This contribution deals with the state of the art of studies concerning the fabrication of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) also called super- or ultracapacitors and obtained using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) without exploiting Faradic reactions. From the first work published in 1997, EDLCs fabricated using carbon nanotubes as constitutive material for electrodes showed very interesting characteristics. It appeared that they could potentially outperform traditional technologies based on activated carbon. Different methods to fabricate the CNT-based electrodes have been proposed in order to improve the performances (mainly energy densities and power densities), for example filtration, direct growth on metal collector or deposition using an air-brush technique. In this contribution we will introduce the main works in the field. Finally, we will point out an emerging interest for supercapacitors fabricated on flexible substrates, exploiting the outstanding mechanical performances of CNTs, for new kinds of applications such as portable electronics.


Objective To investigate the value of 16-slice spiral CT multiplanar reconstruction in diagnosis of orbital blowout fracture.Method 389 patients with orbital blowout fracture were given axial scan and multiplanar reconstruction(MPR) by 16-slice spiral CT,and the axial scan MPR results were compared.Results 23 cases of the fracture of lower orbital wall were misdiagnosed from axial imaging.There is no misdiagnosis case from coronal imaging.The fracture of lower orbital wall and bone fracture shifting were displayed among 83 cases by sagittal imaging.Conclusions The axial imaging can display fracture of medial and outside orbital wall.The coronal imaging can display fracture of eye socket four walls.The sagittal imaging can display the fracture of lower orbital wall and bone fracture shifting.MPR can show the coronal and sagittal images underwent one time of axial scan.This would be able to make up the weakness of the axial scanning on displaying the fracture of lower orbital wall.It is also valuable to diagnose orbital blowout fracture.


Highly ordered hexagonally patterned Ag-nanorod (Ag-NR) arrays for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of unhealthy chemical residues in food oil was reported, which was obtained by sputtering Ag on the alumina nanotip arrays stuck out of conical-pore anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. SERS measurements demonstrate that the as-fabricated large-scale Ag-nanostructures can serve as highly sensitive and reproducible SERS substrates for detection of trace amount of chemicals in oil with the lower detection limits of 2×10-6 M for thiram and 10-7 M for rhodamine B, showing the potential of application of SERS in rapid trace detection of pesticide residues and illegal additives in food oils.


The purpose of this study was to examine the control styles and senses of movements in varsity race walkers and to clarify the relationship between them and their skill levels. 29 male walkers rated 317 items in 4-point usability scale, which were selected in advance from free answers on the control style and sense in race walking. Spatial, temporal, and kinetic control modalities and the details of higher rated items were analyzed from the viewpoint of skill level. The results showed that beginners rigidly pay attention to their walking form, which causes unstable movements, and advanced walkers perform in relaxed way, which rather leads to stable ones. The body axis felt in race walking was discussed as a stable center axis of movements, in order to coordinate upper and lower limbs, to absorb shocks at knees, and to transform the absorbed force into a forward movement.


By the study of the early life of Fang Ling-ru,we can know her unique life way and writing style,how she missed and longed for the main stream of time.Fang Ling-ru's early creation of prose and poems has her own style.Her early life and writing experience provided a kind of reference for modern female writing and growth.


This paper presents an exploratory qualitative analysis of the elements that influence the consumption behaviour of users of seventh-generation videogame consoles. It aims to improve comprehension about consumers' preferences and intentions related to brand devotion, technology convergence, hedonism versus utilitarianism, ease of use, innovation, social positioning and social interaction of videogame users in order to understand which factors are likely to motivate the adoption process of this type of technology. The categories were derived from theories of consumer behaviour and marketing that deal with the use and adoption of technology products, focusing on consumers' usage symbols and values. The study method used was netnography, with the data collected from blogs/discussion forums on the internet. For data analysis, thematic categories were used to describe types of users in relation to their consumption propensities on videogaming platforms such as the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Nintendo Wii. The results show that factors related to consumer culture and behaviour, such as social positioning (status), influence the preferences of users of seventh-generation videogames.


Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679), more clearly than anyone else, elaborated the conceptual framework that has predominated in all distinctively modern political thought ever since: government conceived as a "social contract" among radically independent individuals intending to protect their personal, pre-political liberties or "rights." Hobbes laid out this framework and provided its philosophic justification, in several successive treatises, but his acknowledged masterpiece is Leviathan . The Broad Historical Context In the century and a half immediately prior to Hobbes, there had been two momentous reshapings of the intellectual landscape: first, the Protestant Reformation, which split Christianity forever into competing and, for a long time, warring sects; second, the emergence of modern, materialistic-mathematical physics – and the new, Baconian project of technology that we studied in the previous chapter. Hobbes's political thought is deeply shaped by both these transformations. Hobbes was transfixed by the sight of the horrible religious wars convulsing Europe, and he detected as their chief cause the fight among sects over clashing interpretations of what the Bible teaches government ought to implement in order to foster the "highest good" – the piety and the justice that maximize virtue as the source of the health or salvation of the soul. Hobbes reacted by leading the way to the implementation of a new, drastically lowered, conception of the goals of government. Hobbes was the first to propose a conception of civic justice and the common good that removed from civic purview the whole question of the good life, in the sense of spiritual fulfillment.


The new acridine drug CIi?½423 was compared with Amodiaquine in Southern Rhodesia for treatment of malaria in a semi-immune population. The drug was given in two dosage schedules; the first was a single dose of 600 mg. modiaquine, or 600 mg. of CIi?½423 to adults, with proportionately smaller doses for children. In the second series patients received a 50 percent dose of Amodiaquine or a 33 percent dose of CI-423. At the end of 21 days there was no significant difference between the drugs at the full dosage level, but Amodiaquine was significantly better at the lower levels. It seems probable that this difference was due to the inequality of dosages. No difference in effect on gametocytes could be found between the two drugs. No toxic effects or intolerance were noted. The new drug, CI-423, appears to hold promise as an antimalarial, particularly in single dose therapy, since its efficacy at similar dosage is comparable with Amodiaquine.


Corundo‐baddeleyit material (CBM)—EUCOR—is a heat‐ and wear‐resistant material even at extreme temperatures. This article introduces a numerical model of solidification and cooling of this material in a non‐metallic mould. The model is capable of determining the total solidification time of the casting and also the place of the casting which solidifies last. Furthermore, it is possible to calculate the temperature gradient in any point and time, and also determine the local solidification time and the solidification interval of any point. The local solidification time is one of the input parameters for the cooperating model of chemical heterogeneity. This second model and its application on samples of EUCOR prove that the applied method of measurement of chemical heterogeneity provides detailed quantitative information on the material structure and makes it possible to analyse the solidification process. The analysis of this process entails statistical processing of the results of the measurements of the ...


In the Research Highlight article titled ''Rethinking A2E,'' Smith et al. offer interpretations of the recent paper by Ablonczy et al., titled ''Lack of Correlation Between the Spatial Distribution of A2E and Lipofuscin Fluorescence in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium.'' Readers will benefit from further discussion. Although not acknowledged by Smith et al., RPE lipofuscin consists of multiple fluorescent components, only one of which is A2E. While the excitation maxima of the published lipofuscin fluorophores varies from approximately 440 to 510 nm, they have similar emission maxima (~600 nm) that also match that of fundus autofluorescence (AF). Thus, the terms lipofuscin and A2E are not synonymous. Smith et al. revisited the 2006 study wherein he and colleagues tested RPE lipofuscin, (measured as increased fundus AF in the immediate surround of geographic atrophy [GA]) as a forerunner of GA progression. They concluded that single pixels exhibiting higher AF did not have a greater probability of converting to GA and, thus, that increased AF is not a factor driving the enlargement of GA. Nonetheless, current fundus AF images do not have sufficient spatial resolution to allow single pixel values to inform disease progression. Besides, Curcio and colleagues recently attributed hyperautofluorescence in the junctional zone of GA, at least in some cases, to abnormal overlap of RPE cells. This is a scenario previously proposed. Since disease-related changes that are already present cannot be predictive of impending GA progression, the presence of vertically superimposed RPE cells at the edge of GA is not instructive of the role of lipofuscin in AMD nor of its value as a therapeutic target. Abca4-/mice, on the other hand, being burdened with increased A2E, are informative of the impact of RPE lipofuscin on the retina. These mice exhibit increased expression of proteins of the complement system, excessive complement activation, downregulation of complement inhibitory proteins, and Bruch's membrane thickening due to basal laminar deposits. In albino Abca4-/mice, loss of photoreceptor cells is accelerated. Similar abnormalities are associated with enhanced deposition of the lipofuscin fluorophores A2E and all-trans-retinal dimer in RPE of Rdh8-/-/Abca4-/mice. These findings indicate a link between RPE lipofuscin, on the one hand, and complement dysregulation and Bruch's membrane changes on the other. And, of course, in recessive Stargardt disease, augmented RPE lipofuscin deposition precedes RPE atrophy and vision loss. Other known RPE lipofuscin fluorophores are of no less interest than A2E as they share key structural features. Like A2E, other bisretinoid lipofuscin fluorophores are subject to photooxidation and photodegradation with alltrans-retinal dimer being even more prone to oxidation than A2E. The process of photodegradation is not benign as it leads to the release of aldehyde-bearing molecular fragments that can be damaging. Some of these fragments are small dicarbonyls that are known to react with and damage protein provoking the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). Advanced glycation end products incite inflammatory processes and given their presence in drusen, reflect a link between RPE bisretinoid lipofuscin and the formation of sub-RPE deposits. In in vitro models, A2E and all-trans-retinal dimer incite complement activation. Grey and colleagues observed that oxidized A2E does not accumulate with age. This finding would not be surprising, if the oxidized species were degrading into damaging, small molecular fragments, as shown. Indeed, lower levels of A2E in the macula may be a consequence of greater lipofuscin photodegradation in central RPE with the latter explaining, at least in part, the propensity of the macula for disease. Interpretations of fundus autofluorescence are complex. While fundus AF generally signals the RPE, under some conditions intensified AF may be a read-out of amplified lipofuscin formation in impaired photoreceptor cells. Examples of this are the rapid onset of elevated fundus AF that colocalizes with scotomas associated with acute macular neuroretinopathy, the hyperautofluorescent rings observed in fundus AF images of RP patients, and the intense autofluorescence emanating from photoreceptor cell rosettes in a mouse model of experimental retinal detachment. Increased fundus AF associated with photoreceptor cell dysfunction after RPE atrophy or loss may explain why Smith and colleagues observed that areas of AF images exhibiting decreased or absent AF indicative of RPE atrophy can subsequently exhibit increased AF. Relatively lower levels of A2E in the macula could be intriguing in other ways. For instance, such a finding could indicate that local conditions in photoreceptor cells influence the species of bisretinoid generated in human photoreceptors. As precedent for this line of thinking, note that the lipofuscin fluorophore all-trans-retinal dimer is more abundant in Rdh8-/mice than in Abca4-/mice, while the reverse is true for A2E. Smith et al., express the importance of finding the missing fluorophore. Given the relatively long-wavelength spectral characteristics of lipofuscin, the most likely candidate fluorophores would be other bisretinoids or related molecules. Other contenders, such as retinaldehyde, flavoproteins, AGE-modified proteins or heme, do not have the spatial and/or spectral features consistent with a substantial contribution to fundus AF. While the view that RPE lipofuscin is a primary factor in initiating AMD is not proven, evidence indicating that lipofuscin is a participant in the etiology of AMD should not be ignored. Instead, efforts could be made to understand the possible intersection of RPE lipofuscin–related events with other factors, including age-related lipid accumulation in Bruch's membrane.


Chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are characterized by an inactive center and either a rim of activated microglia and macrophages filled with


Objective To analyze the sanitary status of supplies in public places in Tonghai county,so as to provide basis for better supervising the sanitation of public places. Methods Analysis was made on data of health monitoring situation and utensils of supplies in public places in Tonghai county,2011-2013. Results Among 1 355samples of supplies and utensils collected and exam ined during 2011-2013,1 185were qualified with the qualified rate of 87.45%.The qualified rate,2011was 88.58%,2012was 88.11%,2013was 85.81%(P 0.05);The passing rate of hotels(94.09%)was the highest,while that in public place of entertainment(78.71%)was the lowest(P 0.01);Of all articles,bedclothes had the highest qualified rate(98.17%),while cups had the lowest(76.17%)(P0.01). Conclusion The supervision and monitoring of washing,disinfection and sanitary condition of supplies and utensils in entertainment should be strengthened.


The simultaneous high precision measurement of shrinkage / swelling and sorption (mass change) combined with the density measurement by Helium pyenometry and the evaluation of the heat of fusion by DSC proves that there is a mutual interaction between pore water and solid in the submicroscopic gel system of hardened cement paste. It is controlled by dominant surface forces characterized especially by the disjoining pressure. Its attractive and repulsive terms stabilize the system at first in the upper vapor pressure region. Without pore water the repulsive term vanishes. The system shrinks until the attractive forces are balanced by the elastic response. When the thickness of the remaining adsorbed layer reduces the surface energy increases additionally. It can be linked either to surface tension or to the attractive part of disjoining pressure. Recent raw density measurement by Helium pyenometry show that the solid is not compressed excluding primarily the role of surface tension. Results starting with specimen in nascent status show that the first desorption is substantially different from later humidity changes. Following Hc-pycnomctry the density of pore water is at first near to bulk water and increases in later adsorption desorption cycles to high values between 1.15 g/cm to 1.25 g/cm. In addition the heat of fusion is reduced by app. 30 %. This proves that the gel water is highly structured by surface interaction. In the article the theoretical background of the new sight of the solid-liquid gel system is outlined. The stabilizing role of disjoining pressure explains why a gel and not a crystal is formed during hydration. With the evaporation of gel water this sensitive equilibrium is lost with consequences to the mechanical behavior of hep and concrete.


The literature on the history of politics in the modern Olympic Games and the use of the Olympic Games in poli tics has proliferated since the seventies. The bibliography treats books and journal articles published over the last decade?historical guides and surveys, memoirs, speeches, essays, biographies, government documents, and most significantly, critical analyses. While the Olympic Games remain the most important sporting event in the world, the literature attests that the Games may be perceived as a "propaganda war," a con test between nations, and inexorably intertwined with world politics. Every Olympic Games since 1936 has been rocked by international political controversy. An endan gered species, whose ideals have been eroded, the Games' future may be riding on Los Angeles 1984 for restoration of the IOC motto Sport for a World of Peace.


Objective: To explore the effect of c-raf-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) treaimeni in ihe human ovarian epithelial cancer transplanted subculaneously in nude mice. Methods:The models of human ovarian epithelial cancer transplanted sub-cutaneously were established in 15 nude mice, then divided randomly into 3 groups and different treatment were given respectively (control group,senseexperimental group and antisense experimental group). The weight of nude mice and tumor volume were observed, the tumor growth inhibitory rate and the tumor response rate calculated, too. Results: The growth inhibitory rate in sense experimental group and antisense experimental group were 6.8% and 68. 1 % respectively, the tumor response rate of antisense experimental group was 16.7%. There was no statistical difference in nude mice weight among the 3 groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a positive value in the human ovarian epithelial cancer transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice treated by c- raf-1 antisease oligodeoxynucleotides, which will be an important gene therapeutic strategy for the ovarian epithelial carcinoma in the future.


Ecuador is a country with a strong export potential of agricultural products, as evidenced by official statistics showing the presence of products such as bananas, coffee, cocoa, among others, as the main export products, especially to the United States market. United. Being a very important factor, for the incentive of these exports, the renewal of the preferences system, which allows entrepreneurs to generate projects in the field of agro-industry, in order to establish an added value to agricultural exports. In this sense, the feasibility of exporting a pre-mix of pancakes to the United States has been raised in this document. This food product will have as its main ingredients quinoa and bananas, which are two emblematic agricultural products of the mountain and coastal regions, respectively. To generate this project, it is necessary to have the necessary knowledge of consumer needs, to generate promotion actions focused on the target market, through a distribution channel in supermarkets in the city of Washington DC. The investment necessary to carry out the project has an amount of $ 78,830, which is financed with shareholder capital and bank financing. Based on the financial projections, it is determined that the project generates a sustainable profit and the capital invested is recovered within three and a half years.


In engaging in research we draw upon and develop meanings and concepts that help to frame what we do, how we do it and the meaning we make of it. In the process of framing, we exclude other possibilities from our research practices. To do research, then, is to engage in the fashioning of conceptual boundaries. This article explores the dilemmas of boundary‐making in the context of a research project aimed at exploring the border literacy practices of students in UK further education, those boundary‐crossing practices which relate to the everyday and more formal demands of the curriculum. This discussion is related to wider debates in the social sciences on the significance of boundaries and borders and their powerful effects on identities and actions.


The floodplain lakes form an integral component of various riverine systems globally and merit interest for biodiversity and ecology considerations. These remarks hold valid for the Indian floodplains and those of northeast India (NEI) in particular [1-3]. These wetlands form a lucrative source of inland fishery [4] of NEI and are locally known as 'beels' in Assam and pats in Manipur. Further, zooplankton contribute importantly to metazoan diversity and production of fish-food organisms in the wetlands but have yet received inadequate attention on their diversity and ecology in the floodplain lakes of India [1] while the related published ecology works from NEI are limited to reports from certain beels of Assam [5-7] and pats of Manipur [8,9].


Summary 1. Sarcomas have been produced in rats by imbedding subcutaneously various plastic films, namely cellophane, an alcohol-extracted cellophane, a commercial polyethylene, a very pure polyethylene and vinyl chloride film. 2. Sarcomas have been produced in mice, but in a lesser percentage of cases, by imbedding cellophane and pure polyethylene film. 3. Apparently impurities and additives in the films do not account for the production of these malignant tumors. 4. So far every plastic film tested has produced sarcomas in a certain percentage of instances. 5. Other foreign bodies, such as linters, surgical cotton and glass cover-slips similarly imbedded in the anterior wall of rats have not produced malignant tumors. 6. No adequate explanation of the mechanism of this carcinogenic effect of imbedded plastic films has been found. 7. The experiments have been limited to rats and mice.


A 77 GHz fully-integrated power amplifier (PA) with 50 Ω input and output matching has been realized in a general purpose 90 nm CMOS technology. In order to improve the output power and reduce the signal loss, a transformer and a short stub topology are employed respectively. The power amplifier achieves a saturated output power (Pout,sat) of +13.2 dBm and 1dB compressed output power (Pout,1dB) of +11.2 dBm with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 10.4% while operated with a 1.2 V supply.


