Prior literature has documented that investor attention and constraints on that attention are associated with the pricing of stocks. We introduce the concept of attention comovement, which is the extent to which investor attention for a firm is explained by attention paid to the firm's industry and the market in general. We find that attention comovement is non-trivial for the average firm and is related to firm characteristics, such as size and visibility. We also find that the comovement of investor attention has market consequences, in that it is positively associated with excess stock return comovement. Finally, we show that a firm's earnings announcement contributes to the transfer of attention from one firm to its peer firms. Our results provide insights about the information flows underlying return comovement and aid in understanding the micro- and macro-nature of investor attention.


Article history: Received February 9, 2015 Received in revised format: May 12, 2015 Accepted June 12, 2015 Available online June 15 2015 This paper presents an alternate technique based on fuzzy goal programming (FGP) approach to solve multi-objective programming problem with fuzzy relational equations (FREs) as constraints. The proposed technique is more efficient and requires less computational work than that of algorithm suggested by Jain and Lachhwani (2009) [Jain, & Lachhwani (2009). Multiobjective programming problem with fuzzy relational equations. International Journal of Operations Research, 6(2), 55−63.]. In FGP formulation, objectives are transformed into the fuzzy goals using maximum and minimal solutions elements of FREs feasible solution set. A pseudo code computer algorithm is developed for computation of maximum solution of FREs. Suitable linear membership function is defined for each objective function. Then achievement of the highest membership value of each of the fuzzy goals is formulated by minimizing the sum of negative deviational variables. The aim of this paper is to present a simple and efficient solution procedure to obtain compromise optimal solution of multiobjective optimization problem with FREs as constraints. A comparative analysis is also carried out between two methodologies based on numerical examples. All rights reserved. Growing Science Ltd. 5 © 201


Normally, SMEs have internal shortages of information, capital and management experience, and, in foreign markets, limitations related to their difficulty of adjustment to different environmental conditions; the bigger the difference, in cultural, linguistic and social terms, of the country where the company plans to enter, the bigger the difficulties faced by companies' management, owing to scarce resources. These limitations justify SMEs' having more difficulty in bearing the cost of internationalisation than large companies. China is a very attractive market, with a huge potential economic growth in the liberalisation phase, but very distant from Portugal in geographic and cultural terms. Information and knowledge are critical factors for the expansion in China, for diminishing that distance and for helping companies in adopting market-oriented strategies and getting a competitive advantage positioning.


This issue of Birth Defects Research Part C: Reviews – EMBRYO TODAY, "Prenatal Substance Use and Developmental Disorders", features contemporary reviews of the health challenges to the conceptus resulting from prenatal substance use, including methamphetamine, cocaine, alcohol, and smoking, and associated long-term developmental disorders. This topical issue complements the WileyBlackwell Symposium, "Neurodevelopmental Deficits from Fetal Exposure to Methamphetamine, Cocaine, and Alcohol: Emerging Mechanisms and Human Consequences", jointly hosted by the Teratology Society and the Developmental Neurotoxicology Society and held at the 2016 Teratology Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas. Substance use or abuse represents an increasingly significant health concern worldwide. The 2014 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2015) reported that over 27 million individuals aged 12 and older used an illicit drug in the preceding 30 days. Among females, 7.4% of those over age of 12 and 5.3% of pregnant women 15 to 44 years of age reported current illicit drug use. Substance use among women of reproductive age is particularly concerning, as it is well documented that children of drug abusing parents are at an increased risk for Child Protective Services involvement, child abuse, and neglect, and there is a higher likelihood of caregiver depression and other co-occurring mental health disorders. In addition to drugs such as methamphetamine and cocaine, alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy represent additional challenges to developmental health of the fetus. In their manuscript entitled "Fetal Oxidative Stress Mechanisms of Neurodevelopmental Deficits and Exacerbation by Ethanol and Methamphetamine", Wells et al. reviewed research findings that support oxidative stress as a principal mechanism of the effects of methamphetamine and ethanol on developmental and brain functions, specifically the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in altered signal transduction, and/or oxidative damages to cellular macromolecules, including lipids/proteins and DNA, the latter leading to altered gene expression, likely via non-mutagenic mechanisms. Free radicals such as ROS are highly reactive and short-lived, and antioxidative enzymes and DNA repair proteins normally serve as the body's protective agents. Understanding the balance between oxidative and anti-oxidative mechanisms and the role of repair enzyme is critical to the development of future treatments. In "Mechanisms Involved in the Neurotoxic and Cognitive Effects of Developmental Methamphetamine Exposure", Vorhees and colleagues pointed out that 42% of pregnant women using methamphetamine continue to use throughout gestation, with the third trimester as the most susceptible period for the developing brain to prenatal exposure, resulting in a variety of higher-order cognitive deficits, such as decreased attention and working, and spatial memory impairments in exposed children. The authors reviewed studies on the impact of neonatal methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity on behavioral outcomes, neurotransmission, receptor changes, plasticity proteins, and DNA damage. In the paper by Smith et al., entitled "Prenatal Exposure: The effects of Prenatal Cocaine and Methamphetamine Exposure on the Developing Child", the authors reviewed the health outcomes at birth, growth, behavioral, and intellectual outcomes for children exposed to prenatal cocaine and prenatal methamphetamine. At present, there is no consistent syndrome associated with prenatal stimulant exposure, and no known withdrawal syndrome requiring pharmacologic intervention. Prenatal cocaine and methamphetamine exposure are also associated with subtle adverse growth and behavioral findings in childhood and adolescence. Some of these findings manifest in a dose-response manner and are mitigated by more responsive home environments. The authors suggest the importance of providing rapid, comprehensive drug counseling services to women actively using drugs during pregnancy, in order to optimize the long-term neurodevelopment of the exposed child. Prenatal cocaine exposure is further addressed by Stanwood and colleagues in their paper, entitled "Cocaine-Induced Neurodevelopmental Deficits and Underlying Mechanisms". Because cocaine easily crosses the placenta, its effects on the developing nervous system, before homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are properly calibrated, often differ from those on mature systems. The authors reviewed Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219


In this study,under the assumption that the two huge leveling deformation anomalies at Linfen seismic station were caused by the Luoyunshan fault( Tumen-Yuli section)movement, we computed the vertical deformation field distribution based on the rectangular fault dislocation model and measured the ground deformation field of the study area using D-InS AR technology. The results are as follows:( 1) Theoretically,the ground vertical deformation field caused by fault movement could be within the elliptical deformation area with the long axis parallel to the fault strike. The largest deformation region is located in the center of the area in the hanging wall of the fault,and the deformation gradually decreases to zero toward the periphery; the impact range induced by the two deformations is respectively as follows: The long axes are about 18 km and26km,the short axes are about 12 km and 17 km and the obvious deformation amplitude is about 1- 3mm and 4- 14 mm.( 2) The measured deformation field by D-InS AR shows that there is no continuous deformation area consistent with the fault strike,and only the presence of land subsidence possibly caused by groundwater excessive exploitation,with the deformation amplitude about 10- 12 mm and 1- 5mm.( 3) The measured deformation field is not consistent with the theoretical result on deformation area and amplitude,which indicates that the fault movement is not the main cause of Linfen huge leveling deformation,but may rather be because of local deformation of the soil layers in the hanging wall of the fault.( 4) By combining the fault dislocation model simulation with the D-InS AR technology measurement,we can determine effectively the nature of the anomalyof the huge cross-fault leveling deformation,thus provide scientific basis for verification of significant leveling anomalies.


The invention relates to a household appliance control method and a household appliance control system based on an intelligent television. The household appliance control system comprises the intelligent television, a server used for storing household appliance control command logic, and a remote control terminal used for controlling the intelligent television. The control command logic is downloaded to the remote control terminal from the television or the server through a setting interface of the television, then corresponding buttons on the remote control terminal are set according to the downloaded control command logic, the correspondingly set buttons on the remote control terminal are used to control a household appliance at last. According to the household appliance control method and the system based on the intelligent television, the powerful functions are put in full use, on the basis of reserving the remote control terminal of the intelligent television, the remote control terminal of the existing intelligent television is set, so that the remote control terminal of the existing intelligent television can be used to control other household appliance. Thus, the powerful functions of the existing intelligent television are reserved, and the remote control device of the existing television is put in full use, the cost is saved, and the unification of the household remote control devices is achieved at the same time. The household appliance control method and the system based on the intelligent television greatly facilitate the use.


A frequency-insensitive rotor position estimation method for the three-stage synchronous machine (TSM) in the starting procedure is proposed in this article, where the high-frequency signals (HFSs) are injected into the main exciter (ME), and response signals for the rotor position estimation are extracted from the main generator (MG). Due to the specific structure, the frequency of the response HFSs is distorted by the intermediate links of the ME and rotating rectifier, the frequency-response characteristics of the response signals with information of rotor position are analyzed, and the frequency-insensitive demodulation method for the rotor position estimation based on the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) is given. Finally, the simulation and experiment results are implemented to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed frequency-insensitive rotor position estimation method for TSM.


