Acoustic echo control (AEC) is a crucial component of hands-free voice interfaces. While the adaptive echo canceler provides a seemingly ideal solution, the modeling errors and the time-variance of real-world acoustic echo paths prevent a perfect cancellation. To achieve sufficient echo suppression the acoustic echo canceler therefore needs to be complemented by an adaptive echo suppression postfilter. Based on the stochastic echo path model proposed by Enzner, we derive in this contribution an MMSE solution for echo canceler and postfilter jointly. While the resulting postfilter bears some similarity with the traditional Wiener filter, it assumes a deterministic far-end signal and employs the undermodeling error and the uncertainty of the acoustic echo path in its gain computation. It thus compensates the typical deficiencies of acoustic echo cancelers in real-world applications. Another implication of the presented theory lies in the deep justification of a recent Kalman filtering trend in AEC, which delivers an echo-path estimate in conjuction with the echo-path uncertainty in the form of a posterior distribution.


abstract Although much has been written about the challenges of big data, there has been little reflection on the historicity of such debates and what we can learn from it. With this in mind, the aim of this article is to situate the epistemological debates over big data in geography historically. We focus on the three most relevant topics in current discussions around big data that have significant historical resonance, namely its methodological challenges, its scientific value, and its positionality. We conclude by arguing that understanding the historical resonance of current big data debates is helpful to find new ways to question its epistemological consequences.


Objective To assay serum apelin level in obesity and newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and investigate the relationship between serum apelin level and body fat parameter,glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance index,etc.Methods Sixty-two patients with type 2 DM and 72 subjects with normal glucose regulation (NGR) were selected and each group was divided into obese and non-obese subgroups according to body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m~2 or25 kg/m~2.The level of fasting serum apelin was measured by radioimmunoassay.Meanwhile,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),HbA_(1C),lipid profile and fasting insulin level were also measured,BMI and waist-to-hip ratio were evaluated and insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA-IR.Results After age and sex adjustment,the serum apelin level in type 2 DM was significandy higher than that of NGR [(317.9±99.6 vs 279.0±66.8) ng/L,P0.01].The apelin concentration of obese subjects are increased in both NGR and type 2 DM groups [(354.0±114.4 vs 274.1±53.0) ng/L,(299.2±74.5 vs 252.8±48.9)ng/L,both P0.05].The serum apelin level in type 2 DM obese group was significantly higher than that of NGR obese group (P0.01).Correlation analysis showed that the serum apelin is positively correlated to BMI (r=0.353),in (HOMA-IR) (r=0.355),FPG (r=0.224),total cholesterol (TC,r= 0.241) ,waist circumference (r=0.263) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.183) (P0.05 or P0.01).In a multiple step-wise regression analysis,BMI,In (HOMA-IR) and TC are independent factors related to apelin. Conclusion Serum apelin levels in obese and newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects are increased.Apelin is correlated with BMI,HOMA-IR and lipid level.Elevated serum apelin may contribute to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance syndrome.


We propose that neoplasms of lymphoid tissue arise, not as a result of immunosuppression, but as a consequence of immunostimulation. Evidence from experimental models and clinical findings is marshalled in favor of this idea. Unchecked immunostimulation may lead to activation of latent oncogenic viruses, which in turn transform lymphoid cells to a malignant state. The feedback control of the immune response may keep the activation mechanism in check; if this is so, deregulation of the immune response would favor activation of oncogenic viruses and hence the development of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases.


In this study, the importance of certain subjective variables in the aspiration towards intergenerational social mobility were examined, by using logistic regression, according to data from the PACT project. Each factor is understood as an "argumentative tool" to which the choices of the young students interviewed may be "anchored". What stands out, other than the specifics of the individual national contexts (Italy, France, Germany, and United Kingdom), is a disparity which still seems to characterise the system of aspirations in lower social classes, together with their objective condition.


M2 and S2 tidal currents in Ariake Bay in front of Isahaya Bay mouth were observed with DBF Marine Radar in 2007. These semidiurnal tidal velocities perpendicular to Isahaya Bay mouth are linearly increasing from the north to the south along the bay mouth. The parameter log(h/U3), where h is the water depth and U the amplitude of the M2 tidal current, ranges from 2.4 in southern region to 3.0 in northern region around the bay mouth. We may consider that a tidal front separates the stratified area from the well-mixied area in the contour of log(h/U3)=2.5•`3 (Yanagi et al., 1995) at the bay mouth in summer.


The overall objective of the study is to explore the current effectiveness of certification and verification schemes in Southeast Asia to strengthen the legality and sustainability of future forest management, wood processing and related trade. It analyzes how the linkages among credible certification and verification schemes and the enforcement of forest laws can be strengthened in Southeast Asia. The analysis will in particular focus on five case study countries, which are important producer or wood processing hubs in the region: Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. In particular, the study assesses the status and perceived credibility of certification and verification schemes in Southeast Asia and illustrates the extent to which they offer proof of compliance with national laws and regulations. The analysis also explores the potential impact certification could have on facilitating law enforcement and influencing market practices and sector governance. Finally, it illustrates the potential role certification could play in determining a company's qualifications with financial institutions and, hence, its access to finance.


Based on forestry map of Jinggang mountain and database which was built in 1999,we have developed a Jinggang mountain natural reserve forest resources geographical information system by GIS.We had narrated the distribution of forest resources,counted the area of different forest types.Resources status was easily seen by the system and forest type could be automatically inquired and searched.Five types of forest map were made and dynamics of forest subjects were analyzed.The result showed that from 1988 to 1999,the forest coverage percentage was going up,from 73.1% to 85%;the area of forest increased quickly;percentage of woodland rose from 77.8% to 88.38%;the forest stock of 1988,1995 and 1999 is 65.25m3/hm2,96.15m3/hm2,105.5m3/hm2,respectively.The trend apparently moved up before stabilization,Finally,the biomass was calculated as 6,160,986.70t in 1995 and 6,245,181.834t in 1999,the average carbon density of natural reserve was 86.82t/hm2 and 90.93t/hm2,on average,the increment was 1.83t/hm2·a.It draws conclusion that the forest ecosystem of Jinggang mountain natural reserve was carbon sink.


Nigerian restaurants in London have not gained as much popularity as their peers. Indeed they failed to make the top-20 in the marketing intelligence polls between 1999 and 2002. Ironically the acclaimed 'pioneers' of Nigerian cuisine have existed for much longer following the upward trend of African immigrants into the capital. This paper argues that the marketing strategies adopted by these businesses are inconsistent with the real needs of their clientele-base. Thus to improve their experiential marketing record, Nigerian restaurateurs should be more proactive in leveraging their market offerings in order to breakout from the margins to the mainstream.


This paper describes an experimental study in which water was fed to a vertical annulus, entraining air in downward flow. The annulus was subdivided by longitudinal fins into four subchannels and was heated with an azimuthally varying heat flux. A bypass was provided to simulate flow in parallel channels. For steady liquid flow, inlet temperature, and pressure boundary conditions, the power was increased until critical heat flux was reached. Overheating characteristics were grouped according to the prevailing flow pattern. In annular flows (j{sub L} < 0.3 m/s) overheating of the whole test section occurs when steam production causes countercurrent flooding. In intermittent flows (0.3 < j{sub L} < 0.9 m/s) the overheating is confined to a portion of the hot subchannel. The mechanism is postulated to be stagnation of a large bubble. In bubble flows (0.9 m/s < j{sub L}) overheating occurs by diverting inlet flow to the bypass and again involves the whole test section. Except at the very lowest flow rates, critical heat flux occurs when the effluent liquid temperature is below saturation.


The purposes of this research is to know whether general allocation fund (DAU), special allocation fund (DAK) regional own revenue (PAD), and brutto regional domestic product (PDRB) influenced capital expenditure local goverments. The research objects are regencie/municipatily of Indonesia. The used data is secondary data that is from governments recorded in table of general budget calucalation. Linier regression was used to analyzed the data. The study finds that DAU, DAK, PAD, and PDRB influenced capital expenditure simultaneously. The other founding only PDRB not influenced capital expenditure partially. Limitation of this research is that the study did nott explore which expenditure sector that is more consume local finance resources. Based on that, the future researcher need to do sector analyze  for studying which expenditure sector that is more consume local finance resources and to increase local revenue. Beside of this, to get the better result, for the researcher that want to study the same theme need to add year of observed, for example 5-10 years. Keywords: General allocation fund, special allocation fund, regional own revenue, brutto regional domestic product, and capital expenditur


n areas with complex geology with significant faulting, reefs and salt tectonics, we normally observe strong lateral velocity variations. In such areas time imaging may not be sufficient to resolve geologic structure, and may produce a misleading result.


In this note, elementary concepts of information theory are applied to develop a measure of the information conveyed to a map reader by a map. For concreteness, a choropleth map is discussed though the framework is applicable to any map with a finite number of symbols colored in a finite number of ways. The measure takes account of prior and posterior ignorance of the map reader, summarized in a set of discrete subjective probability distributions. The framework presented permits empirical estimation of information content and map-reading performance. More important, from the viewpoint of cartographic design, is the potential for incorporating psychophysical relationships between subjective probabilities and map symbolism in order to maximize information conveyed. Cette etude demontre les concepts elementaires de la theorie de l'information utilises dans le but d'en arriver a connaitre le degre de renseignements transmis au lecteur de la carte. Afin de donner un exemple concret, une carte etablie selon la...


