Micro engines,the core of micro electromechanical system,have great expectation in future applications.In this paper,a jet cooling system was designed for micro Wankel engines in laboratory environment.The heat transfer on the wall of engine was simulated with FLUENT.From the simulation results it can be seen that the cooling effect of jet cooling system is good,it can meet the needs of wall temperature.This paper is helpful reference for the cooling of micro engines in laboratory environment.


Division of Applied Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, KoreaReceived November 19, 1999Stenine (1) and tuberostemonine (2) are the structurallyrelated alkaloids isolated from Stemona species whoseextracts have long been used in China and Japan both asdrugs for the treatment of respiratory disease and anthelm-intics.


A mixed (scalar and vector) potential surface integral equation formulation, developed for microstrip antennas, is employed in conjunction with the method of moments to predict the radiated emission from arbitrarily shaped printed circuit traces. Computed currents and radiated fields for a typical trace configuration in the form of a rectangular loop loaded by low- or high-impedance lumped loads indicate good agreement with transmission line theory and/or elementary loop antenna analysis, when the trace size is electrically small. Computed results are presented to highlight the radiation and coupling due to common-mode currents. >


In solid propellant rocket motors incorporating a submerged nozzle, the entrapment of liquid residues of the combustion in the cavity formed in the surrounding of the nozzle integration part can lead to the accumulation of slag with a considerable mass. The long-term goal of the present study is to characterise experimentally the driving parameters of the slag accumulation in a stagnant area modelling the nozzle cavity. The experimental database will be used for validation of a numerical tool. In the present article measurements are shown in two-phase flow condition using a coldgas simplified model to determine effectively the main parameters that are influencing the droplet entrapment. Furthermore, the deformation of the accumulated liquid surface is analysed and presented as well.


Quad L120 901 is approximately 3.4 m after Section 20-8C and 5.6 m before Section 21-1B. (There is no Section 21-1A.) The quad has an aperture radius of r=0.01378 m and an effective length of L=0.1068 m. With the present linac 50-GeV lattice it is run at a nominal strength of BDES=GL=(B/r)L=79.738 kG. Thus the field at the pole tip is B=10.288 kG and the maximum possible dipole strength under any condition (i.e., short or no short) with the quad strength at its nominal value, which in fact will occur only at the pole tip, is BL=BL{sup max}=1.0988 kG-m or 0.10988 T-m. A dipole will bend the beam according to: {theta}[rad] = 0.3 {integral} Bdl[T-m]/cp[GeV]. Thus the maximum possible bending angle will occur for a beam just grazing the pole tip, i.e., {theta} {approx} 1 mrad for a 33 GeV (at Sector 20) beam.


It is well-known that a ring R is right PF if and only if it is semiperfect and right self-injective with essential right socle. In this note, it is shown that a ring R is right PF if and only if u.dim(RR) < ∞ and every colocal, injective right R-module is projective. Consequently, a semiperfect ring R is right PF if and only if the two classes of colocal injective right R-modules and local projective right modules coincide.


This paper considers the problem of decentralized data fusion (DDF) for large wireless sensor networks with stringent bandwidth requirements. To reduce the power and bandwidth costs of wireless transmissions, each sensor node is confined to quantize its sensing data and send 1-bit information only. Under this setting, we derive the maximum likelihood (ML) data fusion rule for decentralized parameter estimation, and analyze its Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the fusion performance in the sense of mean square distortion. Depending on the underlying noise characteristics, our 1-bit DDF scheme can achieve estimation performance competitive to or even surprisingly better than that of centralized fusion over unquantized data. There is considerable saving in communication costs, which in turn reduces network energy consumption. Furthermore, we investigate network optimization, for which a worst-case robust design methodology is adopted to formulate a well-behaved min/max optimization problem. From the information processing viewpoint, the resulting optimized network offers robust fusion performance at minimal costs of communication resources


In "Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates", a group of internationally recognized researchers assesses the state of current knowledge in the field and identifies future avenues of research. Comprehensive in scope, the book treats all levels of biological organization, from the molecular level to communities of organisms. After a brief historical overview, which identifies the conceptual underpinnings of 20th-century invertebrate zoology and embryology, the book is organized by developmental stages. The authors first present chapters on oogenesis, spermatogenesis, fertilization and embryonic development. A subsequent section - arranged phylogenetically to encompass annelids, priapulans, molluscs, bryozoans and echinoderms - covers larval morphology and evolution. The final section treats larval or adult populations and includes new information on the role of hydrodynamics to aid in the understanding of larval dispersal and settlement. Illustrated with more than a hundred line drawings and photos - including 60 high-resolution electron micrographs - it should be of interest to professionals and students in evolutionary biology, invertebrate zoology, developmental biology and functional morphology.


The utility model discloses a seedling feeding device of a pot seedling transplanter. The seedling feeding device comprises a seedling box component, a seedling tray toothed belt conveying mechanism, a longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism and a transverse seedling feeding mechanism, wherein the transverse seedling feeding mechanism consists of a pair of non-circular gear drivers and a screw driver; a driving gear fixed on a power input shaft is meshed with a driven gear fixed on a screw shaft; a sliding block component fixedly connected with a seedling box panel is arranged in a spiral slide way on the screw shaft; a shifter lever is fixedly arranged at one end of the screw shaft; swing rods of a power input part of the longitudinal seedling feeding mechanism are pushed by the shifter lever through a shifter lever roller arranged at the tail end of the shifter lever; the swing rods are respectively and fixedly arranged at the left end and the right end of a swing rod shaft; a driving rod of a four-link mechanism is fixedly arranged at one end of the left side of the swing rod shaft; a pair of reverse ratchet wheels are arranged together with a driving belt wheel shaft in a coaxial way and are used for driving and locking a toothed belt to convey a seedling tray downwards. According to the seedling feeding device, the seedlings can be fed along the transverse direction at the non-uniform velocity; the pair of reverse ratchet wheels are used for driving a belt wheel, so that the belt wheel can be accurately driven to rotate, the ratchet wheels can be locked in two directions, and the seedling tray can be accurately conveyed.


Facts are the logical starting point in the science of evidence law.The identification of facts is the prerequisite of impartial judgement.The scientific trend of fact identification goes with international requirement.Therefore,the focus of present judicial expertise should be on the establishment of expertise organizations,the qualification of expertise personnel and the standardization of expertise procedure.


The formation of lammas shoots and flowering in Pinus densiflora (SIEB. & ZUCC.) were investigated from 1990 to 2003, and their relationship with the temperature conditions prevailing during the months of July and August of each year, which is the leaf primordia differentiation phase, was investigated. Observations revealed that the longest lammas shoots developed during the months of July and August in 1995 when the highest mean temperature was recorded. In the years when the temperatures in July and August are high, a tendency to form longer lammas shoots is recognized. In addition, the number of leaf primordia differentiated per bud in late August was measured, and the relationships between the number of leaf primordia differentiated, the temperatures during July and August, and lammas shoots length were examined. The highest number of leaf primordia and the longest lammas shoots developed in 1995, when the temperatures were the highest. On the basis of these observations, it was inferred that the leaf primordia differentiation and the subsequent elongation of lammas shoots was facilitated in the years experiencing high temperatures during July and August, such as in 1995. On the other hand, since it was known that lammas shoots having length between 40 and 60 mm facilitated the differentiation of male flower, the relationship between the length of the lammas shoots and the male flowers that bloomed in the subsequent year was also investigated in the present study. The mean length of the lammas shoots differed greatly and was between 8 and 22 mm each year. Furthermore, the percentage of buds (lammas shoots) that contained male flowers was low, 0.0%-6.2%, and there was no difference among them. These observations can be attributed to the fact that the growth of lammas shoots having lengths between 40 and 60 mm was scarce between 1990 and 2003.


Interview with Vural Özdemir (McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada) and Edward S Dove (Columbia University, New York, NY, USA) Professor Prainsack earned her PhD at the University of Vienna (Austria) and was awarded the prize for the 'Best Political Science Dissertation' of 2003–2004 by the Austrian Political Science Association. As a faculty and principal investigator, she held numerous research grants, including the 'Genes Without Borders – Towards Global Genomic Governance' from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research. She has been a visiting professor in International Studies at Ramkamhaeng University (Bangkok, Thailand) and at Goethe University (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and held a 6-month Fellowship on 'Solidarity as a Core Value in Bioethics' at the Nuffield Council on Bioethics (London, 2011). Professor Prainsack is currently the UK's representative for the European Co-operation in the field of Science and Technology (COST) Domain Committee for Individuals, Societies, Cultures and Health (ISCH), and a member of the National Bioethics Commission in Austria. In 2011 she was appointed as the Chair of the new European Science Foundation's (ESF) Forward Look on Personalized Medicine for the European Citizen.


