We present near-infrared [Fe ii] images of four Class 0/I jets (HH 1/2, HH 34, HH 111, HH 46/47) observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3. The unprecedented angular resolution allows us to measure proper motions, jet widths and trajectories, and extinction along the jets. In all cases, we detect the counterjet, which was barely visible or invisible at shorter wavelengths. We measure tangential velocities of a few hundred kilometers per second, consistent with previous HST measurements over 10 years ago. We measure the jet width as close as a few tens of au from the star, revealing high collimations of about 2° for HH 1, HH 34, and HH 111 and about 8° for HH 46, all of which are preserved up to large distances. For HH 34, we find evidence of a larger initial opening angle of about 7°. Measurement of knot positions reveals deviations in trajectory of both the jet and counterjet of all sources. Analysis of asymmetries in the inner knot positions for HH 111 suggests the presence of a low mass stellar companion at separation 20–30 au. Finally, we find extinction values of 15–20 mag near the source, which gradually decrease moving downstream along the jet. These observations have allowed us to study the counterjet at unprecedentedly high angular resolution and will be a valuable reference for planning future JWST mid-infrared observations that will peer even closer into the jet engine.


The mixer viscometer constant (k') of a Brookfield viscometer equipped with a flag impeller and small sample adapter was determined using the slope and matching viscosity methods. Results showed that k' was equal to a constant value of 2.92 rad -1 using the slope method and found to be a function of angular velocity (Ω), k' = 2.54(Ω) - 0.176 , using the matching viscosity method. An example problem illustrating how the mixer viscometry principle can be used to determine the relationship between apparent viscosity and average shear rate is presented.


With the increasing number of female senior executives, the relationship between female senior executives and corporate innovation behaviors has attracted widespread attention, but few works have studied the influences of female CEOs on innovation behaviors and their mechanisms. This paper studies the relationship between CEO's gender and the selection of corporate innovation behaviors, as well as the regulating effect of gender culture on the relationship between them. It was discovered in the studies that (1) if compared with male CEOs, female CEOs have significantly promoted both incremental innovation behaviors and radical innovation behaviors; (2) gender culture has positively regulated the relationship between CEO's gender and corporate incremental innovation behaviors, yet the regulating effect of gender culture on the relationship between CEO's gender and corporate radical innovation behaviors is not significant. Thus, the government needs to further foster a gender culture with gender equality, and actively promote the positive effect of female CEOs in corporate innovations.


This article presents a schedulability analysis for real-time systems designed under the Logical Execution Time (LET) assumption. This assumption increases the predictability of real-time systems by separating time events from scheduling events. A toolchain based on the formal language Fiacre combined with the LET assumption is designed to organize a set of tools to model, verify, and generate code. In this context, an exact brute-force schedulability analysis based on a simulation is proposed. The tools and algorithms to manage the computation are described and a speedup is proposed. An experiment on a synthetic system shows the efficiency of this approach.


TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease with variable expression. It is characterized clinically by mental retardation, seizures and numerous skin lesions-of which the most characteristic are the cutaneous angiofibromas mistakenly called "adenoma sebaceum." Pathologically it is characterized by multiple tumors and malformations involving the brain, skin and viscera. Various endocrinopathies have been described with tuberous sclerosis.' The purpose of this paper is to describe the case of a severely retarded girl in which a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was made, and present the first reported association of acanthosis nigricans occurring with tuberous sclerosis.


Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments of 1979 - Amends the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 to remove the existing 70-year upper age limit to which the prohibitions of such Act apply, thereby extending the protection of such Act to all individuals who are at least 40 years of age. Specifies that there shall be no exceptions to the prohibitions of such Act because of the nature of employment of an individual, or retirement benefits to which an individual may be entitled. Repeals provisions restricting the employment or compensation of an individual in the Federal civil service, Government of the District of Columbia, Foreign Service, or Army Corps of Engineers after such individual retires with an annuity or reaches retirement age. Repeals automatic separation requirements based on age and length of service which relate to employees of the Alaska Railroad, the Panama Canal Company, the Canal Zone Government, and to air traffic controllers and Federal law enforcement officers and firefighters.


The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite (S5-P) monitors the total column concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) as one of its primary targets.  In this study, we present an approach to analyze the large amount of TROPOMI CO data and to estimate urban emissions on sub-city scales for metropolises like Mexico City. The results demonstrate the advance in using TROPOMI observations for monitoring regional air quality. To this end, we analyze about two years of TROPOMI CO measurements with 551 overpasses over Mexico City using tracer simulations of the regional Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Ten separate CO tracers for emissions of the districts Tula, Pachuca, Tulancingo, Ciudad de Mexico, Toluca, CDMX, Cuernavaca, Cuautla, Tlaxcala, and Puebla are used to conclude on the emissions of different urban districts. A regularized source inversion minimizes the difference with respect to a prior emission estimate. Here, the degree of freedom of the inferred sources is a powerful tool to filter on measurement information and forward model errors e.g. due to erroneous wind fields. We compare the estimated emissions with those of the national inventory ``Inventario Nacional de Emisiones de Contaminantes Criterio'' (INEM) multiplied by 0.48 to make it applicable for the years 2017 to 2019. Overall, TROPOMI confirms the total INEM CO emissions form the area but indicates clear differences in relative distribution of the emissions between the districts. For example, TROPOMI yields 0.11 Tg/yr and 0.10 Tg/yr CO emissions for the urban districts Tula and Pachuca in the North of Mexico City, which exceeds the INEM emissions of <0.008 Tg/yr. Also, for the central part of Mexico City (CDMX) the TROPOMI estimate with 0.14 Tg/yr differs significantly from the inventory with 0.25 Tg/yr. Moreover, we found that the retrieved emissions for CDMX and Ciudad de Mexico follow a clear weakly cycle with a minimum during the weekend in agreement with ground-based in situ measurements of the ``Secretaria del Medio Ambiente'' (SEDEMA) and column measurements of a Fourier Transform Spectrometer in Mexico City operated by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). To improve further the TROPOMI CO data exploitation, our study clearly indicates the need for improvements of regional models like WRF, in particular with respect to the prediction of the local wind fields.


The scheduling theme which determines where and when the manufacturing actions will be performed is important to perform the activities in time, efficiently and cost-effectively. Scheduling is performed for the small-size problems to be able to get the best solution in a reasonable period of time. However, when the size of problem is increased, some disadvantages of the solution in terms of time and quality are observed.
In this paper, an algorithm is proposed for the solution of the flow shop scheduling which holds an important place in scheduling problems. The path relinking algorithm and data mining are used together for the solution of the flow shop scheduling problems which take a place in the NP class: while it is being performed a global research in the solution space by using the Data Mining, it is aimed to perform a local search by using the Pathrelinking Algorithm. Data Mining is a method which is used to get the embedded information in a cluster that includes many information. Pathrelinking is an algorithm which advances by making binary displacements in order to convert the initial solution to the guiding solution and which repeats by assinging the best obtained solution within this process as to the starting point. The efficiency of the model was tested on Taillard's flow shop scheduling problems.
In this study, data mining method was used in unusual formats within the literature, it has been possible to solve the large-size problem without the considerable mathematical backround. The obtained results show that the proposed method is in the competitiveness level with the other metaheuristic methods.


This paper describes principle and procedures of virtual prototype simulation of operation equipment of multipurpose construction vehicle and analyzes movement and interference of the operation equipment.Also animation production of multi-movement equipment is briefly described.


More and more faculty who teach online are facing incivility in their classroom. These disruptions impede learners' development and wellbeing and can negatively impact faculty and institutions of higher education. In this article, we review the consequences of online academic incivility and the situational factors that contribute to these disruptions. In addition, we present promising practices and strategies for faculty, including (a) functional communication, (b) empathy, (c) timely feedback, (d) active listening, and (e) clear and consistent expectations. Faculty members implementing these strategies in their online classes may be useful in reducing the challenges of academic incivilities. Future research directions and practical implications for promoting civil communications are considered.


This bibliography reviews sources of information on children's knowledge of, and behavior in, their environment. The author has combined the annotations into five areas to reflect current philosophical and organizational views. The bibliography also contains brief lists of other current works that the author did not review. As a whole, the bibliography represents a general overview of this area of knowledge.


In general, the plaque firmly attached to the tooth surface has considerable potential for the occurrence of the disease in hard tissue of teeth and supporting tissue, a condition caused by plaque contains. various kinds of bacteria. Diseases that occur in hard tissue of teeth and the supporting tissues can be prevented with the use of Aloe vera asAaloe vera contains various active substances including saponins, the active substance has the ability to clean and can be called as a substance washers (detergent) was good. Detergents have the ability to lower the surface tension and loosen debris with gear that will help purge tartar. This study uses a true experiment design research laboratory, while sampling by purposive sampling of 25 people taken in Posyandu, Village of Pondok Labu, South Jakarta and laboratory test in the Laboratory of the Department of Polytechnic Jakarta III Analysts Health Programs in October 2016. The data processing using Kruskal Wallis test and Post-Hoc test Mann Whitney. Statistical test results with test KruskalWallis test aloe vera with 100% concentration can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans was obtained p = 0.12 (p<0.05), meaning that significant with inhibition zone of 18.66 mm.