The article is devoted to identifying the causes of anti-religious sentiments in Italy at the turn of the 18–19th centuries. The authors point to the reasons for the apologetic writings of Italian theologians. Their views had a very beneficial effect on the mental and in particular on the religious movement in Italy. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the situation in Italy in the 18–19th centuries. Based on this analysis, the authors conclude that because of the constant confrontation with the Italian government for power and their interests, apologists for Christianity, who belonged to the clergy of the Catholic Church, caused hostility towards the Catholic Church among ordinary Italians. In the course of the study, the idea of a significant impact of this situation on the spread of anti-Christian ideas in Italy at the turn of the 18–19th centuries was substantiated. And the national liberation movement for the unification of Italy, which was gaining momentum at that time, opened up a free field for the dissemination of various anti-church and atheistic teachings.


Take certain concrete-filled steel tube leaning-type arch bridge as an example, a three dimension finite element model with beam element is established in this paper. The influence of variation of space between inclined arch rib and main arch rib and cable of inclined arch rib on seismic internal force of the bridge is studied. A series of results can be obtained from this study: 1) The lateral seismic performace of the bridge could improve with cable of inclined arch rib, however, the longitudinal seismic performace reduces. 2) Under transverse seismic excitation, with the increase of spacing between inclined arch rib and main arch rib, the trend of axial force of main arch rib and inclined arch rib is contrary. The Axial force of main arch rib increases and that of inclined arch rib decreases gradually. (3)Less effect of such variations on axial force of main arch rib and inclined arch rib is found when the bridge is under longitudinal seismic excitation, which may be used as a reference to engineering practice.


This thesis describes an interface that has been developed to assist in medical procedures. Several commercial systems are currently available each with their own strength and weaknesses and the goal of this interface is to leverage each of them. It is based upon a number of toolkits such as the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and the GUI development tool QT. To facilitate the rapid deployment of highly modular applications, an Application Programming Interface (API) was created and modeled after the Model-View-Controller paradigm. The interface was then built using this API into an executable application and it provides various features such as accurate catheter navigation and the registration of data from different sources. In addition, the interface was used to investigate the accuracy of one commercial system (LocaLisa) with regards to another (CARTO). Thesis Supervisor: William J. Long Title: Principal Research Scientist, MIT CSAIL


Important network application services have been rapidly increased along with the growth of the Internet. So, it is desirable for such applications to serve transparently, continuously and safely even if the network is temporally partitioned or certain hosts running those services are crashed down. To satisfy such requirements, many group communication systems have been developed; but, those systems support only the virtual synchrony model of the Isis system. When network partitioning occurs, the model ensures that processes in the only primary component are able to make progress. The extended virtual synchrony model supports continued operation in all components of partitioned network. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a group communication system, named JACE (Jawa advanced communication environment), supporting extended virtual synchrony model. A major task of JACE is to support quality of service properties on the communication between group members, ensuring that messages send to the group are received by all members in the same, well-defined order.


(1) Background: The aim of the work is to identify some imaging parameters in osteogenesis imperfecta to assist the dentist in the diagnosis, planning, and orthodontic treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) using 3D cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and the Double Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. (2) Methods: 14 patients (9 males and 5 females; aged mean ± SD 15 ± 1.5) with a clinical-radiological diagnosis of OI were analyzed and divided into mild and moderate to severe forms. The patients' samples were compared with a control group of 14 patients (8 males and 6 females; aged mean ± SD 15 ± 1.7), free from osteoporotic pathologies. (3) Results: The statistical analysis allowed us to collect four datasets: in the first dataset (C1 sick population vs. C1 healthy population), the t-test showed a p-value < 0.0001; in the second dataset (C2 sick population vs. C2 healthy population), the t-test showed a p-value < 0.0001; in the third dataset (parameter X of the sick population vs. parameter X of the healthy population), the t-test showed a p-value < 0.0001; in the fourth dataset the bone mineralometry (BMD) value detected by the DEXA technique compared to the C2 value of the OI affected population only) the Welch–Satterthwaite test showed a p-value < 0.0001. (4) Conclusions: The research has produced specific imaging parameters that assist the dentist in making diagnostic decisions in OI patients. This study shows that patients with OI have a characteristic chin-bearing symphysis, thinned, and narrowed towards the center, configuring it with a constant "hourglass" appearance, not reported so far in the literature by any author.


The presumptive diagnosis of meningococcemia was made in a 10-year-old boy with fever and petechiae. Adenovirus type 7 was isolated from a throat and stool swab. An antibody rise from 0 to 1:128 in acute and convalescent sera occurred in temporal relationship to his illness. A microtiter tissue neutralization test is described.


Cu pumping, or the extrusion of Cu out of a TSV after being subjected to high temperature conditions, is one of the highest risk failure modes to be overcome in the development of TSV-middle integration for 3D packaging technologies. Typical Cu pumping analyses focus on a low number of data points through brute force measurement using cross sectional analysis. The low number of data points gathered for each condition does not provide results with a high statistical confidence level. In addition, it is most likely that the cross section does not provide measurement along the plane that contains the highest amount of Cu pumping, resulting in inaccurate maximum pumping height measurements. In this study, a Cu pumping measurement technique was developed using a production capable scanning white light interferometry (SWLI) system, which enables the collection of hundreds or thousands of individual TSV Cu pumping data points. This enables an accurate statistical comparison between Cu pumping mitigation schemes. Using this technique, multiple TSV plating process and thermal annealing conditions were compared by varying temperature and time to determine the conditions that resulted in the lowest amount of Cu pumping. In addition, an alternate integration scheme was investigated that includes multiple anneal and CMP planarization steps. The experimental results demonstrate that Cu pumping can be kept to a manageable level for high reliability performance.


Synopsis In order to utilize coastal forest as tsunami countermeasures, quantitative evaluation for hydrodynamic effect of coastal forest was examined in this paper. Relation between the forest density and the diameter of trunk is obtained through the field measurement data of control forest and some previous researches, which is useful information for the evaluation of effects. Numerical simulation including the model of control forest effect is performed for evaluating the quantitative effect for tsunami reduction and damage. By using simulation results, effects of reducing tsunamis can be quantitatively evaluated in a relation to the tsunami and forest conditions.


The QN-A gas reservoir in Qingnan Depression is the first discovery in the middle part of Bohai Sea,with ten billion cubic meters of gas reserves and has high CO_2 contents over 50%.The natural gas origin and key control factors have been analyzed through analysis of gas components,stable carbon isotope,helium isotope and fluid inclusion components and homogenization temperatures. The results showed that CO_2 was identified as volcanic mantle-source inorganic gas,and hydrocarbon gas is oil-type gas from Es Formation in adjacent depression.The key control factors of gas reservoir include the quick gas accumulation and strong activity Neogene boundary fault of uplift,which was beneficial to gas preservation and controlled the CO_2 migration and accumulation separately.In future exploration we should pay attention to the change of CO_2 contents controlled by fault activity.


The score-informed piano transcription dataset contains 7 recordings of simple piano pieces from the ABRSM syllabus which contain mistakes compared to the original score. The dataset includes detailed annotation of the mistakes made (extra notes, missed notes). Also included are the original scores of the pieces, non-aligned with the performance. This dataset can be used for score-informed transcription experiments, or simply for automatic piano transcription experiments by comparing the original recordings with the student's ground truth. Finally, the dataset also includes chromatic scales from the same piano source (Yamaha U3 Disklavier).


The well-known constant-coupling theory of ferromagnetism has been adapted to the problem of the nematic liquid crystal. A cluster variational formulation of the theory is developed. The calculations are based on an effective pair potential which is derived from the most general form of interaction by taking suitable averages. Expressions for the long-range order, short-range order, energy, and free energy are derived. Numerical calculations have been performed for a variety of effective interaction potentials. The temperature dependences of the order parameters and thermodynamic functions have been determined. As required by experiment, the theory is found to display a first-order nematic-isotropic phase transition. The results of the present theory are compared to those of previous calculations; questions concerning the validity of the mean-field theory have been clarified. The numerical results are also compared to a variety of experimental data.


[1] On the basis of simulations of hurricane Katrina in August 2005 with the advanced Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model at 4 km resolution without parameterized convection, empirical relationships are computed between the maximum simulated wind and the surface fluxes and precipitation and provide a reasonable fit to the data. The best track data set of global observed tropical cyclones is used to estimate the frequency that storms of a given strength occur over the globe after 1970. For 1990–2005 the total surface heat loss by the tropical ocean in hurricanes category 1 to 5 within 400 km of the center of the storms is estimated to be about 0.53 × 1022 J a−1 (where a is year) (0.17 PW). The enthalpy loss due to hurricanes computed on the basis of precipitation is about a factor of 3.4 greater (0.58 PW), owing to the addition of the surface fluxes from outside 400 km radius and moisture convergence into the storms typically from as far from the eye as 1600 km. Globally these values correspond to 0.33 W m−2 for evaporation, or 1.13 W m−2 for precipitation. Changes over time reflect basin differences and a prominent role for El Nino, and the most active period globally was 1989 to 1997. Strong positive trends from 1970 to 2005 occur in these inferred surface fluxes and precipitation arising from increases in intensity of storms and also higher sea surface temperatures. Confidence in this result is limited by uncertainties in the best track tropical cyclone data. Nonetheless, the results highlight the importance of surface energy exchanges in global energetics of the climate system and are suggestive of the deficiencies in climate models owing to their inadequate representation of hurricanes.


