Due to rapid urbanization there is a need for implementing an effective traffic control systems to avoid heavy congestion. And also to make a better solution for ambulance clearance helps to protect the human life. The idea behind the proposed system is to provide effective traffic control systems by the use of Embedded technologies. This paper concentrates on ambulance clearance. This makes use of RFID, GPS, and GSM along with Embedded technology. Here each vehicle is placed with an RFID tag. Whenever the RFID reader reads the tag of ambulance it turns ON the green light for that particular path till the reader reads the RFID tag. Vehicle is read by the reader it turns on the Red signal. This prototype was tested using Simulation tool and the expected results are obtained Key Terms: Embedded Technologies, RFID, GSM and GPS


Styrax japonicus (S. japonicus) is an important flowering tree species in temperate regions, and it is regarded as a nectariferous plant. However, there have been few studies to date analyzing floral development in this species. In order to understand gene expression dynamics during S. japonicus flower development, we; therefore, prepared cDNA libraries from three distinct stages of S. japonicus. Illumina sequencing generated 31,471 differentially expressed unigenes during flower development. We additionally conducted pathway enrichment analyses using the GO and KEGG database in order to assess the functions of genes differentially expressed during different stages of the floral development process, revealing these genes to be associated with pathways including phytohormone signaling, Transcription factor, protein kinase, and circadian rhythms. In total, 4828 TF genes, 8402 protein kinase genes, and 78 DEGs related to hormone pathways were identified in flower development stages. Six genes were selected for confirmation of expression levels using quantitative real-time PCR. The gene expression data presented herein represent the most comprehensive dataset available regarding the flowering of S. japonicus, thus offering a reference for future studies of the flowering of this and other Styracaceae species.


This paper presents the economic dispatch studies for electrical power systems using two approaches. In the first approach a classical method is used which is the gradient method, whereas, in the second approach a method that belongs to the field of artificial intelligence, which is the neural networks method, is used. In both cases system constaraints like line losses and generators limits are included. in units of dollars ( $/h). 2.2. Equality constraints The total generation must be equal to the demand plus the losses thus [4][5][6]:


The cases of 200 patients admitted to the Bernstein Institute Medical Inpatient Unit (Beth Israel Medical Center, New York) were analyzed according to epidemiologic, demographic, and diagnostic characteristics. There were 129 men and 71 women; 126 patients were below 30 years of age and the youngest was 15 years old. Sixty-eight patients were white; 82, black; 49, Hispanic; and 1, Oriental. Reasons for admission were the following: acute hepatitis (30.5%), infections (27.5%), detoxification (11.5%), diabetes mellitus (7.5%), pulmonary disease (6.0%), overdose (5.0%), cardiovascular disease (4.0%), gastrointestinal disease (3.5%), and venereal disease (3.5%).


A s in other industries, the fortunes of the U.S. pulp and paper industry are now closely tied to the global economy. The U.S. pulp and paper sector exhibits fairly steady production and growth trends, but its economic fortunes have become intertwined with the "global cycle" of supply and demand. Exposure to the global cycle has increased for the U.S. in recent decades with increased levels of U.S. product exports. One effect of this exposure in recent years is increased market volatility associated with trade-related adjustments in export demands and capacity utilization. Price volatility and sensitivity of profits to the global cycle are related to capital intensity and competitiveness in the pulp and paper sector. The recent economic downturn (the socalled Asian decline) caused a number of significant "ripple effects" throughout the pulp and paper sector that are linked to the global cycle of supply and demand.


Ecological environment is a very important problem in controlling continuous economic developement in the world. According to variation condition of land utilization structure in Yucheng city, relation between land utilization and ecological environment is analyzed. It is pointed out that variation of land structure can cause the change of ecological environment. In order to protect ecological environment, land should be used scientifically.


W hat does it take to fracture a fluid? How hard and fast does the fluid need to be pulled in order to break? Ole Hassager, from the Technical University of Denmark, and colleagues [1] have tackled these challenging questions head-on by stretching fluids composed of polymer melts at sufficiently high strain rates to make the fluid break in the same way that a pane of glass would if pulled hard enough. The researchers found that as long as the strain rate was fast enough, fracture of the fluid followed. The overall strains that the fluids could sustain before breaking were both huge—over 250% of their initial size—and surprisingly reproducible.


Objective:To compare the efficacy and tolerance of perioperative intravenous metoprolol or calcium iron antagonist injection on patients with cardiac complications which undergoing noncardiac surgery. Methods:The clinical data of 265 patients who underwent noncardiac surgery from March 2003 to May 2007 was analyzed. According to the different drugs used to treat the perioperative cardiac complications (tachycardia arrhythmia and hypertension),patients were allocated to metoprolol group (137 cases)and calcium antagonist group (128 cases,including verapamil 51 patients and diltiazem 77 patients).The effects of the therapy on heart rate and blood pressure control and were compared between two groups. Results:There is no significant difference at baseline data between two groups. Compared with calcium antagonist,intravenous metoprolol could more reduce heart and quickly. The effect of blood pressure controlling was more significant in calcium antagonist group than in metoprolol group. The incidence of side-effects events was lower in metoprolol (10.9%) than that in calcium antagonist group (23.4%). Conclusion:Intravenous metoprolol injection is effective and safe in treating perioperative cardiac complications in patients with noncardiac surgery.


Treatments were applied to 4 single-tree replications of 33-yr-old trees in a randomized block design. Applications were made with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer which traveled at 3.86 k/h and delivered 935 liters/ha. Date of application was 3 Jul for all treatments, with the Carzol treatment receiving a second application on 24 Jul. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Bayleton, Benlate, Bordeaux mixture, Captan, Lannate, Manzate 200, Polyram, Sevin, and Streptomycin. European red mite control was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting active stages with a binocular microscope.


To b) the environment; a) nickel oxide, copper oxide, and environmentally friendly anode layer containing a rare earth doped ceria, be applied to a metal substrate: A method of forming a metal supporting solid oxide fuel cell to provide a c) electrolyte; friendly an anode layer by firing, nickel, copper, and forming a composite material containing an oxide of rare-earth doped ceria comprises providing a and d) a cathode, the method . The anode, cathode, and a metal supporting solid oxide fuel cell comprising an electrolyte, anode, nickel, copper, and rare earth doped ceria, metal support solid oxide fuel cell, the fuel cell of the fuel cell stack, and the use thereof.


Introduction: The standard treatment for patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is resection of the primary tumor. However, more than 28% of patients had recurrence or metastasis after surgery. Different studies have shown that the prognosis of stage I NSCLC is significantly different, due to the paucity of evidence for these adjuvant treatments after surgery, whether or not to apply adjuvant chemotherapy is controversial. In conclusion, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may be necessary for high-risk groups. Nevertheless, for patients with stage I NSCLC, the factors influencing the postoperative prognosis remains unclear.
 Methods: Data from LUAD and LUSC cohorts of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to analyze the disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of different signaling pathways. DFS and OS Kaplan-Meier curves for subgroups of patients were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was utilized to identify the independent predictors of DFS.
 Results: 270 LUAD and 234 LUSC of stage I patients were used in the analysis, through 16 variables, including age, sex, and 14 different signaling pathways associated with tumor development. For the LUAD patients, HR of DFS of notch signaling group is 1.89 (95%CI: 1.03-3.48, P=0.04) in univariate analysis, 2.73 (95%CI: 1.18-6.32, P=0.02) in multivariate analysis; HR of DFS of angiogenesis group is 2.30 (95%CI: 1.26-4.18, P=0.006) in univariate analysis, 2.65 (95%CI: 1.31-5.34, P=0.007) in multivariate analysis. HR of PFS of p53 group is 1.72 (95%CI: 1.08-2.73, P=0.023) in univariate analysis. Others are negatively correlated or have no significant differences. For the LUSC, all the factors are negatively correlated or have no significant differences.
 Conclusions: These results suggest that harboring notch signaling pathway and angiogenesis pathway mutation may be the biomarker for adjuvant chemotherapy for the stage I LUAD patients, but further validation is needed in large clinical studies.
 Citation Format: Xiaoning Li, Haibo Tang, Jianhong Cai, Xiaomin Wu, Xue Hu, Yating Zheng, Mengli Huang. Influencing factors of postoperative prognosis and screening of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5097.


An appointment of a family heir as the new CEO attracts significant media attention and signals the advent of a new chapter of family leadership. Regardless, the senior generations can remain to ex...


Objective\ To compare the DNA contents of gastric cancer cells between the primary lesions and corresponding lymph node metastases.\ Methods\ Cytophotometric DNA contents and DNA distribution patterns of tumor cells in primary lesions and the corresponding metastatic lymph nodes were compared in 59 cases of gastric cancer.\ Results\ Compared to the primary lesions, higher DNA contents, lower percentage of diploid cells and larger proportion of aneuploid cell population were detected in 78 0%(46 of 59 cases) of lymphatic metastases.\ The differences were significant in patients with stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ gastric cancer, and were also significant in well differentiated, moderate differentiated and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas.\ Conclusion\ DNA content and DNA ploidy changed in lymphatic metastases of most gastric cancers.\ It may be of prognostic significance. \;


This study makes some basic theoretical reflections using the Kuznets hypothesis which relates economic growth to changes in the population's income inequality, reviewing some of the contributions of other authors in this area and analyzing the performance of these variables in Latin America and Mexico via representative data in long-term series; it also concludes with a brief list of proposals related to redistributive mechanisms targeting the poorest part of the population.


