This article analyzes the effects of the interaction between different institutional logics on corporate education. From a framework based on the concepts of institutional complexity (Thornton et al., 2012), logical constellations (Goodrick & Reay, 2011) and economies of worth (Boltanski & Thevenot, 2006), we propose a model – Logical Grammar of Educational Practice – to analyze the manifestations of institutional logic in organizational practices, particularly in the corporate education. A longitudinal case study (1965-2018) was thus carried out in Banco do Brasil by using secondary, primary, and observation data. The empirical research has evidenced the coexistence of logics lasts throughout time, without the domination of any of them over the other. The pattern of coexistence varies, depending on the context of the organization and of the institutional field. The modes of interaction among the logics, in turn, depend on the combination of the elements of orders of worth at their interfaces. Therefore, as relevant as the manifestation of logics, it is fundamental to analyze the interaction among them. From these interactions, one can understand: (i) the reasons of changes in the organizational practices' trajectories; (ii) the diversity of logical-institutional interaction that may happen inside of a constellation of logics; and (iii) the condition under which the logics compete or complement each other.


This article presents motivating factors for taking an international social work course for a sample of graduate students in the United States. Literature on international education, including courses and international field placements, provides a framework for the study. Qualitative themes showed that students were motivated primarily as a result of prior international experience, or the desire for such, as well as a wish to understand the phenomena of globalization. Findings point to the need for offering more courses in international social work and globalization.


9639 Background: Oral VSP-Is are associated with a significant risk of hypertension (HTN), yet little is known regarding clinical predictors. We describe the association between baseline clinical characteristics, including antihypertensive (antiHTN) therapy, and increased blood pressure (BP) and survival in patients prescribed VSP-Is. Methods: Clinical data was obtained from1120 adults prescribed VSP-Is, identified from electronic medical records (Partners HealthCare, Boston, MA). The primary outcome was worsening HTN (BP≥160/100 mmHg on ≥1 occasion or requiring intensification of antiHTN therapy) in patients with pre-existing HTN, or the development of new HTN in patients with no prior history. Results: The most common cancers wererenal cell (32.2%), hepatocellular (11.6%), GIST (12.5%), and other sarcomas (15.3%). Most patients received sunitinib (52%), sorafenib (25.9%) or pazopanib (18%). Pre-existing HTN was present in 65.4%. The primary BP outcome was identified in 49.9% (median follow-up 4.3 months...


This paper presents the nature o f logistic processes functioning in manufacturing companies with special risk factors situations. The author's parameterization model o f the value added was generated as a result o f the logistic processes. Author refers to differences between all-in and real costs caused by ap pearance o f risk factors in logistic processes. Author also identifies the change o f the value added measured with the net profit and its results.


Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper. Author Contributions: Ingen-Housz-Oro, Ortonne, Hotz, Moroch, Le Bras: acquisition of data. Ingen-HouszOro, Ortonne: writing manuscript. Chosidow, Haioun: critical revision of manuscript. Haioun: supervision. Sponsor's Role: None.


ABSTRACT A method for the quantitative determination of bovine hemoglobin in dilute solution was developed using adsorption preconcentration and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. An adsorbent, designated as multicarbonyl polymer-grafted silica particles, was prepared for the preconcentration of bovine hemoglobin in dilute solution. Under neutral conditions, the adsorption efficiency exceeded 98% within 20 min. After the preconcentration of bovine hemoglobin on the adsorbent, the near-infrared spectrum was measured in diffuse reflectance mode and a partial least squares model was constructed for quantitative prediction. Samples were analyzed in the presence of amino acid, albumin bovine V, D-glucose, and metal ions as potential interferences. The results show that bovine hemoglobin was selectively determined. The correlation coefficient between the predicted concentrations and the reference values was 0.9911, and the recoveries were from 86.4 to 111.2% for validation samples with concentrations between 2.1 and 30.0 mg L−1. Therefore, the determination of bovine hemoglobin was achieved by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with preconcentration and chemometric modeling.


To build IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses for IPv4/IPv6 translation, the
Well-Known Prefix (WKP) and Network Specific Prefix (NSP)-based
address formats have been defined in [Address-Format]. However, both
of them have some limitations in several use cases. Hence, this
document aims at discussing the validity of the use cases and assess
the interest of the BEHAVE WG to meet the requirement of unambiguously
distinguishing IPv4-Embedded IPv6 addresses from native IPv6 ones.
Doing so would guide the address selection and therefore allow
avoiding crossing unnecessary or even useless address family
translators. Conventions used in this document The key words "MUST",
"MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
"RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119].


"improbable traveller. His health was precarious, his illnesses legion .. . Gentle and pacific, he was terrified of dogs, horses and firearms, prone to severe seasickness and driven to distraction by noise and disorder. Yet he travelled incessantly for over five decades, visiting parts of Europe that were still dangerous" (p. 11). The explanation is evidently his enthusiasm for drawing. He writes that "travelling in Albania has, to a landscape painter, two alternatives; luxury and inconvenience on the one hand, liberty, hard living and filth on the other; and of these two I chose the latter, as the most professionally useful, though not the most agreeable" (p. 88). Unlike so many Victorians he could be fair to the Turks. He noted their "unvarying good breeding" (p.96) and their "humane attention paid to the lower orders of creation" (p. 143). His comments are often unconventional. Writing from Therapia he calls the Bosphorus "the ghastliest humbug going" (p.55). However, the text, though always readable and often amusing, is less important than the numerous illustrations. The topographical views and many of the costumes are reproduced in colour. The black-and-white illustrations are very varied in character and include some in the style of the Book of Nonsense, such as the drawing of heads of barking dogs arranged like blooms on the stem of a plant called Barkia Howlaloudia (p. 62). There are appealing drawings of birds and beasts and of Lear himself in various predicaments. The editor has corrected some mistakes which Lear not unnaturally made when writing hastily and informally under such conditions, but not the most surprising; it was not Xerxes who was defeated at Marathon (p. 47). Another strange error, apparently the editor's, is the statement that the revolutions of 1848 witnessed the downfall of the Emperor Franz Josef (p. 103). On the contrary, they brought him to the throne at an early age through the enforced abdication of Ferdinand ("Nandl der Tottel"). It is not strictly true to say that the Ionian Islands were "ceded to the British" in 1815 (p. 37), though they might as well have been. Formally they constituted an independent republic under British protection. The editor has sensibly been economical with notes, for this is above all a book to enjoy, not one from which to seek information. There are, however, a few places where readers without specialist knowledge might have welcomed some elucidation. The "Islema or Priesthood" are obviously the 'ulama (p. 58). Unkias Skelesia is Hiinkar Iskelesi, after which was named the famous treaty of 1833 generally called by Europeans Unkiar Skelessi (pp. 61,66). The sweetmeat whose name escaped him, "in square pieces, & made of gum, sugar & attar of roses" is lokum, Turkish delight (p. 61). Besiktsche is Besjktas. (p. 63). The "beautiful ruin called the Incantada" in Salonica was a late Roman portico, usually called Las Incantadas by the speakers of JudaecSpanish, after eight caryatids "on the supposition that the figures are human beings petrified by the effect of magic" (W. M. Leake, Travels in Northern Greece, 1835, vol. Ill, p. 246). It was removed to the Louvre in 1865 (p. 71). The rebel against the Ottomans called Zuliki (pp. 86,114) and Zukili (p. 103) is Zenel Gjoleka, who led a revolt of the mountaineers of the sanjak of Gjirokaster in 1847. "Sidney Herbert's distressed needlewomen" refers to the association which Herbert founded in 1849 to promote the emigration of poor women to the colonies (p. 156). In a letter to the Morning Chronicle he said of the needlewomen: "Theirs is the most helpless sex, the most intense poverty, the most fearful degradation". The book has been well produced and, especially considering the number and quality of the illustrations, it is very reasonably priced.


This paper has a discussion on the strengthening design method and technology relativity of the sticking steel method by analyzing the example.It gets the related rules of steel-concrete ordinary beam strengthening's load capacity and material dosage.It provides the technical support for economic evaluation.


The insertion (I) allele of the human angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with lower serum and tissue ACE activity, and with greater endurance performance and enhanced mechanical efficiency of trained muscle. We tested the hypothesis that the ACE‐I allele may be associated with increased slow‐twitch fiber, which is more efficient than fast‐twitch fiber in low‐velocity contraction, by examining the association between the ACE genotype and skeletal muscle fiber (SMF) types in 41 untrained healthy young volunteer subjects (31 males, 10 females, age 24 ± 3 years). Skeletal muscle samples were taken from the left vastus lateralis using the needle‐biopsy method. Slow‐twitch type I fibers and fast‐twitch type IIa and IIb fibers were classified histochemically based on staining for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity at different pH values. Amylase‐periodic acid‐Schiff staining was used to visualize capillaries around fibers. ACE‐II subjects had significantly (p < 0.01) higher percentages of type I fibers (50.1 ± 13.9%vs 30.5 ± 13.3%) and lower percentages of type IIb fibers (16.2 ± 6.6%vs 32.9 ± 7.4%) than ACE‐DD subjects. The linear trends for decreases in type I fibers and increases in type IIb fibers from ACE‐II → ID → DD genotypes were significant as assessed by an analysis of variance. The ratio of type I:II fibers also differed according to the ACE genotype. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ACE‐I allele had significant additive and recessive (codominant) effects on the increased type I fibers and the ratio of type I:II fibers. No specific pattern of capillarization was observed among the three ACE genotypes. In conclusion, the ACE‐I allele was associated with increased type I SMF, which may be a mechanism for the association between the ACE genotype and endurance performance.