In this special issue, we have collected reviews based on the invited lectures of the VIIth International Meeting on Steroids and Nervous System (Torino, Italy, February 2013). They cover the majority of the actual and future hot topics in this field of the neuroendocrinology. The relationships among steroid hormones and the nervous system have been the topic of many studies, which started from very old experiments illustrating the effects of castration on both brain structure and behaviour, as conducted by Gall in 1818, Vimont in 1835 and Berthold in 1849 (1). For a long time, the brain and the peripheral nervous system were indicated as targets of the action of the steroid hormones produced by gonads or adrenals. This view was confirmed by the discovery of a wide distribution of steroid hormone receptors within the nervous tissue of all vertebrates (2,3) and by the finding that steroid hormone receptors were nuclear receptors able to regulate gene expression (4). Thus, this research field was focused for a long time in a paradigm that can be summarised as: peripheral glands may regulate the development, differentiation and activity of neural circuits through the interactions of their hormones with the appropriate nuclear receptors expressed by nerve cells. According to this view, the chief action of steroid hormones should be the long-term regulation of neural processes that, in the case of neural development and differentiation, may result in permanent organisational effects. However, this view of the action of the steroid hormones on the nervous tissue was incomplete and in contrast to earlier studies illustrating rapid changes in biochemical reactions in the cytoplasm (5) and with several studies completed in the late 1970s and in 1980s showing that steroids (or some of their metabolites) can bind specifically to purified synaptic membranes (6), rapidly modify electrophysiological properties (7) or modulate the action of some receptors (8). More or less at the same time, it was discovered that androgens produced by the testis and the adrenal may be converted within the brain into more active molecules such as oestrogens (the aromatisation hypothesis) (9). This last discovery opened the door to the idea that the steroiddependent neural functions are conditioned not only by the actions of the endocrine glands, but also that the nervous system can modify and/or interfere with the actions of hormones. This hypothesis was strongly reinforced in 1981 by the unexpected discovery by Corpechot et al. (10) of the synthesis of steroids (called neurosteroids) directly in the central nervous system. Thus, during the 1990s, the view of how steroids can interact with the nervous system turned to a complex system in which endocrine glands and nerve cells not only cooperate through classical endocrine, but also with paracrine and/or autocrine mechanisms to regulate brain functions (11). This regulation is not only a longterm adaptation, but also involves short-term alterations of nerve cell activity in many cases; thus, the search for so called nonclassical steroid receptors and mechanisms of action received a new input from these discoveries (12). Therefore, in the last 15 years, the study of the interactions between steroids, now named neuroactive steroids (13), and the nervous system has received great attention from the scientific community (e.g. the determination of various signalling pathways involving classical and nonclassical steroid receptors, their role in sexual differentiation of the brain, and in the control of reproduction and behaviours) (14). These molecules may also represent interesting tools for therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, which, in many cases, show sex differences in their incidence, symptomatology, neurodegenerative outcome and, interestingly, in the levels of neuroactive steroids (15–17).


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: in the method of registering a participant of a community, a community service server, an authentication server and a plurality of portable terminals are connected over a network. The community service server provides a community service. The authentication server determines whether a participant has the right to use services provided by the community service server and portable terminals can directly communicate with each other. The identification terminal obtained from the portable terminal of the invited party is transmitted together with a registration request through the portable terminal of the inviting party to the authentication server; an account for the invited party is created in the authentication server in response to the registration request; said account is sent to the portable terminal of the inviting party from the authentication server; and said account is sent from the portable terminal of the inviting party to the portable terminal of the invited party. EFFECT: high security of information sent over a network from user terminals to a community service server. 12 cl, 11 dwg


Along with the rapid development of internet application and hacking techniques,these events such as planting Trojan horse and publishing sensitive information are endless.This paper reported the construction of PHPBB website based on the LAMP platform and analyzed the directory structure,configuration files,running processes of the LAMP platform.Then,it analyzed the database and the Apache access log in the LAMP platform to find out the running trace of the web server through publishing false information and planting Trojan horse into the website in the lab environment and putted forward specific methods on how to trace and locate malicious IP address in the LAMP platform.


A comparison of the 10 V Josephson array voltage standard of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was made with that of the Service Métrologie – Metrologische Dienst (SMD), Belgium, in November 2009. For this exercise, the option B of the BIPM.EM-K10.b comparison protocol was applied. The results of both participants are in very good agreement and the overall relative standard uncertainty is 1.3 parts in 1010. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).


In this paper the problem of cooperative tracking of multiple targets for multi-agent systems is investigated. Defining problem of target tracking as gathering maximum rewards associated with the targets, an optimization-based algorithm is presented. A cooperative receding horizon controller for reaching moving targets is proposed. Agents are controlled by adjusting their headings toward the moving targets. A notable advantage of the proposed approach is the estimations of target's motion and planning the agent's heading based on them. Simulation results are provided to verify the efficiency of the proposed method.


Dedicated to Professor Kazuaki Kobayashi for his 60th birthday. We show that the Vassiliev invariants of the knots contained in an embedding of a graph G into R 3 satisify certain equations that are independent of the choice of the embedding of G. By a similar observation we define certain edge-homotopy invariants andvertex-homotopy invariants of spatial graphs basedon the Vassiliev invariants of the knots containedin a spatial graph. A graph G is calledad aptable if, given a knot type for each cycle of G, there is an embedding of G into R 3 that realizes all of these knot types. As an application we show that a certain planar graph is not adaptable.


3 Global warming is a substantial issue, and addressing it requires robust data on corporate environmental performance. However, there is still an information gap in indirect emissions — particularly Scope 3 emissions — due to the small number of reporting companies, greenwashing practices, and low comparability across reports. In this study, we propose a new Hybrid-LCA approach for estimating corporate Scope 3 emissions for a large universe of companies following the Greenhouse Gas Protocol framework. Our approach recovers expected trends in emissions while maintaining the comparability and transparency needed for decision-making. Moreover, we observe an asymmetric bias with respect to self-reported data from the Carbon Disclosure Project. Our analysis indicates that this bias is partially related to poor environmental management practices in firm disclosures, which we proxy by factoring in the verification status of firms' reports. This work calls for greater scrutiny in Scope 3 reporting to ensure the accuracy of emission data and promote better environmental management practices


Summary Cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) possess a lot of advantages over conventional parallel manipulators and link-based robot manipulators in terms of acceleration due to their low inertia. This paper deals with under-constrained CDPRs, which manipulate the end-effector to carrying the payload by using a number of cables less than six, often used preferably owing to their simple structures. Since a smaller number of cables than six are used, the end-effector of CDPR has uncontrollable degrees of freedom and that causes swaying motion and oscillations. In this paper, a scheme to curb on the unwanted oscillation of the end-effector of the CDPR with three cables is proposed based on multimode input shaping. The precise dynamic model of the under-constrained CDPR is obtained to find natural frequencies, which depends on the position of the end-effector. The advantage of the proposed method is that it is practicable to generate the trajectories for vibration suppression based on multi-mode input-shaping scheme in spite of the complexity in the dynamics and the difficulty in computing the natural frequencies of the CDPR, which are required in any input-shaping scheme. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, computer simulations and experiments were carried out by using 3-D motion for CDPR with three cables.


Abstract : An experimental investigation of air flow in an annular inlet and diffuser was conducted using a photon-correlating laser doppler anemometer. The inlet has an inside wall radius of 22.9 cm (9.0 in.) and a cross-sectional area of 0.0426 sq m (0.4583 sq ft). The diffuser walls have a divergence half-angle of seven deg. Flow rates in the vicinity of 0.25 kg/sec (0.55 lbm/sec) were studied. The Reynolds number in the annular inlet was 18300. Flow in the annulus was turbulent and boundary layer growth was approximately 20% less than that predicted using flat plate boundary layer assumptions. The laser anemometer measurements are compared to hot film anemometer measurements. Good comparison was obtained except in the annular inlet. The difference is probably due to the differing boundary layer growth rates between the laser and hot film anemometer tests since they were conducted with different mass flow rates. The photon-correlating laser doppler anemometer is evaluated in this application. The flexibility of a laser anemometer system in measuring 3-dimensional, internal flow is determined by two factors: the system's frequency shifting capability and the geometry of its optics. Reflected background light is inherent in measuring internal flows. Without a means of reducing the signal caused by this light, long measurement times are necessary for each data point.


Introduction:
 Sudden cardiac arrest has been documented in athletes, often secondary to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy or previously undetected genetic conditions. Some athletes, however, experience these events without evidence of either LV or genetic disease. A hypothetical exercise-induced arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) has been previously described by La Gerche and colleagues, acquired through repeated, intense endurance exercise and associated cardiac remodeling rather than genetic inheritance. We present a case report of an endurance athlete presenting with ventricular tachycardia (VT), suspected to be secondary to exercise-induced ARVC.

 Results:
 A 40 year-old male endurance athlete was brought to the emergency department when he collapsed following a race in 2006. Upon arrival, he was in sustained wide-complex tachycardia at a rate of 200-220 BPM. Following conversion with IV amiodarone, left heart catheterization was performed, showing no significant coronary disease and LV ejection fraction (EF) measured 30-35%. He then underwent right ventricular outflow tract ablation. Cardiac MRI was inconclusive for ARVC. Biopsy was performed, negative for amyloidosis but with "focal mild to moderate chronic interstitial inflammatory infiltrates associated with focal muscle fiber necrosis." Genetic testing was negative for pathologic variants or mutations associated with ARVC. Echocardiogram from 2020 showed EF 40-44% with significant RV enlargement and dysfunction. He required repeat VT ablation in 2010, 2014, and 2017. Arrhythmogenic scar was identified by electrophysiology mapping to be located at the sub-tricuspid RV. In combination with the prior RV outflow tract ablation, this is suggestive of the theoretical exercise-induced ARVC.

 Conclusions:
 There is still debate regarding right ventricular remodeling in endurance athletes. Increased volume and pressure in response to demand for cardiac output associated with this intense exercise has been proposed as a possible etiology of RV cardiomyopathy in athletes without identifiable genetic predisposition. Our case report supports this hypothesis.