This work presents a web application created to help instructors assign students to group projects, with an algorithm that optimizes student satisfaction, gives students the opportunity to select a team member, and reduces time needed for an instructor to create teams. Our approach focuses on two main aspects: (a) it gives the student the ability to apply weights to their project choices (instead of just ranking them) and (b) it provides students with the opportunity to select a classmate to be partnered with. We implemented a genetic algorithm that assigns students to projects in order to maximize the fitness function, defined as a multi-objective function to increase student satisfaction, decrease the variance of team sizes, and optionally decrease the GPA variance among team members.


Adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is defined as a tumor which topographic center is within 5 cm proximal (or distal) to the anatomical cardia (1). Patients' prognosis after upfront surgery is poor, due to high rates of complications, systemic and/or local recurrences (2). Multicenter, randomized trials [CROSS trial (3,4), POET trial (5)] have demonstrated benefit in terms of overall survival (OS) and/or progression free survival (PFS) in patients with locally advanced GEJ adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). In particular, the CROSS trial (3,4) demonstrated that preoperative administration of nCRT doubled the median overall survival of locally advanced esophageal and GEJ neoplasms in comparison to surgery alone and that 29% of these patients had a complete pathological response, suggesting that a subgroup of patients did not benefit from surgery, also considering its known side effects. Conversely, 18% of patients who underwent nCRT were deemed as being non-responders and did not benefit from nCRT but only suffered its side effects. The proper assessment of tumor response after nCRT is Review Article


The influence of inhomogeneous broadening on results obtained from spectrally resolved transient four-wave mixing in semiconductors is studied and the homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths are simultaneously deduced. Experimental results obtained from the impurity-bound exciton I 1 in CdSe and the heavy-hole and light-hole excitons in GaAs multiple quantum well structures are presented. Furthermore, the case is investigated when more resonances are coherently excited leading to quantum beats


Based on Protection Motivation Theory and Theory of Reasoned Action, this study empirically analyzed difference of user's security behavioral intention between smartphone and personal computer. The data were collected from undergraduate students. Questions about both smartphone and personal computer are asked to the same respondents. Total of 237 data were used for the analysis. To sum up the findings, First, in case of smartphone, except the path between self-efficacy and security, all paths were statistically significant. In case of personal computer, all paths are significant. Second, according to the result of difference verification for parameters, possibility and self-efficacy differ between smartphone and personal computer for the influencing relationship. Third, after verifying the difference of average to each individual factor through matching sample t-test, all factors showed statistically different in mean value with exceptions of reaction efficacy and security.


The lithium abundance at the end of main-sequence evolution should increase strongly with mass for masses less than 1.4 M/sub sun/. It is shown that because of this dependence the frequency distribution of Li abundances in red giants is a sensitive probe of the history of the stellar birthrate in the solar neighborhood since the Li distribution directly reflects the stellar age distribution. A birthrate which decreases with time gives a smaller mean red giant Li abundance than an increasing birthrate because a larger fraction of red giants are older and hence less massive. Theoretical Li abundance frequency distributions are calculated for exponentially increasing, constant, and exponentially decreasing birthrates using a semiempirical prescription for main-sequence Li destruction, theoretical main-sequence lifetimes and red giant dilution factors, and self-consistent initial mass functions. The results are compared with the observed abundance distribution for 35 giants studied by Lambert and his colleagues. Allowing for uncertainties, we find that the ratio of present birthrate to average past birthrate has a value between 0.5 and 2. These limits are consistent with results of most other methods of determining the birthrate history, but the present method provides a considerably more stringent lower limit. It is also shownmore » that, with more observational data, fluctuations in the birthrate with a time scale of about one billion years during the period between two and six billion years ago could be resolved.« less


This paper addresses grammatical induction of deterministic context-free L(D0L)-system. Considering the parallel feature of L-system production and the deterministic context-free feature of D0L-system, we take a number theory-based approach. Here D0L-system grammar is limited to one or two production rules. Basic equations for the methods are derived and utilized to narrow down the parameter value ranges. Our experiments using plants models showed the proposed methods induced the original production rules very efficiently.


Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) was used to polish as-molded or diamond turned surfaces of several optical polymers. Materials included polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), cyclic olefin polymer (COP), polycarbonate (PC), and polystyrene (PS). Parts were nominally plano circular discs of various diameters (~40 mm to 75 mm) and thicknesses (2.5 mm to 25 mm). Polishing trials were conducted with standard CeO2-based and nanodiamond-based MR fluids, or with MR fluids containing SnO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, TiO2, or SiO2. Excellent results were obtained for PMMA using a ZrO2-based MR fluid. The diamond turned plano surface of a 38-mm diameter by 8-mm thick puck was improved from an initial p-v wave front error of 4.5 µm to 0.35 µm with two figure correction runs. The average rms surface roughness was reduced from 3.8 nm to 0.47 nm, and the diamond turning marks were eliminated. Mounting and thermalization of polymer parts for in-process and final metrology was found to be a challenge.


Recently, Clive Trebilcock has shown how Vickers was transformed from steel millers into large-scale armament producers in the late nineteenth century. Sir Harold Evans has now described how Vickers got out or, more accurately, was forced out of both steel and armaments production after World War II. Vickers became involved in the production of everything from office equipment to offshore engineering systems in a somewhat haphazard way: after 1945 nervous, often short-term investment decisions substituted for the vigorously executed long-term planning of the heady days of pre-1914, when Vickers had expanded through the Great Price Fall. Sir Harold's style is superficially that of the hagiographic narrative but there is an underlying current of implied criticism. Basically, Vickers had three problems. First, a decision was made that armaments manufacture could no longer sustain a large British firm after 1945. This decision, as it turned out, was premature. In looking for new areas in which to expand, moreover, Vickers' arms sales experience was a real hindrance: the market conditions of the arms business were unique and Vickers found it difficult to adjust its outlook. Second, in three of their four major interests (steel, aircraft, shipbuilding) they were vulnerable to the nationalization program of the Labor Party. Third, Vickers suffered from a structural problem: the various groups in the company had developed semi-autonomously, and it was often difficult to exercise the decisive central leadership that was necessary if the crucial transition was to be made in time to avoid collapse. These problems intermeshed to put the company in real difficulties. Vickers never did move out of armaments manufacture of their own free will. Building the British nuclear submarines committed both capital and research and development time while the company wound up civil shipbuilding after a series of losses. In aircraft production, failure to adapt to the changes in the civil market caused near-disaster. The aircraft interest was then sunk into the British Aircraft Corporation, which, in turn, became increasingly reliant on military orders. A large capital investment was made in the English Steel Corporation, as if Labor would never return to power and in spite of signs of a recession. At the same time, Vickers' first inexperienced forays into new areas of production proved unprofitable and strained remaining resources. The result was that when Labor nationalized aircraft and ship production in 1977, between 60 and 70 per cent of Vickers' pre-tax profit was still coming from these two interests, primarily in the form of profit from armament production. By this time, however, the third and perhaps crucial problem was largely solved. Corporate planning was introduced in the 1960s, though its expected effect was nullified by optimistic group forecasts and inadequate central monitoring. Charitably, Sir Harold suggests that Vickers was "prone to accident" in the late 1960s. Finally, the institu-


Antimonene fabricated by mechanical exfoliation is highly stable under atmospheric conditions over periods of months and even when immersed in water. Density functional theory confirms the experiments and predicts an electronic gap of ≈1 eV. These results highlight the use of antimonene for optoelectronics applications.


Background— Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. It acts as a key downstream target of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &agr; and &ggr;, the agonists of which have been used for lipid lowering and insulin sensitization, respectively. However, the role of FGF21 in the cardiovascular system remains elusive. Methods and Results— The roles of FGF21 in atherosclerosis were investigated by evaluating the impact of FGF21 deficiency and replenishment with recombinant FGF21 in apolipoprotein E−/− mice. FGF21 deficiency causes a marked exacerbation of atherosclerotic plaque formation and premature death in apolipoprotein E−/− mice, which is accompanied by hypoadiponectinemia and severe hypercholesterolemia. Replenishment of FGF21 protects against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E−/−mice via 2 independent mechanisms, inducing the adipocyte production of adiponectin, which in turn acts on the blood vessels to inhibit neointima formation and macrophage inflammation, and suppressing the hepatic expression of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2, thereby leading to reduced cholesterol synthesis and attenuation of hypercholesterolemia. Chronic treatment with adiponectin partially reverses atherosclerosis without obvious effects on hypercholesterolemia in FGF21-deficient apolipoprotein E−/− mice. By contrast, the cholesterol-lowering effects of FGF21 are abrogated by hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2. Conclusions— FGF21 protects against atherosclerosis via fine tuning the multiorgan crosstalk among liver, adipose tissue, and blood vessels.


This paper colligated the water-jet mathematics model of many billet continuous casting production line according to continuous casting characteristics of the secondary cooling region.The mathematics model of using the finite difference method can be applied to billet,rectangle billet and bloom continuous casting.The calculated results can optimize online casting process parameters and check the new roll.