Abstract A new class of homology groups associated to a 3-manifold is defined. The theories measure the syzygies between skein relations in a skein module. We investigate some of the properties of the homology theory associated to the Kauffman bracket.


A quasi‐geostrophic theory is proposed for planetary waves in the extratropical thermocline. It is shown that planetary wave propagation, structure and stability can be affected significantly by the mean thermocline flow. One major planetary wave mode is the non‐Doppler‐shift mode, which resembles the first baroclinic mode and has a strong signature in both the sea surface height and the bottom of the thermocline. This mode propagates westward regardless of the mean flow. However, consistent with recent works, the westward propagation speed can be modestly enhanced by the mean flow. Another major planetary wave mode is the advective mode which bears some resemblance to the second baroclinic mode and has a strong signature in the upper thermocline temperature field.


References Chakravarthy, I.B. and A.K. Malhotra (1975). A note on Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latr) infestation of Lesser Panda (Ailurus fulgens) and Jaguar (Panthera onca). Indian Vet. J. 52 : 9 (730) Jaganath, M.S. and S. Yathiraj (1999). Clinical evaluation of Doramectin. Indian Vet. J. 76: 4(333-334). Jones, R.M., N.B. Logan., A.J. Weatherley, A.S. Little and C.D. Smoothers (1993). Activity of doramectin against nematode endoparasites of cattle. Vet. Parasitology. 49: 1 (27-37). Turner, M and Schaeffer, (1990). Mode of action of ivermectin. In: Ivermectin and Abamectin, ed. W.C. Cambell. pp. 51-59. SpringerVerlag, New York.


The purpose of this theoretical study is to gain deeper understanding of the concept 'change' and thereby give a meaningful understanding based on interpretation about the process of health. This study is based on Koort's semantical analysis methods in the light of Eriksson's approach for concept determination using eleven Swedish dictionaries between the years 1926–2000. The results of the ontological determination have been articulated into two main dimensions or contents of meaning; transformation and shift. A hermeneutical interpretation of the results ends in the concept of reforming. Reforming can be seen as outer or inner nature in the health process when seeing health as a movement, e.g. health as doing, being and becoming. Furthermore, achieving a higher degree of integration in changing the process of health there needs to bring the change into an action, and therefore, demands the unity of the outer and the inner reforming in order to shape life as well as health. This change needs a motive related to health driven by the vision of possible actions.


Maximally decimated filter banks have been extensively studied in the past. A filter bank is said to be under-decimated if the number of channels is more than the decimation ratio in the subbands. A maximally decimated filter bank is well known for its application in subband coding. Another application of maximally decimated filter banks is in block filtering. Convolution through block filtering has the advantages that parallelism is increased and data are processed at a lower rate. However, the computational complexity is comparable to that of direct convolution. More recently, another type of filter bank convolver has been developed. In this scheme, the convolution is performed in the subbands. Quantization and bit allocation of subband signals are based on signal variance, as in subband coding. Consequently, for a fixed rate, the result of convolution is more accurate than is direct convolution. This type of filter bank convolver also enjoys the advantages of block filtering, parallelism, and a lower working rate. Nevertheless, like block filtering, there is no computational saving.


Acting in the spirit of Shunde Polytechnic' s motto—"Being based upon the reality of the locality,Up- holding the People-oriented Principle,Pursuing Higher Quality of Education and Giving Expression to Characteris- tic Features",the higher vocational medical education of Shunde Polytechnic bases itself upon and serves the local community by offering different kinds and forms of higher vocational education and training in the hope of promoting the quality and standards of the medical staff in Shunde to a higher level so as to actively meet the demand of the social and economic development of the area.In training medical personnel for profession,the college firmly ad- vances on the road in combining education with production,establishes good relations with government organizations and enterprises,and has given expression to characteristic features of higher vocational medical education by depen- ding upon the local trades and enterprises.


A compact waveguide filtering antenna operating in evanescent-mode with tunable stopband bandwidth is presented. The evanescent-mode waveguide is loaded with a dual-mode dielectric resonator that allows parallel coupling paths to generate both reflection zeros and transmission zeros in the filtering response. The two transmission zeros created at the upper side of the passband are responsible for specifying the stopband bandwidth of the filtering antenna. The locations of transmission zeros are, in turn, controlled to achieve 23% stopband bandwidth tuning for ripple level of 30 dB. The proposed filtering antenna operates at ${f}_{{0}}={8.15}$ GHz with a 10-dB return-loss bandwidth of 1.26% and a gain of 3.6 dBi. The small aperture of an evanescent-mode filtering antenna yields wide beamwidths of 129° and 74° in E- and H-planes, respectively. Moreover, the filtering antenna is fed by a standard propagating waveguide, making it suitable for high-power radar and phased array applications.


While many studies have been conducted to apply reinforcement learning (RL) to real world problems beyond games such as Atari, video conferencing is also one of real world applications. In video conferencing, reinforcement learning is used to control the bitrate to improve the user's quality of experience (QoE). However, real world problems such as video conferencing have different characteristics compared to electronic games. Usually the rewards in real world problems are not clear or abstract, and this makes it difficult to design the RL model and training process of the model to maximize the cumulative reward. Therefore, in this paper, we present the method for stabilizing the training of the models that apply reinforcement learning to video conferencing. In addition, we established a simulation environment that can train deep RL models in 1-to-1 video conferencing. An evaluation is performed to analyze the difference between the baseline model and the models generated using the stabilization method in the simulation environment.


Security is crucial for networked devices, especially when used in critical environments, such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Consequently, in this work, the development and execution of the FSAnalysis mechanism are proposed, responsible for selecting the best features considering balanced and unbalanced datasets, analyzing each of the scenarios for determining the one with the best performance.


The utility model relates to a self-service supermarket check-out device, which comprises a supermarket shopping basket and further comprises a self-service check-out device, wherein the self-service check-out device is fixed at one side of the supermarket shopping basket; the self-service check-out device comprises a power supply module, a display module and a control module; the power supply module is respectively connected with the display module and the control module and provides power for the display module and the control module; the display module is connected with the control module; and the control module sends operation control information to the display module. The self-service supermarket check-out device disclosed by the utility model is capable of scanning bar codes or two-dimensional codes of commodities, demagnetizing the commodities simultaneously, displaying various information of the commodities, such as costs and the like, on a display screen, and automatically stacking amounts of the commodities; because the control module is arranged, the self-service supermarket check-out device has the functions of clearing away the commodities and resetting; and customers can clear away over-bought commodities through a clearing button and reset information of the commodities through a checked button after check-out.


The applications of interactive Digital TV (iDTV) appear as a new tool with the ability to improve different sectors. For example, the development of interactive applications can provide an important complement in the educational area. Allied to new possibilities, new concerns also arise regarding the best use of resources provided by iDTV. In this context, this paper proposes the creation and use of prototyping techniques as a mechanism for developing iDTV solutions. We present a focused case of study on the creation of an educational application to digital TV for children.


Communities across the Great Plains are adapting successfully to the new economy. This article highlights some of these efforts in innovation, agriculture, small business, technology, trade, and tourism. Economic restructuring is changing how towns and cities work and interact, leading to the emergence of a "community of networks, " as old economic and social ties are broken. Of increasing importance are quality of life factors as more people discount economic factors and incorporate a "sense of place" into their location decisions. Implications point toward needed changes in economic development and growth strategies. Finally, suggestions are made for further research.


This article presents two interrelated problems-along tracking and cross tracking-in guidance design for curved path following for unmanned surface vehicles. Since these two types of directional tracking are interactively constrained in most research work, an iteration mechanism is first put forward to optimize the path parameter in each closed loop such that along tracking will not affect cross tracking in the subsequent time period. An extended line-of-sight (ELOS) guidance principle is then proposed by varying the look-ahead distance with the cross-track error such that sideslip in cross tracking can be promptly compensated through vehicle heading amendment. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, which perform better than the conventional line-of-sight (LOS) and integral LOS (ILOS) guidance laws.


New equivalent reformulations of generalized semi-infinite min-max programming (GSMMP) is derived by addressing the perturbed problem of the lower-level programming. Based on these, we obtain an exact penalty representations for the lower-level programming, which allows us to convert (GSSMP) into the standard semi-infinite programming problems (SMMP) via a class of exact penalty functions, including not only the function used in [9] but also some smooth exact penalty functions as special cases.This fact makes it possible to solve (GSMMP) by using any available standard semi-infinite optimization algorithms.


ABSTRACT This paper develops a theory of how democratic governance is possible. It analyses democracy as a laminated system consisting of three interdependent levels – the political/institutional, the social/interactional, and the psychological/intrapsychic – each of which is necessary for the others to exist. Each level is subject to a regulatory principle that is necessary for it to function appropriately. At the political/institutional level, competing political parties must be governed by the regulatory principle of 'loser's consent,' in which the losing party must agree to cede power to the winning party. At the social/interactional level individuals from opposing political parties must be governed by the regulatory principle of a superordinate identity as citizen, which allows them to transcend their partisan political identities. At the psychological/intrapsychic level individuals must be governed by the regulatory principle of mutuality/thirdness which allows the possibility of an alternative to the binary identities that result from the doer/done-to position.


The curricula reform on fundamental education advanced some new subjects for mathematics teaching curriculum.It was an important component of one's professional knowledge for a normal college student to study mathematics teaching curriculum.The reform would involve curriculum setting,update ideas about teaching contents,possess subject characters and backgrounds with situation,teaching situation setting,interacting fields among students and intensified teaching practice.


