Objective: Multidisciplinary clinics are becoming widely utilized. Given the number of patients with craniofacial syndromes evaluated at our institution, and the burden of assessment by multiple subspecialists, we created an American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association–certified Craniofacial Multidisciplinary Clinic (CMC) composed of a nurse practitioner, neurosurgeon, plastic surgeon, otolaryngologist, oromaxillofacial surgeon, geneticist, pulmonologist, occupational therapist, dentist, and child life specialist to improve patient experience, lessen the burden of assessment, decrease time to surgery, and improve patients' understanding of the diagnosis and treatment plan specifically for patients with complex craniofacial syndromes. We reviewed the impact of this clinic after 1 year of implementation. Design: Retrospective review was performed to identify patients with craniofacial syndromic diagnoses seen by the neurosurgery department before and after implementation of the CMC from February 2017 to present. Setting: The CMC is an outpatient clinic based in a tertiary care academic institution. Patients: Chart review was performed to identify demographic, diagnostic, clinical, and treatment data. We assessed clinic experience, and the impact on quality of clinical and surgical care was assessed via survey. We compared this cohort to patients with similar craniofacial syndromes treated prior to the CMC. Thirty patients seen at the CMC were identified, and data from a comparable cohort of 30 patients seen prior to the clinic's inception was reviewed. Results: Our CMC survey response rate was 67% (n = 20/30) for the CMC patients. Second opinions sought by parents prior to CMC was higher (mean = 0.85, range: 0-3) than for patients seen at the CMC (mean = 0.16, range: 0-1). Mean time to surgery before the CMC was 10.1 months (range: 1-15) compared to 4 months (range: 3-5) after implementation. Parents agreed that they felt well-informed about their diagnosis (n = 18/20, 90%), and that the presence of a plastic surgeon (19/20, 95%) and a nurse practitioner (17/20, 85%) were valuable in coordination of their care. Following surgery, 76% (n = 13/17) of patients who received surgery were happy with the outcome, 76% (n = 13/17) were happy with the appearance of the scar, and 95% (n = 19/20) would recommend the CMC to others. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary evaluation of patients with complex craniofacial conditions provides comprehensive, efficient, and effective care, as well as improved parent satisfaction and knowledge base.


This invention belongs to the field of electrical information and provides a kind of encoding management which is based on the RFID public service system. This method is consisted of the electrical label reader, the registering server, the database, the server and the controller of the reader managing information, as well as the service net. The exclusive code is got after the registration of the reader on the server, and then the relating information is stored in the database and can be got by the server and the controller in the public service system for distribution, surveillance, control, certification and coordination. The reader managing service can also be got from the net.


Sponsor: (Dr. Scott Thomas, University of Toronto) Corresponding Author: Danielle Bentley, Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario Canada. firstname.lastname@example.com Funding: CIHR Banting and Best CGS Doctoral Research Award Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39:S3


This paper describes a research and development project in teaching designed to examine whether and how it might be possible to bring the practice of knowing mathematics in school closer too what it means to know mathematics within the discipline by deliberately altering the roles and responsibilities of teacher and students in classroom discourse. The project was carried out as a regular feature of lessons in fifth-grade mathematics in a public school. A case of teaching and learning about exponents derived from lessons taught in the project is described and interpreted from mathematical, pedagogical, and sociolinguistic perspectives. To change the meaning of knowing and learning in school, the teacher initiated and supported social interactions appropriate to making mathematical arguments in response to students' conjectures. The activities students engaged in as they asserted and examined hypotheses about the mathematical structures that underlie their solutions to problems are contrasted with the conventional activities that characterize school mathematics.


We study the relaxation of kinetic BGK models involving a high-field term within the transport operator. They lead us to multidimensional scalar conservation laws with a flux-function which is perturbed with respect to classical relaxation. The proof of the relaxation limit makes modified Maxwellians to appear. We consider "pseudo distribution functions" which can take negative values and we introduce appropriate admissible states. This is a first step towards adapting this analysis to quantum kinetic BGK models.


Ferric vanadate (FeVO4) nanoparticles as visible-light photocatalysts were successfully prepared by microwave irradiation method. The structure and morphology of FeVO4 nanoparticles were charactered by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Absorption ranges, which are responsible for the observed photocatalyst behavior, were investigated. Photocatalytic activities of the synthesized samples were examined by studying the degradation of the model dyes Methylene Blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation (400 nm). Various influence factors such as heat treatment temperature of FeVO4, and solution pH values as well as the amount of hydrogen peroxide and FeVO4 catalyst on the photocatalytic degradation of MB were discussed. Results clearly show the degradation ratio can reach 99% under the optimal reaction conditions in dye wastewater treatment in a short photocatalytic reaction time.