Disseminated metastasis accounts for a majority of breast cancer deaths. Recently, elevated serum levels of a glycoprotein known as chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) has been correlated with poor prognosis in both breast cancer and asthmatic patients. We have combined mouse models of breast cancer and pulmonary inflammation to determine if CHI3L1 associated pulmonary inflammation accelerates metastasis. We found that allergic pulmonary inflammation significantly enhances primary tumor growth in 4T1, 4T07 and 67NR mammary tumors by 10-fold, while decreasing survival. 4T1 tumor bearers with allergic pulmonary inflammation showed a 100-fold increase in metastatic tumor formation. We also assessed CHI3L1 levels and myeloid cells in the lungs of wild type and CHI3L1 knockout mice with allergic pulmonary inflammation and 4T1 mammary tumors. CHI3L1 levels were higher in the lungs of mammary tumor bearers with allergic pulmonary inflammation and correlated with increased metastasis. Wild type mammary tumor bearers with allergic inflammation had higher numbers of myeloid cells in the lungs in comparison to CHI3L1 knockout tumor bearers with allergic pulmonary inflammation. CHI3L1 knockout mice tumor bearers had significantly fewer myeloid cells in the lungs, decreased tumor growth and metastasis, along with increased survival. We propose that increased CHI3L1 in the lungs attracts myeloid cells that promote tumor growth and breast cancer metastasis.


Objective To assess the clinical value of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism(PE) in patients with deep-vein thrombosis(DVT). Methods The implantation of vena caval filter was performed in 30 patients with DVT of lower extremities.A permanent filter was used in 14 cases,and temporary filter in 16.Of the 30 cases,27 received venous thrombolysis or thrombectomy combined with interventional thrombolytic therapy. Results All the filters were successfully inserted.Symptoms and signs completely disappeared in seven patients,remarkably recovered in 18 and partly recovered in five.No PE was documented during filter implantation.Temporary filters detained in vena cava for 26-40 days.One patient had recurrent PE two days after removal of the filter.Two patients with permanent filter presented inferior vana caval occlusion at six and 14 months,respectively. Conclusion Implantation of inferior vana caval filter is safe and effective in the prevention of PE.Permanent or temporary filter has its advantages and disadvantages.


In an ad hoc network, the routing protocol takes into account a variety of activities, including maintaining network connection, transmission scheduling, channel evaluation, and preserving network connectivity. Additionally, it determines network architecture. In addition, a number of different elements determines the performance of a routing protocol. These include node mobility, which is responsible for multiple link failures, support for quality of service (QoS), network size, the amount of traffic, and the level of security. The performance may occasionally also be affected by the manner in which the network is behaving in addition to the kinds of apps that are running in that environment. Selecting an appropriate protocol that is based on security is highly crucial in order to set up an effective network. A significant amount of effort has been put into improving the safety mechanisms that are built into routing protocols, most prominently in WSNs, MANETs, VANETs, and WMNs. Only MANET will be the topic of discussion here. Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a wireless network that does not need infrastructure and is composed of mobile nodes. Mobile ad-hoc network, also known as MANET, is one of the most promising forms of next-generation wireless networking technology. It has garnered a significant amount of interest because it is self-organized and can be deployed at a cheap cost. In comparison to a traditional network, a MANET presents a number of challenges that are especially difficult to overcome when it comes to the duty of routing. The many difficulties that are inherent with MANET have made it an excellent subject for academic investigation. This provides a concise overview of security in MANETs as well as the issues that relate to maintaining them. Understanding the different routing mechanisms and the potential attacks that might be mounted against them is the first step in designing a reliable security mechanism. Within the scope of this study effort, we have provided specifics on the detection and prevention of various routing attacks, with the primary emphasis being placed on the network layer assaults that are unique to MANET. When compared to other study fields, MANET presents the greatest challenge in terms of maintaining network security. In recent years, a significant amount of research has been carried out to investigate several forms of assault; nevertheless, most of the surveys have been carried out without any kind of performance analysis. There is a paucity of research that seeks to find an all-encompassing study of the impact of the many different attacks that bring the overall performance of the Adhoc network down. On the other hand, secure routing in the face of a black hole attack can be difficult because preferences are often incomplete. The in-degree centrality and importance degree measurement applied to the collected consensus-based trust from decision-makers solves the issue of incomplete preferences and improves the accuracy of trust at the same time. Utilizing Network Simulator, we examine how well the suggested approach works. Based on the findings of the simulations, it has been demonstrated that the detection accuracy and throughput of the proposed CREDIT are both significantly higher than those of existing work, making the proposed CREDIT scheme superior.


The two Jinchuan campaigns were fought between the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) of China and the Gyalrong tribes on the north-western marches of Sichuan province in the mid-eighteenth century. The first Jinchuan campaign (1747–1749) was inconclusive, although the belligerent chieftain of Great Jinchuan surrendered to the Qing. The second Jinchuan campaign (1770–1776) lasted for nearly six years and ended with the complete Qing conquest of the Jinchuan area. It was the most expensive war that the Qing Dynasty had ever fought in its frontier expansion.

Keywords:

eighteenth century;
Eastern Asia;
ethnicity;
violence;
war


Microcirculation transport system can improve transport service levels within the region. As the users of transport service, travelers' wishes and feelings are the key factors of evaluating the transport services. Obtaining the travel characteristics and demand of community residents, then convenient and efficient transport service systems can be designed, and Residents will be more satisfied on the trip. The travel of residents from large community in the suburbs is specified. Through field reconnaissance, field interviews, trip characteristics and attitude of the residents' survey, the information of traffic service facilities around the community is obtained, the transport behavioral characteristics of the residents is found, and transportation travel demand is analyzed. Considering the community local road traffic organization, public transport, non-motorized traffic space, static traffic organization, the design ideas and methods of microcirculation transport service system for a large community in the suburbs is proposed. Design is proposed for the specific case. A reference is provided for constructing microcirculation transport service system in the community.


Data-driven approaches to urban flooding management require a comprehensive understanding of how heterogenous data are leveraged in tackling this problem. In this paper, we conduct an integrative review of related studies, and this is structured based on two angles: tasks and data. From the selected 69 articles on this topic, diverse tasks in tackling urban flooding are identified and categorized into eight categories, and heterogeneous data are summarized by their content type and source into eight categories. The links between tasks and data are identified by synthesizing what data are used to support the tasks in the studies. The task–data links are a many-to-many relationship in the sense that one particular data category supports multiple tasks, and one particular task uses data from multiple categories. The future research opportunities are also discussed based on our observations. This paper serves a signpost for researchers who wish to gain an overview of the heterogenous data and their use in this field and lays a foundation for studies that aim to develop a data-driven approach to tackle urban flooding.


This article introduces a new way in which synthesizes 2-diphenylacety-1 and 3 indandione are synthesized by using chloral, iodomethane and dimethyl phthalate as raw materials. It has less steps and better yield than other ways. Their structures are confirmed by IR.


This paper proposes a sensorless speed control strategy for a permanent magnet synchronous motor system. Sliding mode control with a whale optimization algorithm was developed for robustness and chattering reduction. To estimate the position and speed of the rotor, an extended Kalman filter using Gaussian process regression was designed. In this controller, the whale optimization method adjusts the switching gain to minimize the tracking error. However, it provides chattering reduction and robustness, owing to the adaptive gain. The extended Kalman estimator calculates the rotor speed by using the current and voltage of the motor as an observer. The observer ensures the high reliability and low cost of the controller. The noise covariance and weight matrices that validated the performance of the estimation were optimized using a regression algorithm. The Gaussian process regression was trained to approximate the best covariance and matrices from the results of the motor controller execution. The performance of the proposed method was demonstrated through simulations under several conditions of tracking speed and load torque changes.


Let P,Q∈N~* and let {U_k},{V_k} be the generalized lucas sequences with parameters P and Q . when 2P, and Q=-1 the square terms of generalized lucas sequences are determined.


Two strains of Spirulina platensis; marked Sp-G and Sp-RB, were studied for their response to high photon flux densities (PFD). Sp-RB, a gas vacuolated strain, appeared more sensitive to the high PFD treatment as compared with Sp-G, a non-vacuolated strain. The loss of the photosynthetic activity due to the photoinhibitory treatment was obtained at the level of whole cells as well as the membrane level. Sp-RB was more sensitive than Sp-G at both levels. Experiments using chloramphenicol during the photoinhibition process, and others in which the fate of radioactive labeled thylakoid proteins was followed, indicated that the difference between the strains lies in the rate of loss of the Dl polypeptide with an electrophoretic mobility of 32-34 kDa. Both strains recovered from the photoinhibition when placed under low PFD. The recovery process started immediately after PFD was reduced, without any observed lag period, and was sensitive to chloramphenicol. Light was required for full recovery of activity. The rate of recovery of the two strains studied was very similar.


Jean Renoir's film La Règle du jeu (The Rules of the Game) was first shown in Paris, in 1939, and is now generally regarded as one of his masterpieces. But there is a strange side to the film. What most critics and reference books say concerning it—and they tend to say much the same thing—does not, to put it bluntly, square with the facts. What they say is that La Règle du jeu is about an aristocratic house-party that is a microcosm of the corruptness and exhaustion of French society on the eve of World War II. Far from perceiving in La Règle du jeu evidence of the "corruption" and "exhaustion" in French society that led to the country's defeat and occupation by the Germans during World War II, however, the author of this essay attempts to see the film for what it is—not for what historicist critics want it to be.


In view of increasing income and efficiency questions of highway engineering projects,in this paper taken practical work as example and combined with self working experiences construction cost control measures of highway works in construction process are discussed from construction,material,machine and other aspects,in order to save cost,obtain optimum return and increase economic benefits.