Electrorheological fluids offer potential for developing rapidly actuated hydraulic devices where shear forces or pressure-driven flow are present. In this study, the Bingham yield stress of electrorheological fluids with different particle volume fractions is investigated experimentally in wall-driven and pressure-driven flow modes using measurements in a parallel-plate rheometer and a microfluidic channel, respectively. A modified Krieger-Dougherty model can be used to describe the effects of the particle volume fraction on the yield stress and is in good agreement with the viscometric data. However, significant yield hardening in pressure-driven channel flow is observed and attributed to an increase and eventual saturation of the particle volume fraction in the channel. A phenomenological physical model linking the densification and consequent microstructure to the ratio of the particle aggregation time scale compared to the convective time scale is presented and used to predict the enhancement in yield stress in channel flow, enabling us to reconcile discrepancies in the literature between wall-driven and pressure-driven flows.


This letter to the editor disputes current media suggestion that a link exists between the launch of the Child Support Grant (CSG) and a rise in teenage fertility. The authors cite two reports with findings to the contrary and 2001 DHS data showing a decline in teenage fertility. The authors state "the fixation on teenage pregnancy and the CSG offers an unnecessary and counterproductive diversion from the real issues surrounding teenage fertility and pregnancy and that the debate also detracts attention from efforts to increase the proportion of eligible children who successfully access the grant allowing it to fulfil its intended purpose one of the positive associations of which is with increased school enrolment." (excerpt)


The utility model provides a hurdle for physical education, relates to sports teaching equipment and facility, and include railing A, railing B, last pillar, go up extension board, ascending device and base, ascending device include extension board, motor case, motor, gear, rack and extension board down, last extension board and be equipped with down the motor case between the extension board, motor incasement portion is equipped with the motor, the motor output shaft and gear connection, the in -process that is using, the assigned position is placed to the frame of will hurdling, it is rotatory through the controller control motor, the gear is driven by the motor, the gear band carry -over bar, the rack drives goes up the extension board, extension board upward movement on the messenger, the specified altitude assignment stops up to moving, make base transverse movement again, the assigned position moves equally, divide with railing B at colleague's railing A of transverse movement and open, be connected through telescopic link A and telescopic link B, guarantee its high inconvenience, can realize automatically regulated height and length through this device, it is more convenient to make the teaching, teaching effects is more obvious.


To accelerate development and improve the quality of car navigation systems, we have built a system for automatic generation of evaluation courses. In general, the operation of car navigation systems is verified by driving tests using vehicles. The evaluation courses need to be designed so that inspection sites, such as underground parking lots, tunnels, etc., will be visited during the evaluation period. They should be circuits that include as many inspection sites as possible within a defined distance. However, as the number of the inspection sites increases, the number of courses that can be designed becomes enormous. This makes it difficult to create courses that meet all of the requirements. Hence engineers have spent a lot of time on evaluation course design. For this reason, automatic course generation has become essential for reducing man-hours. We believe that one of the effective approaches is to treat automatic evaluation course generation as a combinatorial optimization problem. In our formulation, inspection sites are grouped into clusters according to the required number of courses, and the shortest circuit is constructed in each cluster.Then, we treat the clustering and shortest circuit generation problems separately as a bi-level combinatorial optimization problem. In other words, the original problem is divided into smaller parts of the combinatorial optimization problems. We then propose a Markov chain Monte Carlo method for solving the bi-level optimization problem, and construct a system for automatic generation of evaluation courses. The proposed method significantly reduces course-design time compared to manual course construction.


In this paper, we conduct a theoretical examination of a low-rank matrix single-index model. This model has recently been introduced in the field of biostatistics, but its theoretical properties for jointly estimating the link function and the coefficient matrix have not yet been fully explored. In this paper, we make use of the PAC-Bayesian bounds technique to provide a thorough theoretical understanding of the joint estimation of the link function and the coefficient matrix. This allows us to gain a deeper insight into the properties of this model and its potential applications in different fields.


Background. The purpose of this paper is to compare pharmacy students' perceived knowledge, beliefs, and responsibilities about health care outcomes at the beginning and end of the third professional year and to assess whether there were gender or age differences on these constructs. Methods. A survey instrument was developed and administered to third year pharmacy students for 5 consecutive academic years (from August 1996 to May 2001). The instrument's reliability and validity were examined; paired sample t tests and multivariate analysis of variance measures were used in the data analysis. Results. Across all 5 years, scores indicated that students' perceived knowledge, beliefs, and responsibilities about health care outcomes were more favorable at the end of the year as compared to the beginning of the year. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in responses based on gender or age. Conclusion. Incorporating information about health care outcomes into existing pharmacy courses seemed to be...


The invention relates to a detection mechanism for detecting the product height. A product required to be detected is placed on a carrier and positioned, and then, the position required to be detected is placed under a displacement sensor. An air cylinder conducts driving to push a sliding table plate to move along a sliding rail a through a piston rod under the action of sliding block fixing blocks, and therefore a movable block is driven to move. When the movable block is in contact with the product, the sliding block fixing blocks continue moving, meanwhile, the movable block can move reversely along a sliding rail b, when the sliding block fixing blocks are moved to the position with the zero point, the blocks stop, the reverse moving distance of the movable block can be detected through the displacement sensor, and the height value of the tested product can be displayed through a detection main module. The detection mechanism can detect a plurality of positions according to product design, the size is small, the structure is simple, the mechanism can be widely applied to the IT industry, and according to the mechanism, the production efficiency is greatly improved, cost is saved, and labor intensity of operators is reduced.


In this session, a panel of Federal Government installation managers will discuss current policy issues and their experiences in attempting to develop procedures and methods for administering their installations. These issues include providing for ADP services in a more efficient and effective manner from a user's point of view, from a utility standpoint, and from an accounting to users for ADP costs.


We report on the deposition of SiC-layers in a newly constructed high-temperature chemical vapor deposition system. With this system SiC-layers are deposited onto tape-casted SiC-ceramic substrates (10/spl times/10 cm/sup 2/) at deposition temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1450/spl deg/C to study the chemical stability, the smoothness, and the electrical resistivity of the SiC-layers. The SiC-layers have a resistivity of 1.6/spl times/10/sup 8/ /spl Omega/cm when boron doping is used to compensate unintended doping. This layer resistivity is sufficiently high to fabricate an integrated series connection on a conductive ceramic substrate.


"5·12" Wenchuan large earthquake has the characteristics of high seismic magnitude,strong destructive,and serious secondary geological hazard.Through the field geological investigations of geohazards in Tang Jiashan dammed lake(Beichuan to Yuli) before and after the earthquake,it was found that the amount of rockfall,landslide,debris flow changed into 7,51,10 from 5,3,0 separately after earthquake;geohazards development density and modulus changed into 1.35 and 104 from 0.26 per kilometer and 460 thousand m3/km.The effecting of slope failure induced by earthquake was quite significant.Based on the field geological investigations and subsection analysis,the following recognitions were obtained which induced:1) The distance to triggering seismic fault is shorter and geohazards devel opment density is higher,as far as Tang Jiashan dammed lake(Beichuan to Yuli) is con-cerned,the earthquake geohazards development strongly within limits of 3 km distance to the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault,middle development within limits from 3 km to 6 km,weakly development within limits from 6 km to 20 km,it that the distance beyond 20 km has not influence.2) The earthquake geohazards mainly development in oblique~bedding bank slope and the geohazards mainly are large and huge landslide,and river blocking up happens frequently;the earthquake geohazards are no development in the whole in oblique~conversing bank slope,and the geohazards mainly are rockfall which mostly occur at thin mountain ridge and steep terrain.3) The whole reactivation of large accumulation body induced by earthquake is mainly controlled by terrain gradient and micro morphologic unit.Terrain gradien beyond 40° and turning position from gentle slope to steep slope are sufficient conditions for that old landslide or accumulation body wholely or locally losing stability induced by earthquake.


RL doen't need prior knowledge, it can autonomously get optional policy with the knowledge obtained by trial-and-error and continuously interacting with dynamic environment. Its characteristics of self- improving and online learning make reinforcement learning become one of intelligent agent's core technologies. In this article, we firstly literature the model and theory of reinforcement learning. Then, we roundly present the main reinforcement learning algorithms, including Sarsa, temporal difference, Q-learning and function approximation. Finally, we briefly introduce some applications of reinforcement learning and point out some future research directions of reinforcement learning.


Adults of a new spionid polychaete, Rhynchospio nhatrangi, inhabit sandy tubes on muddy sand intertidal flats in an estuary of Nha Trang Bay, southern Vietnam. The worms are up to 8 mm long and 0.5 mm wide for 55 chaetigers. They are unique among spionids in the changes in the arrangement of hooks during ontogenesis: first development of tridentate hooks in neuropodia from chaetiger 10, later loss of hooks in chaetiger 10, and replacement of tridentate hooks by heavy unidentate hooks in neuropodia of chaetigers 11–14. Adults are simultaneous hermaphrodites having sperm in chaetigers 11–14 and oocytes from chaetiger 15 to 23–33. Spermatozoa are introsperm, about 300 µm long. Oocytes are about 120 µm in diameter, with a thin and smooth envelope. Fertilization and early larval development occur in a hatchery formed by elongated dorsal capillaries on the posterior chaetigers. Larvae escape from the hatchery probably when they have developed four chaetigers and then continue development in seawater, feeding on the plankton. When larvae have grown to 14–15 chaetigers, they likely undergo gradual metamorphosis and settle on the bottom. Metameric nuchal organs, glandular pouches in neuropodia, metanephridial segmental organs, hermaphroditism, sperm, and early larval morphology are described here for the first time for Rhynchospio species. An identification key is provided to eight currently recognized Rhynchospio species.


