Islamic banking in Indonesia was able to survive in the midst of the onslaught of the covid-19 pandemic that damaged the world's economic order, this can be seen from the average NPF value of Islamic banking in Indonesia which shows that it is still in the healthy category.This study aims to analysis the factors that influence the number of non-performing financing in Central Java is relatively high. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with a social phenomenology approach.Data collection was obtained from interviews with employee and customer informants of Bank Syariah Indonesia.This study show that the increase in non-performing financing is caused by the effects of social policies issued by the government during a pandemic that makes unemployment in Indonesia increase, business actors (SMEs) experience bankruptcy due to decreased income, which ultimately has an impact on financing defaults.


Amy Sequenzia is a non-speaking autistic woman with cerebral palsy and seizure disorder, but the last thing she needs is your pity and the last thing she wants is to be your "inspiration." Amy is proud of who she is: a writer, an activist, a difference maker. And she is also proudly autistic, to the point that when asked, "If you could wave a magic wand and make your autism 'disappear,' would you?" she replies, "I would break the wand before anyone could wave it." Amy has synesthesia and experiences music as color. Music also enables her to experience bodily sensations that she claims would otherwise be unavailable to her. "I am usually not very aware of my body," she writes. "To simply get up from a chair is sometimes hard, as if my body forgets how to move . . . . So when I feel the music inside my body, when I feel my blood running with the music, it is an amazing thing."


Somaclonal variation breeding was a new applicable method of cell engineering under breeding after pollen and anther culture . Somaclonal variation was a universal phenomenon under tissue culture in plant , many variations were heritable . Variations (or recombinations ) which was observed under normal induced matation and cross-breeding have been discovered in regenerate-plants . Since 1980s , a lot of encouraging research development have been obtained about somaclonal variation breeding , and a lot of new crops have been cultured in China.The conception and charaterics of somaclonal variation breeding , and its genetic bases as well as methods of selection and genetic appraisal,were discussed.


The "War on Terror" and the Framework of International Law. By Helen Duffy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 488 pp., $110.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-521-83850-9), $50.00 paper (ISBN: 0-521-54735-0).

In his January 25, 2002 memo to President Bush on the applicability of the Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War to the Al-Qaeda and Taliban detainees, then-Counsel to the President Alberto Gonzalez said, "this new paradigm [the war against terrorism] renders obsolete Geneva's strict limitations on questioning of enemy prisoners" (Gonzales 2002:2; see also Dycus et al. 2005:53). Three years later, the Bush administration reiterated this view that international law is not only inadequate but also dangerous in its 2005 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America (US Department of Defense 2005:5; see also Heymann 2006:86). That document describes the use of international fora, judicial processes, and terrorism as strategies of the weak and sources of vulnerability for the United States. Although she does not directly refer to these statements in The "War on Terror" and the Framework of International Law , Helen Duffy challenges this perception by clearly and methodically explaining how international law provides a necessary and adequate framework for addressing "the scourge of terrorism" (p. 451). As she explains, "promoting respect for international law is essential to ensuring that the 'war on terror' does not score a devastating goal by eroding permanently the rule of law and the international standards that protect us all" (p. 451).

A lawyer and legal director for the International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights, Duffy describes the role, relevance, and parameters of international law as it applies to the events of September 11 and responses thereto. She uses a standard legal format: first stating what the law says, and then examining how it applies to various aspects of the war on terror. By not assuming that the reader has prior understanding of international law, Duffy makes this …


Recent development in the measurement field has led to the development of various measures for the purpose of constructing and validating assessment instruments. One of such is the most popular 'item response theory (IRT)'. Various models have been developed for the IRT of which the one parameter logistic model (1PLM) is part. This paper gives a brief overview of the 1PLM focusing on explaining the theoretical perspectives, the assumptions underlying it, the item characteristic curve as well as an illustrative example in the calculation of the 1PLM. The model promises to be one effective way of examining the relationship between examinees ability and his/her performance on a given task and a potential guide for test development. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Item response theory (IRT) has become a very popular topic in the measurement field. It is being used by many test publishers, departments of education, in industrial and professional organizations for the purpose of testing. Item Response Theory (IRT) is a modeling technique that tries to describe the relationship between an examinee's test performance and the latent trait underlying the performance (Hernard, 2000). This theory postulates that (a) an examinee test performance can be explained by a set of factors called traits, latent traits, or abilities and (b) the relationship between examinee test performance and the set of traits assumed to be influencing test performance can be described by a monotonically increasing function called an item characteristics function (Hambleton, 1982). IRT assumes that there is a single ability or dominant factor that explains performance, this ability parameter is often denoted as 0. In IRT, item parameter estimates are generated and used to describe the test items, while ability estimates are obtained to describe the performance of the examinees. Item response models are known to generate invariant item statistics and ability estimates such that the item parameter estimates are not dependent on the characteristics of the examinees and the ability estimates are not dependent on the items. The two desirable features of IRT are obtainable when an item response model fits a test data. Item response theory employs three different models viz. the one -, two -, and three parameter model. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief discussion of the one parameter model. The focus will be on explaining the theoretical perspective of one parameter logistic model (IPLM), its assumptions, item characteristic curve and an illustrative example of the calculation of IPLM will also be shown. THEORETICAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT The item response model was built based on the normal ogive, which is a standardized form of an ogive. An ogive or a cumulative frequency polygon, or cumulative percentage is the graph of Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol.4, Issue 24 Dec-2017 Copyright © Society for Science and Education, United Kingdom 127 cumulative frequency distribution which is particularly useful in determining the various percentile point in a distribution of scores (Hinkle, Wiersma and Jurs, 1998). The normal ogive also called the normal frequency function (f.f) even when the ordinate (vertical axis) is defined as frequency, proportion, percent or density has the formula: 6(0,1) or 6 0,1 = $ -> ? @A B @ ƶ D D ? A EƵ 1.1 The definition has an integral sign ∫ on the right side which means that no algebraic function can be found to describe the normal ogive. This makes working with the normal curve very cumbersome mathematically and thus require numerical method to solve, or a table of values. The tediousness usually experienced in the calculation of the normal ogive for item response theory (IRT) modeling has led to the use of logistic frequency function as a complimentary procedure to the normal ogive (Crocker and Algina, 1986). The logistic frequency function used also has a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1.0. The formula for this logistic frequency function (l.f.f.) is given as: F 0,1.7 I A = J JKLMJ.Nƶ 1.2 The 1.7 in the exponent is chosen to allow the logistic frequency function to approximate the normal frequency function as closely as possible, and in some cases represented by the upper case letter D. The letter e is the base of natural logarithms: e ≈ 2.118281828. Since the logistic ogive has no integral sign in its definition, it is very easy to work with and usually substituted as a convenient and very close approximation of the normal ogive. The logistic item response model (LIRM) is a monotonic S curve, increasing from left to right, always gets higher and higher, never completely horizontal and never gets down. The LIRM has a lower and upper asymptote indicating that it will never be equals to 1 or 0 at any point in time. An example of a normal ogive is illustrated in figure 1. Figure 1: Normal ogive As seen in this figure, between -2.0 and -0.5 on the horizontal axis, the ogive is concave upward and between 0.5 and 2.0 it is concave downward. At a point between -0.5 and 0.5 the ogive changes from being concave upward to being concave downward and that point is called Umobong, M. E. (2017). The One-Parameter Logistic Model (1PLM) And Its Application In Test Development. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, (424) 126-137. 128 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.424.3938. "inflection point" (Baker, 2001). The inflection point is the point where the slope of the ogive is at its maximum and for this ogive it is located at 0.50 on the vertical axis and 0.0 on the horizontal axis. In IRT, the horizontal position of the inflection point is called the "b-parameter" also called the item difficulty parameter or threshold and represents the point on the ability scale Ø (the horizontal axis), where an individual has 50 percent probability of answering correctly the item. The inflection point is always halfway between the lower and upper asymptotes (Baker, 2001; Courville, 2004). Logistic item response models are simply a form of logistic regression and Courville (2004) explained that the theory behind logistics regression is that if the dependent variable is a set of dichotomized scores, then it is possible to set the probability of a particular score. Thus with a single independent variable, the probability equation is given as: 3(∅) = P QRKQ∅ $S PQTKQU∅ 1.3 This can be represented as: 3(∅) = $ $S PM(QTKQU∅) 1.4 Where Bo is the y intercept and Bi is the slope of the function derived by a mathematical relationship between the independent and the dependent variable, e represents the base of the natural logarithm approximated as 2.178 (NORUSIS, 1990). The above equation can be extended to include multiple independent variables depending on the model that is used. The focus of IRT on item level information can be derived from the logistic equation. Since the concern is with the ability scale called ∅, then the horizontal axis can be represented by Ø and substituted for z in the normal ogive or l.f.f. The b-parameter can also be included by estimating it from the horizontal axis variable. The Ø parameter ranges from -3 to +3. The relationship between the latent ability parameter (Ø) and the probability of a particular score is a nonlinear function. For the one-parameter model, the function is often given as: 3(∅V) = P WX(∅MYU) $S PWX(∅MYU) 1.5 A look at this function will show its similarity with the single parameter logistic regression, with the D representing a constant usually set to 1.7. The bi represent the item difficulty, the Ø parameter represents the level of the ability or latent trait measured for examinee. The higher the Ø values, the higher the examinee ability level measured by the item (Crocker and Algina, 1986). For the one-parameter model the population distribution of the underlying ability or latent trait are conceived as being normally distributed in the population with a mean of zero and variance of one. The b parameter or item difficulty also called threshold helps in determining the position of the logistic curve along the ability scale. The further the curve is to the right, the more difficult the item will be. The 'a" parameter is the slope or item discrimination parameter representing the degree to which item response varies with ability Ø. For the one-parameter model, the item discrimination parameter is assumed to be constant. The one parameter model is often referred to as the Rasch model and is sometimes represented as: 3(ZV = 1/∅V) = $ $S P[MX ∅MYU ] 1.6 Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol.4, Issue 24 Dec-2017 Copyright © Society for Science and Education, United Kingdom 129 Which expresses that the probability of a correct (Yi = 1) response to an item i is a function of ability of the examinee (Ø), the threshold or difficulty parameter bi and the discrimination parameter a. the slope as mentioned earlier is fixed at 1 for all items. CHARACTERIZATION OF ONE PARAMETER LOGISTIC (IPL) MODEL The mathematical models employed in IRT assume that an examinee's probability of answering correctly a given item depends on the examinees ability and the characteristics of the item. Examinees ability is considered the major characteristics of the person and is denoted as ∅, it is also called the ability parameter. The ability parameter is conceived of as an underlying, unobservable latent construct or trait that helps an individual to perform or answer correctly an item. Also embedded in this model is the characteristic of the item also known as the item parameters. IRT is regarded as an improvement in measurement due to its ability to generate item parameters that are invariant. Basically, there are three characteristics of an item response model but the most commonly used IRT models which is the 1 parameter is built off a single item parameter giving it the name the 1 – parameter model. This single parameter is the item difficulty, also referred to as the threshold