Liquid-phase hydrogenation of isomeric cresol was investigated by zeolite-supported polyvinyl alcohol– amino acid–platinum complex catalyst under mild conditions (50°C, 1 atm). The catalyst was found to be very active and stable in the reaction. The initial rates for the hydrogenation of three isomeric cresols decreased in the following order m-cresol > o-cresol > p-cresol. Transmethylcyclohexanol is the most favored product for each of the three cresols in cyclohexane solvent. The yields and the cis/trans ratios of the end products were affected by the solvents and amino acids selected. The catalyst can be recycled for more than three times in the hydrogenation reactions without appreciable loss in activity. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The white blood cell (WBC) segmentation and classification is a challenging task, due to the different shapes of the nucleus, cytoplasm and the number of lobes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for fast and accurate segmentation of leukocyte in smear images by a convolutional neural network (CNN) model and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) approach. The first step is the usage of white balance and selfdual multiscale morphological toggle (SMMT) to increase the contrast between the nucleus and cytoplasm. To segment, each WBC and corresponded nucleus and cytoplasm regions, a CNN model with 10 layers and GMM are used, respectively. In the postprocessing step, removing undesired objects by size, closing, and filling morphological operations are applied to each segment. The proposed method is validated on peripheral smear blood images in Cellavision dataset. This dataset contains 27 images which include different types of normal leukocytes. In order to evaluate the proposed method, the Dice coefficient, Jaccard and F1-score are used. The experimental results demonstrate the high accuracy for segmentation results of different types of WBC.


The throw signals of hydropower unit are nonlinear and nonstationary due to the noise generated by its operation. In the face of the complexity of such signals and the limitation of traditional signal decomposition methods, a method for the analysis of vibration signals is proposed based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and approximate entropy (ApEn). In this method, the throw signals are first decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components by CEEMD, and then the ApEn of each component is calculated, which is used to filter the signals of each component with the characteristics of anti-interference and anti-noisiness. Finally, the throw signals are reconstructed. Through the MATLAB analysis of simulated signals and real-world signals, it can be found that with the same operation, the residual auxiliary noise after de-noising through CEEMD method is much smaller than that through EEMD method. A better de-noising effect can be obtained through the new method, which can be a new approach to the analysis of hydropower unit vibrations.


Molecular vibrational polaritons, hybrid quasi-particles formed by molecular vibrations and cavity photons through strong light–matter coupling, have attracted much attention due to their potential...


A partially purified preparation of canine antihemophilic factor was obtained utilizing amino acids as precipitating agents. This AHF preparation was used as the antigen in an immunologic investiga...


A new, simple process for fabricating light, modulator on integrated circuits is presented. The modulators are capable of video-rate analog amplitude or phase modulation.


Abstract Enzymic milk coagulation consists of several phases. Initial hydrolysis of κ -casein reduces colloidal stability of casein micelles, allowing aggregation by random diffusion. Aggregation rate is initially slow but can be observed well before visual coagulation occurs. Enzymic coagulation actually occurs when a critical aggregate volume is reached and the system changes from aggregating particles to an extended gel network.


Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the long-term trends in historical climate variables using the data collected near the classical Breton Plots (Alberta, Canada) and to determine if the data show any evidence of local climate change. The climate data used for the study were obtained from the Alberta Climate Information Service for the years 1901–2020. Various parametric statistical analyses were conducted to determine if monotonic trends occurred in the climate variables over time, and the analyses were conducted on the annual data as well as the 30 year climate normals. Large fluctuations in annual climate variables occurred, but a positive linear trend was observed in the average annual and growing season minimum air temperatures over time. Between 1901 and 2020 the annual minimum air temperature average increased at a rate of 0.3 °C for every 10 years. During the winter periods (December, January, and February, inclusive) from 1901 to 2020, the minimum air temperature average increased at an even higher rate of 0.5 °C every 10 years. Overall, the 30 year climate normals for minimum and maximum air temperatures increased for most seasons. The rates of increase were largest over the winter period, at 0.5 °C every 10 years for minimum air temperature and at 0.3 °C every 10 years for maximum air temperature. Strong linear increases occurred over time for growing degree days, number of frost-free days, total annual precipitation, growing season precipitation, and off-season precipitation.


► The multivariate index assay (MVA) was evaluated in an intended-use population of non-gynecologic oncology practices. ► The MVA demonstrated high sensitivity and NPV for ovarian malignancy. ► The MVA correctly identified 83.3% malignancies missed by clinical impression and 70.8% cases missed by CA125-II. ☆ This study was funded by Vermillion Inc., Austin, TX ⁎ Corresponding author at: Division of Gynecologic O Building 56, Room 260, Orange, CA 92868, USA. Fax: + E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (R.E. Bristow). 0090-8258/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.11.022 a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o


Summary: Approximately 90% of cervical cancers are considered preventable through regular screening and the treatment of precursor lesions, but fewer than 20% of South Australian women were found to have been screened in 1984.


[Objective] The optimal craft of preparing conjugated linoleic acid from corn germ oil by dint of microwave method was studied.[Method] Microwave power,microwave mode of action,the amount of catalyst and solvent were selected for single-factor-experiment.Then,based on the single-factor-experiment,the catalyst and solvent amount,and microwave function time were chosen for orthogonal experiment so as to determine the optimal craft of preparing CLA from corn germ oil.UV absorption spectra and infrared absorption spectrum were used to analyse the structural features of natural corn germ oil and CLA.[Result] The optimal preparation condition was as follow:the catalyst was 0.6 times heavier than oil,solvent was 3 times heavier than oil weight,microwave worked for ten minutes.Under the optimal condition,CLA was 56.3% and conversion rate was 99.47 %.The results indicated that non-conjugated double bonds of linoleic acid can be isomerized and changed into conjugated double bonds under the conditions of microwave irradiation.[Conclusion] The study provided a new way for the preparation of CLA.


This paper describes an application of Graph-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for navigation of a vehicle on the ground. The application uses 3 dimensional range data from a Light Detection And Ranging (Lidar) sensor equipped on the vehicle. The results show that if the measurement provides information relating just only nearby way points, the SLAM provides vehicle trajectory and map which are at the best similar to those provided by dead reckoning. It can provide global trajectory and map if the measurement yields relative transformation between some far apart way points.


The maneuverability of a satellite to perform nadir and off-nadir offers an excellent opportunity for gathering valuable information in the time of disaster events. This paper aims to compare how LAPAN-A3 spectral quality changed with different acquisition modes. Three scenes of LAPAN-A3 with different acquisition modes ranging from nadir to extreme off-nadir mode were analyzed. Using Sentinel-2A Multispectral Instrument data as the reference, geometric co-registration was performed, and the Root Mean Square Error was kept at maximum (<2.5 pixels). Pseudo-invariant features were selected semi-automatically using threshold values based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Water Index. The digital number produced then compared to Sentinel-2A data. Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as linear regression, was calculated for four corresponding bands. Generally, the results show a decreased correlation value between the corresponding datasets as the roll-angle increased. The correlation value went down from 0.623 (Off-Nadir) to 0.497 (Extreme off-nadir) on Near-infrared band.


Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) has been used as a standard technique for the evaluation of coronary artery disease for many years. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers higher resolution, faster image acquisition speeds and greater sensitivity than the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Recently developed frequency domain OCT (FD-OCT) systems overcome many technical limitations of conventional time domain OCT systems (TDOCT). The main objective of this study was to compare the FD-OCT and QCA measurements for the assessment of coronary lesions. A total of 21 stenoses in 18 patients were analysed using QCA and FD-OCT. The average minimum lumen diameter (MLD) and percent lumen area stenosis (%AS) by QCA were 1.52±0.44 mm and 68±9% respectively. The average MLD and %AS by FD-OCT were 1.32±0.38 mm and 63±14% respectively. There was a moderate but significant correlation between QCA and FD-OCT measured MLD (r = 0.5, p < 0.01) and %AS (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean differences between the QCA and FD-OCT measurements were 0.18±0.81 (limits of agreement: -0.63 to 0.99) for MLD and 4.4±22.8 (limits of agreement: -18.4 to 27.2) for %AS. The root mean square error (RMSE) between the QCA and FD-OCT measured MLD and %AS was ±0.44 mm and ±12.1% respectively.


Methodology of systems analysis has received wide practical application as widespread universal methodology of scientific researches. Its effectiveness is shown in both researches and elaboration of complex objects with large number of connections between structural components, and in process of student learning, especially in higher education system. Features of use of basic principles of system analysis for decision of problems of modeling of objects of power engineering, in particular their representation in disciplines of electric specialties are considered. Examples of definition of categories of systems theory (super system, system, subsystem, element, process) which improve students' understanding of essence of modeling in electro energetic are represented. Importance of consideration of relationships between components of system model, possibility of change of efficiency of functioning ofsystem, and even its functions, when change both components of system and relationships between them are explained. Definition of components of model of type "black box"and sequence of complication of structural model are considered on example of system "Power engineering". Possible variants of structural models at steps of detailing, their dependence on purpose of research or discipline studied by students are shown.


The dwindling supply of 3He has necessitated the adoption of new technologies for detection of neutrons especially in Homeland Security (HS), where detectors require large volumes of the precious gas. The boron-coated straw (BCS) technology consists of very thin-walled metal tubes equipped with a highly robust coating of 10B4C on the inner wall. The coating, applied with Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), is atomically bound to the metal substrate, and it is able to resist delamination over a temperature range from -200° C to 1000° C. Accelerated lifetime testing of sealed straw detectors over extreme temperature ranges (-70° C to +125° C) have recently demonstrated a 99% expected lifetime of 30 years. At the same time, the coating purity is high, with a 10B content approaching 77%. Straws stacked 5 deep in a dense array have demonstrated an efficiency of > 70% when evaluated in a cold neutron beam. A number of field worthy HS detectors have been developed over the past 2 years based on the BCS. Examples are presented, including neutron modules for Radiation Portal Monitors (RPM), a vehicle mounted modular detector with an intrinsic efficiency of 30% for unmoderated 252Cf neutrons, and handheld detectors. All of these systems have been government tested. The 10B4C coated straw offers a highly versatile, robust and low cost technology meeting multiple needs in homeland and international security.