Polarimetric measurements provide additional information to aid in determining the geometric and physical properties of sub-surface targets. In this paper algorithms are derived to extract polarimetric target descriptors from a Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave Ground Penetrating Radar (SFCW GPR) data. The algorithm uses the multi-snapshot Matrix Pencil-of-function Method, to estimate the parameters of a fully polarimatric SFCW GPR model developed in this paper. The processing is applied to both simulated and laboratory measurements, and the results demonstrate the validity of this technique.


Must adapt the progressive request of the social personnel system change and social civilizations from the personnel file work,under the situation that the current our country personnel system of the high school takes place the important reform,adjust own work contents and the work method in time according to the circumstance for changing,this important direction of the personnel file work reform that should be the current high school.


Although viral vector‐mediated delivery of glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to the brain has considerable potential as a neuroprotective strategy in Parkinson's disease (PD), its ability to protect complex motor functions relevant to the human condition has yet to be established. In this study, we used an operant task that assesses the selection, initiation and execution of lateralized nose‐pokes in Lister Hooded rats to assess the efficacy with which complex behaviours are protected against neurotoxic lesions by prior injection of a lentiviral vector expressing GDNF. Unilateral injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) caused rats to attempt fewer trials and to make more procedural errors. Lesioned rats also developed a pronounced ipsilateral bias, with a corresponding drop in contralateral accuracy. They were also slower to react to contralateral stimuli and to execute movements bilaterally. Rats that were pre‐treated 4 weeks prior to lesion surgery with an equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) vector carrying GDNF [EIAV‐GDNF, injected into the striatum and above the substantia nigra (SN)] performed significantly better on all of these parameters than control rats. In addition to the operant task, EIAV‐GDNF successfully rescued contralateral impairments in the corridor, staircase, stepping and cylinder tasks, and prevented drug‐induced rotational asymmetry. This study confirms that GDNF can protect against 6‐OHDA‐induced impairments in complex as well as simple behaviours, and reinforces the use of EIAV‐based vectors for the treatment of PD.


Specifically binds to the B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and interleukin-17A (IL-17), as having high affinity and potent neutralizing properties for both BAFF and IL-17 two characterized bispecific antibodies are provided. Bispecific antibodies of the present invention, lupus nephritis (LN), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (Ps), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PA), nuclear power plant sex Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), or is believed to be useful in treating multiple myeloma and (MM). .BACKGROUND


Immunobiology of vasculitis Background The interaction between primed neutrophils and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) releases factors that activate the alternative complement pathway, initiating an amplification loop that is thought to sustain necrotizing inflammation during flares of AAV.1 Avacopan (CCX168), a selective, orally available, small molecule C5aR1 antagonist, was associated with rapid clinical benefit in the Phase 2 CLEAR trial in patients with AAV,2 indicating that therapeutic intervention in this pathogenic process can be accomplished by inhibiting the C5aR1-dependent cellular response to C5a, without broad inhibition of upstream complement functions important to host defense. Objectives The present study was designed to1 confirm the reported elevated levels of complement activation products in AAV,2 demonstrate that inhibiting cellular (e.g. neutrophil) activation by C5a with avacopan is effective in AAV while preserving upstream functions of complement, and3 compare effects of avacopan to those of high dose prednisone. Methods The CLEAR trial compared 3 regimens in 67 patients with AAV:1 full dose prednisone (60 mg daily, tapered);2 avacopan 30 mg twice daily plus low dose prednisone (20 mg, tapered);3 avacopan 30 mg twice daily plus no prednisone. All also received either cyclophosphamide or rituximab. Bb, C3a, C5a, sC5b-9 and properdin were analysed by ELISA in plasma collected at baseline and at intervals in AAV patients, and in 20 healthy controls matched for age, gender and ethnic background. Paired t-test was used for within group comparison and unpaired t-test was used for between group comparisons using log transformed data. P-values were corrected for multiple comparisons. Results Before treatment, levels of C3a, C5a, sC5b-9 and properdin were significantly elevated in AAV patients compared to matched healthy controls (geomean [95%], C3a, 67.2 [57.5–78.7] vs 23.2 [16.9–31.9] ng/mL, p<0.001; C5a, 7.55 [6.50–8.78] vs 5.19 [3.87–6.95] ng/mL, p<0.05; sC5b-9, 241(222–262) vs 155(136–178) ng/mL, p<0.001; Properdin, 18.4 [16.9–20.0] vs 13.1 [11.4–15.6] µg/mL, p<0.001). In subjects treated with full dose prednisone, levels of Bb, C3a, and C5a decreased significantly on Day 8 and 29 rising again at day 85, coincident with tapering. Consistent with its mode of action (inhibition of C5aR1, the receptor at the terminus of the complement cascade), avacopan did not impact circulating complement levels. There were no changes from baseline in mean plasma sC5b-9 or properdin levels in any treatment group. Conclusions Avacopan was associated with rapid improvement in AAV disease activity without apparent impact on assembly of C5b-9 (the membrane attack complex) or upstream activities of the complement system important for host defense (e.g. bacterial infections) and tissue repair. In contrast, glucocorticoids were associated with dose-dependent reduction of circulating levels of upstream complement activation products. References [1] Xiao H, et al. Am J Pathol2007;170:52. [2] Jayne DRW, et al. JASN2017;28:2756. Disclosure of Interest D. Bunch: None declared, J. Deng Shareholder of: Shareholder of Chemocentryx, Employee of: Employee of Chemocentryx, E. McInnis: None declared, P. Bekker: None declared, J. Hillson: None declared, T. Schall: None declared, C. Jennette: None declared, P. Nachman: None declared, J. Deng: None declared


Summary A skin-test for determining the potency of diluted tuberculin is described. It can be used to accurately standardize tuberculin ready diluted to the 1-10,000 level. With this method the results are accurate within 20%, consequently a diluted tuberculin which is but 80% of the original strength can be detected with little difficulty. The method is inexpensive since discarded animals can be used without altering the sensitivity of the test. The lower limit of accuracy seems to be well within the limit of error of routine human group-testing.


Since Altounyan ( i ) 1967 found that inhalation of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) was capable of preventing allergenprovoked attacks in asthmatics, several double-blind triels have demonstrated significant effect of DSCG compared to placebo in the treatment of asthmatic patients (4, 7). It was therefore natural to examine the effect of the substance on similar processes in nasal mucosa. A protective effect of DSCG on allergen provocations of the nasal mucosa was demonstrated by Engstrom (3) and by Taylor & Shivalkar (g). In double-blind trials DSCG has been found to have an effect on seasonal rhinitis (5, 9), but not all studies confirm that DSCG is significantly better than placebo (8). Recently DSCG has also been found to have effect on perennial rhinitis {6, 10).


This paper intends to provide scientific proof and principle for the examination and evaluation of actual effects of ideological education for college students by the theoretical study of its connotation, features, function, evaluation principle, and evaluation index. This helps overcome the lack of quantity regulations for actual effects of ideological education for college students so as to improve the effects of ideological education for college students and increase people抯 understanding about the importance of ideological education for college students.


Stars'privacy has repeatedly been wantonly reported,which is an indisputable fact.Stars as public figures, and their privacy protection issues,academics and the news once again become a topic of concern to the industry.Priva- cy is a citizen's(natural)important personal rights.Although for this special group of public figures,many of their per- sonal business should be restricted because of the public interest and their close links,public figures as natural persons, also justify their privacy should be protected by law.In this paper,we try to analyze and study the protection of the pri- vacy of public figures by talking about the star entertainment news reports of privacy figures.


For the research on deformation regularity of self-weight collapse loess with heavy section,a diameter 40m soaking test was carried out in a site of collapse loess with 36.5m depth.The test indicated that diurnal water consumption of soaking test appeared as the basic regularity which increased quickly in the beginning,then increased moderately,and lastly stabilized.Total collapse and collapse rate of ground and deep level observing point presented the same regularity.The deformation regularity of self weight collapse loess with heavy section could be divided into the soaking period of four change stages and the stopping water period of two change stages.


The application of an iterative method based on the wave concept to model planar circuits using a multiscale grid is investigated. The novelty of this method consists in substituting selected coarse meshes by their equivalent surface impedances. This approach offers high spatial- resolution with low computing resources, and results are presented to demonstrate its efficiency.


Simple Summary Research on plant epigenetics aims to understand how endogenous, biotic, and abiotic factors regulate plant development and growth independent of changes in the genome sequence. Often, the epigenetic changes are heritable across generations and modulate plant growth and crop tolerance, particularly in response to environmental stimuli. To take advantage of epigenetic adaptation, recent research has focused on implementing targeted epigenetic diversity to engineer plants that harbour advantageous traits for optimal crop production. Epigenetics has the potential to provide a powerful toolbox for crop breeders; however, most mechanistic studies are based on information from model plant species due to the challenges that arise when working with crops. Here, we summarise the contribution of epigenetics to optimising crop adaptation in response to climate change and overview potential future applications as well as challenges. Abstract Epigenetics has emerged as an important research field for crop improvement under the on-going climatic changes. Heritable epigenetic changes can arise independently of DNA sequence alterations and have been associated with altered gene expression and transmitted phenotypic variation. By modulating plant development and physiological responses to environmental conditions, epigenetic diversity—naturally, genetically, chemically, or environmentally induced—can help optimise crop traits in an era challenged by global climate change. Beyond DNA sequence variation, the epigenetic modifications may contribute to breeding by providing useful markers and allowing the use of epigenome diversity to predict plant performance and increase final crop production. Given the difficulties in transferring the knowledge of the epigenetic mechanisms from model plants to crops, various strategies have emerged. Among those strategies are modelling frameworks dedicated to predicting epigenetically controlled-adaptive traits, the use of epigenetics for in vitro regeneration to accelerate crop breeding, and changes of specific epigenetic marks that modulate gene expression of traits of interest. The key challenge that agriculture faces in the 21st century is to increase crop production by speeding up the breeding of resilient crop species. Therefore, epigenetics provides fundamental molecular information with potential direct applications in crop enhancement, tolerance, and adaptation within the context of climate change.