Incorporation of a Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ alloy layer in the channel of a p-channel MOSFET has been proposed as a means to improve device performance. In order to achieve optimal performance in such a device, the inversion charge distribution must be located in the alloy channel layer where the carrier mobility is highest. The smaller bandgap of the Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ alloy layer, compared to Si, creates a potential well in which the carriers can reside. Understanding how the carriers distribute themselves under various gate bias conditions is necessary in order to achieve optimal device design. The authors' aim is to demonstrate the dependence of the charge distribution in a Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/Si p-channel MOSFET based on the self-consistent solution of the Schrodinger-Poisson equations.<<ETX>>


In the context of vegetation studies Earth Observation (E.O.) data have been extensively used to retrieve biophysical parameters of land surface. In some cases, thanks to the availability of near-real-time data, tools and applications have been developed and implemented in the fields of precision agriculture, water resources monitoring and management. So far, empirical approaches based on vegetation indices (Vis) have been successfully applied. They may provide a satisfactory level of accuracy in the estimation of important vegetation biophysical parameters (e.g. LAI, fractional ground cover, biomass, etc). Such methods, however, require a reliable reference data-set to calibrate empirical formulas on different vegetation types; furthermore, they are generally based on a few spectral bands, with a consistent under-exploitation of the full spectral range available in new generation sensors. Alternative approaches based on inversion of radiative transfer models of vegetation represent a challenging opportunity for the estimation of vegetation parameters from data with high dimensionality. This work evaluates the effectiveness, in terms of accuracy and computational complexity, for retrieving the Leaf Area Index, on one hand, by means of empirical relationships, such as the simple CLAIR model proposed by Clevers (1989) and based on the Weighted Differences Vegetation Index (WDVI), and, on the other hand, by means of mathematical inversion of the combined radiative transfer model PROSPECT and SAILH (PSH). Both approaches, i.e. empirical relationship LAI (WDVI) and radiative transfer model inversion, have been tested by using super- spectral and multi-angular data in the solar domain from the Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on the PROBA experimental satellite.


Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technology is widely used in the field of service robots and unmanned systems. ORB-SLAM2 is one of the famous feature point based real-time SLAM systems, which has high positioning accuracy, robustness, and the ability to operate in different environments. However, the entire SLAM system can only estimate sparse mapping. In order to construct the 3D point cloud map, the color information in the image needs to be transformed and combined with the depth information captured by the stereo camera. In this paper, we construct a binocular SLAM framework called MYNT-vSLAM to improve the sparse mapping of ORB-SLAM2. Experimental results verified the feasibility of this algorithm, which is robust and fast in complex indoor environment, and can be applied to location and 3D point cloud map construction.


For 20 years, the theory of emerging adulthood has shaped how we think about the third decade of life. In honor of that I would like to revisit the distinct features of emerging adulthood outlined in the theory but then discuss them in light of what we know now via a lens that looks not at what those distinct features are but what they afford, or offer, young people for good and for ill. By thinking about what emerging adulthood affords, we can better capture the heterogeneity of paths young people take through the 20s. Specifically, it is my hope to have us think about the potential positive and negative implications of emerging adulthood on the lives of young people throughout the 20s and into subsequent life stages. Finally, I will underscore the obligation we have to take what we now know to help emerging adults.


In this paper, a weighted method of parameter estimation for the Cobb-Donglas production funetion was proposed. The real example analysis indicated that the precision of the model obtained from the wehghted method was higher than that of the model obtained from the classical method.


Traditionally thunderstorm climatologies have been derived using either surface station reports of thunderstorms, e.g. Changnon (1988a,1988b), or severe wind and damage reports from the National Climatic Data Centre's (NCDC) storm events database, e.g. Kelly et al. (1985). Both approaches have their limitations, and in particular the fact that the use of either of these two data sources tends to lead to results that are biased towards either the surface station locations or areas where there are concentrations of population, such as large urbanized centres. A further limitation associated with the use of these two data sources is that while it is possible to broadly define the area affected by thunderstorms on any given day, the ability to track thunderstorm movements in both time and space is extremely limited because of the coarse spatial and temporal resolution of the underlying data. As an alternative to using surface station thunderstorm reports or the NCDC's storm events database a number of authors have examined the possibility of using radar data to develop thunderstorm climatologies. Bellon and Zawadzki (2003) developed a climatology of convectively driven severe weather events for southern Quebec for the period 1993-2001 using Doppler weather radar data from the J.S. Marshall Radar Observatory at McGill University. Similarly Klimowski et al. (2003) used a combination of radar data and severe wind reports to identify the convective systems responsible for severe winds over the northern High Plains in the period 1996-1999. In this paper, as part of a larger project examining the effects of high intensity winds (HIW) on transmission lines, we consider the use of WSR-88D radar data to develop a thunderstorm climatology for the state of North Dakota that allows both temporal and spatial variations in thunderstorm activity in the region to be explored. Ultimately the intention is to use the resulting climatology to derive statistical distributions for parameters such as the translation speed, heading and intensity of thunderstorms for use in a stochastic thunderstorm risk model for the area that could be used to assess the risk to transmission line networks due to high winds associated with thunderstorms.


The thesis presents the results of an ergonomics survey which contains eleven studies in five different industries of Thailand and four different industries of Japan (Papers A to K). The aims of th ...


Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performances for the target analytes. Derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures of derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ, or procedures based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, the chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on the representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).


The problem that the medical information work is specific expression of hospital comprehensive efficiency is pointed out. By giving medical information personnel is the key of the information construction, the emphasizing important effect of it and aiming directly at "patient-centered" to produce the construction level on the function of information center and medical information personnel. The hospital development combines with reality of medical information to prefer culti- vation suggestion of the medical information personnel.


I would like to touch briefly on two issues in answer to the question posed for this session: first, the integration of housing finance into the financial and regulatory mainstream; and second, the need to modernize budgetary and regulatory accounting. I have chosen these topics for several reasons. They are important, they get less attention than is deserved, and I have thought quite a bit about them from both an academic and policy perspective. For those of us who have long worried about Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — in particular, their spectacular political and market power, their lack of transparency, and the costs and risks to taxpayers associated with their implicit guarantee — the crisis has opened up the tantalizing possibility of rationalizing the structure and regulation of housing finance. Yet, although it is widely agreed that the housing bubble precipitated the financial crisis and that Fannie and Freddie posed a serious systemic risk as "too big to fail" institutions, there is still no official, articulated vision for how housing finance will be structured and regulated in the future. When these issues are mentioned at all, it is usually outside of the broader context of any regulatory restructuring of banking and financial markets. The omission can be seen, for instance, in a series of Treasury proposals for restructuring the financial system — both under the previous


Cloud federation is an emergent cloud-computing paradigm that allows services from different cloud systems to be aggregated in a single pool. To support secure data sharing in a cloud federation, anonymization services that obfuscate sensitive datasets under differential privacy have been recently proposed. However, by outsourcing data protection to the cloud, data owners lose control over their data, raising privacy concerns. This is even more compelling in multi-query scenarios in which maintaining privacy amounts to controlling the allocation of the so-called privacy budget. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based approach that enables data owners to control the anonymization process and that enhances the security of the services. Our approach relies on blockchain to validate the usage of the privacy budget and adaptively change its allocation through smart contracts, depending on the privacy requirements provided by data owners. Prototype implementation with the Hyperledger permissioned blockchain validates our approach with respect to privacy guarantee and practicality.


We demonstrate on-chip broadening of an integrated electro-optic-modulator-based femtosecond pulse source on thin-film lithium niobate. A frequency comb spanning 3/5 octave is generated using 14 mW average on-chip power and 0.5 pJ pulse energy.


Objective Aimed to verify the major risk factors and to resolve or explain the contradictions in Linzhou City. Methods A hospital based case control study was conducted.All the patients who had been diagnosed pathologically at the main hospitals in Linzhou City were recruited as the case group whereas non - cancer patients with various diseases in various departments at the same time and hospital,with similar age and length of stay,were used as the control group.Results Multivariate analysis indicated that family history of esophageal carcinoma(OR:2.59,P = 0.001) was an important risk factor and eating pickled vegetables(OR: 2.02,P= 0.015) and less consumption of animal foods(OR:2.17,P = 0.004) were also significant factors.Males smoking 30 or more cigarettes a day had a significant risk of developing esophageal carcinoma(OR =2.19,P = 0.042).There was a significant dose - effect relationship between the incidence of esophageal carcinoma and eating pickled vegetables(diet years and abstinence years) and smoking(daily smoking amount).Conclusions In Linzhou City,family history of esophageal carcinoma is a major risk factor for developing esophageal carcinoma.The effect of overeating pickled vegetables is still the important risk factor.Heavy smoking among males is also an important risk factor.


Performance analysis of iterative timing recovery schemes, which perform timing recovery, equalization, and error-correction decoding jointly, is difficult because of their complexity. In this paper, we apply the extrinsic information transfer chart (EXIT chart) analysis as a tool to compare and predict their performances. Simulation results indicate that the system performance predicted by the EXIT chart coincides with that obtained by simulating data transmission over a complete iterative receiver, especially when the coded block length is large.


The jam was processed by using Chaenomeles speciosa S.Nakai as the raw material,Isomalt and Aspartame(100:1) as sugar substitutes,low methoxyl pectin and CaCl2(4:1) as thickeners,citric acid as sour agent.The sensory evaluation results of the Chaenomeles speciosa S.Nakai jam were analyzed by fuzzy mathematics.And then the optimal technology was investigated.The results showed that when the sweetener,thickener and sour agent were 20%,0.6%,0.2%,and boiling time was 30min,the sensory evaluation result of the jam was belonged to gradeⅠ,excellent quality.


Hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, hyper inflammatory disorder which may be associated with hematologic malignancy. This is a case of fulminant HLH associated with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. A 42-year-old Malian woman presented with constitutional symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with lymphoma and HLH. Her initial work-up was unrevealing for malignancy and infectious etiology. Hematologic malignancy may be complicated by severe forms of HLH. To ensure better clinical outcomes, physicians should consider initiation of treatment for HLH prior to treatment of lymphoma. This case demonstrates the importance of considering rare conditions in a critically ill, febrile patient while also evaluating for other more common etiologies.


nsects, sustaining flight at low Reynolds numbers (500<Re<10,000), fly utilizing mechanically simple kinematics (3 degrees of freedom) at an extremely high flap frequency (150–200 Hz), resulting in a complicated vortical fluid field. These flight characteristics result in some of the most agile and maneuverable flight capabilities in the animal kingdom and are considered to be far superior to fixed wing flight, such as aircraft. Bees are of particular interest because of the utilization of humuli to attach their front and hind wings together during flight. A Cartesian-based adaptive meshing implementation of the Lattice-Boltzmann Method is utilized to resolve the complex flow field generated during insect flight and is verified against experimental and computational results present in the literature in two dimensions. The Lattice-Boltzmann Method was found to agree well in both qualitative and quantitative comparisons with both two-dimensional computational and three-dimensional experimental results.


In some circumstances, the performance of machine learning (ML) tasks are based on the quality of signal (data) that is processed in these tasks. Therefore, the pre-processing techniques, such as r...


This paper is concerned with state tracking as well as reference tracking of noisy nonlinear dynamic systems over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, which is subject to transmission noise imperfection and transmission power constraint. In order to address these problems, in this paper we implement a suitable linearization method. Using this method, we linearize the nonlinear dynamic system around working points and for linearized systems, we present proper encoder and decoder for tracking the state trajectory of nonlinear dynamic systems at the end of communication link when sensor measurements are sent through the AWGN channel subject to imperfection and constraint. The satisfactory performance of the proposed state and reference tracking techniques are illustrated via computer simulations by applying these techniques on the unicycle model, which is an abstract representation for the nonlinear dynamics of autonomous vehicles.


A journey of a young man started from day one in the hospital. When he came with the traumatic paraplegia, no doubt a paraplegic has to face a lot of challenges in his life when he came to know that his both legs are not working. He became bedridden and his moral is also become down for his future planning. But we accept the challenge, a team work by an orthopaedician and a physio-occupational therapist make it little easier. Postoperatively we prefer to offer rehabilitation through community base programme. Inspiration of hospital environment and equipment are going to help him for such kind of programme he accepts the challenge, basic aim of providing this programme is to reduce duration as well as incurred monitor losses. Special attraction of this case report is homemade bicycle, which served the purpose of providing repetitive rhythmic mobilisation of bilateral lower limbs which facilitates normal pattern of ambulation. Now he is ambulatory and goes back to his work. So, a person with spinal cord injury involved with their community with a little modification in his activity and equipment is worth for him. Traumatic paraplegia offers a big challenge to physio- occupational therapist due to long term recovery it takes.  For Such patients on regular follow up till complete recovery, we preferred community based rehabilitation. This made him independent and incurred reduced monitory losses.


In vitro nasal and tracheal ciliary beat frequencies (CBFs) were measured photometrically in brush samples of 15 patients undergoing bronchoscopy. Tracheal and nasal CBF values in these patients were found to be significantly correlated (r = .74, p < .01), and the latter did not differ significantly from the nasal CBF of 80 subjects serving as controls. Premedication with morphine and atropine and local anesthesia with lidocaine hydrochloride significantly decreased the CBF. Among the control subjects, a significantly higher CBF (13.6 ± 1.5 Hz) was found in the young age group (10 to 19 years) as compared to other groups (12.2 ± 1.7 Hz). Gender and ethnic origin did not influence CBF in any age group. These data support the possible use of the in vitro study of nasal epithelium to reflect the CBF in the lower respiratory tract.


An asymmetry is observed in the hysteretic surface acoustic wave (SAW) attenuation curve that is obtained when a magnetic field is applied in the plane of a magnetoelastic film which is deposited on the surface of the substrate carrying the SAW. We propose that a SAW acoustogyric effect may account for this asymmetry.


In this paper we analyze the heteroclinic cycle and the Hopf bifurcation of a generic dynamical system with the symmetry of the group $\mathbf{Q}_8,$ constructed via a Cayley graph. While the Hopf bifurcation is similar to that of a $\mathbf{D}_8$--equivariant system, our main result comes from analyzing the system under weak coupling. We identify the conditions for heteroclinic cycle between three equilibria in the three--dimensional fixed point subspace of a certain isotropy subgroup of $\mathbf{Q}_8\times\mathbf{S}^1.$ We also analyze the stability of the heteroclinic cycle.


Propelled by the recent social activism that calls for not-for-profit food cooperatives (coops) to address the food desert and job desert issues, more food coops are establishing their presence in less-populated areas or poor communities. This trend has motivated us to examine the entry conditions for food coops with the following two related social missions: (A) maximize reserve to support the local community needs; and (B) maximize sales to support the local economy. We present a game-theoretic model to analyze the competition between an entrant not-for-profit coop and an incumbent for-profit retailer in a market comprising heterogeneous consumers with different annual consumption rates and social benefit levels. We examine the coop's pricing strategy and entry conditions, the impact of the coop's entry on the retailer's profit, and the conditions under which the retailer should deter the coop's entry. Our analytical results indicate that a coop can afford to enter the market only when its fixed annual operating cost is below a certain threshold. Upon entry, it is optimal for the coop to set a membership fee and a member-only discount to attract at least those consumers with high consumption rate. We show that the coop's entry is detrimental for the retailer. However, interestingly, even if the retailer can profitably deter the coop's entry, it is actually optimal for the retailer to tolerate it when the coop's annual fixed operating cost is below a threshold, where this threshold is lower for a coop with mission (B) than mission (A).


Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China; Henan Medical Association, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Competence Center of Thoracic Surgery, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province 450052, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, People's Republic of China


Lactation records of South African Holstein and Jersey cows were classified into six calving seasons and 18 age x lactation classes using several trials involving analysis of variance and estimation of fixed effects of calving age on test-day as well as 305-day yields. Best Linear Unbiased Estimates for the effect of season and age x lactation were derived using an animal model following the prediction of daily milk, butterfat and protein yields on fixed days-in-milk and of cumulative 305-day yields by linear interpolation. For both breeds, test-day and cumulative 305-day yields were higher for cows calving in mid-winter (June/July) compared to cows calving in mid-summer (December/January). Daily yields early in the lactation were more influenced by calving age than daily yields towards the end of the lactation. Cows that calved at younger ages in lactations 1 and 2 produced less milk compared to cows calving at older ages over the entire lactation. Second and later parity cows had higher test-day yields than heifers for most stages of the lactation. These estimates can be used to adjust test-day and cumulative yields for the effect of season and age class, thereby enabling the determination of herd levels and the derivation of standard lactation curves and projection factors for South African Holstein and Jersey cows.


Residual pesticides such as phosmet in fruit have become a public concern in recent years. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with silver colloid and Klarite substrates was used to detect and characterize phosmet pesticides extracted from the navel orange surfaces. Enhanced Raman signals of phosmet over a concentration range of 5 to 30 mg/L were acquired with silver colloid. Partial least squares (PLS) regression combined with different data preprocessing methods was used to develop quantitative models. With the 2nd derivative data preprocessing, the best prediction model of phosmet pesticide was achieved with a correlation coefficient(r) of 0.852 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 5.177 mg/L. Enhanced Raman signals of phosmet over a concentration range of 10 to 80 mg/L were acquired with Klarite substrates. The PLS model was validated by leave-one-out cross validation. The results showed that the RP was 0.963, and the RMSEP was 6.424 mg/L. This study indicated ...


Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a plant with phytoestrogenic properties, which has been used as a major part of diets in husbandry. Since there are controversial reports related to the effects of alfalfa consumption on animal fertility, its effects on rat testicular tissue were assessed in the present study. Control (n=15) and alfalfa (n=15) groups were fed with ordinary rat chow and ordinary rat chow plus alfalfa, respectively. Testicles were removed after 30, 45, and 60 days of consumption, and tissue sections were prepared to assess histomorphometric changes related to alfalfa consumption. Based on the results, there was no significant difference in length, width, and volume of testes of treated rats to control in all groups. But the number of testicular spermatogonia cells, primary spermatocyte cells, primary spermatid cells, testicular spermatozoid cells and Leydig cells significantly or insignificantly increased in rats that received alfalfa for 30 days but all of these Original Research Article Hadadi et al.; JPRI, 32(12): 10-17, 2020; Article no.JPRI.50447 11 parameters insignificantly decreased in rats that received alfalfa for 60 days. The cause of these changes may be due to estrogenic or anti-estrogenic, antioxidant and endocrine effects of alfalfa. Conclusion: Consumption of alfalfa for short time had only a transient positive effects on testicular tissues but use of alfalfa for 60 days had little destructive effects on testicular tissue in rats. So longer durations of time could be suggested for further research on the effects of alfalfa on rat's reproduction index.