Halftoning is a method for creating the illusion of continuous tone output with a binary device.This paper applied K-means clustering method to digital halftoning.The algorithm applied both a printer model and a model for the human visual system(HVS) to furthest minimize the perceived error between the continuous original image and the halftone image.Firstly,the method partitioned the gray image into two,three and four regions using K-means image segmentation method.Each clustering region used the least-squares model-based(LSMB) algorithm.Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can produce better image smoothing and edge sharpness,especially the parts of image detail while increasing the number of clustering.Compared with the LSMB algorithm,it decreases the mean square error(MSEv) performance for the proposed algorithm,increases the weighted signal-to-noise ratio(WSNR) and the peak signal noise ratio(PSNR) performance for proposed algorithm by 0.2 to 2 dB.Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Introduction: The national scientific production on COVID-19 has an immediate role in developing policies to tackle the disease and in guiding clinical decisions. Objective: To identify and characterize the scientific production on topics related to COVID-19 in Brazil in national journals from articles published between December 1, 2019, and May 2, 2020. Method: Scoping review, whose search for articles occurred in the SciELO Collection Brazil and on the websites of journal Visa em Debate and Ciencia & Saude Coletiva. The validated database was assessed by a simple quantitative analysis to provide numerical summaries of the characteristics of interest in the literature included in the review. Results: 58 (20.8%) articles from 22 national journals were included. The largest number of articles came from journals that developed fast publishing options or that had been adopting a continuous flow publication model (n = 45, 77.6%). The articles were framed in four categories, among seven defined: Comment (n = 43, 74.1%), Descriptive study (n = 8, 13.8%), Literature review (n = 6, 10.4 %) and Analytical study (n = 1, 1.7%). Only one systematic review was found and the analytical study was classified as an ecological study. April concentrated 86.2% of the articles published, with the peak of publications occurring on April 9 (8 articles). Among 58 articles, "Social isolation, mental health and other aspects related to social behaviours" was the most prevalent theme (n = 14, 24.1%). Conclusions: This scoping review produced a map of scientific production on COVID-19 in Brazil. There are important gaps, especially concerning randomized clinical trials and cohort studies, which need to be filled on further research in our country.


The first study of the underlying mechanism of noise generation in SCUBA was reported at the previous 153rd ASA meeting (D. Donskoy, Acoustic Emission Mechanism from Scuba Diving Equipment). It was shown that the primary originating source of SCUBA vibration and subsequent acoustic emission is a combination of non‐stationary shocks and separated turbulent flow that occurs within the first stage air pressure regulator during the inhale phase of breathing. The separation mechanism is due to a combination of two factors: Shock‐induced separation and geometrical discontinuities in the regulator's internal surface topology. The separated flow manifests itself through the presence of three‐dimensional vortices and turbulent pressure fluctuations that excite structural resonances of the regulator and connected air tank, resulting in a complicated resonance dynamic behavior of the system. For the air flow dynamic analysis, we utilized a scale‐adaptive detached eddy simulation model, which is based on the solution...


With the increase of the size and capacity of hydrogenerating unit, the stability has been the key to hydropower plant. The vibration test is one of the most important means to evaluate the performances of the unit. Among the signals we have got, including those of Ertan Hydropower Station, it is hard to explain the exceptional signal at low frequency. This paper discusses this kind of exceptional signals in the laboratory and field tests. It will be useful to get the proper results in further field test research.


InP/Si engineered substrates formed by wafer bonding and layer transfer have the potential to significantly reduce the cost and weight of III-V compound semiconductor solar cells. InP/Si substrates were prepared by He implantation of InP prior to bonding to a thermally oxidized Si substrate and annealing to exfoliate an InP thin film. Following thinning of the transferred InP film to remove surface damage caused by the implantation and exfoliation process, InGaAs solar cells lattice-matched to bulk InP were grown on these substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics of the InGaAs cells fabricated on the wafer-bonded InP/Si substrates were comparable to those synthesized on commercially available epi-ready InP substrates, and had a ~20% higher short-circuit current which we attribute to the high reflectivity of the InP/SiO2/Si bonding interface. This work provides an initial demonstration of wafer-bonded InP/Si substrates as an alternative to bulk InP substrates for solar cell applications.


Big swings in international iron ore market have been paid widespread attention in recent years. To study its fluctuation characteristics, the seasonality of China's imported iron ore throughput (IIOT) are investigated. First, the status quo of China's IIOT in coastal ports is analyzed. The affecting factors of IIOT are discussed. Secondly, statistical data of China's IIOT is seasonally adjusted by the X-12-ARIMA method. The empirical results indicate that there exists obvious seasonality for China's IIOT. Averagely, the imported volumes are higher in March and April, but lower in August and October. Finally, some affecting factors of IIOT seasonality are discussed.


Antimicrobial resistance is a feature of the current topography of clinical sepsis, and in the future, fewer and fewer new antibiotics, especially those from novel classes1, will be developed to address these problems. Effective antimicrobial treatment is necessary to ensuring good patient outcomes. Increased duration of stay, multidrug-resistant infections, and death can result from improper or inefficient use of antibiotics. Patients in intensive care who are critically sick are at risk for antibiotic failure and secondary infections brought on by improper antibiotic usage, especially those with severe sepsis and septic shock. Providers can speed up the treatment of common intensive care unit (ICU) infections by starting active empiric antibiotic therapy based on local susceptibilities, daily review of infection signs and symptoms, and, where practical, restricting antibiotic therapy. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. As a result of drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines become ineffective and infections become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat. Early detection of septic patients enables the use of evidence-based therapies, including goal-directed resuscitation, rapid antibiotic administration, and activated protein C. It may be simpler to provide appropriate care for sepsis if this clinical entity is divided into several phases and new delivery structures that span traditional boundaries are implemented. More specialized treatments will be possible with a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the illness process.


In this paper,the main points of structure design of passive solar house in Xiaoguai village in Kelamayi suburb were introduced.Furthermore,the issues of comfort,energy-saving and economy of the experimental house were estimated.


The optimized scale removal reactor was developed through FLUENT fluid dynamic modeling in order to protect the deposition of calcium hardness from high cycled cooling tower water on the heat transfer surface of industrial heat exchangers. Electrolytic scale removal is based on the generation of a high pH environment around the cathode inside a scale removal reactor. The calcium hardness in the cooling water is removed in the form of calcium carbonate. The application of the developed scale removal reactor could substitute the injection method of scale inhibitors into cooling water system. The results of fluid dynamic modeling are discussed, and the optimization design conditions are proposed in this paper.


Multi-fidelity uncertainty quantification using RANS and DNS for turbulent flow is explored. The objective is to achieve statistical results of higher quality than obtainable through RANS simulation but with significantly lower cost than by using DNS. The novelty of this work is that previous research on multi-fidelity modeling for uncertainty quantification in CFD has only investigated the use of partially converged or coarser mesh solutions as lower-fidelity models. This ensured a high correlation and low bias between the two models. A multi-fidelity solution combining RANS and DNS is potentially more beneficial but also more difficult to achieve. The use of two models with such large conceptual differences makes the correlation between the models more challenging. We therefore investigate two recent methods for model combination: a multi-grid approach of nested optimal Gaussian sparse grids and weighted regression favoring high-fidelity collocation points. The results show that a beneficial connection between the two models is indeed difficult, because the correlation between the responses is overall low. However, there are quantities for which the correlation is high enough and others for which a sufficiently high correlation can be achieved using trust-region correction methods.


Postoperative idiopathic intussusception is considered to be a distinct entity, and has been reported following different operations. We present a 45-year-old female with postoperative ileoileal intussusception following a transverse loop colostomy for sigmoid volvulus, in which there was a kinked loop of bowel forming the lead point. The pathogenesis and literature review of this disorder is discussed.


Purpose: The aim of this research is to analyze the bibliometric and altmetric scores of highly cited articles in the area of age related macular degeneration (AMD) research and to assess the correlations between them.
Material and methods: The data of publications in last decade were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database using "age related macular degeneration" as a search term. The top 100 cited articles (T100)  list was analyzed by author name, publication year, main topic, study type, journal name, journal impact factor (IF), H-index, total citation number (TCN), average citation per year (ACpY), Altmetric attention score (AAS), and number of tweets (NTs). VOSviewer software was utilized for  visualization of  bibliometric data.
Results: We discovered 16.984 articles in the last decade. The median values for TCN and AAS were 221 (IQR 178–380.75) and 13 (IQR 4-37.75), respectively in T100 list. The majority of the highly cited articles in AMD research have mainly focused on AMD treatment (n=34), especially anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. However, social attention was primarily on the stem cell therapy. While AAS and NTs did not have significant correlation with TCN, they did show a significant positive correlation with ACpY. AAS and NTs showed significant positive correlation with journal IF and H-index.
Conclusion: Treatment for AMD is the most interested issue in the area. Stem cell therapies are popular on social media. The interest of social media is on articles that continue to be cited over the years rather than articles with high total citations.