Retrieving virtual source surface waves from ambient seismic noise by cross correlation assumes, among others, that the noise field is equipartitioned and the medium is lossless. Violation of these assumptions reduces the accuracy of the retrieved waves. A point‐spread function computed from the same ambient noise quantifies the associated virtual source's spatial and temporal smearing. Multidimensional deconvolution (MDD) of the retrieved surface waves by this function has been shown to improve the virtual source's focusing and the accuracy of the retrieved waves using synthetic data. We tested MDD on data recorded during the Batholiths experiment, a passive deployment of broadband seismic sensors in British Columbia, Canada. The array consisted of two approximately linear station lines. Using 4 months of recordings, we retrieved fundamental‐mode Rayleigh waves (0.05–0.27 Hz). We only used noise time windows dominated by waves that traverse the northern line before reaching the southern (2.5% of all data). Compared to the conventional cross‐correlation result based on this subset, the MDD waveforms are better localized and have significantly higher signal‐to‐noise ratio. Furthermore, MDD corrects the phase, and the spatial deconvolution fills in a spectral (f, k domain) gap between the single‐frequency and double‐frequency microseism bands. Frequency whitening of the noise also fills the gap in the cross‐correlation result, but the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the MDD result remains higher. Comparison of the extracted phase velocities shows some differences between the methods, also when all data are included in the conventional cross correlation.


This thesis examines the benefits and costs of screening for colorectal cancer in the context of an organised population screening programme. It uses microsimulation modelling to derive an optimally cost-effective screening protocol for various combinations of the available screening tests. First a mathematical model for the natural history of colorectal cancer is derived, based on analyses of Australian population and hospital-based cancer registries combined with data from published studies. Then a model for population based screening is derived based mainly on data from published screening studies, including the four major published randomised controlled trials of faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening. These two models are used to simulate the application of a screening programme to the Australian population. The simulations are applied to a period of 40 years following 1990 (the study's base year), with both costs and benefits discounted back to the base year at an annual rate of 3%. The models are applied to simulating a population screening programme based on FOBT with a colonoscopy follow up of positive tests. This simulation suggests that the optimal application of such a programme would be to offer annual screening to people aged 50 to 84 years. Such a programme would lead to a cumulative fall in years of life lost to colorectal cancer (YLL) of 28.5% at a cost per year of life saved (YLS) of $8,987. These costs and benefits are consistent with those arising from other currently funded health interventions. They are also consistent with the cost per YLS which Australian governments appear willing to pay for health interventions when justified on the basis of cost-effectiveness. The fall in colorectal cancer deaths from this screening programme should be first detectable by a national monitoring system after around three years of screening. However the full benefits from screening would not be realised before around 30 years of screening. These simulations are based on the standard guaiac FOBT, but the results suggest that significant cost-effective gains could be made by using the newer immunochemical FOBT. Further cost-effect gains could be made by offering sigmoidoscopy every five years in addition to annual FOBT. The models are then applied to simulating population screening programmes using colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy as primary screening tools. Offering colonoscopy every ten years to all people aged from 45 to 85 leads to an overall fall in cumulative YLL of 37.6%, at a cost of $15,585 per YLS. Offering sigmoidoscopy every three years to all people aged 40 to 85 leads to an overall fall in cumulative YLL of 29.1%, at a cost of $4,862 per YLS. Both of these cost and benefit results are also consistent with the cost per YLS which Australian governments appear willing to pay. The fall in deaths with colonoscopy screening would also be detectable after three years of screening but the fall with sigmoidoscopy screening would not be detectable until after six years of screening. Sigmoidoscopy would need around 35 years of


On July 1, 2000 Stevens Institute of Technology created a new Systems Engineering and Engineering Management (SEEM) department. Through a unique partnership with industry and selected government agencies in the area of short courses, graduate programs, and applied research, the department has grown to over 60 masters and 30 PhD students in one year. In terms of revenue from short courses and off campus programs, the department is now second within the school of engineering. This paper will provide the details and lessons learned of how we designed, marketed, and executed three non traditional certificate and masters programs and two PhD degree granting programs centered on technology, engineering, systems, and management. Partnership with industry and government agencies within key market domains was the cornerstone of our strategy. At the strategic level we will discuss ideas on how to target market large employers of engineers, attracting faculty, balancing resource allocation for income activities versus break even or money losing activities such as research and undergraduate education, partnering with traditional engineering departments, the role of web based learning, and most importantly managing expectations for growth and income. Other seemingly trite yet important issues such as the naming of programs, how to best utilize web versus hard copy for marketing information, the role of an advisory board, and how to create the environment of mutual beneficial existence with the traditional engineering departments will also be discussed. This paper, though hardly a road map for creating new programs or a department, will provide insight to the thought processes and steps needed to create modern and relevant programs to educate engineers in the 21 century.


The global tourism industry has arguably become the world`s pre-eminent sector, contributing about $3.6 trillion to the global gross domestic product (GDP) and employing 225 milion people (World Travel and Tourism Council, 1997). Despite its acknowledged economic power and apparent resiliency, tourism is highly vulnerable to internal and external shocks ranging from political conflicts, natural disasters to epidemic diseases. This article argues that the tourism industry is increasingly becoming susceptible to crisis events to the extent that tourism players have to contend with this reality in their daily operations. The study employed literature narratives as data sources from primed tourist destinations that have been hit by tourism crises. This study has some significance of confirming that tourists evaluate destinations according to safety and risk factors. The study further revealed that tourism crises do not only impair a tourist destination`s image but also weaken and destroy the competitive advantage of the destination. The review identified the quartet of terrorism, epidemic diseases, tsunamis and political conflicts as having the most devastating effects on the global tourism industry. Recommendations include less reliance upon tourism as an economic sector in favour of economic diversification, identification of potential destination specific crises and putting in place pro-active crisis management and recovery strategies. Future studies should explore how positive tourism shocks impact on the global tourism industry.