A vision system of space robot can not observe a whole feature image of a large non-cooperative target to measure the relative position and attitude. To overcome this problem,apoint structured light vision system composed by apoint structured light and a single camera was established to determine the relative pose. An unknown size partial rectangular framework of the target was chosen as the measurement object.Firstly,the measurement model of the point structured light vision system was built and the relationships were presented.Secondly,according to the intrinsic constraint of the point structured light vision system,a whole feature was reconstructed and four feature points were calculated.Thirdly,the relative transform matrix between the measurement system and the target was computed by the four feature points.And the relative position and attitude was derived from the transform matrix.Finally,numerical simulations were studied to verify the method and the measurement errors were analysed.The results show that this method is effective.


This article demonstrates the success of a bicultural training program in helping new graduates successfully integrate the transition from student to staff nurse. It describes how to implement this program and how to train 'trainers' for it. Results based on turnover rates and cost-effectiveness verify its usefulness.


The offspring of maternal cocaine misusers is known to produce general somatic growth retardation in humans. It was therefore hypothesized that such exposure in animals would also cause effects on the growth and morphological structure of the brain. This was investigated by administering rats a daily intraperitoneal injection of either cocaine (40 mg/kg/day) or isotonic saline between days 16 and 21 of pregnancy. At birth the pups born to these mothers were fostered to other normal dams that had given birth on the same day, but had had their own pups removed. The pups born to the cocaine-treated rats were given daily intraperitoneal injections of cocaine (40 mg/kg/day) from birth till 6 postnatal days of age. Control pups were given daily injections of isotonic saline for the same period. Samples of the cocaine-exposed and control pups were anaesthetized and killed by perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 m phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 22 and 150 postnatal days of age. Stereological procedures (the Cavalieri principle together with the physical disector method) were utilized to estimate the total number of CA1 + CA2 + CA3 hippocampal pyramidal cells. At 22 days of age the control offspring had about 373 000 pyramidal cells whereas the cocaine-treated animals only had about 310 000 cells. By 150 days of age the values for the control and cocaine-treated animals were about 396 000 and 349 000, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance procedures showed significant group effects but no significant age or group–age interaction effects. These results show that even moderate exposure to cocaine during the late gestation and early postnatal period in rats is a potent teratogen and can markedly influence the development of neurons in the hippocampal formation.


Vapour phase formaldehyde was measured at Dayalbagh, a suburban site in Agra (N=95). The mean concentration of formaldehyde for the entire data set was 1.4 ± .2 ppbv. Formaldehyde mean concentrations were compared with those measured at Hariparvat, a commercial site and Gopalpura, a rural site. Values obtained were 0.9 ± 0.5 and 2.5 ± 1. 1 ppbv respectively. Diurnal studies at Dayalbagh showed elevated levels of HCHO between 3 and 7 p.m., possibly due to an increase in production from O 3 -olefin reactions, reactions of OH radicals with hydrocarbons and direct anthropogenic emissions. Low levels at night were attributed to reduced rates of formaldehyde production, deposition on vegetation and reaction with the NO 3 radical.


Compartment syndrome is a medical emergency. The consequences of this condition can be devastating. Ignoring this disease can result in acute muscle necrosis, nerve damage, life-long disability or loss of limb (1, 2). Compartment syndrome is defi ned as a condition of elevated intermuscular compartment pressure that is greater than the diastolic blood pressure, resulting in decreased perfusion to the compartment. The most common area of presentation is the lower extremity, below the knee (3, 4). Typically, this condition is associated with trauma in the foot, especially after fracturing multiple metatarsal bones. The trauma generally associated with compartment syndrome in the leg, is a fracture of the tibial bone (1, 5, 6). Regardless of etiology, it is imperative to recognize the condition as early as possible to avoid complications. This is a unique case of compartment syndrome that presented without any obvious trauma to the right lower extremity. Statins are a very popular class of drugs taken long-term and used to lower high cholesterol. A well-documented serious side effect of these medications is rhabdomyolysis, nontraumatic breakdown and bleeding in muscle tissue. This can produce a nontraumatic, acute compartment syndrome with elevated compartment pressures. Our patient developed elevated superfi cial posterior compartment pressures following an acute episode of rhabdomyositis that compromised the patient's medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. This injury bled into the superfi cial posterior compartment of the right lower extremity, becoming a very painful hematoma. The elevated compartment pressures required an emergency superfi cial posterior fasciotomy and evacuation of the hematoma. CASE PRESENTATION


The United Nations Organization (UNO) has done tremendous work on the issue of environmental activities in the different aspect concerning conservation, sustainability, management, protection and control and the overall impact on the world economy. This study empirically examines the effect of environmental cost disclosure and financial performance measures of quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Time series data were collected from annual financial reporting and economic review of Central Bank of Nigeria; Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation and multiple linear regression analysis with the aid of special package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. The econometric results reviewed adequate disclosure on environmental cost, compliance to corporate environmental regulations have positive significant effect on financial performance measures. Thus the study recommended regulatory enforcement for adequate environmental cost disclosure and proper reporting. Management of oil and gas companies in Nigeria should develop a wellarticulated environmental costing system in order to guarantee a conflict free corporate atmosphere for improved corporate performance.


Power for the European Union poses a new challenge of rebuilding its structure, increase security of supply, to take account of environmental requirements and to ensure the lowest possible prices for consumers. The future belongs to the distributed energy sources based on conventional and renewable and small nuclear energy. And a necessary prerequisite is to build a "intelligent grid" transmission and distribution lines ("Smart Grids").


A new ultra-wideband antenna with enhanced and nearly constant gain is presented. This quasi-planar antenna is composed of a CPW-fed printed monopole and a short horn, both made out of a single substrate. The measurements demonstrate an almost ∞at peak gain of 5:5dBi § 0:7dB from 2.5GHz to 15GHz with the average gain difierence in XZ plane is roughly 2dB up to 8GHz, which further rise to 6dB at 10GHz. The antenna also has a nearly linear phase response in this band. Well tested performance both in frequency and time domains, along with broad azimuth pattern, results in minimal ringing of a radiated pulse. The new antenna is suitable for establishing good line of sight link for UWB transmission and other broadband applications.


Indium tin oxide films have been grown by rf sputtering at various Ar‐O2 mixtures, at low substrate temperatures (200 °C), and deposition rates (25 A/min), followed by post deposition annealing (at 350 °C) in different ambients (O2, N2, and cracked ammonia). Influence of a reactive gas (oxygen) on the sputtering rate of a metallic (indium/tin) alloy target has been investigated. Growth parameters and annealing conditions have been optimized. The films were characterized by electron and x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmittance as a function of wavelength. The effect of heat treatment in various environments on the structural, electrical, and optical properties has been investigated. Effect of a new annealing ambient, cracked ammonia (reducing atmosphere), on the reactively sputtered oxide films is being reported for the first time. Cracked ammonia was found to be very effective and cheap and resulted in films of high quality (electrical and optical) with good structural properties...


member of the garnet family, almandine, was described (Cook 2009). Garnet forms under a wide range of geologic conditions and bulk compositions, resulting in its being one of the most locally abundant group of rock-forming minerals and certainly one of the most popular with collectors. In addition, the pleasing array of orange and red hues of both almandine and the closely related species spessartine have made them a historically important and relatively inexpensive gem material. Consequently, for completeness of our coverage of the garnet-group minerals, and in keeping with the gemstone theme of this year's Tucson Gem and Mineral Show, spessartine has been chosen as this issue's Connoisseur's Choice mineral. To this end, a fine spessartine specimen from Marienfluss, northern Namibia, has been chosen. Spessartine, because of its compositional variability, occurs in a wide array of colors that range from almost black through various shades of brown, yellow, orange, and red; almost pure end-member spessartine is bright orange. It is typically transparent to translucent and has a vitreous to resinous luster. It has no cleavage but may exhibit parting on {110}. It is hard (7–7.5) and brittle, with an uneven to conchoidal fracture. The calculated density for the pure mineral is 4.179. Spessartine is cubic (4/m32/m) and is often seen in well-formed dodecahedral or trapezohedral crystals, or a combination of both. Individual crystals to 10 cm and weighing several kilograms have been reported. Some crystals appear to have been severely etched, resulting in irregularly shaped masses bounded by sharp, stepped {110} faces. Spessartine is one of fifteen minerals in the garnet group, each member of which is defined by its end-member chemical composition. The end-member spessartine composition is manganese aluminum silicate, Mn 3 Al 2 (SiO 4 ) 3 . However, crystals approaching "pure" or end-member spessartine are rare in nature, as essentially all analyses show at least some magnesium, calcium, and iron. It forms a complete solid-solution series with almandine. Many unanalyzed garnets are only provisionally named based on assumptions keyed to their mode of occurrence, accompanying minerals, and color. When compositions are determined analytically, however, the formula can be calculated and its chemistry expressed in molecular percentages of particular end members. We name the garnet according to the dominant end member. For example, a content determined to be Sp 61 Alm 31 Pyr 8 (spessartine 61%, almandine 31%, and pyrope 8%) represents a spessartine garnet, as that is the dominant component; this example is from Leiper's quarry at Springfield, Delaware County, Pennsylvania (Peters 1984). When the spessartine and almandine components are present in nearly equal amounts, both names are often used (almandine-spessartine), and in fact it is not unusual for garnets from a single location to be slightly dominated by either component from one specimen to another. To further complicate matters, concentric compositional growth zoning within individual garnet crystals is common, so more than one species may be present in an individual crystal. For ROBERT B. COOK Department of Geology and Geography Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 36849 email@example.com