The use of internal office applications is increasingly being applied by companies to facilitate employees' work. One of them is PT. Sigma Cipta Caraka (Telkomsigma) uses the Operational Management application to record and report the daily activity of the services offered. This research goal is to measure user experience on the acceptance of applications by employees where there are still some troubles regarding the use or flow that is not efficient. The researcher uses the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) method, which aims to explain the influence of factors on the acceptance of an application or system. The research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 29 employees who had used internal operational management applications. The result of the questionnaires will be processed using SmartPLS. The result showed that the value of R square on perceived usefulness was 0.350, perceived ease of use was 0.396, attitude toward using 0,641, intention to use was 0.554, and actual usage was 0.554. for the value of F square of attitude toward using on intention to use has a value of 1.313, compatibility towards perceived usefulness of 0.492, compatibility towards perceived usefulness 0.654, complexity toward perceived ease of use 0.059, complexity towards perceived ease of use 0.003, intention to use toward actual usage 1.244, perceived usefulness towards attitude toward using 0.528, and perceived ease of use against attitude toward using 0.289.


The primary purposes of this study were to identify the perceived importance of motivations and activities for travel to a rural destination, and to determine whether these variables were influenced by the tourist's place of residence. The study is based on an on-line survey completed by 1,048 individuals. A series of independent t-tests were used to determine whether there were differences in the motivations and preferred activities of rural residents versus urban residents, while canonical correlation analysis revealed relationships between the two sets of variables (motivations and activities). Findings suggest that rural destinations appeal to both rural and urban residents. In some instances, differences with regards to the motivations and activity preferences of these two groups were identified. Correlations between the motivations and activity preferences of respondents also suggest that rural tourists are interested in activities that are aligned with their initial motivations for deciding to travel to a rural area.


In the determination of stability constants of metal complexes, usually the measurements of the activities of free metal ions at very low levels are required. The electrode response of an Orion Model 94–29 copper(II) ion selective electrode at very low activity levels was studied in the various metal buffers composed of copper(II) ions and an excess of ligand. Usually the linear calibration range of the copper(II) ion selective electrode was extended to very low activity levels in the presence of a strong complexing agent. The stability constants of copper(II) complexes with acetate, ammonia, ethylenediamine, glycine, iminodiacetic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline, etc. were determined successfully. In the cases of EDTA and NTA, however, the lower limit of the linear calibration range was abnormally high and the stability constant of copper–EDTA or –NTA chelate could not be obtained. Some experimental results on the potentiometric titration of copper(II) ion with EDTA were also presented.


In order to understand the mechanical properties of the soybean protein fibers (simply called SPF) in different processing condition, the tensile and frictional properties of the SPF are measured with different instruments. By the analysis of the results, the following conclusions can be deduced: bleaching has an influence on decreasing tenacity at break for each test modality. Knotted and looped modalities decrease fiber tenacity remarkably in all three samples, and the same occurs with elongation at break. Looped modalities show lower tenacity and elongation at break, the lowest being the bleached fibers in looped modalities.


Modern advances in medicine have meant that young people with liver disease now have the opportunity to live into adolescence and adulthood. However, this comes at a cost; regular trips to doctors/hospital and often a regime of lifelong daily medication. Traditional models of medicine for acute illness require health professionals to manage and deliver treatments; however, chronic illness requires the medical team to share this responsibility, with the young person taking on the majority of management, either in the form of taking medications or adhering to lifestyle choices. This chapter will discuss pertinent psychological issues and challenges for the professional working with the young person with liver disease together with suggestions which may help.


The solution behaviour of sodium dodecyl sulphate have been investigated by measuring velocity, density and viscosity at different temperatures in the range 308°K323°K at an interval of 5°K. The interaction between ion and water molecules can be described using hydration number values for aqueous solutions of electrolyte. Adiabatic compressibility, apparent molal volume and apparent molal compressibility for the above electrolyte SDS are determined using the theoretical formulations. Using the assumption that compressibility of the solution is mainly due to the contribution of free solvent molecules, a new methodology for finding the hydration number has been developed by Kalyanasundaram et al. Based on that method, hydration number for sodium dodecyl sulphate is calculated. From the calculated values of hydration number, molar solvated volume is determined using different formulae and found to be in agreement.


Bangkalan Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) there are 2 types of employees. Among them are permanent employees and contract employees, employee performance appraisal is still done by using the DP3 system (Daftar Pelaksanaan Penilaian Pekerjaan). While on contract employees there has not been a measured system so that the assessment is done in accordance with the work that has been done. Assessment of contract employees is done by measuring using spencer competence. Selected some criteria that will be used are the spirit of achievement, Proactive, Organizational Awareness, Group Cooperation, Conceptual Thinking, Technical Skills / Professional, Flexible. Used AHP to perform performance appraisal, then do scoring with BARS and calculated wages earned on each employee. The weight value obtained by each criterion is the spirit of achievement has a weight (0.358), proactive criteria have weight (0.182), organizational awareness criteria (0.139) , Criteria for group cooperation (0.113), conceptual thinking criteria (0.085), technical / professional expert criteria have weight (0.057), flexibility criteria have weight (0,038), criteria of commitment to organization has weight (0.027)  Keywords: Performance Assessment, Spencer Competence, Analytical Hierarchy Process, BARS, Wage Calculation


BACKGROUND: Diaphragmatic respiratory effort during mechanical ventilation is an important determinant of patient outcome, but direct measurement of diaphragmatic contractility requires specialized instrumentation and technical expertise. We sought to determine whether routinely collected clinical variables can predict diaphragmatic contractility and stratify the risk of diaphragm atrophy. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study on diaphragm ultrasound in mechanically ventilated subjects. Clinical variables, such as breathing frequency, ventilator settings, and blood gases, were recorded longitudinally. Machine learning techniques were used to identify variables predicting diaphragm contractility and stratifying the risk of diaphragm atrophy (> 10% decrease in thickness from baseline). Performance of the variables was evaluated in mixed-effects logistic regression and random-effects tree models using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: Measurements were available for 761 study days in 191 subjects, of whom 73 (38%) developed diaphragm atrophy. No routinely collected clinical variable, alone or in combination, could accurately predict either diaphragm contractility or the development of diaphragm atrophy (model area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.63–0.75). The risk of diaphragm atrophy was not significantly different according to the presence or absence of patient-triggered breaths (38.3% vs 38.6%; odds ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.05–2.03). Diaphragm thickening fraction < 15% during either of the first 2 d of the study was associated with a higher risk of atrophy (44.6% vs 26.1%; odds ratio 2.28, 95% CI 1.05–4.95). CONCLUSIONS: Diaphragmatic contractility and the risk of diaphragm atrophy could not be reliably determined from routinely collected clinical variables and ventilator settings. A single measurement of diaphragm thickening fraction measured within 48 h of initiating mechanical ventilation can be used to stratify the risk of diaphragm atrophy during mechanical ventilation.


Follow this and additional works at: http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_jurisprudence Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Evidence Commons, Feminist Philosophy Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Law and Gender Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Legal History Commons, Legal Theory Commons, Litigation Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other Philosophy Commons, Rule of Law Commons, and the Sexuality and the Law Commons


Problem Statement: In the recent decades water scarcity and its impacts on agricultural sectors and food security are growing concerns worldwide. Water scarcity is one the major problem facing agricultural production in Iran. In this context valuation of irrigation water can be suggest as an appropriate solution. Approach: This research based on utilizing hedonic pricing method for estimating effective variables on the value of agricultural lands and used a way, for obtaining the value of irrigation water in Mashhad. Sensitive analysis is also used for observation of varieties in the value of water. Results: Results showed that, irrigation water is the most effective and significant variable in the controversial area. Results of the sensitive analysis indicated that, by increasing discount rate, the value of water increased. Whereas by decreasing period of investment and annual consumption of water, the value of it, decreased. Conclusion: In the case of agricultural lands are allocated to cultivation of valuable crops, discount rate of investment would increase; and also if agricultural lands invested in quick return activities, period of investment decrease. And therefore, the value of irrigation water in m-3 increases. Results indicated that by decrease of aridity and so increase in water consumption, in a long run period of investment, value of irrigation water decreases.


Fusarium is considered as a devastating fungal menace of the most prevalent fungus on maize, particularly in USA, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. It causes Fusarium stalk rot on plants, which is considered as major threat to production of maize, accompanied by small losses to total wipeout of the crop. This disease is more prevalent in area where water stress occurs after flowering stage of the crop. Owing to its soil borne infection pathway, fungicidal control of Fusarium stalk rot is not effective. A number of quantitative trait loci have been identified which will help to expedite breeding program against Fusarium stalk rot. Moreover, various chemical and biological control methods have been developed, but major emphasis is on development of maize cultivars with genetic resistance to Fusarium stalk rot for environment friendly control of the disease. Sustainable maize cultivatio n is continuously challenged by diseases that cause quantitative and qualitative losses in yield. Apart from abiotic stresses a number of fungal, viral and bacterial pathogens have been reported causing different diseases in maize (Payak and Sharma, 1980). Fusarium Stalk Rot (FSR), Rajasthan Downy mildew, Maydis leaf blight, Banded leaf and sheath blight, Curvularia leaf spot, Brown stripe Downy mildew and Turcicum leaf blight are major diseases of maize. Among these diseases of maize Fusarium stalk rot of maize is caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg ( = Fusarium moniliforme (Sheldon), was first reported from United States of America by Pammel in 1914 as a serious root and stalk diseases. Later Valleau (1920) indicated that Fusarium moniliforme was a primary cause of root rot and stalk rot of maize. Subsequently this disease has also been reported from several countries like Canada (Conner, 1941), U.K. (Butler, 1947), Hungary (Podhradszky, 1956), North America (Kucharek and Kommedahl, 1966), Russia (Ivaschenko, 1989) and China (Wu et al., 1973). In India Fusarium stalk rot was first reported from Mount Abu, Rajasthan (Arya and Jain, 1964). Fusarium stalk rot was observed in the plant age group of 55 to 65 days which coincides with tasselling and silking and immediately followed grain formation stage. At these stages the stem reserves are depleted and most of the carbohydrates are


Aiming at the specialty and problem of college computer basic course of non-computational specialities in our university,this paper puts forward a illustrative case oriented multi-level、multi-style teaching model based on students of different specialities.Throughout the teaching process,this teaching model foots on foundation、properly extend、emphasize particularly on application,serving students of different specialities and different tier,thereby improving the self-studying and innovating ability of our students,stimulating the improvement of our teaching quality.