Observed with electron microscope the microsporogenesis of four ("wild aborted", "wild cultivated", "BT" and "tian" types) types of male-sterile line of Japonica rice that are in the same version of maintainer line Southern Keng No.34. The results are summarried as follows: The most striking event that is different from maintainer lines is the presence of some modified membranous structure in a higher frequency in large vacuole of microsporogenesis of four types of male-sterile lines. The modified membranous structure appears as concentric circles. It is suggested that the modified membranous structure comes from endoplasmic reticulum in large vacuole of monokaryon stage pollen. The formation of this modified membranous structure in the "wild aborted" and "wild cultivated" earlier than the "BT" and "Tian" types of male-sterile lines. This may be illustrated by the difference of cytoptasm of four types of male-sterile lines. The cytoptasm of "wild aborted" and "wild cultivated" types comes from O. sativa L.F spontanea, while "BT" and "Tian" types comes from O. sativa L. subsp Hsien. There is difference on the external shape of mature pollen of four types of male-sterile tines. "BT" and "Tian" types have nearlyglobular of mature pollens. While "wild aborted" and "wild cultivated" types have all the shrink shape of mature pollens.


Cell migration requires the fine spatiotemporal integration of many proteins that regulate the fundamental processes that drive cell movement. Focal adhesion (FA) dynamics is a continuous process involving the coordination between FA and actin cytoskeleton that is essential for cell migration. We studied the spatiotemporal dynamics of FAK and paxillin by using time‐lapse dual‐color imaging to monitor concurrently the two molecules in live endothelial cells (ECs) co‐transfected with GFP‐FAK and mCherry‐paxillin. The fluorescence intensities (FI) of paxillin and FAK at FAs were determined in cell front, center and rear. The mean FAK/Paxillin FI ratio is highest at cell front (mean±SEM: 3.73±0.15), near 1 at cell center (0.88±0.04), and lowest at cell rear (0.56±0.02) (P<0.01). Determination of the time difference between the assemblies of FAK and paxillin at FAs in lamellipodial protrusion (LP) showed that the assembly of FAK occurs ahead of that of paxillin, leading by 2.62±0.27 min (mean±SEM), after using analysis on thirteen cells with a total 206 FAs. The results show that, for these two molecules that modulate FA dynamics during cell migration, FAK assembles at the nascent FAs earlier than paxillin in the protrusions at the cell front. This work was supported by NHLBI Research Grants HL‐104402 and HL‐106579 (S.C.).


This evaluation of the 3-year Thailand Rural Primary Health Care Expansion Project was conducted to determine how effectively the project was meeting its goals in development of health manpower training programs improvement of management and supervisory skills and improvement of health program evaluation and research capabilities of Ministry of Public Health staff. Training activities were found to be of good level and quality and on schedule for village health volunteers and communicators township trainers auxiliary midwives and health assistants but to be behind schedule for nurse practitioners supervisors and management personnel. Key management personnel at the provincial level have received little formal management training but the project objectives for them were found to be unrealistic. Progress in evaluation and research was slow for several reasons although greater attention has recently been given to the need for expanded activities in these areas. Midterm progress cannot be measured for effectiveness through declining population growth and reduced infant and maternal mortality rates because of lack of data but observation of conditions at field sites indicate that the primary health care system is working reasonably well. Recommendations for each of the project objectives and for the next evaluation are included in the report.


In this study, we have prepared a series of composite materials by using a catechol-based phthalonitrile resin as the matrix, and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles as the fillers to improve the toughness and thermal conductivity of the matrix. The surface of nanoparticles was modified with the silane coupling agent (KH550) under mild conditions to enhance the interfacial compatibility, which could be confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal conductivities of composites reached 0.79 W (m·K)−1, which was 3.6 times as much as that of the neat resin, and conformed to the Cheng-Vachon model by fitting the measured values into several heat conduction models. The three-point bending test showed that the toughness and strength were improved at the same time and toughening mechanism was explored by using scanning electron microscope. The h-BN nanoparticles can not only improve the thermal conductivity of the resin but also enhance its mechanical properties.


As an important application of acceleration in the cloud,the distributed caching technology has received considerable attention in industry and academia.This paper starts with a discussion on the combination of cloud computing and distributed caching technology,giving an analysis of its characteristics,typical application scenarios,stages of development,standards,and several key elements,which have promoted its development.In order to systematically know the state of art progress and weak points of the distributed caching technology,the paper builds a multi-dimensional framework,DctAF.This framework is constituted of 6 dimensions through analyzing the characteristics of cloud computing and boundary of the caching techniques.Based on DctAF,current techniques have been analyzed and summarized;comparisons among several influential products have also been made.Finally,the paper describes and highlights the several challenges that the cache system faces and examines the current research through in-depth analysis and comparison.


The article deals with a method for segmenting the articular condyle of the temporomandibular joint from magnetic resonance images. Temporomandibular condyle is segmented by the modified method of marker-controlled watershed. This method is improved by an algorithm for the creation of labels and boundaries of objects based on the analysis of image data. Creating a 3D model has been improved by an algorithm for oversampling the object in the z-axis by cubic spline.


The widespread application of personal computers to educational and psychological testing has substantially increased the number of test administration methodologies available to testing programs. Many of these mediums are referred to by their acronyms, such as CAT, CBT, CCT, and LOFT. The similarities between the acronyms and the methods themselves can be a source of confusion to testing professionals. This purpose of this paper is to suggest a hierarchical classification system for test administration methods and clarify what each entails while also briefly discussing the similarities and differences of each.


Emotions are explicit and serious mental activities, which find expression in speech, body gestures and facial features, etc. Speech is a fast, effective and the most convenient mode of human communication. Hence, speech has become the most researched modality in Automatic Emotion Recognition (AER). To extract the most discriminative and robust features from speech for Automatic Emotion Recognition (AER) recognition has yet remained a challenge. This paper, proposes a new algorithm named Shifted Linear Discriminant Analysis (S-LDA) to extract modified features from static low-level features like Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Pitch. Further 1-D Convolution Neural Network (CNN) was applied to these modified features for extracting high-level features for AER. The performance evaluation of classification task for the proposed techniques has been carried out on the three standard databases: Berlin EMO-DB emotional speech database, Surrey Audio-Visual Expressed Emotion (SAVEE) database and eNTERFACE database. The proposed technique has shown to outperform the results obtained using state of the art techniques. The results shows that the best accuracy obtained for AER using the eNTERFACE database is 86.41%, on the Berlin database is 99.59% and with SAVEE database is 99.57%.


This article is devoted to the problem of creativity's analysis in the context of modern society. Creativity is understood in a broad sense, as a productive activity of man. Creative activity - complex phenomenon of human existence - includes all the transformations which take place in society in passing to the information stage. The author makes an attempt to reveal the essence of creativity of the information era, considering the crisis of self-identification, the transformation of communication and the changing of man's way of being in the world. The problem of self-identification refers to the image which is created by the person and evaluated by the Other, who acts as a judge for us. Along with this, a person loses his former status, a man turns from a free creator into a functional performer. In that context, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to study the phenomenon of simulative creativity, which he defines as alienated creativity. An emphasis is placed on the communicative aspect of the creative activity's transformation, which is illuminating the importance of dialogue as theсreativity's immanent foundation. The process of creative activity's transformation is associated with the problem of simulativeness, which determines the nature and the content of this activity. The author notes that creative activity, acquiring a simulative nature, gives this simulativity to all the components that make up its structure. The problem of simulative creativity turns into the alienation of creativity as a special way of human's being. The author describes the new way of being in the conditions of the information society's simulative reality in termsof "alienation of creativity". Based on the analysis of simulative creativity, the author concludes that it is possible to construct a universal theory of alienation - the theory of creativity's alienation.


It is very difficult to implement effective management on complicated marine affairs just according to department ordinances and regulations.Unreasonable marine development,marine use conflicts and other resources waste issues are induced because of the non-effective management.In order to solve these issues,it is necessary to integrate relative acts and to constitute an integrated marine ocean zoning law.The shortcoming of the current legal system in the marine functional zoning is analyzed,and the proposed ecological safety and non-social orders were done as its value inclination,sustainable development as guiding ideology for its legislation,and "Maintain marine ecosystem health","Precautionary principle","Ocean orienting land","Resource-oriented","Public participation" and "unified management" as six principles.


