 1990s, but the current status introduces the evidence of nonexistence of these protection approaches, and the sea hazards still threaten Rosetta city. The present study goals to evaluate the hypothesis نوعبرلأاو Abstract Demographic, social and economic changes have led to a growing demand for educational services. To cope with that, many new schools were established throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in general and the Qassim Province in particular. This paper reviews the distribution of Girls' high schools across Buraidah city and the uneven distribution of these schools in some areas of the city at the expense of other marginalized districts. The paper aims at analyzing the spatial and numerical clustering of schools in all districts of Buraidah city by studying the spatial correlation across districts in the number of high schools compared to the area, population, and the distribution of students, teachers, and classrooms. Abstract The study aims at manifesting the most important factors a affecting the rate of attracting visitors to the Park of family and childhood in Desouk. The study also investigates the visiting seasons, the influence of the park, characteristics of trips, and the problems facing the visitors. The study reveals the following: Abstract Water balance plays an important role in the development of Sinai peninsula. Sinai is located in the north east of Egypt between the longitudinal lines 32º 20 ́ , 35 º 00 ́ to the east and the latitudinal lines 27 º 45 ́ , 31º 30 ́ to the north, and its Area is about 61000 square Km., which constitutes nearly 6.1% of Egypt´s area .The researcher follows (the subjective approach, who also used analysis Approach) (a subjective, as well as an analytical approach). The study depends on data of Meteorological Authority. The method used is the application of a program of the Thornthwaite model (U.S.G.S) on data representing nine climatic stations extending over a period of twenty years (1980-2000) . The article consists of an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion . The sections are about the measures and regions of water balance . The research ends with a Abstract The paper aims to assess the relationship between agricultural land and unplanned urban sprawl in rural areas adjacent to the cities by the application on agricultural land in four agricultural areas within Apis district located southeast of Alexandria Governorate. Apis area was initially developed as a result of reclamation schemes during 1950s. The study relies on the analysis of remote sensing images TM, ETM+ for the years 1984, 1990 and 2005 to monitor urban sprawl using ERDAS IMAGINE 2010. Also, GIS techniques are employed to conduct spatial analysis and map the results. Moreover, the field study is used in determining the conversion of agricultural land into residential purposes in 2013. The results reveals that the area of agricultural land that has been lost due urban encroachment in Apis estimated as much as 1118.3 faddan during the period 1975-2013, representing about 31.9 % of the total area of the Apis district. This consequently means an average annual rate of urban sprawl on agricultural land about 57 fadan/year in 2013. Also, it has been found that Husseinia area is most vulnerable to urban encroachment, which followed by Nasiriya El Sharqia, Gamalia and Alqutlah. This can be attributed to the abstract Air density is the mass or weight per unit volume of the air in the earth's atmosphere . This density drops as altitude is raised, the same happens with air pressure. Air density also changes with the temperature and the level of humidity . Air density is an important value to consider in applications such as aircraft design and todetermine the momentum and theraise of the plane. Low density means a lower percentage of oxygen , which is harmful for patients suffering from heart and respiratory problems . The study aims to determine the following Abstract This research studies the two linguistic tools: Anna and Ayna from a linguistic perspective. Their meaning is close because their morphological structure is close and they share the same origin. The study focuses on a statement regarding their meaning in Arabic dictionaries, language books, and their provisions set by grammarians .The study tries to explain the closeness of the two tools in question by reference to modern comparative studies in Arabic linguistics. The research


A new-style wax-based binder was developed to use for TiH2 powder injection molding,the compatibility between binder components was calculated,and the rheological and debinding properties of the binder were analyzed.The results show that the compatibility between new-style binder components was good for mixing with TiH2 powders,and the loading of TiH2 powders was over 70vol%.Rheological performance of the binder was good and stable,its viscosity and viscosity fluid energy was 0.081 Pa·s and 36.85 kJ·mol-1 under the conditions of 160 ℃ and shear rate of 125 s-1.Compared with ordinary wax-based binder,the debinding ratio of new-style binder increased by 20%-30% during the same time when normal heptane was used for debinding under the same process conditions.Skim billets presented little flaws and good shape-holding.Compared with raw powders,the carbon content after thermal debinding increased by 0.02% only,and oxygen and nitrogen contents reduced.