My objective in this article is to add evidence for the belief espoused above regarding the two elds of (i) signal processing and (ii) control and estimation. I focus here on the interaction of specialties from (i), i.e., adaptive ltering, and (ii), i.e., adaptive identi cation and control. For evidence, I use three basic communication systems applications of adaptive ltering to evoke system identi cation (and adaptive control) style problems amenable to analytical tools popular over (at least) the last decade. The applications raise a number of un(der)solved issues that challenge existing theory. The connections drawn to adaptive identi cation and control problems (and relevant analytical tools) suggest approaches to these challenges. [Johnson ASIL 95] C.R. Johnson, Jr. et. al.,\On fractionally-spaced equalizer design for digital microwave radio channels," in Proc. Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Paci c Grove, CA), pp. 290-294, October 1995. Abstract: Recent advances in blind identi cation of fractionally-spaced models for digital communication channels and blind fractionally-spaced equalizer adaptation rely on the assumption that the time span chosen for the fractionally-spaced equalizer exceeds that of the channel. This paper considers time-domain formulas minimizing the mean-squared symbol recovery error achieved by a nite-length FIR fractionally-spaced equalizer with a time span shorter that the channel impulse response time span for white zero-mean QAM sources in the presence of white zero-mean channel noise. For minimum mean-squared error designs the symbol error rates achievable are plotted versus the ratio of the source variance to the channel noise variance (with the channel model power normalized to achieve a received signal of unit variance) for di erent fractionally-spaced equalizer lengths on 64-QAM for several T/2-spaced channel models derived from experimental data. Our intent is to fuel the ongoing debate about fractionally-spaced equalizer length selection. [Johnson IJACSP 95] C.R. Johnson, Jr. and B.D.O. Anderson,\Godard blind equalizer error surface charateristics: White, zero-Mean, binary case,"International Journal Of Adaptive Control And Signal Processing, vol. 9, pp. 301-324, 1995. (Filed in BERG library.) Comments : Derives compact descriptions of gradient and Hessian expressions of the BPSK CMA cost function for baud-spaced sampling. The paper then catalogues the stationary points of this cost function by the di erent manners in which the gradient of the cost can be zeroed. A key result is that the Ding class equalizer (corresponding to the nullspace of the channel covolution matrix) is such that the parameterization has most of its energy at the ends of the tapped delay line, rather towards its center. The paper does not show arbitrarily low CMA error for a long, but nite, equalizer. {tje Abstract: We study the Godard/CMA error surface in adapting the impulse response coe cients of a nite-length, tapped-delay-line lter to equalize a white, zero-mean, binary ( 1) source that su ers ISI due to a linear channel. Our results arise primarily from examination of the expressions for the gradient and the Hessian in the baud-spaced equalizer parameter space of the cost-function in this particular setting. This paper presents results useful in topological assessment of procedures for initializing a gradient descent algorithm on this multimodal surface in the euqalizer parameter space. [Jones ASIL 95] D.L. Jones,\A normalized constant-modulus algorithm," in Proc. Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Paci c Grove, CA), pp. 694-697, October 1995. Abstract: The constant-modulus algorithm (CMA), while the most commonly used blind equalization technique, converges very slowly. We propose a \normalized" constant-modulus algo39 rithm (analogous to the widely used normalized LMS algorithm) with an adjustable step size that greatly increases the convergence rate for noise colorings with large eigenvalue spreads. The normalized step size is proportional to that required to achieve the desired modulus with the current data vector. Only a few extra operations per update are required. Many applications now using the constant modulus algorithm should achieve greatly improved convergence rates at almost negligible computational increase by adapting the new normalized CMA algorithm. [Kamel ICC 94] R.E. Kamel and Y. Bar-Ness,\Anchored constant modulus algorithm (ACMA) for blind equalization," in Proc. International Conference on Communications (New Orleans, LA, USA), pp. 1571-5, 1-5 May 1994. Abstract: Blind equalization is a technique of adapting an equalizer without the need of a training sequence. The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is one of the rst known blind equalization algorithms. The cost function of the CMA exhibits local minima, which are the primary cause of the ill-convergence of the CMA. Anchoring the CMA improves the performance of the CMA in terms of ill-convergence. This technique is used with the linear and the decision feedback equalizers. It is shown that the adaptive equalizer will always remove intersymbol interference (ISI) as long as the channel gain exceeds a certain critical value (7 Refs.) [Kamel ELET 94] R.E. Kamel, Y. Barness,\Blind maximum-likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequences in presence of intersymbol interference,"Electronics Letters, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 537-539, March 1994. Abstract: A blind maximum likelihood (ML) sequence estimator for unknown linear dispersive channels is described. The estimator assumes a channel model with quantised parameters. A channel trellis and a data trellis are de ned to search for the ML channel and data estimates using the Viterbi algorithm (VA). This approach provides a good performance/complexity tradeo (3 Refs.) [Karaoguz TBC 91] J. Karaoguz, S.H. Ardalan,\Use of blind equalization for teletext broadcast systems,"IEEE Transcations on Broadcasting, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 44-54, 1991. Abstract: A new application of blind equalization that appears to ameliorate the delays and improve the reliability of teletext systems is presented. The compatibility with the existing TV system and the cost-e ectiveness of this application were considered for practical purposes. Equalizer adaptation does not require a knowledge of the transmitted data sequence or carrier phase recovery. Therefore, a reduction in the existing teletext circuitry has been achieved. In addition, the proposed quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme doubles the teletext data transmission rate and uses the allocated TV bandwidth e ciently. The performance of the proposed blind equalizer has been evaluated in the presence of a multipath broadcast channel. Simulations have shown that substantial improvements are observed in the bit-error-rates for both two-phase PSK and QPSK modulation schemes (21 Refs.) [Karaoguz ISCS 93] J. Karaoguz,\An unsupervisedGaussian cluster formation technique as a Bussgang blind deconvolution algorithm," in Proc. 1993 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (Chicago, IL), pp. 719-22 vol.1, 3-6 May 1993. Abstract: A decision-directed-type blind equalization algorithm is reformulated. It is based on the unsupervised Gaussian cluster formation technique. It is shown that the end result is closely related to the Bussgang algorithm and its implementation simplicity compares to the Bussgang blind deconvolution algorithm. It is also shown that along with the new algorithm, 40 popular algorithms such as the Sato, Godard, maximum-level-error (MLE), and Bussgang blind equalization algorithms can all be categorized as decisiondirected-type blind equalization algorithms which use a nonlinear estimator at the output of the equalizer to generate a decision-directed estimated error (11 Refs.) [Kechriotis MIL 92] G. Kechriotis, E. Zervas, E.S. Manolakos,\Using recurrent neural networks for blind equalization of linear and nonlinear communications channels," in Proc. MILCOM (San Diego, CA), pp. 784-788, October 1992. Abstract: A recurrent neural network (RNN) equalizer for blind equalization of linear and nonlinear communication channels is proposed. RNNs have the ability to learn dynamical mappings of arbitrary complexity and therefore present a natural choice for implementing equalizers for communication channels. In several cases the nonlinear nature of a communication channel is too severe to ignore, and at the same time no nonlinear channel model can account su ciently for the nonlinearities that are inherently present in the channel. In those cases a neural network equalizer is preferable over a conventional one. The realtime recurrent learning (RTRL) algorithm is used to train an RNN, and its performance is compared with that of a conventional equalizer based on the constant-modulus algorithm (9 Refs.) [Kennedy OE 92] R.A. Kennedy and Z. Ding,\Blind adaptive equalizers for QAM communication systems based on convex cost functions,"Optical Engineering, vol. 31, pp. 1189-1199, 1992. Abstract: The authors present a new quadrature amplitude modulated blind equalization scheme that is globally convergent in the equalizer parameter space to a compact set containing the desired ideal equalizer parameter setting. The new algorithm is based on a convex cost function and a linear constraint on the equalizer parameters. For a generic class of channels, this new algorithm results in the equalizer parameter convergence to a unique global minimum achieving intersymbol interference suppression and carrier phase error removal. Different implementation approaches are assessed and simulation results are shown to con rm the theoretical global convergence of the new algorithm (25 Refs.) [Kikuma ISAP 89] N. Kikuma et al.,\Directionally constrained adaptive array using constant modulus algorithm," in Proc. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (Tokyo, Japan), pp. 313-16, Aug. 22-25, 1989. Abstract:


Legal system reform was an important part of the reform directed by Gao Gong in Longqing Period of the Ming Dynasty.Facing the situation that law was abused and there was serious judicial corruption,he vigorously carried out reforms by asking newly-selected chin-shih's(successful candidates in the highest imperial examination) to learn legal regulations,supervising head officials in prefectures and counties to fulfill their judicial responsibility,prolonging the administration of learned officials in judicial department,severely punishing corrupted and merciless officials,and rehabilitation miscarriage of justice.To some extent,legal corruption was overcome,thereby providing his reform with legal guarantee.


The wastewater in alcohol production is a high concentration organic wastewater which causes serious pollution in the environment.The wastewater flowing from a fermentation alcohol production enterprise was treated with an anaerobic baffled reactor and a sequencing batch reactor in Gansu Province.The results indicate that the treatment process has a good efficiency,which can provide references for wastewater treatment in similar enterprises.


Introduction SINCE early in the history of the electroencephalogram (e.e.g.) it has been realized that the records are complex. That is to say, the rhythms in them are rarely simple harmonic oscillations and often have a number of components. The component oscillations may either bear some constant harmonic relation to one another or they may be entirely independent in their frequencies. The formation of complex waves from a number of simple sinusoidal components obeys certain well established physical principles. The purpose of this paper is to consider how these principles must affect the interpretation of an e.e.g. record. From this consideration two suggestions will result; first, that an application of the principles to the visual inspection and measurement ofa record can materially increase the amount of information obtainable, and secondly, that there are certain types of change that occur in the e.e.g. that cannot be measured and assessed accurately except by a more elaborate form of analysis. Analysis of the e.e.g. to separate its components has been made in the past in a number of ways. Mathematical analysis of a short length of record (Rohracher, 1937; Livanov and Petrova, 1938) is exceedingly tedious and not applicable to routine work. This method may, however, be of value in special cases, as it may give a degree of accuracy limited only by the quality of the original recording. Selective recording methods (Drohocki, 1938; Davis et al. 1938; Parr and Walter, 1943) are limited in scope as only a restricted part of the e.e.g. frequency band may be studied at one time. Until recently the only complete, accurate, and practical method described has been that due to Grass (Grass and Gibbs, 1938). In this method a special photographic record is made, a part of which is selected corresponding to thirty seconds of recording. This length of record is then analysed by an automatic electrical apparatus. A high degree of accuracy is obtained and the method has contributed much valuable information about the changes in the e.e.g. occurring in different physiological and pathological states. Unfortunately the length of record that may be analysed has to be limited. This, together with the need of a special record, probably accounts for the failure of this method to be readily accepted as a routine. Recently a method has been described in which every ten seconds of record is analysed (Walter, 1943a and b). The analysis is automatically traced alongside the record in the form of a histogram, within ten seconds of the recording of the e.e.g. No extra labour is involved during or after the examination, and analysis during the entire period of recording becomes possible as a routine. It therefore seems desirable to decide what are the limitations of a visual inspection and measurement of an e.e.g record and when this fuller analysis is essential. Study of a mixture of rhythms, such as make up the e.e.g., is difficult on account of the fact that the components rarely remain constant for long. To overcome this difficulty, and to demonstrate in a pure form the appearances that are produced when a number of rhythms are mixed, a method of synthesis of compound waveforms has been adopted. The method is an electro-mechanical one which allows a rapid alteration to be made in the frequency or amplitude of one or more of the components. By this means it is possible to mimic accurately the various waveforms that occur in the e.e.g. The ability to produce these effects without the distractions of the rapid changes occurring in the natural e.e.g., has proved of great value in visualizing the way in which a given wave in the e.e.g. may be expected to change in altered physiological conditions. In addition, a useful check on the accuracy of an analysis of the e.e.g. is available, for a synthesis of the components indicated, in the correct amounts, should in most cases produce a wave identical with that analysed. Here it should be made clear that a synthesis of 119 coright.


Migrant workers of the new generation are currently in the golden age of love and marriage.Their views on love and marriage are restricted by the impact of modernization and realistic dilemma,which are likely to trigger their psychological conflicts.This article analyzed the effects of modernization on their love and marriage from motives,patterns,choice of partners and concepts of love and marriage.It also explored the unfavorable predicament of love and marriage caused by their occupations,low income and humble social status and analyzed their corresponding psychological conflicts.Finally it proposed some countermeasures to help resolve this problem.


On judging fingerprint characteristics comprehensively, we need not only look at the amounts of the characteristics, but also look at their quality .It is crucially important to the right judge of fringerprint characteristics to distinguish precisely true and false features, to master the changing laws of the features, of the increase and decrease of lines, of fringertprints, and use the features of fingerprints comprehensively.