Introduction :Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is characterized by extranodal presentation. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in NKTCL is very rare and carries dismal outcome, but lacks clear consensus on optimal treatment. This study summarized the clinicopathological features, treatment patterns and survival outcomes of NKTCL patients with CNS involvement, in order to improve the understanding of CNS involvement in NKTCL.
 Methods: 1019 patients diagnosed with extranodal NKTCL, from August 2010 to January 2021 were reviewed, and patients with CNS involvement were included in the analysis. The CNS involvement was diagnosed either pathologically or clinically. Due to the difficulties and potential hazards of brain biopsy, pathologic confirmation of CNS involvement was conducted by identifying malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by cytology and flow cytometry analysis. Clinically diagnosed CNS involvement was based upon the characteristic radiographic findings by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET/CT), Circulating EBV-DNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Overall survival (OS) was defined as time from confirmation of CNS disease to death from any cause or last follow up.
 Results: Among 1019 patients diagnosed with NKTCL, 14 cases (1.3%) with CNS involvement were included. The general characteristics of these patients are listed in Table 1. Of these 14 patients, the median age was 40.5 years (range, 14-57 years) at the time of diagnosis of CNS involvement. Approximately 71.4%(10/14)of patients were men. The median time between initial diagnosis of NKTCL and diagnosis of CNS involvement was 3.0 months (range, 0-141.0 months). 5 patients suffered CNS involvement at initial diagnosis of NKTCL. The other 9 CNS involvement were identified as disease progression. All patients underwent radiological examination, which disclosed the lesion location in CNS of 9 patient. The other 5 patients were diagnosed with CNS involvement by the examination of CSF. The elevated protein concentration and leukocytosis in CSF were identified in 8 and 2 patients, respectively. Among these patients with CNS involvement, the median number of treatment lines after the diagnosis of CNS involvement was 1.5 (range, 1-4). The best response was complete response (CR) in 11 patients, partial response (PR) in 1 patient, stable disease in 1 patient and progressive disease in 1 patient. CR was achieved when patients were treated with pegaspargase- containing regimens(n=4), anti-PD-1 antibodies-containing regimens(n=3), chidamide-containing regimens(n=2) and HD-MTX-containing regimens(n=2). After achieving CR, 2 patients received anti-PD-1 antibodies as maintenance treatment, with the duration of response of 26 and 72 months, respectively. With the median follow-up of 24.5 months (range, 4-72 months), 5 patients died of NKTCL, and the median OS was not reached. 9 patients presented with high circulating EBV-DNA level at diagnosis of CNS involvement, and the post-treatment EBV-DNA descended to the normal level in 7 patients, among whom 6 patients achieved CR.
 Conclusions: The incidence of CNS involvement in NKTCL is low. Compared with previous studies, more patients received anti-PD-1 antibodies- and chidamide-containing regimens, which may contribute to the improved response rate and survival outcomes. Measurement of dynamic changes in EBV-DNA levels during the treatment process can be applied to monitor the treatment response.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


introduction As compared with the past, the current medical practice ignores the usefulness of taking skull radiographs. Radiographs of the skull may not contribute to the diagnosis of brain injury, bleeding or other space occupying lesions in the brain. Intracranial calcifications may give a clue to brain disorders, but this paper does not include all brain lesions. Conventional radiographs of the skull play a major role in arriving at the final diagnosis of many systemic disorders. Antero posterior and lateral views are taken routinely. Advanced imaging like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may not be always necessary. However, clinical history and radiographs of the other skeletal areas are very important in arriving at a final diagnosis. The main objective of this paper is to deal with osseous portions of the calvarium and to study the abnormalities which may contribute to the final diagnosis. Systemic disorders, congenital/ developmental abnormalities are included in the Table 1 and 2.


Characterization of genetic diversity is the foundation step for crop improvement, which provides a basis for analyzing combining ability and heterosis of inbred genotypes during a hybridization program. An investigation was carried out at the field laboratory of the Genetics and Plant Breeding department in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, to elucidate the genetic architecture by evaluating 12 morphological and 4 molecular (SSR) markers within 52 diverse S1 genotypes, and to assess the relationship of molecular and morphological GD. An almost equal amount of PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance for the traits cob weight (gm), NKPC, and NKPR lead to the selection of promising genotypes based on these characters. Correlation coefficient and scatter plot matrix established a positive and strong relationship of KL (mm), KW (mm), and KT (mm) with 100 kernel weight (gm) suggesting the importance of kernel morphology. Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed the highest inter-cluster distance between I and II. The percentages of molecular variance within the population and among the population were 76% and 14 %, respectively. The optimum K-value was 5. Heatmap relying on molecular GD exposed MMIL-28, MMIL-54, and MMIL-96 as the most diverse lines. SHE analysis hypothesized the increase of richness and diversity over time. Less correlation between the divergence generated from morphological traits and molecular markers suggested that the morphological variation may be determined by environmental factors and also by genetic factors. A strategy for the effective selection of predicting parental lines for a future hybridization program was developed.


Provided is an agricultural irrigation device, comprising a solar panel (1), a smart integrated control box (2), a water pump (3), a total flow meter (4), an electrical generator (5), a water pipe (6), an irrigation control valve (8), and an irrigation device (10); the irrigation device (10) is arranged on the tail part of the water pipe (6); the solar panel (1) is equipped with an automatic sunlight-tracking device; the smart integrated control box (2) controls, point-to-point, the water pump (3), the total flow meter (4), a secondary flow meter (7), and the irrigation control valve (8); the water inlet and/or water outlet of the water pump (3) is equipped with a backwashing filter; each branch pipe of the water pipe (6) is provided with several irrigation devices (10), and an irrigation device (10) is provided with several water outlet holes. The agricultural irrigation device has a compact structure, saves costs, and is simple and convenient to use.


1 ABSTRACT Istanbul has always been the core of different civi lizations in history. As the capital city of the Ot toman Empire, Istanbul's modern place within the world ec onomy began in the late eighteenth century with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the growth of modern European capitalism. Throughout its hist ory, Istanbul has played a primary role in its region. I n the 19th century and into the 1920s, the city was a center for transportation, bonded warehouses, trade and st ock exchange.


The present invention relates to a composition for transdermal administration of a therapeutic agent for providing systemic therapeutic effect. In particular, the present invention is spreadable composition, or to a composition but may be a solid having a softening point not exceeding 35 ℃ is about 25 ° C. below the temperature of transdermal administration of the therapeutic agent in a rapid or sustained possible.


Resumen en: The events called "Mirando al cielo" encompass academic, cultural and economic activities with the purpose of promoting the knowledge and furthering the ...


Base material properties for TRIP800 have been characterized under different automotive manufacturing and operating temperatures ranging from -40°C to 93°C, as well as strain rates ranging from 1/sec to 400/sec. Transformation kinetics for material points undergone high rate deformation has been quantified using a modified X-ray diffraction technique. The results clearly indicate the temperature dependency of the TRIP steel dynamic performance. At room temperature, the total elongation is around 33%, similar to those under quasi-static loading conditions. Under higher or lower temperature, however, TRIP800 has reduced ductility under dynamic loading.


Tick infestation in the ear canal may have variable clinical presentations. We present here a case of facial nerve paralysis in a 73 years old lady due to intra aural tick infestation. The patient presented with left otalgia, vertigo and left sided facial asymmetry. The case could be confused with cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack. IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 29-31


We show an approach to semi-automatic grading of answers given by students to open ended questions (open answers). We use both peer-evaluation and teacher evaluation. A learner is modeled by her Knowledge and her assessments quality (Judgment). The data generated by the peer- and teacher- evaluations, and by the learner models is represented by a Bayesian Network, in which the grades of the answers, and the elements of the learner models, are variables, with values in a probability distribution. The initial state of the network is determined by the peer-assessment data. Then, each teacher's grading of an answer triggers evidence propagation in the network. The framework is implemented in a web-based system. We present also an experimental activity, set to verify the effectiveness of the approach, in terms of correctness of system grading, amount of required teacher's work, and correlation of system outputs with teacher's grades and student's final exam grade.


The aim of this paper is two-fold: first, to analyze several contemporary theories of democracy, and secondly, to propose a theoretical framework for further investigations based on analyzed theories. The following four theories will be analyzed: pluralism, social choice theory, deliberative democracy and participatory democracy.


In this paper, we present a general family of iterative methods to solve linear equations, which includes the well-known Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel iterations as its special cases. The methods are extended to solve coupled Sylvester matrix equations. 9 In our approach, we regard the unknown matrices to be solved as the system parameters to be identified, and propose a least-squares iterative algorithm by applying a hierarchical identification principle and by introducing the block-matrix inner 11 product (the star product for short). We prove that the iterative solution consistently converges to the exact solution for any initial value. The algorithms proposed require less storage capacity than the existing numerical ones. Finally, the algorithms 13 are tested on computer and the results verify the theoretical findings. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. 15


Protein hydrolysate was prepared from common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) by pepsin. Hydrolysis conditions (time, temperature, and enzyme activity) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using a factorial design. The regression coefficient was close to 0.999, observed during both experimental and validation runs, and indicated the validity of the prediction model. An enzyme activity to substrate ratio (X1), 0.04 AU/g protein; time (X2), 85 min; and temperature (X3), 45°C were found to be the optimum conditions for a higher degree of hydrolysis (21%) and nitrogen recovery (90%) using pepsin. According to amino acid analysis results and chemical score, methionine and histidine are the limiting amino acids in the hydrolysates, in that order. All other amino acids are present in sufficient quantity as required.


Nano-Ni3S4 powders from NiSO4-6H2O and Na2S2O4·2H2O at ambient temperature by the liquid phase method were prepared. The factors affecting qualities of the powders were researched and the most favorable experimental conditions were obtained. Samples were characterized by TEM,XRD and complexometric analysis. The results show that Ni3S4 powders obtained are spinel and their average size is lOnm with narrow distribution, good separation and high purity.