Since 1997, RIKEN Nishina Center has been constructing the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) and succeeded in beam commissioning of its accelerator complex at the end of 2006. The world's first superconducting ring cyclotron (SRC) is the final booster in the RIBF accelerator complex which is able to accelerate all-element heavy ions to a speed of about 70% of the velocity of light. Assembling of the superconducting sector magnets was completed in August 2005. The superconducting coils were successfully cooled down and excited for tests on many operational aspects: magnetic force, coil protection and quality of magnetic field, showing that they work as designed. After a series of tests the other components were installed and tested under stray fields from the sector magnets. Local magnetic shields were put to the components which could not work under the stray fields. After setups of beam vacuum and radio frequency, beam commissioning started. The first beam was extracted at the end of 2006 and the first uranium beam was extracted in March 2007.


This tutorial sets out the detailed steps which produce the causal solution in integral form of the Maxwell field equation set, the causal solution being the one which vanishes in the absence of the source charge-current density, including during the time prior to that source being switched on. After warming up by obtaining the causal solution in integral form for the static source and field case, the Lorentz-covariant antisymmetric electromagnetic field tensor is defined, and the Maxwell field equation set is converted to its Lorentz-covariant form, whose formal causal solution is obtained in nine lines, but whose Green's function initially is ill-defined, a subtle issue whose ultimate causal resolution prompts a substantial effusion of ink. The integral solution which emerges can be exhibited either as manifestly Lorentz covariant or as very closely related to the static-case solution, except for systematic causal time retardation. Although direct solution for the electromagnetic field tensor is emphasized, the algebraically less involved four-vector intermediary potential approach is outlined in parallel.


That Loeb's hypothesis concerning the production of deciduomata in experimental animals is correct has become increasingly apparent. He concluded following his work upon guinea pigs 1 that this reaction depends upon the continued presence of the hormone of the corpus luteum. Frank 2 showed that this phenomenon can be induced in lactating rats by the stimulation of the uterine endometrium at the proper time following parturition. Long and Evans 3 confirmed and extended his findings. In their work pseudo-pregnant as well as lactating animals were employed. They also introduced a convenient and non-traumatic method of uterine stimulation, viz., the insertion of silk threads through the lumen of the uterus. Evans and Simpson 4 were able to demonstrate the efficacy of both the growth and the maturity hormones of the anterior pituitary in evoking a uterine response. The result depended upon the induction of a pseudo-pregnant condition in the host's ovaries. Parkes 5 employing an alkaline extract of the anterior pituitary showed that the phenomenon could be induced in the mouse. Following this evidence for the rôle played by the corpus luteum in placentoma formation it was but a step to the employment of active extracts of corpora lutea in creating a condition in the uterus whereby the reaction could be called forth. Weichert, 6 using Hisaw's preparation was able to produce deciduomata in spayed and normal animals and Goldstein and Tatelbaum, 7 employing the extract prepared by Allen and Corner, were able to confirm Weichert's results on spayed guinea pigs. It was considered of value to demonstrate the reaction in the rat when evoked by suitable treatment with an active extract of the corpus luteum.


The Physical insulation device designed in this paper,can be used to select two kinds of different nets by manual operation,8051 chip or by the computer,so the net security and the data transport can be guaranteed and protected. The physical insulation device was based on 8051 chip,and can be used by different aspect according to the different needs,and has such characters,extension,systems and flexible and diversified forms,The physical insulation is an important information security technology,its practices are necessity to the information security specialized students,so it has the significant meaning to student training.


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients are at high risk of anal cancer because the majority are concurrently infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the anus [1]. As high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HAIN), precursor of cancer, is caused by HPV infection, early detection and treatment of HAIN is recommended [2]. Despite an early diagnosis of HAIN, conventional endoscopic treatment is often difficult, because of the narrow lumen, poor operability and susceptibility to bleeding during the procedure. Furthermore, when a large bleb arises in the anal canal as a result of submucosal injection, it sometimes makes endoscopic resection more difficult and leads to incomplete resection. Theoretically, the novel technique of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR), which does not require submucosal injection, can overcome these technical difficulties [3]. Herein we report how we applied UEMR for an anal canal lesion. An HIV-positive man in his 60s underwent screening colonoscopy, during which a 10-mm elevated lesion was detected in the anal canal (Fig. 1A). As biopsies showed HAIN, we performed UEMR. After air deflation in the rectum and anus, the lumen was filled with physiological saline and the lesion was adequately visualized. The lesion was easily captured by a polypectomy snare (15 mm, Captivator II; Boston Scientific, USA), and removed en bloc with an electric current (Fig. 1B). The submucosal vessels remained in the wound without bleeding (Fig. 1C) and were coagulated safely (Fig. 1D). Histological examination revealed HAIN with positive staining for P16, a marker of HPV infection (Fig. 2A). There was no recurrence at follow up 4 months later (Fig. 2B). UEMR was effective in treating this anal canal lesion.