The relation between domestic architecture and socio-cultural variables has been the subject of many studies. This article presents types of housing marked by three different cultural settings within the same area of Turkey. Firstly, we present a house type that evolved in Anatolia in the 19th century, mainly under the influence of Moslem religion. Secondly, we describe the housing found in a Western Anatolia town with an Orthodox Christian population. Thirdly, the housing architecture of the socalled Levantine community of Western Anatolia is discussed and compared to the first two cases. This set of data clearly shows that housing form is closely related to specific cultural views and this remains the case even when communities are close geographically or interact socially.


Lake Pátzcuaro (2,035 m asl), situated in the temperate highland-forest region of central Mexico, was the focus of Postclassic Tarascan civilization. Today, the lake is bordered by wide, swampy flats, which can be interpreted as low-angle fans of colluvial material derived from the deeply eroded, lower-valley side slopes. A gully near the northwest shore exposed two colluvial units: The lower one was dated at 2,300 years B.P. (350 B.C.) at the base of the exposure, while the upper one yielded three 14C ages ranging from 270 years B.P. (A.D. 1680) to "modern." Both units contained abundant charcoal. Pollen studies by Watts and Bradbury (1982) suggest that the first phase was initiated by the widespread introduction of maize cultivation around 1550 B.C. The second, more intense, phase of forest clearance, although it may have begun during the Late Postclassic period, probably culminated during the great expansion of colonial plough agriculture and livestock rearing in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.


A design for a highly parallel processor for real-time reasoning in artificial intelligence (AI) is presented. Knowledge is represented by an associative network based on multiple-valued logic, so that a universal representation can be achieved by varying the parameters between nodes. High-speed reasoning can be attributed to the parallel graph-search technique on this associative network. For its direct implementation, special MOS devices with threshold voltages that are controllable by the external input signals are used. For the four-valued associative network, it is demonstrated that the number of memory cells, cell interconnections, and transistors can be greatly reduced in comparison with the corresponding binary implementation.<<ETX>>


Lipid metabolism is clearly associated to Parkinson´s disease (PD). Although lipid homeostasis has been widely studied in multiple animal and cellular models as well as in blood derived from PD individuals, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidomic profile in PD remains largely unexplored. In this study, we have characterized the CSF lipidomic imbalance between neurologically intact controls (n=10) and PD subjects (n=20). The combination of dual extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-qToF-MS/MS) allowed to monitor 257 lipid species across all samples. Complementary multivariate and univariate data analysis pointed out that glycerolipids (mono-, di-, and triacylglycerides), saturated and mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids, primary fatty amides, glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines), sphingolipids (ceramides, sphingomyelins), N-acylethanolamines and sterol lipids (cholesteryl esters, steroids) were significantly increased in the CSF of PD compared to control group. These results, despite the limitation of being obtained in a small population, demonstrate and extensive CSF lipid remodelling in PD, shedding new light on the deployment of CSF lipidomics as a promising tool to identify potential lipid markers as well as discriminatory lipid species between PD and other atypical parkinsonisms.


Statistical literacy is important for understanding the world around us. Statistical thinking is motivated by realworld problems which may in turn promote the development of new methods of enquiry, and statistical reasoning may be regarded as the cornerstone of evidence based research. In this paper we see how statistical literacy, official statistics and data driven selfdirected study helped to shape social enquiry in the nineteenth century, led to the development of statistical methods for social data and ultimately contributed to the newly emerging science of statistics of the early twentieth century. In particular the innovations of social researchers in assessing poverty, deprivation and illhealth are highlighted.


Food fluctuation is the important research contents of the food security,but the study on the food fluctuation was the less.The comparable problem of all kinds of foods are solved by transform all kinds of output of food into energy now.Meanwhile,in order to study the fluctuation problem of total food,in the paper the food fluctuate index and variation coefficient were studied with the method of cluster analytic approach to cluster.Through studying the stability of all kinds of food in Jiangxi was as follows: grain Oil Meat Sugar Eggs Fruits milk.This proved the three main foods(grain,oil and meat) production in Jiangxi were stability,security and fine at present.With the method of cluster analytic approach and according to the total food fluctuation(1991~2003 years) and variation coefficient,total food fluctuation of 11 prefecture-level region in Jiangxi were divided into 6 kinds.


Action at distance in Newtonian physics is replaced by finite propagation speeds in classical post–Newtonian physics. As a result, the differential equations of motion in Newtonian physics are replaced by functional differential equations, where the delay associated with the finite propagation speed is taken into account. Newtonian equations of motion, with post–Newtonian corrections, are often used to approximate the functional differential equations. In [16] a simple atomic model based on a functional differential equation which reproduces the quantized Bohr atomic model was presented. The unique assumption was that the electrodynamic interaction has a finite propagation speed. In [17] a simple gravitational model based on a functional differential equation which gives a gravitational quantification and an explanation of the modified Titius–Bode law is described. In [18] an explanation of the anomalous precession of Mercury's perihelion is given in terms of a simple retarded potential, which, at first order, coincides with Gerber's potential of 1898, and which agrees with the author's previous works [16, 17]. In this paper, it is shown how the simple retarded potential presented in [18] also gives the correct value of the gravitational deflection of fast particles of General Relativity.


This chapter looks at the requirement of consideration; the basic idea, how it works, that it will usually not be a problem because supplying the consideration is generally the whole purpose of the contract (the 'bargain'), but that the courts will sometimes 'find' consideration when none is readily apparent, and will not require it to be of adequate value. It goes on to consider performance of an existing duty by one party as consideration for a new promise by the other party, particularly in the light of the approach taken in Williams v Roffey Bros. It also looks at the related problem (and emphasizes the relationship) of a promise to forego part of a debt in return for payment of part of what is owed in the light of the traditional approach taken in Foakes v Beer, and the recognition of promissory estoppel in High Trees. The significant case of MWB Business Exchange Centres Ltd v Rock Advertising Ltd (2016) is explored in detail in this chapter.


Incung script is a legacy of the Kerinci tribe located in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. On October 17, 2014, the Incung script was designated by the Ministry of Education and Culture as an intangible heritage property owned by Jambi Province. But in reality, the Incung script is almost extinct in society. This study aims to identify the characters of the Incung (Kerinci) script with the output in the form of Latin characters from the Incung script. The classification method used is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method. The dataset used as many as 1400 incung character images divided into 28 classes. In this study, an experiment was conducted to obtain the most optimal model. Showing the results using the CNN method during the training process that the accuracy of the training data reaches 99% and the accuracy of the testing data reaches 91% by using the optimal hyperparameters from the tests that have been done, namely batch size 32, epoch 100, and Adam's optimizer. It evaluates the CNN model using 80 images in words (a combination of several characters) with 4 test scenarios. It shows that the model can recognize image data from scanning printed books, digital writing test data, test data with images containing more than two characters, and check images with different font sizes


We have examined the recent publication titled "Projectile Motion Analysis in the Presence of Dissipative Forces for the High Speed Regime" [


Student-athletes' adjustment to their collegiate teams is noted as especially difficult but is also underdeveloped as a topic of research. This article uses Socialization Resources theory to argue that student-athletes' leader-member exchanges with coaches and team-member exchanges with teammates provide them with important resources that assist in their socialization. Data collected from 160 Division-I student-athletes from five universities demonstrated that portions of their understandings of team history, politics, and values and goals are accounted for by their exchange relationships. In particular, exchanges with assistant coaches and teammates appear to be most salient within student-athletes' socialization process. As such, this article provides insight regarding the social dynamics that shape collegiate athletes' understandings of their environments.


The total depth of ZhangHai 502 well was 4360 m.The maximum deviation angle was 56° and the horizontal displacement was 3019.06 m.The ratio of displacement to vertical depth was 1.04:1.The well were characteristic of large deviation angle,long displacement,shallow directional point and long large hole section.The holding angle was 50°-56° and the holding section was 3480 m long in which it was a φ 311 mm hole for the section of the depth from 1100 m to 3600 m and thus they were very difficult to transport cuttings,control sand bed and prevent sticking.The polymer base drilling fluid was employed for the second open and silicate anti-sloughing drilling fluid for third and fourth open,respectively.The proper rheology control and other effective engineering practices were deployed to overcome the difficulties of cuttings transportation and sand bed control.The sticking was prevented by employing the solid and liquid lubricants.The formation damage was controlled by employing the ultra-low permeability additive.The sloughing was minimized by employing GWJ,GWX,SAS and silicate base potassium humate and deploying proper density.It was a reference for the future similar challenge wells to employ conventional drilling fluids.


We proposed and demonstrated label-free optical biochemical sensor realized on a novel bulk silicon-based platform with three-dimensional (3D) monolithic optoelectronic integration circuit (OEIC). The Ge-photodetector (Ge-PD) is integrated on bulk-silicon. Optical functional components are built with CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL). Via this platform, the label-free optical biochemical sensor can get rid of the expensive SOI wafer. The costly tunable laser-source can be replaced by low cost wide-band light source. Optical signal is converted into electrical signal and read out by on-chip Ge-PD directly. This platform facilitates the development of cost-effective portable point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tool. Meanwhile, this also opens up new ways of electronic and photonic devices monolithically integration in 3D.


This handbook reproduces forms used in libraries. Included are forms for acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, reference, online searching, inter-library loans, bibliographic instruction, personnel, administration, budgets, software, hardware, statistics, and special collections.