A 22-years-old woman, without relevant medical history, was hospitalized with a 10-days history of jaundice and epigastric pain. Laboratory test revealed 5,920 leukocytes/mm, 448,000 platelets/mm, bilirubin 3.4 mg/dL, aspartate aminotransferase 153 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase 405 IU/L, gamma-glutamyl transferase 188 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 486 IU/L. A linear EUS was performed with Pentax EG-3870UTK® and HITACHI-Preirus®, demonstrating numerous pancreatic homogeneous hypoechoic lesions (Fig. 1), measuring from 4 to 20 mm, with a homogenous blue elastographic pattern and a strain ratio of 35.33 (Fig. 2). Microcholedocholitiasis and an upstream dilated common biliary duct due to an extrinsic compression by a pancreatic mass were also detected. Several subepithelial gastric lesions, with a central scar (Fig. 3), well-limited, homogeneous and hypoechoic, originated from mucosa and muscularis mucosae layer were also identified (Fig. 4). Biopsies were taken from these subepithelial lesions, giving the diagnosis of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A multidetector-CT-scan confirmed previous finding. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed, and a 5 cm-10Fr plastic biliary stent was placed. The patient was submitted to Hematology Department, and started with a specific chemotherapy strategy.


A computer simulation program has been developed for the purpose of evaluating the dynamic operational characteristics of refuse collection crews employed on a constant length workday basis. The constant length workday simulation program was used to evaluate the overall performance of the collection crews, the quality and unit costs of the service provided to the service area (dollars/ton, dollars/service/week, percentage on-time collection), under different operational policies. Policies related to the use of overtime, the use of a relay driver for hauling the last load of the day, the average quantity of refuse assigned per crew, and the assigned total length of workday, were evaluated for a hypothetical service area. Unit cost expressed as dollars/service/week is preferable to unit cost expressed as dollars/ton in assessing the cost of refuse collection.


Japanese private higher education has developed very well and so many private colleges and universities are famous all over the world.Compared with Japan,Chinese private higher education need to be developed greatly.This paper,through a review of the development of Japanese private higher education,concludes that many of the practices conducted by Japanese private educational institutions are useful to us.For example,their governmental legislation of private higher education and the governmental substantial support for private colleges and universities;and their expansion of multi-functions of higher education,the diversities of their enrollment system,and their countermeasures for the educational quality descending etc.


This paper presents a novel approach to acquire dynamic whole-body movements on humanoid robots focused on learning a control policy for the center of mass. A policy-gradient method is used to acquire a CoM movement as a control policy for achieving a desired dynamic task. A CoM-Jacobian-based redundancy resolution is then used to compute angular velocities for all joints in order to achieve a whole-body movement consistent with the CoM movement acquired through learning. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we apply it in simulation to the learning of a strong punching movement on the Fujitsu humanoid robot, Hoap-2.


A method for coating a substrate, the method comprising the steps of: applying at least one first layer of a base coating composition, curing at ambient conditions, to a substrate; quickly dry to force the basecoating composition to air at ambient temperature; applying at least one first layer of a clear coating composition, curing at ambient conditions, the layer of basecoat composition; curing the clearcoat composition; and polishing the transparent coating within minutes after application; wherein the method is substantially free of the use of applied heat or thermal or actinic radiation to facilitate curing of the compositions of the basecoat or clearcoat.


Scatter correction is an essential data correction in quantitative PET imaging. In this work, a prototype of single scatter simulation using fast Monte-Carlo method (MC-SSS) for scatter estimate scaling instead of tail fitting was evaluated concurrently with the existing single-scatter simulation (SSS) algorithm. Reconstructions with both MC-SSS and SSS were performed on phantom and patient data collected with the Philips Ingenuity TF PET/MR scanner. Activity values and line profiles were measured in the phantom studies while patient studies were evaluated in terms of contrast differences, artifact reduction and time-activity-curve (TAC) consistency. The phantom studies show that MC-SSS and SSS do not result in large systematic over- or underestimation of scatter, with mean difference up to 5.7 %, where MC-SSS produces systematically higher values. In patient studies, an improvement in image contrast and TAC consistency is seen with the MC-SSS over SSS. MC-SSS effectively eliminates scatter artifacts near the bladder compared to SSS. In specific conditions, where tail fitting quality of SSS might not be optimal, MC-SSS outperforms SSS, as seen in the patient study.


Objective: To explore the role of Notch-1 in the tumorigenesis and progression of human esophageal carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adjacent normal tissue (the normal esophageal mucosa being at least 5 cm apart from the edge of the tumor) specimens were collected in our hospital between April 2008 and September 2008.A total of 41 cases were examined by RT-PCR to detect the relative expression intensity of Notch-1 gene at the mRNA level Also,the differences in Notch-1 relative expression intensity between tumor and normal tissue were analyzed.Moreover,its relationship to the clinicopathological features,such as depth of tumor invasion (T),lymph node metastasis (N),TNM stage,and degree of differentiation,was also assessed.Results: (1) Notch-1 electrophoretic bands could be seen in all specimens,indicating that Notch-1 gene was expressed in all specimens at the mRNA level.(2) Semi-quantitative analysis showed that the relative expression intensity of Notch-1 in ESCC was 0.51± 0.37,while in adjacent normal tissue it was 0.32±0.20,with a significant difference (t=3.52,P=0.001).(3) After stratification by the clinicopathologic features mentioned above,significant differences in Notch-1 expression between ESCC and adjacent normal tissue were found in all sub-groups.However,in ESCC,there was no significant difference among sub-groups. Conclusion: Notch-1 may play a role in ESCC tumorigenesis but may be unrelated to the progression of ESCC.


This paper is about two bronze Celtiberian tesserae hospitales from a Portuguese private collection and of unknown provenance. Given their paleographic features, they probably come from different places, both in central Spain.


1 Positron emission tomography (PET) with appropriate radioligands offers the possibility of studying receptors non‐invasively in man. The suitability of CGP 12177, a hydrophilic non‐selective β‐adrenoceptor antagonist which can be labelled with the positron emitter 11C, as a ligand for in vivo studies of β‐adrenoceptors was assessed in rats. 2 [3H]‐CGP 12177 was injected into the tail veins of restrained conscious rats. Serial blood samples were taken from tail arteries to determine clearance from plasma. Rats were killed and tissues removed to determine tissue uptake. Radioactivity was assessed by liquid scintillation counting. 3 The uptake of (−)‐[3H]‐CGP 12177 in various tissues was compared to that of (±)‐[3H]‐CGP 12177. Maximum tissue:plasma ratios obtained for the (−)‐enantiomer in lung, heart and liver were 170, 42 and 13 compared with 60, 15 and 12 for the racemate. Prior injection of excess unlabelled (±)‐CGP 12177 blocked the uptake of both (−)‐ and (±)‐[3H]‐CGP 12177 in lung and heart but not liver, tissue:plasma ratios for both tracers being reduced to 7, 3 and 7 respectively. 4 Clearance of (−)‐[3H]‐CGP 12177 from plasma was rapid during the first 5 min but showed only small changes during 5 to 90 min. Uptake in lung and heart reached a maximum at 1 to 5 min and showed a slow decrease during 5–90 min. Prior injection of unlabelled (±)‐CGP 12177 reduced uptake in lung and heart to 10% and 20% respectively. Injection of unlabelled (±)‐CGP 12177 at 15 min displaced ∼75% of the radioactivity by 90 min. 5 (±)‐Propranolol had a similar effect to that of unlabelled (±)‐CGP 12177. Prior injection reduced uptake of radioactivity in lung and heart to 15% and 20% respectively. Injection of (±)‐propranolol at 15 min displaced ∼60% of the radioactivity by 90 min indicating that the tracer binds to β‐adrenoceptor sites in vivo. 6 In vivo saturation curves, obtained by injection of (−)‐[3H]‐CGP 12177 with increasing amounts of unlabelled (−)‐CGP 12177, gave values of Bmax for lung of ∼45 pmol per g wet weight of tissue and for heart of ∼ 6 pmol per g wet weight of tissue. KD could only be expressed as nmol injected per kg body weight, that for lung (2.5 nmol kg−1) being greater than that for heart (1.3 nmol kg−1). 7 Competition studies carried out by co‐injecting (−)‐[3H]‐CGP 12177 with unlabelled (±)‐CGP 12177 or (−)‐propranolol gave similar values for Bmax (lung 44 pmol g−1, heart 6 pmol g−1,). Values of KD for (±)‐CGP 12177 (lung 4.7 pmol kg−1, heart 2.6 pmol kg−1) were approximately twice those for (−)‐CGP 12177. Values of KD for (−)‐propranolol (lung 38 nmol kg−1, heart 104 nmol kg−1) were greater. 8 The results show that (−)‐[3H]‐CGP 12177 is a suitable ligand for assessing β‐adrenoceptors in vivo.