In today's age, financial institutions, and corporations, annually incur billions of dollars to safeguard against fraudulent activities. In this context, bank credit card frauds account for the majority of frauds. We address this problem by utilizing the Bayesian learning technique with an uncertainty score to ascertain any unwarranted positive, with a fair model accuracy by tackling unbalanced data that is common in this domain. In this direction, a sparse Gaussian classification method with the concept of pseudo inducing points has been proposed to handle the large dataset. The same has been performed using different kernels and a varying number of inducing points. The best results are obtained with the selection of RBF kernel and while considering a maximal number of inducing points. The model has been developed in a robust fashion so as to work over large financial data with an accuracy of 98.05 percent over the test dataset. Our result with low variance over the prediction indicates the robustness of the model. These results would have high applications in the context of credit fraud detection in high-class imbalanced data obtaining a high accuracy and confidence score.


In the context of China's implementation of the strategy of governing the country by law, law enforcement personnel, as the main body of law enforcement departments in implementing legal actions, their ability and quality are related to the fairness and efficiency of law enforcement, and affect the entire law enforcement team. This article uses the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to analyze the ability and quality of law enforcement personnel. From the aspects of professional skills, personal abilities, thinking and decision-making, find the factors that determine the ability and quality of law enforcement personnel, and plays an important reference role in strengthening the cultivation of high-quality professional law enforcement teams.


After blackout, power system reconstruction is a multiobjective optimization problem, especially for parallel restoration through power system partitioning. It includes optimal system partitioning strategy, units optimal starting-up sequence, time requirements for system reconstruction. A constrained multiobjective optimization model is proposed for power system reconstruction. Fast and elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is applied in order to avoid artificially balanced solutions. Priority-based genetic encoding and decoding are designed for NSGA-II. With non-dominated sorting and crowding distance calculation the means of dummy fitness are used to find Pareto optimal solutions. An elitist checking strategy is adopted to check Pareto optimal solutions. Simulation results on IEEE 30-bus system show that the proposed algorithms are able to find better spread of solutions, better convergence near the Pareto-optimal front and lower computational complexity compared to other power system reconstruction methods based on genetic algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is further validated by the numerical results on the power system of Shandong province, China.


It is a huge and complex project to construct harmonious relations between medical staffs,which is required by the status of medical staff,the development of modern medicine,and the construction of harmonious hospital.The strategies for the construction of harmonious relations between medical staffs include improving the education of medical professional ethics,respecting craft brothers,sticking to people-oriented policy and human care,strengthening the construction of administrative mechanism,systematic innovation,and recreating harmonious culture of hospital,etc.


Objective Upper limb neurodynamic tests are used to evaluate the mechanical sensitivity of the peripheral nerves. However, very little is known about the reliability of upper limb neurodynamic tests, especially for the radial and ulnar nerves. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of neurodynamic tests of the upper extremities to test median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Materials & Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, 25 asymptomatic subjects aged 19-45 years participated. They were selected using simple non-random sampling. Then two examiners performed the neurodynamic tests on them on two successive days. The goal was to assess the reliability of median, radial, and ulnar neurodynamic tests. During the neurodynamic tests, the participants reported the initial stretching pain and the moment of submaximal pain (substantially obvious pain) in related areas of the nerve distribution, including the anterior side of the elbow and forearm for the median nerve, posterolateral aspect of the elbow and forearm for radial nerve, and medial side of elbow and forearm for the ulnar nerve. At the starting point of painful stretching and the submaximal pain, the angle of elbow extension (for median and radial nerve tests) and shoulder abduction angle (for ulnar nerve test) were measured using a mechanical goniometer. The range between these two points was used to analyze the reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated to examine the relative and absolute reliability, respectively. Using t-test, the difference in the mean of the measurements was calculated. Results No significant difference was found between the mean measurements of the two testers in intra-session and inter-session reliability. For examiners 1 and 2, was obtained 0.94 (SEM:2ο) and 0.89 (SEM:2.85ο) for the median nerve, 0.56 (SEM:6.36˚ ) and 0.93 (SEM:1.82ο) for radial nerve, and 0.42 (SEM:3.27ο) and 0.79 (SEM:1.42ο) for the ulnar nerve. Inter-tester intra-session reliability was obtained at 0.84 (SEM: 3.44ο), 0.54 (SEM: 6.1ο), and 0.55 (SEM: 2.75ο), respectively, for median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Inter-tester inter-session reliability was obtained at 0.97 (SEM:1.43ο), 0.69 (SEM:5.06ο), and 0.51 (SEM: 2.8˚ο), respectively, for median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Conclusion The upper limb neurodynamic tests and measurement of the range between the onset of stretching pain and the point of submaximal pain have moderate to excellent reliability. Therefore, these clinical tests can be used in diagnostic evaluations and treatment interventions. Also, the median nerve neurodynamic test has higher relative reliability than radial and ulnar nerve neurodynamic tests.


This is a report on some of the main developments in birational geometry in the last few years focusing on the minimal model program, Fano varieties, singularities and related topics, in characteristic zero.


The utility model relates to a selection device for packaging container molding arrangement. The selection device comprises a first swing part and a second swing part, wherein the first swing part has two swing positions and is connected with a first driving mechanism which enables the first swing part to be switched between the two swing positions, and the second swing part has two swing positions and is connected with a second driving mechanism which enables the second swing part to be switched between the two swing positions. The real-time swing directions of the two swing parts are consistent with each other, packaging container blanks pass though a channel which is formed between the two swing parts, and the corresponding surfaces of the two swing parts form the channel wall of the channel. The inlet of the channel right faces a clamping jaw discharging port, the outlet of the channel is selectively led to two conveying paths by means of the fact that the two swing parts are switched among the corresponding swing positions. The corresponding surface of the first swing part, forming the channel wall, is a guiding wall which enables the blanks to enter into one path in a guiding mode, and the corresponding surface of the second swing part, forming the channel wall, is the other guiding wall which enables the blanks to enter into the other path in a guiding mode. A series of the blanks from the discharging port pass through the channel and are selectively conveyed to the two conveying paths under the action of the two guiding walls.


The thesis of this paper is that, despite its substantial accomplishments over the past 40 years as a professional practice, knowledge management (KM) has yet to mature as an intellectual discipline. The goal of this conceptual paper is to accelerate this maturation by generalizing KM. The paper does so by identifying KM's generic social phenomena and how these phenomena can be better understood through the development of theory oriented around knowledge that defines, predicts, and explains them. KM theory is examined through an extensive review of the existing literature. Four levels of organizational KM are offered, including two that examine an organization's basis (resources) and essence (ideas and actions), while the second two build upon these to examine resource management in general, and the management of knowledge resources specifically. Treating KM as a theoretical object will lead to greater understanding of KM. This enriched understanding will lead to a more effective performance of KM. The achievement of this paper's goal (i.e., generalizing KM) will facilitate the maturation of KM into a discipline and practice that consistently contributes to organizational effectiveness. Little KM literature exists on the conceptualization of knowledge as a theoretical object, which offers the opportunity not only to develop theory that defines, predicts, and explains KM within organizations more systematically but also ultimately to understand better the ways in which KM contributes to individual happiness, community cohesion, and social prosperity.


Valiani's impressive rudition. Aided by mastery of the major languages of the old empire and a cyclopaedic grasp of the monographic literature, his scholarship forcefully supports his analysis. There is in fact a page of footnotes for every two of text, many containing sparkling gems for the specialist. And his relentless archival work is particularly impressive in the new appendices which examine the British and German documents on the negotiations for a separate peace and the French records on the Yugoslav movement. The translation does not of course overcome some of the volume's original weaknesses: the disjointed nature of the essay format; an occasional unevenness of analysis within the chapters; and the absence from time to time of a clear conceptualization of the problem under discussion. Nor is the focus of the work balanced. The Italians, Slovenes, Croatians, and, to a lesser degree, the Czechs receive the bulk of Valiani's attention; the Poles, Rumanians, and even the Serbs suffer by comparison. Also, some interesting issues, such as the subsidization of the national groups by the established governments, are slighted. Finally, there is a lingering regret that Valiani did not add one more chapter describing the actual collapse of Austria-Hungary. For that aspect, the essays in Die AufliJsung des Habsburgerreiches (Munich 197o ) are an excellent supplement. But these are minor points that should not distract from the magisterial quality of Valiani's research, the originality of his questions, and the thoroughness of his answers. He has contributed significantly to explaining the dynamic interaction of diplomacy, nationality movements, and national ambitions (especially the Italian) in fatally undermining the multinational empire of the Habsburgs.


Red mud (RM) is a solid waste produced by alumina production in the Bayer process. At present, it is being stored or dumped on the land or in the oceans. To utilize RM, extensive work has been done by the researchers to develop various techniques. The production of PC (polymer concrete) is one of the economical and efficient methods to recycle the RM.

In this study, the RM has been utilized to fabricate the PC using the recycled PET resin as the binder with fly ash, silica fume and foundry sand as the fillers. By varying the RM content, the influence on the workability, shrinkage, ultrasonic velocity, toughness, modulus of elasticity, mechanical strength, water absorption and acid resistance has been observed.

For the specimens cured for 56 days, the values of compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength have been increased by 20.26%, 49.11% and 61.99%, respectively. The water absorption has been reduced by 23.5%. Also, the loss in compressive strength under the effect of the 30%HCl has been decreased by 25%.