The application of natural polysaccharides in novel drug delivery systems to deliver the bioactive agents has been hampered by the synthetic polymers. The main benefits of the natural polysaccharides are their biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, abundant and economic. Because of the advances in drug delivery technology, natural polysaccharides are included in novel drug delivery to fulfill multitask functions and in some cases directly or indirectly control the extent and/or rate of drug release. Substantial research efforts have been directed towards developing safe and efficient natural based polysaccharide particulate drug delivery systems. The present work outlines the natural based okra mucilage and their isolation, purification, standardization and characterization along with their biological applications are covered.


In this paper, an analysis of traveling-wave optical modulator with thick trapezoidal cross-sectional electrodes on multilayered dielectric substrate is presented. The method of analysis uses a combination of the conformal mapping technique and the variational principle.


Based on an analysis of the status quo and problems of the study on integrated accounting of national resources and economy, the intension and objects of mineral resource accounting (MRA) are defined. The theoretical foundation and valuation methods of MRA are expounded. Finally, a theoretical framework for MRA and some modified models for national accounting indicators are given.


An inexpensive and reproducible method for monitoring rangelands over the northern range (NR) of Yellowstone National Park was developed utilizing Landsat imagery. A 1999 map of rangeland vegetation communities was created using boosted classification tree analysis. The 1999 map and a 1985 image were utilized in a change vector analysis resulting in a classified map for 1985. Classification accuracies ranged from 72.30 percent to 83.65 percent for the 1999 map and 72.60 percent to 88.73 percent for the 1985 map, depending upon level of class detail, demonstrating that Landsat-class data can be effectively used for efficient change analysis that maintains accuracy while reducing compound error. Spatial patterns of change were compared to theories from other studies related to change in the NR and were found to be consistent with effects from fire suppression, precipitation, and urban growth but not with trophic cascade from wolves or beaver effects.


This study examined the relationship between occupational status, as measured by the ANU3_2 scale, and selected psychological dispositions. The results, drawn from a sample of 490 subjects across the Sydney metropolitan area, found systematic difference for four dispositions. A negative relationship was found between occupational status and preference for stability/regularity, stress/challenge avoidance, and lack of future focus/confidence. A positive relationship was found between status and emphasis placed on striving towards stand-out achievement. The possible sources of development and the reinforcers of these dispositions are discussed. The conclusion is that these dispositions are associated with distinctive behavioural tendencies that act to constrain those further down the scale.


he idea of an independent integrated Central Asian expanse was born when perestroika in theSoviet Union was on its last legs. There was the strong feeling that the crisis of Soviet statehoodgave rise to numerous and multiplying challenges that needed to be opposed by all means. Forthe first time in their Soviet history the local republics were confronted with a very real need to act ontheir own to cope with the problems created by the Union center's loss of ideological, political, andadministrative competence.In the past, the Central Asian republics developed under Moscow's supervision; the center-in-itiated perestroika reforms led to a breakdown in economic ties between the region and Moscow. TheCentral Asian republics found themselves in a quandary; they gradually became convinced that theyhad reached the point of no return. Under these conditions, the local political elites tried to compen-sate for the lost economic ties with the center by establishing contacts among themselves. It was tac-itly accepted that they would stay within the Soviet Union, while the Union itself would transform(without dropping its Soviet nature) from a unitary into a genuinely federal state (which meant it wouldacquire the form it should have had from the very beginning). As distinct from the Baltic and someother republics, neither the political community, nor the ruling circles, nor society in the Central Asianrepublics as a whole wanted any other arrangement prior to August 1991, which brought new politicalforces to power in Russia. The frantic efforts of the Central Asian republics at the late stage of per-estroika to organize regional integration fell through.The Soviet Union collapsed when the Soviet government was liquidated; the Central Asian repub-lics, one after another, declared themselves independent states. This was done in a hurry under the pres-sure of fear that the new rulers in Moscow would try to restore pre-Soviet, albeit modernized, order acrossthe still Soviet expanse. After beginning to fill their theoretical independence with real content in 1990by declaring their national sovereignties within the U.S.S.R., they found this prospect distasteful.Together with the Soviet Union's disintegration, the region fell apart into smaller units—the newlyindependent states—causing even worse hardships for the man in the street than the last period ofperestroika. The disappearance of the unified state came as a shock—political, social, economic, hu-manitarian and, not least of all, psychological. No wonder a fairly large share of the local populationstill looks at restoring a more or less integrated regional expanse as one of the remedies.At the turn of the 21st century, the development of new realities in Central Asia received a newimpetus. In the wake of 9/11, the United States and its Western allies increased and confirmed theirpolitical, financial, economic, military, and information presence in the region in the course of theanti-Taliban military operation. This ended Russia's nearly 150-year-long monopoly in the region,urged China, Iran, and other countries to step in, and intensified post-Soviet rivalry among the worldpowers. The flow of drugs that crosses the region amazed no one: the war against the Taliban sent updrug production in Afghanistan. The repeated attempts to involve the region in globalist projects ofall sorts and hues are another everyday reality.


The urban environment is becoming increasingly more connected and complex. In the coming decades, we will be surrounded by billions of sensors, devices, and machines, the Internet of Things (IoT). As the world becomes more connected, we will become dependent on machines and simulation to make decisions on our behalf. When simulation systems use data from sensors, devices and machines (i.e., things) to make decisions, they need to learn how to trust that data, as well as the things they are interacting with. As embedded simulation becomes more commonplace in IoT and smart city applications, it is essential that decision makers are able to trust the simulation systems making decisions on their behalf. This paper looks at trust from an IoT perspective, describing a set of research projects conducted that span multiple dimensions of trust, and discusses whether these concepts of trust apply to simulation.


Stimulated by Clark's (2) report on distinguished psychologists and by Roe's (7) work with psychologists eminent in the experimental field, the writers decided to study a group of unselected undergraduate majors in psychology and to follow their subsequent careers. This paper reports preliminary findings at the end of the first year. All 37 undergraduates majoring in psychology at Louisiana State University (L.S.U.) in 1957-58 were asked to complete and sign a two-page questionnaire about courses completed, subject-matter interests, and future plans. Their A.C.E. scores were obtained from the appropriate University office. Of these 16 women and 21 men, 16 were in their junior year, 11 were sophomores, and 10 were seniors; freshmen were not eligible to enroll in a psychology course. Responses showed that, of the 15 hours of courses specifically required for the psychology major, those most frequently completed at L.S.U. were in Intro


The cardiorespiratory endurance has been considered one of the most important components of physical fitness and the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) one their most used indexes. The purpose of this study was to verify the construct validity of the maximal multistage 20m shuttle run test from LEGER et al. (1988) as an indicator of the VO2max to males students from 13 to 14 years old. The sample was composed by 15 students matured as self-evaluation (TANNER, 1962). Were collected growth variables (body height and body mass) and body composition variables (triceps and subscapular skinfold) and then calculated the percentage of fat (LOHMAN, 1986). To measure the directly way of VO2max was used a VO2000 ergospirometry device and treadmill. The SPSS program for Windows - 11.0 version was utilized to run date tabulation and statistical analysis. The associations between variables of cardiorrespiratory fitness were made by Pearson linear correlation (r) and comparison of means by Student "t" test for independent samples. The results suggest a highly significant correlation (r=0.78, p<0.01) in the sample, showing a correlation of high significance in the age of 13 years (r=0.72, p<0.05) and 14 years (r=0.83, p<0.05). It was concluded that maximal multistage 20m shuttle run test presented an acceptable construct validity to males students from 13 to 14 years old.


A look at the portrait of Phillis Wheatley that faces the title page of her 1773 Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (Fig. 1) inevitably confronts the reader with the crucial interpretive problem of how to properly recognize the author. She is pictured at her writing desk, looking up and away from both her work and the reader. She could be thinking, or recognizing something outside of the reader's perspective, but she does not recognize the "I" who approaches her and she does not return the reader's gesture. Though the portrait was the work of Scipio Moorhead, another slave artist (Nott 24), knowledge of the perspective's source does little to clarify the matter of recognition. As Betsy Erkkila notes, the portrait is the emblem of Wheatley's paradoxical and complex position in colonial culture, that "within the discourse of racial inequality in the eighteenth century, the fact of a black woman reading, writing, and publishing was in itself enough to splinter the


A synchrotron radiation beamline in the soft- and tender-X ray energy range of 180-3000 eV with versatile polarization control has been designed for NanoTerasu, the 3-GeV next-generation synchrotron radiation facility at Tohoku, Japan. A series of four APPLE-II type undulators is adopted as a photon source to realize the required beam properties with high-speed polarization switching. The beamline optics is designed for a highly efficient and precise use of x-ray magnetic circular/linear dichroism (XMCD/XMLD) technique balancing high photon flux and energy resolution. The simulated performance of the segmented undulator together with the monochromator optics achieved the sufficiently high flux and energy resolution (E/ΔE) in whole target energy range. Two endstations with the different re-focus optics, one for marginal spot size with high flux and the other for ultimate focus down to ∼10 nm are also designed. The simulated performance of the beamline encourages the future researches of high-throughput and nm-focused spintronic measurements.