Economic development of a country is much more than a simple increase of its total or per capita product or the income of its population. Economic development can be seen as a historical process of structural transformation of colonial or underdeveloped economies into industrial or developed economies. This also involves social cultural and political transformation. The basic modality of economic development of underdeveloped countries at present is by means of industrialization via substitution of imports in the course of successive stages of property of consumption property of production and appropriate technology. The mechanism is through the external market sector (EMS) the internal market sector (IMS) and the subsistence sector (SS). These sectors were created in each country by the worldwide expansion of the capitalist system in the 19th century after the industrial revolution. The size of the internal market depends on the size of the population and on its acquisitive capacity from the level of distribution of income. The rate of integration of the economic system occurs via the elimination of physical and economic barriers to the movement of people and goods. The role of the size of the population and the level of per capita income in relation to the size of internal market of a country is difficult to determine. In Brazil during the period of 1890-1930 the increase of the urban population was attributed to a large extent to European immigration incorporated into IMS while the extra population of the SS occupied new areas in the west of Santa Catarina and southwest of Parana. The excess population of SS generated by reduced mortality also migrated to cities significantly altering land use. The transformation and eventual integration of SS into the IMS was an important result of economic development. Thus population growth is a challenge for development policies rather than population controls.


Contextual plasticity (CP) is a form of plasticity in sound localization induced by context represented by preceding stimulation. It is observed as shifts in responses to a target click stimulus when, on interleaved trials, the target is preceded by an identical distractor coming from a known location. Here, we evaluate a model combining exponential and linear trends to describe the build-up of CP. The results show that CP occurs at least on two temporal scales, depending on the stimulus spatiotemporal distribution.


Assessment of the Behavior Problem From Normal to Maladaptive: Our Propensity to Type and Categorize Behavior The Young, the Middle-Aged, and the Seeking Authoritarian and "Do It My Way" Needing Reassurance, Support, and Agreement Prima Donna Complainers and Critics Rebels, Fighters, and Activists That's Not My Job, So I'll Pass the Buck and Work Less Overly Affiliative and Optimistic It's a Lousy Job, Underpaid, But I Need Work The Territorialist Dickey Birds and Pussycats Mudslingers, Backstabbers, and Benign Saboteurs Compulsive, Rigid, and Entrenched In Search of Pygmalion The Socially Insensitive and Other Behaviors Considerations in the Management of Problem Employee Behaviors Index


Subtitle: The pilot of an EC 130B4 was killed in a collision with another helicopter during a nighttime approach to a busy heliport.


We prove a version of the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem for fppf cohomology with coefficients in any finite flat commutative group scheme over the ground field. As consequences, we establish new Lefschetz results for the Picard scheme. We then use Godeaux-Serre varieties to give a number of examples of pathological behavior of families in positive characteristic.


Objectives:  Partial nephrectomy is effective for preserving renal function, but temporary clamping of the renal artery for hemorrhagic control may impair renal function due to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Anatrophic partial nephrectomy (APNx) has been proposed to minimize renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by clamping only the feeding artery. We aimed to evaluate whether anatrophic partial nephrectomy (APNx) is useful in preserving renal function and to assess variations in renal artery anatomy to determine the feasibility of selective segmental artery clamping.


Abstract In this paper, we deal with multiple solutions of fractional differential equations with p-Laplacian operator and nonlinear boundary conditions. By applying the Amann theorem and the method of upper and lower solutions, we obtain some new results on the multiple solutions. An example is given to illustrate our results.


T HE term "micromerism" was coined by Delage, who has given us, in his voluminous treatise on L'Heredite et les Grands Problemes de Biologie Gjne'rale, the most complete exposition and criticism of the various theories on this topic that occurs in biological literature. The remarkable success of atomic theory in leading to a scientific understanding of the phenomena of physics and chemistry has led to many analogous modes of explanation in the biological sciences. To this end biologists have furnished themselves with a lot of units of their own which they have conceived in various ways to fit them for the offices they were invented to perform. Micromerism thus represents a special form of atomism applied to the organic world. The properties ascribed to the ultimate vital particles have inevitably been influenced by the progress of chemistry; they have also been modified by the increasing knowledge of the finer details of cell structure made possible by improvements of the microscope; but discoveries in other fields, especially genetics, have contributed even more to the same end. The conception of micromerism may be traced back to the early Greek atomists. According to Heraclitus and Democritus, the generative products contain materials drawn from the parts of the body to form corresponding parts of the offspring. Later, a remarkably clear expression of this view was given by Hippocrates who applied it, much as Darwin did many centuries later in his theory of pangenesis, to explain how acquired characters might be transmitted to following generations. Speaking of the custom of the tribe of Macrocephali of molding the heads of their infants to make them long headed, a practice which he claims will in time cause them to be long headed without any manipulation, he remarks that