Abstract The long-awaited PALPA by Kay et al. (1992) is all that it claims to be, but no more than this. As a set of resources for clinicians already familiar with its cognitive neuropsychological theoretical background it provides controlled stimuli and tasks which allow for systematic replication of case studies, baselining for individual cases, and for making comparisons with appropriate control subjects (as recommended by Shallice in 1979). As the first major contribution to aphasia assessment for a number of years it represents a major landmark in the clinical field. However, both the excitement we have felt in awaiting its arrival, and its relative novelty, should not, we feel, obscure the observation that there are important restrictions on the validity and usefulness of the PALPA. In this paper we have focused on these restrictions, firstly considering those which relate to information processing, and secondly, considering those which relate to our fundamental understanding of language.


BACKGROUND
This study assessed the feasibility of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas by means of an endoscopically inserted endoluminal magnetic resonance receiver coil.

METHOD
A 0.032-inch diameter internal magnetic resonance imaging receiver coil was endoscopically inserted into the pancreatic duct in 4 pigs through the accessory channel of a standard duodenoscope to obtain high-resolution magnetic resonance images by using T1- and T2-weighted sequences.

RESULTS
The pig anatomy precluded the usual transoral approach; however, transgastric access allowed endoscopic transpapillary insertion of a receiver coil into the pancreatic duct in all animals without the need for sphincterotomy. The small swine pancreas could then be visualized by magnetic resonance imaging with a 0.3 x 0.3-mm in-plane resolution.

CONCLUSION
High-resolution pancreas magnetic resonance imaging is feasible by using an endoscopically inserted endoluminal receiver coil. The smaller stomach and larger pancreatic duct diameter in humans will facilitate clinical application of the imaging procedure.


A technique for rapid speaker adaptation, called eigenvoices, was introduced recently. The key idea is to confine models in a very low-dimensional linear vector space. This space summarizes a priori knowledge that we have about speaker models. In many practical systems, however, there is a mismatch between the conditions in which the training data were collected and test conditions: prior knowledge becomes improper. Furthermore, prior statistics or models of this mismatch may not be available. We expose two key results: first, we use a maximum-likelihood estimator of prior information in matched conditions, called MLES, leading to an improvement of adaptation by a relative 14%, and second, we show how we can apply a blind scheme for learning noise, MLLR, achieving an additional 7:7% relative improvement in noisy conditions.


A method and a device for the continuous production of hydraulically bound building materials are claimed. Changes are proposed to the location of a mixer. Instead of a ready-made mixture of hydraulic binders being fed along a pipe from a mixer to a laying site, the mixer is located at said site. A dry mixture of hydraulic binders is fed along one pipe. Water and foam are fed through other pipes. The hydraulic binders can be mixed with an inert filler at the moment of laying. A ready-made suspension is poured using the mixer, and other fillers are poured through a pipe. There is no mechanical mixing because the suspension and the inert fillers are evenly distributed in the applied layer. The invention includes positioning the mixer for continuous production on easily portable devices having a length equal to the length of laying of the hydraulically bound materials. The novel horizontal structure is divided into two parts, to which a third part can be added to increase the structure to a given size.


Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon B-cell malignancy arising from B cells that are arrested after somatic hypermutation in the germinal center and before terminal differentiation to plasma cells [1]. It is characterized by IgM monoclonal gammopathy and bone marrow involvement by a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma clone. WM accounts for approximately 5% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, although recent data suggest its incidence is declining [2,3]. WM, considered an incurable disease in most cases, is an indolent lymphoma with a median age at diagnosis of 65 years and median survival of 5–10 years [4]. While once thought to closely resemble multiple myeloma, genomic studies of WM have found that this condition genetically clusters with other indolent lymphomas [5]. Morphologically, bone marrow in WM reveals plasmacytoid lymphocytes, small lymphocytes and plasma cells [6]. Characteristic features include the presence of Dutcher bodies (intranuclear pseudo-inclusions of IgM) and Russell bodies (prominent cytoplasmic globules). Cells stain positive for pan-B-cell markers, including CD19, CD20, CD25 and, in most cases, CD79a. Unlike chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma, cells are usually negative for CD5, CD10 and CD23. One of the unique features of WM is its genetics. Recent studies revealed that deletion of 6q21 occurs in 42–63% of WM cases and over 70% demonstrate MYD88 mutations, which may convey a more aggressive phenotype [7]. In addition, the mutation of CXCR4 is present in 29% of cases and appears to play a critical role in WM biology [8]. WM is associated with a spectrum of disease severity. The presence of IgM monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (serum M spike <3 g/dl and <10% clonal marrow involvement) commonly precedes development of WM. Cytopenias, adenopathy, organomegaly or hyperviscosity syndrome is often absent at diagnosis and approximately a third of patients with WM remain asymptomatic. Patients with asymptomatic disease are considered to have smoldering disease and a watch-and-wait approach is appropriate.


Abstract.
 The first cases of gynandromorphy in the non-biting midge genus Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912 (Diptera: Chironomidae) are reported. Gynandromorphs of two species, P. (Tripodura) unifascium (Tokunaga, 1938) and P. (Uresipedilum) bingoparadoxum Kawai, Inoue & Imabayashi, 1998, from China are described and illustrated. They were determined through comparison of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 DNA barcodes with those of determined Polypedilum adult males. Occurrence of gynandromorphs, which have a feminine head, thorax and abdomen, but a masculine hypopygium, in the Chironomidae is discussed.


The technical requirements and production technology of 12Cr2Mo1R(SA387Gr22Cl2) heavy plate for the equipment working under critical hydrogen manufactured by Baosteel are introduced.The chemical composition and mechanical properties are shown by the 12Cr2Mo1R(SA387Gr22Cl2) heavy plate with thickness of 95 mm.As compared with the same kind heavy plates manufactured in China and abroad,the properties of 12Cr2Mo1R(SA387Gr22Cl2) heavy plate manufactured by Baosteel were comparative.


Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in elderly patients is often unrecognized and associated with poor prognosis. Objectives: To investigate management and efficacy of reperfusion therapy to the elderly patients with AMI. Methods: From the January 1, 2001 to October 31, 2002, 964 patients with AMI were included in the French regional RICO survey. The patients were divided into three groups: younger (<70 years old), elderly (70–79 years old) and very elderly (≧80 years old). Results: Distribution of groups was 56, 27, and 16%, respectively. The longest time delay to first request for medical attention was found in the very elderly group (30 and 55 vs. 90 min, respectively, p < 0.05). Rate of lysis fell significantly with increasing age (35, 22 and 9%, respectively, p < 0.001) but the time delay to lysis was similar for the 3 groups. The proportion of patients who benefited from primary percutaneaous transluminal coronary angioplasty decreased with age (21, 15, 11%, respectively, p < 0.001), but time delay to balloon angioplasty was similar and no difference in mortality rate was observed between the three groups after reperfusion. The incidence of in-hospital cardiovascular events (cardiogenic shock and recurrent myocardial infarction/ischemia) and in-hospital mortality increased with age (5, 13, 17%, respectively, p < 0.001). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that only ejection fraction and Killip >1 were independent predictive factors for in-hospital cardiovascular mortality, respectively (OR 5.15, 95% CI 2.08–12.74, p < 0.0001 and OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.90–7.65, p < 0.0001), whereas age, sex, diabetes and anterior location were not significant. Conclusion: Our data in an unselected population indicate that very elderly patients were characterized by increased pre-hospital delays and less frequent utilization of reperfusion therapy, although no difference in the mortality in reperfused patients could be observed between the three age groups.


In this paper, we consider the mechanical effect of the sulfate attack on concrete. The durability analysis of concrete structures in contact to external sulfate solutions requires the definition of a proper diffusion-reaction model, for the computation of the varying sulfate concentration and of the consequent ettringite formation, coupled to a mechanical model for the prediction of swelling and material degradation. In this work, we make use of a two-ions formulation of the reactive-diffusion problem and we propose a bi-phase chemo-elastic damage model aimed to simulate the mechanical response of concrete and apt to be used in structural analyses.


©RSNA, 1999 n HISTORY A previously healthy 8-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with complaints of constipation, dysuria, and difficulty in micturition that had been progressive over the past 6 weeks. Several enema procedures and symptomatic treatment had failed to resolve his symptoms prior to presentation. At physical examination, a firm, palpable abdominal mass was discovered extending from the symphysis pubis to about 3 cm above the umbilicus. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography (CT) of Figure 1. Supine radiograph of the abdomen shows dilation of both small and large bowel loops with no air in the distal colon and rectum. A large soft-tissue mass is seen arising from the pelvis and extending into the abdomen, displacing the bowel loops. the abdomen and pelvis were performed. Further work-up included laboratory tests, bone scintigraphy, and chest CT.


The synergistic combination of two catalysts is an emerging strategy towards the formation of unprecedented complex molecules, and herein bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the neutral ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br) are used together for the first time towards multiple C−C and C−S bond‐formation reactions in one pot under metal‐free, acid‐free, and base‐free conditions by merging two classical named reactions, that is, aldol condensation (AC) and thia‐Michael addition (TMA) for the cascade chemoselective generation of β‐aryl‐β‐sulfido carbonyl compounds from aliphatic ketones, aromatic aldehydes, and thiols. NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations studies provided insight into the synergism, progress, and mechanism of the reaction, and control experiments highlighted that the single catalysts (BSA or IL) alone did not allow even the first AC step to proceed. Moreover this synergistic BSA–[bmim]Br catalytic system offers the step‐economical synthesis of the anticoagulant warfarin through sequential aldol–Michael addition reactions and potent pyridine analogues through a Knoevenagel–Michael route. Besides, the recyclability of the catalytic system (up to 5 times) with the generation of water as a byproduct makes our one‐pot protocol more economically efficient and synthetically attractive than traditional methods.


