A workshop was convened February 6 and 7, 1995, to identi~ the needs of users and specifiers of fire detection systems which are not currently being met by the U.S. fire protection industry; to highlight future needs which may result from new developments in the construction, transportation, and manufacturing sectors, or from regulato~ changes; to identi~ generic, technological barriers which may limit the U.S fire protection industry from filly meeting the users' needs; and tc) develop a research agenda and recommend priorities to enable U.S. industry to overcome these technological barriers. A series of experts fi-omindustry, government, certifying organizations and academia were invited to review the various applications for fire detection systems and to discuss recent developments that could impact the fiture of the industry. The speakers were divided into focused panels of users rmd specifiers, systems and components manufacturers, regulators and certifiers, and researchers. Small working groups were convened after the panel discussions to identifi critical research issues, concentrating on sensors, signal processing, systems integration and regulations. The ultimate goals of a comprehensive and integrated research program were identified and include a lower ratio of false-positive-to-actual-fire indications, prefire warning for protection of high value operations, more fool-proof installation and maintenance methods, component compatibility for system upgrade, a wider range of fires detectable, reliable detection of noxious fire precursors, faster and more precise response of fire detection systems customized to particular processes, earlier warning in connection with halon-ahernative suppression systems, situation monitoring following automatic suppression, means to evaluate system trade-offs with the advent of performance-based standards, combination gas sensors for fire/environmental monitoring, and the capability for partial integration of fire detection with other building control fimctions. Technological barriers which might inhibit attainment of these goals and a research plan to enable the barriers to be breached are discussed.


The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the meanings of the Korean temporal expressions ponayta 'spend' and cinayta 'stay'in a cognitive-linguistic way. The word ponayta originally means the spatial transmission of an object. This meaning is extended into the temporal meaning in terms of the work of metaphor. In this process, ponayta is combined mainly with those temporal nouns that have the features [+eventiveness] and [+segmentation]. Cinayta also is related to expressions of movement in a spatial sense. Cinayta is the causative form of the verb cinata 'pass.' Nouns combined with cinata in its spatial concept has the semantic features of [+mobility] and [+progressiveness]. This has been transformed into the causative form cinayta, which in turn has been realized as a temporal expression through the working of metaphor. Though both ponayta and cinayta have come to be used for temporal expression due to such working of metaphor, language users' cognitive differences are reflected between them. Ponayta eventualizes time in relation with the work of human memory. However, with cinayta, time's own properties including its length and continuity come to the surface.


Based on the analysis of the integral solution structure of indeterminate equation of the first degree,the correspondent solver program was written by use of Mathematica software.While analyzing algorithm,firstly the integral solution structure of dualistic simple indeterminate equation was put under discussion in combination of the throught of continued fraction;Then,the conclusion was popularized to handle linear indefinite equation of n unknowns;and finally through specific examples,the program feasibility was verified.


Depression is a complicated emotional psychosis with various mental and somatic symptoms. Depression remains the emotional disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Although its clinical behaviors are different,there is an identical cause,is motional disturbance. The dysfunction of qi activity is the essential pathogenesis. which lead to a disorder of organs' function,give rise to a serial depression symptoms. There were may descriptions of syndromes and symptoms relevant of similar to depression in the ancient medical books. Depression-related illnesses in TCM can be found unevenly,They are depressed syndrome,depressed psychosis,globus hysteritis,lily disease and hysteria etc. From the aspects of the reason,characteristics and recuperation,to discusses the plentiful thought and content of psychology in TCM.


Investigations of the formation of young stellar objects (YSOs) and planets require the detailed analysis of individual sources as well as statistical analysis of a larger number of objects. The Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) project provides such a unique opportunity by establishing a UV spectroscopic library of young highand low-mass stars in the local universe. Here we analyse optical photometry of the three ULLYSES targets (TXOri, V505Ori, V510Ori) and other YSOs in the σOri cluster taken at the time of the HST observations to provide a reference for those spectra. We identify three populations of YSOs along the line of sight to σOri, separated in parallax and proper motion space. The ULLYSES targets show typical YSO behaviour with pronounced variability and mass accretion rates of the order of 10−8M /yr. Optical colours do not agree with standard interstellar reddening and suggest a significant contribution of scattered light. They are also amongst the most variable and strongest accretors in the cluster. V505Ori shows variability with a seven day period, indicating an inner disk warp at the co-rotation radius. Uncovering the exact nature of the ULLYSES targets will require improved detailed modelling of the HST spectra in the context of the available photometry, including scattered light contributions as well as non-standard reddening.


Ancient salt deposits preserve a record of highly specific environmental, climatic and biological conditions, including past surface water chemistry and water depths, local air temperatures, atmospheric composition and halophilic microorganisms. This paper presents the first sedimentological study of the mid‐Late Permian Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation of Northern Ireland. This formation is dominated by bedded halite, contains some siliciclastic mudstone and bedded anhydrite, and is cross‐cut by intrusive igneous rocks. The bedded halite lithology contains bottom‐growth chevron and cornet crystals, efflorescent crusts and dissolution pipes, which are evidence of a saline surface brine that underwent periods of evapoconcentration, desiccation and flooding. The mudstone lithology contains dewatering structures, intraclasts and mudcracks, which indicate flooding and desiccation in dry mudflats. Bedded anhydrite was deposited as beds of gypsum cumulate crystals in saline surface waters. The Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation was formed by saline lakes with associated mudflats, based on sedimentary characteristics and supported by mineralogical, geochemical and stratigraphic context. Diagenetic features reflect dissolution and cementation at the surface and shallow subsurface in the depositional environment and limited late‐stage alterations. Syndepositional dissolution pipes in bedded halite were formed by flooding events. Early halite cement is present in dissolution pipes and mudstones. Gypsum/anhydrite repeatedly dehydrated and rehydrated to form an interlocking crystal mosaic. Later features include fluid migration and the intrusion of mafic rocks. The Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation was deposited by an ephemeral saline lake and dry mudflat system in an arid climate. This study, when compared to age‐equivalent continental deposits elsewhere, suggests that arid settings with saline lakes existed across much of Pangea during the Permo‐Triassic. The Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation stratigraphically underlies the extremely low pH saline lakes of the Mercia Mudstone Group, implying that it aids in understanding the formation of Pangean acid brine lakes.


Recent studies have shown that dynamic contrast-enhanced pulmonary MR imaging (DCE-pMRI) is a very appropriate imaging technique for the clinical assessment of lung diseases. For the quantitative analysis of pulmonary blood flow (PBF), pulmonary blood volume (PBV), and mean transit time (MTT) an arterial input function (AIF) of the contrast agent entering the lung is required. The AIF is usually calculated from a user-drawn region-of-interest (ROI) within the feeding artery. Thus, the results of the quantitative analysis highly depend on the exact location and the size of the ROI and the reproducibility of the analysis is limited. This work presents a fully-automatic method to determine the AIF within the branching of the pulmonary trunk into left and right pulmonary artery.


Letter from H. B. English to A. H. Pierce regarding business. Shows format 1 with open side vignette and open straight lettering. Vignette shows line drawing of cowboy on horseback lassoing a bull. Vignette is on the right side, which is unusual. Lettering is simple with minimal ornament.


2003). Although initially the genre was confined to only letters inserted in a novel, with advances in communication technology, epistolary creative writing has developed to include different types of electronic communication texts, such as e-mails, blogs and text messages as Richard Davies writes (http://www.abebooks.com/books/letters-diaries). These electronic communications are not only confined to novels, but they can also be seen in written plays and poetry. They are contemporary modes of communication that portray societal challenges in artistic forms. Although these modes of electronic media show the trends of artistic writings over different periods, more research is needed to find out their appearance onto the main stream literary genres. Since this has not happened, a letter remain the main inserted element into other works especially novels and plays.


The Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service (CMEMS) is a unique capability to provide daily state-of-the-art ocean analyses and forecasts. In the event of accidental marine pollution incidents, those products can help predict where slicks of pollutant and other substances spilled at sea will drift. For a given area, several products are generally available and it is sometimes difficult to know which is the most suitable for this type of use. The use of several CMEMS products during a major accident in the Bay of Biscay is presented here.

On March 12, 2019, the merchant ship Grande America sank at a depth of 4600 m, 350 km off the French coast, in the Bay of Biscay. It caused a spill of bunker oil and loss of containers. The MOTHY drift model was used daily during the aerial surveillance and recovery at sea period. It provided drift forecasts for oil slicks and containers up to 3 days in deterministic mode and up to 10 days in probabilistic mode. Long-term modelling of residual diffused pollution was also carried out, in particular to manage continuous leakage from the wreck. A technical committee of experts met daily to evaluate drift observations and forecasts. It focused on the best choices of available ocean models.

The operational ocean analysis and forecasting systems IBI (Iberian Biscay Irish) at 1/36 degree and Global Mercator at 1/12 degree were used. They led to significant differences in drift predictions, and only one of the two systems was retained after a few days of use. These differences are analysed in the light of available observations.

Drift forecasts did not indicate any oil arrival to the coast. This allowed the authorities to organize the response at sea without mobilizing resources ashore. No pollution was indeed observed on the coasts.