The gene encoding E.acervulina protein 3-1E was cloned into pET-32a(+) vector,then transformed into E.coil BL21 strain.The 3-1E fusion protein was expressed in the bacteria under induction of 1.0 mmol/L IPTG at 37℃.The fusion protein band of about (38 500) appeared on SDS-PAGE.Western blot analysis indicated that the recombinant protein could react specifically with anti-3-1E antibody.The content of soluble body was the richest after inducing with 0.5 mmol/L IPTG at 20℃.


Generalized equations of motion for the Weber-Clebsch potentials that reproduce Navier-Stokes dynamics are derived. These depend on a new parameter, with the dimension of time, and reduce to the Ohkitani and Constantin equations in the singular special case where the new parameter vanishes. Let us recall that Ohkitani and Constantin found that the diffusive Lagrangian map became noninvertible under time evolution and required resetting for its calculation. They proposed that high frequency of resetting was a diagnostic for vortex reconnection. Direct numerical simulations are performed. The Navier-Stokes dynamics is well reproduced at small enough Reynolds number without resetting. Computation at higher Reynolds numbers is achieved by performing resettings. The interval between successive resettings is found to abruptly increase when the new parameter is varied from 0 to a value much smaller than the resetting interval.


Parasitic fungi infected an Asterionella formosa Hass. population for 10 months of the year, during which time the population density of the alga was over 100 cells‐L−1. High injection rates of more than 20% of the cells were observed between February and July except on a few occasions such as late April and late June. Mortality of infected diatom cells was temperature dependent in dialysis tube culture experiments; the loss rate of field populations due to fungal injection also was affected by temperature. Loss rates of diatom cells were negligibly small m February even though infection percentages were more than 20%, but increased toward summer with an increase m temperature. High infection percentages and correspondingly high loss rates (e.g. 0.3 d−1) occurred periodically during the summer. The results suggest that this type of host‐parasite interaction is an important control of algal population size in natural waters.


In this paper, we present a methodology to solve the weighted barycenter problem when the data is inherently fuzzy. This method, from data clustered by expert visual inspection of maps, calculates bi-dimensional fuzzy numbers from the spatial clusters, which in turn are used to obtain the weighted fuzzy barycenter of a particular area. We apply the methodology, to a particularly apt data set of forest fire breakouts in the PACA region of southeastern France, gathered from 1986 to 2008, and sliced into five periods over which the fuzzy weighted barycenter for each one is obtained. Two weighting schemes based on fire intensity and fire density in a cluster were used. The center provided with this fuzzy method provides leeway to planners, which can see how the membership function of the fuzzy solution can be used as a measurement of "appropriateness" of the final location.


Corpora annotated for discourse–related phenomena have become an important source for the empirical study of whole texts and a source of training data for the automated parsing of whole texts. By discourse–related phenomena, we refer to various textual relations (e.g., anaphoric and rhetorical relations) that hold among textual units (e.g., whole texts, adjacency pairs, and discourse segments). One of the main problems associated with corpus linguistics—and for the markup of linguistic data in general—has been the lack of interoperability between disparately marked up resources. While it is theoretically possible to standardize the content and structure of markup, the richness of the data itself suggests that no one standard scheme would suffice for all data, all of the time. In fact one of the major contributions of the E–MELD project1 has been to show that annotation elements need not be standardized as such. Rather, by following certain parameters of "best–practice" (Bird & Simons 2003) the stage can be set for wide–spread interoperability among disparate corpora. For example, one of the key strategies of the E–MELD project has been to suggest that all markup elements used in annotating linguistic data (including discourse–related corpora) should be mapped to a semantic resource that defines the meaning of each element. Such a semantic resource for descriptive discourse categories does not exist at present. To rectify this situation, we propose a discourse–specific extension to the General Ontology for Linguistic Description (GOLD), as introduced by Farrar & Langendoen (2003) and explicated in Farrar (forthcoming).