Light consists of particles. The current of electrons increases with the increase of its frequency. In the same way it does for the current of light. But the current of light does not increase with the increase of the intensity (the "force" of the light). This phenomenon leads Einstein to the concept of photons with minimal quantum energy. But photons have no mass; nevertheless it holds the Einstein equation 2 c m E   . In addition the light is an electro-magnetic wave in the sense of Maxwell equations.


The properties of the fluorescence Fe Kα emission lines of a sample of 38 quasars (QSOs) observed with XMM–Newton are studied. These objects are included in the optically selected sample from the Palomar–Green (PG) Bright Quasar Survey with an X–ray luminosity 1.3 × 10 43 <L 2−10 keV < 5.1 × 10 45 erg s −1 and z≤1.72. For each object in the sample, we investigated the presence of both narrow and broad iron lines in detail. A total of 20 out of the 38 QSOs show evidence of an Fe Kα emission line with a narrow profile. The majority of the lines are consistent with an origin in low ionization material, which is likely to be located in the outer parts of the accretion disk, the molecular torus, and/or the Broad Line Region. The average properties of the narrow Fe Kα emission line observed in the sample are similar to those of Seyfert type galaxies as inferred from recent XMM–Newton and Chandra studies. A broad line has been significantly detected in only three objects. Furthermore, we studied the relationship between the equivalent width (EW) of the iron line and the hard band X–ray luminosity for radio quiet quasars. The analysis indicates that no clear correlation between the strength of the line and the hard X–ray luminosity is present, and our results do not show compelling evidence for an anticorrelation between these two quantities, i.e. the so-called X–ray Baldwin effect.


In this investigation the milking performance of double purpose breeds (Austrian Simmental and Brown Swiss Cows) was compared between an automatic milking and a parlour milking system. Both systems resulted in similar milk yield and feed intake after correction for lactation number. Feed intake of cows also show no differences between parlour and robot system. A higher selection rate occured in the robot system due to udder conformation and character of cows. Costs of investment were higher with AMS compared to the parlour, the robot system owned a potential to save about 60% of milking related labour time.


Systems, apparatuses, and methods for providing a negative-pressure therapy system are described. The system includes a first dressing, a second dressing, and a negative-pressure source. The negative-pressure source includes a first pump and a second pump. A first valve is fluidly coupled to the first dressing and the first pump to selectively permit fluid communication to the first dressing. A second valve is fluidly coupled to the second dressing and the second pump to selectively permit fluid communication to the second dressing. A cross-over valve is fluidly coupled to the first pump, the first valve, the second pump, and the second valve. The cross-over valve permits fluid communication between the first pump and the second valve and/or the second pump and the first valve. A controller is communicatively coupled to the first pump, the second pump, the first valve, the second valve, and the cross-over valve for operating the same.


The paper raises issues about the use of history and the effects of increased pressure on the historic environments.Urban and collecting memory of the city of Dubrovnik is at risk. It is the everyday living practices i.e.intangible heritage of the city that makes of our living context a memory world and that should be preserved in situ.


It has been generally recognized that the independence of political power from religious power, within Western experience, marks the definitive transition to the modern State but does not interrupt the relationship between law and religion. The widespread presence of religion within the social context, its importance for the achievement and maintenance of political integration and legitimization, and the recent transition from religious freedom to cultural freedom make the political and legal approach to religious questions quite problematic, though decisive for better satisfaction of the needs of the multicultural and multireligious society. At the same time, one of the most important themes in the of debate is just represented by limitation of the "public" role of religions and definition of their exact collocation in the "public arena" or, in other words, by the antagonism between secularism and religion and, especially, by the goal of a (re)secularization of the State and politics and the consequent (re)affirmation of the basic principles of legal system, firstly laity. Recently, the acknowledgment of the social relevance of religious interests as well as the need for a promotional protection of