To the Editor I want to congratulate Shimizu and colleagues for their important contribution on the reduction in radiation exposure that can be achieved by switching the fluoroscopy pulse rate from 7.5 to 4 pulses/second during carotid artery stenting procedures. Low pulse rate fluoroscopy is one the simplest, most easily implemented, and most cost-effective method angiographers can use to decrease radiation exposure to endovascular teams and their patients. It is therefore disconcerting that high pulse rate fluoroscopy remains widely used for diagnostic angiography in adults and—more distressingly—in children. I had the privilege to learn neuroangiography in the 1990s in Geneva, Switzerland, from an exceptional physician, who—besides being equipped with unmatched technical skills—paid utmost attention to radiation protection. During my training years, using 7.5 pulses/second for a cerebral angiogram was not an option. This education has served me well for the last 23 years. I conduct all diagnostic and interventional neuroangiographic procedures, including intracranial and spinal microwire/microcatheter manipulations, at a rate of 3 pulses/second, with two exceptions: N-butyl cyanoacrylate is injected under a negative roadmap technique at 7.5 pulses/ second while diagnostic selective spinal angiograms are performed at 2 pulses/second. Transmitting this practice to our fellows has been seamless: rather than feeling disadvantaged when using low pulse rates, most of them become dizzy—like I do—when the pulse rate is mistakenly set at 7.5 pulses/second. Angiographers should also keep in mind that decreasing the dose per pulse is another powerful method to limit radiation exposure from fluoroscopy. I occasionally question colleagues about their attraction for high fluoroscopy pulse rates. The answer is generally a classic "because that's how I was trained" or "because the image looks better". Some acknowledge that a lack of education in medical physics or radioprotection prevents them to consider the impact radiation may have on themselves or their patients. While none ever raised safety concerns, the belief that higher pulse rates are safer could represent an obstacle to the adoption of low dose protocols. Shimizu and colleagues showed that reducing the fluoroscopy pulse rate during a commonly performed procedure did not impact safety. This is an important step, which I hope will stimulate further investigations about the role radioprotective techniques can play in fostering a safer environment for neuroangiography teams and their patients.


The energy management strategy (EMS) and control algorithm of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) directly determine its energy efficiency, control effect, and system reliability. For a certain configuration of an HEV powertrain, the challenge is to develop an efficient EMS and an appropriate control algorithm to satisfy a variety of development objectives while not reducing vehicle performance. In this research, a comprehensive, multi-level classification for HEVs is introduced in detail from the aspects of the degree of hybridization (DoH), the position of the motor, the components and configurations of the powertrain, and whether or not the HEV is charged by external power. The principle and research status of EMSs for each type of HEV are summarized and reviewed. Additionally, the EMSs and control algorithms of HEVs are compared and analyzed from the perspectives of characteristics, applications, real-time abilities, and historical development. Finally, some discussions about potential directions and challenges for future research on the energy management systems of HEVs are presented. This review is expected to bring contribution to the development of efficient, intelligent, and advanced EMSs for future HEV energy management systems.


This article reports on the results obtained in an investigation on the application of biodegradable polymeric materials in the agricultural practice of mulching. Particular attention has been devoted to the effect of biobased mulching films generated in situ by low-pressure spraying of polymeric water dispersions on the various cultivars. In a field trial, the effectiveness of the hydromulching (liquid-mulching) technique was assessed by the monitoring of the growth and yield of lettuce and corn, which were used as reference plants. Conventional plastic films and straw mulching (SM) were compared with liquid-mulching treatments based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and natural fillers derived from agroindustrial wastes (sugar cane bagasse, wheat flour, saw dust, and wheat straw). An improvement of the biomass yield of the two selected plants with respect to conventional polyethylene mulching was attained in various liquid-mulching formulations with positive effects on the maintenance of soil structure. Alternative fluid-mulching treatments based on biodegradable components were effective in preserving soil aggregates and improving some crop growth parameters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


During the industrialization and economic period, urban growth supplied housing to rapidly expanding urban populations. It also focused on providing the necessary places for activities such as business, commerce, and industry. However, the expansion of the city has been in decline due to the economic and industrial downturn in the region, the decline in population, and the deterioration of the residential environment. The recent decline of the Korean cities is also happening quickly. Urban regeneration is to revitalize cities that have declined due to changes in the industrial structure, such as by adding new functions. It has occurred mainly in developed country cities that have been devastated by war since World War II. Recently, in Korea, urban regeneration is emerging as a core task in the field of land transportation to solve the urban decline phenomenon. However, there is a lack of research on the spatial changes and decline of urban decline until it is designated as urban regeneration area. Therefore, in this study, we will grasp the spatial change centered on the city regeneration area in Seoul among the urban regeneration areas. In addition, this study will be used as basic data for the urban regeneration project plan that matches the characteristics of the region.


Introduction. The imbalance of macroelements in the soft low-mineralized drinking water of the Primorsky Territory water supply systems can be a risk factor for developing many somatic diseases in the population.  Aim: hygienic identification of the mineral composition components of drinking water, posing a risk factor for urolithiasis in children, adolescent, and adult populations over a 25-year follow-up period. Methods include identification of formal statistical relationships between mean annual content of iron, silicon, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium, total hardness in drinking water (534 water pipes and 1929 wells), and incidence of urolithiasis in the population (34 administrative areas) by rank correlation analysis, identification cause-effect relations on medical-statistical and hygienic criteria, assessment of the geographical distribution of the attributive risk of urolithiasis at the population level.  Results. The relation "cause-effect" has been established between the paired ratio of calcium and magnesium in drinking water and incidence of urolithiasis in adults, adolescents, and children. Increased concentrations of silicon, manganese, and iron in drinking water do not affect the studied incidence level. The maximum risk of urolithiasis in the population is mainly located in the North and East of the Primorsky Territory. Conclusions. An imbalance of calcium and magnesium against a background of magnesium deficiency in tap and well water is the priority risk factor of aquatic origin for urolithiasis in the Primorsky Territory; the features of the geographical distribution of the immediate risk of urolithiasis among the population make it possible to form a scientifically based plan for the sequence of implementation of primary prevention measures for this disease in the region.


: This article discusses the essence of cognitive activity and related concepts, the components of cognitive activity, as well as the approaches of researchers in this regard.


We present the results of a set of model atmospheres and synthetic spectra computed with the PHOENIX code. The models cover a range of effective temperatures 2700 K <= T_eff <= 10 000 K, gravities (-0.5 <= log(g)<= 5.5) and metalicities (-4.0 <= [Z/H] <= +0.5). In addition, variations of alpha elements are considered for each metalicity. The models are computed with a homogeneous set of input data in order to allow for direct relative comparison between the models. For example, all models use a mixing length of l/H_p = 2.0. We provide synthetic spectra with a resolution of 0.2 nm from the UV to the infrared for all models. We give a brief overview of the input physics and show illustrative results. All synthetic spectra are available via ftp: ftp.hs.uni-hamburg.de/pub/outgoing/phoenix/GAIA


Lightboard technology has only been around since 2013, but has already shown up on numerous campuses worldwide. There is a dearth of research related to lightboard videos, so there is a need to systematically explore its potential and best practices. This paper explores the pedagogical potential of lightboards for higher education through theoretical analysis and relevant literature evidence. Using relevant theoretical frameworks, including Cognitive Load Theory, Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, and Social Learning Theory, we argue that the lightboard technology may improve student achievement and learning engagement, since it displays an onscreen instructor, who has the possibility to utilize gestures. Papers that compared videos with and without onscreen instructors, as well as gesturing and no gesturing cases, are reviewed in terms of the impact on learning outcomes, cognitive load, and engagement and/or social aspects. The relevant literature did not, however, provide clear insight about the benefits that a lightboard video would provide. Therefore, we advocate for further empirical research directly studying lightboard videos. Relevant questions and directions for future research are identified.


To the Editor: Noonan-like/multiple giant-cell lesion syndrome (NLS; MIM 163955) is a rare autosomal dominant condition (1), which is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, short stature, giant-cell lesions of bones, joints, and/or soft tissues, and pulmonary stenosis as the main heart defect. Once thought to be a separate entity, it is now considered a variant of the Noonan syndrome (NS) spectrum, which includes NS, NLS, and LEOPARD syndrome (LS) (2, 3). Mutations in PTPN11 can cause NLS and account for the majority of NS and LS cases (2, 4, 5). Giant-cell lesions in NLS are frequently found in jaws. Therefore, patients with mild NLS characteristics can be misdiagnosed with cherubism (MIM 118400). Bone lesions in cherubism are always symmetrical and restricted to the maxilla and mandible. Histopathologically, the lesions are indistinguishable (6, 7). Recently, a mutation in PTPN11 (N308S substitution) has been found in patients with NLS (2) who exhibited multiple giant-cell lesions in the maxilla and/or mandible. PTPN11 codes for the non – receptor-type protein phosphatase SHP-2. The cherubism gene SH3BP2 codes for an adapter protein involved in Band T-cell signal transduction (6, 8). We received blood or genomic DNA from eight patients which had been diagnosed with suspected cherubism. We screened their DNA for mutations in SH3BP2 and found known SH3BP2 mutations in one familial and two sporadic cases (data not shown). Patients who tested negative for SH3BP2mutations were screened for mutations in the PTPN11 gene. Primers for amplifying and sequencing coding exons for SH3BP2 (6) and PTPN11 were designed in flanking introns. Among the five patients who were negative for SH3BP2 mutations, we found two mutations in PTPN11, which had been previously described for NS (2). The mutation in patient A was a 317 A>C transversion (D106A) in exon 3. The parents of patient A were negative for the PTPN11mutation. Patient B had an 853 T>C transition (F285L) in exon 7. After submission of this manuscript, the same D106A and F285L mutations were described in NLS patients by another group (7), which confirms the significance of our findings. Re-examination of the 13-year-old Hispanic female patient A confirmed the diagnosis of NLS (Table 1).Apparently healthy at birth, shewasdiagnosed with atrial septal defects and pulmonic stenosis later during childhood. At the age of 6 years, she was diagnosed with cherubism. No chromosomal


Introduction That war exists, has always existed, might be the fact that has caused humanity the most despair. From the Bible to Trajan's column, from War and Peace to Guernica, war has been painted, recounted, sculpted, dramatized. The arts have historically served as the polished shield of Perseus, allowing us enough remove that we might look into the horrifying face of the gorgon of war. When war is too terrible to take in, we turn to the expressive arts. When we can't find a way to handle the horrific-ness of the Holocaust, we might be able to take in something like the cinematically compelling Schindler's List or perhaps Art Spiegelman's Maus, where the perpetrators are cats and pigs, the victims of that horror, mice.