The author considers the social-philosophical analysis of the objective grounds of population mass migration from countries with the low standard of living to developed countries, discusses the reasons of the specific reflection of the problems of national relations transformation and the fall in manpower value in the social consciousness of indigenous population in host countries, and comes to the conclusion that global migration processes are a modified form of the global contradictions manifestation of transnational capital.


The biosynthetic mechanism of 6-methyloctanoic and isooctanoic acids, which are present in the amide linkage with the α-amino group of the terminal α, γ-diaminobutyric acid residue of colistin A and B, respectively was investigated. From the isotopic experiments using isoleucine-U-14C, valine-U-14C and acetic acid-2-14C, it was concluded that 6-methyloctanoic and isooctanoic acids were derived from isoleucine and valine, respectively.Amino acids pooled in colistin-producing cells grown in the synthetic medium were abundant in isoleucine, valine and leucine, which were probable precursors of the abovedescribed fatty acid components of colistin and cellular fatty acids. On the other hand, 6-methyloctanoic and isooctanoic acids were not found in the cellular fatty acids, while C-15 and C-16 branched chain fatty acids usually found in Bacillus sp. were abundantly contained in the cells, indifferently of an improved capacity of colistin formation.


The thesis considers that theory of the science of administration is completely applied to scientific administration of library.On the basis of that,the author summarizes that the scientific administration of library concerns the administration of organization,personnel (librarians and readers),materials (documentation and information resources) and systematic managerial information.


2 Deep Learning (DP) models have been successfully applied to detect and predict failures in rotating machines. However, these models are often based on the supervised learning paradigm and require annotated data with operational status labels (e.g. normal or failure). Furthermore, machine measurement data is not commonly labeled by industry because of the manual and specialized effort that they require. In situations where labels are nonexistent or cannot be developed, unsupervised machine learning has been successfully applied for pattern recognition in large and multivariate datasets. Thus, instead of experts labeling a large amount of structured and/or non-structured data instances (also referred to as Big Data), unsupervised machine learning allows the annotation of the dataset from the few underlying interesting patterns detected. Therefore, we evaluate the performance of six unsupervised learning algorithms for the identification of anomalous patterns from a turbogenerator installed and operating in an oil and gas platform. The algorithms were C-AMDATS, Luminol Bitmap, SAX-REPEAT, k-NN, Bootstrap, and Robust Random Cut Forest. The evaluation performance was quantitatively calculated with seven classification metrics. The C-AMDATS algorithm was able to effectively and better detect the anomalous patterns, and it presented an accuracy of 99%, which leverages the further development of supervised DL models.


We analyze a time series of velocities of the solar wind plasma stream including Alfvenic fluctuations measured in situ by the Helios spacecraft in the inner heliosphere, which is the region of space dominated by the solar wind flow. We calculate the generalized dimensions directly from the cleaned experimental signal. The resulting spectrum of dimensions shows multifractal structure of the solar wind in the inner heliosphere. The obtained multifractal spectrum is consistent with that for the multifractal measure on the self‐similar weighted Cantor set.


The goal of the present report is to qualitatively compare the quality of depth maps generated by selected automatic depth map generators available at [3]. Focus is given on what are believed to be the four best automatic depth map generators, namely, DMAG2 [4] (an implementation of "Adaptive support-weight approach for correspondence search" by Yoon et al. [14]), DMAG5 [5] (an implementation of "Fast cost-volume filtering for visual correspondence and beyond" by Rhemann et al." [13]), DMAG6 [6] ("Efficient belief propagation for early vision" by Felzenszwalb et al. [11]), and DMAG7 [7] (an implementation of "Fast Bilateral-Space Stereo for Synthetic Defocus" by Barron et al. [2, 1, 10]). The comparison is purely qualitative, that is, it is based solely on what the depth maps obtained look like (no ground truth depth maps available). The stereo pairs used to generate the depth maps were all taken with an HTC Evo 3d cell phone (baseline is about 30 mm). They all have the same dimensions: 1920x1080 (two megapixels). The first section briefly presents the methodology behind each of the automatic depth map generators that are gonna be tested as well as the parameters used. The second section shows the depth maps generated by each depth map generator for each stereo pair that was used in the testing. This reports ends with a discussion about the results and a comparison between the depth map generators is attempted.


Patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) have a high risk of central nervous system metastasis (mCNS). The purpose of this study was to quantify the incidence of and identify risk factors for mCNS in patients with IBC.


Spectrophotometer is an instrument for measuring the transmittance or absorbance of a sample as a function of wavelength and measurement of sample series at a particular wavelength. One spectrophotometer working principle is based on the phenomenon of light absorption by specific chemical species in the ultra violet and visible light (visible) .This material used raw in this lab is papaya. Papaya leaves are the leaves of papaya tree that has the amino acid level is quite high. Amino acid is one of the 20 most common types of monomers used in the formation of proteins. One function of amino acids is to help improve the process of ammonia detoxification by the liver. Amino acids can be found in fruits, vegetables and meat. In this study was observed 5 variables: the ratio of solvent extract with 10: 1, variable concentrations of 10-30 ppm standard solution and the wavelengths of 400-420 nm. Generate optimum levels of the amino acid is at a concentration of 15 with a wavelength of 420 nm.
 The things that affect the results of the lab is the cleanliness of the cuvette as it can cause errors in the reading of absorbance and transmittance.

Keywords: Spectrophotometer, Papaya Leaf, Amino Acids


FODEM (FOrmative DEvelopment Method) is a design method for developing digital learning environments for widely dispersed learning communities. These are communities in which the geographical distribution and density of learners is low when compared to the kind of learning communities in which there is a high distribution and density of learners (such as those that exist in urban areas where courses are developed and taken by hundreds or thousands of learners who are simultaneously present in the area). Since only limited resources can be allocated for the design of a digital learning environment for widely dispersed learning communities, it is necessary to use what limited funds are available to obtain valid feedback from stakeholders and to utilize such feedback in an optimal way. In terms of the FODEM model, the design process consists of asynchronous development threads with three interrelated components: (1) needs analysis, (2) implementation, and (3) formative evaluation. In needs analysis, both theory and practice are used to define specifications for the environment. In implementation, fast prototyping in authentic learning settings is emphasized. Finally, formative evaluation is used to evaluate the use of the environment within the thread. FODEM has been applied to develop ViSCoS (Virtual Studies of Computer Science) online studies and LEAP (LEArning Process companion) digital learning too in the rural regions of Finland where the population is geographically widely dispersedly.


This study describes the ability of green kyllinga weed extract (GKWE) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as catalysts for the removal of congo red (CR) dye from synthetic coloring wastewater. AgNPs were synthesized using GKWE as a reducing agent, resulting in the formation of AgNPs with an average size of 17.64 nm. For the catalytic study, the experiment was carried out in batch mode. Different parameters such as the effect of pH, amount of AgNPs as a catalyst, initial CR dye concentration, and amount of GKWE were evaluated for the removal of CR dye for 30 mins reaction times. The CR removal was achieved between 91.2% and 96.7% at the optimum condition which is at pH 2, 0.5 mL of 2 mM AgNPs as a catalyst, 60-100 mg/L of initial CR dye concentration, and 1 mL amount of GKWE were used. The result showed that the combination between GKWE and AgNPs had a synergy interaction in enhancing the removal of CR dye from coloring wastewater via the coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation process.


In order to achieve a thermal efficiency in the gas turbine comparable with that realized in steam practice, a higher turbine-entry temperature is necessary.Limiting discussion to the combustion and expansion sections of the gas turbine, the paper first indicates that the use of metals in high temperature and stress conditions necessitates a new approach to component design. The phenomena of creep and fatigue assume major importance whilst pure temperature effects, such as expansion and thermal shock, are additional problems. These properties are defined and an indication is given of their significance in the design of combustion chambers, turbine wheels, and blades.Susceptibility to heat treatment, intended to induce the desired high-temperature properties, is another important factor to be considered in material selection, as are fabrication characteristics. Since the latter govern both detail and general design, the merits of forging, casting, and welding are outlined when applied to high-temperature a...


Taking the IDSS technology decision support for guilding,using design models and software prototype,source data and model and knowledge three-DB.Combined with the construction projects` economic evaluation methods.An IDSS facing the fields of construction investment is designed and realized.The Zhengzhou construction investment evaluation general corporation had test run projct's management and economic evaluation.The results showed that the effect is good.


Objective: To determine the impact of social support and job satisfaction on care workers' general well- being. Methods: Care workers from a certain grade 3A hospital in Suzhou were selected as research objects. Questionnaires were used to investigate the correlations between social support,job satisfaction and care workers' general well- being. Results: The mean score of general well- being was( 81. 27 ± 8. 58),the mean score of social support was( 33. 75 ± 5. 66) and the mean score of job satisfaction was( 16. 79 ± 3. 91). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of care workers' general well- being were subjective support and job satisfaction. Conclusions: The score of general well- being is not high. According to the main influencing factors,Hospital administrators should take effective measures to improve care workers' social support and job satisfaction.