The Tazhong low uplift is one of the areas which are abundant in oil and gas resources in the Tarim Basin, and oil and gas shows of different levels have been also found in the margin of the Tazhong No.1 slope-break zone, which has got high commercial hydrocarbon flow within the Lianglitage Formation in the Upper Ordovician, and low commercial hydrocarbon flow within the Yingshan Formation in the Lower Ordovician. Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation process of TZ86—TZ45 area in the margin of the Tazhong No.1 slope-break zone was discussed through source rock correlation, oil and gas property, formation water property, inclusion homogenization temperature, et al. It is considered that there are three hydrocarbon filling periods for Ordovician, that is Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian and Yanshanian—Himalayan epoch. Oil and gas are from Cambrian—Lower Ordovician source rocks in the Late Caledonian period, and Middle—Upper Ordovician source rocks in Late Hercynian period. Both periods of oil and gas are from the direction of the TZ88 well through carbonate reservoir; Hydrocarbons for Yanshanian—Himalayan epoch are mainly natural gas which is of complex origin. In addition, the main controlling factors for this hydrocarbon-enriched area include multiple hydrocarbon source rocks and hydrocarbon filling periods, high quality carbonate karst reservoirs and the coupling relationship among reservoir-forming factors.


The scale of this forced labor produces one of many understated revelations of Newell's book. A powerful recent strain of historiography argues that New England was a hybrid, biracial society (albeit a highly unstable one) before King Philip's War, which created a firm racially-defined frontier. Newell shows that, if anything, New England was more racially mixed, on a more intimate level, after the war than it had been before. But what was the status of these Indian laborers—and the hundreds of imported Native slaves who entered the region at the turn of the eighteenth century, along with thousands of Africans, and the children of marriages among all of these groups? Famously, Massachusetts Bay was the first English colony to pass a law concerning slavery. The 1641 "Body of Liberties"—passed in the wake of the Pequot War—states that "There shall never be any bond slaverie, villinage or Captivitie amongst us unles it be lawfull Captives taken in just warres, and such strangers as willingly selle themselves or are sold to us" (p. 53). Newell notes that Massachusetts and the other New England colonies never followed up with the kind of explicit legal definitions of racialized slavery, and its heritability through the female line, that other English colonies passed in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. This was, Newell implies, no accident. While legal muddiness occasionally allowed an enslaved Indian to sue successfully for freedom and permitted colonists to assuage their consciences, it more often freed New Englanders to go about their business of exploiting Native American labor.


SUMMARY A new algorithm and architecture to eliminate redundant operations in block-matching (BM) motion estimation is proposed. The key step of this work is to use binary-matching to define image regions with the static background content and then exclude these regions from the actual motion estimation. According to experiments, the approach maintains the highest PSNR, while making as half as less computations in comparison to the adaptive BM or 1/8 of the computations required by the full-search


MISHCHENKO, YURIY. Applications of Canonical Transformations and Nontrivial Vacuum Solutions to flavor mixing and critical phenomena in Quantum Field Theory. (Under the direction of Chueng-Ryong Ji.) In this dissertation we consider two recent applications of Bogoliubov Transformation to the phenomenology of quantum mixing and the theory of critical phenomena. In recent years quantum mixing got in the focus of the searches for New Physics due to its unparalleled sensitivity to SM parameters and indications of neutrino mixing. It was recently suggested that Bogoliubov Transformation may be important in proper definition of the flavor states that otherwise results in problems in perturbative treatment. As first part of this dissertation we investigate this conjecture and develop a complete formulation of such a mixing field theory involving introduction of general formalism, analysis of space-time conversion and phenomenological implications. As second part of this dissertati


uel cells are powerful systems for power generation. They have a good efficiency and do not enerate greenhouse gases. This technology involves a lot of scientific fields, which leads to he appearance of strongly inter dependent parameters. This makes the system particularly ard to control and increases fault's occurrence frequency. These two issues call for the ecessity to maintain the system performance at the expected level, even in faulty operating ult tolerant control" (FTC). The present paper aims to give the state to two uire tima quir onditions. It is called "fa f the art of FTC applied pproach is composed of olation of a fault; it req ontrol part allows an op itigate the fault; it re itigation strategies. * Corresponding author. LE2P, EA 4079, University Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint-Denis, France. E-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com (E. D st.fr (N.Y. Steiner), firstname.lastname@example.com (M (M.-C. P era), email@example.com (B.G. P e the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The FTC parts. First, a diagnosis part allows the identification and the s a good a priori knowledge of all the possible faults. Then, a l control strategy to find the best operating point to recover/ es the knowledge of the degradation phenomena and their


Temperature sensitive optical parameters of white light emitting diode(LED) are important for measuring the junction temperature. In this paper, we conducted a comparative experimental study on the measuring accuracy of temperature sensitive optical parameters of LED, which Included: the Peak-Wavelength,the Luminous-Flux, and the Ratio R=B/W in different environment temperature and driving current conditions.The results showed that, 1)Under the condition of a constant ambient temperature of 30℃ and drive current100-700 m A, the Peak-Wavelength method and ratio R=B/W method both had a high accuracy in measuring LED junction temperature, with the comparative error less than 3.9%; while the Luminous-Flux-method is 6.3%; 2)Under the condition of a constant drive current 700 m A, with the ambient temperature changed from25 to 75℃,the optical parameters measured by all these three methods have good linear relationship with the LED junction temperature, the comparative error is less than 3.25%.


The aliasing of the speckle noise and echo information of sea SAR blurs the structure character of sea SAR image. It is difficult that to enhance structure character of sea SAR image. Aiming at this difficulty, we propose a amalgamation frame based on EMD and exponent. The frame can effectively filter the speckle noise and enhance the structure character which finally can be seen by people's eyes. Using the different frequency character of each level, the content of each level noise and non-noise are analyzed and exponent of each level is adjusted. And the speckle noise of simple SAR image in different scale is filtered. At last, we obtain the new denoised SAR image. The experiment result indicates that speckle noise of our result is substantially decreased and the structure character and texture of the result is clearer. And ours eyes can distinguish the character of sea SAR image. So that it proves that our filtering algorithm is effective to filter the speckle noise of sea SAR image.


actualities of cole transplanting and harvesting mechanization are narrated in this paper. The author put forward combine harvest is adapted to the situation of China by comparing two harvest manners.


This paper presents a shunt single-phase active filter controlled by the TMS320F240 DSP, programmed in assembler language, providing a very quick action from the control system in the power system. As the most part of the control is implemented in software, the hardware becomes very cheap and small in the control system. This work has the objective to improve the quality of the energy in low power loads (commercial and residential use) with a low cost, allowing the quality of the energy not only in industrial places, but in every place which has harmonic distortion.


Abstract In the context of the development tendency of artificial intelligence, the paper describes the opportunities and challenges artificial intelligence brings to business English talent training, innovates and reforms innovative business negotiation talent training methods, and develops independent innovation according to the future development trend of artificial intelligence. The paper discusses the practical activities of training business English talents using artificial intelligence. It mainly focuses on the indicators of building the entity model of business English talents training through artificial intelligence technical RBF ne ural network, grasping the genetic algorithm from four aspects such as the number of gender chromosomes, integral function formula calculation, genetic algorithm, RBF neural network parameters to optimize the entity model and genetic algorithm, and optimizing the limitation of RBF neural network according to the genetic algorithm. The RBF neural network entity model with the genetic algorithm is used to implement detailed analysis and scientific research exploration of the business English talent training evaluation system. The database deviation index and precision index values under the two entity models were implemented for comparison operation. The experimental results show that under the deviation index, the RBF neural network entity model, according to the genetic algorithm, converges quickly and longer than the RBF entity model. Regarding the precision index, the genetic algorithm RBF neural network has a higher precision than 0.94 for every 60 teams, while the RBF model has a precision of 0.84. This research allows for a more accurate analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of school students in business English. Teachers need to improve their academic performance and quality based on their strengths and weaknesses to facilitate the shaping of more excellent business English talents for China. It is important to explore the way of training business English talents under artificial intelligence to accelerate the innovative development of English education and training in China and the trend of English development.


Xu Y u ( 1908-1980 ) who had written numerous works on novel, poetry, prose, drama, commentary and translation, actually was an all-around writer. His novels especially are noted for those entertaining fantastic love stories which contains greater literary imagination. . In 1939,"Guei Lian "was published in the "Yu Zhou Feng" brought Xu Yu to the literary arena. In 1943, his most famous novel "Feng Xiao Xiao" which was serialized in the "Swept news" became the best seller that year. In this period, most of his novels with rhetorical devices and exotic glamour reached their peak of popularity. Xu's writing career could be divided into two parts .In 1950, Xu who called himself as an "metropolitian writer" left China to Hong-kong. Even he felt that the circumstance was not so comfortable, he continued writing. A lot of novels including "Niao Yu", "Lu Huo", "Bi An", "Mang Lian ", "Jiang Hu Xing", "Shi yu Guang" were produced then. Besides the vivid characteriziation and the narratinve skill in those novels, he stressed romantic attachment in the realistic settings, also religious nature could be observed. Dissussing the various features of Yu's two novels "Guei Lian "and" Mang Lian" with using the thories of Russian Formalism (Motivation theory by Boris Tomashevski and Morophology by Vladmir Propp) ,this article intends to describe a free spirit of the follower of Liberalism who kept writing in his whole life.