The system combines CAD and welding techniques, the welding CCT diagrams are made into drawing blocks at the platform of AutoCAD. Important data of welding CCT are made into database, they are transferred and managed by Access2000. Based on Active Automation techniques using Visual Basic 6.0, AutoCAD diagram base are transferred and data of welding CCT can be inquired and dynamically added.The system has realized the prediction of welding structure and properties and the optimization of welding technology.


This study was undertaken at XYZ University, one of the six publicly-funded universities in Hong Kong, a region of China where English is a second or third language but is the medium of tertiary education. The vast majority of XYZ University students come from Chinese Medium of Instruction (CMI) secondary schools, and have low levels of spoken and/or written English. Recent changes in the Hong Kong education structure have meant that from the 2012-13 academic year, students come to university a year earlier than in the past, receiving one year more in tertiary education and one year less in secondary. The Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) introduced a new school leaving exam, the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE), which is now largely used to decide which students will be offered university places. The 2012 English language component of this exam was benchmarked against the IELTS, resulting in a HKDSE level 3 becoming the minimum passing score. Through an indirect process of alignment, this HKDSE level was predicted to equate with an IELTS score range of 5.48-5.68, which itself is indirectly aligned by Cambridge Assessment with a CEFR level around a low B2. See Figure 1, an extract from the IELTS website detailing this alignment. This is also the minimum English language entry standard for XYZ University.


A helical compression spring being an important part of the vehicle suspension system absorbs energy and shocks that are received by the wheel from road irregularities. Helical compression spring in a suspension system supports the loading effect on the system. It is subjected to different influences of stress and fatigue. The four springs; one at each wheel of vehicle, are subjected to road conditions and driving movements. it is necessity to check the stress, factor of safety and fatigue strength of spring and other parts of the suspension system. The fatigue life of the helical compression spring is significantly affected by physical and chemical properties of the materials that make each component of the vehicle suspension system. The main purpose of this work is focus on the fatigue life of spring used in light vehicle suspension spring with different materials. Results obtained using analytical procedures are compared with those obtained using FEA. From estimation of fatigue life of Chrome Vanadium, Chrome Silicon and Hard Drawn alloy steel spring FEA approach gives fatigue life are 9x 106, 5.0108x107 and 1.484x103 cycles respectively.


Religions have been known to shape human life since the day when mankind appeared on the stage of history. Beliefs built upon religions have played an important role in the emergence of temples, grave monuments and numerous handicraft products. All these emergent elements constitutes one of the important factors of the identities of societies. Throughout history, human beings have hoped for help from many things, spiritually and physically, in order to heal. From past to present, people have sought mainly two ways for healing. One of them is the medical path, while the other is the religion which is observed in every society as a common symptom of all societies and the sacred books which subsist within this framework. Healing bowls developed based on religion had been used by people to satisfy the need for healing in two different ways. One of them is for getting rid of the diseases of the body and the other is for recovering from mental problems. Healing bowls are an important group of ethnographic works in the transfer of belief traditions, which became an important part of Anatolian culture with the acceptance of Islam by the Turks, to the present day. In this context, by examining a group of bowl in Malatya Beşkonaklar Ethnography Museum which forms the basis of the present study, the art practices were tried to be examined with the understanding of healing quest based on the belief traditions of the period they belonged to.


It is generally thought that protecting investors from act of expropriations by management, either in the form of looting or unfair self-dealing, or in the form of exploitation of management's inside information in trading securities, is a precondition to the optimal development of public securities markets. The regulation of insider trading, while controversial, is thus a subject of public imperatives. Following the regulation of insider trading in the U.S., the notion of insider trading has been widely introduced to many other jurisdictions, including China. Certainly, the mere existence of insider trading regulation is not sufficient to assure optimal securities market development; enforcement of insider trading regulation is the key. Recent scholarship concludes that the enforcement of insider trading laws has a strong impact on the cost of capital, whereas passing insider trading laws without enforcing them does not have this effect. This paper will principally address the issue of enforcement of insider trading regulation in the People's Republic of China. In doing so, the author frequently refers to the U.S. experience for two reasons: firstly, the U.S. was the first jurisdiction to enact insider trading regulation and today the U.S. continues to lead the world in the regulation and enforcement. The U.S. experience has been largely viewed as the "gold standard" for many emerging markets. Secondly, the U.S. insider trading regulation has served as a core influence on China's regulatory framework. When the stock markets were established in China in the early 1990s, the regulation primarily imitated the U.S. experience. Rather than developing a costly new regime, China may study how to enhance effective enforcement of existing regulations and may enjoy the learning advantage by adopting the best practices from the U.S. to avoid major pitfalls.


As the development of the times and scientific progress, people's material culture has been enhanced. We pay attention to not only the material pursuing but also spiritual enjoyment. However, Alzheimer's disease affects the quality of late-life significantly. Congnitive disorder is one clinical symptom of Alzheimer's disease, which influences people's later life the most. β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, nerve vascular dysfunction, abnormal cell cycle, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial disorder may be the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The inflammation of Alzheimer's disease can be caused by the nervous lesions that are generated by the inflammatory mediator released by activated neurogliocyte around Aβ. High mobility group-B1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) are closely related to the inflammation. It may also promote the progresses of Alzheimer's disease, if HMGB1 is combined with RAGE. This review aims to elaborate the relationship between HMGB1/RAGE and Alzheimer's disease.

Key words:
High mobility group proteins/ME; Glycosylation end products, advanced/ME; Alzheimer disease/ME; Review


The Vienna Development Method (VDM) is a formal method that supports modeling and analysis of software systems at various levels of abstractions. For a model specified by the VDM specification language (VDM-SL), the correctness of the model relies on discharging the proof obligations (POs), especially in the case of implicit specifications. In this paper, we propose an approach that encodes and discharges POs of VDM-SL models using SMT solvers. More specifically, POs generated by the Overture tool are encoded and discharged in the Z3 SMT solver. Our case studies showed that the approach can discharge significant part of proof obligations of a VDM-SL model efficiently.


Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetically transmitted tooth enamel malformation that may affect both primary and permanent dentition. It is of a hereditary nature and is limited to the tooth enamel structure, without the presence of other apparent systemic compromise. The authors' purpose in the present article is to describe the clinical case of a patient with severe amelogenesis imperfecta treated facial orthopedics and esthetic reconstruction of the teeth. The results achieved on conclusion of treatment were the correction of the patient's maxillary atresia and improvement of dental and facial esthetics, providing the patient with greater social and psychological benefits.


Let α be an admissible ordinal, and let (α) denote the lattice of α-r.e. sets, ordered by set inclusion. An α-r.e. set A is α*-finite if it is α-finite and has ordertype less than α* (the Σ1 projectum of α). An a-r.e. set S is simple if (the complement of S) is not α*-finite, but all the α-r.e. subsets of are α*-finite. Fixing a first-order language ℒ suitable for lattice theory (see [2, §1] for such a language), and noting that the α*-finite sets are exactly those elements of (α), all of whose α-r.e. subsets have complements in (α) (see [4, p. 356]), we see that the class of simple α-r.e. sets is definable in ℒ over (α). In [4, §6, (Q22)], we asked whether an admissible ordinal α exists for which all simple α-r.e. sets have the same 1-type. We were particularly interested in this question for α = ℵ1 L (L is Gödel's universe of constructible sets). We will show that for all α which are regular cardinals of L (ℵ1 L is, of course, such an α), there are simple α-r.e. sets with different 1-types. The sentence exhibited which differentiates between simple α-r.e. sets is not the first one which comes to mind. Using α = ω for intuition, one would expect any of the sentences "S is a maximal α-r.e. set", "S is an r-maximal α-r.e. set", or "S is a hyperhypersimple α-r.e. set" to differentiate between simple α-r.e. sets. However, if α > ω is a regular cardinal of L, there are no maximal, r-maximal, or hyperhypersimple α-r.e. sets (see [4, Theorem 4.11], [5, Theorem 5.1] and [1,Theorem 5.21] respectively). But another theorem of (ω) points the way.