The specimens containing 20% of red mud content have shown maximum values. Fine particles of RM have increased the mortar compactness and produced high-density PC with reduced density, and the ultrasonic pulse velocity has been reduced due to a decrement in density and modulus of elasticity values.


no abstract Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship.org/help_copyright.html#reuse Review Human Footprints on the Global Environment. By Rosa A. Eugene, Andreas Diekmann, Thomas Dietz, and Carlo C. Jaeger, (Eds.) Reviewed by Enzo Ferrara Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino, Italy. Rosa A. Eugene, Andreas Diekmann, Thomas Dietz, and Carlo C. Jaeger, (Eds.). Human Footprints on the Global Environment. MIT Press, 2010. xi + 329 pp., 11 illus. ISBN: 978-0-262-01315-4. US $27.00 paperback, alkaline paper. Environmental sociology explains that societies are at the same time collective human enterprises and complex ecosystems, each one depending upon the other. Societies cannot function without ecosystem resources as well as ecosystems cannot remain viable indefinitely if humankind stands unmindful of its own impact on the environment that surrounds its extension. Yet, most theories of ecological impact dogmatically assume that exploitation of the environment provides in any case benefits to human well-being. As a result, while the colossal human footprint actually threatens the sustainability of the entire planet, the conventional indicators of human development – such as GDP – still inform policy on the base only of economic growth, which has proved to be largely inadequate to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Thus, new meters of human well-being should be favoured along with instruments to evaluate how far we are from achieving sustainable and socially inclusive economies, and to let the welfare provided with human activities fit with a healthy planet in our days and in the future. Although it is the subject to much empirical discipline, the question of how to assess the concept of sustainability remains vexing. One point is clear: scale matters, and scientists, policymakers, and other observers know that any understanding of the causes of the ecological decay is a function of appreciating the range of human choices and actions that affect the environment. "Human Footprints on the Global Environment", tackles this challenge and offers a state-ofthe-art assessment of research on the human dimensions of the global risks. After reminding how the concept of human footprint emerged – from the "Brundtland Report" (1987) and the foundation of the IPCC (1988) to the novel notion of "Coupled Human and Natural Systems" (2007) –, the introductive chapter, "Global transformations", defines the book rationale, i.e. assessing knowledge about the dynamics of coupled human and natural systems with an emphasis on their human dimension. Five major social variables are identified as key human forces affecting the environment, namely population change, economic growth, technological choices, political-economic institutions, attitudes and beliefs. Subsequent contributions offer interpretive frameworks for appreciating the global crisis. For example, the "Progress in the study of land use change" (Ch.4) reviews such notions as population, consumption, institutional actions, and culture about land cover and use with an outlook for the next decades. "The effectiveness of Ferrara: Human Footprints on the Global Environment


As a result of the developments in the business sphere, the ultimate consumers create high expectations with respect to what the companies can offer them in relation to high-quality products, good prices and better services, including the after-sales ones. To attend to these expectations, the companies must invest in research and technology, in order to develop the respective competitive advantages, which guarantee that they will keep the clients and, consequently, continue or improve their market participation. Logistics has been one useful tool in this process. It has also improved and become one of the most important strategic activities within a supply chain, since logistics is present in the entire process of the chain, from the moment of raw material acquisition to the delivery of the finished product to the ultimate consumer. The success of the companies that obtain client satisfaction lies in the way they do things, that is, obtaining or manufacturing the right products, in the right place, at the right time and at the right cost. The total cost along the supply chain is the main variable to be considered and analyzed by the different participants that make up the chain: purchasers, suppliers and logistics staff. In the same way, the decision-making process determines the design of a decision model through which the following objectives are achieved: satisfied ultimate clients and low total costs. Finally, logistics within the supply chain is defined as the process of planning, implementing and controlling efficiency in the flow of cost, material, products and information, from the origin until the consumption. More and more, it involves a series of situations and participants that amplify its level of complexity to the extent that its effort increases in order to attend and satisfy the demands of the ultimate consumers.


The present investigation was conducted to evaluate performance of bold aonla types under Konkan agro-climatic conditions, where fruiting is obtained twice in a year as a unique feature of these bold genotypes. Based on the three years yield observations at two different locations in Konkan, it could be concluded that Kanchan variety of aonla may be preferred for cultivation in Konkan region. However, for effective cross pollination and higher yield, mixed planting of Kanchan with Krishna and NA-7 could be the best strategy for aonla cultivation in the region. Monsoon season harvest proved to be superior under Konkan conditions. Key word: Aonla, Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Konkan, yield, fruiting, variety obtained for three years (2000 onwards) at two different locations were analysed statistically by the method described by Panse and Sukhatme (1985) and Gomez and Gomez (1984). The data were pooled over the years and locations to draw conclusion. Results and discussion The pooled results obtained for 2000 to 2002 (Table 1) at Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle revealed that the variety Kanchan (40.82 kg/tree) was significantly superior to all the other varieties under testing followed by Krishna (29.62 kg/tree) and NA-7 (26.55 kg/tree). Variety Chakaiya gave the lowest yield (11.26 kg/tree). The same set of varieties was studied at Agricultural Research Station, Mulde (Table 2). The three years pooled result indicated Introduction Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is a native of eastern Asia, particularly Central and Southern India. It is a medium size tree occupying a height of 10-15 m and evergreen in tropical region, whereas it behaves as deciduous tree in north India due to complete drop of determinate shoots and initiates to grow new shoots during February-March. Aonla is cross pollinated by wind, honey bee, wasp and gravity (Reddi and Janki Bai, 1979). Dried aonla fruits have been used since ancient times, being rich vitamin C. Anola processed products viz., aonla supari, aonla mawa, aonla syrup etc. are digestive health restoring items liked by all. Honey bees commonly visit in late evening and morning. Since there is no self-incompatibility in aonla, the cause of poor fruit set seems to be the high percentage of staminate flowers. Improved aonla cultivars viz., Banarasi, Francics, Chakaiya, Narendra Aonla-4 (NA-4), NA-5, NA-6, NA-7, NA-9, Krishna, Kanchan are grown in India. These promising types were identified in Pratapgarh, Agra and Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh and released for cultivation. The aonla types in western Ghats and Konkan have small sized fruits and are poor yielding. Hence, the present investigation was conducted to evaluate performance of bold aonla types selected in northern plains and introduced under Konkan Agro-climatic conditions. Materials and methods Field experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2002 at two different locations viz., Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle and Agricultural Research Station, Mulde with four different aonla varieties viz., NA-7, Krishna, Chakaiya and Kanchan. The experiment was conducted in a randomised block design replicated five times. Planting of aonla grafts of the test varieties was done at 6 x 6 m in the year 1994. The yield data were collected from 2000 onwards. Annual fertilizer application @ 250 g N, 500 g P and 250 g K per tree was done by ring method along with 10 kg F.Y.M. Need based pest control measures were undertaken. The yield Table 1. Yield of different aonla cultivars (kg/ha) at Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle Cultivars Yield (kg/tree) Pooled 200


Atmospheric low-frequency variability (LFV) is studied in a two-layer quasigeostrophic model. The model geometry is a periodic b channel with flat bottom and zonally inhomogeneous thermal forcing. As a result of the idealized land‐sea contrast, the model produces a zonally modulated climatological jet with realistic amplitude. The model's LFV is equivalent barotropic; principal component analysis reveals that it consists of (i) dominant stationary patterns with red-noise-like temporal behavior and (ii) propagating waves with periods of 37 and 50 days superimposed on the former. The vorticity forcing due to synoptic eddies is dominated by self-interaction of high-pass filtered model fields. Applying a phase-randomized, stochastic analog of this forcing to a version of the full model in which fast baroclinic instability and, therefore, synoptic eddies are suppressed, produces a climatology and LFV that are very similar to those in the full model. Synoptic eddies are solely represented in the simplified model version by means of stochastic forcing that is independent of the low-frequency flow. It follows that, while fast synoptic eddies are modulated in the full model by the LFV, this modulation is fairly passive: anomalous generation of the synoptic eddies in the course of the full system's low-frequency evolution, the so-called synoptic-eddy feedback, is not essential in selecting the system's low-frequency modes; the main role of synoptic eddies is to supply energy to these modes. Further analysis indicates that the LFV in this thermally driven model originates from the barotropic mode's dynamics. The baroclinic mode passively follows, to first order, the low-frequency changes in the barotropic mode. The latter changes are due to stochastically excited, weakly damped linear eigenmodes of the barotropicmode equation. Two distinct stationary eigenmodes, as well as two pairs of propagating modes with periods of 27 and 36 days, respectively, dominate the low-frequency behavior. The leading empirical orthogonal functions in this model are associated with these six particular eigenmodes. The latter are not well separated, however, from the other eigenmodes in terms of damping time scale, and it is the barotropic nonlinearity that selects the six dynamically important modes over the others. Interactions between these six modes also result in the occurrence of probability density maxima in two-dimensional subspaces of the model's phase space.


This paper describes cold bonding experiment of dust from Shougang Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation. Based on the investigation on normal temperature properties of cold bonded briquettes of single dust and mixed dust, the results obtained are as follow: when syrup, soluble glass or concrete are adopted as adhesives, cold bonded briquettes may be used as a coolant during converter steelmaking and burden material of blast furnaces; they may also act as additive of blast furnaces in proper conditions, where cold bonded briquettes are jointed with the mixture of concrete, polyethylene alcohol and CMC.


This paper addresses issues surrounding human activity recognition. While our main focus is health-care, the architecture presented in this paper is flexible enough to be applied to other domains. The architecture is the basis of a non-obtrusive system combining distributed and centralised paradigms founded on the concept of object networks. Object networks are created on the basis of user-to-object and object-to-object interactions. An object is consid-ered everyday artefact that is relevant in inferring user's activity. The activity inference process is distributed throughout the environment and is carried out by the inference engine that operates over the object networks. This process actively exploits various events generated from the object network, describing the proximity relationships, or depicting specific object functionality in addi-tion to the state of the environment to infer user's current activity. Moreover we utilise information representing user's behaviour history as well as behav-iour of similar users in equivalent context to advance the activity inference process.


Elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke both in the general population and in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia. Lp(a) is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–sized particle composed of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] bound to apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) through a single disulfide bond. Apo(a) is structurally similar to a portion of plasminogen, and heterogeneous in size, depending on the copy number of Kringle IV type 2 repeats, ranging from 1 to >40. Recent data suggest that Lp(a) levels in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia are higher compared with those of nonaffected relatives carrying similar apo(a) isoforms and that the LDL receptor (LDLR) is involved in the clearance of Lp(a), at least in the HepG2 cell lines with supraphysiological LDLR density. In contrast, several lines of prior evidence suggest that Lp(a) clearance is not regulated by the LDLR: (1) catabolism of Lp(a) in familial hypercholesterolemia subjects is not different than that of controls; (2) Lp(a) levels are not reduced by statin treatment; (3) LDLR-deficient mice catabolize human Lp(a) similarly to WT mice; and (4) in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients without expression of LDLR, inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) did not affect LDL but decreased Lp(a) by ≈20%.


This paper offers a new analytical perspective by using concepts and methods from discourse analysis to examine the practice of actor coaching. As part of an ethnographic study, the paper focuses on the coaching practice of an experienced acting instructor during a university-level acting class in the United States. Whereas the acting instructor described his coaching practice as unrehearsed and extemporaneous, discourse analysis revealed repeated talk moves embedded in his coaching ‒ conceptualised here as technical directives, reflections, rule recounts, and eventcasts. The instructor's talk moves were epistemic tools that organised his coaching by extending participatory pathways to mediate performance learning. The paper concludes by suggesting that discourse analysis offers a useful way for acting coaches to reflect on, and potentially refine, the repertoires of talk moves that propel actor coaching.


We consider estimating a compact set from finite data by approximating the support function of that set via sublinear regression. Support functions uniquely characterize a compact set up to closure of convexification, and are sub-linear (convex as well as positive homogeneous of degree one). Conversely, any sublinear function is the support function of a compact set. We leverage this property to transcribe the task of learning a compact set to that of learning its support function. We propose two algorithms to perform the sublinear regression, one via convex and another via nonconvex programming. The convex programming approach involves solving a quadratic program (QP). The nonconvex programming approach involves training a input sublinear neural network. We illustrate the proposed methods via numerical examples on learning the reach sets of controlled dynamics subject to set-valued input uncertainties from trajectory data.


Changes in the flexural strength of cast epoxy resins due to pile irradiation were measured. The effect of various types of curing agent on the rate of breakdown is shown. (auth)


How to add a new PowerFlex70 inverter in Logix5000 program software and how to implement two-way with dual speed functions of inverter through programming are introduced.


We examine the production of scalar leptoquark (S) pairs in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation along with indirect limits of leptoquark properties from existing e/sup +/e/sup -/ data and that which can be obtained in the near future from the SLC and LEP.


Prediction of seismic attribution technique has been widely used for carbonate reservoir,in view of high heterogeneity of carbonate reservoir,using seismic attributes to predict reservoir is able to improve the accuracy of prediction.Through extracting amplitude characteristic and wave impedance characteristic of Tahe carbonate reservoir,which can better predict the reservoir development of pore space,providing the basis of further exploration, development and geometric arrangement of well.


The fluorescence $\mathrm{KL}$ x-ray emission of argon induced by impact with monoenergetic photons was observed with a high-resolution reflecting-type bent crystal spectrometer. The measurements were performed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France. X-ray beam energies in the range $3455 \mathrm{eV}l~\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}l~6540 \mathrm{eV}$ were used to investigate the $K+L$ double excitation from threshold to saturation. The excitation probabilities were deduced from the satellite-to-diagram line yield ratios $\mathrm{I}(KL\ensuremath{-}{L}_{2,3}L): \mathrm{I}(K\ensuremath{-}{L}_{2,3}).$ Results were compared to predictions based on the model of Thomas and the one of Roy. From the comparison, parameters such as excitation onset energies, high-energy limit shake probabilities, and radius of the $2p$ orbital in ionic Ar were deduced. The satellite line shapes and their evolution with the excitation energy were analyzed with the aid of multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations.


Background: Congenital lesions of the mitral valve are relatively rare and are associated with a wide spectrum of cardiac malformations. The surgical management of congenital mitral valve malformations has been a great challenge. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and intermediate-term outcome of congenital mitral valve (MV) surgery in children and to identify the predictors for poor postoperative outcomes and death. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, 100 consecutive patients with congenital MV disease undergoing mitral valve surgery were reviewed in 60-month follow-up (mean, 42.4 ± 16.4 months) during 2008 - 2013. Twenty-six patients (26%) were under one-year old. The mean age and weight of the patients were 41.63 ± 38.18 months and 11.92 ± 6.12 kg, respectively. The predominant lesion of the mitral valve was MV stenosis (MS group) seen in 21% and MR (MR group) seen in 79% of the patients. All patients underwent preoperative two- dimensional echocardiography and then every six months after surgery Results: Significant improvement in degree of MR was noted in all patients with MR during postoperative and follow-up period in both patients with or without atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) (P = 0.045 in patients with AVSD and P = 0.008 in patients without AVSD). Decreasing trend of mean gradient (MG) in MS group was statistically significant (P = 0.005). In patients with MR, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) had improved postoperatively (P < 0.001). Although PAP in patients with MV stenosis was reduced, this reduction was not statistically significant (P = 0.17). In-hospital mortality was 7%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (P < 0.001), weight (P < 0.001), and pulmonary stenosis (P = 0.03) are strong predictors for mortality. Based on the echocardiography report at the day of discharge from hospital, surgical results were optimal (up to moderate degree for MR group and up to mild degree for MS group) in 85.7% of patients with MS and in 76.6% of patients with MR. Age (P = 0.002) and weight (P = 0.003) of patients are strong predictors for surgical success in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Surgical repair of the congenital MV disease yields acceptable early and intermediate-term satisfactory valve function and good survival at intermediate-term follow-up. Strong predictors for poor surgical outcome and death were age smaller than 1 year, weight smaller or equal than 6 kg, and associated cardiac anomalies such as pulmonary stenosis.


Given the failure of the conventional dividend discount model to explain volatile, dynamic stock price movements, we test the empirical validity of an alternative model, the accounting-based residual income model (RIM), which posits that the current stock price equals the current book value of equity plus the present value of expected future residual income. We test two implications of the two models: volatility of prices relative to fundamentals and the model's dynamic implications by cross-equation restrictions. We find that, for stock valuation, book values and accounting earnings in the RIM contain more useful information than dividends alone.


Analyzing the sentiments of legal opinions available in Legal Opinion Texts can facilitate several use cases such as legal judgement prediction, contradictory statements identification and party-based sentiment analysis. However, the task of developing a legal domain specific sentiment annotator is challenging due to resource constraints such as lack of domain specific labelled data and domain expertise. In this study, we propose novel techniques that can be used to develop a sentiment annotator for the legal domain while minimizing the need for manual annotations of data.


ABSTRACT Leakage current characteristics of Pt/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Pt ferroelectric thin-film capacitors were investigated at the temperature range from 273 K to 393 K. It is implied that there are two conduction regions in the capacitors, i.e. ohmic behavior at low voltage (< 0.4 V) and Poole-Frenkel or Schottky emission mechanism at high voltage (> 1.8 V). The depletion layer widths calculated from Poole-Frenkel model and Schottky emission model are 36.9 nm∼ 61.5 nm and 6.8 nm∼ 11.5 nm, respectively. Moreover, the trapped level, the Schottky barrier height, the constant and the effective Richardson constant are 0.56 V, 0.49 V, 0.227A/cm2 · V and 1.15 × 10−7 A/cm2 · K2, respectively.


Congenital biliary atresia (CBA) and neonatal 'hepatitis' are the main causes of obstructive jaundice during infancy, and it is well recognized how difficult it often is to distinguish one from the other. The prognosis of neonatal hepatitis for complete recovery is good, while that of CBA is poor. Yet to differentiate CBA from neonatal hepatitis is important because in CBA surgery may be the treatment of choice. Stutzman and Amatuzio (1953) stressed the importance of hepatic cirrhosis as a cause of hypomagnesaemia. Since then, additional information on hypomagnesaemia in this condition has been provided by Flink (1956), Flink, McCollister, Prasad, Melby, and Doe (1957), Wacker and Vallee (1958), and Hanze (1962). As themainpathological lesion of the liver in prolonged cases of CBA is biliary cirrhosis, a low serum magnesium level is presumed to reflect the biliary cirrhosis. The purpose of this communication is to report the serum magnesium level and its relation to liver function tests in CBA and neonatal hepatitis, and to discuss its use in differentiating these two conditions. Serum magnesium levels in other hepatic diseases are also reported.


We present a reduction semantics for the π-calculus from which causality and concurrency can be mechanically derived. We prove that our semantics agrees with the causal definitions presented in the literature. We then apply the causal reduction semantics in the domain of biochemical systems to study the interactions of components.