This article is presented with a deductive method orientation, with a paradigm of hermeneutic order, based on experience, carried out under an exclusively qualitative approach, which will serve as a scaffold for a next study of digital media. Communications are a means or mechanism of organization for coexistence in society. The political economy of communication has its origin in the theories or critical approaches of Frankfurt and cultural studies, which has analyzed the role of the owners or concessionaires of large radio and television corporations, highlighting the bias they have given to the dissemination of information and culture, orienting it towards the defense of their ideology or their commercial interests, thus leading to the alienation and training of large masses of audience. In these modern times, the massification of the media is the result of technological convergences, where three disciplines or spaces are at work: information technology, telecommunications and the Internet, which is the axis or center of the new communications ecosystem. Social networks allow feedback between sender and receiver of news, transforming the unidirectional communication process provided by conventional media.


Abstract : Plasma production by a beam-plasma discharge in magnetic field has been experimentally investigated. The beam plasma instability occurring in the axial density gradient of a beam produced plasma is measured. Under the proper conditions the waves, with omega < (omega sub c), will grow and decay completely in the inhomogeneous region. The decay is found to result from Landau damping of the wave by the beam. The spatial evolution of beam thermalization along the discharge has been measured. At beam to plasma density ratio smaller than 1/100 plasma production is dominated by the plasma electrons which are heated by rf fields resulting from beam-plasma interaction. The power balance of the beam-plasma interaction has been studied. (Modified author abstract)


Present paper proposes maiden robust coordinated design of multi-channel (P-ω-δ) power system stabilizer (MPSS) and thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) based power oscillation damping (POD) controller to enhance power system dynamic stability. Introducing advanced (P-ω-δ) PSS, for the first time, in coordination with the POD controller can provide more capable structure in damping of electromechanical (EM) oscillations than the conventional CPSSTCSC controller. The robust coordinated design is formulated as an optimization problem in which the controller parameters are optimized concurrently via PSO algorithm by minimizing integral of time squared error (ITSE) performance index in which some loading conditions are regarded to guarantee robust design. Time domain simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment examined on 2-area 4-machine (2A4M) power system over different disturbances and loading conditions demonstrate that outstanding improvement in damping of EM oscillations is achieved by employing proposed (P-ω-δ) PSS-POD controller in comparison with the CPSS-POD. Keywords—(P-ω-δ) PSS; TCSC damping controller; electromechanical oscillation; PSO; power system stability


Abstract 5173 Background: The effect of vitamin D replacement on hemoglobin concentration in subjects with concurrent iron deficiency anemia and vitamin D deficiency is not known. Methods: In a single blinded randomized placebo controlled study, thirty subjects with iron deficiency anemia (serum ferritin Results: Baseline age, BMI, hemogram, levels of serum ferritin, 25(OH)D and PTH were similar in both the arms. Twelve weeks after vitamin D replacement, there was significant increase in 25 (OH) D levels and decrease in PTH levels in subjects with intervention arm compared to placebo arm (p Conclusion: Vitamin D replacement in subjects with iron deficiency anemia after iron correction does not improve hemoglobin concentration further. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Background: The tissue microarray (TMA), first described by Battifora and first implemented in 1998 by Kononen et al, is a powerful research tool, allowing simultaneous analysis of specimens from a large number of cases on one slide by routine slides. Unfortunately, commercial aray instruments are very expensive and thus not suitable for laboratories with limited funds. We describe simple and cost-effective method for constructing of manual TMA that can be performed by any anatomic pathology laboratory, requiring minimum skill and time. Methods: Skin punch biopsy needle of 2-mm diameter was used for extracting cores from 15 positive control breast cancer cases, 15 normal bladder tissue and 30 muscle-invasive bladder cancer and for injecting into recipient block. Result: : We constructed TMA block using skin punch biopsy needle of 2-mm, and succesfulfully performed HER 2 immunodetection and  Chromogen in situ hybridization studies, without substantial tissue loss.  10% of our tumor cases exhibited Her-2 neu overexpression.  An open source software programme "ТМА-Ј" was applied  to facilitate management, viewing, analysis of tissue microarray images and associated clinico-pathology data. Conclusion: : This method could be done by any pathology laboratory and represents good and reliable alternative for commercially available, expensive devices and software solutions. DOI: 10.21276/apalm.2017.1166


This article aims to show, from a practical aspect, useful and specifi c strategies to intervene in the development of altered cognitive processes in pervasive developmental disorders. It collects the results of many years of specifi c work with students with pervasive developmental disorders (autism spectrum) both evaluating and also designing strategies to be implemented in educational and social contexts. It therefore aims to guide the process to be followed by the professional to work specifi cally with altered basic cognitive processes from a serious, rigorous and consistent approach.


The problems of knowledge management begin with the issue of language: knowledge is a dangerously inclusive word. The moment a consultant, academic or a politician says that the meaning of a particular word does not matter, that is the moment to take very special care of everything that follows. The other problem lies in having too much unspecified 'knowledge' and not enough knowledge about knowledge itself.


The effect of a large-amplitude, spatially uniform electric field at lower hybrid frequency, which is applied across the static magnetic field, on the dispersion relations for low-frequency drift waves (ω ≪ ωci) and drift cyclotron waves (ω ≃ ωci) in a collisionless plasma is investigated. It is found that the lower hybrid field can parametrically excite or suppress the drift waves. Expressions are derived for the threshold electric field required for such effects. A particularly interesting result is the possibility of exciting some new macroscopic instabilities when wave-particle resonances are ignored. The results of this investigation are likely to be relevant to some of the recently proposed schemes using lower hybrid waves for heating plasma ions up to fusion temperatures.


Conventionally the concrete production is highly energy intensive and one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the World. The high strength concrete (HSC) is a trendy and effective solution for many structural applications. This concrete is particularly beneficial in compression members as it can endure higher stresses. In general the HSC requires the higher cement content and quality aggregates to achieve designated strength. However this process adds to the economy of the HSC production. Therefore replacement of supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in HSC could lead to economical and sustainable manufacturing. Thus, the objective of this research is to investigate the effect of partial replacement of untreated rice husk ash (RHA) together with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) on the engineering properties of HSC. Sixteen various mix propositions were examined by replacing the cement and natural coarse aggregates by RHA and RCA respectively to investigate the compressive and tensile strengths. Further the influences of untreated RHA and RCA on other engineering properties including air-entrainment, modulus of elasticity, workability were examined. Replacement of RCA up to 100 % did not significantly alter the strength properties of HSC. The addition of RHA up to 20% has reduce the compressive and tensile strength by only 10%.


Purpose – This paper aims to present an approach of utilizing Petri net (PN) to model and schedule collaborative design and manufacturing activities at a cyber manufacturing centre (CMC).Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual PN model consisting of all activities at the CMC is drafted. This model is then simplified to generate a conflict free PN for scheduling analysis purposes. Based on this simplified PN, generalized scheduling algorithms were developed. The algorithms were used in spreadsheets to process and analyze the operation database before finally transforming it into a dynamic finite scheduling sequence in the form of Gantt chart.Findings – The PN is found to be very useful in modelling and analysing the scheduling sequence for a CMC with collaborative activities resembling flow shop with shared resources.Originality/value – The models and methods described in this paper are practical means of utilizing PN in managing the scheduling and manufacturing activities.


Abstract:The post-Civil War era opened a new chapter in the development of Catholic education in the United States. Seeking ways to forge stronger bonds of national unity, the Republican Party placed a high priority on public education as a means of forging a common American culture. Subsequently, members of the party viewed the growing number of Catholic schools, which offered an alternative to the public system, as a threat. The disproportionate growth of the Catholic population in Ohio alarmed the Republican Party, then holding many local and statewide offices. These officials sought to create legal and legislative barriers to hinder the influence of the Catholic Church, resulting in a defined wall of separation between public and parochial education in the state which would last for more than a hundred years.


The method for the analysis of aldosterone and cortisol, described in the preceding paper, depends the assay of their acetyl derivatives after chromatography. The fluorescence of the containing steroid chromatograms method is the steroids, The reaction between diazonium compounds and proteins in alkaline solution was first studied in 1904, with sulphanilic acid as the amino compound (Pauly, 1904). Coloured compounds were formed, and the reaction was investigated by allowing the diazonium compound to react separately with all the amino acids then known to be present inproteins. It was found that only tyrosine and histidine gave coloured solutions. Later, Pauly isolated derivatives from these two amino acids with diazotized p-arsanilic acid. In all azoproteins prepared by treating proteins an excess of diazotized p-arsanilic arsenic analysis than to be expected tyrosine the results it was suggested diazonium compounds could also react with phenylalanine, tryptophan, proline and hydroxyproline. Kapeller-Adler they prepared and isolated derivatives from these amino acids with diazotized p-arsanilic acid.