The Understanding Of The Sunnah Of Abu'l-Hasan El-Kharakani The understanding of the Sunnah of Abu'l-Hasan el-Kharakani was studied and how he understood and carried out the Sunnah of the Prophet was tried to exemplify with his words in this article. He was an Islamic thinker who was guided by Qur'an and Sunnah throughout his life. When his words and speeches were analyzed, it was understood that he has digested verses and hadiths and has took them as a reference in his speeches. el-Kharakani managed to reach high spiritual degrees through by taking tightly orders of Qur'an and Sunnah, taking Companions as a model for him, at the end of the an exquisite deep contemplation and * Bu makalenin icerik acisindan olgunlasmasina gorus ve onerileriyle katki sunan degerli hocam Prof. Dr. Habil Şenturk'e, meslektasim Yrd. Doc. Dr. Yusuf Acikel'e ve isimlerini bilemedigim hakemlere tesekkuru borc bilirim. serious struggle with satan and nefs. He always didn't give importance temporary beauty of this world and he didn't hope the material, position and rank. He has not taken seriously that those who can not estimate that the level where he was and has said that no sense for him their assessments, criticisms or praises. Only one can say like word that he is not expect the applause and admiration of the people but the consent of Allah. According to the understanding of Sunnah of el-Kharakani it is not right to do certain acts of worship. According to him, if a man does not unify the essence of shape and the spirit and meaning of the word and surrender to God, he will not be perfect man. Perfect man (insan-i kâmil) makes the studies focused on individual and society in addition to daily worship. He produces the remedies for the global problems of mankind, tries to introduce Islam to all the people, treats to them with love, mercy and compassion. He continuously efforts to beautify his morality and exhibits behaviors which to be an example for the whole world.


INNER NATURE EXHIBITION is a non-profit cultural project that aims to propose a reflection on the eco-social crisis. It is a travelling video art show that interacts with other proposals organized by the different cultural centers that host it at national and international level, generating spaces of encounter, exchange and reflection. In its third edition, the project tries new formulas for relating local contexts to global problems. We urgently need cultural tools to make the ecological crisis visible and to deconstruct the dominant discourses that legitimize an unsustainable system. Issues such as peak-oil or climate change indicate the possibility of an unprecedented eco-social collapse. That is why it is essential to build alternative ways of working in the local contexts to rethink our sense of the common and to simultaneously cooperate with international institutions that can seek answers to shared problems. In this context, we explore the potential of video art as a tool to create awareness, while maintaining a critical viewpoint on the most technophilic discourses that tend to forget that technologies too are dependent on ecosystems. The experience of INNER NATURE EXHIBITION serves as a case study to analyze in practice the main contributions and possible limits of this type of cultural initiatives.


Background: It is important that health professionals have an understanding of each others' roles in order to promote patient-centred care and services available. Within obstetrics it is necessary, as key information informers, that midwives and student midwives understand the role physiotherapists can offer. Aim: To explore student midwives understanding of physiotherapy in the antenatal and postnatal setting and what role they recognise it plays within UK healthcare. Method: Adopting a qualitative exploratory approach, a focus group was conducted to explore midwifery students' experiences. Data were analysed using an adapted thematic analysis process. Results: Five key themes were identified: 1. Role recognition is needed, 2. Lack of knowledge: 'But we don't know what a physiotherapist does', 3. A perceived view, 4. Utilised? 'Yes. But…' and 5. Beneficial? Conclusion: Participants recognised the importance for role understanding, had a perceived view of physiotherapy closely related to the Association o...


The weakest bus in a network is the first point where voltage collapses in a severe contingency. The weakest bus may change with system configurations and operating conditions. This paper proposes a technique to evaluate the weakest bus and system reliability based on system voltage stability under various system contingencies and operation conditions. A power system is divided into safety, margin, risk, and collapse zones according to the practical voltage limitations and voltage collapse point. The three voltage collapse indicators of Minimum Voltage Index (MVI), voltage change index (VCI) and voltage collapse proximity indicator (VCPI) are adopted for determining the voltage distance to the collapse point and weakest bus identification. The IEEE 30-bus system has been modified and analyzed to illustrate the proposed technique. The results provide system planners and operators very important information for the weakest points at different contingencies.


The narrowing deformation of reservoir valley during the initial operation period threatens the long-term safety of the dam, and an accurate prediction of valley deformation (VD) remains a challenging part of risk mitigation. In order to enhance the accuracy of VD prediction, a novel hybrid model combining Ensemble empirical mode decomposition based interval threshold denoising (EEMD-ITD), Differential evolutions—Shuffled frog leaping algorithm (DE-SFLA) and Least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is proposed. The non-stationary VD series is firstly decomposed into several stationary subseries by EEMD; then, ITD is applied for redundant information denoising on special sub-series, and the denoised deformation is divided into the trend and periodic deformation components. Meanwhile, several relevant triggering factors affecting the VD are considered, from which the input features are extracted by Grey relational analysis (GRA). After that, DE-SFLA-LSSVM is separately performed to predict the trend and periodic deformation with the optimal inputs. Ultimately, the two individual forecast components are reconstructed to obtain the final predicted values. Two VD series monitored in Xiluodu reservoir region are utilized to verify the proposed model. The results demonstrate that: (1) Compared with Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), better denoising performance can be achieved by EEMD-ITD; (2) Using GRA to screen the optimal input features can effectively quantify the deformation response relationship to the triggering factors, and reduce the model complexity; (3) The proposed hybrid model in this study displays superior performance on some compared models (e.g., LSSVM, Backward Propagation neural network (BPNN), and DE-SFLA-BPNN) in terms of forecast accuracy.


The characteristics of unsteady wind forces on a basic shaped body under step-function-like gusty wind were investigated using a specially-equipped wind tunnel. We found that a more remarkable overshoot phenomenon of wind force appeared in case of a gust with a shorter rise time, a lower wind speed and a larger section-size of body. Moreover, it turned out that the overshoot coefficient which was defined by a ratio of its maximum to a steady-state value of wind force was determined by the non-dimensional rise time which was composed by its rise time, gust speed and section-size of a body.


The theory of Structural Cognitive Modifiability, and its applied systems, arefor decades a reference point for the Italian school. In recent years, the issueof foreign students' integration, and the intercultural challenges, givethese instruments a possibility of application, perhaps new to us, but alwayscentral and foundational in Feuerstein's experience: foster the inclusion ofyoung immigrants into society, make sure that the change brought about bythe migration process becomes a source of cognitive modifiability andlearning motor. It becomes crucial, in this context, the mediation of feelingof competence.


As a result of investigation development of geological ecology of snakes we can predict venom properties practically from any region, to make a catch of snakes in certain populations and necessary level of ferment activity. Progressive pollution of biosphere of Azerbaijan by technogen waste products lead to its significant saturation by toxic chemical elements, including heavy metals (Ni 41-142, Pb 21-38, Cr 89-213, Zn 18-147, Cu 20-51, Cd 0.8-4.2 mg/kg). Comparative study of metal concentration in venom composition and soil cover allows to establish the correlation between pollution and toxic composition in venom in natural conditions and in captivity. Thus, to explain the relationship to soil ecology conditions of venom property change one can pay attention on elementary composition of zootoxins and toxin content in given specific conditions.


Taking the example of sugar industry this paper questions whether price controls do really protect vulnerable sections of society. The dual pricing system for sugar is discussed in depth. Some implications of the dual pricing system are indicated.


Synopsis In a partly retrospective, partly follow-up study, 27 patients aged 1 year 10 months to 16 years 2 months with reversible somatotropin deficiency, showed a relationship between the rate of statural growth and sleep, graded as good, poor, or mixed. During periods of good sleep the overall growth rate averaged 1·04 cm per month, and during periods of poor sleep it averaged 0·34 cm per month (t=8·46, df=32, P<0·001). Presumably, good growth, good sleep, and optimal nocturnal somatotropin release intercorrelate in this syndrome of dwarfism, but the data with regard to nocturnal somatotropin release remain to be demonstrated empirically.


Fine-scale structures in a turbulent channel flow and boundary layer at comparable Reynolds numbers are studied through the velocity gradient tensor. The joint pdf of the two invariants of the tensor that characterize the topology of the structures collapse well among these flows under the Kolmogorov scaling in both, the inner and outer layers. However, the averaged time-evolution of the invariant differs among these flows even in the inner layer. This discrepancy is caused by the different effect of the pressure field on the dynamics of these invariants. By using filtered velocity fields, large-scale structures in the outer layer have also been studied. Their topology is similar to smaller-scales, but less intermittency is observed.


Number of researches outlines the relations between religions and trade but few focused on the two-way relationship shared between religions and trade networks and the role of marketing infrastructure in facilitating this relationship. This article aims to fill this gap by examining the role of trade networks in the dissemination of Buddhism and Hinduism in China and Southeast Asia and how these religions facilitated trade networks in expanding their businesses. Historical data reveals a strong link between the two and marketing made an important contribution in developing these links further. Contemporary data on the basis of supply-side theory shows new marketing strategies introduced in religious marketplace leading to commodification of religions with an emphasis religiosity in Thailand as a case study.


Two studies were performed with participants suffering from one of two inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's Disease or Ulcerative Colitis). One of the main thrusts of the research was to compare two theoretical models of the stress and illness relationship (namely the Transactional model and the negative affectivity/latent variable model). The first study, a cross-sectional design was intended to elucidate some of the demographic, personological, and behavioural factors involved in experience of disease activity. Disease differences and gender differences are also discussed. Personological, behavioural, and medical factors were used to attempt to predict disease experience outcome - perceived stress, neuroticism, and perceived disease severity being notable successes in predicting disease experience outcome over and above clinical predictors used. The second study, a pilot of a longitudinal study, investigated the temporal relationship between these psychological factors and the daily course of the disease over a 28-day period. The results from both studies support the theory of a link between perceived stress and disease activity experience. The results from both studies are also used to attempt to evaluate two models of stress and illness (Transactional and latent variable). The success of this support for either theory is limited and is discussed in detail. Both studies do, however, show the importance of considering psychological factors in these disease populations.