In this editorial, we address the urgent need to rapidly expand hospital and ICU capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks. As a remedy to this problem currently plaguing many US municipalities, we discuss states' Emergency Takings Power, an alternative to eminent domain proceedings that allows the immediate commandeering of vacant hospitals without exorbitant costs or the need to litigate fair market price up front. We briefly describe the legal basis for emergency takings power and how states can empower local municipalities to act on that power during public health emergencies.


Early detection of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STHs) infection in laboratory medical facilities is one of the government's efforts in its elimination. Government regulations recommend Kato-Katz's quantitative method forthe diagnosis of STHs infection. Kato-Katz's domestic product is not availableyet. This research aims to create a laboratory-scale modified Kato-Katz kit for early detection of STHsinfection by fecal egg counts (FECs) in estimating the number of eggs per gram of stool (EPG).An experimental study was conducted to create a resin template, spatulas, and 3M-adhesive tape as a modified Kato-Katz Kit. 120 Kato-Katz thick smear preparations were done from 30 samples for modified and standard Kato-Katz with duplication. The amount of stool for each was weighed. All Kato-Katz thick smear microscopic examination was done at least 60 minutes by identifying the STHs eggs and counting them.The result for both methods showed no differences in EPG for Trichuris trichiura eggs p-value=0.012 (p<0.05), meanwhile the differences for Ascaris lumbricoides eggs p-value=0.156, and Hookworm eggs p-value=0.102 (p>0.05). Under microscopic examination, some A.lumbricoides eggs morphology was not visible because the adhesive in modified Kato-Katz blurry it, and the Hookworm fragile eggshells made it disappear within less than 60 minutes.The study concluded no difference in EPG for T.trichiura eggs by FECs betweenmodified Kato-Katzas this study product with the standard. It is recommended to improve modified Kato-Katz in further study, especially the adhesive tape, before using it as a quantitative toolforearly detection of STHs infection.


The object of this article is to present a composite engineering view of one of the world's oldest industries, for the purpose of directing the attention of the electrical engineer toward some of the more urgent requirements of this industry, which, being primarily electrical, he in particular is peculiarly able to furnish. The article outlines engineering principles applied in the art of leather making, while views, taken in modern tanneries, show typical manufacturing processes in the two main divisions of the industry. To facilitate visualizing engineering progress in the art, a brief description of manufacturing processes is included as a feature of the treatise. Some recent developments, in the form of mechanical-electrical units, now coming into use, are also illustrated and described; while the article concludes with a table of motor horse power requirements for the individual machine operations performed in making leather. The authors acknowledge having been assisted in preparing the manuscript with statistics and photographs made available through the courtesy of Tanners Council, New York City, General Electric Company, and the First National Bank of Boston, Mass.


AC-driven electrothermal flow is used to enhance the chaotic mixing through vortex flow in micro-fluidic systems by nearly an order of magnitude. Diffusion of heat and momentum can be increased because of the electrothermal force acting on the fluid through the applied AC electric field. Numerical simulation of vortex-assisted mixing in circular microchannel flow is investigated by solving a set of governing partial differential equations with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software


Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a kind of serious mental disorder that occurs after severe traumatic events. It is characterized by severe emotional and memory damage. This paper reviews the relevant research literature on PTSD at home and abroad in recent years, and reviews the mechanism of cognitive impairment in mental trauma to reveal the functional mechanism of cognitive impairment in post-traumatic stress disorder, in order to provide reference for future research.


These case studies were conducted to identify the types of fraud that exist in Malaysian Federal Statutory Bodies. Two organizations from the public sector were selected for this exercise to gain some insights on the types of fraud that occurred and actions taken to prevent the reoccurrence of fraud. The findings of these six cases would be of interest to organizations in the public and private sectors. Fraud will happen if there is a slack in the monitoring as well as weakness in the internal control system.


To implement a pressure transducer for avionic systems, the use of an integrated optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer in glass was considered. A previous study of planar waveguides and the experimental characterization of channel waveguides helped define the fabrication process and select the type of glass substrates to be used. Opto-mechanical stress analysis was used to predict the effect of pressure on waveguides. Phase sensitivity is found to be adjustable with variations in the loading configuration, waveguide path and mode polarization. The behavior of straight channel waveguides under stress was then verified experimentally. A near-zero-phase-imbalance interferometer operating at a wavelength of 810 nm was designed, fabricated and tested. Its intensity modulation response to pressure is stable with good contrast. But in order to directly access the phase modulation information, an imbalanced interferometer was designed for interconnection to a frequency-modulated laser source. Accurate pressure measurement, insensitive to spurious intensity fluctuations, could thus be performed.


Abstract Background: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guidelines advise closure of 7-mm or larger lateral ports and 10-mm or larger midline ports. Herniation through 5-mm port sites has been shown, particularly when drains have been left in situ, and this case demonstrates the serious risk of bowel strangulation. Case: A 41-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic myomectomy for a 15-cm pedunculated fibroid. Four ports, 2×10–mm and 2×5–mm ENDOPATH® XCEL® Bladeless trocars were used for access and 1:20 vasopressin was used for hemostasis. The fibroid was then morcelated with a PKS™ PlasmaSORD™ Bipolar Morcellator. The rectus sheath for the 10-mm umbilical and right lateral ports were closed with Vicryl,™ using a J needle, and the skin was closed with MONOCRYL.™ The surgical time was 194 minutes, and surgery was complicated by recurrent reinsertion of a trocar because of the patient's high body mass index. No drains were used and the patient was discharged 2 days later. She was readmitted to t...


The Common Test Station (CTS) is a standard family of automated test equipment (ATE) which meets the defense industry's need for a common munitions tester at the all-up-round (AUR) and guidance section levels. Development of the CTS is complicated because the first two CTSs serve both as a development platform and the first production units. This requires that the conceptual design incorporate all contractual requirements across a broad spectrum of engineering disciplines. Integration and test of the first two units must be performed without the usual benefit of knowledge gained from an engineering development program. Integrated Product Development (IPD) is the method utilized by the AMRAAM Joint Services Depot (AJSD) Program to achieve this goal. IPD employs multi-disciplined Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) to blend the engineering expertise needed to ensure that all design requirements of the CTS are successfully implemented.


Neurological and psychological effects of oral contraceptives are di scussed. These include nausea breast tension dizziness headache moo diness fatigue depression premenstrual syndrome sleeplessness nervo usness decreased and increased libido. These side effects appear to be related not only to the medication but also to factors such as information on possible side effects cost and the attitudes of the prescribing physician. The hormonal mechanisms of action underlying these side effects are discussed. In general there are not psychiatric or neurological contraindications to oral contraception. The above-mentioned side effects are generally not serious and tend to disappear if treatment is continued.


This paper presents an intelligent conceptual design framework for the configuration selection of aerial vehicles. In this approach, the quantitative data is brought to the earliest stage of design utilizing AI-driven analysis models and it allows to choose the most suitable one among the possible configurations. Thanks to the design optimization cycle, the initial dimensions of the main components such as the wing, tail and fuselage are more accurately provided for later design activities. At the same time, the generated structure provides a more appropriate design point selection thanks to the feedback loop in design iteration. Thus, while reducing the design cost, a significant time advantage is also provided in the design process. The paper presents a generic use case based on a high-performance combat UAV design study to demonstrate the abilities of the proposed model.


The scientific article is devoted to the coverage of the administrative procedure for providing electronic services by the State Architectural and Construction Inspectorate of Ukraine. Different approaches to the concept of administrative procedure in terms of e-services provision are discussed. The stages of the procedure of providing electronic service in the form of submission of a declaration (notification) by individuals are characterized.
It is established that before commencing the process of submission of the declaration (message), the service consumer must have a personal key and a valid enhanced certificate, which will be used during the submission process to affix an electronic digital signature to the form with the declaration (message). You can obtain enhanced key certificates at an accredited key certification center. Thus, at the moment the service supports certificates issued by the certification center of the information and reference department of the Ministry of Revenue and Collections of Ukraine. Install a Java computing software package on your computer and enable JavaScript scripts to run in your browser.
Please note that detailed Java installation instructions are available at http://java.com/download/installed.jsp. You can download Java directly for Windows from http://www.java.com/download/windows_xpi.jsp. How to enable JavaScript scripts in your browser (http://www.enable-javascript.com/en/).
It is concluded that the procedure of providing the service in electronic form, for example, the submission of a declaration (notification) by the state architectural and construction inspection of Ukraine is regulated in detail on the official website and still needs to improve the quality of the provision of these services in the form of simplification and accessibility for all consumers services.