Traditional models assuming a vertically uniform structure of the horizontal flow velocity and neglecting the vertical velocity distribution cannot accurately describe the complex boundary layer flow features in the dam-break induced wave tip region. Based on the assumption that the horizontal velocity profile in the wave tip region follows a vertically parabolic distribution with shear extending to the water surface, new solutions for the hydrodynamic characteristics in the wave tip region were derived with respect to the simplified force balance or the steady momentum equation, respectively. The force balance-based models show the relation between water depth [Formula: see text] and distance from the tip [Formula: see text] in the wave tip region as [Formula: see text], whereas a complex and implicit [Formula: see text] relation is confirmed after applying the momentum equation. Comparing with other models, the present momentum equation-based model gives the best agreements with experiments, which can illustrate the general spatial distribution of the wave profile in the wave tip region. Model predicted characteristics of surface particles' motion are consistent with the experimental observation of Baldock et al. ([ 2014 ] "Flow convergence at the tip and edges of a viscous swash front — experimental and analytical modeling," Coast Eng. 88, 123–130). As for the vertical velocity distribution in the wave tip region (being downward direction), it increases monotonically from the bed to the water surface and its magnitude increases when approaching the wave tip. Taking into account the relative streamline distribution and total flow field feature in the wave tip region, the present model can reproduce the uniform flow convergence pattern at the wave tip front, as experimentally observed in Baldock et al. [ 2014 ].


As applications of wireless communication fast increases in high mobility scenarios, it is highly required to supporting multiple information streams in a highly time-varying channel. To cope with this requirement, this paper proposes a power division multiplexing (PDM) scheme, associating with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. By taking advantage of the PDM's natural merits, the proposed scheme owns better robustness to the channel-varying when compared with the conventional time division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM). Furthermore, we derive the related optimization algorithms to guarantee the system performance efficiently. The simulation results show that the proposed PDM with optimization algorithm outperforms the TDM/FDM distinctly.


In some important period,the given ideology is very serious.Since 1990,social reforms have taken place in Russia,and the whole society has been seeking the ideology that can reflect the benefits of the common people and also can be accepted by the majority.The ideology full of human rights,justice,freedom,solidarity,democracy,patriotism and so on can satisfy the Russian development in a fast and steady way.


This paper examines whether personality influences the allocation of resources within households. To do so, I model households as couples who make Pareto-efficient allocations and divide resources according to a distribution function. Using a sample of Dutch couples from the LISS survey with detailed information on consumption, labor supply, and personality traits at the individual level, I find that personality affects intrahousehold allocations through two channels. Firstly, the level of these traits acts as preference factors that shape individual tastes for consumed goods and leisure time. Secondly, by testing distribution factor proportionality and the exclusion restriction of a conditional demand system, I observe that differences in personality between spouses act as distribution factors. Specifically, these differences in personality impact the allocation of resources by affecting the bargaining process within households. For example, women who are relatively more conscientious, have higher self-esteem, and engage more cognitively than their male partners receive a larger share of intrafamily resources.


Objective To explore the correlation between CYP2D6, CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and the therapeutic response to risperidone on individuals with schizophrenia. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to examine CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms of schizophrenics. Using high-performance liquid chromatography to measure the plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone. The clinical effectiveness was evaluated by the reduction of the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS). Results There is significant association between the CYP2D6 (C100T) genotypes and the plasma concentration of risperidone, but no correlation between the CYP2D6 (C100T) genotypes and the clinical effectiveness of risperidone on individuals with schizophrenia is found among 55 patients. And there is no association between CYP2C19*2 (G681A) genotypes and risperidone response. Conclusion The CYP2D6 (C100T) may affect the metabolism of risperidone, but there is no evidence to show the correlation between the mutation of CYP2D6 (C100T) and the clinical effectiveness of risperidone on individuals with schizophrenia. CYP2C19*2 (G681A) may have no impact on risperidone response.


In practice, due to the difficulty in obtaining the precise probability distributions of the uncertain variables, the stochastic reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) methods can hardly be effective in various cases. On contrary, the variation intervals of the uncertain parameter can be relatively easily achieved. In terms of this condition, an efficient sequential optimization and reliability assessment method of decoupled scheme is developed in this paper for the non-probabilistic RBDO (NRBDO) of electrical machines with interval uncertainty.


In order to make up the limitation of the two-dimensional colorimetric analysis,at first,the paper makes the three-dimensional colorimetry analysis on the real surface color gamut in the CIE-L*a*b* color space and the coordinate system of L*C*hab which changes from CIE-L*a*b*.For the sack of overcoming one-sidedness of the color gamut coverage in the two dimensional chromaticity diagram calculation.A kind of approximate algorithm is also put forwared to compute the color solid volume in the 3D color space,and the author's prophase algorithm is compared with,it shows that the accuracy of the new algorithm improves.


These notes are intended to provide a brief primer in plasma physics, introducing common definitions, basic properties, and typical processes found in plasmas. These concepts are inherent in contemporary plasma-based accelerator schemes, and thus provide a foundation for the more advanced expositions that follow in this volume. No prior knowledge of plasma physics is required, but the reader is assumed to be familiar with basic electrodynamics and fluid mechanics.