There has been a significant increase in the demand for using recycled materials in construction because of the lack and limitation of available natural resources. A number of industrial and domestic waste products are being used in the replacement of traditional materials for road construction, and many studies have been carried out in recent years on the use of different recycled materials in substitution of conventional fillers in Asphalt Concretes (AC). The aim of this laboratory research is to analyze the physical characteristics of three different recycled fillers and compare them with those of a traditional limestone filler. The alternative fillers presented in this paper are: a waste bleaching clay that comes from two consecutive stages in the industrial process for decolouring vegetable oils and producing biogas (Ud filler), a dried mud waste from a tungsten mine (MW filler) and a recycled glass powder (Gl filler). Results show significant differences between the fillers, and, in particular, Rigden Voids (RV) seem to have the largest potential influence on the rheology of ACs.


Abstract Evaluating outcomes that document effectiveness, profitability and productivity is essential for surviving in today's human service organization. In addition to being necessary for day to day administrative decision making, outcomes data are necessary when bidding for managed care contracts and competing in a capitated environment. Funding sources, such as the United Way, are also requiring proof of outcomes, as are increasingly sophisticated policy makers, payers and consumers. Historically, program evaluation activities have tended to measure the process of delivering services, rather than the end result or outcome. This paper outlines a ten step process that a hospital social work department followed to develop an interdisciplinary, comprehensive outcomes management program.


Bipolar plates are a key part of fuel cells. The optimal hot press temperature, pressure, and time were determined in this study. The press condition can directly affect the relative density, thereby improving the conductivity and mechanical property. Several carbon black doped samples were also successfully prepared on the basis of the optimized preparation method. Results show that carbon black optimized the conductivity due to the "conduction bridge". The maximum conductivity and bending strength reached 345 S/cm and 32.5 MPa, respectively. Key words: fuel cells; bipolar plate; graphite; composite materials.


In a previous paper, the authors proved that in any system of three linear forms satisfying obvious necessary local conditions, there are at least two forms that infinitely often assume E 2 -values; that is, values that are products of exactly two primes. We use this result to prove that there are infinitely many positive integers x such that both x and x + 1 have prime factorizations of the form p 1 2 p 2 p 3 p 4 . Consequently, there are infinitely many integers x that simultaneously satisfy We prove several other similar theorems. Our results sharpen earlier works by Heath-Brown and Schlage-Puchta.


As port competitiveness is becoming more important in the global market environment RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Is also becoming a crucial enabler In implement efficient visible, secure and productive ports. However there Is a lack of practical validated RFID technology acceptance cases in the port logistics industry until now, even though various related projects have been undertaken. In this study, we applied 13.56MHz passive RFID readers, tags, and their applications into existing bar-code based gate systems to improve the port logistics process, and we analyzed results of a pilot test in economic and non-economic perspectives. The main purpose of this study is to develop the RFID based automatic gate passing system in container terminals, and is to validate its economic and non-economic feasibility. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, first, we examined previous researches on RFID technology acceptance in the port logistics industry, second, we Identified and analyzed the business process of existing gate systems in container terminals, third, we build RFID gate systems with 13.56Mhz tags, readers, and its middle-ware, finally we tested the system and its performance. The results were successful and showed the feasibility of the system in real container terminal gates. Economic and non-economic contribution was confirmed. Although the system has technological limitations with short range passive type, we clearly identified its potential capability and its economic validity in the field, which are the implications of this study.


There is a rotor arm for an electric machine comprising a support for holding pot, at least one magnetic element, wherein the support pot has a hub for supporting a drive shaft has been proposed. The rotor carrier is characterized by a preferably as a supporting disk formed support member (1), which is arranged spaced apart on the support pot axially from the hub, wherein the support element (1) has an alignment with the hub passage (3) for supporting the drive shaft.


Kraepelin's assumption that affective psychoses always have a 'good' outcome was found to be untrue — it could not differentiate affective from schizophrenic disorders. Long-term investigations have shown that a relevant proportion of affective disorders have an 'unfavourable outcome' (Angst, 1987; Marneros & Deister, 1990; Marneros et al, 1990b), while some schizophrenic disorders can have a good prognosis (Bleuler, 1972; Ciompi & Müller, 1976; Huber et al, 1979; Möller & von Zerssen, 1986; Marneros et al, 1989a, 1990b, 1991b).


Some problems of extended Cesaro operators from Dirichlet type spacse to βp spaces in the unit ball are studied in this paper.By the methods of functional analysis and several complex variables,the necessary and sufficient conditions are given for Extended Cesaro Operators to be bounded and compact from Dirichlet type spaces to βp spaces in the unit ball.


This paper presents a new approach to designing arithmetic circuits using an arithmetic description language called ARITH. The use of ARITH makes possible (i) formal description of arithmetic algorithms including those using unconventional number systems, (ii) formal verification of described arithmetic algorithms, and (iii) translation of arithmetic algorithms to equivalent HDL codes. In this paper, we propose an application of ARITH to an arithmetic module generator, which supports various hardware algorithms for 2-operand adders, multi-operand adders, multipliers, constant-coefficient multipliers and multiply accumulators. From the generator, we can obtain the highlyreliable arithmetic modules whose functions are completely verified at the algorithm level.


This antenna consists of a strip dipole printed on a membrane and suspended in an etched pyramidal silicon cavity. The entire fabrication is monolithic. For the theoretical characterization, the horn is approximated by a stepped structure of multiple rectangular waveguicle sections. The fields in each section are given by a linear combination of waveguide modes, and the fields in air are given by a continuous plane wave spectrum. To evaluate the Green's function for this problem, an infinitesimally small electric dipole is considered in one of the waveguide sections. Then, the fields inside the silicon cavity are evaluated, and the far-field patterns are found from the Fourier transforms of the electric field on the aperture of the horn. Page 188 First International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology


Ambient air quality assessment and regulations plays an important role in air quality management. Forty-five (45) air samples were collected for both wet and dry season of the year (October 2016- September 2017). The air samples were collected by passive sampler (Drager ORSA 5). The samples were analyzed for VOCs, PM2.5 and some elements according to standard methods. In this study, a method to predict aromatic VOCs concentrations in the urban outdoor environment was developed based on the Generalized Linear Models (GLM). The method is based on the relationship developed between atmospheric concentrations of air pollutants and meteorological variables (i.e. ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed). The developed GLM model considers VOCs concentrations as a dependent variable, and PM2.5 pollutants and meteorological parameters as explanatory independent variables. A comparison of obtained prediction with observed values showed that the developed model indicated good performance in estimating VOCs concentration. It should be mentioned that the puissance of the model developed is a function of the covariates. This observation suggest that the model with predicted meteorological variables can be engage in environmental management system were data are not readily available. Keywords: VOC, Generalized Linear Models (GLM), Open Dumpsite, Benin City


A theoretical investigation is made of the operation of an He–Ne laser at λ = 1.15 μm with periodically varying directions of its anisotropy. It is shown that rotation and simultaneous sinusoidal vibration of an anisotropic active modulator results in the generation of laser radiation with spontaneous oscillations of the intensity and ellipticity. The range of control parameters m and Ω2 (amplitude and frequency of the modulator vibrations), resulting in a parametric resonance characterized by an abrupt change in the velocity of rotation of the polarization ellipse, is found. A diagram of lasing regimes with different dynamics is calculated as a function of the values of m and Ω2. It is shown that a second Andronov–Hopf bifurcation gives rise to an invariant torus for certain values of m and Ω2.


An onsite rapid detection method of the membrane pore size of a plate ultrafiltration membrane comprises the following steps: selecting ultrafiltration membranes with gradual-increasing different pore sizes, determining the rate of retention of a substance A in a stable water source (such as municipal domestic water in Shenzhen) by the ultrafiltration membranes under a certain pressure, and making a corresponding curve between the membrane pore size and the substance A intention rate according to obtained data; and determining the rate of retention of the substance A in the same stable water source (such as municipal domestic water in Shenzhen) by an ultrafiltration membrane with an unknown membrane pore size under the same pressure, and finding out the corresponding membrane pore size according to the corresponding curve between the membrane pore size and the substance A intention rate.


Despite a decade of programs aimed at attracting women and minority students to engineering, enrollment in engineering programs continues to be flat or declining. High attrition during the first two years, and a lack of diversity in engineering students raise concerns nationally about maintaining a competitive edge and future technological advancement. The goal of this research is to contribute to ongoing research efforts to understand how students think about engineering, how they conceive of themselves as engineers, and how these understandings influence their practices as they develop into engineers.


The Organising Committee, the Scientific Committee and the NIR-2003 Technical Secretariat would like to extend a warm welcome to delegates and their accompanying persons. We also wish to express our sincere gratitude to all of you who travelled from overseas when the world is threatened by the war in Iraq, by political unrest and by an economy that goes downward. We would like to thank our sponsors, specially the ''Top Level" sponsor REPSOL YPF and the "Standard" Sponsors COVAP, BIONA, AECOC and FOSS. We hope that they have benefit-


Telomere is the G-rich double strand DNA structure that lies at the end of chromosome.Telomerase elongates telomere length by synthesizing telomeric repeats according to its template RNA and stabilizes chromosome structure.In this research,rice callus telomerase is isolated and extracted.In addition,leading primers,some oligonucleotides which are different in their 3 termini,are used to detect telomerase catalytic characteristics and the efficacy of different oligonucleotides during telomerase elongation.The results show that the highest percentage of synthesized telomeric repeats belongs to TAGGGTT during rice callus telomerase elongating the leading primers in vitro,demonstrating rice callus telomerase preferentially synthesizes TAGGGTT telomeric repeat during elongating leading primers.Telomerase preferentially elongates primers ended with TT and GT in their 3' end,then TA followed by primers ended with AG and GG in the 3' end.It is speculated that the binding site for telomerase template RNA and the leading primers is one base pair,with a preferentiality of TAG.This research is of prime significance for further understanding telomere end structure and chromosome genetic stability.