Applied Research Associated, Inc. (ARA), under contract to Argonne National Laboratory to perform work for Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), conducted Peizo Cone Penetration (P-CPT) Tests as part of an investigation of the fine-textured soils at the McGee Ranch Site. The purpose of the investigation was to characterize a potential borrow area for fine-textured soil materials that would be used to construct multi-layer closure covers on the Hanford Site. As part of the investigation, WHC conducted non auger-drill borings on the site during September 1992. ARA`s objective was to characterize the soils at the McGee Ranch site using the cone penetrometer and compare the findings with the lithologic characterization obtained from geologic boring logs. This report documents ARA`s site investigation efforts, test techniques, and analysis of the data for field work conducted April 14 and 15, 1993.


Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis is a type of interstitial lung disease seen only in infants. It is characterised by the interstitium being expanded by poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells with abundant glycogen. The pathogenesis and the aetiology of the condition is not well known. It carries a more favourable prognosis than paediatric interstitial lung disease in general but morbidity may be associated with coexisting lung conditions.


Background: Osteoarthritis is amongst the most common musculoskeletal condition which affects overall function and quality of life in Indian population. Clinical features of knee osteoarthritis include pain which affects functional mobility of joints and thus interferes with walking and activities of daily living. Quadriceps function declines with age, and is further impaired in patients with knee and may contribute to risk of fall. The Aim of the present study was to find the effectiveness of eccentric exercise and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on quadriceps function in grade II osteoarthritis.
Objectives: To find the effect of eccentric exercise and Neuromuscular Electrical stimulation on quadriceps Isometric strength in grade II osteoarthritis. To find the effect of eccentric exercise and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on pain and disability in grade II osteoarthritis.
Methodology: Permission from the head of institution and approval from the ethical committee were obtained. Patients pre-diagnosed with Grade II OA were selected for this study. Consent was taken from the patients after confirming the diagnosis of Grade II OA. The subjects were divided into two groups. One group consisted of a combination of Eccentric exercise and NMES (E+N) and the second group consisted of Eccentric exercise itself (E). Allotment of the subjects was done by Block Randomization method.
Result: Group 1 (NMES +ECC) expressed better increase in Maximum Voluntary Contraction of Quadriceps as compared to Group 2(ECC). There was an increase in walking speed in Group 1 (NMES+ ECC) compared to the Walking speed in Group 2 (ECC). The WOMAC score decreased equally in both the groups.
Conclusion: The results concluded that quadriceps muscle function showed improvement in both the groups after intervention. But the increase in quadriceps muscle function was more significant in group 1 when it was compared to group 2 post interventions.


Particle Filter(PF) is an efficient tool for non-rigidity objects tracking.The paper presents a Bayesian-based PF method for objects tracking in dynamic scenes and discusses the Bayesian estimation algorithm and the PF process.Used the color histograms correspond to the particles' rectangles in the sequence images as the measurement and they are compared to the reference histogram so that to obtain the optimized posteriori probabilities.The robust mean technique is chosen to ascertain the objects'positions.Single object and multi objects tracking are performed in the experiments.The results are compared with that of mean-shift algorithm.It's proved that this method is more efficient.


The enormous amounts of food going as waste to landfills is of great concern in Saudi Arabia. The issue of food waste is complex, with its numerous social, cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability dimensions warranting further investigations. Food waste is one of the prime issues threatening food security in Saudi Arabia. This article aims to gauge the real issue, to create awareness among those who waste large amounts of food, and to encourage planners and policy makers to implement corrective measures. This article aims to stimulate interest within the scientific community, seek support from different branches of Saudi Arabian government, and engage all major segments of society. A thorough search of the international scientific publications and the grey literature published in English and Arabic was made. It was discovered that the available literature is scarce, and tends to focus on finding knowledge about the problem rather than on generating solutions. Thus, further research should attempt to find ways to form strategies and to test new ideas and interventions that could reduce food waste, particularly in the hospitality sector and within households. Based on the analysis presented in this paper, the recommended course of action for Saudi Arabia is to launch an integrated "Stop Wasting Food" campaign that would include all stakeholders. Raising awareness about the detrimental consequences of food waste and encouraging behavioral changes to reduce this squandering of precious resources is the first step in addressing the issue. There is an urgent need to promote behavioral changes in Saudi Arabian society, particularly among prime food wasters: women and youth.


Upon his death, King Herod bequeathed his kingdom to his three sons, Archelaus, Herod Antipas, and Herod Philip. Part of the kingdom was bequeathed to his sister, Salome. Caesar Augustus's confirmation of Herod's will established, in practice, another toparchy within the Jordan Valley. This toparchy included the village of Archelais, established by Archelaus and transferred to Salome when Archelaus was removed from government in 6 AD; Phasaelis, a city established by Herod in 8 BC in memory of his brother Phasael only several years before Herod's death; and Livias, a town that began as an estate awarded to Salome in Herod's last will, and was subsequently named for the wife of Roman Caesar Augustus. After Salome's death the Toparchy of Salome located north of the toparchy of Jericho in the northern Jordan Valley, was transferred to Livia, wife of Roman Caesar Augustus in 10 AD, and in 29 AD it was annexed once again to the territory encompassed by the toparchy of Jericho. The Toparchy of Salome was formed in three stages: The first was the establishment of the city of Phasaelis. In the second stage Salome's estate was added, and in the third stage Archelais was added in 6 AD. The combination of the three settlements created a territorial continuity, while Salome headed the administrative unit and received the status of governor. This made it possible to define the territory held by Salome as a toparchy. Although it only existed for a short period of time, it bears witness to an independent administrative entity governed by Salome, sister of King Herod, concomitant with the rule of Herod's three sons.


We consider a nonempty set X endowed with a metric d an order relation and an operator f : X → X, which satisfies two main assumptions: (1) f is generalized monotone with respect to ; (2) f is a (generalized) contraction with respect to d on a certain subset Y of X ×X. In the above terms, we will present conditions under which: (i) f has a unique fixed point in X; (ii) f is a Picard operator; (iii) the fixed point problem for f is well-posed; (iv) f has the Ostrowski property; (v) f has the shadowing property; (vi) f satisfies to some Gronwall type inequalities. Then, we will apply these results to study some problems related to integral and differential equations. Several open questions are discussed.


Polyamide 66/clay nanocomposites (PA66CN) were prepared via a melt compounding method using a new kind of organophilic clay, which was obtained through co-intercalation of epoxy resin and quaternary ammonium into Na-montmorillonite. The dispersion effect of silicate layers in the matrix was studied by means of XRD and TEM. The silicate layers were dispersed homogeneously and nearly exfoliated in the matrix as a result of the strong interaction between epoxy groups and PA66. The mechanical properties and heat distortion temperature (HDT) of PA66CN increased dramatically. The notched Izod impact strength of PA66CN was 50% higher than that of PA66 when the clay loading was 5 wt.-%. Even at 10 wt.-% clay content, the impact strength was still higher than that of PA66. The finely dispersed silicate layers and the strong interaction between silicate layers and the matrix reduced the water absorption, at 10 wt.-% clay content; PA66CN only absorbs 60% water compared with PA66. The addition of silicate layers changed the crystal structure in PA66CN.


The invention relates to a mobile robot positioning system and a method based on the plurality of the two-dimensional code readers. The mobile robot positioning system and the method are characterized in that the positioning system comprises a two-dimensional code positioning controller mounted on a mobile robot trolley, at least two two-dimensional code readers and two-dimensional code tags which are distributed on the ground, the two-dimensional code positioning controller is composed of a microprocessor and a communication interface which is connected with the at least two two-dimensional code readers; and the positioning method includes building three coordinate systems, calculating a deviation angle of the mobile robot trolley in a trolley coordinate system relative to a central point connection line of two two-dimensional codes, calculating a deviation angle of the central point connection line of two two-dimensional codes relative to a world coordinate system and calculating a deviation angle of the mobile robot trolley relative to the world coordinate system to obtain an accurate position of the mobile robot. According to the mobile robot positioning system and the method, the design is reasonable, an accurate positioning function for the mobile robot is achieved, and advantages of high accuracy and stability, implement convenience and the like are provided.


Introduction: The lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), frequently occurs among practitioners of activities of great impact and changes of direction, because these individuals present a greater load of tension and develop small damages to the ligament that may cause rupture, requiring surgical reconstruction of the ACL. Decreased strength after reconstruction has been linked to poor function and altered biomechanics, interfering with routine activities of daily living, thus making it unfeasible to return to sports activities. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of strengthening exercises in functional recovery after ACL reconstruction. Methods: This research is an integrative review based on complete articles published in the last 10 years indexed in PubMed and Portal Periódicos CAPES. To select the articles the following keywords were used: "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction" AND "Exercise Therapy"; "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries" AND "Exercise Therapy". Results: 36 articles were found, and 5 articles were selected. They were unanimous in presenting significantly positive results in the use of exercises in functional rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: It is concluded that exercise therapy is effective for individuals undergoing ACL reconstruction, the improvement of functionality and the return to routine activities or sports are directly related to exercise therapy.


offered greater prospects of success – sits uncomfortably alongside the book's view that Hitler's quest to conquer Lebensraum was hopeless. If Hitler's goal was delusional, what sense does it make to say that his strategic or tactical choices were rational or even plausible in that context, especially since Fritz observes that in Hitler's mind 'events reinforced his preconceived ideas' (p. 130), always leading him into flights forward to stave off impending disaster? At the end of November 1941, the senior Nazi engineer Fritz Todt told Hitler that he had to negotiate an end to what had become an unwinnable war, and others advised him similarly afterwards. Instead, he fought on in 1943–1944 in the diminishing hope of somehow stalemating his adversaries and then in 1945 in order to lay the basis through a glorious martyrdom for the resurrection of his ideas at a future date. The latter decision cost the German army more soldiers in each month from January to April than were lost at Stalingrad and more lives in total than in all the battles of 1942–1943 (pp. 343-344), not to mention the toll on the Reich's civilian population, of whose fate the Führer had washed his hands. Saying that Hitler's persistence was consistent with his solipsism, as Fritz does in the last two chapters, threatens either to distract readers from such murderousness or to make them see the Nazi leader's putative 'rationality' as deranged. Fritz takes pains to head off either result, but his is a precarious balancing act. That said, students of military history, and of the Second World War in particular, will learn much from this book. The descriptions of campaigns and explanations for their outcomes are cogent and well-reasoned. Fritz' debunking of postwar pretensions to 'lost victories' on the part of Hitler's surviving generals rings true, if rather unsurprising, and his identification of moments when the Nazi Führer exhibited shrewd military judgement will prompt reconsideration. Above all, readers will come away with an appropriately suspect view of the uppermost ranks of German military leadership during the Second World War.