The Chinese government is focusing on globalizing various Chinese traditional cultural heritages. "The road to Sichuan" is where the UNESCO World Heritage listing is planned in accordance with China's globalization strategy. At this point, 「 The road to Sichuan is difficult」, the poem by Lee Baek, which recites the difficulty of getting to the touch, attracts more attention. In this poem, CanCong mentioned as the founder of Sichuan nation, is a mythical figure who formed a culture of silkworms in Sichuan nation. As the remains of Sanxingdui, which were unearthed in 1986 in Sichuan shěng Gwang han shi, are reportedly related to Sichuan nation culture and CanCong, the country's founder. CanCong is drawing more attention as a more appropriate theme for the move to make the mythical figure a real history. Many myths in China are related to our country's myths. In particular, sericulture caused by CanCong is deeply related to our Shilla kingdom. Taking the view that these figures are rarely studied in our country, I analyzed CanCong myths in relation to the Chinese sericulture, starting with the Chinese Mythology viewl, and finally looked at the Korean and Chinese literati's perception about CanCong. CanCong's Sichuan nation, which had developed sericulture, might have been an important area that opened the Silk Road between East and West. And those sericulture and the Silk Road are very closely related to our culture. This is why future research should pay attention to Korean culture linked to CanCong.


This paper focuses on precise vehicle localization and tracking in a race track, where centimeter-level accuracy is required for enabling advanced driving control functionalities such as in the context of autonomous vehicle racing. While global navigation satellite system (GNSS), augmented with real-time kinematic (RTK), is currently the most popular technology, we here propose the use of an Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) wireless network covering the road area to provide real-time accurate vehicle localization. This is motivated by the need to overcome the GNSS-RTK unavailability or outages with a complementary (or alternative) and reliable technology. To show the potential of network localization with large bandwidth and multi-antenna wireless systems, an UWB localization architecture based on commercial off-the-shelf devices is deployed in a race track scenario and used to collect raw location-related measurements. An Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is then applied to the time difference (TDoA) and angle of arrival (AoA) measurements collected by the UWB system, using an interactive multiple model (IMM) for modeling and tracking the vehicle along the track. The achieved results show that the position mismatch between the designed UKF+IMM positioning system and the GNSS-RTK solution is mostly below 30 cm, thus proving the potentialities of wideband smart road networks for vehicle positioning.


HARETICK is a hard real-time compact operating kernel designed specifically to support critical applications on DSP and embedded platforms including intelligent sensor networks and robotic environments. It provides operating support for both hard real-time and soft/non real-time tasks. The hard real-time task execution context is based on non-preemptive mechanisms. This paper focuses on the inter-task communication and synchronization techniques involving the two types of tasks previously mentioned. As a case study, a highly predictable synchronous serial communication (i.e., SPI) interface implemented on an ARM7-based HARETICK platform, is presented and discussed, along with some of the most interesting experimental results.


INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW More than a century of systematic analysis regarding citizens and democratic politics has produced a continuing tension that centers on what has sometimes been called the "micro–macro divide" (Eulau 1963, 1986). Quite simply, should our understanding of electoral politics be focused on aggregates or individuals – on the properties, performance, and behaviors of aggregated electorates or on the choices, capacities, and opinions of individual citizens? While this question is fundamental to theoretical and methodological developments in political analysis, it is particularly compelling with respect to comparative analysis, and this chapter argues that its resolution involves a thoroughly comparative approach to the study of democratic politics. At the most basic level, this tension involves whether analysts should employ aggregates or individuals as the basic level of analysis. The increased prominence of methodological individualism in all its various forms means that many efforts have rejected the former for the pursuit of the latter, embracing a framework built on some combination of individual preferences, utilities, attitudes, opinions, and resources. At the same time, methodological individualism comes at a price, producing a frequently cumbersome and sometimes irrelevant framework for the analysis of politics writ large. The analytic difficulties posed by methodological individualism have generated a number of theoretical and substantive shortcuts to make analyses tractable. The state as a unitary actor, the weight of public opinion, the public mood, the existence of a political culture, and the imposition of structural constraints are aggregate inventions constructed, at least in part, as explanatory devices to avoid the unwieldy and sometimes inappropriate apparatus imposed by a reliance on citizens as the ultimate component units of democratic politics.


Diagnosis of dermatomycoses involves direct KOH examination, fungal culture and sometimes histopathology. Identification of the pathogen is difficult upon initial presentation and may require presence of fungal elements in histopathological tissue sections. It is sometimes difficult to collect sufficient specimens for fungal culture at first visit. Here, we attempted to identify pathogenic fungi, at species or at least genus level, from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples by a molecular method. The experimental procedure was as follows: template DNA was extracted from 10 (~7-lm thick) sectioned FFPE tissue samples from each of four patients using TaKaRa DEXPAT for patient 1, and QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit for patients 2, 3 and 4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primer pairs targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rRNA gene as described, with amplification confirmed by electrophoresis. The ITS1 through ITS2 regions were amplified using primers ITS-1 (50-TCCGTAGGTGAA CCTGCGG-30) and ITS-4 (50-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-30); the ITS1 region was amplified using primers ITS-1 and ITS-2 (50-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-30); and the ITS2 using primers ITS-3 (50-GCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGC-30) and ITS-4. The electrophoresed bands were excised from gels, the sequences of the amplicons were determined; and the data were compared using the DNA Data Bank of Japan database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/). Clinical samples from four patients were examined as follows. In patient 1, PCR products using primer pairs were confirmed in a skin biopsy from red papules on the back suspected to be contact dermatitis, Langerhans histiocytosis or miliaria (Fig. 1a). Sequence data of the band amplified by primers ITS-1/ITS-2, namely ITS1, matched that of Candida albicans. In patient 2, PCR products using primer pairs were confirmed in a sample from a pigmented macule on the sole exhibiting a clinical appearance of acral lentiginous melanoma (Fig. 1b). Sequence data of bands amplified by primers ITS-1/ITS-2, namely ITS1, and primers ITS-3/ITS-4, namely ITS2, matched those of Hortaea werneckii. In patient 3, PCR products using primer pairs were confirmed in a sample from a pigmented toenail suspected to be acral lentiginous melanoma (Fig. 1c). Sequence data of ITS1 and ITS2 matched those of Scedosporium spp. In patient 4, in a sample from a squamous cell carcinoma-like nodular lesion on the ankle PCR products using primers ITS-1/ITS-4, namely entire ITS, and ITS-1/ITS-2, namely ITS1 (Fig. 1d). Sequence data of ITS1 matched that of Trichophyton rubrum. Although fungal DNA could be detected in the FFPE tissue samples, we were unable to determine the sequences of the entire targeted ITS in all four patients. Although two


With landscape ecology and GIS methods, the land use and landscape structure in Langzhong is studied. The result showing: the land's economic benefit and ecologic benefit were increased from 1529.8 and 1460.9 to 1709.25 and 1762; the indices of diversity and evenness were increased from 1.3028 and 0.6108 to 2.0904 and 0.8459, while the indices of dominance were decreased from 0.6431 to 0.2122, which indicated that land use of this area tended to be reasonable; the spatial distribution of patches trended to be uniformed; path congregation gradually dispersed.


High-level expression of recombinant 4-α-glucanotransferase (GTase) of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima under control of the tac promoter was achieved in Escherichia coli. Various sugars and sugar derivatives were tested for their ability to act as acceptors in glucanosyl transfer by GTase. It is postulated that transfer of glucanosyl segments by GTase occurs exclusively to the C-4 hydroxyl position of a glucose moiety which itself must be linked via a glycosidic bond to another saccharide or aglycone moiety. The anomeric configuration of this glycosidic linkage seems to be important for efficient acceptor binding since the α-glucosides which participated in GTase-mediated transfer reactions were generally much better acceptors than the corresponding β-glucosides. Based on the acceptor specificity of GTase it is postulated that the acceptor part of the active site of this enzyme contains at least two binding subsites.


The research project considers how the European Union deals with global bodies issuing informal decisions which are, in fact, applied as if they were mandatory. The starting point is the consideration of the growing importance of that kind of standard setters and of their transformed role. From places devoted to the exchange of ideas they have changed into transnational regulatory bodies. Particularly, the research will focus on the financial sector because of its representativeness due to the high number and diversity of standard setters operating within it, as well as to their rapid evolution. Another important remark from which the research starts is the weakness of European Community representation in the organs of such bodies. In most of the cases, power seems to belong to States or internationally active interest groups. Nevertheless, European Union is variously involved by the emerging of the above mentioned standard setters. In some cases it has encouraged the rise of global bodies. More importantly, EC law seems to be strongly influenced by global standards, as it has been shown by some recent EC directives. Starting from the above mentioned remarks the study will attempt to answer to different questions. Particularly, the research aim to highlights the nature and consequences of relationships established between the EC and financial global bodies, on one hand; global standards and EC law, on the other. In order to achieve this goal, the study will focus on the participation of EU's institutions to the decisionmaking process of global bodies and on the impact of that involvement on EU law and governance. The outcomes of the research will be used to verify if the EU is loosing its competence in favour of global bodies in the financial sector or if, confirming its functional nature, it is developing any instruments or mechanisms to maintain the control on that matter of regulation.


Persuasion is undoubtedly a critical negotiation skill. But while the literature has examined its role in negotiation, few, if any, scholars or practitioners have offered a clear strategic framework for putting persuasion into negotiation practice. The ethos, pathos, and logos modes of persuasion elucidated by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C.E. provide a clear, understandable, and easy-to-apply framework that students and trainees can use to prepare for negotiation, to deploy during the negotiation process, and to conduct debriefings following a negotiation. In this article, I describe how to apply this Aristotelian framework and explain an additional dimension of persuasion in negotiation that I believe is also critical: timing. Through the real-world example of Anwar Sadat and his trip to Jerusalem, I demonstrate how this framework has worked in practice.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic vibrations of the tethered satellite system (TSS).