The Covid-19 outbreak has deeply affected the entire world population, and therefore education. Education includes activities designed for the learner to acquire higher competence, knowledge and experience, based on the difference between the competence level of the student in the current situation and the competencies required to show the expected performance. The Covid-19 pandemic has seriously damaged formal education. Although methods such as online learning (e-learning), simulation and distance learning are frequently used, sufficient efficiency has not been achieved. The pandemic process has revealed the advantages of face-to-face education; significant decreases were observed in the learning level of students. There is a need to develop new methods that will increase the efficiency of distance education. Motivation of trainers is also an important issue. Education away from school has reduced teacher and student motivation. As a result, there is a new reality of education after the pandemic. The education management unit needs to examine the Covid-19 pandemic process very well and closely follow the changes and developments in education life and better design the effectiveness of schools in new pandemics.


Coronary illness is responsible for deaths in all age groups and is common among males and females. An excellent answer for this issue is to have the option to predict what a patient's health status will in future so the specialists can begin treatment much sooner which will yield better outcomes. Data mining plays most significant role in area of investigation by means of the objective to finding essential data from massive amount of information. Currently, data mining strategies and tools are utilized by researchers in the field of healthcare, especially for prediction of sickness. Data mining methodology affords improvement approach to interchange huge data into beneficial information for attaining selection. In utilising data mining patterns they desires considerably fewer amount of funding intended for the forecasting the ailment alongside better accurate and precision. Moreover, analysis of study paper depicts the estimation of coronary illness in clinical field by utilizing data mining. Various popular data mining algorithm on the dataset of 13 attributes is applied to forecast the coronary ailment at initial stage. The dataset is collected from UCI machine learning repository and analysed with various parameters like Accuracy, Recall, Precision, F-measure, ROC area and Kappa statistics. Experimental results show that the Naïve bayes algorithm is always becomes the best-performing data mining method which accomplishes an accuracy of 86.716% in coronary illness prediction.


It is possible to subdivide the Carse clay deposits above the Bothkennar gravel into bedded, laminated, mottled and weathered facies. The first is composed of silty clays which retain original sedi...


The use of prior knowledge is important for effective phase retrieval in biological imaging using coherent light. We design a new algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), where physical constraints in the imaging system are used as prior knowledge. Experimental results where we apply the method on a masked coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) system show the efficiency of our algorithm.


Disclosed is a wheel type chassis travelling device with H-shaped support legs and a bulldozer of an engineering machinery as shown in a figure 1. The wheel type chassis travelling device is composed of parts including a frame, a motor, a gearbox, a universal transmission, driving axles, the H-shaped support legs, the bulldozer and wheels. The position connection relation of the parts includes that the frame is disposed on the driving axles through bolts, the gearbox is connected with the bottom surface of the frame through bolts, the gearbox and the driving axles are connected through the universal transmission device, the driving axles are provided with hydraulic steering devices connected with the wheels to control running directions of the wheels, the H-shaped support legs are fixed at two ends of the frame, and the bulldozer and the frame are connected through a pin shaft. By the aid of the H-shaped support legs and the bulldozer, and obstacle crossing ability, passing performance and operation stability of a vehicle are improved.


This study discusses the impact of organizational experience while in college on career development and leadership spirit among students. Qualitative study by taking 84 students as respondents at the Bekasi Muhammadiyah Business Institute campus in the period February 2021. This study uses a questionnaire as the main tool in collecting opinions. The results of this study are, students who actively participate in student organization activities or when they are in the same school as OSIS, have a greater chance of being accepted for work, and have a wider perception of positive leadership styles


The failure behavior of resin cable joints in the medium voltage underground network in the Netherlands shows a correlation with the ambient temperature of the air above the ground. This behavior is especially seen when the failures occurred during the summer months are considered. In the last years the months July or August were very hot and the number of failures increased significantly in these months. The ambient temperature has an influence on the soil temperature through the year even 0.5 -1 meter below surface level where most cables are installed. It can also be seen that the failures follow the rise and fall of the average air temperature during the different days of the month with increasing and decreasing number of failures with some time delay. The change of the soil temperature around the joint results in a higher temperature within the joint, thus contributing to the failure of a joint, which is already in its ageing stage. The presence of a hotspot in combination with a rise of the soil temperature can result into breakdown. In this paper the failure behavior of resin cable joints and the possible effect of ambient temperature are discussed.