The "alt-right" base is an anonymous army of trolls, a new generation of internet racists who have pushed a nihilistic movement into the public eye with a mix of shock tactics, targeted harassment, outright calls to violence, and a savvy understanding of social media. Yes, the "alt-right" is a reactionary, ethno-nationalist formation that has been fueled and empowered by the rise of Donald Trump. But it is also a movement wracked with internal contradictions, plagued by division, and birthed of an older internet culture that preceded it and continues to inform its tactics, language, and organizational structure. Understanding the role of the "alt-right" in the current political moment means spending less time looking for ideological coherence and more on understanding how it exercises its power.


Objective To provide decision-making basis for solving the medical expenses overgrowth problem by quantitative research of increases influence factors in urban hospital medical treatment fee and the factor interactions.Methods Using the observation variable structure equation model to analyze rising medical costs influence factors.Results ① The government reducing financial input would lead medical costs rise,financial investment increase 1 billion yuan,resulting in per capita medical costs decline 0.334 yuan and urban hospital medical costs reduced total 39.6 billion yuan.② Medical treatment cost growth is irrational.GDP and retail price index is growing,but medical treatment charge is fallen.③ Medical expenses growth is related to the income level and the patient characteristics,per capita income increase one yuan,the per capita medical expenses growth 0.088 yuan.the percentage of the number of admissions by number of clinical visits is higher,medical expenses growth is lower;④ Medical treatment fee increases is irrelevant with the work efficiency of doctors.Conclusion Controlling medical expense rise mainly controls medical treatment fee increases.The government financial input on health service should be keeping growth simultaneously with GDP and slightly higher level,increasing input growth around 10% each year.


We present a strong form meshless solver for numerical solution of the nonstationary, incompressible, viscous Navier–Stokes equations in two (2D) and three dimensions (3D). We solve the flow equations in their stream function‐vorticity (in 2D) and vector potential‐vorticity (in 3D) formulation, by extending to 3D flows the boundary condition‐enforced immersed boundary method, originally introduced in the literature for 2D problems. We use a Cartesian grid, uniform or locally refined, to discretize the spatial domain. We apply an explicit time integration scheme to update the transient vorticity equations, and we solve the Poisson type equation for the stream function or vector potential field using the meshless point collocation method. Spatial derivatives of the unknown field functions are computed using the discretization‐corrected particle strength exchange method. We verify the accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme through commonly used benchmark and example problems. Excellent agreement with the data from the literature was achieved. The proposed method was shown to be very efficient, having relatively large critical time steps.


Temperature dependence of the free-volume of voids in hexadecane (HXD) con ned in the 3 nm silica gel pores (Develosil-30) was measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Di erent amount of HXD was lled into the pores of matrix. The anomalous thermal expansion was observed in the partially lled pores with extremely low lling. The thermal expansion coe cient of free-volume voids in this solidi ed HXD layer has a negative sign at temperatures below 180 K compared to highor fulllled pores of silica gel. At these temperatures, the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements demonstrate the appearance of a new type of the free volume within HXD which has been interpreted as the cracks in the HXD layer on the inner walls of matrix cavities. The di erential scanning calorimetry method con rmed that the processes were enacted within pores and not on the outer surfaces of silica gel grains. In the sample with the extremely low lling, only the one HXD solidi cation/melting e ect connected with con ned states is manifested.


This essay presents some of the major Cuba's democratic shortcomings nowadays. With a theoretical and practical approach, the author establishes a dialogue between his experiences and the conceptual contributions of prominent contemporary social scientists. He explains, "particratic", bureaucratic and post-totalitarian performance of the Cuban's "state socialism", and its adverse consequences for citizenship. Finally, he analyzes the development of the ongoing reforms and, in this context, he exposes the fundamental pillars that the democratization of Cuban society should include


High power laser systems such as the LMJ laser or the LIL laser, its prototype, require large optical components with very strict and various specifications. Technologies used for the fabrication of these components are now usually compatible of such specifications, but need the implementation at the providers' sites of different kind of metrology like interferometry, photometry, surface inspection, etc., systematically performed on the components. So, during the production for the LIL and now for the LMJ, CEA has also equipped itself with a wide range of specific metrology devices used to verify the effective quality of these large optics. These various systems are now used to characterize and validate the LMJ vendors' processes or to perform specific controls dedicated to analyzes which are going further than the simple "quality control" of the component (mechanical mount effect, environment effect, ageing effect,...). After a short introduction on the LMJ laser and corresponding optical specifications for components, we will focus on different metrology devices concerning interferometry and photometry measurements or surface inspection. These systems are individually illustrated here by the mean of different results obtained during controls done in the last few years.


Whilst engaged in the examination of the polyatomic ammonias of the ethylene-series, I have repeatedly endeavoured to produce the diatomic bases corresponding to the aromatic monamines. The composition and general characters of these compounds were sufficiently indicated by the examination of ethylene-diamine. The simple relation which the latter body bears to ethylamine, C2H5 Ethylamine H }N, H (C2H4)" Ethylene-diamine H2 }N2 H2 could leave no doubt regarding the existence of a series of diatomic aromatic ammonias similarly related to aniline and its homologues.


The accuracy and efficiency of computing multiple integrals is a very important problem that arises in many scientific, financial and engineering applications. The research
conducted in this thesis is designed to build on past work and develop and analyze new numerical methods to evaluate double integrals efficiently. The fundamental aim is to
develop and assess techniques for (numerically) evaluating double integrals with high accuracy.
The general approach presented in this thesis involves the development of new multivariate approximations from a generalaised Taylor perspective in terms of Appell type
polynomials and to study their use in multi-dimensional integration. The expectation is that the new methods will provide polynomial and polynomial-like approximations that
can be used for application in a straight forward manner with better accuracy. That is, we aim to devise and investigate new multiple integration formulae and as well as provide information on a priori error bounds.
A further major contribution of the work builds on the research conducted in the field of Gruss type inequalities and leads to a new approximation of the one and two dimensional finite Fourier transform. The approximations are in terms of the complex exponential mean and estimate of the error of approximation for different classes of functions of bounded variation defined on finite intervals.
It is believed that this work will also have an impact in the area of numerical multidimensional integral evaluation for other integral operators.


Distributed systems in which users consume and supply different types of services and resources are becoming ever more prevalent. For the matching of consumers and providers, preference-based two-sided matching algorithms can be used to improve the efficiency of the overall match outcome. In such systems, requesting (providing) users rank others based on preferences derived from feedback. Trust can be inferred using trust networks through direct or indirect feedback based on previous actions, and influences the preference ranking that users submit to the matching algorithm. As feedback influences the preference ranking and thus the matching, in this paper we propose a novel methodology which makes use of feedback in the decision making of preference rankings, in order to avoid being matched to untrustworthy users (or provides not likely to deliver their service). We use a simulation based validation approach to determine the effects of dynamic/continuous feedback and its influence on preference ranking of providers.


Presently, the most common procedure used by engineers to evaluate existing buildings is probably a code approach that was developed for the design of new construction. Many engineering firms that specialize in seismic evaluation will develop procedures based on their own experience. It is the purpose of this paper to give an overview of some of the most easily obtainable documents on seismic evaluation procedures and to comment how they may be improved and developed for wider use by the design profession.


This article describes a new learning paradigm, known as ubiquitous learning or u-learning, which is supported by the ubiquitous computing technologies. Instead of that, the article also aims at providing fundamental information related to u-learning for researchers who are interested in venturing this new area of ubiquitous computing. The u-learning definition and characteristics are compared and discussed in proposing a conclusive definition of u-learning together with its characterization. Finally, some of the u-learning applications are explained to further enhance the understanding of u-learning concept.


As it is difficult to obtain high purification and output DNA of edible oils,high pure GMO sample preparation kit is used after optimizing,comparing with CTAB method,and the endogenesis and extragenesis in the edible oils is detected successfully by Real-Time PCR.


Gardens include not only art but also nature. According to different relationships between art and nature, this article clarifies five types of gardens: the French-style gardens, the English-style gardens, topiary gardens, Japanese gardens, and Chinese gardens. Based on this clarification, this article argues that Chinese gardens follow the lead of the essential qualities of art instead of the essential qualities of nature. With "borrowing" and "following", the natural elements in Chinese gardens extend to the field of art. The boundaries between art and nature are erased. The aesthetic appreciation of Chinese gardens challenges the "positive aesthetics", which is prevalent in contemporary environmental aesthetics, and endorses a "negative aesthetics", which we can find its supports in traditional Chinese philosophy.


Abstract: This paper describes the development of an authentication system with Internet of Things (IOT) enabled solution and the dashboard support with mobile applications. This Authentication system is composed of NI myRIO embedded controller with the proximity detection sensor, which senses the presence of the person in front of the device setup. After sensing a person in front of the system, GSM module is utilized to send the unique One Time Password (OTP) to the owner of the system for accessing and will provide an option of entering the OTP through the assembled thumbwheel switches. Once after entering the password, on board button of NI myRIO has to be pressed to make an entry of the password into system. If password matches with master database OTP, authentication will be provided to the end user along with LED glowing status and motor rotation will be turned on. If the password doesn't match with the master database password, the buzzer will be blowing indicating the authentication failure that means access denied. In both the cases the data will be updated to cloud through dweet IOT service and the same status can be even updated into dash board application.