Today any data storage system cannot satisfy all of these conditions, however holographic data storage system can perform faster data transfer rate because it is a page oriented memory system using volume hologram in writing and retrieving data. System can be constructed without mechanically actuating part therefore fast data transfer rate and high storage capacity about 1Tb/㎝3 can be realized. In this research, to reduce errors of binary data stored in holographic data storage system, a new method for bit error reduction is suggested. Firstly, find fuzzy rule to use test bed system for Element of Holographic Digital Data System. Secondly, make fuzzy rule table using DNA coding method. Finally, reduce prior error element and recording digital data. Recording ratio and reconstruction ratio show good performance.


In recent years, pharmaceutical companies have introduced new expensive medicines, some of which target only small patient populations. For example, trastuzumab (Herceptin*), imatinib (Glivec[R]) and sofosbuvir (Sovaldi[R]) are high-priced medicines that have been shown to be effective and safe for treating cancer or hepatitis C, diseases for which no effective treatment existed previously. In 2015, the World Health Organization included several such expensive medicines in their model list of essential medicines, (1) despite current prices of 60000-100 000 United States dollars per treatment. The initial public enthusiasm for these medicines' therapeutic value is now tempered by practical concerns about how patients and health systems can afford them. Even in high-income countries the affordability is a concern. Ethical and economic dilemmas arise when decision-makers must ration an expensive, life-saving or life-extending medicine. We contend that not funding an effective essential medicine contradicts Article 12 in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which declares "the States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health." By September 2016, over 160 countries have ratified or acceded to the Covenant. (2) In many countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Latvia, New Zealand and Uruguay, patients have used Article 12 to litigate through domestic courts for the reimbursement of expensive medicines. (3) In the Netherlands, advocates of patients with Pompes disease --a rare muscle disease--based part of their arguments on the fact that it was the patients' right to receive continued reimbursement of an expensive treatment with marginal health benefits. Decision-makers decided to continue reimbursement, despite the fact that many other patients in the country were not reimbursed for more cost-effective treatments. How can governments with finite public health budgets ensure fair access to expensive, new and essential medicines as part of the right to health? Is the right to health equally important for all patients? Governments' efforts to prioritize access to essential medicines could be supported by a human rights approach and specifically by the principle of the progressive realization of the right to health. The United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights describes progressive realization as States Parties' obligation to use the maximum of its available resources to move as expeditiously and effectively as possible towards achieving the highest attainable standard of health for everyone. (2,4) The approach does not necessarily create an immediate right for everyone to receive treatment at any cost. Instead, progressive realization means that access to health care is gradually fulfilled for all patients. All Parties have an immediate obligation to take deliberate, concrete and targeted steps towards progressive realization. (3) However, providing immediate universal health care with all possible treatments for all people is not a legal obligation. (5) For prioritization, a transparent and independent reimbursement ranking process of medical treatments, largely based on estimates of comparative cost-effectiveness, presents a concrete and practical tool for decision-makers. Progressive realization justifies such ranking of treatments by ensuring that governments use available resources as effectively as possible and thereby progressively realizing the right to health for the largest number of people at the lowest possible cost and without discrimination against patients. This duty of efficiency is also in line with the authoritative interpretation by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of governments' legal obligations under the human rights treaties in General Comment 3, as well as a well-founded set of principles adopted by a group of scholars and policy-makers in the Limburg Principles. …


Financial disasters have always been seen as the alarming sensitive thing to happen ever which distorts the business and economies worldwide. Post 2008 sub-prime crises, the recent one is that Greece is witnessing the economical hardships which had been sending alarming signals to every corridor of the inter-connected world economies. With this paper, we have tried to bring you the every bit from the sequence of the Greece financial crunch. We have put the things in a synchronized way so as to connect all the aspects of Greece economy of all times.


This document addresses adding -or improving - mechanical ventilation systems to existing homes. The purpose of ventilation is to remove contaminants from homes, and this report discusses where, when, and how much ventilation is appropriate in a home, including some discussion of relevant codes and standards. Advantages, disadvantages, and approximate costs of various system types are presented along with general guidelines for implementing the systems in homes. CARB intends for this document to be useful to decision makers and contractors implementing ventilation systems in homes. Choosing the "best" system is not always straightforward; selecting a system involves balancing performance, efficiency, cost, required maintenance, and several other factors. It is the intent of this document to assist contractors in making more informed decisions when selecting systems. Ventilation is an integral part of a high-performance home. With more air-sealed envelopes, a mechanical means of removing contaminants is critical for indoor environmental quality and building durability.


have compiled ninty poemsabout twenty-one poets of the Jin Dynasty from "YongLeDaDian".Those were lost from "The Collection of Zhongzhou"/ "The Supplement for the Collection of Zhongzhou "/The new "The Poems of the Jin Dynasty ".


lntroduction Table l. Prevalence of AT:III, PC, PS deficiency and FV Leiden mutation in healthy population, associated thrombotic risk and prevalence in thrombotic patients. trnherited thrombophilia is a clinical condition characterized by the occurrence of multiple episodes of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within a family (l). This working definition implies that some factors, either genetic or behavioral, may be responsible for the occurrence of VTE. Although in most cases the suspicion of inherited thrombophilia may be raised by the observation of a familial cluster of VTE, in other instances only the proband (or index-case) is affected, especially in small families. By close investigation of severely affected families, an increasing number of genetic abnormalities has been related to inherited thrombophilia. These abnormalities differ signiticantly both for their prevalence in the general population and their thrombotic risk, but no reliable data exist at this regard. In this paper, we will analyze the prevalence of different


In engineering systems with uncertain parameters, it is crucial for system analysis and control to analyze the relationship between these uncertain parameters and system outputs (or states). Nevertheless, the acquisition of this parameter-output function, termed parametric problem in this article, is not easy because it is usually a complicated implicit nonlinear function. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE), based on the generalized Fourier expansion, is a state-of-the-art method for both parametric problems and uncertainty quantification. Its basic idea is to approximate the implicit parameter-output function with a globally optimal explicit polynomial function, which remains accurate in the case of strong nonlinearity compared with the local Taylor expansion. This article provides a review of PCE and its applications in parametric problems. In terms of PCE theory, a rigorous and complete framework of PCE is established and a detailed review of typical PCE methods is presented. In terms of applications, two kinds of general parametric problems, namely parametric nonlinear algebraic equations and parametric differential equations, as well as their examples in some engineering fields, are introduced. Furthermore, some worthwhile future works are presented at the end of this article, which may facilitate the development of PCE.


There were positive and negative developments during this time. However, demographic data became much fuller. Despite famines and epidemics, there was appreciable population growth. By 1871 India's population was about 255 million. The chapter considers the evidence for the growth and discusses the population's demographic characteristics, the occurrence of famines, epidemics, migration, and changes in the urban sector. There are few reasons to think that there was significant de-urbanization. By 1871 around 8–11 per cent of the population lived in places with 5,000 people or more. The most likely explanation for the growth of 1821–71 is that there was a slight reduction in mortality. The reasons were undoubtedly complex, but they probably included greater vaccination and improvements in communication. Influenced by the developing principles of 'sanitary science', attitudes to dealing with demographic crises and ill health, and recognition of the need for relevant data, were gradually becoming more systematic.


Citation is an essential prevalent feature of all academic writings in various fields of knowledge. It is employed by
authors and researchers across disciplines for diverse reasons. This study was aimed at comparing types and functions of citations in
medical research articles in discussion sections between Iranian medical faculty members and their native counterparts.
Method: To this end, discussion sections of 48 native and non-native written Research Articles (RAs) from credible ISI-indexed
journals with good impact factor (about 0.5-1.5) from each group were analyzed in terms of citation types and functions.
Results: The results revealed that non-integral citations were found to be the most frequent citation type both among RAs written by
non-native and native researchers. Also, Vancouver referencing style in non-native articles was used more while in native articles APA
referencing style was the dominant style. Concerning citation functions, referencing was the most common one in native articles.
However, referencing and comparisons were the most two frequent functions among non-native articles. As the results revealed, there
were striking differences in citation practices of native and non-native researchers in medical sciences.
Conclusion: This study calls for reevaluation of citation practices among Iranian authors and systematic treatment of types and
functions of citations in ESM and EAP writing courses


Narendra Tuteja's group at The International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, presents the first direct evidence in plant that phospholipase C (PLC) functions as an intercellular effector molecule for the α-subunit of pea heterotrimeric G-proteins and regulates its activities, including salinity stress tolerance.1 Heterotrimeric G-proteins mediate signal transduction from heptahelical receptors present in the cell surface to appropriate downstream effectors and thereby play an important role in signaling. The effectors of plant G-proteins have not been well characterized to date. We report isolation of the cDNAs of two isoforms of Gα (Gα1, 1.152 kb and Gα2, 1.152 kb) and PLC from Pisum sativum and purification of all the encoded recombinant proteins (Gα, 44 kDa and PLC 67 kDa). Protein-protein interaction studies using an in vitro, yeast two-hybrid system and in planta co-immunoprecipitation showed that Gα protein interacted with pea phospholipase-C (PLCδ) at the calcium-binding domain (C2). The GTPase activity of Gα protein increased after interaction with PLCδ. These findings provide direct evidence for cross-talk between PLC and G-protein-mediated signaling pathways in plants. Since Gα is involved in salinity tolerance, it seems that cross-talk between Gα and PLC may be an important step in transducing signals that lead to salinity tolerance, and also in regulating Gα mediated pathways. PLC can turn the signal off by activating the GTPase activity of Gα, thereby regulating the function of G-protein. This research will likely have useful applications in agricultural biotechnology.