The invention discloses a general emulsion type metal cutting fluid which is characterized by comprising the following components by weight: 35-40% of mineral oil; 15-20% of an anti rust agent; 3-10% of an anionic surfactant; 2-4% of a nonionic surfactant; 4-10% of an extreme pressure antiwear agent; 2-4% of a coupling agent; 0.1-0.5% of a copper alloy corrosion inhibitor; 1-2% of a fungicide; and balance of water. The general emulsion type metal cutting fluid has the advantages of good lubricity, antirust property, cooling property and long service life and the like, is especially suitable for ferrous metal and aluminum alloy part processing, is free of toxic and harmful substances such as sodium nitrite, phenols and the like, and is harmless to environment and operators. The general emulsion type metal cutting fluid is free of a defoamer and an aluminum alloy corrosion inhibitor, so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the general emulsion type metal cutting fluid has excellent anti-corrosion effect, and can be used circularly for long time.


When it comes to basic needs such as safe drinking water, clean air and food safety, environmental health services play a critical role in the U.S. But despite their importance, the nation lacks a coordinated environmental health system, potentially putting the health of Americans at risk.


This article presents the estimation's principles of efficiency of the budgetary control, which is carried out in six stages. The evaluation of financial stability of local budgets is presented. There is a model of indexation of calculation indexes, but not financial backing funds, which will allow to improve efficiency of budget expenses.


The following research analyzes the effect of store atmosphere and social factors on positive consumer emotions. This study uses quantitative analysis techniques with multiple linear regression analysis models. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire media that was distributed to respondents taken at random as many as one hundred customers who visited the ZARA STORE counter at Pakuwon Mall Surabaya. Based on the results of data calculations, it shows that: first, all independent variables (X) have a partial and simultaneous influence on the dependent variable (Y). Second, the t-test results of the store atmosphere variable (X1) show that the store atmosphere has a partial effect on positive consumer emotions (Y) and the social factor variable (X2) partially influences Consumer Positive Emotions (Y). In addition, the simultaneous influence analysis of the two independent variables (X) on the dependent variable (Y) and get a result that is Fcalculation is greater than Ftable so the variables X proved to have a simultaneous effect on the Y variable. The results of the analysis This has supported several opinions derived from several previous studies which explained that the store environment is a character or element that must be considered by business people so as to form an image that will be attached to a brand and affect the emotions of customers or consumers who play a role in forming positive influences and significant impact on consumer impulsive buying behavior


Wolbachia endosymbionts of filariae are targets for the development of new antifilarial chemotherapy. Doxycycline to deplete Wolbachia from the worm has demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy and has provided a new chemotherapeutic tool. Recent research shows that depleting Wolbachia will also lessen pathology, and lessen adverse reactions to traditional antifilarial drugs.


Study Design. The twy/twy mouse undergoes spontaneous chronic mechanical compression of the spinal cord; this in vivo model system was used to examine the effects of retrograde adenovirus (adenoviral vector [AdV])-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene delivery to spinal neural cells. Objective. To investigate the targeting and potential neuroprotective effect of retrograde AdV-mediated BDNF gene transfection in the chronically compressed spinal cord in terms of prevention of apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Summary of Background Data. Several studies have investigated the neuroprotective effects of neurotrophins, including BDNF, in spinal cord injury. However, no report has described the effects of retrograde neurotrophic factor gene delivery in compressed spinal cords, including gene targeting and the potential to prevent neural cell apoptosis. Methods. AdV-BDNF or AdV-LacZ (as a control gene) was injected into the bilateral sternomastoid muscles of 18-week old twy/twy mice for retrograde gene delivery via the spinal accessory motor neurons. Heterozygous Institute of Cancer Research mice (+/twy), which do not undergo spontaneous spinal compression, were used as a control for the effects of such compression on gene delivery. The localization and cell specificity of &bgr;-galactosidase expression (produced by LacZ gene transfection) and BDNF expression in the spinal cord were examined by coimmunofluorescence staining for neural cell markers (NeuN, neurons; reactive immunology protein, oligodendrocytes; glial fibrillary acidic protein, astrocytes; OX-42, microglia) 4 weeks after gene injection. The possible neuroprotection afforded by retrograde AdV-BDNF gene delivery versus AdV-LacZ–transfected control mice was assessed by scoring the prevalence of apoptotic cells (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling–positive cells) and immunoreactivity to active caspases −3, −8, and −9, p75NTR, neurofilament 200 kD (NF), and for the oligodendroglial progenitor marker, NG2. Results. Four weeks after injection, the retrograde delivery of the LacZ marker gene was identified in cervical spinal neurons and some glial cells, including oligodendrocytes in the white matter of the spinal cord, in both the twy/twy mouse and the heterozygous Institute of Cancer Research mouse (+/twy). In the compressed spinal cord of twy/twy mouse, AdV-BDNF gene transfection resulted in a significant decrease in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling–positive cells present in the spinal cord and a downregulation in the caspase apoptotic pathway compared with AdV-LacZ (control) gene transfection. There was a marked and significant increase in the areas of the spinal cord of AdV-BDNF–injected mice that were NF- and NG2-immunopositive compared with AdV-LacZ–injected mice, indicating the increased presence of neurons and oligodendrocytes in response to BDNF transfection. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that targeted retrograde BDNF gene delivery suppresses apoptosis in neurons and oligodendrocytes in the chronically compressed spinal cord of twy/twy mouse. Further work is required to establish whether this method of gene delivery may provide neuroprotective effects in other situations of compressive spinal cord injury.


osmotic stress occurs when the concentration of dissolved compounds in water surrounding cells and organisms changes. For example, changes in dissolved salt (inorganic ion) concentration in the environment are common for soil bacteria exposed to drought or rain, intertidal and estuary organisms


Homomorphic encryption enables computations with encrypted data, however, in its plain form, it does not guarantee that the computation has been performed honestly. For the Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), a verifiable variant emerged soon after the introduction of FHE itself, for a single-operation homomorphic encryption (HE), particular verifiable variant has been introduced recently, called the VeraGreg Framework. In this paper, we identify a weakness of List Non-Malleability as defined for the VeraGreg framework—an analogy to the classical Non-Malleability—and define a stronger variant, which addresses the weakness and which we show not to be strengthenable any more. Next, we suggest a decomposition of the abstract VeraGreg framework, introduce novel notions of security for the resulting components and show some reductions between them and/or their combinations. We conjecture that VeraGreg achieves the strongest (and desirable) security guarantee if and only if its building blocks achieve certain, much more tangible properties. Finally, we suggest a simplification to the original VeraGreg instantiation, which now relies on hardness of particular kind of the famous Shortest Vector Problem for lattices.


The use of an imaging modality for verification of patient and target location immediately prior to application of radiation therapy has spread widely in the last years. It is referred to as Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT). Precise targeting of the tumor is very important and imaging can be immensely helpful in this process. Hence the quality assurance of the imaging systems used to guide the beam is also essential. One could argue that it is as critical as quality assurance for the radiation dose output, since the right amount of radiation dose delivered to the wrong location can be as detrimental as delivering the wrong amount of radiation dose to the right location. Kilovoltage (kV) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a premiere modality for image guidance, since it produces three-dimensional images of the region of interest of the patient in a relatively short time (1-3 min) in a sufficient quality for the purpose of patient alignment. Popular systems are the Varian OBI (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) and the Elekta XVI system (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden), shown in figure 1. This chapter introduces the different tests needed for a comprehensive QA of kV CBCT. The tests are related to (1) System safety, (2) Geometric accuracy, that is agreement of the CBCT imaging isocenter with the isocenter of the MV treatment beam, (3) Registration and correction accuracy, that is how accurately can the system position a patient, (4) Image quality, and (5) x-ray tube and generator performance (dose to the patient). It further suggests a frequency with which each of the tests should be performed, organizing them in being part of the daily, monthly and annual QA procedures. In addition, tests which should be performed following system repair or upgrades are described. Responsibility for all tests should be with a Qualified Medical Physicist. Generally the physicist will delegate some of the tests, likely the daily tests to other members of the Radiation Therapy team, for instance the Radiation Therapists. (Klein et al., 2009). For information about in-room kV X-ray imaging beyond CBCT QA see the report of AAPM Task Group 104 (Yin et al., 2009) and (Jaffrey et al., 1999).


considerations as from any traditional belief that knowledge is somehow all of a piece and deserves to be exhibited as such. Gresham Riley, for example, in his essay on the goals of a liberal education, claims that "never more than at the present time has there been a need for citizens to be able to focus the insights of various disciplines on the problems and issues which beset our collective existence."1 Underlying such calls for an interdisciplinary component to liberal education is the recognition that interdisciplinary studies encourage breadth of vision and develop the skills of inte gration and synthesis so frequently demanded by the prob lems of a culture in the midst of a profound transition.