Let n-2<\lambda<n , f  be a function in Morrey spaces L^{1,\lambda}(\Omega) , and the equation
Lu=f
u \in W^{1,2}(\Omega)
be a Dirichlet problem, where \Omega is a bounded open subset of R^{n} , n \ge 3 , L and  is a divergent elliptic operator. In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of this Dirichlet problem by directly using the Lax-Milgram Lemma and the weighted estimation in Morrey spaces


phenomenon of 'civic cafés', which began to appear in the second decade of post--communist transformation and which in Warsaw became birthplaces of a new type of urban activism.


In‐situ dielectric properties of natural gas hydrate are measured for the first time in the Mallik 5L‐38 Well in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada. The average dielectric constant of the hydrate zones is 9, ranging from 5 to 20. The average resistivity is >5 ohm.m in the hydrate zones, ranging from 2 to 10 ohm.m at a 1.1 GHz dielectric tool frequency. The dielectric logs show similar trends with sonic and induction resistivity logs, but exhibits inherently higher vertical resolution (<5 cm). The average in‐situ hydrate saturation in the well is about 70%, ranging from 20% to 95%. The dielectric estimates are overall in agreement with induction estimates but the induction log tends to overestimate hydrate content up to 15%. Dielectric estimates could be used as a better proxy of in‐situ hydrate saturation in modeling hydrate dynamics. The fine‐scale structure in hydrate zones could help reveal hydrate formation history.


With the high-speed development of mobile telecommunication,hacking technology is constantly becoming mature,and the mobile phone virus targeting mobile phones has shown a tendency of fast growth.This paper,beginning with the development of mobile phone virus,mainly describes the characters of mobile phone virus differing from common PC virus and analyzes these characters in details,finally points out some effective precautions.The contents told of by this paper are of certain guidance for the people to carry out in-depth study on mobile phone virus and strengthen the precaution awareness.


Letters of Castiglioni and M. Pohlenz, published here, help to clarify several problematic passages in the text of Plutarch's essay.


This paper addresses the design of MMSE block-based linear precoding and equalisation for relayed communications over frequency-selective MIMO channels. Using a combination of leading zero and trailing zero guard intervals to eliminate inter-block interference, jointly optimal MMSE designs for the block processors in the relay layer and the destination are derived under the assumption of channel state information availability across most of the link. This proposed technique is compared to an extension of state-of-the-art block based methods, which are operated back-to-back across the link and may contain an intermittent non-linear detection stage in the relay. Using the latter as a benchmark, simulation results highlight the benefit of the proposed design for broadband relay communications.


The research aimed to improve rice yield and income of farmers by managing the soil organic carbon to achieve food security in South Sumatra landscape. This research has been done in agricultural land of Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatra. This research is an experimental research by using completely randomized design in factorial. The first factor was rice variety (local and superior), and the second factor was six ricefields, namely ricefields of sandy rainfed; loamy rainfed; lebak (freshwater swamp); tidal swamp; and technical irrigation. Composite soil samples were taken from each ricefield and analyzed in the laboratory for organic C content. Rice production data were collected by quadratic methods measuring 5x5 m. The research resulted that the SOC can increase the soil productivity, if the soil productivity can be increased, then the rice yield also increases and the consequences income of household also increases linearly. The contribution of the SOC contents in the rooting areas is able to improve the soil productivity, especially for soils having the following characteristics: coarse and sandy textures, lower SOC contents, receiving lower chemical fertilizer, managed under rainfed conditions rather than irrigation, and poor soils rather than good quality of soils.


In this work, we provide a possible geometrical interpretation of the spin of elementary particles. In particular, it is investigated how the wave equations of matter are altered by the addition of an antisymmetric contribution to the metric tensor. In this scenario, the explicit form of the matter wave equations is investigated in a general curved spacetime, and then the equations are particularized to the flat case. Unlike traditional approaches of Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theories (NGT), in which the gravitational field is responsible for breaking the symmetry of the flat Minkowski metric, we find more natural to consider that, in general, the metric of the spacetime could be nonsymmetric even in the flat case. The physical consequences of this assumption are explored in detail. Interestingly enough, it is found that the metric tensor splits into a bosonic and a fermionic; the antisymmetric part of the metric is very sensitive to the spin and turns out to be undetectable for spinless scalar particles. However, fermions couple to it in a nontrivial way (only when there are interactions). In addition, the Pauli coupling is derived automatically as a consequence of the nonsymmetric nature of the metric.


We studied the ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes during necrosis development and re-modelling of the rat heart following experimental myocardial infarction (MI) and performing therapeutic hypothermia and administration of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The infarction was provoked via ligation of left coronary artery. Therapeutic hypothermia was performed in cold chamber for 60 min achieving 4°C skin temperature in the collar zone. The suspension of allogeneic cryopreserved MSCs of placenta with 1.2x10° cells/ml concentration was intravenously administered. In the animals with MI treated with MSCs and a combination of MSCs and hypothermia we revealed the normalization of mitochondrial structure, appearance of small dense mitochondria, the presence of a large number of glycogen granules, testifying thereby to a sufficient oxygen supply into cardiomyocytes and normalization of synthetic processes together with improved microcirculation under MSCs factors. The combination of therapeutic hypothermia with MSCs administration at the background of MI largely promoted the activation of compensatory-regenerative processes in cardiomyocytes. Probl Cryobiol Cryomed 2017; 27(4): 334-347


1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTJCS. Sex distribution. The material consisted of 88 male and 112 female students, showing a female predominance of 56 percent. Among all the students newly registered at the university in 1968 thc women students represented 41.4 percent. The explanation of the skew distribution in my material is thc previously described selection procedure, since, among other things. the students learning French were mostly women. Age distribution. The age distribution at the time the studies were begun is shown in fig. 1.


For the purpose of positioning and continuous tracking to celestrial objects using computerised telescope, the geographic position of the telescope to be known to I arcminute accuracy. Quite recently, GPS has been use for telescope positioning. Although GPS derived coordinate is not the geographical coordinate as needed for telescope positioning, further analyses has found that the total error in its derived position amounted to be less than the I arcminute accuracy requirement. Hence, it is O.K. to use GPS for telescope positioning.


We present results from a high-resolution, cosmological, $\Lambda$CDM simulation of a group of field dwarf galaxies with the "superbubble" model for clustered SN feedback, accounting for thermal conduction and cold gas evaporation. The initial conditions and the galaxy formation physics, other than SN feedback, are the same as in Shen et al. (2014). The simulated luminous galaxies have blue colors, low star formation efficiencies and metallicities, and high cold gas content, reproducing the observed scaling relations of dwarfs in the Local Volume. Bursty star formation histories and superbubble-driven outflows lead to the formation of kpc-size DM cores when stellar masses reaches $M_{*} > 10^6$ $M_{\odot}$, similar to previous findings. However, the superbubble model appears more effective in destroying DM cusps than the previously adopted "blastwave" model, reflecting a higher coupling efficiency of SN energy with the ISM. On larger scale, superbubble-driven outflows have a more moderate impact: galaxies have higher gas content, more extended stellar disks, and a smaller metal-enriched region in the CGM. The two halos with $M_{vir} \sim 10^9$ $M_{\odot}$, which formed ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in Shen et al. (2014), remain dark due to the different impact of metal-enriched galactic winds from two nearby luminous galaxies. The column density distributions of H I, Si II, C IV and O VI are in agreement with recent observations of CGM around isolated dwarfs. While H I is ubiquitous with a covering fraction of unity within the CGM, Si II and C IV are less extended. O VI is more extended, but its mass is only 11% of the total CGM oxygen budget, as the diffuse CGM is highly ionised by the UVB. Superbubble feedback produces C IV and O VI an order of magnitude higher column densities than those with blastwave feedback. The CGM and DM cores are most sensitive probes of feedback mechanisms.


The present invention provides a side-under spoiler, which is the lower side when the spoiler is mounted operatively to the body portion at the lower side by means of a bracket, such as good. Means provided on the carriage (3) supporting the lower side portion (2) to the vehicle body spoiler (1) (2) side, having a spoiler body (7) lower side, the mounting portion (6) and the guide portion (27). A lower spoiler body (7) above the lower side of the bracket (3) along the vehicle body by (2) front-rear direction of the long form of the support portion (5) supported on the carrier (3); said mounting portion (6) the spoiler body (7) is engaged with the lower side of the support portion (5); said guide portion (27) to said mounting portion (6) into the support part (5).


Abstract The British National Corpus 2014 is a major project led by Lancaster University to create a 100-million-word corpus of present day British English. This corpus has been constructed as a comparable counterpart of the original British National Corpus (referred to as the BNC1994 in this article), which was compiled in the early 1990s. This article starts with the justification of the project answering the question of 'Why do we need a new BNC?'. We then provide a general overview of the construction of the Written British National Corpus 2014 (Written BNC2014); we also briefly discuss some issues of data collection before looking in detail at the design of the corpus. Compiling a large general corpus such as the Written BNC2014 has been a major undertaking involving teamwork and collaboration. It also required generosity on the part of the many individuals and organisations who contributed to the data collection.