Sharkovsky's theorem [1], [5], [6] claims its place among the gems of dynamical sys tems mainly because of its simple hypotheses and strong conclusion. Loosely speak ing, it states that, if / is a continuous map from a compact interval / into itself that has a period-m point, then / also has a period-^ point whenever m < n in the Sharkovsky's ordering -< of the natural numbers but may not have a period-/: point when k < m. The Sharkovsky's ordering is as follows:


The optical–mechanical analogy involves the expression of geometrical optics and particle mechanics in the same mathematical language. In this paper, an especially simple version of the optical–mechanical analogy is extended to general relativity. A variational principle for the trajectories of photons and particles is obtained which is applicable to a broad class of metrics. This permits us to cast the exact equations of motion for both massive and massless particles into the form of Newtonian mechanics. The new equations of motion are illustrated by applications to the Schwarzschild metric.


To efficiently deal with high dimensionality and precision problems in document retrieval, a novel document retrieval algorithm based on manifold learning and ant colony optimization(ACO) algorithm is proposed. The high-dimensional document data are first projected into lower-dimensional feature space with neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) algorithm, the ACO algorithm is then applied to retrieve relevant documents in the reduced lower-dimensionality document feature space. Extensive experiments on real-world data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


An embodiment of the invention provides a search error correction method and a search error correction device. The search error correction method includes: according to a queried word inputted in a search box, determining error correction content corresponding to the queried word; displaying the error correction content as a search suggestion tip of the queried word. According to the search error correction method and the search error correction device, the error correction content corresponding to the queried word inputted in the search box by a user is determined and displayed to the user as the search suggestion tip of the queried word, so that the wrong queried word inputted can be timely corrected during the user search process, the user can be guided to the correct queried word and acquire the needed search result according to the correct queried word.


With the help of Dynamic Spectrum Access the problem of scarcity of available spectrum for use of everyone can be easily resolved. Cognitive radio has emerged out as a promising aspect in the direction of Dynamic spectrum management with its ability to change in accordance with the radio environment needs. In this paper we have proposed a probable way of sensing the unused bands with the help of CSMA technique.


Graphene/ZnO composites with different contents of ZnO have been successfully synthesized via a liquid phase route. The structure, morphology, and electrochemical performances of the composites are investigated by XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, AFM, and electrochemical measurement. The results reveal that ZnO nanoparticles wedged on the surface of the graphene nanosheets. The initial capacity of graphene/ZnO (1:1) reached 1155.27 mAh g-1, which increased 162.87 mAh g-1 compared with the initial capacity of graphene. This could be attributed to the unique structure of the prepared composite and synergies of graphene and ZnO in the lithium ion storage.


The Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis disease occupies an important position among the sexually transmitted diseases of bovines. The disease is caused by bovine herepes virus which has three subtypes. Viruses from the BHV-1.1 subtype cause severe respiratory disease and may cause abortion. Some vaccines developed against the virus have been found to be promising.


The early abstract sculptures of China were found in the west Han Dynasty.The abstract prchase stones were developed from a special cultural background.The above landscape sculptures are different in styles and aesthetic function,but they are distinguishing features of the Chinese classic gardens.


INDUSTRY is the part of an economy that produces material goods and services that are highly mechanized and automatized. From the early stage of industrialization, technological advances have led to four paradigm shifts called "industrial revolutions." The first industrial revolution regarded mechanization based on water and steam power, the second one regarded the intensive use of electrical energy to maximize massive production based on assembly lines, the third one regarded the widespread digitalization thanks to computer-aided automation, and the fourth one (which is currently happening) regards instead the combination of future-oriented technologies including cyber-physical systems (CPS), cognitive computing, cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and edge computing, among others [1], [2]. Industry 4.0 principles have found a great consensus and adoption in different industrial domains including healthcare. Healthcare Industry 4.0 allows increasing flexibility in production, speeding up both manufacturing and market processes, increasing both the product quality and productivity, and changing business models modifying the interaction with value chain, competitors, and clients. Healthcare Industry 4.0 requires investments and mind-set change for cross-industry collaboration, agreements on data ownership, security, legal issue solving, product registration standards, new machine-to-machine communication protocols, and employment/skills development. Furthermore, Healthcare Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing the market of health service provisioning to patients and clinical operators. In fact, all over the world, the number of investments in information and communication technology (ICT) for health and wellbeing (eHealth) is rapidly increasing. In fact, GLOBE NEWSWIRE has predicted that the global eHealth market is expected to reach 308 billion dollars by 2022 [3]. In this context, there is growing interest around the adoption of recent cutting-edge ICT technologies in Healthcare Industry 4.0, including cloud computing, IoT, big data analytics, and edge computing, that allow the delivery of various kinds of eHealth services and applications over telecommunication networks and the Internet remotely. Therefore, besides revolution-


In the preliminaries of criminal cases, it is still a difficult question whether the criminal court can examine the illegality or effectiveness of administrative dispositions related to the elements of the crime. In a criminal case, it is reasonable to assume that the court of a lawsuit can examine and judge the violation of the administrative disposition, which has become a matter for a prior decision, in a limited way. If the illegality of the administrative disposition, which became a matter of pre-determined, is objectively clear and it is not necessary to punish the accused, etc. the criminal court may recognize the illegality of the administrative disposition. This is the case when the competent administrative agency clearly violates an essential procedural requirement stipulated by the statute or when the precedent for the illegality of the administrative dispositions is firm. However, when the violation of the Administrative Procedure Act or procedural error in administrative dispositions is disputed in interpretation, it is not desirable for the criminal court, not the administrative court, to actively review the illegality of the administrative disposition. In addition, the criminal court needs to be more careful when examining the substantive illegality of the administrative disposition, which is a preliminary question. It is the jurisdiction of the administrative court as a specialized court to examine the substantive illegality of an administrative disposition through the discretionary or balancing theory, the general principles of administrative law. In an investigation process, the prosecutor cannot closely examine the substantive and procedural illegality of the administrative disposition, which is a component of the crime. The Constitutional Court of Korea directly should not cancel an administrative act on the ground of procedural illegality in the constitutional complaint adjudication on suspension of the indictment. It may violate the jurisdiction of the specialized court. Procedural errors in administrative dispositions are not subject to adjudication in constitutional complaints, and judgments on their violations fall within the competence of the administrative court. This is not a question of constitutional interpretation but statutory interpretation.


Backgrounds: Relaxation techniques can help reduce stress. However, few studies are available on the effects of jaw relaxation on stress and physiological indicators of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of jaw relaxation on stress and physiological indicators of patients with ACS. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 64 patients with ACS hospitalized in two hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The patients were selected using consecutive sampling and were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 32) and a control (n = 32) group. Jaw relaxation was performed for the subjects in the intervention group twice a day and for 3 days. The subjects in the control group received their routine care. The data were collected using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and a checklist for recording physiological indicators. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square, and the independent samples t test. Results: The mean stress score in the intervention group decreased from 26.03 ± 15.97 to 11.45 ± 14.75 (P < 0.001). However, the difference was not significant in the control group. The mean diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial oxygen saturation were not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention (P > 0.05). However, after interaction, the mean of these variables was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of jaw relaxation together with medical treatments has a positive effect on the recovery of patients with ACS and helps them manage their stress.


A theory of model choice in regression analysis is developed, covering tho problems of approximation of regression functions with unknown functional form, of optimal prediction for the realization of some dependend variables, of polynomial and multiple regression. In this (decision theoretical) frame a survey of the known model choice procedures including stepwise procedures and their variants is given. Moreover, several new procedures and variants are described, e.g. BAYEsian, minimax and empirical model choice, global and robust backward elimination or stepwise regression. The procedures of "maximal multiple correlation""optimal regression" and the C p-criterion of MALLOWS are obtained as special cases of ∊-BAYES, BAYES and empirical model choice respectively.Some comparisons of procedures considering the risk function are reported, e.g. under some assumptions the lower global variant of forward selection is better than the choice of the largest model.The parameters of this procedure can be chosen in su...


It has different layers of feature classification system for land to use land cover classification system or land use classification system in each institute, and therefore it is not suitable for effective land change detection. In this paper, we proposed a feature classification system to show its change of land effectively. Based on comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign relevant feature classification system, we proposed a standard feature classification system. In order to validate the applicability of the proposed feature classification systeme, we performed and analyzed human visual checking, manual screen digitizing and automatic knowledge-based hierarchical feature classification according to the proposed feature classification systeme.


Interval estimation of the probability of success in a Binomial model is considered. Zielinski (2018) showed that the confidence interval which uses information about non-homogeneity of the sample is better than the classical one. In the following paper the shortest confidence interval for non-homogenous sample is constructed.


The knowledge economy period requires the innovation ability of university students. The article stated the approaches of training the innovation ability of university students from the renewal of talent training concept, the optimization of knowledge structure and the making full use of the teachers' guiding roles.


This paper presents an extensive study on dye-photosensitized singlet oxygen oxidation of cis-1,4-polybutadiene, 1,2-polybutadiene, and butadiene–styrene copolymers. The singlet oxygen oxidation occurs by "ene" type mechanism which involves formation of hydroperoxide groups by addition and a shift of the double bond. The oxidation is accompanied by chain scission and crosslinking reactions.