To monitor cell trafficking in vivo and distinguish whether cellular regeneration originated from an exogenous cell source is a key issue for developing successful stem cell therapies, nanoparticles are increasingly used in different applications, including bioimaging, diagnostic technology, and drug/gene delivery. Thus, it is important to develop methods using nanoparticles that can monitor the fate and distribution of transplanted stem cells noninvasively for further applications. In our system, nano fluorescent particle uptake bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) not neural stem cells at an incubation dosage 0.1 ㎎/mL of culture medium. Furthermore, nano fluorescent particle labeled BMMSC can also be detected in a neurodegenerative mouse model in vivo. Our results are the first report that BM-MSCs can be efficiently labeled with nanoparticles and can be monitored in vitro and in vivo.


Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance played a major role in the global eradication of polio. The World Health Organization adopted this method to monitor the progress toward poliomyelitis eradication. The Expanded Program of Immunization in Jordan has routinely collected acute flaccid paralysis data since 1999, which then attained a polio-free certification. Yet, because of wars in neighboring countries such as Syria and Iraq, there is a risk of polio outbreaks occurring.

 This study aims to evaluate the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in Jordan from 2016 to 2020 and identify areas for improvement.

 This was a retrospective descriptive study that used data from the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in Jordan between January 2016 and December 2020. The World Health Organization standard indicators were used to evaluate the performance of the surveillance system.

 A total of 483 cases of nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis were reported. Most of them (n=478, 99%) were younger than 15 years, and among those, 55.6% were younger than 5 years, and 58% were male. At the national level, the surveillance achieved all the World Health Organization indicators throughout the evaluating period, except for two indicators: the proportion of stool specimens from which nonpolio enterovirus was isolated in 2016 and 2017, and the nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis detection rate per 100,000 of the population younger than 15 years in 2020. At a subnational level (governorates level), the proportion of stool specimens from which nonpolio enterovirus was isolated, as an indicator, was not achieved most of the time. This was frequently observed in each of all evaluation years of 2016 to 2020. Moreover, most indicators were not achieved at the governorate level in 2020.

 There are some gaps that need improvement in the acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system in Jordan, especially at the governorate level. The lower performance during 2020 could have been caused by the COVID-19 crisis and the lockdown during the pandemic. Similar challenges are possible in the future and proper preparation is required.


A qualitative and quantitative approach was used in this stu dy o examine the distribution of pronouns in three language s, English, Mandarin Chinese and Japanese based on the parallel NTU Mult ilingual Corpus (NTU-MC). The pronouns are annotated with a componential analysis that allows them to be easily linked across languages. A single text (The Adventure of the Speckled Band , short story featuring Sherlock Holmes) in three languages is tagged, an not ted and linked in the corpus. The results show that altho ug English has the highest number of pronouns, Mandarin Chinese has the hig st proportion of contentful pronouns in our corpus. Also, English has more translated counterparts in Mandarin Chinese as compar ed to Japanese. We attributed this to the difference in usage of pronouns in the languages. Deprominalisation, surprisingly, was ev en for both corpora. Findings from this study can shed some li ght concerning translation issues on pronoun usage for learners of the lang uages and also contribute to improving machine translation of pronouns.


We show how two-photon fluorescence signal can be used as an effective detection scheme for trapping particles of any size in comparison to methods using back-scattered light. Development of such a diagnostic scheme allows us a direct observation of trapping a single nanoparticle, which shows new directions to spectroscopy at the single-molecule level in solution.


Technology in agriculture has been widely and massively applied. One of them is automation technology and the use of big data through the Internet of Things (IoT). The use of IoT allows a process to run automatically without human intervention. Extreme weather changes and narrow land use are one of the main problems in agriculture. The development of IoT devices has been widely developed regarding this subject. One of them is a soil moisture detection system. This study aims to build an IoT soil moisture detection system. The system will use a sensor as input which is then processed in a microcontroller device and the prediction results are sent to the IoT cloud platform. Prediction results are obtained using a time series model and then its performance is evaluated using RMSE. This model was chosen because the structure of the observed soil moisture data is based on time. The results of this study indicate that the soil moisture IoT system can work well. This is supported by the results of the prediction evaluation value of the RMSE = 1.175682x10-5 model which is very small.


This study aims to determine the effect of dividend policy announcements on stock price volatility. This research is an event study, with a period of observation 10 days before and after dividend announcement. According to the purposive sampling of 30 companies incorporated in the JII there are 20 companies that meet the criteria to be sampled. The variable used in this study is dividend policy announcements which are proxied by abnormal returns and stock price volatility. By using simple linear regression analysis, the results of the study found that the dividend announcement policy affects the volatility of stock prices. This means that dividend policy announcements contain information that causes shares to react. The results of this study are consistent with the dividend signaling theory which states that dividend policy announcements contain information that can cause stock prices to react.


The Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MKP) has been used to model a variety of practical applications. Due to its combinatorial nature, heuristics are often employed to quickly find good solutions to MKPs. There have been a variety of heuristics proposed for MKP and a plethora of empirical studies comparing the performance of these heuristics. However, little has been done to garner a deeper understanding of why certain heuristics perform well on certain types of problems and others do not. Using a broad range of practical MKP test problems, we use three representative heuristics and conduct an empirical study aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of heuristic procedure performance as a function of test problem constraint characteristics. Our focus is on the Two-dimensional Knapsack Problem (2KP). New insights developed regarding greedy heuristic performance are exploited to yield two new heuristics whose performance is more robust than that of three legacy heuristics on our test problem set and on benchmark sets of MKP problems. A competitive test of these new heuristics against a set of legacy heuristics, using both existing test problem sets and a new systematically developed test problem set demonstrate the superior, robust performance of our new heuristics.


The lymphatic system is a vital network of lymphatic vessels that carries liquid fluids, long-chain fatty acids and proteins from capillaries back to the vascular system and clears interstitial debris and bacteria. Lymphatic leakage is a condition not uncommon after many abdominal surgeries. It can lead to immunodeficiency and nutritional abnormalities. Moreover, it has high morbidity and mortality, ranging between 40% and 70%, depending on the presence of an underlying condition. A few lymphatic leakage cases after bariatric surgery have been reported in the literature. We report the first case of lymphatic leakage after sleeve gastrectomy, which was treated with conservative treatment.


Background: Emergence of new multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is thought to be associated with COVID-19 pandemic. Covid-19 morbidity and mortality variances among countries have been suggested by previous works to be influenced by BCG and previous latent TB infection (which is reflected by TB prevalence) possibly through inducing heterogeneous immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Aim: To examine influence of BCG status and TB prevalence on variances among countries which report new multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Methods: We choose all countries which report MIS-C till 23/6/2020, number of cases for each 10 million inhabitants was examined among 3 categories of countries classified according to BCG program status. TB prevalence, MIS-C no. / 10 million (M) population and Covid- 19 deaths/M are taken as markers. Receiver operation characteristic - (ROC) curve, with some relative indicators such as (sensitivity and specificity rates), estimation area of trade - off between sensitivity and specificity, and cutoff points are used with different studied markers for discriminating different three pairs of countries (which have different BCG practices). Results: MIS-C No/10 M inhabitants in countries never gave BCG vaccination versus (vs) countries currently give vaccine shows area under ROC- curve equal to 0. symbiotic significant of 0.034 and (95% CI interval of .000-0 .000) also MIS-C No/10 M inhabitants in countries not currently give BCG vaccination ( with previous mass vaccination programs) vs countries currently give mass vaccination shows area under ROC- curve equal to 0.094 with a symbiotic significant of 0.027and ( 95% CI interval of 0.000 -0.280). Important not significant finding MIS-C No/10 M inhabitants in countries never gave BCG vaccination vs countries not currently give vaccine shows area under ROC- curve equal to 0.583 with a symbiotic significant of 0.683 and (95% CI interval of 0.074-0.759). COVID-19 deaths / M inhabitants in countries never gave BCG vaccination vs countries currently give vaccine show area under ROC- curve equal to 0.083 with a symbiotic informative and reportable value of 0.077 and (95% CI interval of 0.000-0.309 also COVID-19 deaths/ M inhabitants in countries not currently give BCG vaccination vs countries currently giving vaccine show area under ROC- curve equal to 0.188 with a symbiotic informative reportable value of 0.089 and ( 95% CI interval of 0.000-0.452). Important finding is the not significant association of COVID-19 deaths /M inhabitants with countries never gave BCG vaccination vs countries not currently giving vaccine area under ROC- curve equal to 0.417 with a symbiotic significant of 0.683 and (95% CI interval of 0.078 - 0.755). Regarding TB prevalence marker or discriminator the areas under curve were informative and reportable and too generating with the leftover markers in all 3 pairs of countries signifying inverse relations with covide-19 mortality and MIS-C no. Conclusions: BCG vaccinations and high TB prevalence are found to be related to decrease MIS-C no. and COVID-19 deaths this might explain variances among countries worldwide. Further studies to confirm this relation and to confirm possible similar relations in Kawasaki disease(KD) or KD like illnesses in previous epidemics is recommended. Review of TB programs and consolidation of BCG programs might be considered urgently. TB prevalence status and COVID-19 deaths in different countries classified according to BCG vaccination status and will address disparities raised regarding variances in incidence of MIS-C and COVID-19 deaths rates among countries. This study also discusses possible relation of KD or KD like illnesses with previous pandemics according to various TB prevalence of some countries.