Hopf crossed products, or in other words, cleft comodule algebras form a special but important class in Hopf-Galois extensions. To discuss this interesting subject, we will start with the more familiar group crossed products, and then see that they are naturally generalized by Hopf crossed products; these Hopf crossed products are characterized as Hopf-Galois extensions with normal basis. After showing this characterization due to Doi and Takeuchi, we will proceed to two applications of Hopf crossed products---the equivariant smoothness of Hopf algebras, and the tensor product decomposition in super-commutative Hopf superalgebras.


Offline metrics for IR evaluation are often derived from a user model that seeks to capture the interaction between the user and the ranking, conflating the interaction with a ranking of documents with the user's interaction with the search results page. A desirable property of any effectiveness metric is if the scores it generates over a set of rankings correlate well with the "satisfaction" or "goodness" scores attributed to those same rankings by a population of searchers. Using data from a large-scale web search engine, we find that offline effectiveness metrics do not correlate well with a behavioural measure of satisfaction that can be inferred from user activity logs. We then examine three mechanisms to improve the correlation: tuning the model parameters; improving the label coverage, so that more kinds of item are labelled and hence included in the evaluation; and modifying the underlying user models that describe the metrics. In combination, these three mechanisms transform a wide range of common metrics into "card-aware" variants which allow for the gain from cards (or snippets), varying probabilities of clickthrough, and good abandonment.


AIP1, a novel member of Ras‐GAP, is downregulated in tumor progression and functions as a regulator in endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro. The function of AIP1 in vivo is not known. In the present study, we have generated AIP1‐deficient mice which are normal in gross growth and breeding. However, AIP1‐KO mice show dramatically enhanced angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimb, inflammatory sponge angiogenesis models. In these models enhanced VEGF‐VEGFR2 signaling and severe vascular leakage were observed in AIP1‐KO mice. Furthermore, VEGF‐induced cornea and ear neovascularization was greatly augmented in AIP1‐KO mice. Consistently, mouse EC isolated from AIP1‐KO mice exhibit enhanced VEGF‐induced migration and tube formation as well as VEGF‐VEGFR2 signaling. Further mechanistic studies suggest that AIP1 via its C2 domain directly binds to VEGFR2 and induces endocytosis and degradation of VEGFR2. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AIP1 functions as a endogenous angiogenic inhibitor by suppressing VEGFR2‐dependent signaling.


"My mother...[sitting] where the light / fell on her hands," restruc? tured the tight fabric "with floss, white on white /openwork borders, arabesqued windows." I like to fill my poems with sensory images that will also work as metaphors I'm using the term in its broadest sense to mean any kind of overt or implicit analogy and then proceed literally within that framework. In "Linens," I say something about women's lives by talking about the linens that I inherited and saved and which had been part of my mother's corredo the linens and clothes a woman took with her when she married. Her trousseau, jewelry, and dowry, if she received one, constituted the women's portion of the family posses? sions, which I like to call her "matrimony." The women of my mother's generation, denied the education they yearned for, made the best of what they had. They became dressmakers some making their own patterns at the age of twelve; they wove lin? ens, blankets and bedspreads; they stuffed comforters with wool, em? broidered, knit, crotcheted. Their work, though, could never become a business, an art, a way of earning independence and recognition. Their sphere remained private, and some thrived within these constraints, while others suffered, and their growth was stunted; their voices, si? lenced or muted; some perished on both sides of the Atlantic, because they didn't have the freedom and resources to change. Even in contem? porary America, women are still "[stretched]...into shape while damp," by their families and the culture in which they live. Until very recently, the Italian-American culture has always been among the more restric? tive.


The reservoir performance of Member 8 of Middle Permian Xiashihezi Formation(He 8) reservoir in the Gaoqiao area of Ordos Basin is summarized and evaluated by analysing the reservoir petrology,reservoir properties,the type of reservoir porosity and pore structure.The lithology of the Upper Paleozoic sandstone reservoir is complicated.There are the lithic quartz-sandstone,quartz sandstone,and lithic sandstones with high compositional maturity and medium textural maturity.The reservoir has low porosity and low permeability.The average porosity is 8.37% and the average permeability is 0.81×10-3 μm2.The pore space of the reservoir mainly includes the secondary dissolved pores between grains,intercrystalline pores,primary residual intergranular pores,and some micro-cracks.The pore structure is expressed as medium-higher displacement pressure,small pore throat radius,and poor connectivity of pore throat.According to the lithology and petrophysical properties of the reservoir,pore type and pore texture parameters,the reservoir is classified into four types.Type II and Ⅲ are the better-medium reservoirs in the research area,and the main reservoirs to increase production in the future.


Purpose – The purpose of this research paper is to discuss cellular manufacturing is discussed under conditions of changing product demand. Traditional cell formation procedures ignore any changes in demand over time from product redesign and other factors. However given that in today's business environment, product life cycles are short, a framework is proposed that creates a multi‐period cellular layout plan including cell redesign where appropriate.Design/methodology/approach – The framework is illustrated using a two‐stage procedure based on the generalized machine assignment problem and dynamic programming. This framework is conceptually compared to virtual cell manufacturing, which is useful when there is uncertainty in demand rather than anticipated changes in demand. A case study is used to explain how the concept would work in practice.Findings – One major characteristic of the proposed method is that it is flexible enough to incorporate existing cell formation procedures. It is shown through an ...


Flavonoid glycosides in citrus were characterised by high-performance liquid chromatography using both ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. The effects of sample preparation on the chromatographic profiles are reported. Key variables in the profiles useful as chemotaxonomic markers were identified with the aid of pattern recognition, which was also used to create sample categories. LC–MS data are presented and the advantages of mass spectrometric detection are demonstrated. © 1997 SCI.


A National Audit Office report has identified the NHS trusts where it says waiting lists have been inappropriately adjusted.

NHS chief executive Nigel Crisp has condemned the managers responsible and launched an action plan to meet recommendations for improvements detailed in the report.

The plan includes carrying out spot checks on hospital waiting list figures and publishing NHS consultant waiting times on the …


_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction: Layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoparticles consist of a versatile drug delivery technique, for targeted and controlled delivery. The Doxorubicin (DRC) is being widely used for treatment of pancreatic cancer (PCR). The present study was performed to develop and evaluation LbL nanoparticles (NP's) of DRC to provide controlled and targeted delivery for effective treatment of PCR. Materials and Method : A liposomal based polymeric pH sensitive NP's were prepared by utilizing LbL techniques. The NP's were composed lipids, poly (b-amino ester) (PAE) and hyaluronic acid (HAC). The physiochemical properties of DRC-LbL NPs was evaluated such as particle size, zeta potential, percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), loading of drug and In-vitro drug release behavior. The surface morphology of LbL NP's was evaluated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release of DRC-LbL-NP's was determined by using Dialysis technique at pH 5 and 7. Results : Results showed that developed DRC-LbL NP's having average particle size of 182.94 + 4.11 nm, zeta potential (ZP) of -42.78± 3.2mV, higher drug entrapment efficiency (EE) of 74.94±3.45. The in-vitro drug release from DRC-LbL NP's exhibited sustained release pattern and it was triggered by lower pH. The surface morphology of developed DRC-LbL NP's exhibited smooth and uniform particle size in nano range. The results from in-vitro drug release showed that there was significant difference in amount of DRC release in both pH media. In phosphate buffer pH 7.4 the total amount of DRC release was found to be 44.82 % after 48 hour of study whereas in pH 5.0 it was recorded 98.24% after 48 hours. Conclusion : The results from present study conclude that DRC-LbL NPs might be a promising candidate for the effective treatment of pancreatic cancer.


The Tynemouth Creek Formation (formerly the Tynemouth Creek and McCoy Head Formation) la redefined and detailed stratigraphic and structural sections through representative parts of the formation are presented. The Tynemouth Creek Formation is of Lower Pennsylvanian age and is at least 800 m thick. It la dominantly clastic, shows an overall upward-coarsening from siltstones and sandstones into conglomerates and was deposited in an alluvial fan and piedmont setting.