Chiarini Testa MB, Pavone M, Bertini E, Petrone A, Pagani M, Cutrera R: Sleep-disordered breathing in spinal muscular atrophy types 1 and 2. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2005;84:666–670. Objective: Our aim was to assess the respiratory pattern during sleep in patients affected by spinal muscular atrophy types 1 and 2 and to compare their apnea-hypopnea indices with those of controls. Design: All consecutively referred patients underwent polysomnography. Sleep stages were defined as either wake, quiet sleep (QS), or active sleep (AS). As measures of thoracoabdominal coordination, we measured: phase angle during QS and AS (Ph Angle QS and AS), phase relation during inspiration and expiration during QS and AS: (Ph RIB QS, Ph RIB AS, Ph REB QS; Ph REB AS) and the apnea-hypopnea index. Results: The 14 consecutively referred infants and small children (age, 11.7 ± 11.4 mos) showed a higher apnea-hypopnea index (P < 0.001), Ph Angle QS (P < 0.001), Ph Angle AS (P < 0.001), Ph RIB QS (P < 0.001), Ph RIB AS (P < 0.001), Ph REB QS (P < 0.001), and Ph REB AS (P < 0.001) compared with 28 healthy controls (age, 10.1 ± 8.9 mos). Conclusions: Patients affected by types 1 and 2 spinal muscular atrophy had significantly higher apnea-hypopnea indices than controls. Thoracoabdominal asynchrony was present during the inspiratory and expiratory phases in both quiet and active sleep. Measures of thoracoabdominal coordination may be useful for the evaluation and monitoring of therapeutic interventions for these patients.


The purpose of the research is to integrate in the hidden curriculum of the nursing faculty of the University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS), the freedom of conscience as an ethical tool for nurses to solve ethical dilemmas. To this end, a descriptive study was carried out to find out if the nurse lived through ethical dilemmas and knew the freedom of conscience, by applying a semi-structured survey to professors, students and graduates of the nursing faculty; In this way, it could be concluded that the nurse lives ethical dilemmas frequently and does not know the freedom of conscience, so the objection of conscience does not apply in the performance of his professional work. Consequently, it is proposed to train the nursing professional in the freedom of conscience from the undergraduate level, so that he is able to reject situations that go against his moral and professional formation. Thus, the nurse will improve their working environment and will be able to protect the rights of the patient, based on human rights and the Political Constitution of Colombia


Through the use of a laminar flow loop, an ultrasound pulsed doppler device was found to accurately (±5%) measure the velocity of a viscous, opaque fluid (Xanthan Gum solution), using the entrained air (moving with the liquid) as energy reflectors. This technique was then utilized to measure the axial velocity of Xanthan Gum solutions behind cooling coil banks in two large (300 and 20 000 gal) fermentors, agitated by multiple down-pumping A315 impellers. The results indicate that, at both scales, the fluid in the annular region behind the cooling coil banks becomes completely stagnant at moderate to low agitation power (3.7 HP/1000 gal) when air is not sparged into the tank. Stagnant flow was observed at all airflow rates ≥0.1 vvm. A computational fluid dynamics (Fluent) model predicted reasonably well the actual liquid flow rate in the annular region behind the coil bank(s) of both tanks for the cases when air was not sparged. The results from an experimental design, using this Fluent model for the 20 00...


Using degenerated PCR-primers to identify known and novel BMPs that are expressed in the developing chicken heart, we identified not only BMP2, -4, and -7 mRNA, but also the TGFbeta superfamily member cVg1. The expression pattern of cVg1 mRNA was determined during chicken development from HH4 to HH44. In early developmental stages, cVg1 mRNA is expressed in the primitive streak, paraxial mesoderm, developing somites, and developing neural tube. Subsequently, cVg1 mRNA is expressed in the developing central and peripheral nervous system, retina, auditory vesicle, notochord, lung alveoli, and olfactory mucosa. In the heart, cVg1 is initially expressed through the linear heart tube, but becomes restricted to the forming chamber myocardium, in an expression domain similar to that of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA.


Good evening ladies and gentlemen and welcome to the Nineteenth Glossop Lecture.

A great many of you here this evening will already know our speaker, Dr Kevin Privett (Fig. 1). Perhaps at one stage you may have worked alongside Kevin as a fellow employee. Alternatively, perhaps you have attended course lectures presented by him (at any one of a number of universities around the UK) or, worse still, perhaps Kevin was your external examiner for your MSc in Engineering Geology! If the latter does apply to anyone in tonight's audience, you have clearly forgiven him, or maybe you are here to get your own back!

Fig. 1.
Dr Kevin Privett.

For those who haven't met Kevin before this evening, let me provide some background on a geological career spanning some 45 years.

A young Mr Privett arrived at the University of Bristol to study geology in 1974. He left as Dr Privett in 1980. Kevin's PhD entitled 'Engineering Slopes in the South Cotswolds' was undertaken under the supervision of Dr Brian Hawkins. With Brian as PhD supervisor and Professor Peter Fookes …


In this paper, the concept of competence is described according to interbehavioral psychology signaling the superiority of this approach in comparison to cognitive and behavioral models. A competence, in the interbehavioral approach, refers to the functional organization of skills in order to fulfill a type of performance criterion. To illustrate the use of this notion in educational settings, an evaluation of research competences was carried out through the analysis of 17 research reports prepared by high school professors of the University of Guadalajara. Four competences were identified considering research as a case of theoretical modulation of intervention of reality. Five types of performance criteria were described for each competence using the Ribes y Lopez (1985) taxonomy as a model. An evaluation instrument was also developed which it was used by two judges to independently evaluate the experimental reports. Results suggested that the authors of the reports could not critically use theoretical referents. Only few reports showed correspondence between data analysis and conclusions. Pros and cons of the evaluation methodology used in this work are discussed in order to outline a strategy to assess and brief research reports.


In various industrial applications there is a need for higher speed, yet reliably operating rotating machinery. A key factor in achieving this type of machinery continues to be the ability to accurately predict the dynamic response and stability of a rotor-bearing system. This paper introduces and explains the nature of rotordynamic phenomena from comparatively simple analytic models. Starting with the most simple rotor model that is supported in two rigid bearings at its ends, the more realistic and more involved cases are considered by incorporating the effects of flexible bearings. Knowledge of these phenomena is fundamental to an understanding of the behavior of complex models, which corresponds to the real rotors of turbomachines.


Abstract : Prior to World War I, the United States envisioned employing submarines in a defensive role for coastal and harbor defense. Submarines defensive role was based on the current state of U.S. submarine technology making long range open ocean operations difficult. Germany's introduction of unrestricted submarine warfare forced the U.S. Navy to reevaluate the design of its submarines to develop an offensive deep ocean (blue water) capability. The work for redesigning submarines, while carried out by contractors, was initiated by the actions of the General Board of the Navy, the primary military advisory committee to the Secretary of the Navy for all matters concerning naval operations, war plans, and responsibility for determining requirements for naval ships. As the primary driver for change, the Board evaluated current designs against evolving requirements to determine the best course for future design development. The Boards official transcripts provide detailed information regarding the considerations affecting changes to designs made during the war to understand the changes implemented. Much academic work has been devoted to the development of submarines during the interwar period, however, very little is available regarding changes initiated during the war. This study addresses the question of what changes came about during the war and the final state of submarine construction and design at the end of the war with the goal of providing historical context regarding development of naval technology and influence of operational doctrine that led to significant innovation during the interwar period.


This study reviews the Shi'a Imami political doctrine. This observation
departs from the background of the symptoms of dehumanization as a form of
humanitarian crisis raises issues that need to be outlined. Symptoms of
dehumanization in question is the negative consequences that arise from the
application of the Shi'a Imami political doctrine.
The Shi�a Imami political doctrine in this study dissected through analysis
of William James pragmatic humanism philosophy in the context of: (a) universal
awareness reflected in the consciousness of the cosmic evolutionary process that
is constantly changing and demanding humans adapt to all its potential, (b)
concept of the creation of man as a being versatile dimension to the ownership
aspect of autonomy freedom, responsibilities, and limitations to make people
think rationally, critically, and ethically, (c) the enligthen of spiritual and
intellectual mental to realize the ideal life.
From the whole process of research conducted it was concluded that: (a)
the truth of the Shi'a Imami political doctrine is doubtful because the doctrine is
not divine, but a mere human science products metamorphosed to the certain
conditions and interests, (b) the political doctrine is problematic and difficult to be
justified logically and scientifically, so it cant provide a scientific satisfaction for
its adherents, (c) the political doctrine contains elements of discrimination by
differentiating the right, the ability, and the responsibility of the Shi�a people in
creating the ideal life, (d) the doctrine depriving the Shi�a people�s freedom of
right by believing the binding and determinants doctrine.
From some of these previous conclusions, a result of the alleged
dehumanisation in Shi�a Imami political doctrine applying proven and absolutist
truth claims of Shi�a Imami political doctrine can not be justified.


Control of meat quality is a major goal for porcine production. Meat quality is complex and strongly depends of various criteria (fibres characteristics, intramuscular fat content, type of collagen, proteolysis intensity...) affected by genetic, nutritional or environmental regulation factors. Until now, experiments were designed to study the expression and the function of a limited number of known or "candidates" genes (myogenic or adipogenic differentiation factors, myosins, hormonal receptors, enzymes, transport proteins...) which could not explain all the complexity. In pig, if major genes have already been identified for two defaults of meat quality (Pale Soft and Exsudative meat and acid meat), most problems are still poorly understood. For example, genes controlling intramuscular fat (imf) content or playing a key role in the appearance of ham destructuration are not known. However, imf content, an important factor for organoleptic quality of meat (taste, flavour, juiciness), is on average 1.5% in the Longissimus Dorsi (LD) muscle, while a study of consumers jury gives an optimal organoleptic quality for a rate of 2.5 to 3% (FERNANDEZ et al., 1999). That is why it is so important today to better manage the imf content without affecting the deposit of external lipids. In the same way, 17% of cooked ham are destructurated and this default causes severe economic losses. The destructuration default was only apparent in fresh deboned hams. Destructurated muscles have then lost their fibrous aspect and formed a soft muscular mass without any organised structure. This change would get closer to PSE meat phenotype (MINVIELLE et al., 2001).