This paper uses context-sensitive hidden markov for basic ncRNA secondary structure,and distills similarity information from result of pair-wise alignment of two sequences that is close in evolutionary distance.Then we introduce the information into the basic secondary structure model and get the novel ncRNA gene finding model consequently.


Modern life science is generating large data sets at a unprecedented speed. A major source of data are so-called omics (e.g., genomics, metabolomics, or proteomics) experiments. Consequently, management and analysis of scientific data has become a major challenge. Further, the heterogeneity of projects makes "one size fits all" data analysis systems infeasible and calls for specialized data analysis platforms.


This paper explores the use of simple analytic models to estimate the amount of biological agent required for a weapon of mass destruction. In particular, we estimate the amount of anthrax required for an outdoor attack using a Gaussian Plume Model under two different boundary conditions. For one set of parameters and general modeling assumptions, we estimate the amount of anthrax required to deliver an LD20 lethal dose 2,050 meters downstream from release to be 4 grams to 464 grams; the upper bound is more appropriate to areas densely populated with building, trees, and other objects that can absorb anthrax as it nears the ground. For identical conditions, we estimate the amount of anthrax required to kill 1,000 of 5,000 people distributed over a football-field sized area starting 2,000 meters downstream from release to be 4 grams to 452 grams. For the conditions explored, the amount of anthrax required to guarantee an average attack rate over the target area is similar to the amount required to deliver the same attack rate to a single point within the area. This is a consequence of the problem parameters. A larger target area and smaller distance between release and target would produce a larger difference between the two estimates. PHYSICS MODELING OF AIRBORNE WEAPONS KEITH V. LUCAS OCTOBER 28, 2006 PAGE 2 OF 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 The Gaussian Plume Model 3 The Lagrangian Form of the Gaussian Plume Model 4 Ground Reflection & Absorption 9 Dispersion Coefficients 10 Examples 11 Estimating the Source Strength for a Desired Point LD-Value 11 Estimating the Source Strength for a Desired Area LD-Value 14 "The Bioweaponeers" & Aerosol Terminal Velocity 16 Appendix: Sverdlovsk 1979 17 The Meselson Investigation 17 Analytic Predictions 17 References 23


The intelligent help system (IHS) is an important assistant platform, especially in online teaching system. At present most search methods of the help systems are mainly based on keyword matches in database query or hierarchical classifications. The outstanding problem is that users are required to have a certain ability of organizing Keywords, otherwise insufficient keywords would limit the query, resulting in low recall rate and excessive keywords introduce the problem of high false negative rate and return excessive information. Our approach is founded on the Galois lattices and on the automation of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) theory. FCA provides a conceptual tool for the analysis of data (e.g. documentation) and for the formal representation of knowledge. We compared information retrieval based on concept lattices to database queries and to navigation in hierarchical classifications and concluded that the performance of lattice navigation is better than the use of hierarchical classification in given domain.


Educational simulations and serious games hold great potential for creating engaging and productive learning environments in STEM domains. In this paper we present and reflect on some of our research findings in a series of studies with a computer simulation in the domain electricity. These studies used the same simulation with varying instructional designs and over a range of grades. Interestingly, each design has always had a unique influence on student performance and/or engagement. We hope our results can provide some new insights for designers when designing simulations (or, serious games) for education and for educators utilizing these designs in practical settings.


Addition of intravascular T1-shortening contrast agent to the blood is potentially advantageous for passive visualization of devices used in MR-guided endovascular therapy. Throughout the intervention, contrast-enhanced strategies can be employed for MR angiography, which are less susceptible to flow-related artifacts than time-of-flight or phase contrast techniques. Passive tracking of devices equipped with paramagnetic markers [1] will benefit form the high signal in the blood vessels. Thus, imaging strategies are conceivable that provide bright blood angiograms, which directly show the devices in correct relation to the vasculature by means of the small signal voids caused by the paramagnetic rings. In this in vitro study, we will investigate the advantages of shortening the T1 of blood for susceptibility-based tracking for the purpose of an MR-guided percutaneous balloon angioplasty procedure.


For the Seoul metropolitan area and the eastern Kyeongsang Basin, we simultaneously calculated and by applying the extended coda-normalization method for 98 seismograms of local Earthquakes. As frequency increases from 1.5 Hz to 24 Hz, the result decreased from to for and to for in Seoul Metropolitan Area. The result of eastern Kyeongsang basin also decreased from to for and to for . If we fit a frequency-dependent power law to the data, the best fits of and are and in Seoul metropolitan Area, respectively. The value of and in the eastern Kyeongsang basin are and , respectively. The value of the eastern Kyeongsang basin is almost similar to Seoul metropolitan area. But the value of the eastern Kyeongsang basin is a little higher than that of Seoul metropolitan area. This may be that the crustal characteristics of the eastern Kyeongsang basin is seismologically more heterogeneous. However, these values in Korea belong to the range of seismically stable regions all over the world.


An embodiment of the invention provides a memory space management method and a memory management device. The memory space management method comprises the steps of confirming first balance memory spaces in multiple memory spaces, wherein the first balance memory spaces are memory spaces required to be subjected to balance processing; obtaining an access state of at least one logic block CK in the first balance memory spaces, wherein the CK is a CK to be migrated in the first balance memory spaces; performing migration processing to at least one CK in the first balance memory spaces according to the access state of at least one CK in the first balance memory spaces. By adopting the memory space management method and the memory management device, data migration is performed on the first balance memory spaces according to the access state of the CK in the first balance memory spaces, accordingly the data migration expenditure can be saved to some degree, and the balancing efficiency can be accelerated.


Romania as a European maritime state, a member of the most important organizations in the Euro-Atlantic area, NATO and the European Union, is now asserting itself, as a state-recognized in terms of its status, in a period with challenges but also with multiple opportunities. The role of Romania in the realization of the regional order in the Black Sea area is important and it is achieved by intensifying the political, economic or diplomatic measures, but also by intensifying the efforts to strengthen the interoperability at NATO or EU level, in support of the efficiency of the Allied deterrence and defense mechanisms. 15 years after Romania's accession to NATO, it is in a favorable position to strengthen the national defense capacity, which includes the realization of the capabilities necessary to make our response to symmetrical and asymmetrical threats more efficient. Thus, starting with 2017, Romania has fulfilled its commitment to NATO regarding the allocation of 2% of GDP for defense, in order to continue the transformation and modernization process.


This paper provides a dynamic analysis of the officer supply-chain in the merchant marine. This approach to manpower focuses on the flow of people, that is seafarers, and the flow of information through the manpower supply-chain. Of specific interest are the different factors affecting this flow. Among these are the career structures in the merchant marine, recruitment and wastage patterns, existence of training delays, and the possible presence of feedback relationships between seagoing and shorebased maritime jobs. Considering that one of the most pressing problems the shipping industry faces is a shortage of quality-educated officers, the analysis presented focuses on this segment of maritime manpower. The paper presents a system dynamics methodology, utilized to research aspects of the officer supply-chain. The officer training supply-chain and the existing career path in the merchant marine are outlined. The main characteristics of the United Kingdom officer supply-chain are described, and some aspects of its dynamic behavior are highlighted.


"Nothing less is at stake than a massive revision of the interpretation of the economic history of Europe since the age of discovery" (p. 127). However, Usher believes Schumpeter's "vision" will yield greater returns if developed on the basis of a new empiricism rather than in terms of the essentially idealistic philosophy he attributes to Schumpeter. The volume is filled with interesting insights into the life and work of Schumpeter: his concept of science in relation to ideology, the importance of inflation in relation to economic development, his theory of the elite and his concept of democracy, the relations of socialism to democracy, his dislike for socialism combined with his belief in its inevitability, his debt to the dynamics of Marx and the statics of Walras, his admiration of Keynes's skill and his hostility to the Keynesian point of view, his opposition to antitrust policy and his defense of some aspects of monopoly, his devotion to mathematics without himself being a good mathematician, his precocity and the failure to take into his system later innovations in economic theory, his pacifistic leanings and a stepfather who was a general in the Austrian Army. The first essay is an introduction and summary of the type characteristic of volumes edited by Seymour Harris. The volume would be more useful if it included an Index and the Bibliography of Schumpeter's writings published by Mrs. Schumpeter in the Quarterly Journal of Economics for August 1950. DUDLEY DILLARD, University of Maryland


Substance abuse among the employed in South Africa has increased in recent years with major economic consequences for employers. Specialist outpatient treatment programmes are available to employers, yet few employees are inducted into these programmes. A situation analysis was conducted to explore possible reasons for this state of affairs. This article provides an overview of workplace-related limiting factors in combating substance abuse and also covers the resources needed to deal with the problem of substance abuse in the workplace. The authors suggest collaboration between employers and outpatient treatment centres as a viable solution.


Damaged fuselage can cause a fatal catastrophe that will claim numerous lives. This paper suggests the use of a regular digital camera that can generate JPEG images so as to locate the damaged part of the fuselage. The digital camera takes pictures of the fuselage. The signal processing method of JPEG assumes that the taken image is to a certain extent smooth. As a result when there is a sharp change in a particular block of an image, the value of many of its frequency coefficients will be high and it will be compressed into many more bits; therefore, if the image is overly large, an embedded computer system can track down the damage. In that case, sometimes an action can be taken so as to reduce the devastative effects of the damage.