Six sedimentary fades are recognised. (1) Coarse, polymict, clast-supported conglomerates dominate the upper part of the formation. (2) Tabular and channelized pebbly sandstones, up to 8 m thick represent braided channels, the former characterized by unstable banks and laterally migrating channels while the latter may have formed on the upper fan when periodic tectonic movement caused rejuvenation of the streams and resultant channel incision. (3) Erosive-based sandstones up to 30 m thick occur near the base of the formation and are interpreted as point-bar deposits of large meandering rivers that existed on the floor of the basin beyond the alluvial fan toe. (4) Thin-bedded sandstones and siltstones were deposited on the banks and in abandoned channels of rivers which locally supported dense growths of Catamites. (5) Red siltstones and sheet sandstones were laid down In interchannel and distal fan areas, the former by low-energy flooding and perhaps wind action; the latter by sheet floods. Faleosols and calcitic nodules are characteristic of this fades. (6) In areas starved of clastic sediment, shallow lakes occasionally formed and accumulated thin bloclastlc (ostracode/gastropod/spirorbid) or algal limestones.

Falaeocurrents are unimodal with a mean flow towards the north-west. The Tynemouth Creek Formation probably represents a sector of a large alluvial fan that built northward from the southern, fault-bounded margin of the Cumberland Basin. The upward-coarsening of the sequence may record continued tectonic rejuvenation of the source area, causing fan progradation and deposition of coarse, fan-head conglomerates over finer, lower fan sediments. A climate of alternating wet and (?hot) dry seasons Is Inferred from the sedimentary evidence as a whole.

 RESUME
 La formation de Tynemouth Creek (autrefois les formations de Tynemouth Creek et de McCoy Head) est redefinie et des coupes stratigraphiques et structurales detaillees, representatives de la formation, sont presentees. La formation de Tynemouth Creek remonte au Pennsylvanien inferieur et mesure au moIns 800 m d'epaisseur. Les roches detritiques y dominent et on percoit une granulometrie croissante passant des roches limoneuses et des gres aux conglomerats, le tout depose en milieu de piemont et de cone de dejection.

On reconnait six facies sedimentaires. (1) Des conglomerats polymictiques grossiers, se soutenant, caracterisent le sonmet de la formation. (2) Des gres caillouteux tabulaires et canneles mesurant jusqu'a 8 m d'epaisseur representent des chenaux anastomoses. Les gres tabulaires sont marques par des berges Instables et une migration laterale des chenaux, tandis que les gres canneles ont probablement ete mis en place sur la portion superieure du cone, a la suite d'episodes tectonlques qui provoquerent le rajeunissement et l'encalasement des cours d'eux. (3) Dans la partle lnferleure de la formation, on trouve des gres a base erosive atteignant jusqu'a 30 m d'epaisseur. Ceux-ci sont interpreted conne les bancs de sable en pointe de grandes rivieres a meandres qui coulaient dans le bassin, au dela de l'extremity inferieure du cone de dejection. (4) Les gres et roches limoneuses finement lites furent deposes le long des dives et dans les chenaux abandonnes des rivieres ou poussait une vegetation luxuriante de Calamites. (5) Des roches limoneuses rouges et des gres en nappes furent deposes entre les chenaux ainsi qu'a la peripheric du cone de dejection: les premieres par des crues de faible energie et peut etre par l'action du vent; les seconds par des crues en nappes. Des nodules calcitiques et des paleosols caracterisent ce facies. (6) Dans les regions depourvues de sediments detritiques, des lacs peu profonds se forme rent a l'occasion et de minces calcaires bioclastiques (ostracodes/gastropodes) ou a alques s'y accumulerent.

Un groupement unimodal des paleocourants est note, avec un vecteur moyen vers le nord-ouest. La formation de Tynemouth Creek correspond probablement a la portion d'un grand cone de dejection qui s'est edifie en direction nord, a partir de la bordure faillee du Bassin de Cumberland. La granulometrie croissante ce la sequence correspond peut etre a un rajeunissement tectonique continue de la region source, accompagne de la progression du cone ainsi que de la deposition de conglomerats grossiers du cone superieur sur les sediments plus fins de la partie inferieure du cone. Un climat marque par l'alternance entre saison humide et salson seche (chaude?) est deduit a partir des donnees sedimentologiques.

[Traduit par le journal]


Stress-induced crystallization in a rapidly stretched natural rubber gum vulcanizate has been studied using thermal techniques to follow the development of crystallinity. A special-purpose analog computer has been assembled and used on-line to process the thermal and mechanical data obtained in high speed tensile testing. Roughly first-order room temperature crystallization kinetics curves were obtained having time constants of 50–60 msec in the range of 400–540% extension. While the rate of this rapid, presumably primary crystallization appears rather insensitive to elongation in this limited range, the extent of crystallization at 400 msec increases smoothly from zero at 340% elongation to around 18% at 540% elongation. It is shown that our high-speed tensile tester can stretch this vulcanizate fast enough that most of the crystallization takes place after extension has been completed. Stress-strain curves obtained at this high rate are compared with those obtained at lower rates where crystallization takes place during the stretching.


Inherited Susceptibility to Cancer is an invaluable addition to the literature on cancer genetics. The editors have assembled articles from an internationally diverse group of researchers from many disciplines. In the first part, the authors address the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by genetic testing, screening, and counseling, and explore the science and epidemiology of gene and mutation detection. In the second part, the authors detail current knowledge regarding the inheritance patterns of many different forms of cancer. The first half of the book is what makes this book so valuable for clinicians from many different backgrounds. The book begins with a very clear, simple overview of the inherited basis of cancer co-authored by one of the editors, and continues with chapters that address the social, ethical, and legal issues surrounding screening, cancer susceptibility, and public expectations. These issues resurface in the fifth and sixth chapters, which deal with genetic counseling and the role of primary care givers in genetic cancer screening and education. The section concludes with two chapters on gene and mutation detection, the second of which is quite technical. Overall, these chapters are well written and comprehensive. They not only serve those who are in need of a primer or refresher course in oncology, genetics, and


Electrowetting is a new class of reflective display based on electric field controlled movement of oil/water interface across a hydrophobic layer. The focus of this paper is to fabricate electrowetting cells on a rough hydrophobic surface and to study its effect on kinetics of electrowetting. The surface roughening found effective in two ways in the design and operation of the electrowetting device: (i) It enhances the coating of photoresist (PR) on the hydrophobic surface, which is normally difficult due to low surface energy of Teflon and (ii) the roughness changes the contact angle of the liquid (oil), which in turn changes the electro-optic switching behavior of the device. The kinetics of optical switch was checked by calculating theoretically the white area fraction (WA%), which is a measure of optical switching in electrowetting display by changing the roughness of the hydrophobic surface. The present study showed that the optical performance found to increase with the increase of roughness of the hydrophobic surface.


Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have attracted a rapidly growing interest in a variety of different processing tasks in the medical ultrasound community. However, the performance of CNNs is highly reliant on both the amount and fidelity of the training data. Therefore, scarce data is almost always a concern, particularly in the medical field, where clinical data is not easily accessible. The utilization of synthetic data is a popular approach to address this challenge. However, simulating a large number of images using packages such as Field II is time-consuming, and the distribution of simulated images is far from that of the real images. Herein, we introduce a novel ultra-fast ultrasound image simulation method based on the Fourier transform and evaluate its performance in a lesion segmentation task. We demonstrate that data augmentation using the images generated by the proposed method substantially outperforms Field II in terms of Dice similarity coefficient, while the simulation is almost 36000 times faster (both on CPU).


The paper analyzes the experience of Portuguese and Spanish hotel networks in Brazil, specifically on the Northern Coast of Bahia. We look at this process over the period when Brazil was opening up to international tourism corporations through promotion of national and regional policies. The research included surveying hotel representatives from investing countries. Clearly, there is a mighty convergence of interests between hotel groups, civil construction firms, and financial institutions, which appeals strongly to the political powers, particularly at a regional level. We also conclude that countries launching their tourism industry may learn from the experience of first comers with this crisscrossing research approach proving beneficial from various perspectives.


: Educators have been striving to bring to reality learning through playing and fun. It is real obvious that the use of game has brought positive changes to instruction. Therefore, this study investigates the acquisition of graphic skill through creative sorting game among the junior secondary schools. The study employed experimental of pre and post test from quasi, samplings consisted of 69 students of which are 34 male and 35 female students, based on simple random sampling. Two hypotheses were raised and tested with ANOVA and t-test statistical analysis. Findings revealed that creative sorting game was positive in the context of teaching creative arts and it was recommended that the use of creative sorting game should be encouraged in learning among the junior secondary schools in Nigeria.


In this article,the author introduces the structural style and features of the steel structure section of Hubei Publication Culture City,and analyzes the deformation trend of steel box beam in welding manufacture process.The author also provides relevant measures to effectively control the welding deformation.


Flow medium inhomogeneities associated with the gain region of large scale laser systems can result in significant degradation of the outcoupled laser beam quality. To achieve beam quality goals, relative density fluctuations will have to be below 10−5. An optical technique called digital heterodyne holographic interferometer (HHI) is presented which measures the wavefront distortion of a visible probe beam by the medium. HHI is similar to conventional holography in that both use very short averaging times to study the homogeneity fluctuations. HHI, however, derives an increase in sensitivity of an order of magnitude over traditional holography by the use of an electronic phase readout technique during reconstruction. This increase in measurement sensitivity is required to diagnose low level perturbations. Experimental results are presented of the flowfields from a set of supersonic nozzles.


A general form for the intensity distribution of thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) is derived within the framework of quantum mechanics. The formulation takes into account the dynamical diffraction effects for both the initial and the final states of high-energy electrons and uses a single incoherent scattering approximation. When applied to estimate the intensity distribution of TDS in reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), using a two-wave approximation for the elastically scattered wave field, an analytical expression is obtained. It is shown that the dynamical diffraction effects may lead to an enhancement in the TDS intensities near the diffraction spots. The influence of correlated thermal atomic displacements on the contrast of the Kikuchi line parallel to the surface shadow edge has been discussed.