The utility model relates to a quick fastened screw bolt and a nut, which is composed of a screw bolt and a combined nut, wherein more than two unthreaded planes which are parallel to a shaft line are uniformly distributed on an outer circle of the threaded rod part of the screw bolt. The combined nut is composed of two branch nuts, wherein more than two inner screw threads of each branch nut are removed in the axial direction at equal intervals, and the parts of which the screw threads are removed are matched with the parts provided with screw threads on the threaded rod; the outer diameters of the two branch nuts are equal, and the two branch nuts are connected by inner and outer screw threads positioned on the end surfaces of the two branch nuts. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure and quick and convenient use.


Aims:  This study was prompted to investigate the intestinal localization and colonization of orally administered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in piglets.


This study aims to determine the effect of the practice of duoble leg cone hops and lunges on the level of long pass ability of SSB Internal FC soccer players, Ngawi. This study uses an experimental method with a "three groups pre-test-post-test design" design. The population in this study were football players from SSB Internal FC, Ngawi, which amounted to 30 people. Data analysis used t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that (1) There was a significant effect of double leg cone hop exercise on the level of long pass strength of SSB Internal FC soccer players, Ngawi, with t count -14.230 > t table 2.447, and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, and a percentage increase of 8.69%. (2) There is a significant effect of lunges training on the level of long pass strength of SSB Internal FC soccer players, Ngawi, with t count -5,161 > t table 2.447, and a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, and a percentage increase of 5.94 %. (3) The duoble leg cone hop exercise was better than the lunges exercise on the strength level of the SSB Internal fc soccer player, Ngawi, with t count 2.753 > t table = 2.365 and sig, 0.022 < 0.05.


Magneto-optic effect on the photonic band structure is investigated by the numerical calculation. When the magneto-optic anisotropy is applied to photonic crystals, the energetically-degenerate electromagnetic waves propagating along the anisotropy direction show the Faraday effect, as in an uniform dielectric system. On the other hand, the electromagnetic waves, which are not degenerate and are propagating perpendicular to the anisotropy direction, also show the magneto-optic effect similar to the Faraday one and its magnitude is propotional to the square of the magneto-optic anisotropy, being quite different from the case in uniform dielectrics. The origin of such effect is shown being intrinsic to the photonic band structures, by using the group and perturbation theories.


Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct naevus (PEODDN) is a rare keratinisation disorder that usually appears as numerous keratotic pits on palms and soles. We report an otherwise healthy, 25-year-old young man developing numbers of asymptomatic skin lesions over 5 years. He had applied various medications including topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, calcipotriol and systemic corticosteroids without any benefit. Clinical examination revealed grouped linear red-brown keratotic papules on his right leg (Fig. 1), left leg, forearms, abdomen and buttocks. There were no pits over his palms and soles. With our initial clinical differential diagnosis which included inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus, porokeratosis, lichen planus, blaschkitis and Darier disease, a biopsy was performed. The histopathology showed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and a parakeratotic column in a deep cupshaped invagination. The epidermis at the base of column showed loss of granular cells. An eccrine duct was observed at the base of invagination, suggesting acrosyringeal origin. The thickness of dermis especially around eccrine gland was increased. There was squamous metaplasia of the eccrine ducts was noted (Fig. 2). These are characteristic features showing a cornoid lamella overlying an eccrine duct. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings, PEODDN was diagnosed. The patient was prescribed acitretin (10 mg for 1 month, 25 mg for 2 months), but despite initial improvement he stopped treatment as new lesions continued to appear and he developed drug side effects. Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct naevus presents as numerous punctate pits with a comedo-like keratotic plug in a linear pattern. The majority of skin lesions are limited to palms and soles, however, involvement of other areas such as trunk, buttock occur in few numbers. The lesions are usually asymptomatic although mild pruritus has been reported. Whilst it is believed that


Lactational mastitis is usually associated with pathogenic bacterial infection, milk deposition, nipple damage, and fatigue of mothers. At present, the treatment of lactational mastitis is mostly focused on symptom management, antibiotic treatment, and surgical treatment. The increased incidence of antibiotic resistance of the causative species is also a key cause of concern for treatment of lactational mastitis, thus leading to the need to develop novel therapies. In recent years, probiotics have been identified and used, which may provide a substitute for the prevention and treatment of lactational mastitis.

Key words:
Mastitis; Microbial mechanism; Probiotics


The experiments, which analyze the injury symptoms and diagnose growth conditions utilizing IRVT and analyzing each parts of H. helix L., had been held under a low temperature. Greenhouse and outdoor growing Genus hedera had been prepared and compared with each Genus hedera`s peak and bottom leaves` surface temperature under the experimental categories and . As results, analyzing the surface thermal property of peak part leaves` of outdoor growing Genus hedera, at experimental categories , were ranged from and . On the other hand, the surface thermal property of bottom part leaves at experimental categories , were ranged and . It appears that the thermal properties of leaves` surface on peaks and bottoms were more broadband than bottoms and peaks. It means that the peaks were more sensitive than bottoms, as like , . Moreover, as similar results had seen to leaves surface temperature added to cold wind conditions. How the cold wind damaged the outdoor growing Genus hedera, analyzed the surface thermal property by IRVT data under , , condition, it resulted to , , . It appeared more low temperature than experimental setting point. In addition, each parts thurmal property of peaks and bottoms was not similar, it referred to each parts` sensitivities of low temperature were different on the peak and bottom leaves surface temperature.


"No two things in the world are wholly alike, so that every analogy, however close, can be pushed too far; on the other hand, no two things are wholly dissimilar, so that there is always an analogy to be drawn, if we choose to do so. The question to be considered in every case is whether or not there is something else to be learned from the analogy if we choose to draw it." . -Abraham Kaplan (1964:266)


The compressibility of solid helium (3He and 4He) in the hcp and fcc phases has been studied by the path-integral Monte Carlo method. Simulations were carried out in both canonical (NVT) and isothermal–isobaric (NPT) ensembles at temperatures between 10 and 300 K, showing consistent results in both ensembles. For pressures between 4 and 10 GPa, the bulk modulus B is found to decrease by about 10%, when the temperature increases from the low-temperature limit to the melting temperature. The isotopic effect on the bulk modulus of helium crystals has been quantified for a wide range of parameters. At 25 K and pressures on the order of 1 GPa, the relative difference between 3He and 4He amounts to about 2%. The thermal expansion has also been quantified from results obtained in both NPT and NVT simulations.


Diabetes mellitus (DM), is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels resulting from defects in inulin absorption over a prolonged period. This research was carried out to evaluate the management outcome in Type-1 diabetes adolescents in Calabar, Nigeria. Nineteen (19) diabetic adolescent patients attending selected clinics in Calabar and another 19 age-and-sex matched healthy adolescents were recruited for this research. Glycaemic control was assessed using fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and Glycated haemoglobin concentration (HbAic%). Anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI) in adolescent Diabetes mellitus (DM) and control groups were also measured. Blood pressure in diabetic and control subjects were equally measured. Mean age of diabetic male and female were not statistically significant compared with male and female control groups. Average age of onset of illness in diabetic males and females were also not significant, and the same result was observed in duration of illness. Findings revealed that baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbAIC%) values of the diabetic adolescents were significantly (P<0.001) higher than values in control group. There was a significant (P<0.01) decrees in anthropometric parameters of diabetics compared with controls. Significant negative correlation was observed between father's educational status and FBG (r= -0.546*) and negative correlation in glycated haemoglobin (HbAIC %) (r= -0.464*) levels in diabetic group. Glycated haemoglobin appeared to be a very dependable marker for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adolescents. Adolescent female diabetics have better management outcome compared to males. Combined therapy and insulin therapy resulted in improved glycaemic control and general wellbeing.


Gene Ontology (GO), one of the fastest growing bioinformatics projects, seeks to capture the most complete knowledge about gene related products. Over the past few years, many semantic similarity measures have been proposed based on various aspects of the GO, such as the corpus-based information content of the terms or distance between the terms. In this work, we first introduce the concept of structural information content (IC) and structural least common ancestor (LCA). We then use these concepts as part of a hybrid approach to propose a novel semantic similarity measure, known as Hybrid Structural Similarity (HSS) that depends only on the structure of the ontology and not on external annotation corpus. We have carried out extensive experimentation using the entire protein interaction database of S. cerevisiae (yeast) and compared HSS against other popular methods. The results show that in all except two cases, our method is able to outperform all methods by a significant margin. Further, our method is dynamic and responds dynamically to the term additions and updates in the ontology.