List of Figures Preface: The Emptiness of Diamond Acknowledgments Introduction: Little Rocks 1. From Rock to Gem 2. Valuing Diamonds 3. A Diamond Is Forever 4. Diamonds and Emotions 5. Diamonds and Bling 6. Diamonds and Performance Conclusion: The Fullness of Diamonds Notes Bibliography Index About the Author


Mass spectrometric studies of the composition of the gaseous phase for solid compounds of hexadecafluorinated phthalocyanines MPcF16, M = Cu, Zn, VO and their unsubstituted MPc analogs were performed in a temperature range up to 600°C. It has been shown that phthalocyanines sublime into the form of monomers without thermal decomposition. The vapor pressure of these phthalocyanines was determined as a function of temperature by the Knudsen effusion method, in which the rate of effusion of the equilibrium vapor through a small orifice was measured. The thermodynamic parameters of the sublimation process for phthalocyanines were calculated.


The short term asset and liability management like that working capital management have the important role to increase return and control the company risk. The hospital can adopt of working capital policy through aggressive-conservative management or both them seen in ratio of circulating assets to totalizing asset or in the form of defrayal policy in the form of ratio of current liabilities to high total liabilities. This research aim to know the conservative and aggresive working capital management influence to earnings measured from ROA and ROE hospital. Research conducted by using Data of BLU Hospital Balance and Activity Report in 2007 and 2008 get data from Result of Observing and Assessment of Governmental Hospital Financial Accounting System (PARSI) of per 31 December 2008 published by Health Departmental in 2008. Study technique use 2 technique that is descriptive analysis and multivariate analyse. Descriptive analysis used the statistic descriptive and multivarite analyse used the linear regression statistic. Result of the research find : 1) Increasing aggresive hospital in invesment have an signifikan effect to decreasing of hospital reveneu that measured by ROA, 2) Working capital management which increasing aggresive in invesment do not have an signifikan effect to increasing of hospital reveneu measured by ROE, 3) Aggresive progressively hospital in defrayal with the increasing of hospital acceptance measured by ROA, 4) Aggresive hospital in defrayal with the increasing of hospital acceptance measured from ROA.


The paper aims to evaluate the opportunity of using mathematic estimation models within economic discounting computation. Several approximation models from the numerical methods theory will be considered in order to determine the evolution trend for investment projects' economic indicators. The paper has a rather theoretical framework and aims to identify new ways of improving existing techniques.


Contrary to an opinion is widely-help, the fixed short-term contract can be unilaterally termined. This will demonstrated in the present thesis. There are two bases for this right : justice and the disappearance of the interest of the contract. First of all, justice. The right to terminate a fixed contract can be seen, in fact, as a promotional instrument of communicative and distributive justice. Next, the disappearance of the interest. As in the case of all contracts the fixed shot-term contract is based on a interest. This is the essence of the contract. It justifies its existence and its permanence. Consequently, the disappearance of the interest gives the contractivity party the legitimate right unilaterally to terminate his contract before the due date. In so far as the right to terminate the fixed short-term contract has not yet been made general its legal structure has still to be developed. There is an underlying imperative for this : to preserve the effectivness of the right to terminate while maintaining the interest of the other contractivy party. On this respect, the exrecise of the right to terminate a fixed short-term contract is conditioned by the need for a just motive, compensation of the partner and the respect of prior notification


In this paper we infer the structure of Pd40Ni40P20 from experimental diffraction data and ab initio interactions using 'force enhanced atomic refinement'. Our model accurately reproduces known experimental signatures of the system and is more efficient than conventional melt-quench schemes. We critically evaluate the local order, carry out detailed comparisons to extended x-ray absorption fine structure experiments and also discuss the electronic structure. We thoroughly explore the lattice dynamics of the system, and describe a vibrational localized-to-extended transition and discuss the special role of P dynamics. At low energies P is fully contributing to extended modes, but at higher frequencies executes local motion reminiscent of a 'rattler' inside a cage of metal atoms. These highly localized vibrational states suggest a possible utility of these materials for thermoelectric applications.


During a mark–recapture study of Townsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii) on 20 sites in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area, Idaho, in 1991 through 1994, 4407 animals were marked in 17639 capture events. This study of differences in population dynamics of Townsend's ground squirrels among habitats spanned a drought near the extreme of the 130-yr record, followed by prolonged winter conditions. Townsend's ground squirrels have a short active season (≈4 mo) in which to reproduce and store fat for overwintering. Their food consists largely of succulent grasses and forbs in this dry shrubsteppe and grassland habitat. The drought in the latter half of the 1992 active season produced early drying of Sandberg's bluegrass (Poa secunda) and was associated with low adult and juvenile body masses prior to immergence into estivation/hibernation. The following prolonged winter was associated with late emergence of females in 1993. Early-season body masses of adults were low in 1993 r...


In order to study the accuracy of cytology in our mass screening program for cancer of the uterine cervix, 5, 677 negative smears out of 5, 741 cases were reexamined. By this second screening six cases of Class IIIa, one of Class IV, and one of Class V smears were picked up. The missed cases of Class IV and V smears were obtained from the same patient. 42 cases of Class IIIa, 17 of Class IIlb, 4 of Class IV, and 1 of Class V have been found in the first screening, and 8 cases with invasive carcinoma and 7 cases with carcinoma in situ have been detected among them in histologic examination. Accordingly, our false negative rate was 11.8% and false positive rate was 0.9%. The possible methods for quality control in cytology was discussed.


Family-based treatment in adolescents and individual psychoeducation in adults are accepted components in a multimodal treatment of eating disorders. However, only few studies have been conducted on the use of parent-based psychoeducation. This paper presents the structure and content, as well as a preliminary evaluation, of a group psychoeducation program for parents of adolescent patients with eating disorders. The program is limited to five 90-minute sessions and aimed at increasing the parents' understanding of the disorder and promoting high transparency with regard to our treatment principles. The vast majority of parents rated the group psychoeducation as helpful in coping with their child's disorder and would recommend others to take part in the program. This work was supported by a grant of the Christina Barc Foundation (Essen, Germany).


Within this paper, we considered the positioning technique exploiting the fingerprints based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values recovered from access points (APs). We focused on the positioning error performance and obtained two performance bounds in closed-form, one of which is the union-bound performance, and the other one is the performance analysis based on Craig's formula applied on the Voronoi decision regions for all binary combinations of all APs. We showed that Craig's formula based performance analysis is more efficient and applicable to optimize the positioning system for the better performance.


Snake bite management is a stage that must be involved in dealing with snake bite problems. Attitude toward snakes is an evaluation or reaction of someone feelings toward snakes. The aim of this research was to know collage student attitude toward snakes and the effect of snake bite management training on collage student attitude toward snakes. The method used for this research was quasi experiment. The precondition test, result showed data distributed normal and homogenous. Data analysis uses gain score and hypothesis testing using the t test. The result of study showed that there was a significant different in the average score of attitude of biology students to animals in the experimental class and control class. This research showed there is an effect of snake bite management training on student attitudes towards snakes.


Photograph of the 1939 Richardson High School Football Team. The boys are posed in five rows with two men on the ends of the fourth row. All but three of the boys are wearing uniforms. They are identified by name on the back of the image.


There are many applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks where all UAVs belong to one organization or a person. In such applications, the number of UAVs that can be employed is also limited due to the cost factor. Due to this reason, private UAV networks have been introduced recently for such purposes. Since the number of UAVs used in private UAV networks are small, traditional routing techniques that have been proposed for Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) are not suitable for routing messages through them. This is because, unlike in FANETs, the challenge in private UAV networks is to find a neighbor to route the packets. Therefore, the movements of UAV nodes should be controlled in private UAV networks in such a way that each UAV node has a neighbor at all times that is connected to the Ground Station (GS). In this paper, we propose a simple approach to control the desired trajectories of all UAV nodes, when the leading UAV node receives a command to move to a target location. Our method minimizes the total distance travelled by all UAVs in such a movement.


Objective: To observe the analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin after total knee arthroplasty(TKA) for the elderly patients with osteoporosis.Methods: Seventy-five patients undergoing unilateral TKA surgery were randomly divided into three groups(C,S and M).The patients in group C took salmon calcitonin 50 IU b.i.d.for 2 weeks,group S took celebrox 200 mg b.i.d for 7 days,and group M took both of them.All patients were assessed analgesic effect for 5 days.VAS pain scores were assessed during rest, initiative exercise and continuous passive movement(CPM),complications were recorded.Results: The VAS pain scores during rest,initiative exercise and CPM on the postoperative time of 24 h,48 h,and 72 h in group M were significantly lower than those in group S and group C(P 0.01).However,there were no significant difference observed between the 3 groups on the post-operative time of 96 h and 120 h.The TKA patients of the M group needed significantly less time for the range of movement(ROM) to arrive 90 degrees than the patients of S group(P 0.01);The mean knee ROM of the patients in the M group was obviously larger than that of the S group(P 0.01).There were no significant differences in number of complications between the 3 groups.Conclusion: After TKA surgery,salmon calcitonin in combination with celebrox can provide better pain relief than to use single calcitonin or celebrox.