This study highlights the impact of an universal Phase Locked Loop (PLL) parameters variation on PMSM position estimation at low speeds. Indeed, the PLL parameters variation impact on the PMSM rotor position estimation performance and robustness cannot be neglected anymore. For this purpose, the study presents the theory and simulation results of a demodulation scheme applied to Sensorless PMSM control based on the Pulsating Voltage Injection (PVI) technique. Comprehensive simulations, carried out under MATLAB/SIMULINK®, are discussed according to the variation of the PLL proportional and integral parameters.


Abstract Andrew Carnegie's largesse to local councils throughout the world to enable them to establish public libraries is well-known. He always attached the condition that such libraries should be free. But cfree' can mean different things in different cultures, especially in towns where a penny rate was quite insufficient to support a library service. This article looks at Carnegie's contributions to the development of public libraries in New Zealand, where the idea of allowing the public to enjoy the free borrowing of books was not universally adopted and led to often bitter correspondence with Carnegie. Only three libraries were to establish genuinely free libraries before 1938. Many others took Carnegie's money but unashamedly charged subscriptions to their users. Research on the history of libraries in New Zealand on which this paper is based was funded by Creative New Zealand.


It seems uncontroversial that Buddhism is therapeutic in intent. The word 'therapy' is often used, however, to denote methods of treating medically defined mental illnesses, while in the Buddhist context it refers to the treatment of deep-seated dissatisfaction and confusion that, it is claimed, afflict us all. The Buddha is likened to a doctor who offers a medicine to cure the spiritual ills of the suffering world. In the Pāli scriptures, one of the epithets of the Buddha is 'the Great Physician' and the therapeutic regimen or healing treatment is his teaching, the Dhamma. This metaphor is continued in later literature, most famously in the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Sūtra, where the Buddha is said to be like a benevolent doctor who attempts to administer appropriate medicine to his sons. In the Mahāyāna pantheon, one of the most popular of the celestial Buddhas is Bhaiṣajyaguru, the master of healing, who is believed to offer cures for both the spiritual and more mundane ailments of sentient beings. The four truths, possibly the most pervasive of all Buddhist teachings, are expressed in the form of a medical diagnosis. The first truth, that there is suffering (dukkha), is the diagnosis of the disease. The second truth, that suffering arises from a cause (or causes), seeks to identify the root source of the disease. The third truth, that suffering can be ended, is a prognosis that the disease is curable. The fourth truth describes the path to end suffering, and is the prescription of treatment.


2-Methoxy and 2-cyanoquinoline N-oxide, when treated with phenylmagnesium bromide, undergo a nucleophilic ipso-attack at C-2, yielding, by elimination of methoxymagnesium bromide or cyanomagnesium bromide, the corresponding 2-phenylquinoline N-oxides, which react with the excess of Grignard reagents forming 2,2-diphenylquinoline 1-oxyls. Even when the methoxy and cyano groups are in position 4, the attack by the Grignard reagent takes place at C-2 giving 2-phenylquinolines and 2-phenylquinoline N-oxides by elimination of hydroxymagnesium bromide and bromomagnesium hydride, respectively; the formation of 2,2-diphenylquinoline l-oxyls in these reactions is discussed.


1. The existence of an 'emphatic' or velarized I in Classical Arabic and the modern dialects has often been noted and the sound has been carefully described.' Descriptions which have been made from a structural point of view have generally regarded this emphatic 1 as an allophone of the usual 1, not an independent phoneme, both in the Classical language and in the dialects.2 The purpose of this note is to make clear why the emphatic I must be regarded as an independent phoneme in Classical Arabic and in most if not all the modern dialects. The positions of occurrences of 1 have been stated before, most clearly by Petrb!ek; they may be listed again here. The emphatic 1 occurs in three kinds of situations, of which at least the first two hold for Classical Arabic and all three seem to hold for all modern dialects: (A) in certain forms of the word for God, (B) in the neighborhood of other emphatic consonants, and (C) in other unpredictable items, sometimes loanwords, sometimes inherited Arabic vocabulary.


Field evidence from the Josephine (southwestern Oregon) and Red Mountain (New Zealand) peridotites indicates that compositional layering in alpine-type peridotites pre-dates emplacement into the crust, and is dissimilar in origin to layering in stratiform intrusions. Field, geochemical, and textural evidence all suggest that the layering formed during anatexis and upward flow of the peridotite in the mantle. A cumulus origin for the layering is rejected as there is strong geochemical evidence to suggest that alpine-type peridotites are the residues of partial fusion in the mantle. Although the layering superficially resembles layering in stratiform intrusions, there are no other features present which suggest a magmatic origin. The orientation of the layering, however, closely resembles that of strain-slip (or crenulation) cleavage in the axial zones of old mountain belts suggesting a deformation related origin. It also appears unlikely that the layering is solely the product of a mechanical segregation accompanying deformation ("flow layering") inasmuch as evidence for prolonged high-temperature creep of the peridotites is found throughout the entire peridotite whereas the layering is not. The most likely mechanism for the origin of the layering appears to be metamorphic differentiation accompanying deformation, pressure solution creep, and anatexis of the peridotite. This suggests that pressure-solution creep may be a principal creep mechanism in areas of ascending athenosphere such as below mid-ocean ridges.


A formula for the supersonic velocity field in terms of a given surface distribution of sources is applied to points lying in the surface. An equation giving the camber shape of a quasi circular-cylindrical surface in terms of a prescribed thickness distribution is derived and the half ring wing with prescribed thickness distribution is discussed as an example.


Leafy spurge plants were grown in vermiculite in a greenhouse for primary research evaluation of several compounds on their effects on shoots and, most importantly, the subsequent regrowth of underground buds. The evaluations usually were initiated when the plants were about six weeks old and in a vegetative state. Shoots were sprayed with several concentrations of each compound, ranging from 0.1 mM to 1 mM active ingredient. Ten ml per plant corresponds to about 1 to 1-1/4 pounds per acre at the 1 mM concentration. The spray solutions contain up to 0.3% detergent. Compounds with very low water solubility were solubilized with acetone or methanol as needed, and detergent added for retention on the foliage. Plants were observed 2 to 3 weeks after treatment for shoot damage and subsequent regrowth. Shoots were then cut off and the roots were left in the pots for an additional 3 to 4 weeks to determine whether new shoots would form from underground buds.


In order to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of false twister bearing HT825,the optimization design is done to the bearing groove curvature radius,the outer ring groove center distance,roundness,steel grade,and radial clearance parameters,and calculation is done to the design parameters of bearing HT825 from the ball bearing groove curvature radius coefficient,bearing clearance,contact angle,deflection angle,the actual original the contact length,radial basic rated dynamic load,radial static load ratings,equivalent dynamic load and service life etc.and the results is verified according to commonly used parameters.The results show that,bearing after optimization is beneficial to improving the speed,the bearing shaft rigidity,thus meeting the requirements and the use of life.


ICF target material areal density and its distribution can be measured by counting beta particles passing through the material.It is necessary to calibrate the areal density measuring device using a series of standard materials with known areal densities and the same components with the materials to be analyzed.For the density measurement of a kind of ICF target material the calibrating method is proposed.This calibrating method uses the approximate,materials with composition of the ICF target material as the standard material.The transmissivity of beta particles possessing different energy can be simulated and computed by Monte-Carlo method when they pass different materials.The corresponding error to the measuring result is also obtained.The error is only several percent using paper sheet as the standard material to measure CH foam materials and can be revised by means of Monte-Carlo method.


This paper introduces the notions of g∗μ(m,n)αb-continuous, regular strongly-g∗μ(m,n)αb-continuous, and quasi g∗μ(m,n)αb-open (resp. closed) functions in a bigeneralized topological space. Characterizations and relationships between these functions are also obtained.


It is proved that for $\alpha\in (0,1)$, $Q_\alpha(\rn)$, not only as an intermediate space of $W^{1,n}(\rn)$ and $BMO(\rn)$ but also as an affine variant of Sobolev space $\dot{L}^{2}_\alpha(\rn)$ which is sharply imbedded in $L^{\frac{2n}{n-2\alpha}}(\rn)$, is isomorphic to a quadratic Morrey space under fractional differentiation. At the same time, the dot product $\nabla\cdot\big(Q_\alpha(\rn)\big)^n$ is applied to derive the well-posedness of the scaling invariant mild solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes system in $\bn=(0,\infty)\times\rn$.


A method has been established for the determination of yttrium group REEs in monazite ore by atomic emission spectrometry.The analytical spectral lines were selected correctly based on the study on interference from spectral lines of coexistent elements in range of 260.00~360.00 nm.Carbon powder was used as buffer and scandium was selected as internal standard element.Yttrium-group REEs were determined directly by atomic emission spectrometry without any chemical treatment.The method is simple,rapid and feasible with precision of 1.6%~6.2% RSD(n=12) and accuracy of RE±12.0% for these elements.


ABSTRACT α-Arylidene-γ-phenyl-Δβ,γ-butenolides were converted to the respective γ-butyrolactones in methyl alcohol with sodium borohydride in presence of triethylamine in a single pot. *IICT communication No. 4391.