The complement system plays a pivotal protective role in the innate immune response to many pathogens including flaviviruses. Flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted nonstructural glycoprotein that accumulates in plasma to high levels and is displayed on the surface of infected cells but absent from viral particles. Previous work has defined an immune evasion role of flavivirus NS1 in limiting complement activation by forming a complex with C1s and C4 to promote cleavage of C4 to C4b. In this study, we demonstrate a second mechanism, also involving C4 and its active fragment C4b, by which NS1 antagonizes complement activation. Dengue, West Nile, or yellow fever virus NS1 directly associated with C4b binding protein (C4BP), a complement regulatory plasma protein that attenuates the classical and lectin pathways. Soluble NS1 recruited C4BP to inactivate C4b in solution and on the plasma membrane. Mapping studies revealed that the interaction sites of NS1 on C4BP partially overlap with the C4b binding sites. Together, these studies further define the immune evasion potential of NS1 in reducing the functional capacity of C4 in complement activation and control of flavivirus infection. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 424–433. he complement system is a key component of the early innate immune response to pathogens. Three activation pathways, the classical (CP), lectin, and alternative pathways (AP), may become engaged to control invading microorganisms. Each complement activation pathway is initiated by a distinct set of recognition molecules and converges at the cleavage of C3 to C3a and C3b. The CP is initiated by the binding of C1q upon IgM or IgG engaging


Ayurveda has principle of maintenance of health and curation of disease, for that purpose it has given the very beautiful explanation of Dinchariya and Rutuchariya to have a healthy life and Acharya Sushruta has given the important concept of 'Shatkriyakala' to understand the stages of disease and Doshaawastha to apply the correct treatment on correct time as treatment is changes according to stage of disease. Early di-agnosis of the stages of the disease will help to cure the disease more successfully with the planned man-agement. Shatkriyakala described by Sushruta gives an idea about the consecutive stages of the disease and accordingly preventive measures were described to overcome complication. For the control and prevention of the disease, guidelines like Dinchariya and Rutuchariya must be adopted. Along with these concepts, knowledge of Shatkriyakala plays an important role in prevention as well as management of the disease


............................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................... iii DECLARATION..................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................ 1 1.1 Overview............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Male Physique and the Media............................................................................. 4 1.3 Men, Body Image and Psychological Disturbance.............................................. 7 1.4 Men and Muscle: Muscle Dysmorphia............................................................... 10 1.5 The Groups.......................................................................................................... 13 1.5.1 Bodybuilders..................................................................................................... 14 220.127.116.11 Bodybuilder Culture........................................................................... 15 126.96.36.199 Bodybuilders and Steroids................................................................. 17 18.104.22.168 Bodybuilders and Muscle Dysmorphia............................................. 19 1.5.2 Elite Australian Rules Football Players........................................................... 20 18.104.22.168 Footballers and Sexualised Marketing.............................................. 21 22.214.171.124 Footballers, Body Size and the Media.............................................. 22 184.108.40.206 Footballers and the Anthropometrics of Success............................. 26 1.6 Study One: An Investigation of Muscle Dysmorphia, Body Affect and Psychological Distress in Bodybuilders and Footballers.......................................... 27 1.6.1 Study One Hypotheses...................................................................................... 28 1.7 Study Two: An Investigation of Body Dissatisfaction and Body Perception Distortion and Their Consequences........................................................................... 28 1.7.1 Study Two Hypotheses..................................................................................... 29 1.8 Study Three: A Qualitative Investigation of the Contributors, Consequences and Lived Contexts of Male Body Image.......................................... 30 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS................................. 34 2.1 Body Image Affect Measure............................................................................... 34 2.2 Psychological Distress Measure.......................................................................... 35 2.3 Muscle Dysmorphia Measure.............................................................................. 36


In this paper, topology optimization is used to study the design of piezoelectric actuator with in-plane motion. Two case studies are reported, the maximization of the in-plane motion toward a pre-defined direction and the maximization of the output force. In addition to volume density as design variable used in the conventional topology optimization, a new design variable, electrode density, is introduced to model the electrode topology on the piezoelectric plate surface. Based on the electrode potential model, the relation between the nodal potential and the electrode density is established. Sensitivity analyses of objective function with respect to volume density and electrode density are derived from the adjoint method. Examples of optimized piezoelectric actuators from the proposed method are presented and discussed.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