The unit of Electric spindle is decided processing speed and precision of the machine key functional components, it determines the development direction of machine tool industry. Use high-performance structure ceramic as electric spindle of spindle, bearing main of rotating parts material, mainly use ceramic material density is small, hardness higher good characteristics, improve the inherent frequency and life axis. Based on the modal analysis theory, the use of the laboratory's hammer excitation 170SD30 models of the ceramic motorized spindle by experimental modal analysis got its first three order inherent frequency and critical speed. Results show that all the ceramic motorized spindle rated frequency far below its first order natural frequency, rated speed far below its first order critical speed, it can effectively avoid resonance region that ensure the process accuracy.


In World War Ⅱ, the United States of America and the United Kingdom voluntarily abolished the extraterritoriality system in China in January 1943. It not only helped promote China's international position, but also strengthened China's self-confidence. Frankly speaking, in abolishing all unequal treaties, Chiang Kai-shek's attitude was the decisive key point. This essay is based on the Chiang Kai-shek Collections and relative governmental documents held in Academia Historica, and discussed how Chiang changed his attitude forwards the Sino-British Treaty. At first, Chiang thought Churchill, the United Kingdom premier, was a crafty person, so Chiang could not trust him. Finally, Chiang hoped to sign the Sino-British treaty for the abolition of extraterritoriality and related rights in China smoothly, even shelved the plan about taking over Hong Kong sovereignty.


This document defines a mechanism to run Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection (BFD) on Link Aggregation Group (LAG) interfaces. It does so
by running an independent Asynchronous mode BFD session on every LAG
member link. This mechanism allows the verification of member link
continuity, either in combination with, or in absence of, Link
Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). It provides a shorter detection
time than what LACP offers. The continuity check can also cover
elements of Layer 3 (L3) bidirectional forwarding.


The strength problem of sandwich beam with corrugated core under three-point bending is presented.The beam are made of steel and formed by three mutually orthogonal corrugated layers. The finite element analysis (FEA) of the sandwich beam is performedwith the use of the FEM system - ABAQUS. The relationship between the applied load and deflection in three-point bending is considered.


OBJECTIVE: Depression and anxiety levels adult patients with celiac disease (CD) have been investigated and conflicting results have been reported. However, there are limited studies on the association of CD with depression and anxiety in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a tendency toward depression and social anxiety in children with CD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients aged between 8-14 years old and who had a gluten-free diet for at least one year and healthy controls within the same age group were included in this study. All participants were administe-red the Children Depression Inventory (CDI) and Social Anxiety Scale-Revised (SASC-R). 45 children with celiac disease and 45 healthy children were included in this study. RESULTS: The mean age of the experimental group was 11.6 ± 2.4 years old and 76% were female. The mean age of the control group was 12,0±2.1 years old and 62% were female. No significant differences were found between children with CD and healthy controls in terms of CDI and SASC-R scores. Anxiety levels of the patients whose adherence to the diet was good were found to be higher. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the incidences of depression and social anxiety were not different from healthy children as similar to previous studies in children with CD.


This erratum corrects several typographical errors in the above article. On page 557, equation (4.19) and the expressions for Wij above equation (4.19) are incorrectly typed.The correct expressions are given implicitly on page 556 and the error doesn't effect the subsequent developments. The corrected equations for page 557 read as follows:


This paper describes a suppression technique for the lowest-order plate mode in wafer bonded surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices using LiTaO3 (LT) thin plate. When LT plate thickness is close to the SAW wavelength, say micron order, the lowest-order plate mode appears near the main resonance. It is shown that the plate mode can be suppressed by choosing LT cut angle, electrode thickness and LT plate thickness properly. It is also shown that when the acoustic length is finite, the leaky nature causes additional loss even when the LT plate is extremely thin. Detailed discussions are also given how the additional loss changes with the plate thickness.


This study is aimed to investigate the relationship among safety accident and perception of patient safety culture, to provide the basic data for building the patient safety culture of hospital nurses. The self-administered questionnaires were given to 129 nurses employed in hospital during the period from November 10th to 15th, 2011. The safety accident occurrence of patient was statistically significant difference according to safety education of nurse and job satisfaction of nurses. As a results, nurses' perception to the patient safety culture of hospital shows on the average score(3.46±0.3). Among three categories, patient safety culture in a ward, and patient safety culture within hospital and safety awareness in a ward show respectively on the average score 3.59±0.3, 3.41±0.5, 3.41±0.4. The score of level of patient safety culture of hospital nurses was statistically significant difference according to marital status, safety education, occupational satisfaction and health status. In correlation among safety accident occurrence of patient and safety education of nurse, patient safety culture in a ward, patient safety culture within hospital and safety awareness in a ward showed positive relationship. The results of this study indicate that education program are needed to prevent safety accident occurrence of patient, and to build the patient safety culture of hospital nurses, and to increase the safety education and occupational satisfaction, and to improve the nurses' health status.


In China,social conflicts caused by levying activities are not rare.One of the root causes is the fuzzy definition of public interest in the expropriation system.Drawing on a close examination of the connotation of public interest,the advanced experience in public interest determination in the United States and an analysis of the current situation in China,the paper proposes that,to perfect the related regulations concerning public interest in the expropriation system,China should consider comprehensively all factors affecting economic development,adopt a recapitulative legislative model and complete it with criteria and exclusions,and ultimately achieve coordinated development of public and individual interest by implementing a democratic,scientific and transparent public interest identification procedure which guarantees the enforcement of law.


Ionizing radiation experiments on gated lateral bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) show a broadening in the peak base current profile after irradiation. The primary mechanism for this effect is identified as the change in the charge state of interface traps in the oxide over the base. Simulations and theoretical analysis not only describe the mechanism in detail, but also suggest possible solutions for extracting information from the shape of the profile. The effects of the interface-trap energy distribution are investigated, showing that traps between flatband and threshold contribute to the width of the base-current peak.


Movement of cargo through the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells occurs as a discontinuous process involving the activity of 50–80-nm vesicles ([28][1]). Vesicles forming on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the COPII coat machinery ([35][2]) were first detected as coated elevations on


ABSTRACT Waterfront redevelopment is one of the main categories of urban project in major cities since the 1980s. However, waterfronts are faced with issues of fragmented land ownership and a lack of integration with other central neighbourhoods. Using Montreal's waterfront as a case study, this paper shows how the governance framework of urban design may undermine their integration. The observation of user behaviour within public spaces offers a new perspective for the redesign of these links between neighbourhoods, and seeks to contribute to a vision of waterfront precincts beyond the limits imposed by administrative constraints.


The study on pond fish culture entrepreneurship was undertaken in Tripura through survey among 240 fish farmers. Seven attributes, viz. innovativeness, farm decision making, achievement motivation, knowledge of farming enterprises, risk taking ability, leadership ability and cosmopolitan nature were measured to study the overall entrepreneurial attribute of the fish farmers. Around 69% of the respondents have medium level of entrepreneurship and over 85% possess medium level of aspiration. Among the socio-economic and infrastructural factors that hinder entrepreneurship were lack of technical know-how on pond management, low level of education, social norms and beliefs, marketing and financial problems, poor transportation and storage facilities. The authors argue for creation of enabling infrastructure to promote entrepreneurship in pond fish culture.


Based upon the theories of postmodernism, contemporary art historians suspect, challenge and deconstruct some of masters Vasari, Winckelmann and Hegel, such as their ideas of continuous and single rationalism, and narrative prejudice. They take an unprejudiced, comprehensive and sober attitude to present postmodernism. The unitary and evolutionary narrative mode of art history has come to an end; instead the many-faceted and open narrative mode is gaining prevalence.


In the present paper we review the translocation network involving TET and ETS family members with special focus on the Ewing family of tumors. FUS (fusion, involved in t(12;16) in malignant liposarcoma = TLS, Translocated in liposarcoma), EWSR1 (Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1) and TAF15 (TATA box-binding protein-associated factor, 68-KD) are the three human members of the TET family of RNA binding proteins. In addition, two EWSR1 pseudogenes are present in the human genome. TET family members are involved in several oncogenic gene fusions. Five of the 18 known fusion partners belong to the E26 (E twenty-six, ETS) family of transcription factors. Gene fusions between TET or ETS family members and other fusion partners link these gene fusions to a large network of oncogenic gene rearrangements.