A water muffler is used for the noise control of a hydraulic pipeline with an external gear pump. An experimental system is established to investigate the acoustic performance of the water muffler, in which the gear pump is utilized as the sound source and power supply. Comparisons between the experimental results of the reference tube, rubber tube, and water mufflers with different inner structures have been made. Numerical simulations on the rubber tube and different water mufflers with various inner structures have been conducted. Simulation results have been compared with the experimental results. These comparison results show that the rubber tube with a compliant wall substantially contributes to the reduction of the noise generated by the gear pump, especially at the high frequency band and relatively low rotate speed of the gear pump. The water muffler results in the enhancement of the noise reduction effect on the rubber tube. With the speed of the gear pump increasing from 1172 r/min to 2344 r/min, the effect of the noise reduction becomes much weaker, since the flow-induced noise gets more intensified. For the rubber tube, in particular, the sound pressure level gets close to that of the reference tube at the speed of 2344 r/min. Moreover, it has been proven by another important experimental result that the length of the inner structure can play a critical role to the flow noise generation.


A methodology for implementing an active headset by using the robust control theory is studied.The performance,stability,and robustness of the headset system have been taken into account in the design procedure by using a general framework of the robust control.So this method overcomes the potential threat on the robustness of the headset system effectively because of the changes of the environment.


The emphasis on providing ali relevant infonnationfor users' decision making processes is leading to the publícation of reports so expansive as to be in danger of overloading the individual and harming their decision making processes. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of up-to-date research in order to assess the possibility that a problem of infonnation overload could exist in the financia/ envi ronment. Despite important differences in the design of the reviewed studies, from their results we can con elude that the quality of users' decisions improves as information load increases up to a point beyond which data load becomes excessive and the direction oj the relationship between these variables reverses.


Intrtaplaque angiogenesis,positive remodeling vessel,endothelial parafunctional vessel have close relationship with plaque vulnerability.The author proposed the conception of "vulnerable vessel" and consider the aboved three kinds of vessels as vulnerable vessel,on which the effect is emphasized when medicine interferes in vulnerable plaque,thereby,it has important clinical significance to investigate and explore herbs,which have good therapeutic action to vulnerable plaque as well as vulnerable vessel.


One embodiment of the invention provides continuous dehumidification cooling and humidification heating method using the air conditioner having a humidifying and dehumidifying capability to the dehumidification or humidification without interruption. Includes a dehumidification and humidification first module has a function that dehumidification or humidification of air conditioner is performed, the first module and the second module are alternately dehumidification or humidification is performed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.


This project determined the identity of causal pathogens, epidemiology and disease cycle of Alternaria leaf blotch and fruit spot in Australian apples and provided a management strategy for both diseases for inclusion in the integrated fruit production manual.


An apparatus and a method of reproducing a wide stereo sound by widening a stereo sound output by an audio reproducing apparatus using only two closely disposed channel speakers include a widening filtering operation and a direct filtering operation. In the widening filtering operation, virtual sound sources for arbitary locations are formed from a stereo-channel audio signal using head related transfer functions measured at predetermined locations, and crosstalk is cancelled from the virtual sound sources using filter coefficients in which the head related transfer functions are reflected. In the direct filtering operation, signal characteristics of the stereo-channel audio signal are adjusted based on the crosstalk-cancelled virtual sound sources.


The moon,sister sphere to the Earth, has long held the attention of mankind as a source of mystery,inspiration and wonder.Its sway has been chronicled in myth,literature and song.In the final week of October,China embarked on its first attempt to better scientifically understand the moon and its relationship to the Earth by launching the lunar orbiter Chang'e-1.Though named after a deity that Chinese fairy tales say lived in the moon,this new venture to study our closest celestial neighbor is based largely on the reality of technology and scientific advancement.As the most recent phase in China's decades old aerospace program,the launch showcases both the country's place on the world stage and its technological and scientific advancements-not only for the benefit of its own people,but for all of mankind.


In the central part of West Siberia in a number of the Surgut dome oil fields the core was obtained by both, the low-invasion coring and oil based mud coring. This paper presents the short analysis of the results of studies of low-invasion and oil based mud core. This allowed for a direct comparison of the different core analysis results with the basic petrophysical relationships. EXPERIMENTAL WORK A preservation of a reservoir fluid saturation in the low-invasion core has a number of limitations both, geological ones and technological ones. Geological limitations relate to the reservoir properties, the type and characteristics of the saturating fluid. The geological factors limit a wide use of the low-invasion coring technique include a high permeability of terrigenous rocks with intergranular porosity and the intervals of rocks with cavernousfractured type of porosity. In West Siberia the terrigenous sand deposits with an intergranular porosity are the main type of a reservoir. Therefore, the rocks permeability has the main effect on a quality of the in-place water saturation preservation in a core. Technological limitation is a rate of penetration during coring. The drilling technological parameters and the drilling mud properties also have a significant influence on a core quality. The low-invasion technique requires a thorough observation of a number of rigid technological requirements. However, if these requirements are met a high quality of the low-invasion core is ensured, which is confirmed by the comparability of the results of the low-invasion and oil-base mud core analysis. Moreover, the tested model of a laboratory analysis of the low-invasion core makes it possible to identify the core samples with distorted in-place water saturation. Lets briefly discuss a procedure of the core analysis results processing and the criteria for determination of the analyses quality. One of the basic petrophysical equations used in determination of the reservoirs petroleum content in West Siberia is a relationship of the electric resistivity vs the rocks volumetric water saturation. For a number of oil fields such relationships were obtained for an oil-base mud core. The use of the low-invasion core analysis results allows us to obtain such relationships for the recently discovered fields and deposits. That is why a special attention at a core analysis was paid to a preservation of the core's in-place water saturation and interstitial water mineral content.


Integral imaging-based cryptographic algorithms provides a new way to design secure and robust image encryption schemes. In this paper, we introduce a performance-enhanced image encryption schemes based on depth-conversion integral imaging and chaotic maps, aiming to meet the requirements of secure image transmission. First, the input image is decomposed into an elemental image array (EIA) by utilizing a pinhole array. Then, the obtained image are encrypted by combining the use of cellular automata and chaotic logistic maps. In the image reconstruction process, the conventional computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) technique is a pixel-superposition technique; the resolution of the reconstructed image is dramatically degraded due to the large magnification in the superposition process as the pickup distance increases. The smart mapping technique is introduced to improve the problem of CIIR. A novel property of the proposed scheme is its depth-conversion ability, which converts original elemental images recorded at long distance to ones recorded near the pinhole array and consequently reduce the magnification factor. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and security of this proposed scheme.


Viruses replicate their genomes at exceptionally high mutation rates. Their offspring evolve rapidly and therefore, are able to evade common immunological and chemical antiviral agents. In parallel, virus genomes cannot tolerate a further increase in mutation rate: Experimental evidence exists that even few additional mutations are sufficient for the extinction of a viral population. A future antiviral strategy might therefore aim at increasing the error‐producing capacity of viral replication enzymes. We employed the principles of directed evolution and developed a scheme for the stringent positive selection of error‐prone polymerase activity. A mutant T7 RNA polymerase with a nucleotide substitution error rate at least 20‐fold greater than that of the wild‐type was selected. This enzyme synthesized highly heterogeneous RNA products in vitro or in vivo and also decreased the replication efficiency of wild‐type bacteriophage T7 during infection.


The continuous tandem cold rolling of metal strip is a highly nonlinear multi-variable complex process the control of which presents additional challenges over those encountered in the control of stand-alone tandem cold rolling. These challenges arise during the passage of the weld, which joins the head of the next strip to the tail of the present strip to maintain the continuity of rolling. This paper presents the results of an investigation of the application of a control technique based on the state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) method to continuous tandem cold rolling, particularly during passage of the weld. Two methods of control during this regime of operation are evaluated and a preferred method is selected. Using the preferred method it was determined by simulation that the SDRE-based technique has the capability for successfully controlling the mill during weld passage, so that this approach offers a strong potential for improvement in the control of the continuous tandem cold rolling processes.


In this paper, a single object tracking method based on fusion of detection information collected from a distributed heterogeneous sensor network is proposed. The considered sensor network is composed of one active type source and multiple receivers. It is assumed that the heterogeneous network is capable of acquiring both passive and active information simultaneously. By means of fusion of the acquired heterogeneous data, the proposed method estimates the candidate region of target location. Then, position of the object is estimated by Maximum Likelihood Estimation. In the experimental results, the performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in terms of deployment strategy of the heterogeneous sensor network.


The concepts of quantum efficiency and ion yield pertinent to a photon detector consisting of an atmospheric pressure oxygen–argon–acetylene (or hydrogen) flame containing magnesium atomic vapour, and also some published experimental results obtained with this detector, are critically discussed. In these experiments, collision-induced ionization and direct photoionization of magnesium atoms are performed. In the former instance, one dye laser excites the atoms from the ground state into the 3s3p–1P10 state and another laser, in temporal and spatial coincidence with the first, brings the excited atoms into the 3s5d–1D2 state, from which collisional ionization occurs. In the last instance, direct photoionization from the 1P10 level is accomplished either with the excimer laser radiation at 308 nm or by tuning the second laser into an autoionizing resonance at 300.9 nm. It is shown that the total loss rate from the 1P10 level can be calculated by time resolving the resonance fluorescence waveform, with and without the presence of the second laser, and that, by integrating this signal over the duration of the laser pulse, the fluorescence dip obtained can be related to the ion yield of the excitation–ionization scheme. It is also stressed that, because of the presence of a metastable level which can act as a trap for the excited atoms, owing to quenching collisions in the flame, the quantum efficiency of this detector will never exceed the 'ion branching ratio', i.e., the ratio between the ionization rate and the total loss rate from the excited level. By evaluating several experimental results obtained with different laser systems, it is shown that, in the collision-induced ionization mode, both fluorescence and ionization measurements are necessary to derive the quantum efficiency, whereas in the direct photoionization mode, fluorescence data suffice.