The Batanghari River is potential as a producer of ornamental fish and fish to be consumed. Ornamental fish originating from Batanghari River are relatively desired by consumers including botia fish, white stem susur, simancung and others. This research was located at TAC Market and Sarang Aquatic in Jambi City, which had the purpose to describe the characteristics of ornamental fish consumers, the purchase decision process, as well as to to analyze the influence of product factors (X1), location (X2), price (X3), promotion (X4), Beauty value (X5), lifestyle (X6), and social Status (X7) on the decision in buying  ornamental fish in Jambi City (Y). The data collection method were carried out by questionnaires, interviews and observations. The total sample of 25 respondents was determined by the linear time function method. The data obtained were analyzed by that based on the characteristics of consumers, those who purchased ornamental fish were dominated by men with an age more than 24 years, Bachelor education level, entrepreneur dominance work, and an average income level of Rp.7,630,769. The step of needed evaluation, reasons or motivations of consumers to buy ornamental fish because ornamental fish products emphasize on the color, pattern, attractive shape and size, the clean and comfortable place, affordable prices according to its quality,    social media promotions system beneficial for beauty and could calm the mind, could be collected and maintained for lifestyle. The results of the analysis in this study showed that the data was normally distributed. There was no both multicollinearity between independent variables in the multiticolinierity test and heteroskedasticity. It was found that there was no autocorrelation between the observational data in   autocorrelation test,  because null hypothesis (Ho) was accepted and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was  rejected. the equation resulting  in multiple linear regression analysis was Y= -0.239 +1.113X1 -0.520X2 +0.438X3 +0.105X4 -0.149X5 +0.295X6 +0.008X7 +e. The  statistical tests showed that the coefficient of determination was 0.817, which means the influence of independent variables of 81.7%, while the remaining 18.3% was influenced by other factors that were not included in the study.  F-test, resulted that the F calculated  (16.303) > the critical F value  (2.62) then  null hypothesis (H0) was rejected or the independent variable simultaneously affected the dependent variable and the significant value was 0.000 < 0.05 so that the analysis results could be said to be significant or reliablet-test indicated that there were three variables that had a partially significant effect, namely the product variable (X1) for the calculated t value (8.647) > t critical value   (2.112) and the degree of significance was 0.000 < 0.05. Place variable (X2) because the calculated t value (2.659) >t critical   (2.112) and its significance level was 0.017<0.05. Price variable (X3) because the calculated t value (2.112) = t critical value   (2.112) and its significance level was 0.050 = 0.05. Lifestyle variable (X6) because the calculated t value (2.190) >  t critical value   (2.112) and the significance level was  0.043 < 0.05.


This article attempts to review some of the recent techniques developed in India for the isolation of protein using various unconventional sources. Among the sources dealt with are vegetable sources such as algae and seaweeds, apart from animal sources such as prawn shell waste. The main purpose of this paper is to stimulate further research in this potentially important field. Although most of the methods mentioned here are at present limited to pilot plant studies, it would be worthwhile to consider then for large scale exploitation.


People with mental illness die, on average, 13 to 30 years earlier than similar people without mental illness, mostly from medical conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. One contributing factor may be that physicians allow such patients to refuse care.


Working as an editor of a medical journal is quite a challenging duty. It requires personal commitment and motivation, experience in writing and reviewing scientific articles, publishing know-how, and probably a great deal of diplomacy and common sense in decision-making. Newly appointed editors-in-chief are confronted with an immense responsibility toward authors and reviewers, the entire critical professional audience, but also toward their editorial teams (1). Maintaining and increasing the journal's quality and introducing new ideas in order to expand its visibility and recognition within the international scientific community are not easy tasks. In addition, there is the huge obligation to maintain the accomplishments of previous editors-in-chief.


Foreword by Robert Huffaker. Preface. 1. Introduction 2. Actor Network Theory 3. Entering the Network: The Media Hub and its Status as a Black Box 4. PDP: How a Technological Innovation Enters the News Network 5. PDP: The Translation of the News Network and the Reconfiguration of News 6. Extending the Network - the BBC's Local Television Project 7. The Satellite Truck and Live Reporting 8. Human Actors, Intentionality and Actor Network Theory. Conclusion. Index


Si avalanche photodiode (APD) single photon counting modules (SPCMs) are used in the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), currently in orbit measuring Earth surface elevation and atmosphere backscattering. These SPCMs are used to measure cloud and aerosol backscattering to the GLAS laser light at 532-nm wavelength, with quantum efficiencies of 60 to 70% and maximum count rates greater than 13 millions/s. The performance of the SPCMs has been monitored since ICESat launch on January 12, 2003. There has been no measurable change in the quantum efficiency when comparing the average photon count rates in response to the background light from the sunlit Earth. The linearity and the afterpulsing, seen from the cloud and surface backscattering profiles have been the same as those during ground testing. The detector dark counts rates monitored while the spacecraft was in the dark side of the Earth have increased linearly at about 55.5 counts/s per day due to space radiation damage, which is a little lower than what we expected based on the ground testing and sufficiently low to provide useful atmosphere measurements through the end of the ICESat mission. The radiation damage appeared to be slightly dependent of the device temperature. There was also a distinct increase in the dark counts during the solar storm in 28-31 October 2003. These SPCMs have been in orbit for almost four years to date. The accumulated operating time has reached to over 380 days (9150 hours). These SPCMs have provided unprecedented receiver sensitivity and clarity in atmosphere backscattering measurements from space.