In all Central and East European Countries (CEEC) the first phase of transformation comprised the dissolution and fragmentation of the socialist S&T system through top-down and bottom-up processes, and was linked to S&T personnel being cutback to approximately 20 to 50% of the former peak level. Subsequent to this the restructuring of S&T performing institutions and their 'environments' in politics and economy commenced. In this second phase the progress made by the CEEC in their institutional transformation has varied: A group of advanced countries (I) consists of Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia and Slovenia. With the restructuring of S&T organisations and activities they have substantially completed the second phase of transformation. They are now faced with the task of creating a modern S&T system by interlinking the newly formed actors in science, the economy and politics (Phase 3). Countries of the Group II have introduced institutional changes through new bodies, laws, competitive R&D funding, etc. but have not yet fully implemented them in practice due to instability in the economy. A third group of countries has established a stable framework for S&T neither in the economy (continuing decline in GDP) nor in politics. Typical problems faced by all countries undergoing transformation are the disproportions between 'academic' science and weak industrial R&D, the increase in the percentage of older scientists, in particular in the natural sciences and technical disciplines, and the underdeveloped infrastructure in S&T. This situation leads to differences in the future of S&T systems as well as in the main focus of S&T policy in the individual CEEC, which ranges from continual restructuring to international integration.


Using single-molecule confocal imaging techniques combined with time-correlated single-photon counting we investigated the electron transfer (ET) rates to the single-walled carbon nanotubes from various types of semiconductor hetero-nanocrystals of type-I or type-II band alignment. We observed significantly larger ET rate for type-II ZnSe/CdS dot-in-rod nanostructures as compared to type-I spherical CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum-dots, and to CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod structures. We demonstrated that such rapid ET dynamics can compete with both Auger and radiative recombination processes, leading to potentially more effective photovoltaic operation. In another work, we used aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes as saturable absorbers for ps laser pulse generation. Using the vertical evaporation technique we fabricated saturable absorbers by transferring the water-soluble single wall carbon nanotubes onto a hydrophilic quartz substrate. The fast recovery times of the absorber were measured to be 136 fs and 790 fs. The modulation depth of the absorber was about 1.5%. Passive mode-locked Nd: GdVO4 laser using such an absorber was demonstrated. The continuous wave mode-locked pulses with the pulse duration of 12.4 ps and the repetition of 120 MHz were achieved. The maximum average output power of the mode-locked laser is 2.4 W at the pump power of 13 W. Such a kind of absorbers has potential to be put into practical use.


Objective: To demonstrate the role of turmeric extract administration in increasing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Method: A model of repetitive traumatic brain injury was used on Sprague Dawley mouse, using a 40-gr weight dropped onto the vertex from 1-m height with total frequency of twelve times, divided into four days; three traumas every day. A 500 mg/kg turmeric extract was administered per oral daily. BDNF expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry examination. As a comparison, there were also negative sham control group and trauma only group. Result: There was no significant difference in BDNF expression between the negative sham control group and trauma only group. Instead, there was a significant increase in BDNF expression in the group with turmeric extract administration. Conclusion: Turmeric extract administration increased BDNF expression following repetitive traumatic brain injury.


The biological aerated filter(BAF) and biological contacted aeration were employed to study industry park wastewater treatment at Shenzhen.The data of organic material and nutrient at inlet and outlet were analyzed.The removal rate of BOD_5,COD_(Cr) and SS were all over 80%.The process of BAF is better then biological contacted aeration.Furthermore,the value of MLSS and micro-animal in reactors validate this conclusion.In experiment,the MLSS value of BAF is 1 time higher than biological contacted aeration,and the number of micro-animals of BAF is higher 1~2 exponential compared with biological contacted aeration.


The forming of"new ideology"got in touch with the push of literary creation of this period densely and integrally in the 1990's.We can find,when we take into consideration and excavate personage's image and subject matter intension of Chi Li's novels in the 1990's,that Chi Li's no- vels in this period make,keep and transmit this"new ideology"strongly.


In this paper, second order slope rotatable design (SOSRD) under tri-diagonal correlated structure of errors using balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) is suggested by following the works of Das (2003a, 2003b). Further, the variance of the estimated slopes for different values of the tri-diagonal correlated coefficient  ( 0.9  to 0.9) for " v factors 3 to 8" using BIBD is studied and observed that for some factors SOSRD under correlated structure of errors using BIBD has less number of design points than the corresponding SOSRD under tri-diagonal correlated structure of errors using central composite designs (CCD). ______________________________


Nova Southeastern University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award associate's, baccalaureate, master's, educational specialist, doctorate, and professional degrees. Contact the Commission on Colleges at 1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, Georgia 30033-4097 or call 404-679-4500 for questions about the accreditation of Nova Southeastern University.