THE MOBILIZATION OF NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION (DRAGDOWN) ON DEEP FOUNDATIONS CAN BE SO LARGE THAT EITHER FAILURE OR EXCESSIVE DEFORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE FOUNDED THEREON CAN OCCUR. YET LITTLE INFORMATION REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE DRAGDOWN PHENOMENON IS KNOWN. SINCE FULL-SCALE TESTING OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE LARGE NUMBER OF VARIABLES INVOLVED IS ECONOMICALLY PROHIBITIVE, A SIMULATED LABORATORY EXPERIMENT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. RESULTS OF NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION DISTRIBUTION WITH INCREASING SOIL DEFORMATION CONFIRM THE VALIDITY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP. THE INFLUENCE OF PILE BATTER, PILE GROUP SPACING, SOIL-WATER CONTENT, AND PILE MATERIAL ON AVERAGE NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION IS INVESTIGATED. FROM THESE TEST SEQUENCES, GENERALIZED CONCLUSIONS ARE DRAWN. VARIOUS MEANS OF PREVENTING NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION FROM OCCURRING HAVE ALSO BEEN EXAMINED, AND THE USE OF ASPHALT COATINGS ON THE PILE IS SHOWN TO BE QUITE SUCCESSFUL. THE INFLUENCE OF ASPHALT COATING VISCOSITY AND THICKNESS ON AVERAGE NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION IS PRESENTED. THESE CURVES FORM THE BASIS FOR A DESIGN METHOD TO ELIMINATE THE MAJOR PORTION OF DRAGDOWN ON PILE FOUNDATIONS. /AUTHOR/


In recent decades, Acinetobacter baumannii has been recognized as a nosocomial pathogen most prevalent in summer, with broad clinical manifestations and multidrug resistance posing a global threat.1,2 We previously reported an outbreak of multidrugresistant A. baumannii (MDRAB) carrying oxacillinase(OXA)51like and ISAba1 genes.3 Therefore, we carried out screening tests in the critical care center (CCC) and intensified countermeasures against A. baumannii. Here we present the results of the drug susceptibilitybased infection control measures. We included all patients in our CCC from January 2012 to December 2019 and screened a sputum or throat swab using selective medium for Acinetobacter spp. to determine the presence of A. baumannii and their drug susceptibility. Starting in January 2016, a new measure was introduced to isolate all cases in a private room for 72 h until screening results were confirmed. When private rooms were not open, CCC admission was restricted. In addition to standard precautions, patients with MDRAB and extensively drugresistant A. baumannii (XDRAB) were managed by a dedicated team of physicians and nurses, and disposal of equipment following use or use of separate sets of mobile devices were implemented. Multidrugresistant AB is defined as resistance to at least three categories of antimicrobials and XDRAB is defined as MDR plus resistance to carbapenems.4 Data are presented as the mean and SEM of infected patients every 3 months, to observe the seasonal changes, and compared by Student's ttest. During active surveillance between January 2012 and December 2019, we identified 72 individuals with A. baumannii, including two ventilatorassociated pneumonia and one bacteremia. Figure 1 shows that the number of patients with A. baumannii significantly decreased from 3.13 ± 0.50/3 months to 1.38 ± 0.41/3 months after the medical staff implemented systematic infection control measures based on the drug susceptibility in January 2016 (p = 0.01). In addition, the numbers of MDRAB and XDRAB patients significantly decreased from 1.94 ± 0.38/3 months to 0.38 ± 0.26/3 months (p < 0.002). We contained the outbreak by screening all patients admitted to the CCC and by focusing on MDRAB and XDRAB. Acinetobacter baumannii can persist in the environment of respiratory and medical equipment for several days,5 so the drug susceptibilitybased isolation of the medical team and medical devices led to the end of the outbreak. However, the decrease in A. baumannii might be due not only to isolation measures based on drug susceptibility, but also years of education for healthcare workers, environmental cleanup, including temporary CCC closure, and repeated audits of handwashing by the infection control team. Therefore, drug susceptibilitybased infection control is one of the effective strategies because of limited medical resources, both financial and human.


Increased demand for fresh market crown-cut broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) has led to increased production along the eastern seaboard of the United States. Maximizing broccoli yields is a primary concern for quickly expanding eastern markets. Thus, a plant density study was carried out in Fall 2012 and 2013 using the hybrid cultivar Emerald Crown on a commercial farm in Summerton, SC, and in Fall 2013 using 'Emerald Crown' and another hybrid, 'Durapak 19', on a research farm in Charleston, SC. The objective was to determine the effect of variable within-row spacings of 4, 6, and 8 inches (using a system with double rows spaced 12-inches apart) on marketable yields and quality in the three environments. Our results indicated that increasing plant density by reducing within-row spacing to 4 inches significantly increased overall yield per hectare over the 6and 8-inch spacing treatments at two of three environments. Stem diameter and average headweight were unaffected by plant density; however, heads harvested from plots with the highest plant densities had significantly (P < 0.01) lower bead uniformity in the Summerton 2012 trial, and significantly (P < 0.05) larger bead size in the two trials conducted in 2013. In general, the highest total marketable yields were from the 4-inch within-row spacing, but increased competition at the highest density may increase the risk of plants producing heads with lower quality characteristics. With the increased risk of producing lower quality marketable heads along with the increased production costs associated with the 4-inch spacing, yield and head quality attributes may be optimized at the 6-inch within-row spacing.


Abstract : Ozonation and ultrafiltration (UF) studies were performed on various dyes to check their suitability as candidate tracer material for the various purification steps of recycled water. Ozonation experiments are described, as well as efforts directed to a feasibility study of dichromate oxidation in acid medium as a monitoring technique using a spectrophotometer to study the reaction between organic impurities in water and dichromate.


A vehicle-mounted communication device for transmitting uplink data as data generated in a vehicle comprises a first wireless communication unit configured to establish an uplink connection to a second vehicle-mounted communication device, a second wireless communication unit configured to establish a downlink connection to a third vehicle-mounted communication device, an authentication unit configured to authenticate the third vehicle-mounted communication device, an address management unit configured to assign a network address to the third vehicle-mounted communication device, and an address translation unit configured to perform translation of the network address assigned from the second vehicle-mounted communication device and the network address used by the vehicle-mounted communication device.


According to the pseudo static tests on a two-storey and single-span concrete frame made with recycled aggregates, the failure pattern, hysteresis loop curves, displacement ductility of the recycled aggregate concrete frame are investigated. The time histories of loads and displacements are decomposed to four different levels by using the wavelet packet transform. Based on the decomposition coefficients on the 4th level, a seismic damage index is developed and presented in this paper. The cumulative damage process of this recycled aggregate concrete frame under low reverse cyclic loading is also analyzed by using this damage index. The experiment results clearly indicate that recycled aggregate concrete frames have excellent seismic behaviors. The damage index given in this paper can accurately and effectively reflect the severity of damage for structures under different loading states.


The article contains the description of modern folk, religious, country and urban festivals of Belarus and detailed coverage of the International Festival of National Cultures.


ABSTRACT A case of Scedosporium apiospermum keratitis was successfully treated with oral voriconazole and penetrating keratoplasty. Voriconazole levels in the aqueous humor were 53% of the levels in plasma and exceeded the MIC for the isolate by sevenfold.


This is a study of the political prophecy in England in a period delimited by the accession of King James I (1603) and the end of the Interregnum (1660). It combines the analysis of hitherto obscure manuscript texts with that of printed works to provide a nuanced account of the uses and reception of prophecies in this period. Chapter One (which focuses on the first decade of James's reign) and Chapter Two (which covers the period 1613-19) approach the analysis of dramatic treatments of political prophecy through the study of prophecy both as a rhetorical buttress to the Jacobean state and as a protest genre. Attentive to the elite bias of the legal documents wherein allegedly oppositionist uses of prophecy are recorded, these chapters heed the counsel of historians who have found literary scholars insufficiently suspicious of the rhetoric of these materials. A focus on dramatic texts, neglected by the historians, reveals that Jacobean playgoers were encouraged to regard both official prophetic rhetoric and official rhetoric about prophecy with scepticism. Chapter Three considers how native and continental prophetic traditions were expanded and repurposed in England around the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, when belief in the purportedly inspired status of prophecies was rare but recognition of their utility as a vehicle for political discussion was nonetheless widespread. Chapter Four explores the adaptation and tendentious exposition of medieval, sixteenth-century, and Jacobean manuscript prophecies in printed propaganda for both the royalist and parliamentarian causes in the mid-seventeenth century. This study of literary and archival sources finds that previous scholarship has overestimated the extent of popular faith in the authenticity of allegedly ancient and inspired prophecies in the early Stuart period. The longevity of purported prophecies, it concludes, was ensured through the recognition, appreciation, and exploitation of their rhetorical affordances.


More than thirty years have passed since Warren published his remarkable dissertation on the enclitic net in early Latin (A.J.P., II [1881], 50-82). The completeness with which he justified the MS readings where these supported ne with demonstrative and personal pronouns in non-interrogative sentences still remains and will remain the admiration and despair of classical scholars. Such passages are Plaut. Curc. 139; Epid. 73, 541; Mil. 309, 565, 936; Ter. Ad. 770; And. 478; H.T. 950. Equally convincing to me is his discussion of ne in mocking responses, e.g. egone?: :tune, Capt. 857; see pp. 186-7, below. In the second part of his paper, pp. 76-82, Warren argued that the ne seen in these instances was an affirmative ne, distinct from the interrogative ne (which he considered as of negative origin). This thesis, which is quite independent of the acknowledged excellences of his contribution, is open to doubt, and, accordingly, I shall consider the claims of all the varied uses of the enclitic ne to be regarded as having sprung from a common ancestor-the negative ne.2 About ten years afterward Morris published his study of the sentence-question in Plautus and Terence (A.J.P., X, 397 f.; XI, 16 f., 145 f.), which of course included the use of ne in such questions.3 1 The vowel of ne will be marked only when long. 2 As a pupil of Warren, and one who, like all his pupils, has the greatest reverence for his depth and breadth and thoroughness of scholarship, as well as his soundness of judgment, I long believed almost religiously in his theory as a whole, and it was only after nearly completing my study of the exclamatory infinitive that I began to question a part of it: e.g. Ennius Trag. 46 R.: hoc dolet:J mene obesse, illos prodesse; me obstare, illos obsequi! Plaut. Pseud. 370-71: numquid aliud etiam uoltis dicere?:: ecquid te pudet? I :: ten amatorem esse inuentum inanem quasi cassam nucem! Warren disqualified these as exclamatory iinfinitives. I have shown elsewhere that psychologically, if not grammatically, a similar dependence holds for every exclamatory infinitive in Latin.