This study examined the relation of the handshake both to perceived personality characteristics in a first-impression situation and to actual measured personality traits. One hundred eight male and female college students completed the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQJ, which measures 8personality characteristics. Additionally, the students rated 2 other participants on 3 hand-shaking measures and also provided their impressions of these 2 participants on the same 8 personality traits measured by the 8SQ. For men, perceived arousal was positively correlated with a firm, warm, and dry handshake. For women, a firm, warm, and dry handshake was positively related to perceived arousal and extroversion and negatively related to perceived anxiety, depression, fatigue, guilt, and regression. Results are discussed in terms of the particular importance of the handshake to ivomen. It is concluded that tuhen a woman extends her hand to be shaken, it is important that it be firm, warm, and dry if she wants to make a positive first impression on others.


The reactions between SiH 3 and HI and SiH 3 and HBr have been studied by excimer laser flash photolysis coupled with photoionization mass spectrometry over the temperature range 295-550 K


The present invention lead and preferably describes arsenic-free optical lens for the application areas imaging, projection, telecommunication, optical communication technology and / or laser technology with a refractive index of 1.55 ≦ n The glasses of the invention within the following composition range (in wt .-% on oxide) meet this requirement: P ZnO 21-36 Al Na K SM MgO 0-5 CaO 0-5 BaO 3-14 B La In addition, they can also contain conventional fining agents.


Based on the work of Hirschfeld, it is known that there is a close connection between models for the n°j fragment of arithmetic and homomor-phic images of the semiring of recursive functions. This fragment of arithmetic includes most of the familiar results of classical number theory. There is a realization of this fragment in the isols in systems called tame models. In this paper a new proof is given to the following result of Ellentuck and McLaughlin on the minimality of tame models: If two tame models share an infinite element, then the models are equal.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of propofol-remifentanil given by target-controlled infusion( TCI) in gastric polyps resection during painless gastroscopy with RugLoop program. Methods Sixty patients( ASA I or Ⅱ) receiving gastric polyps resection in painless gastroscopy were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases in each group: group P and group PR. In the group P,with RugLoop program,patients were treated with propofol TCI by taking 2 μg /mL effect site concentration of propofol as the initial target concentration; in the group PR,remifentanil TCI with plasma concentration of 1 ng / mL was used for analgesia,and at the same time propofol( 10 mg / mL) was combined for sedation. Propofol given method was similar to that of group P. Bispectral index( BIS),SpO 2,RR,mean arterial pressure( MAP),HR,total propofol consumption,rate of amnesia,awakening time after operation,and rate of adverse events were separately recorded as well as the physician and patient satisfaction. Results In the group P,59 patients( 98. 3%) undergoing gastric polyps resection were successful,and no significant difference in the operation time was found( P 0. 05). The RP,BIS values at time points of 3 min,6 min and 9 min in the group PR were significantly lower than those of group P as well as the total propofol consumption and awakening time after operation( P 0. 05,P 0. 01). No significant differences were found in the physician and patient satisfaction and rate of amnesia and adverse events between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion Propofol combined with remifentanil TCI in gastric polyps resection during painless gastroscopy with RugLoop program has the effect of sedation and analgesia,reduces the propofol dosage,shortens the postoperative awaking time and improves the safety.


Under National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules, all Division I and II student-athletes are subject to year-round drug testing. In addition to these NCAA-mandated tests, the NCAA encour...


In this paper, we are addressing the two-stage transportation problem with fixed charge for opening the distribution centers, which is an extension of the classical transportation problem. The problem models a distribution network in a two-stage supply chain which involves: manufacturers, distribution centers and customers, and its main characteristic is that a fixed charge for opening the distribution centers is associated, in addition to the variable transportation cost which is proportional to the amount of goods shipped. We describe a novel solution approach for the minimization of total distribution costs: a fast and efficient constructive heuristic algorithm that reduces the solution search space to a subspace with a reasonable size, without losing optimal or sub-optimal solutions by considering a perturbation mechanism that allows us to reconsider discarded feasible solutions that might lead to such solutions. Computational results are reported and discussed for the existing benchmark instances and on a set of instances that contains eight new randomly generated larger instances. The obtained results show that our solution approach is highly competitive as compared to the existing methods from the literature.