We report Si nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of single crystals and aligned powders of URu2Si2 under pressure in the hidden order and paramagnetic phases. We find that the Knight shift decreases with applied pressure, consistent with previous measurements of the static magnetic susceptibility. Previous measurements of the spin lattice relaxation time revealed a partial suppression of the density of states below 30 K. This suppression persists under pressure, and the onset temperature is mildly enhanced.


residential environment is the wind. It is important that the air pollutants are not stagnant but appropriately and swiftly diffused and removed by winds. Especially, the river becomes a main route of wind in the urban core. So, it is necessary to secure the space to circulate the sufficient cool air to this area. But, recently many high-density apartment complexes have been built along the rivers because they have the fine view and healthy environment. As a result, the cool and fresh air couldn't flow from mountain to the urban area and residential complex. In consideration of this point, this study set its purpose to comprehend the influence on the generation of wind corridor and wind flow according to layout type of building and land cover in apartment complex. The target area of the case study was the Sincheon river in Daegu. Around this city river, the basic environment survey was carried out, and these data were used to initial input data for the simulation of ENVI-met, a 3D micro-climate model. Through this simulation, the change of wind velocity and air temperature was analyzed and predicted due to the layout type of building and land cover in apartment complex. As a result of analysis, it was shown that the layout type of building and land cover in apartment complex were considerable variable for increasing of wind velocity and comfortable air temperature. Therefore, it is indispensable to planning of apartment complex for a sustainable residential environment in the future. HESE days, as the expectation on the urban environment is growing due to the economic development and the enhanced civil awareness and the concern of people about the life quality is increasing in the urban society, the function of house is changing from the simple residential function to the pursuit after the pleasantness of residential environment. Recently, many apartment complexes of high rise and high density have been built along the river with a good scenery. As a result, the wind directions have changed unstably and caused diverse quality problems in the residential environment such as the reduction of natural ventilation and the accumulation of pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to design the residential complexes or the building development projects in the future in positive consideration of characteristics of surrounding areas in order not to interrupt the flow of winds. In this view point, this study was carried out for the purpose …


We estimate the relation between parents' education and the education of their children, using survey data from Iceland. We find a positive correlation between the education of parents and their children, as well as a positive correlation between parents' emphasis on the importance of education and their children's education. Parents with strong educational emphasis do not necessarily need to have high educational attainment in our sample. The mother's education appears to matter somewhat more than that of the father. In a multiple regression analysis, we find a positive and statistically significant effect of both the mother and the father's education on the educational attainment of children as well as an effect of the mother and the father's emphasis of the importance of education, while controlling for gender, age and residence. The results show that parents' emphasis on education has almost the same effect on children as the parents' education level. We attempt to make a comparison between the correlation in Iceland and in other countries, in particular the four Nordic countries that have a weaker transmission between generations than most other nations. We find that it is lower in Iceland than the Nordic average. Finally, we find that the influence of parents has not changed much over time by omitting the youngest cohort between the ages of 24 and 35.


There are several graph theoretic models of packet radio networks. Hoir3evel; an NP-completeness result for a more general model does not necessarilj implj the same result for a more restricted model. In this papel; bve show that the problem ofjinding a maximum set of broadcasting stations is NP-complete for unit disc graphs which are perhaps the simplest model of packet radio networks. We propose a new heuristic based on Erd6s' algorithm for computing maxinial independent sets in undirected graphs. We do some experiments to show that the proposed heuristic performs consistently better than other methods. We also discuss an efJicient distributed implementation.


Chaotic dynamics of neural oscillations has been shown at the single neuron and network levels, both in experimental data and numerical simulations. Theoretical studies over the last twenty years have demonstrated an underlying role of chaos in neural systems. Nevertheless, whether chaotic neural oscillators make a significant contribution to relevant network behavior and whether the dynamical richness of neural networks are sensitive to the dynamics of isolated neurons, still remain open questions. We investigated transition dynamics of a medium-sized heterogeneous neural network of neurons connected by electrical coupling in a small world topology. We make use of an oscillatory neuron model (HB+Ih) that exhibits either chaotic or non-chaotic behavior at different combinations of conductance parameters. Measuring order parameter as a measure of synchrony, we find that the heterogeneity of firing rate and types of firing patterns make a greater contribution than chaos to the steepness of synchronization transition curve. We also show that chaotic dynamics of the isolated neurons do not always make a visible difference in process of network synchronization transitions. Moreover, the macroscopic chaos is observed regardless of the dynamics nature of the neurons. However, performing a Functional Connectivity Dynamics analysis, we show that chaotic nodes can promote what is known as the multi-stable behavior, where the network dynamically switches between a number of different semi-synchronized, metastable states.


Citation: Chang Q. Flocculation Effect of Macromolecule. Polym Sci. 2016, 2:1. In the early years, it was found that colloidal dispersions can be made more sensitive to precipitation by the addition of small quantities of macromolecules. These macromolecules are referred to as flocculants currently. The macromolecular flocculants commonly used in early time are polyelectrolytes. Their flocculation mechanism is considered to be the simple charge neutralization. If the charges of macromolecular ions are opposite to that of particles, flocculation and precipitation will take place. But in the later period, it has been discovered that some non-ionic macromolecules, even the macromolecules with the same charge as the colloidal particle have sensitive or flocculation effect. Therefore, neutralization is not the only mechanism of their flocculation. Now we think long-chain additives, such as gelatin, can sometimes bring about a rather loose flocculation by a bridging mechanism in which the molecules are adsorbed with part of their chain on two or more particles. Such flocculation normally occurs over a narrow range of additive concentrations; at higher concentration protective action is obtained, since bridging can occur only under conditions where the remaining particles still have empty surface, thus further adsorption of the additive is possible.


To incorporate assessment of body composition in the routine care of preterm infants to guide feeding practices before and after hospital discharge.

 Very preterm infants with gestational ages between 29 and 32 weeks of gestation were included. Infants with gastrointestinal or neurologic malformations and terminal illness needing to limit or withhold support were excluded. All study participants were eligible for serial assessments of body composition between birth and 32 weeks PMA, at 36 weeks PMA or hospital discharge, and at 3 months of corrected age. Infants randomly assigned to the intervention group had the information about infant body composition available to the clinicians caring for them (including reference data). Infants randomly assigned to the control group also underwent serial assessments, but this information on infant body composition was not shown to the clinicians caring for them. The primary outcome was % body fat (%BF) estimated by air displacement plethysmography.

 Fifty very preterm infants were randomized. Mean birthweight of study participants was 1387 g +/– SD 283 and median gestational age at birth was 30 weeks (IQR: 30 – 31). Sociodemographic characteristics did not differ between groups. Mean %BF between birth and 32 weeks PMA (n = 45) was 6 +/– 4, mean %BF at 36 weeks PMA (n = 35) was 14 +/– 4, and mean %BF at 3 months of corrected age (n = 25) was 20 +/– 4. Mean differences in %BF between the intervention group and the control group were not statistically significant at 36 weeks PMA (−0.8) or 3 months corrected age (−1.2). Similarly, feeding practices during hospitalization did not differ between groups. Growth outcomes did not differ between groups.

 Serial assessments of body composition at birth, 36 weeks PMA, and 3 months corrected age in very preterm infants show increased %BF in both intervention and control groups without an apparent influence of the intervention on feeding practices. While 36 weeks PMA has been a common assessment point for research purposes, body composition assessments may need to be done at earlier intervals in order to make meaningful clinical changes to the infant diet in order to affect body composition later in infancy.

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317 (cf. Arist. Rhet. i4O429, I4o6i). (§ 120) Radermacher's /ZoAu/cparei pvv {W. St. lxi. 1943) is ingenious, but the hyperbaton is impossibly harsh and unnatural. (§ 135) The ejection of dWep KOX AyXaXraSas is attractive. (§ 165) Some corruption in the vicinity is likely, but Schenkeveld's proposed fiera Koofiov is unlikely to have been replaced by ixera o<a<f>poovvr]s. Perhaps originally there was a contrast between it and the lack of decorum in jokes. (§ 207) Meerwaldt's e/jufxiiveoOca is too disparaging: Demetrius is not likely to have said 'let this style be mean and trivial.' Read


The use of swinging thuribles for incense burning is a familiar scene in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. The practice of incense burning in religious ceremonies predates Christianity by thousands of years, and the Old Testament, for example, contains numerous references to it. As early as the 4th century A.D., literary sources described the practice of burning incense during the church services in the Holy Land. Several examples of bronze bowls with no lid, suspended by three chains, have been discovered in Early Byzantine churches in the Eastern Mediterranean or are depicted on mosaics of contemporaneous churches in Ravenna and in present-day Jordan. Unlike the Catholic Church, the Eastern Church continued using uncovered swinging thuribles for many centuries.


The exclusion conditions to which these collectives are subjected have been identified by the state and civil society and, in such process, public social policies should be implemented by the former. However, the relationships between state and civil society are complex, since both articulate and compete fiercely around interests which are sometimes opposite and which are present in one and/or another. In this arena of conflicting and sometimes contradictory relationships, different projects for society are under discussion.


Gastric bypass surgery (GBS) produces a relatively achlorhydric state by formation of a small cardia‐fundal pouch with a gastro‐jejunal anastomosis. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is known to alter vitamin B12 absorption. It has been proposed that gastric acid secretion prevents SIBO. We hypothesized that GBS alters small intestinal micronutrient absorption. This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent Roux‐en‐Y GBS from 1999‐2005. Postoperative patients underwent glucose‐hydrogen breath testing to examine upper intestinal (jejunal) bacterial production of methane and hydrogen. Patients' sex, age, and whole blood thiamine diphosphate levels were obtained 6 months after GBS. Abnormal glucose‐hydrogen breath test was defined by fasting breath hydrogen/methane >10 ppm or increased hydrogen/methane of >20 ppm within 60 minutes after 50 grams oral glucose. There were 32 females & 4 males (mean age 47 years; range 22 to 65). All 36 had abnormal glucose‐hydrogen breath tests. Thirty‐two patients (89%) were hydrogen producers & 13 patients (36%) produced methane; 26 patients (72%) had whole blood thiamine levels below the lower limit of normal.