Design/methodology/approach

The energy principle and the variational approach are used to establish the dynamic equations of the TSS. By introducing new generalized coordinates, the equations are transformed into the Hamiltonian system. Then, the symplectic Runge-Kutta (SRK) method is used to solve the canonical equations.

Findings

The influence of the tether length on the dynamic behavior of the TSS is very important.

Originality/value

The dynamic responses of the TSS are obtained by using the SRK method.


In this article parametric curve based a new image encryption method is proposed. Here, to obtain the encrypted image, sine curves (sin(a, w, ¢, t) = a * sin(¢ + 27rwt)) have used in both confusion and diffusion phases. In different steps, different sine curves have used, with varying the parameters and this provide more security to the proposed method. The result of the proposed method, performance under different statistical analysis and sensitivity analysis established that proposed method provides a secure and efficient way for image encryption.


The proximity between manic discourse and wit (the Witz whose « relation to the unconscious was studied by Freud in 1905) was underlined by eminent clinicians of mania such as Karl Abraham and Henri Ey. The present article aims to discover, from a metaphysical point of view, the points of contact between these two psychic facts – however different they are in their structure, their intrapsychic function and their relational dimension – but also their differences. They share narcissistic triumph and oral cathexis as well as the economy of psychic work they accomplish by suppressing or getting around repression thanks to regression to primary processes. However, a more precise analysis tries to clarify the specificity of each of these psychic facts, and the limits of comparing them. The works of Abraham and Freud on mania are frequently cited, as well as the very precious contribution of the phenomenological approach of existential psychiatry (Binswanger ; Minkowski), and the clinical history of Aby Warburg, treated (and cured) by Binswanger.


deposition of sodium biurate to be the cause of gout attacks, and that is also the opinion of Sir W. Roberts and Sir A. Garrod, an opinion which is not in the slightest degree affected, as anyone can see for himself, by the references given by Dr. Haig to the writings of these two gentlemen. In the JOURNAL of May 21st, I asked for " the evidence of others that a diminished alkalinity of blood containing uric acid in solution tends to throw some of the urate out of solution." I still maintain that it is entirely beside the point to refer me to the experiment known to every student of medicine in his third or fourth year, that the acidification of the blood serum of a gouty patient causes a deposition of uric acid. That has nothing to do with the assertion that a diminished alkalinity of blood tends to throw some of the urate out of solution, and therefore my question still remains unanswered. On the other hand, the experiments that I described in my Goulstonian Lectures demonstrate that such a diminished alkalinity of the blood produces no such effect, and Dr. Haig, without attempting to show that the results of those experiments are wrong, quietly Jgnores them because they happen to be in opposition to one of his theories. In my opinion it is not a scientific deduction to draw, that because a certain increase of uric acid appears in the urine after eating a pound of beef such increase is due to ready formed uric acid introduced in the beef. In the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL of December 8th, I894, Dr. Haig gave the number of grains of uric acid that a man may introduce into his system with an ordinary dinner, the estimations of the amounts of so-called uric acid having been made by applying Haycraft's process to the soup, fish, meat, and meat extract comprising the meal. In the fourth edition (I897) of Dr. Haig's book he gives the number of grains of " uric acid and xanthins " present in the same articles of food as found also by Haycraft's process. It appears to me that it is entirely within the bounds of fair criticism to point out that the attempt to shift the responsibility to xanthin is unfortunate, as Haycraft's process-the only one employed by Dr. Haigdoes not estimate xantbin at all ; while, on the other hand, no attempt was ever made to identify the assumed uric acid stated to be present in these foods.-I am, etc., Weymouth Street, W., June irth. ARTHUR P. LUFF.


For the development of ITER magnets, the testing of a TF model coil in the TOSKA facility is an important preliminary step. The test configuration consists of the model coil and the LCT coil. The mechanical reliabili ty of the LCT coil has to be guaranteed in this experiment assembly. The strength calculations of this coil with the finite-element program ABAQUS show an uncritical behaviour of the LCT structure.


I am grateful for Professor Baer's response to my essay and pleased to find several points of intersection in our positions, but I think we also disagree strongly on some fundamental issues.


By applying previously established optimal conditions for determination of deoxynivalenol by liquid chromatography with DAD detector, its content was determined in this work in corn samples artificially inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. The samples presented material of different genetic origin, and are frequently used as parent components of corn hybrids in the moderate belt. The obtained values for deoxynivalenol content were not higher than the maximum permitted level (1 g/g), regardless of the fact that the fungus was artificially inoculated. This is probably a consequence of the absence of humid weather, as well as extremely high temperatures during the sampling period (year 2003).


Accurate inspection data is important for efficient bridge management. Visual inspections play a key role in providing this information, but the reliability of such data has limitations. A range of techniques addressing these limitations are used in other sectors, but not to assist routine visual bridge inspection.
Work has been undertaken investigating the feasibility of performing routine visual bridge inspections based on systematically collected images alone. The requirements of such a system are considered and defined.
The research demonstrates that more detail can be seen in images at 1-pixel-per-mm than can be seen from 3m, and that images at this resolution can be systematically collected, processed, displayed, and inspected to complete General Inspections with results comparable to traditional routine visual inspections.
No existing systems were found to be suitable for routinely providing visual inspection data; consequently a prototype was developed demonstrating the feasibility of the image-based inspection approach. The development considered hardware, image collection methodology, processing, alignment, display and interpretation. Inspectors tested and used the system to perform image-based General Inspections on several bridges. It is concluded that an imagebased approach can be used to perform routine visual bridge inspections, with no loss of detail compared to traditional inspections.


In order to apply evaporative cooling technical to a high voltage and large capacity turbo-generator that will be used for a main power generator, the problem of designing reasonable insulation structure is needed to be solved. This paper offers immerging evaporative cooling stator, according to its specialties. This paper calculates and analysis the electric field and the temperature field in immerging evaporative cooling stator insulation structure in detail, then summarizes the distribution rules or specialties of these two fields. As results this paper gives the stator insulation thickness which is reduced greatly compared with traditional one and the current density , aiming to 135 MW evaporative cooling turbo-generator. The conclusion has been tested and is worthy of using for reference.


Although the outbreak of the First World War caused economic hardship for Britain's professional musicians, they were still often asked to perform for free in the service of charity. The public debate about the morality of asking financially vulnerable musicians to perform without the expectation of payment led to some attempts to address these difficulties, with new programs founded expressly to help musicians in wartime Britain. Two principal organizations—the Music in War-Time Committee and the War Emergency Entertainments—proved successful in providing work for struggling musicians, either in public concerts or private performances for hospitalized soldiers, and in the process produced benefits far more complex, valuable, and far-reaching—in terms of both those employed to give the concerts and the effect on those who received them—than merely the monetary value of the sums involved.


The problems can not be solved by the traditional method of customer segmentation when banks face with the massive information. Data mining techniques can extract useful information and knowledge that are implicit and unknown in advance but is potential in the practical application. Data mining techniques are broadly used in customer relationship management but there is no unified framework model for customer segmentation by now. Customer segmentation model of bank is built based on data mining which is to define the corresponding mapping relationships between customer attribute and concept attribute in this paper. We apply self-organizing mapping neural network and K-means algorithm to bank customer segmentation and analyze the sample data which we selected from some bank. The outcomes show that we can use a dynamic model of the data mining to describe customer behavior and provide useful information for the managers of banks to decision making.


This work reports, for the first time, the behavior of a Redox Flow Battery using nanoparticles based on graphene in the vanadium based electrolytes to act as nanofluids and working under a solar profile radiation (realistic conditions) for renewable energy storage. It has been demonstrated that the use of graphene based nanofluids improves the performance of this energy storage system and enhances the durability of the redox flow battery.


In an increasingly globalized world, where cities are linked, forming networks, urban interactions increasingly intense. Decentralization in Brazil has been facing a problem relating to the management of regional planning. In this sense, urban networks appear as another new alternative that adds to these problems a complexity not faced since the relations between the cities that make up the networks are not restricted to territorial boundaries. Therefore, this study highlights the need for the great challenge facing, which is to understand the urban network as a planning tool. This work is developed through an analytical study based on urban hierarchy studies. It is expected then that this work will clarify questions about the debate about the relevance of urban networks and regional studies for the planning of cities, once they realize the need to resume studies in urban metropolitan and regional scales.