To set up an alternating model between Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Kunming neonatal rats for determining the genomic evolution of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). A sequencing analysis of the JEV-SA14 strain was conducted in the rat brain. After 14 cycles of alternate passages, JEV-RNA showed a relatively high mutation rate in the nucleotides over the entire coding genome, and most of the mutations were single synonymous nucleotide substitutions without amino acid changes. Neither insertions nor deletions were observed. In particular, the viral regions involved in viral infectivity and immunogenicity were well conserved. JEV-SA14 has a relatively stable genetic mutation pattern, and the alternating model is useful for laboratory studies on the evolution of JEV, as well as for other arboviruses, such as the Zika virus.


A drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment was followed before and after spontaneous improvement. Low luminance visual acuity increased 35 letters following pigment epithelial detachment improvement, whereas best-corrected visual acuity remained stable. These findings support that low luminance visual acuity is a sensitive functional measure in intermediate age-related macular degeneration, can correlate to anatomic changes, and could potentially improve by six or more lines of vision. Background/Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration is the most prevalent cause of permanent vision loss in the developed world. Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments are a biomarker of age-related macular degeneration disease progression and typically result in poor visual prognosis. Low luminance visual acuity (LLVA) has been previously been shown to correlate with the severity of age-related macular degeneration. However, the degree of spontaneous improvement of this functional outcome is still under investigation. Methods: Observational clinical case report. Results: A drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment that increased in size with the development of hyperreflective foci spontaneously improved with restoration of normal foveal contour over the span of 41 months without progression to geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularization. Although best-corrected visual acuity remained stable both before and after the pigment epithelial detachment resolution, low luminance visual acuity decreased from a baseline of 59 (20/63 −1) to 39 (20/160 −1) letters over 17 months. However, over the subsequent 24 months, low luminance visual acuity improved by 35 letters to 74 letters (20/32 −2). Conclusion: Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments can resolve without treatment. Low luminance visual acuity seems to correlate with the anatomic improvement and can improve spontaneously by more than six lines of vision.


A facility effluent monitoring plan is required by the US Department of Energy in DOE Order 5400.1* for any operations that involve hazardous materials and radioactive substances that could affect employee or public safety or the environment. A facility effluent monitoring plan determination was performed during Calendar Year 1991 and the evaluation showed the need for a facility effluent monitoring plan. This document is prepared using the specific guidelines identified in A Guide for Preparing Hanford Site Facility effluent Monitoring Plans, WHC-EP-0438-1**. This facility effluent monitoring plan assesses effluent monitoring systems and evaluates whether they are adequate to ensure the public health and safety as specified in applicable federal, state, and local requirements.


During last decades, algorithms able to retrieve the coastline exploiting radar data instead of optical one have been presented. In recent years, the tendency to achieve high resolution has also appeared. In this manuscript, a technique for coastal line retrieval from multichannel SAR images is presented. The method faces the detection problem via statistical estimation, in particular exploiting Bayesian estimation theory. The proposed technique is able to detect the sea boundary at full resolution and low error rate. Results on high resolution COSMO-SkyMed data sets acquired on the Bay of Naples are presented, showing the remarkable accuracy of the method.


Abstract : A summary of technical work resulting from the purchase and maintenance of TV cameras for Navy Physical Security use. The camera image conversion requirements deemed necessary for the application are stated in the procurement specification. The image analysis incoming inspection tests that were developed to monitor performance of production cameras are discussed. Technical improvements resulting from this work and the performance deficiencies still encountered give an overview of industrial TV cameras used in a demanding application. (Author)


Three degrees of freedom (TDOF) vibration system during sheet blanking based on servo press is established, and the amplitude vibration of the body, slider and base of the servo press is simulated by the software Matlab/Simulink. The influence of the blanking speed and the initiation fracture position of blank on the maximum amplitude of slider are analyzed in detail. The results show that with the decreasing of the blanking speed, the trend of the maximum amplitude of slider decreases. The amplitude of slider decreases effectively if the position of the initiation fracture of blank is at the wave crest of the free vibration. To reduce the vibration and improve the productivity, a high speed adopts when the slider moves downward, and a slow speed adopts during stamping by utilizing the controllability of the slider stroke of servo press.


A family media enterprise with very strong family culture and values is in the third and fourth generations of ownership and governance. They face a crisis when a large number of family shareholders want to cash out their shares. What led to this situation? How could it have been avoided? How should it be resolved?

Lack of succession and liquidity planning can harm the business through generations when it becomes a crisis.