Abstract 2187 Introduction: A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPOr), romiplostim and eltrombopag, in adult thrombocytopenic patients found a numerically but non-statistically significant increase in the occurrence of thromboembolism (TE) among treated patients compared to those not treated with TPOr.1 To put these results into context and to estimate the baseline risk of TE in ITP patients, this study will summarize results of observational studies that reported the risk of venous thrombembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombembolism (ATE) in patients with ITP relative to comparable populations without ITP. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE via Ovid and the Cochrane database for articles that included both terms relating to ITP (i.e., immune thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenia) and TE (i.e., thromboembolism, thrombosis, embolism). Articles were restricted to research on humans, published in English, January 1996 to July 2012. Only observational studies were included. We abstracted measures of relative risk (or rate ratio) comparing the incidence of TE in ITP patients with that in a comparable non-ITP population. The pooled relative risk and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by taking a weighted average of individual study results using both fixed and random effects models using the META2 module for STATA 10. Results: Five observational studies met the inclusion criteria: two from Denmark and one each from Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States; all published 2010–2012. All studies completed patient follow-up before the commercial availability of TPOr. Studies varied in the duration of follow-up, choice of comparison group, and specific events reported. Some studies excluded patients with previous events. The relative risk of any VTE among patients with ITP compared to that in a non-ITP population ranged from 1.6 to 2.9 based on 3 studies that reported VTE. The pooled relative risk of any VTE was 1.9 (95%CI 1.4, 2.7) using a fixed-effect model and similar estimates using a random effect model (test for heterogeneity, p = 0.3). The relative risk of any ATE among patients with ITP compared to that in a non-ITP population ranged from 1.3 to 1.6 based on 3 studies that reported ATE. The pooled relative risk of any ATE was 1.5 (95%CI 1.3, 1.8) for both the random and fixed effects models (test for heterogeneity, p = 0.7). Conclusions: Five population-based observational studies have been published recently comparing the risk of thrombembolism among ITP patients to populations without ITP. The results of a meta-analysis showed nearly a 2-fold increased risk of VTE and a 50% increased risk of ATE among the general population of ITP patients not treated with TPOr. These ITP patients were likely to have less severe disease than those in experimental trials where entrance criteria may require significant thrombocytopenia, prior bleeding episodes, or failure of a previous therapy. However, the demonstrated elevated risk of TE among patients with ITP should be considered when evaluating the risk of TE ascribed to ITP treatments. Disclosures: Langeberg:Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Eisen:Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Schoonen:Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gamelin:Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Stryker:Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership.


Objective The objective of this study was to describe the epidemic characteristics and trends of sexually transmitted diseases( STD) in Shunyi district of Beijing in recent years and to provide scientific basis for STD prevention and control. Methods Database of reported STD cases in Shunyi district from 2004 to 2012 were analyzed. Results Total 2 800 STD cases were reported in Shunyi district from 2004 to 2012. Of the reported cases 1 627 were males,and 1 173 were females. The ratio of males to females was 1. 39∶ 1,and 70. 03% of the reported STD cases were aged 20 ~ 39 years. The average incidence rate of overall STD was 38. 53 per 100 thousand per year. The average specific incidence rate of condyloma acuminatum,syphilis, gonorrhea,genital chlamydia trachomatis infection,HIV infection,genital herpes,AIDS ware 16. 54, 10. 31,6. 14,2. 70,1. 39,1. 11 and 0. 34 per 100 thousand per year,respectively. Conclusion While the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases has risen in the overall,but began to decline since 2010. The number of condyloma acuminatum ranks the frist disease. Condyloma acuminatum and syphilis influenced the incidence trend of STDs. HIV and AIDS were reported and increased significantly in Shunyi district.


A field‐sensitive photoconductive sampling technique has been demonstrated in measurements performed through an insulating layer without the need for conductive contact. Sampled signals are sensed by a virtual‐ground, floating‐gate amplifier without draining charge from the device under test or the photoconductive switch. The minimum detectable signal is 2.5 μV/Hz1/2 with a spatial resolution of 7 μm, while the sampling bandwidth is essentially that observed using photoconductive sampling with a conductive contact to the device under test. The photovoltaic and shot current noise are negligible in comparison with the lock‐in amplifier noise since the current flowing in this high‐impedance, floating‐gate probe is negligible.


Heavy snowfalls may have serious effects on National Transmission and Distribution Grids because they trigger the formation of sleeves on overhead power lines whose loads may cause outages and, consequently, prolonged disruptions of the energy supply. Some future projections have been elaborated on the basis of 12 high-resolution Euro-CORDEX models (spatial resolution of ~12km) under the configurations RCP8.5 ("Business-As-Usual" scenario) and RCP4.5 (scenario with moderate reductions of greenhouse gases emission) to provide information for planning actions to strength the resilience of the Power Network. Moreover, the meteorological reanalysis dataset MERIDA (with 4km spatial resolution, covering the period 1990-2020) was used for: i) implementing as well as validating the "Makkonen model" to describe the growth of the wet-snow sleeve on high-voltage lines; ii) applying a "bias-correction" of the climate data through the "Equidistant Quantile Mapping" technique; iii) elaborating the reference scenarios 2001-2020 about wet-snow occurrences and wet-snow sleeve loads. After comparing the results with some observations and the reference scenarios, climate models' outputs have been used to evaluate the future projections in the periods 2021-2040, 2031-2050, 2041-2060. Referring to Extreme Value Analysis, probability maps have been elaborated by means of the "Generalized Extreme Values" distributions. The results point out that wet-snow phenomena will generally decrease as snowfall will turn in rainfall due to global warming. Instead, these events may intensify over the highest Alpine regions as temperatures will be more likely in the range of wet-snow conditions in a future warmer climate.


The concentration and chemical state of nitrogen represent critical factors to control the band-gap narrowing and the enhancement of visible light harvesting in nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide. In this study, photocatalytic TiO2–N nanoporous structures were fabricated by the electrochemical anodization of titanium nitride sputtered films. Doping was straightforwardly obtained by oxidizing as-sputtered titanium nitride films containing N-metal bonds varying from 7.3 to 18.5% in the Ti matrix. Severe morphological variations into the as-anodized substrates were registered at different nitrogen concentrations and studied by small-angle X-ray scattering. Titanium nitride films with minimum N content of 6.2 atom % N led to a quasi-nanotubular geometry, whereas an increase in N concentration up to 23.8 atom % determined an inhomogeneous, polydispersed distribution of nanotube apertures. The chemical state of nitrogen in the TiO2 matrix was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile analysis ...


Nineteen new thiosemicarbazones were synthesized. Under microwave irradiation conditions,Methyl hydrazinecarbodithioate was reacted with ketone or aldehyde in i-PrOH to form 1a~1h with yields of 90~96%(in 2~3.5 min).Compounds 1a~1h were reacted with piperazine,N4-substituted piperazine,morpholine in ethanol to form 2~4 with yields of 68~90%(in 35~45 min).The reaction time has been brought down from hours to minutes with improved good yield as compared to conventional heating.The structures of these compounds 2~4 have been confirmed by means of their IR,mass spectra and 1HNMR.


Today and Friday the State Board of Regents will hold their reg· ular monthly meeting in Iowa City. Among the matters they will dis· cuss will be the alleged controversy between coach Forest Evashevslfi and Athletic Director Paul Brechler, which began when Evashevski announced last Friday that he would resign "effective at the expiration oC my present contract." . The meeling of the board is significant to many because the board is expected to take some stand regarding the relationship of Evashevski and Brechler with the University. In the space of six days partisan discussion on the matter has reached such proportions that the board, it is thought, will have no other choice than to pass on the Noted Art Figure, Bernard Berenson, Dies In Florence


Hole mobilities have been measured for poly(styrene) (PS) doped with triphenylmethane (TPM) and triarylamine (TAA) derivatives with the same dipole moment. The results are described by a formalism based on disorder. According to the formalism. charge transport occurs by hopping through a manifold of localized states that are distributed in energy. The key parameter of the formalism is the width of the hopping site energies. For TPM doped PS, the widths decrease with increasing dilution while for TAA doped PS, the widths increase with dilution. The widths are described by a model based on dipolar disorder. The model is based on the assumption that the total width is comprised of a dipolar component and a van der Waals component. The selection of dopant molecules with the same dipole moment provides a method by which the van der Waals component can be determined from an analysis of the total widths of both. For TPM doped PS, the van der Waals component is constant while for TAA doped PS the van der Waals component increases with increasing dilution. The difference is described by a charge delocalization argument.