I made an overview of the history of Korean Association for Religious Studies(KARS) and tried to seek its future direction in this essay. And I defined the early history of KARS as "the period of KARS` establishment and beginning of research activities", the history of 1980s as "the period of KARS` leap and revitalization of research activities", 1990s as "the period of KARS` externalization and academic communication", 2000s as "the period of KARS` internalization and academic deepening". I recognized "establishment-leap-externalization-internalization" and "beginning-revitalization-communication-deepening" as the key words of the history of the KARS. While exterior statement of religious studies was highlighted at the stage of "externalization/communication", intensification of internal ability was focused at the stage of "internalization/deepening". It is interesting to imagine what will be the next after the stage of "internalization/deepening" concerning the future of KARS. I think that its capacity strengthened through the stage of "internalization" can evolve higher quality of "externalization" and improved critical mind will make communication solid. This prospect becomes significant considering the future direction of KARS.


Friction measurements were carried out for molecularly thin films of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) melt (Mw ≈ 80 000) as a function of the applied load (pressure) and sliding velocity using the surface forces apparatus. The PDMS films exhibit apparent layering transitions when the thicknesses of the films are decreased to the order of molecular dimensions. For four-layer and three-layer films, "solidlike" sliding is observed and the shear stresses are on the order of 105 Pa. Further compression and simultaneous lateral motion squeeze out the PDMS molecules to a final residual film two molecular layers in thickness, whose shear properties include "viscous" characters, and the shear stress increases abruptly by a factor of 6−8. This shear property change may arise from the different sliding mechanisms of "adsorbed" and "mobile" molecular layers. When thicknesses of the films are three layers and above, the first layers adjacent to mica substrates are strongly adsorbed onto substrate surfaces and immobile ...


The anode polarization curve of Fe-Ni alloy is determined,and the current density,anode voltage and other parameters is measured based on it.The non-metallic inclusions is isolated and extracted from the Fe-Ni alloy by electrolytic extraction method.The results show that the non-metallic inclusions can be analyzed more exactly by electrolytic extraction with suitable electrolyte,current density and other parameters.


A b stra c t. Ichneum oninae com m unities occurring in pine cu ltu res and canopies of pines (Pinus silvestris) are described in the consecutive stages of secondary succession of subcon tinen ta l {Peucedano-Pineturr) p ine forests in Puszcza Białowieska. The param eters analysed include species com position (136 species), s tru c tu re of dom inance as well a s indices of species diversity, species com position sim ilarity and dom inance s tru c tu re similarity. The following com m unities were iden ti fied: th e Ichneum oninae com m unity of the cu ltu re stage, w hich w as m arkedly d is tinc t from the o thers, a transitional-type com m unity of the young stand an d com m unities specific to older s tan d s , w here the com m unity's core (parasitoids of the Microlepidoptera of pine) becom es stabilized in the pole wood.


Shusterman fairly captures the intent of my target article when he describes it as a "picture of a deep and wide-ranging paradigm change that the natural and human sciences seem, gradually and with some reluctance, to be undergoing." As Shusterman writes, this change is, in turn, "away from a foundationalist, mechanical, atomistic, nondirectional objectivism [and] ... involves a more organic, relational, and developmental (or directional) perspective." With these central features of the target article, Shusterman has little difficulty. However, he goes on to argue that pragmatism, in contrast to the interpretationism suggested in the article, provides a most adequate philosophical context for bringing rational order to this paradigm change. The debate that Shusterman opens in his advocacy of pragmatism and in his critique of interpretationism is, in effect, the same debate that many psychologists are aware of as the debate between those who advocate a contextualist worldview and those who advocate an organismic worldview (Overton, 1984, 1991b, 1991c) as the rational frame within which inquiry can most adequately proceed. In contemporary American philosophy, the same form of the debate is evident in the pragmatist argument of Richard Rorty (1993), who eschews universals and understands traditional epistemological and metaphysical concerns as beyond recovery, and of Hilary Putnam (1990), who argues the value of idealized conceptual schemes as a necessary feature of understanding. The debate is also central to the stance that post-modernism has taken in opposition to modernism and the stance that skeptical, post-modem thought has taken in opposition to affirmative postmodern thought, as described in my article. It is, of course, impossible in any sense to fully enter into this debate in these few pages. However, a few points should be made. As prologue, it has to be clearly understood that there are vocabulary issues that often play a central, if confusing, role in the debate. Several terms that seem on first blush to define a point of view turn out on further examination to enter into both sides of the debate. Pragmatism, like realism, and other such central concepts draw their meaning from the interpretative whole or system of which they become a part. Thus, both Rorty and Putnam call themselves pragmatist, but Rorty's pragmatism is committed to an underlying nominalism and physicalism, whereas Putnam's evokes an idealized normative structure. Given this vocabulary problem, in a sense a part of my answer to Shusterman's critique is that I can indeed reasonably accept a pragmatist approach, and, in fact, I have done so in the past (e.g., Overton, 1991d; Overton & Reese, 1981). However, on analysis, it appears that Shusterman's Dewey-oriented pragmatism is closer to Rorty's and that the pragmatism I would advocate is closer to Putnam's. The variety of pragmatism that I would advocate might be called an interpretative pragmatism on the analogue to Putnam's internalpragmatism. It is a pragmatism in which reason cannot be naturalized, as both Shusterman and Rorty would naturalize reason. In a related fashion, I suggested in the past (Overton, 1984) that the position I describe could be termed contextualism as long as it is recognized as being framed by the categories of organismic contextualism rather than the categories of mechanistic contextualism. This latter point also speaks to Beilin's mistaken impression that I do not consider contextualism. Indeed, I have on several occasions discussed contextualism, and much of it I find appealing. However, for reasons that I have already discussed (see, especially, Overton 1984, 1991 c)-in particular, contextualism' s dispersive rather than integrative dialectical position-I believe that contextualism functions best as a conceptual scheme when it is aligned with organismic categories. On the other hand, I should also note that my organicism, although being a sort of Hegelian approach, is the specific sort that eschews the "absolute" of Hegel's system. Central to the debate as framed by Shusterman and to all other forms of the debate is the question of whether concepts such as "system," "organization," "integration," "pattern," "form," "metatheory," "conceptual scheme," the "normative," the "idealized," "synthesis," and "reason" are to enter the arena of inquiry as equal partners with concepts such as "frag-


In November 2011, Zahra and Wright published a very thought-provoking article aimed at discussing the state of the art associated with the entrepreneurship research domain. The main idea behind that article was that, although tremendously growing, entrepreneurship still lacks strong theoretical micro- foundations. Thus, this gap negatively affects the increasing efforts aimed at considering entrepreneurship itself as a per se discipline within the management literature. This research note seeks at contributing to fill this gap through explaining how the decision making literature can be useful to develop these micro-foundations. In particular, the research note uses the concepts of hidden traps and heuristics in decision making for the interpreting of that organizational behavior widely known as path dependence. It is known that, despite the latest relevant attempts, path dependence can be considered, for many aspects, as a black box to date. Opening this black box can represent an important opportunity for the research and practice of management widely. At the same time, this opportunity appears as greatly relevant also for the research and practice of entrepreneurship specifically, in that it can help both scholars and practitioners to orient, towards higher rationality, a number of entrepreneurial decision making processes mostly associated with the earliest stages of the organizational life cycle.


This paper draws on data gathered for a qualitative study exploring recurrent poverty in Teesside, North East England, funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation 1 . Using an holistic approach to the investigation of recurrent poverty, this study situates the labour market experiences of persons experiencing recurrent poverty within a broader understanding of their lives, thus allowing a wider set of factors to be considered, for example health, education and skills. Detailed, biographical interviews with 60 men and women (aged 30-55 years) who had experienced recurrent poverty provided the basis for this discussion. The association between social class, poverty and ill health is widely recognised; therefore, although health was not the primary focus of the study, health narratives emerged as an integral element of people's employment trajectories and experiences. This paper reflects upon how the researcher-researched relationship can take on various guises and reflexively asks how this impacts upon the research process, from generating a sample to data collection. Employing the theoretical framing of Goffman's dramaturgical perspective first explored in his seminal work 'The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life' (1959) it is argued that in carrying out qualitative health research, the researcher and research participants each enact roles in a 'performance' that is inherent throughout the research process from sampling to data collection and beyond. This paper concludes 1 AUTHOR NOTE: The author would like to stress that the data this paper is based on is drawn from a project the author has worked on as a research assistant with a team of colleagues. The team will be publishing further, related papers about the research in the future. Sincere thanks go to Dr Tracy Shildrick, Professor Robert MacDonald (Teesside University) and Dr Colin Webster (Leeds Metropolitan University) for their co-operation and support in encouraging the sole authorship of this article.


Dear Sir, We read the article entitled "Endovascular Revascularization for Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia: Impact on Wound Healing and Long Term Clinical Results in 189 Limbs" by Bae et al. (1), as published in Korean J Radiol (2013;14:430-438), with a great interest. This article may provide a useful guide for radiologists. In the paper, authors made a retrospective study on 189 limbs with critical limb ischemia, which were treated with endovascular revascularization between 2008 and 2010. Analysis was made using the Kaplan-Meier method. In our clinical


A student from the Texas School for the Deaf interviews a deaf man who participated in NASA motion sickness experiments.


The all-reflective SHS provides wide-field, high-resolution, high-etendue remote sensing over a range of wavelengths extending into the ultra-violet. This presentation describes the basic design for the reflective SHS and both narrow and broadband applications under development.