With the emergence of online platforms for (social) sharing, collaboration and backing up, mobile users generate ever-increasing amounts of digital data, such as documents, photos, and videos, which they upload while on the go. Cellular Internet connectivity (e.g., 3G/4G) enables mobile users to upload their data but drains the battery of their devices and overloads mobile service providers. Wi-Fi data offloading overcomes the aforementioned issues for delay-tolerant data. However, it comes at the cost of constrained mobility for users, as they are required to stay within a given area while the data is uploaded. The up-link of the broadband connection of the access point often constitutes a bottleneck and incurs waiting times of up to tens of minutes. In this paper, we advocate the exploitation of the storage capabilities of common devices located on the Wi-Fi access point's LAN, typically residential gateways, NAS units or set-top boxes, to decrease the waiting time. We propose Hoop, a system for offloading upload tasks onto such devices. Hoop operates seamlessly on http(s) post , which makes it highly generic and widely applicable; it also requires limited changes on the gateways and on the web servers and none to existing protocols or browsers. Hoop is secure and, in a typical setting, reduces the waiting time by up to a factor of 46. We analyze the security of Hoop and evaluate its performance by correlating mobility traces of users with the position of the Wi-Fi access points of a leading community network (i.e., FON) that relies on major national ISPs. We show that, in practice, Hoop drastically decreases the delay between the time the photo is taken and the time it is uploaded, compared to regular Wi-Fi data offloading. We also demonstrate the practicality of Hoop by implementing it on a wireless router.


Background. The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 has reached a pandemic in a few months. Large-scale measures have been taken to prevent the spread of infection, both in Russia and around the world. Analysis of the effectiveness of measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 is an urgent task to optimize the measures used to prevent the disease. Aims — to identify infection risk factors, evaluate the effectiveness of the developed and implemented measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus infection at the airport of the Moscow Aviation Hub. Material and methods. Developed and implemented measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the territory of the airport complex, which is part of the Moscow Aviation Hub (UIA). An assessment of the incidence among employees was conducted, laboratory testing of airport employees for coronavirus infection COVID-19 was carried out: PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA; Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Conclusions. It was revealed that the complex of the developed measures has proven its effectiveness, made it possible to prevent the spread of infection among airport employees.


In the past several years, the M.I.T. bag model' has contributed a great deal to our understanding of the properties of elementary particles. The basis and motivation for the model have been of phenomenological origin. In a recent paper, Johnson and Thorn' extended the application of the bag model to Regge phenomenology. They consider the possibility that deformed states of the bag, in particular stringlike states, result in a rotational energy spectrum that accounts for linear rising Regge trajectories. They assume that ths hadronic states that maximize angular momentum for a fixed mass are long in shape and that the deformed bag rotates about its center of mass with angular frsquency o. The ends of this configuration are assumed to move at the speed of light, with the quarks contributing concentrations of color at the ends. The colored gluons terminate o n the quarks and provide an internal pressure that prevents the bag from collapsing. The length of the bag is a variational parameter. Subsequent to variation, they find that the stringlike states with minimum mass for a fixed angular momentum correspond to an asymptotically linear Regge trajectory, with a slope determined by the fundamental coloredquark-gluon coupling constant, 01,. and the universal bag constant, B. The agreement with the experimentally determined value for the slope is remarkable, and the model accounts for its universality. There have been several attempts in the literature to derive the bag model from first principles.'t In a recent paper, Huang and Stump4 considered a variational approach to quark confinement in a quantum-field theory of quarks coupled linearly to a real scalar field. Their trial functions are chosen t o be eigenstates of linear and angular momentum and are such that the quarks find themselves in a spherically symmetric well. Their hope is that such a well simulates some aspects of confinement and that the problem of confinement will emerge from quantum chromodynamics while retaining some characteristics of the model. They find that the total energy, including the contributions from the negative-energy Dirac sea, possesses a minimum for nonzero well radius and that it is finite in the limit where the renormalization cutoff is taken to infinity. They show that the contributions of the negative-energy Dirac sea result in a minimum of the total energy for which the depth and height of the confining well are unequal. In fact, they find that the well height is infinite as the renormalization cutoff goes to infinity. Upon choosing the depth t o be zero, they obtain a model that is similar to the M.I.T. bag model for a spherical cavity. By choosing two remaining constants phenomenologically and assuming that hadrons are color singlets, they apply the model t o hadron spectroscopy.


: A quantitative analysis of runoff variation characteristics is the basis for finding out its impact mechanism, and it is also an important basis for accurately evaluating water resources. This study used eight annual distribution indexes, such as the Gini coefficient and Lorentz asymmetry coefficient, combined with the M-K test 、 R/S analysis, and other mathematical statistics methods, to comprehensively analyze the process of the runoff of the upper reaches of the Shule River from the annual and interannual levels. The results showed that the following: (1) during the year, a unimodal distribution was shown, which was mainly concentrated in the flood season concentration degree (D), inhomogeneous coefficient (C v ), Gini coefficient (GI), relative change range (C m ) decreased respectively at the rate of - 1.053 · (10a) - 1 , - 0.015 · (10a) - 1 , - 0.009 · (10a) - 1 , - 0.643 · (10a) - 1 , complete adjustment coefficient (C r ), Lorentz asymmetry coefficient (S), concentration period (C n ) all decreased at the rate of - 0.006 · (10a) - 1 . The distribution tended to be uniform gradually according to the changing trend of its characteristic index during the year. (2) The annual runoff showed an overall increasing trend, but an abrupt change occurred in 1997, and the average annual runoff afterward increased by 59% compared before the change. (3) The runoff generally showed an upward trend in all four seasons, among which the trend rate was the greatest in the summer and the smallest in the winter. After the abrupt change in the 1990s, the average runoff increased significantly compared to before the abrupt change, and the change range was in the following order: autumn (76%) > winter (74%) > summer (58%) > spring (45%). (4) The annual and seasonal runoff in the upper reaches of the Shule River had multiple time characteristic scale periods, and the first major cycle were both 56 years. (5) According to the predicted runoff from 2022 to 2024, it was found that the runoff of the upper reaches of the Shule River will continue to increase in the next three years. These results provided a scientific basis for accurately grasping the runoff variation laws and characteristics of the upper reaches of the Shule River and had certain guiding significance for the sustainable development and utilization of water resources in the Shule River Basin and the study of the runoff variation laws in inland river basins.


Objective:A combination of physical modalities,physical therapy and manipulation is a conventional method for the treatment of knee joint dysfunction.We aimed to investigate the effect of Monitored Rehab systems(MRS) exercise with the traditional method on the patients with dysfunction of knee joint.Methods:Sixty patients with knee joint dysfunction hospitalized in the department of rehabilitation medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012 were randomly dividedinto the treatment group(n = 30) and control group(n = 30).Patients received one hour therapy including physical modalities,physical therapy and manipulation one after another everyday as one session.Patients in the treatment group received the same therapy as in the control group,adding MRS exercise in each session.MRS exercise included;①isometric exercise,②concentric contraction,③eccentric contraction,④roprioceptive exercise.In both groups,ten treatment sessions added up to one course,and all the patients were treated for three courses.ROM and motor function of the knee joint were evaluated with knee function scale before and after treatment,the total score is 100.Results:All patients were involved in the result analysis.①fter 3-courses treatment,scores on ROM and motor function of the knee joint were improved obviously in the two groups(P 0.05).②he scores on ROM and motor function of the knee joint were higher in the treatment group than in the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion:MRS exercise could improve the motor function of knee joint,and thus could improve the range of motion of knee joint.


This article is a study on the theory of Fundamental Rights and the Social Security System currently existing in this country, with the objective to approach the classification of the fundamental rights in its main dimensions and characteristics, assigning Social Security among those named second dimension. This is because the pension system consists in a set of principles that imposes a duty of material rendering to the State in the face of its beneficiaries, when exposed to certain social risks, which subject the person to a situation of social vulnerability. Social Security presents itself, thus as a genuine right of legal personality, for tries to confer means of livelihood upon a human being. Along these lines it tried, from theoretical and legislative research, to identify the concepts of fundamental rights, social security and social risk, combining with its foresight in the legal system, in order to identify the appropriate legal protection that the institute of Social Security must have in light of the theory of fundamental rights.


This paper provides a brief and systematic presentation of the basic principle and method of the maximum overlap symmetry molecular orbital (MOSMO) model and its application to simplification of molecular orbital calculation and to calculation of molecular structures and properties, together with some new results about the MOSMO calculation and new insights concerning the further extension of the principle and method. It has been shown that the theoretical method of the MOSMO model is very simple, reliable, and useful and can be employed to study the structure-property relation in even very large molecular systems


The re-standardisation of the Hunter-Grundin Reading-for-Meaning Scale (first standardised in 1979) shows no drop in reading standards among 7–12-year-olds, but does show a widening performance gap between middle-class and 'low-income' schools. This seems due to pupils being much more segregated into schools for different socio-economic groups in 1996 than in 1979. It is concluded that primary teachers do as good a job now as they did eighteen years ago.


One promise of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is that everyday environments will be augmented with digital technologies to enhance their effectiveness. As hardware matures and becomes more affordable, the possibility of a practical ubicomp classroom becomes increasingly attractive; however, the availability of high-quality pedagogically-sound software for this platform is likely to lag behind. In this paper, we outline some of the major challenges that need to be addressed for the ubicomp classroom to support a constructivist pedagogy.


The intestinal absorption of riboflavin, a vitamin which is absorbed by a specialized transport process in the proximal small intestine, was studied in nine infants and children with biliary obstruction (mainly due to congenital biliary atresia). After oral administration of a saturation dose of the vitamin (150 mg/sq m), the absorption of riboflavin, as shown by urinary recovery and maximum excretion rate data, was significantly impaired in the patients as compared to normal children of similar ages. Surgical correction of biliary atresia in two patients led to increased absorption of the vitamin.