The determination of waveguide trapped modes and resonances is reduced to the computation of the discrete eigenvalues of a non-self-adjoint differential operator.


of you will remember the song beloved by former students of Harrow School, notably by Sir Winston Churchill, which begins "Forty Years On." Last year, F. W. Hilles described his researches of forty years on Sir Joshua Reynolds, and displayed his fascinating collection of Sir Joshua's memorabilia, papers, and books. Next, at the Walpole Jubilee last October, Wilmarth Lewis related his forty years' experience as collector and editor of Horace Walpole's correspondence. Today you will hear another stanza of "Forty Years On," for in October 1934 at Oxford your speaker became impressed with the importance of manuscripts as the primary source of literary research, and began to acquire handwritten texts for the use of scholars today and tomorrow. Like other American graduate students, I had been accustomed to using standard editions of the standard authors. For instance, we read Chaucer, Dryden, Pope, and Byron in the squat volumes of the Riverside edition, where the texts were squeezed into double columns of six-point type, with detailed notes caboosed at the back of the book. These standard editions appeared to end the possibility for more work on the major poets. To the beginning graduate student every aspect of the great authors seemed to have been done to a crisp, finished for all time. That cliche, "everything has been done," still dominates the thinking of many neophyte students. Accordingly, the search for a dissertation topic or other subject for a book too often ends in an interpretation or reinterpretation of texts easily available. This dilemma results in making books out of books. Some reinterpretations prove valuable, but most of these books made out of books, like the little black sheep celebrated by the Whiffenpoofs, are soon "forgotten with the rest." However, as I discovered in 1934, the manuscript riches of the Bodleian Library at Oxford contrasted sharply with the meager materials of American libraries I had known previously. Here was a great ocean of essential evidence: the papers of seminal thinkers,


The transport properties of magnetized plasma configurations are studied that arise from a one-dimensional, current layer that is unstable to reconnecting modes. These magnetic configurations are partially stochastic. It is shown that ridges in the Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE) distribution are aligned with the invariant manifolds related to the lines of uniform hyperbolicity. It is shown that these ridges form approximate Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) and act as barriers to the transport of magnetic field lines.


Editors' Note: To celebrate Presence's 25th year of publication, we have invited selected members of the journal's original editorial board and authors of several early articles to contribute essays looking back on the field of virtual reality, from its very earliest days to the current time. This essay comes from founding editorial board member Steve Ellis, who discusses the pros and cons of anthropomorphic (human-like) robots.


Patients with chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have a variety of potential treatment options. Treatment typically begins with lifestyle changes and fiber supplementation. The predominant lifestyle changes are alteration of fluid intake, dietary modification, and physical activity. Laxatives constitute the second line of therapy. Patients can avail themselves of various emollient, osmotic, and stimulant laxatives. Among all the laxative agents, the strongest supporting evidence is for lactulose and polyethylene glycol. These conventional therapies have highly variable rates of therapeutic success. Most patients cope with their symptoms and are less than completely satisfied with therapy. Newer therapies have provided additional options that may help improve symptom relief and patient satisfaction. The 5-HT4 serotonin agonist tegaserod has demonstrated efficacy for chronic constipation and constipation-predominant IBS and is approved for treatment of men and women with chronic constipation and for women with IBS. The chloride channel activator lubiprostone recently was approved for treatment of constipation in men and women. The 5-HT3 antagonist alosetron has approval for treatment of diarrhea-predominant IBS in women. A host of investigational agents are in various stages of evaluation and clinical development, many of which represent new approaches to treatment of chronic constipation and IBS. (Adv Stud Med. 2006;6(4A):S237-S242) I n considering treatment options for chronic constipation, physicians should keep in mind the profile of a "typical" patient. Typically, the patient is female more often than male and has been symptomatic for more than 10 years. The majority of patients have tried lifestyle changes, fiber, and over-the-counter laxatives before seeking care. They manage their condition with several therapies. Most often, they are referred to the gastroenterologist by a primary care physician. A key point is that the typical patient copes with his or her constipation but is not completely satisfied with the treatment that is available, and therefore, a great deal of room exists for improvement. The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) Chronic Constipation Task Force has evaluated the many therapies available for chronic constipation in terms of the evidence available to support their use and their ability to alleviate constipation. Therapies were given a grade of A, B, or C depending on the level of evidence available to support their use. The Table lists the 4 levels of evidence, that were identified. Understanding the strength of a particular recommendation provides a context for evaluating available therapies for constipation and making treatment decisions that best meet the needs of our patients.


Recent reports have suggested that an exponential dependence of failure time on applied stress provides a more fundamental description of fatigue, but the power law is usually used to assess the long-term mechanical reliability of lightguide fibers. A consequence of the exponential expression is a linear dependence of applied stress and activation energy. This study applies the exponential law to all temperature-dependent fatigue data for lightguide fibers reported in the literature. The results show consistency with the prediction of the exponential expression.


Although the population of younger drivers has decreased over recent decades, their crash rates have increased. Research has associated their higher crash rates with societal influences and youthful behavior. Research was conducted to identify the specific driving maneuvers of which unsuccessful undertaking results in specific types of crashes involving younger drivers. Four types of crashes were identified as the most prominent for young drivers: intersection, rear end, passing, and single vehicle. The analysis was performed by examining the Kentucky crash database for the 1994-1996 period by using the quasi-induced exposure method. The results showed that for all crashes, there is a general trend of decreasing involvement with increasing age, which indicates that these drivers' inexperience is the largest single contributor to their increased crash rates. Of significance is that for all crashes, a dramatic decrease of involvement after the first year of driving between the ages of 16 and 17 is observed. This may be indicative of a steep learning curve in the first years of driving regarding the ability to control a vehicle. Therefore, little can be done to improve this phenomenon. Increasing awareness among young drivers about these issues and their likely crash involvement appears to be the only viable approach. However, preliminary efforts from the graduated license program show that some trends have been reduced, indicating a possible influence on the crash rates of young drivers.


ABSTRACT The steam-distilled oil from the bark of Artabotrys lastourvillensis from Gabon was examined by GC/MS. All seventeen components identified were sesquiterpenoids of which cyperene (25.9%) and cyperenone (11.1%) were the most abundant components in the oil.


Due to the technological development within the fish farming industry, new feeding technologies are being developed — however, little documentation concerning the sustainability of different innovations exist. This thesis explores different feeding technologies in aquaculture to compare their feed waste production with the use of a mathematical model of the feeding process. Factors that are considered relevant during a feeding process are discussed together with challenges of feeding farmed fish. Two feeding technologies that currently are attempting to address these challenges are presented. First, the conventional surface rotor spreader is introduced, followed by a subsea feeder. The comparison is made possible by using an already existing mathematical pellet distribution model made by SINTEF Ocean for the surface rotor spreader. The model is altered to include the feed distribution pattern of a subsea feeder. It is of interest to see how the subsea feeder measures up to the surface rotor spreader. That is why two of the subsea design parameters, the feeding depth, and the bottom ring radius, are investigated. Both parameters are simulated three times with different values for three different water current profiles: uniform current, linear decreasing moderate current, and linear decreasing strong current. A behaviour related parameter, the local fish density threshold, FDthresh, is also simulated with two arbitrarily chosen values to show how important this parameter is to the overall model. To have a starting point for the simulation, a realistic feeding regime is developed and simulated in conjunction with operators at a fish farm. The parameter study in this thesis reveals that the surface rotor spreader is the more sustainable option regarding feed waste, but it is uncertain if this is actually true in reality. For this model to produce more realistic results, it will be necessary for each fish farmer to implement local data from their fish farms. Further work must also be done to improve the model accuracy. The outcome of the comparison might change when the above is reviewed.


What is the central question of this study? Head‐to‐head comparison of the therapeutic efficacy among commercial iron chelators and a dual T‐ (TTCC) and L‐type calcium channel (LTCC) blocker on cardiac function, mitochondrial function and the protein expression of cardiac iron transporters in thalassaemic mice in iron‐overloaded conditions has not been assessed. What is the main finding and its importance? The dual TTCC and LTCC blocker efonidipine could provide broad beneficial effects in the heart, liver, plasma and mitochondria in both wild‐type and thalassaemic mice in iron‐overloaded conditions. Its beneficial effects are of the same degree as the three commercial iron chelators currently used clinically. It is possible that efonidipine could be an alternative choice in patients unable to take iron chelators for the treatment of iron‐overload conditions.


Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may prevent HIV infection, according to a study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases. It is one of the first and largest published evaluations of the use of PrEP to prevent HIV infection in a clinical practice setting.


There are about 130 species of Linaria, a genus of hardy herbs with whorled or opposite leaves; a few species are sub-shrubs. The genus, native to Eurasia, is widely dispersed. Closely related but separated from Linaria are the genera Kickxia and Cymbalaria.


We introduce a type of probabilistic fuzzy system with a generalized Mamdani-type fuzzy rule base, and an additive reasoning scheme where conditional probabilities on fuzzy events are aggregated using an interpolation approach. In this way, probabilistic fuzzy outputs can be calculated for arbitrary crisp input vectors. If desired, the probabilistic fuzzy output can be made crisp using a defuzzification and averaging step. Besides introducing the architecture of the probabilistic fuzzy systems and the corresponding equations for calculating the input-output mapping, we summarize some key results from the probability theory and statistics on fuzzy sets. To show the working of the probabilistic fuzzy models introduced, we analyze a simulated GARCH time series using a data-driven approach. A probabilistic fuzzy rule-base is derived from the given data set containing rules that yield a rather good intuitive description of the underlying GARCH-process. Further, we show some additional results like the estimated regression plane and several (un)conditional probability distributions.


In this work, it is presented functional hardware architecture for stereo processing with a modified census transform. Architecture is segmented in image rectification to avoid lens distortion, stereo processing with a modified Census transform and finally post processing using a propagation algorithm to correct false disparity values. Proposed architecture uses minimal hardware and memory requirement in a way that Spartan Low Cost FPGA is used for implementation.


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