Federation. It addresses issues of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the process of import substitution and the formation of the cor-responding statistical base. Methods of quantitative and qualitative assessment of import substitution have been developed and their approbation has been carried out using some types of investment equipment as an example. The consistency of import substitution esti-mates obtained by quantitative and qualitative assessment methods confirms the effective-ness of their use in predictive-analytical studies.


edical cost containment is not merely a method of medical reform, but the most salient domestic policy issue shaping the M goals and priorities for future health policies and actions. It will affect geriatric health care for generations to come. The challenge of cost containment for geriatric health care must be examined in terms of a ) the ideological content of cost-containment policies; b) the consequences of cost containment, particularly the resulting burden of sacrifices; and c) the alternatives to a narrow cost-containment strategy. Health care cost containment is shrouded in talk about a crisis of national importancethe need to control and reduce federal deficit. This perception of "crisis" is worth examining because a related and womsome perception is that the nation's economic problems are somehow caused by the elderly population. Recent attempts to blame the elderly for the problems of the economy, for the federal budget deficit, and even for the rapid and continuing rise in medical care costs represent a serious threat to a viable health policy for the elderly. Economic policy debates including the federal budget deficit, the extensive tax cuts of 1981, and the trade deficit-reflect a larger set of power struggles among contending forces in the broad American body politic. Competing perceptions of societal problems and their origin are important in the way they frame the debate and the way they ultimately specify, expand, or limit the policy options considered. There are two serious consequences of current perceptions of the nation's economic and medical cost


Was it daring of English Heritage to convene a seminar on the Cold War, barely a decade since it ended and with air bases on fresh alert? To release its report on Cold War monuments, the meeting was held, under the chairmanship of John Schofield, at the Public Record Office, in London, in December 2001, as one of English Heritage's series of presentations on its Monuments Protection Programme. Some 40 staff attended with another 40 from Local Authorities and other UK organizations concerned with managing archaeological resources. Discussion ranged from world history to archaeological technique and horn Vulcan bombers to the chilling sublime. Slimming up five years of research (Schofield 1998; English Heritage 2000; and cf Dobinson etal. 1997), the report describes, explains and appraises the conditions of 31 types of site, ranging kom airfields, missile bases and radars to emergency Kegional Seats ofGovenment and depots. Navalremains are yet to be fully assessed. Cold War monuments (Cocroft 2001) is available from English Heritage by appointment or in County Sites & Monuments Records. It can now be compared with the research on bunkers in the UK and North america by McCamley (2002). The sites locked up, in all, a vast acreage. Yet they are vanishing already. With a view to both historical and archaeological significance and the requirements and feasibility of management, English Heritage is now assessing samples for statutory protection. The 'Aztec Temple' at Acomb, York, former group headquarters of the Royal Observer Corps, is one of the first sites to have been Scheduled as a Monument. In fact, some of the Corps' posts are Scheduled already by virtue of occupying prehistoric barrows! About 140 other sites are under consideration for the same status, and 40 buildings for protection by Listing, while certain plantings at bases may be put forward for inclusion in the Register of Historic Parks &Gardens. At the same time, as David Miles, English Heritage's Chief Archaeologist, explained at the meeting, there is a 'peace dividend: with new access above bases long out of bounds, aerial photographers are spotting sites of various other periods too. Reports from Wayne Cocroft, Koger Thomas and Jeremy Lake showed that two characteristics of Cold War archaeology in England are the size of some of the sites and very diverse durability of remains. Among the smallest were the Observer posts, the commonest type of structure; but the base at Greenham Common covered 364 ha, including a runway more than 3 km long. Tallest is none other than London's Post Ofice Tower, its 'shape. . . resistant to blast effects' (Cocroft 2001: :Whnmsmast p. 6). The most durable sites must be those hardened against direct attackduringthe 1970s, although it is not known how well the concrete of tlie miglity bunker and 'burster cap' at Alconbury will wcather. On the other hand, the temporary buildings for Bloodhound missiles or the emplacements for big raised radars have left no morc than 'footprints'. Parts of the base at Greenham Common show now as mere crop marks. One of the most famous sights was Fylingdales but, even had it been granted statutory protection, pecking birds showed how kagile were the great radars' 'golfbdl' skins. Secrecy was characteristic too. Isolated on Orford Ness were weirdlooking laboratories; while, at Kelvedon Hatch, Essex, a mild bungalow concealed a defence control centre, and the ugly 'church' near by tiirned out to he a generator! Some of the sites yield to industrial archaeology. The 'production process' can he revealed for the nuclear weapon store at Barnham, S~lffolk, and fixed sites of Bloodhounds show a stratigraphy of development. Yet to be identified, however, are the traces of assembly sheds forthe first atombombs (see Cocrofi 2001: 7Nuclstores pp. 4,6,4&~0odhoundMark~ p. 6; cf Cocroft 2000.) Many of the sites were military before the Cold War. Greenham Common was a base hom 1941, Priddy's Hard, Gosport, a depot of the 18th and 19th centuries. Of course, some bases such as the immense complex at Lakenheath & Mildenhall are still in use and, therefore, remain inaccessible; but it is one measure of the Cold War's impact that 80% of the sites recorded are now outside the Defence Ministry's estate. More peaceable sites were studied too. The build-