The development of financial technologies, tools and services actualizes the importance of financial education and improving the financial literacy of the population, which determines the adoption of effective decisions on issues related to their current and future well-being. The study of financial literacy of students of Novosibirsk state technical University revealed the gender specificity of financial behavior, which allowed us to make recommendations to reduce the gender gap in the level of financial literacy of young people. The opinion was expressed that the prospects for the development of this area should be related not only to financial literacy, but also to the implementation of measures to increase women's self-confidence in their ability to manage personal finances.


An Optimized Technique for Peripheral Vitreoretinal Surgery With Chandelier Endoillumination Peripheral vitrectomy is a subjective term that refers to removal of vitreous anterior to the equator. Contemporary surgical wide-angle viewing systems allow for visualization of peripheral vitreous that is sufficient for most surgical applications, including macular surgery, diabetic vitreous hemorrhage, and some types of uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. However, most surgeons continue to perform peripheral vitrectomy that requires visualization of anterior vitreous beyond the field-of-view conferred by contemporary wide-angle viewing systems. Vitreous base shaving performed as part of the approach to anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy and dissection of the vitreous base with excision of proliferative membranes overlying the pars plana and pars plicata comprise anterior vitreoretinal surgical maneuvers that typically cannot be performed without an adjunct to wide-angle visualization.


A model of group technology (GT) production systems including the cost of raw material processing is developed. It is assumed that the throughput time in a given GT cell depends linearly on the lot size. The optimal GT lot–size formula is derived and its properties discussed. The variability with respect to changes in the annual demand rate, the average carrying cost rate, and the rate charged per unit of cell production time are examined and evaluated. A typical case study is worked out to illustrate the analytical results.


All-optical flip-flops (AOFFs) have recently received increased attention as elements for all-optical packet-switched networks. In this letter, we use a single off-the-shelf distributed- feedback laser as AOFF to switch 40-Gb/s packets with a guard time as low as 150 ps.


The task of the chemist whose duty it is to purify water for boiler purposes has never been a light one and in recent years this burden has increased due to changes in methods of operation and increasing pressures and temperatures. A realization of the fact that the softening or purifying of water does not terminate at the feed pumps, but must be under control until purified steam is delivered to the prime movers also increases the water chemist's burden. Many investigators have specialized on the correct treatment of feed water for boiler purposes and their findings have been published in technical journals, but nowhere has there been any attempt to correlate this information and place at our disposal a treatise on the entire subject. In Mr. Powell's book "Boiler Feed Water Purification" the author has carefully analyzed the various methods and apparatus for purifying water and has presented the advantages and disadvantages of the various processes so that the selection of the purifying apparatus can be intelligently made. Combined with this is a study of the economics involved, so that, other things being equal, the cost of operating can also be considered in the selection. The first chapter in this book explains the origin of impurities found in water; the properties of the various impurities and effects when used for boiler purposes. The following chapters which have been carefully arranged and classified show the value and types of preliminary settling basins; the purpose and method of chemical coagulation for removing fine material in suspension, and factors influencing coagulation. The theory of filtration is described and the operation and relative merits and demerits of pressure and gravity filters are considered.


The threshold current of GaAs samples with waveguide structures and optimal doping was reduced compared with the threshold current of homogeneously doped lasers. The threshold was reduced to 0.15–0.2 A/cm2 for electrons of 30–50 keV energy and the external differential quantum efficiency was increased.


Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) based microfluidic devices integrated with a microfluidic pumping manifold which consists of 4 electromagnetic valves (EMV) were fabricated. The back and forth shuttling flow and its application in the DNA hybridization process were validated on a thermal plastic Zeonor 1060R substrate. The flow rate can be as fast as 23μl/min when the channel width and the channel height are in 100μm, and 25μm, respectively. The DNA hybridization process is detected by using a fluorescence microscopy. Remarkable DNA hybridization is achieved with the continuous flow of the target DNA at a concentration of 10 nM within the first 1 min by using this device.


An effective and efficient railway infrastructure is essential to assure assetperformance which is often measured in terms of high availability, high level ofsafety and good track quality, besides ...


Mathematical formulations of urban structure usually invoke either a strictly continuous or a strictly discrete account of spatial distributions. The arbitrary nature of this dichotomy is illustrated by urban retail and commercial activity, which can be usefully represented as a mixture of discrete and continuous components. This paper exploits concepts from general measure theory to extend the notion of an urban field. The resulting formulation yields discrete and continuous models as special cases. The abstract-field model is interpreted for the case of urban commercial structure, and is applied to develop a generalized extension of the origin-constrained interaction model. The descriptive utility of the formulation is then demonstrated in the case of commercial arterials in Albany, New York.


To provide some scientific basis for taxonomic classification and evolution regularity for Paenia,the structure of stem and leaf of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.and Paeonia lactiflora Pall.were comparatively anatomized with scanning electron microscope(SEM).The vascular bundle number in the stem of P.suffruticosa were much more than that of P.lactiflora.There were significant difference between them in the cutin thickness,stomatic frequency of the leaves.


An efficient method for transient analysis of on-chip coupled interconnects is presented considering nonuniform temperature profiles of the underlying substrate. The parametric macromodeling technique is performed to take into account the effects of substrate temperature. The waveform relaxation with transverse partitioning algorithm is employed for fast transient simulation of large coupled interconnects. With the proposed method, the impact of typical substrate thermal profiles on the performance of on-chip global interconnects is investigated. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example.


The cleaning of ethylene plant before operation is quite difficult in technique.It needs to use proper methods for different cleaning.This kind of cleaning is a systematic engineering.It includes process control all through the cleaning,certificated operators,the control of cleaning quality and dangers in site,and all around management of the cleaning.


A detailed experimental study of the efficiency and output power of a pulsed gyrotron operating in the TE16,2,1 mode at 148 GHz has been conducted. A peak efficiency of 30% was achieved at 80 kV and 20 A for an output power of 480 kW. The highest output power of 925 kW, corresponding to an efficiency of 19%, was measured at 120 kV and 40 A. Two cavities with different interaction lengths (6.0λ and 4.2λ) were investigated. In both cases, agreement was found between the theoretical and experimental efficiency for beam currents up to 15–20 A. At higher currents, the experimental efficiency saturated between 20% and 25%, well below the 35%– 40% predicted by theory. No increase was obtained for modest positive or negative linear tapering of the cavity magnetic field. Measurements indicate that the beam velocity ratio decreases as beam current increases, partially explaining the reduced efficiency at higher currents. Operation in different azimuthal rotations of the cavity modes was also observed. The measured ...


A number of Hausdorff-based algorithms have been proposed for finding objects in images. We evaluate different measures and argue that the Hausdorff Average distance measure outperforms other variants for model detection. This method has improved robustness properties with respect to noise. We discuss the algorithms with respect to typical classes of noise, and we illustrate their relative performances through an example edge-based matching task. We show that this method produces a maximum a posteriori estimate. Furthermore, we argue for improved computational efficiency by tree-like subdivisions of the model and transformation spaces.


Reducing carbohydrates digestion by having low glycaemic index (GI) foods has been linked to weight loss. Inhibiting related enzymes is an alternative way to decrease carbohydrate digestion. RCM-107, an eight-herb formula that is modified from the RCM-104, has indicated significant weight-loss action in clinical trials. However, no research has been conducted to study its effect on the activity of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA), which is involved in carbohydrate absorption. In this paper, we used fluorescence PPA inhibition assay to investigate the inhibitory effects of RCM-107 and the individual herbs present in this herbal mixture on amylase activity. Subsequently, molecular docking predicted the key active compounds that may be responsible for the enzyme inhibition. According to our results, both the RCM-107 formula and several individual herbs displayed α-amylase inhibitory effects. Also, marginal synergistic effects of RCM-107 were also detected. In addition, alisol B, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and plantagoside have been predicted as the key active compounds that may be responsible for the α-amylase inhibition effect of RCM-107 according to inter-residue contact analysis. Finally, Glu233, Gln63, His305, Asp300 and Tyr151 are predicted to be markers of important areas with which potential amylase inhibitors would interact.


Located in a former eighteenth-century military headquarters, the French National Centre for Stage Costume and Scenography, also known as CNCS, has the mission to conserve and promote a national heritage of theatre, dance and opera costumes dating from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day, from the collections of institutions such as the National Library, the Comédie Française and the Opéra de Paris. In 2017, the Public Establishment for Cultural Cooperation of the CNCS launched a rehabilitation programme of the site requesting 450 square metres for an exhibition dedicated to scenography. Conceived as an experimental scenography laboratory, the exhibition intends to unfold the di ff erent production processes by unveiling the ' backstage ' and the ' actors at work ' of the profession. The exhibition space is structured in three acts: Act One: the creative process in the designer ' s studio; Act Two: manufacturing in the construction workshops; Act Three: the theatre stage including grid and machinery. This Report From … aims to shed light on contemporary exhibition design in France with a particular focus on scenographic strategies of ' mise en abyme ' in the design process of the Scenography Centre, which is due to open in the autumn of 2022, in Moulins, as part of the National Centre for Stage Costume and Scenography. Four separate interviews are here transcribed as a cross-examination of the di ff erent roles played by Delphine Pinasa, director of the museum and curator of the Scenography Centre, and the team of scenographers in charge of the architecture and design of the exhibition: Adeline Rispal, lead architect and exhibition designer; Mathieu Lorry-Dupuy, theatre designer; and Félix Lefebvre, co-founder of the Kanju technical design company.


The author's particular research interest is anti-Semitism and this paper makes use of early MO studies of anti-Semitism including MO panel replies to the June 1939 directive on race, observational research undertaken by MO in the East End of London in 1939, postwar material on Palestine and the establishment of the state of Israel, as well as more recent material derived from M-O in the 80s/90s directive replies in response to the "Social Divisions" Directive (Spring 1990).


Chloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)iron(III) in tetrahydrofuran-methanol catalysed the hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated esters by NaBH4 to the saturated esters; turnovers of up to 4580 h–1 have been attained for the hydrogenation of ethyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate. Deuterium labelling studies showed that the H– of NaBH4 and the H+ of MeOH add to the β- and α-carbons of the double bond. A slower hydrogenation of oct-1-ene was accompanied by isomerization to oct-2-enes. Spectroscopy (UV/VIS, 1H NMR and ESR) suggests that hydrogenation proceeds via an iron(II) intermediate, and an alkyl-iron(II) species seems likely.


An attempt has been made to analyze the spin quenching properties of Mn, as a representative of transition metals, in Mn·MgO, Mn·CaO, OC·Mn·MgO, and OC·Mn·CaO complexes formed at the regular (001) surfaces of MgO and CaO, as well as the adsorption of CO on Mn deposited on MgO and CaO by means of hybrid density functional theory calculations and embedded cluster model. Clusters of moderate sizes were embedded in the simulated Coulomb fields that closely approximate the Madelung fields of the host surfaces. A test has been made to examine the effect of artificial flow of charge. While the spin states of Mn in Mn·MgO and Mn·CaO complexes are preserved, the combined effects of adsorbate and substrate in OC·Mn·MgO and OC·Mn·CaO complexes are strong enough to favor the low spin states and to quench the spin. The deposited Mn atoms enhance the adsorption of CO on MgO and CaO surfaces. The significant weakening of bond strength between OC and Mn in complexes supports the concept of bond order conservation. The relation between the strength of CO adsorption and the basicity of the support is verified. The natural bond orbital analysis reveals that the electronic structure of the adsorbed metal represents a qualitative change with respect to that of the free metal. The effects of spin contamination on the geometry, Mulliken charges, and adsorption energy are examined. The binding of CO precursor is dominated by the E(i)Mn···CO pairwise additive components in MgO and CaO complexs, and the role of the support is not restricted to supporting the metal. The adsorbed CO molecules exhibit no remarkable deviation from linearity. Finally, relations are established between the process of spin quenching and the energy gaps between frontier orbitals. The results show that the spin state of adsorbed metal atoms on oxide supports and the role of precursor molecules on the magnetic and binding properties of complexes need to be explicitly taken into account. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The computer is the engine of this latest phase in the acceleration of the industrial revolution. The role of the computer cannot be measured in the simple terms of the number of computers at work in the American economy or even in the extraordinary variety of functions in which the computer has found work to do---from accounting routines to industrial process control to creative enterprise in mathematics itself. More significantly, computer technology gathers in and brings to intense focus the most diverse discoveries on the frontiers of knowledge---from investigation into the nature of matter to speculations at the foundation of knowledge. It is the agency through which the advance of human understanding now finds its way to the control of natural forces in time intervals that grow shorter year by year and month by month.


: Multi-modal teaching theory is one of the hot topics in linguistics. With the widespread use of information technology, multi-modal interactive teaching has gained a more favorable foundation and conditions. College English teachers, through the analysis of teaching materials and students' learning situations, select and actively apply various modes in oral English teaching, realizing the construction of on -line spoken language classrooms featured in multi-modal interaction. This approach can enhance students' classroom participation, stimulate their interest in learning, and improve the effectiveness of oral English teaching. This article elucidates the theory of multi-modal teaching and the feasibility in its using in college oral English teaching, analyzes the current situation of college spoken English teaching, and explores the teaching strategies that can be used in college spoken English course under multi-modal theory.


We report a case of a 71–year–old female patient presented to our observation with worsening episodes of chest pain associated with cold sweat and spontaneous regression. Seven months earlier, the patient had undergone mitral valve replacement surgery with bioprosthesis for severe insufficiency. Pre–operative coronary angiography had documented the absence of significant lesions of the coronary arteries. Four months after the operation, hospitalisation was necessary due to an infective endocarditis on the prosthetic valve, effectively treated with specific antibiotic therapy. The patient came to the Emergency Department reporting episodes of stress related angina, lasting for a few days. The ECG documented sinus rhythm and non–specific anomalies of the ventricular repolarization phase. The haematochemical tests showed a minimal increase in the HS troponine values. Ultrasound documented normal left ventricular dimensions, no regional kinetic abnormalities with normal global systolic function and good functioning of the mitral bioprosthesis. The patient was admitted in our department of cardiology for further investigations. The next day the patient complained of severe oppressive chest pain with ECG evidence of diffuse ST–T segment depression and elevation in aVR and V1. Blood pressure was 170/90 mmHg and ultrasound showed apex hypokinesia with severely reduced systolic function. Nitrate s.l was administered with gradual improvement of symptoms and normalisation of the ECG. The patient underwent coronary angiography but during the first injection of contrast test, an anomalous stagnation of the contrast was highlighted in the aorta. It was urgently decided to perform aortic CT scan. The examination showed the presence of a voluminous pseudoaneurysm starting from the aortic bulb, partially thrombosed, which compressed the left main and the origin of the circumflex artery. The patient was therefore subjected to cardiac surgery the following day, with a good follow–up result one month after discharge.


Six isolates of Radopholus similis from the greenhouse in China were tested for their reproductive fitness after inoculating carrot callus with one female at 25 ℃,and the reproduction of single female of R.similis isolates cultured long in carrot callus and rejuvenated of Anthurium andraeanum were compared.At 25 ℃,one female of all R.similis offspring could complete their life cycle and reproduce in carrot callus,and there were differences in reproduction inter-and intra-isolates.The reproduction of single female of R.similis isolates was affected by long culturing period in carrot callus and rejuvenation of A.andraeanum,while there were differences among the isolates.


Key Points Question What are the values and preferences of parents of preterm infants and adults who had been born preterm concerning the use of cyclooxygenase inhibitor (COX-I) prophylaxis to prevent morbidity and mortality? Findings In this cross-sectional study that enrolled 44 participants, death and severe intraventricular hemorrhage were rated as the 2 most critical outcomes. Among 40 participants, the preference for COX-I prophylaxis was variable, with indomethacin (19 [48%]) being the most preferred option, followed by ibuprofen (16 [40%]), while the remainder opted for no prophylaxis (5 [13%]). Meaning These findings suggest that death was the most undesirable outcome and indomethacin was the most preferred prophylactic COX-I to use in preterm infants.


The unprecedented availability of spatial and temporal high-resolution satellite image time series (SITS) for crop type mapping is believed to necessitate deep learning architectures to accommodate challenges arising from both dimensions. Recent state-of-the-art deep learning models have shown promising results by stacking spatial and temporal encoders. However, we present a Pyramid Time-Series Transformer (PTST) that operates solely on the temporal dimension, i.e., neglecting the spatial dimension, can produce superior results with a drastic reduction in GPU memory consumption and easy extensibility. Furthermore, we augment it to perform semi-supervised learning by proposing a classification-friendly VAE framework that introduces clustering mechanisms into latent space and can promote linear separability therein. Consequently, a few principal axes of the latent space can explain the majority of variance in raw data. Meanwhile, the VAE framework with proposed tweaks can maintain competitive classification performance as its purely discriminative counterpart when only $40\%$ of labelled data is used. We hope the proposed framework can serve as a baseline for crop classification with SITS for its modularity and simplicity.


One short comings of #CCSS is mess it makes with how we play with words & sounds..scope out literary devices through k-8, the sequence and


Abstract The establishment of Law No. 23/2007 on Railway set to eliminate monopolization by incumbent operators and giving opportunity to the private sector and local government to join the railway sector. Ironically, the new law is not completely implemented due to budget constraints and weak basis of restructuring. Proper preconditions have to be created to ensure its success. The paper uses a literature review involving a material harmonization study. Based on the research, legal framework amendment, assets re-evaluation, human resources assessment and obvious support from the government can be considered as the most essential preconditions, together with the existence of good governance. Keywords: Railway restructuring, Law No. 23/2007 on Railway, Indonesia.


The article expatiates the main value and significance in studying the competition theory of speed skating and discusses the essentials and basic laws of speed skating competition in the following aspects: the competition rules and judgement law,the judgers and their work,the main study content,the skaters' adaption and utilization to competition environment,the modernization of competition condition and judgement equipment.Its purpose is to find out the management methods of having a scientific and efficient speed skating competition,the approaches and means for the skaters to get excellent achievement,as a theoretic reference for efficiently having the speed skating competition.


Abstract : The Software Engineering Process Office (SEPO) was formed at the Naval Ocean Systems Center in late 1988. SEPO's charter is to improve the software development processes from a Level 1 on the Software Engineering Institute's (SEI) Maturity Model to a Level 3 and above. One major effort in attaining a Level 3 is the establishment of a centerwide software estimation process. This paper describes SEPO's methods and progress in establishing a software estimation process at NOSC and a brief description of the process.


In professional or home settings, the usage of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) technology is desired and often enforced for its ability to reduce the total cost and to expose ubiquitous networks services. However, due to the unpredictability of M2M network mobility, connection and disconnection, a lot of problems can attend services availability and cause path loss or change service selection parameters, making services discovery more difficult than ever. In this paper, we present an approach based on knowledge for ensuring discovery and invocation of available services. The approach firstly leverages semantic data from user regularity of movement by extracting knowledge jointly from the mobility data and underlying geographic domain information. Then, it analyzes those data in order to prepare a pre-planned list of available services ranked not only according to their relevance but also according to their degree of availability. To illustrate the feasibility of our approach, we adopt an illustrative scenario highlighting the importance of exploiting the daily life of a mobile user for service discovery enhancements.