Based on the theories and methodologoies of vegetation ecology and restoration ecology, this study makes a survey from the perspective of community studies. It is conducted in the shrub stage community of the natural vegetation recovery proceee at Sloping-land with Purple Soils in Hengyang, where 1hm2 plot with 400 contiguous grid quadrats (5 m×5 m) was designed. The spatial pattern of main populations of natural recovery shrub stage community were measured with the help of 6 indexes, such as clump index, index of mean crowing, index of patching, Green′s index, the clumping intensity index, Cassie′s index and variance/mean ratio method as well as. All the spatial pattern of the main populations of the shrub community was clumpy. The results reveal that the distribution of the populations was influenced mainly by their biological and ecological characteristics. In addition, competition among the species would affect the distribution pattern of the populations. With the progress of restoration, the clumping intensity would decrease, so it could be used as an indicator for plant community restoration in some degree. This study will to some degree enrich and broden the vegetation ecology and restoration ecology of this area and provide theoretical basis for the vegetation recovery and reconstruction of ecosystem in Sloping-land with Purple Soils in Hengyang Basin.


ackground: Variation at the dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) has been associated with increased risk for schizophrenia in numerous indepenent samples and recently with deficits in general and domain-specific cognitive processing. The relationship between dysbindin risk ariants and sensory-level deficits in schizophrenia remains to be explored. We investigated P1 performance, a component of early visual rocessing on which both patients and their relatives show deficits, in carriers and noncarriers of a known dysbindin risk haplotype.


in which R is free, esterified or amidated carboxyl, Phis 1,2-phenylene which contains the group R CO-NR3and is otherwise unsubstituted or is substi tuted, X is a group of the formula-CO-CR1=CR2-, in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are hydrogen, acyl or a substituted or unsubstituted hydro carbon radical or a hetero-analogue thereof, or con jointly are 3-membered to 5-membered lower alkylene, and R2 can also be free or etherified hydroxyl or hy droxyl etherified by an organic carboxylic acid, and R3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, are useful as anti-allergic agents.


By using ANSYS software,the space distribution of the axial magnetic field between two contactor in vacuum interrupter is analyzed,the influence between section dimensions of coil and intensity of magnetic field is studied,distribution of flux density of axial magnetic field is discussed,and force effect of electric arc in axial magnetic field is investigated.


In 1907 Enriques and Severi published an extensive and fascinating account of hyperelliptic surfaces. In general a hyperelliptic surface is that expressed by the necessary relation connecting three meromorphic functions of two variables which have four columns of periods. Such functions arise naturally by associating the two variables, in accordance with Jacobi's inversion problem for hyperelliptic integrals of genus 2, with a pair of points of a hyperelliptic curve. When the primitive periods of the functions are those arising for the curve, and the set of three functions chosen is representative, in the sense that only one pair of (incongruent) values of the variables arises for given values of the functions, the surface is called by Enriques and Severi a Jacobian surface; but, if several sets of (incongruent) values of the variables arise for given values of the functions, say r sets, the surface is said to be of rank r. For example, when the three functions are all even, to each set of values of these there belong not only the values u, v of the variables, but also the values −u, − v, and r is thus even, being 2 at least, as in the case of the Kummer surface. In the paper referred to, many cases in which r > 1, corresponding to particular hyperelliptic curves possessing involutions of order r, are worked out. In general the method followed consists in arguing, from the character of the associated group of order r, to the character and equation of the hyperelliptic surface Φ of rank r; and from this the Jacobian surface F is inferred upon which there exists an involution of sets of r points, the surface Φ being the representation of this involution. The argumentation is always beautiful, but often not very brief. The hyperelliptic surfaces for which the primitive periods of the functions are not those of a hyperelliptic curve are also shown in the paper to arise from involutions on the Jacobian surface; with these I am not here concerned.


Purpose: In the early 20th century there was a large housing deficiency in Sweden. The housing deficiency developed into a political issue and the result was the million-program. In 1964, the decis ...


Premature infants with urinary tract infection (UTI) and birth weight greater than 1000 g should receive prophylactic antibiotic therapy until imaging evaluation can be completed, according to a study conducted in Israel. Over a four-year period, researchers studied 335 premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a regional hospital in Tel-Aviv. UTI was present in 27 of the infants, and four had coexistent urosepsis.


Objective To analyse the relative cause of missed abortion to raise the quality of birth and ease the suffering of women of childbearing age. Methods The 128 cases with missed abortion were reviewed and analyzed and completely understand it's cause and final resaut. Results 38 cases(29.68%) were endocrinopathy;30 with positive reaction to mycoplasma,12 cases(23.44%) affected in the past. Conclusion Missed abortion is possibly relative to level of pregnant hormone uterus's sensitivity.To reduce the rate of missed abortion and ease the suffering of women of childbearing gage is important for medical examination befor pregnancy and makingknown the knowledge of pregnancy.


A prospective randomized trial compared anal stretch with or without continued dilatation for three months in 89 consecutive patients with haemorrhoids. Complications of therapy occurred in only 4 patients, 3 of whom had transient incontinence of flatus. When patients were reviewed four months after treatment, only 4 of 44 patients (9%) who used a dilator had not been improved and required additional therapy, compared with 15 of 42 patients (36%) who had anal stretch alone (P <0.02). It is concluded that the use of an anal dilator improves the results of anal stretch.


The invention provides an anti-back-tipping damping system and a dynamic compaction machine. The anti-back-tipping damping system comprises an oil cylinder, a first cavity communication oil path, a second cavity communication oil path and a damping oil path. The oil cylinder comprises a first piston, a first cavity and a second cavity, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity can be isolated through the first piston. The first end of the first cavity communication oil path is communicated with the first cavity, and the first end of the second cavity communication oil path is communicated with the second cavity; and the second end of the first cavity communication oil path and the second end of the second cavity communication oil path are correspondingly communicated with two ends of the damping oil path in a one-to-one manner. The hydraulic damping manner is adopted by the anti-back-tipping damping system for damping, and the damping effect is ensured; the anti-back-tipping damping system can meet the different damping requirement of engineering mechanical equipment; and due to the fact that the first cavity and the second cavity of the oil cylinder are communicated through the damping oil path, oil pressure in the first cavity and oil pressure in the second cavity of the oil cylinder can be balanced, so that the damping function is achieved.


SUMMARY Eighty parcels producing cacao in four areas at the Soconusco region, Chiapas, Mexico, were studied in order to analyze the arboreal diversity. The diversity indexes of Shannon and Simpson, and the similarity indexes of Sorensen and Morisita-Horn were applied. Eighty sample sites, 30×30m each, were established and density, riches, and diameter at breast height were measured. Forty seven species grouped in 23 families were found. Shannnon's diversity index showed significant differences when analyzed by site pairs at the Tapachula site, while the other three areas did not show significant statistical differences between pairs of sites. The floristic composition in the cacao plantations studied is simi lar among the different municipalities, as shown by the absence of statistical differences in the Sorensen index. The most frequent shadow species found were Mangifera indica and Pouteria sapota. This study found only one type of agro-forestry system at the cacao sites in the Soconusco region.


This study disentangled the frequency and perceived severity of experienced bullying and victimization by investigating their associations with cognitive and affective empathy. Participants were 800 children (7–12 years old) from third- to fifth-grade classrooms who completed self-report measures of the frequency and perceived severity of their bullying and victimization and of cognitive and affective empathy. Results showed that the frequency and perceived severity of bullying were moderately correlated in the entire sample but unrelated within the subsample of bullies. Frequency and perceived severity of victimization were significantly and positively correlated in the entire sample (moderate effect) and the subsample of victims (small effect). Frequent, but not severe, bullies reported less cognitive empathy than non-bullies whereas both frequent and severe victims reported more affective empathy than non-victims. Within subsamples of bullies and victims, frequency of bullying was negatively associated with cognitive and affective empathy, and perceived severity of bullying was positively associated with affective empathy. Frequency of victimization was not associated with cognitive and affective empathy, but perceived severity of victimization was positively associated with both forms of empathy.


An investigation was undertaken to determine the species of blood-sucking flies which feed on sheep. Engorged insects were collected by a number of methods and their blood meals were identified by precipitin and haemagglutination inhibition tests. Sixteen species of mosquitoes attacked sheep, and of these Anopheles annulipes and Culex annulirostris dominated. Twelve species of biting midges in the genera Culicoides, Leptoconops and Lasiohelea were shown to bite sheep; the dominant species were C. marksi and C. breuitarsis. The simuliid Austrosimulium pestilens and the muscid Stomoxys calcitrans also fed on sheep. Some of these species also fed on other hosts-eight on ox, five on marsupials and one on horse. Four of the most widespread Culicoides species, C. brevitarsis, C. dycei, C. marksi and C. victoriae, fed on both sheep and ox, a factor of epidemiological significance in their potential role as vectors of arbovirus diseases of livestock.


Moving from the analysis of «kitsch», one of the most widespread trends in contemporary art, this essay goes back to the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century roots of aesthetics and focuses particularly the relationship between art and the concept of «live, living» in Nietzsche's, Holderlin's, Kant's philosophical reflections.


This paper mainly studies the hydrostatic turntable of precision milling and grinding compound machining center in aerospace processing equipment, and innovatively designs and analyzes the mesa. It is proposed to replace the traditional 40Cr with imported marble for the mesa. Firstly, the vibration model of the hydrostatic turntable is carried out. ANSYS Workbench software is used to compare and analyze the original and marble materials. In the process, the static characteristics and the difference of firstorder modes of the two materials are compared. In addition, the analytical results are used for manufacturing. The results show when the applied force reaches the limitation 29400N, the maximum displacement of 40Cr increases sharply to 8.9406μm; while the marble material reaches 2.6μm. Meanwhile, it is obtained that the power consumed by marble is reduced by 39.12% compared with 40Cr. The weight of marble is reduced by 39.36% compared with 40Cr. Marble is about 21.59% higher than 40Cr in the comparison of vibration mode results.