Structural reassignment: A total synthesis of the proposed structure of (-)-laurefurenyne A has been accomplished that relies on organocatalytic aldehyde α-chlorination and a flexible chlorohydrin-based strategy for stereocontrolled access to the bis-tetrahydrofuran core of the natural product. Analysis of incongruities between the (1) H NMR spectra of synthetic and natural material led to a configurational reassignment for the natural product, which was also confirmed by total synthesis.


date ofthe appearance of the areola, the continuance ofthe same the date of the falling off of the scab, etc. Certificates expressirng particulars would thus become documents of value, enabling physicians, in future year, to judge for themselves of the nature of the pock that their patients had had in infancy. We frequently see persons suffering under variola that have been previously vaccinated; but we have, at present, no means of knowing whether these persons have had the true cow-pock. Another suggestion is that ever-y registrar shonld be required to ascertain, by reference to the directory, that the practitioner signing thie certificate is really a qualified medical man. If certificates be loosely received (as they now are for deaths, in many instances), no dependence can be placed upon their accuracy. I am, etc., FRED. JAMES BnowN, M.D. Chatham, September 3rd, 1853. [Dr. B3rovn ought to press his important suggestions in the proper qutarter. From the tenor of ouir correspondence, however, we featr that the Ynaceinattion Act is douinedto prove afailure. El. ]


Simulations with trace dataset and synthetic movement models are the two main methods for measuring routing protocols and QoS schemes in Opportunistic Networks. But the trace dataset cannot meet the needs of all situations and it is notoriously difficult to be collected. Traditional synthetic movement models are easy to be used, but they do not capture the detailed mobile characteristics of the human. We propose a social aggregation based combination movement model for Opportunistic Networks simulations. In our model, we use several adjustable random distribution generators to generate time-variant mobility parameters and build multiple sub-models to describe more detailed human behavior. By combining those sub-models, which based on a reasonable combination mechanism, one can reproduce complex human activities. So, routing protocols and applications can be tested on our model. We compare our model with different trace datasets and traditional movement models in the Opportunistic Networks Environment (ONE) simulator. Simulation results demonstrate that the model has higher accuracy than traditional movement models and its mobility pattern approximates to real trace datasets.


We consider a pursuit-evasion problem where some lions have the task to clear a grid graph whose nodes are initially contaminated. The contamination spreads one step per time unit in each direction not blocked by a lion. A vertex is cleared from its contamination whenever a lion moves to it. Brass et al. [5] showed that n/2 lions are not enough to clear the n x n-grid. In this paper, we consider the same problem in dimension d > 2 and prove that Θ(nd-1/√d) lions are necessary and sufficient to clear the nd-grid. Furthermore, we analyze a problem variant where the lions are also allowed to jump from grid vertices to non-adjacent grid vertices.


A method comprising: transmitting a data block, the data block received, the received data block check succeeded or failed; data block acknowledgment bitmap at specific intervals in the received. A bit of the bitmap corresponds to a block of data to be transmitted at least one, and a value indicating success or failure of the data transfer bit. It is retransmitted in accordance with the failure of the bitmap block transfer. The method includes determining a set of validation algorithm, the set of algorithms includes a method of each of the bitmap data block for the received configuration; maintaining that have not been successfully received data on the reception has not been acknowledged or number of blocks; to start the confirmation of the algorithm in accordance with an algorithm to select the number of data blocks. At any given moment Confirm functions can be applied to the temporary transfer case.


The purpose of this study was to examine changes implemented by public school district personnel in response to the Newtown school shooting that occurred on December 14, 2012. The researcher used the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) to gather quantitative data from district and school leaders at the elementary, middle, and high school levels in rural, urban, and suburban school districts in Connecticut. The survey was used to research school practices and programs, school security staff, and staff training implemented prior to and after December 14, 2012. In addition, the researcher examined the impact on school and district budgets before and after December 14, 2012. This study represented the first time that the SSOCS was specifically used to gather data from school leaders as they assessed their practices before and after a major elementary school shooting. The research study sample included 36 districts and 117 schools. The researcher conducted paired samples t-tests, McNemar tests, and multiple linear regression analyses to measure the impact of the incident. The predictor variables included school grade level, school type (rural, urban, suburban), student enrollment, diversity percentage, and free or reduced lunch percentage.


This article is devoted to a Log improvement of Prodi-Serrin criterion for global regularity to solutions to Navier-Stokes equations in dimension 3. It is shown that the global regularity holds under the condition that |u|/(log(1+|u|)) is integrable in space time variables. keywords: Navier-Stokes, regularity criterion, a priori estimates MSC: 35B65, 76D03, 76D05


In its quest to spread the Bolshevik revolution around the world, the Communist International (Comintern) sought to create a strong leadership culture among communist parties. This article examines the experience of the Spanish Communist Party (PCE). It shifts the focus away from a traditional concern with the individual or collective characters and capabilities of leaders, towards an analysis of the everyday characteristics and behaviours required of leaders, what they signified and the degree to which the PCE conformed in practice to 'Leninist' archetypes. While there was an active acceptance within the PCE of the need to emulate the Bolshevik example, the specifically Spanish cultural and political environment in which party leaders operated also exerted a powerful influence. Consequently, the PCE only ever partially conformed to the Comintern's leadership doctrines, and its leaders inevitably fell short of Bolshevik ideals.


For the United States,cultural and educational exchange activities have long been initiated and carried on by private organizations and individuals.Until 1938,the founding of Division of Cultural Relations indicated the American government began committing to implementing "cultural diplomacy".The US attempted to promote mutual understanding between itself and other countries through exchange of ideas,information,art and other elements of culture.After the outbreak of the Pacific War at the end of 1941,in order to help China to resist Japan's offense,alleviate the threat to the US,thereby winning the victory,the U.S.State Department embarked on an educational and cultural exchange program particularly targeted at China.


This paper reports dreams of two ll1ale homosexuals which shed light upon the psychodynalnics and the predicament of this deviant type of Inan. Following Adler, I see in these dreams an attempt of the dreamer to cope with problems which confront him. And he does so in a way that is characteristic of his particular style of life. The interpreting psychologist can therefore look in two directions: (a) for the style of life, for strivings that may have caused the dreamer's emotional disturbance, perhaps even contributed to his becoming a h01110sexual; (b) for those problelns which, at the time of the dreams, were preoccupying the drean1er. It is the author's observation that aside from individual differences of life style and present probleIns, there is one common reality factor which torments every homosexual, even though he may, due to overcompensation, deny it, i.e., the social discrimination against the homosexual by the normal majority. This is brought out in a striking lnanner by one of the dreams described below (Albert's dream about Haifa), and leads to the considerations of the third part of this paper.


Breast biopsy serves as the key diagnostic tool in the evaluation of breast masses for malignancy, yet the procedure affects patients physically and emotionally and may obscure results of future mammograms. Studies show that high quality ultrasound can distinguish a benign from malignant lesions with accuracy, however, it has proven difficult to teach and clinical results are highly variable. The purpose of this study is to develop a means to optimize an automated Computer Aided Imaging System (CAIS) to assess Level of Suspicion (LOS) of a breast mass. We examine the contribution of 15 object features to lesion classification by calculating the Wilcoxon area under the ROC curve, AW, for all combinations in a set of 146 masses with known findings. For each interval A, the frequency of appearance of each feature and its combinations with others was computed as a means to find an "optimum" feature vector. The original set of 15 was reduced to 6 (area, perimeter, diameter ferret Y, relief, homogeneity, average energy) with an improvement from Aw=0.82∓0.04 for the original 15 to Aw=0.93∓0.02 for the subset of 6, p=0.03. For comparison, two sub-specialty mammography radiologists also scored the images for LOS resulting in Az of 0.90 and 0.87. The CAIS performed significantly higher, p=0.02.


The eigenvalue problem for the Laplace operator is numerical investigated using the boundary integral equation (BIE) formulation. Three methods of discretization are given and illustrated with numerical examples.


Bangladesh, a small developing country in South Asia, has been in energy crisis for long time that reduces country's economic growth potential. Bangladesh can actively consider a distributed power generation system alongside of its central and conventional supply system of electric power. This paper explores electricity demand and partial fulfillment of that demand through grid-connected PV system. It was found that if Bangladesh was to generate 5% of its total electricity demand by solar energy by 2020, it could be achieved by exploiting only 13% of her total technical potential. Life cycle cost analysis shows the cost of energy from gridconnected PV system is 25.5 US cents/KWh, which is much higher than the cost of electricity generated from combined cycle gas turbine. Considering the externality benefit of solar PV systems, the government should offer 30-40% of total installation cost as subsidy. This subsidy requires the government to allocate 1-1.5% of total government budget from 2010 to 2020.


Introduction: Exercise intolerance is a hallmark feature of human heart failure (HF); however, the underlying mechanisms and subsequent treatment strategies remain unresolved. We have previously de...


Flow assurance is increasingly challenging as the oil and gas industry is moving towards deeper water and longer transport distances. Formation of hydrate and ice plugs in the pipelines will have major cost impact and must be avoided as removal of plugs is a challenging and time consuming operation. At deeper water plug removal by depressurization may be impossible. As a mitigation measure active heating may be applied. Direct Electrical Heating (DEH) is now in use on several pipelines on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Studies are being carried out for application of this method as a retrofit installation, to be performed from a vessel for the cable installation and power supply to the heating system. A retrofit DEH system may be used in an emergency situation where hydrate and ice plug removal is required. When installing the DEH cable along the pipeline it is important to keep the distance (gap) to the pipeline small in order to limit the required supply current. Installation evaluation confirms that a maximum average gap of 0.5 meters between cable and pipeline is feasible. Calculation of required current and voltage confirms compliance with established cable design. In this paper an assessment on retrofit DEH for ice plug melting in deep water is made. Results from FEM analyses confirm the feasibility of melting ice plugs with DEH even for large diameter pipelines with high U-values. Dynamic analysis using state-of-the-art FEM shows that a cable without metallic armour can be designed to bear its own weight in rough weather during deep water installation and be connected to the pipeline using an ROV.