This paper examines some of the factors governing the choice of first programming language for first year University courses in Computing, the rationale behind our University's choice of Java, the ramifications of this choice and experience gained from a pilot trial use of Java in a second year object-oriented specialism.


We study the effect of tidal interaction between two compact bodies in an eccentric orbit. We assume the tidal fields to be static. Therefore, we ignore the dynamic tides and resonant excitations. Using the results, we find the analytical expression for the phase shift of the emitted gravitational wave. In the process, we find that in the leading order, the initial eccentricity $e_0$ and the dimensionless tidal deformability $\Lambda$ couple as $\sim e_0^n\Lambda$, where $n$ is a positive number. We only focus on the dominant contribution, i.e., $e_0^2\Lambda$. We also compute the accumulated dephasing for binary neutron star systems. We find that for optimistic values of eccentricities $e_0 \sim .05$ and $\Lambda \sim 600$, the accumulated dephasing is $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$ radian, requiring a signal-to-noise ratio $\sim 7000$ to be observable. Therefore, these effects can be measured in binary neutron star systems with large eccentricities if the signal-to-noise ratios of the systems are also very large. Hence, in third-generation detectors, it may have an observable impact if the systems have large eccentricities. We also explore the impact of this effect on extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs). We find that even for supermassive bodies with small values of $\Lambda \sim 10^{-3}$, this effect has large dephasing in EMRIs $\sim \mathcal{O}(10)$ radian. Therefore, this effect will help in probing the nature of the supermassive bodies in an EMRI.


Hajizadeh G, Kavosi MR, Jalilvand H. 2013. Evolution of oviposition behavior in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in Hyrcanian forests, North of Iran. Biodiversitas 14: 101-105. Oviposition behavior has been introduced at the center of many of the major debates on the ecology and evolution of interactions between insects and plants. The objective of this research was to determine the number of egg masses gypsy moth in relation to diameter at breast height (dbh), egg placement, orientation and host tree species. Sampling was carried out in Daland national park, Gorgan province. By global position system (GPS) device using polygons with width of 20 m and determined azimuth, defoliated trees were recorded. Data and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range tests. Results showed that the diameter at breast height was not significantly affected by the number of egg masses. The effect of oviposition place on number of egg masses gypsy moth were significant (P<0.01). The highest number of egg masses (2.148 egg masses/tree) was observed at trunk of defoliated trees; also, minimum (1.65 egg masses/tree) occurred in branches of defoliated trees. The effects of oviposition orient were significant (P<0.05). The means comparison showed that the maximum rates of egg masses was occurred in the south geographical position (2.04 egg masses/tree), the least of defoliation was related to the north direction (1.57 egg masses/tree). The primary host tree species was Persian iron wood (Parrotia persica). In finally, the selectivity of oviposition females may often provide the initial basis for divergence of insect populations on to different plant species, and it may drive the evolution of some plant defenses.


For next generation of miniaturized personal electronics and pulsed power systems for smart power grids, electric vehicles, and electromagnetic launchers, flexible capacitors from dielectric polymers with high-capacity, high-efficiency, and fast response are highly desirable. Dielectric polymer composite of P(VDF-CTFE), that is poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) and a small amount of aromatic polythiourea (PTU) has been described. It combines the merits of both polymers, that is high dipole density and easy processability of P(VDF-CTFE), as well as large dipole moment and high charge–discharge efficiency of PTU. Most impressively, PTU boosts the maximum breakdown strength of P(VDF-CTFE), and thus extracts its maximum energy reserve capacity. PTU also contributes to the promoted charge–discharge efficiency, accelerated discharge, and reduced dielectric loss in P(VDF-CTFE), which facilitate the composite for flexible capacitor applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 193–199