Abstract Classical maximum likelihood (ML) as well as the uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimators of multinomial cell probabilities are given by the observed relative frequencies. Bayes estimators corresponding to symmetric Dirichlet prior distribution for p are the inflated observed relative cell frequencies of the type (ni + k) (M + kt)−1. These estimators, which are more reasonable when the observed ni 's are 0 or very small, are justified classically by Johnson and are also reported without proof in Good. We give here a proof of Johnson's results that perhaps is easier to understand.


In this paper, various cases of the radial harmonic Fourier moments(RHFMs) are investigated, and the RHFMs based on the exponent function are proposed. We proved that RHFMs based on trigonometric functions is equivalent to those based on exponent functions on mathematics, and the RHFMs based on exponent functions have simpler forms. An image-reconstruction experiment was performed with the RHFMs based on exponent functions.


A case of feverish benign neutropenia occurring in a diabetic patient receiving pregabalin for peripheral neuropathy is reported. Although pregabalin‐induced neutropenia is very rare, it is important to keep in mind that this drug like other anticonvulsants used for neuropathic pain, can cause severe neutropenia.


Objective: to determine the possibilities for prediction and diagnosis of congenital fetal malformations and chromosomal abnormalities on the basis of the study of the levels of amino acids and their nitrogen-containing derivatives in blood plasma of pregnant women with pathological conditions requiring artificial termination of pregnancy. Material and methods. The content of free amino acids and their nitrogen-containing derivatives was studied in 104 pregnant women having congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities in their fetuses at 13-22 weeks` gestation (group I) and 25 women with physiological pregnancy (group II). The amino acid level was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Results. The levels of 14 out of the 26 studied amino acids in the blood plasma of the pregnant women of group I were statistically higher than those of the women in group II. ROC analysis was used to determine six amino acids (glycine, α-aminobutyric acid, hydroxylysine, glutamic acid, citrulline, serine) and their threshold values which with high accuracy (85.3 %) allow of predicting congenital fetal malformations and chromosomal abnormalities. A prognostic model making it possible to determine high probability of congenital fetal anomalies based on the determination of the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptophan, glycine, asparagine, and serine in blood plasma of pregnant women has been developed. Conclusion. The study of the levels of amino acids and their nitrogen-containing derivatives in plasma of pregnant women at 13-22 weeks` gestation can be used for prenatal diagnosis of congenital fetal malformations and chromosomal abnormalities, as well as used as an additional criterion for making the decision on the necessity for artificial termination of pregnancy upon fetal medical indications.


ABSTRACT This article aims to examine the role of digital communication in the making of cosmopolitan spaces by immigrants in the city of São Paulo. Particularly, the uses of the digital social media Facebook by these individuals are analyzed, in order to reveal the specific mediations through the diverse uses of immigrants living in São Paulo of this platform. São Paulo's migrants' communities – established and new –, face uncertainty about their identity formation, as well as about the viability of social formation and multicultural discourses. Hence, we analyze how immigrants in São Paulo mobilize digitally to make cosmopolitan spaces in the city, from the development of local networks in support of migrants, to training into digital skills and the production of visibility within digital media. This study uses a multimethod approach, by investigating digital practices to build cosmopolitan spaces in São Paulo, and by examining the lives of individuals of different migrants' communities in the city. This discussion aims to dialogue with the perspectives of 'vernacular cosmopolitanism' and 'cosmopolitanism of liberation' (Georgiou, M. 2013. Media and the city: cosmopolitanism and difference. Cambridge, MA: Polity), of valorization of cultural identities of migrants groups, as well as of dispositions from an ethical and political perspective to openness and recognition of the migrants within the local society.


There is frequent relationship between the stock′s return in the financial market and the relevant degree is changing from time to time.In the paper,the time-varying characteristic of the relationship between two single stock′s return is portrayed by the realized covariance matrix based on high-frequency data in order to reveal the genuine relationship between the single stock′s return in portfolio.Then,variances of the portfolio′return are linked by the GARCH model and the recursive relationships among the continuing variance is established,from which the persistent-variance is separated to construct the total persistent-variance.At last the dynamic portfolio model is formed as the objective function of quadratic programming model on the ground that the proliferating risk is controlled,and the analytical solution of the model is obtained.The empirical results show that the time-varying correlation coefficient makes the negative axis fluctuation of the portfolio in smaller range,and it is practically significant in controlling proliferating risk.


In this paper, we are interested to the dynamic modeling of lithium-ion battery behavior as the mathematical modeling of the battery is essential for a better understanding of the characteristics, the performance evaluation and therefore battery sizing and optimization. The dynamic model is a phenomenological model based on an equivalent circuit model. In order to investigate the electrical output characteristics of the concerned lithium-ion battery and validate the conceived model, the presented model is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. Dynamic simulations are carried out, including the observation of the changes in battery terminal output voltage under different charging/discharging modes and cycling conditions. The simulation results are compared with the results obtained from several recent studies and to manufacturer data.


Summary. The diagnosis of two species of marine hypotrich ciliates: Amphisiella arenicola and A. ovalis is shown. These species were described previously by the same authors, as well as the statistical analysis of their biological features and the comparison with the most similar species. Since the diagnosis of both species did not appear in the previous work, these diagnosis are included, in order to observe the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


Since more and more enterprises tend to form R&D collaboration with other enterprises, thus if a risk of the cooperative enterprise occurs, it may trigger some potential risk of the enterprise. The related research on risks faced by enterprise has been mainly focus on the categories of risks and how they interrelated with each other. However, these researches ignore that most risks are not only interrelated with the enterprise but also interrelated with some risks of the cooperative enterprises. In this situation, it is more challenge to manage risk for enterprise. Therefore, effectively managing risks interrelated is important to the success of R&D activity. To address this gap, this paper groups risks faced by enterprise in R&D network based on the literature review, and proposes how to use DEMATEL approach to analyze the complicated interrelationship of risks considering both the risk inside the enterprise and risk of the cooperative enterprise.


Another paper by the same authors describes some experiments made to test the effects of desiccation on vitality of seeds. The seeds of grains and grasses will withstand drying to less than i per cent without material loss in germination. Blue grass and Johnson grass can even be dried to o.i per cent of moisture without loss in germination, but vigor is greatly reduced in the blue grass. Still further loss of vigor occurred in the blue grass when dried in vacuo at Ioo' C. for 6 hours, but the germination percentage was not materially reduced. These results negative the statements of EWART that excessive drying changes dormant protoplasm to such an extent that the essential molecular groupings cannot be re-established under conditions for germination.-C. A. SHULL.


The Covid-19 Pandemic has adversely impacted the world economy, including those of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The border closures, lockdowns and social distancing have, to a varying degree, affected economic activities negatively. These include, among others, the loss of lives, jobs, outputs and national incomes. But how and when to begin to maintain some levels of economic activities amidst increasing infection rate, death rate, and hospitalization rate is a major issue of disagreement between health experts, political leaders and economists.
In this article, therefore, we shall attempt to illustrate a pathway towards the reopening of economic activities in a corona virus economy or community, following a graphic explanation of the virus infection rate over a period of time which resembles the English small letter 'n'.


Over the past 30 years, no significant positive dynamics have been observed among the population of the member countries of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in terms of reducing the age-standardized incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and improving the control of the main cardiovascular risk factors.
The article analyzes the factors that are potentially responsible for not reaching the target levels of blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and provides the results of relevant studies.


PURPOSE: A source supply unit for a film depositing device is provided to enhance shielding performance since two or more contact rings make contact with the inner wall of a container. CONSTITUTION: A source supply unit for a film depositing device comprises a container, a transfer member(20), and a pressing member. The container comprises a space, in which evaporating materials are stored. An outlet formed on one side of the container is connected to an injector side through a connecting line. The transfer member comprises a piston body(21), a two or more mounting members(22a, 22b, 22d), and at least two contact rings. The piston body is inserted into the space of the container to be able to move in a linear direction. Mounts are formed on the outer circumferential surfaces of the two or more mounting members.


Abstract: This paper deals with the study of Trustworthy aspect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) which is known as Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (TAI) and how it can be used to make a Water Distribution System (WDS) into Smart Water Distribution System (SWDS). The main premise of this paper is to conduct a literature review of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence along with few notable contributions made by AI in making water distribution systems smart.


The efficacy of using genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) to degrade recalcitrant environmental toxicants was demonstrated by the application of Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103) to an Oregon agricultural soil amended with 500 u.g/g of a model xenobiotic, phenoxyacetic acid (PAA). P. putida PP0301(pR0103) is a constitutive degrader of 2, 4–dichlorophenoxyacetate (2, 4–D) and is also active on the non–inducing substrate, PAA. PAA is the parental compound of 2, 4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4–D) and whilst the indigenous soil microbiota degraded 500 ng/g 2, 4–D to less than 10 J–g/g, PAA degradation was insignificant during a 40–day period. No significant degradation of PAA occurred in soil inoculated with the parental strain P. putida PP0301 or the inducible 2, 4–D degrader P. putida PP0301(pR0101). Moreover, co–amendment of soil with 2, 4–D and PAA induced the microbiota to degrade 2, 4–D; PAA was not degraded. P. putida PP0301–(pR0103) mineralized 500–μg/g PAA to trace levels within 13 days and relieved phytotoxicity of PAA to Raphanus sativus (radish) seeds with 100% germination in the presence of the GEM and 7% germination in its absence. In unamended soil, survival of the plasmid–free parental strain P. putida PP0301 was similar to the survival of the GEM strain P. putida PP0301(pR0103). However, in PAA amended soil, survival of the parent strain was over 10 000–fold lower (< 3 colony forming units per gram of soil) than survival of the GEM strain after 39 days.


This article examines the views of Irish and Irish-Muslim elites about the compatibility of Islamic and Western values and how these elites feel Islam should (or should not) be integrated into the existing church–state systems. Ireland is a theoretically revealing case to examine because Ireland lacks an officially endowed religion, and yet the Catholic Church remains a dominant force in Irish society. The results of 16 interviews with Irish and Muslim elites demonstrate that both sets of elites have significant support for the perspective that Islamic and Western values are compatible, even while among the Muslim community there is strong support for the opinion that compatibility of values is dependent on the situation and among the Irish elite there is a small, but nonetheless important, presence of support for the belief that Islamic and Western values are incompatible and that Islam should not be mainstreamed. The findings also show that Ireland lacks a clear integration strategy but there exists a desire to protect the rights of individuals to practice their own faith.


Metroxylon sagu can be found in two forms known as trunking and non-trunking sago palm.
Trunking sago palm is the plant that contains high amount of starch accumulated in the pith
of its trunk whereas non-trunking sago palm has a stunted growth of the trunk. Non-trunking
sago palm can lead to wastage of various resources especially production of starch. The
failure in the formation of trunk for non-trunking sago palm might be related to specific
genes which are over or under expressed. Research which have been done previously on
differential expressed transcripts of trunking and non-trunking sago palm showed that there
were several partial gene transcripts successfully distinguished between trunking and non
trunking sago palm. Since the gene sequences that are related to the formation and the failure
to form a trunk of sago palm are still not fully determined, five of these transcripts were
selected in an attempt to obtain full length cDNA sequences. The selected candidate genes
in this study were DET1, DET2, DET3, DET4, and DET5. The 5' and 3' RACE were done
by using total RNA from young leaves of sago palm. The 3'ends for five candidate genes
were successfully obtained. For the 5'ends however, only DET1 gene sequence was
successfully amplified. Then, new sequences were constructed and analysed, and found that
each DET1, DET2, DET3, DET4, and DET5 are highly matched with peptidyl prolyl cis
trans isomerase, beta-glucosidase, dnaJ, S-adenosylmethionine synthase and ascorbate
peroxidase. Based on the additional sequence obtained in this study, this information can be
used in a developing database specifically for trunking and non-trunking sago palm and to
study further on the roles of these candidate genes in sago palm.


The behavior of Solar Photo-Voltaic Generation (SPVG) in the grid is defined by the way its output active and reactive power are controlled; the reactive power can be controlled directly as a preset value or indirectly through controlling the voltage magnitude at the point of common coupling (PCC). Therefore, two basic modeling approaches are considered in the present work: constant reactive power and constant voltage magnitude models, for an infinite-capacitor SPVG. Based on these models, studies of the effect on the system's voltage and angle stability of integrating SPVG into the grid are presented and discussed for the IEEE 14-bus benchmark system. The analyses are performed at the transmission system level and from the system operator's perspective. Therefore, voltage stability studies are carried out using PV curves, small-perturbation stability studies are performed based on eigenvalue analyses of the linearized system modes, and time domain studies are carried out to examine the overall performance of the system in the case of contingencies. From the results and studies presented, it is shown that SPVG in PV-control mode does not negatively affect the stability of the system, and it may actually improve it.


group were informed about their correct detection and false response (P-KR group). Ss in 12 Check and 24 Check groups were asked for to doself-checking in order to get the same sorts of information. The checking was admitted up to 12 in 12 Check group and 24 in 24 Check group. Control group was not provided with any information about their performance. P-KR and 24 Check groups were superior to ControI group (p<.01) and 12 Check group to Control group


By means of atom-bond electronegativity equalization,investigation of the molecular dockings between acetylcholinesterase inhibitors(AChEI) Tacrine and histamine methyltransfrease was carried out.And then,the interaction of cholinesterase(AChE) and four kinds of cholinesterase inhibitors was studied.We fixed the receptor molecule,supposing that ligand molecule can move freely,and used the semi-flexible docking studies.The binding energies between four ACHEI and ACHE were calculated and the order of the binding capacity is:DonpezilHuperzineRivastigmineTacrine,which is in fair agreement with the experimental values of the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) inhibitory activity IC50.


AIM: To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO)in the development of chronically hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and the hemodynamic effects of inhaled NO on pulmonary circulation. METHODS: 67 male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: (1) control ( n= 9);(2) chronically intermitent hypoxia (CIH, 6 h/d, 7 d/w) 1 week( n= 7); (3) CIH 2 weeks ( n= 11); (4) CIH 3 weeks ( n= 11); (5) CIH 1 week+L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor, 30 mg/kg, by gavage, n= 10); (6)CIH 3 weeks+L-Arg (NO precursor, 10 mg/kg, by gavage, n= 9); (7) CIH 3 weeks+inhaled NO (0.0004% for 20 min, n= 10) to determine the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), weigh the right ventricle (R) and ventricular segment plus left ventricle (S+L), and calculate R/(S+L) (g/g) and R/Wt (Wt: body weight, g/kg). RESULTS: 1.MPAP increased compared with control [(3 2±0.3 ) kPa vs (1.8±0.3) kPa, P 0.01] when CIH 1 week, reaching the highest when CIH 2 weeks; R/(S+L) and R/Wt also increased notably when CIH 1 week ( P 0.01); 2. The level of plasma NO 2 -/NO 3 - elevated significantly when CIH 2 weeks, but fell when CIH 3 weeks; the content of plasma ET-1(endothelin-1) also increased significantly. The level of plasma ET-1 correlated with R/(S+L) and R/Wt, r =0 43 and 0.46, respectively, both P 0 01; 3. The level of plasma NO 2 -/NO 3 - droped 33.2 % ( P 0.01) after treatment with L-NAME, with R/(S+L) increasing 15 2 % ( P 0 05); 4. L-Arg decreased the MPAP 17.8 %( P 0 01). CONCLUSION: The endogenous NO release increases at early stage (1-2 weeks) of chronic hypoxia, but falls at the prolonged stage; the elevated level of plasma ET-1 possibly plays an important role in remodeling of chronically hypoxic pulmonary vessels and ventricle; inhaled NO significantly decreases the chronically hypoxic PAH.


Samples of soils, and of leaves and cones from hop plants infected with nettlehead disease were compared with corresponding samples from healthy hills in the same garden. It was found that the material from diseased hills contained appreciably more nickel than the specimens from healthy hills. A wider survey of cone samples from eight other gardens suggested that the finding was general.


Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adults is a chronic disease resulting from increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Splenectomy remains the most effective and durable treatment in cases that are refractory to first-line therapy, but its use has declined because of the availability of alternate medical therapy, the associated risk of infection, and concern for surgeryrelated complications. Rituximab (Rituxan) may be an effective alternative but carries the risk of immunosuppression. Management has changed in the last decade, with new drugs and with increased awareness of treatment side effects.


Title: Development and Validation of a New Boundary Condition for Intake Analysis with Distortion Auteurs: Authors: Foad Mehdi Zadeh, Jean-Yves Trépanier et Eddy Petro Date: 2013 Type: Article de revue / Journal article Référence: Citation: Mehdi Zadeh, F., Trépanier, J.-Y. & Petro, E. (2013). Development and Validation of a New Boundary Condition for Intake Analysis with Distortion. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2013, p. 1-12. doi:10.1155/2013/284206


Recently, the velocity of sea-level rising has increased due to the global warming and the natural disasters have been occurred many times. Therefore, there are various demands for the integration of vertical reference datums for the ocean and land areas in order to develop a coastal area and prevent a natural disaster. Currently, the vertical datum for the ocean area refers to Local Mean Sea Level(LMSL) and the vertical datum for the land area is based on Incheon Mean Sea Level(IMSL). This study uses 31 points of Tidal Gauge Bench Mark (TGBM) in order to compares and analyzes the geometric heights referring LMSL, IMSL, and the nationally determined geoid surface. 11 points of comparable data are biased more than 10 cm when the geometric heights are compared. It seems to be caused by the inflow of river, the relocation of Tidal Gauge Station, and the topographic change by harbor construction. Also, this study analyze the inclination of sea surface which is the difference between IMSL and LMSL, and it shows the inclination of sea surface increases from the western to southern, and eastern seas. In this study, it is shown that TGBM can be used to integrate vertical datums for the ocean and land areas. In order to integrate the vertical datums, there need more surveying data connecting the ocean to the land area, also cooperation between Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration and National Geographic Information Institute. It is expected that the integrated vertical datum can be applied to the development of coastal area and the preventative of natural disaster.