Mobile edge computing allows resource-constrained mobile devices to offload their computationally-intensive tasks to powerful devices at the edge of the network. Designing an optimal offloading strategy for deciding whether to execute a task locally or at an edge device has attracted much attention recently. The existing literature focuses mostly on settings with a single mobile device or a single edge device, making the results unsuitable for real-world situations. This paper considers a setting consisting of multiple non-cooperative mobile devices and multiple edge devices, and aims to design offloading policies that minimize the task drop rate as well as the execution delay without requiring information about the dynamics of the environment such as channel models and task arrival rates at mobile devices. This non-cooperative resource allocation problem is only partially observable to each mobile device. We propose a method to mitigate the partial observability and then apply a deep reinforcement learning-based policy that progressively learns the dynamics of the environment as well as the long-term consequences of decisions. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the task drop rate compared to existing offloading policies, while minimizing energy and computation cost of each mobile device.


Objective Observes Levie to like and Tinidazole tablets treating the old age feminine urethritis and the vaginitis clinical effect.Methods 73 example urethritises and the vaginitis old age feminine patient takes Tinidazole tablets,daily 1 time,each time 1g,treatment course 5 days,orally the Levie love,daily 1 time,each time 1.25mg,treatment course 2~3 month.Before the medication all passes through the mammary gland inspection and the B ultra inspection,removed time the estrogen use contraindication.Results Takes Tinidazole tablets 5 days and orally Levie to like for 1 month reexamining,convalesces 44 examples,the effective 19 examples,the invalid 10 examples,the cure rate reaches 60%,effectiveness reaches 26%.Continues to the effective 19 example patient to take orally the Levie love.After 2 weeks the process reexamines achieves the clinical cure completely.Conclusion Takes orally Levie to like and Tinidazole tablets being able to treat the old age feminine urethritis and the vaginitis effectively,the side reaction formation rate is low,is accepted easily by the patient.


Multiple sensors image fusion is increasingly being employed in video surveillance. This paper presents a color based grayscale-fused image enhancement algorithm. The main advantage of this algorithm is to stand out the meaningful information of a certain sensor in the selected band of the color space, while maintaining the high resolution of the grayscale-fused image. Moreover, a performance evaluation method based on analyzing the average gradients of the color-fused image is presented and experiments are performed using images under complex environment. The results show that the addition of color to grayscale-fused image can significantly increase observer's sensitivity and the accuracy of further classification and recognition.


Abstract: The Use of Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model by Concrete Media in Improving Natural Science Learning at Fifth Grade Student of SDN 5 Kutosari in The Academic Year 2014/2015. The objectives of this research are: (1) to describe steps of using PjBL model with concrete media, and (2) to improve natural science learning by using PjBL model with concrete media. The research is Collaborative-Classroom Action Research and doing in three cyclus, with each cyclus consist of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The result of research indicate that the use of the PjBL model by concrete media can improve natural science learning at fifth grade student of SDN 5 Kutosari in the academic year 2014/2015. Keyword:PjBL, concret media, natural science.


Alcohol invariably connotes different, often conflicting, feelings. As Iain Gately rightly observes in Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol (2009), it "has been credited with the powers of inspiration and destruction" (1). This reflection is as relevant to classical antiquity, when wine was savoured during the Greek symposia, as to the modern world, in which alcohologists study the devastating effects of alcohol abuse. However, much as sociological, psychological, and medical research into alcoholism provide statistics, problem-analysis, and therapeutic approaches, literature offers representations of alcoholism which allow for a more profound insight into alcohol dependence and its many implications. This article focuses on how alcoholism is dissected and contextualised in literature, predominantly in contemporary English fiction.


.../I Artificiallyconstructed closed ecological systems (C.E.S.) have been researched both experimentally and theoretically for over 25 years. The size of these systems have varied from less than one liter to many thousands of cubic meters in volume. The diversity of the included components has a similarly wide range from purely aquatic systems to soil based systems that incorporate many aspects of Earth's biosphere. While much has been learned about the functioning of these closed systems, much remains to be learned. In this paper we compare and contrast the behavior of closed ecological systems of widely different sizes through an analysis of their atmospheric composition. In addition, we will compare the performance of relatively small C.E.S. with the behavior of Earth's biosphere. We address the applicability of small C.E.S. as replicable analogs for planetary biospheres and discuss the use of small C.E.S. as an experimental milieu for an examination of the evolution of extra-terrestrial colonies. IV-18 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930018787 2020-01-22T08:07:04+00:00Z


We propose a family of new representations of the braid groups on surfaces that extend linear representations of the braid groups on a disc such as the Burau representation and the Lawrence-Krammer-Bigelow representation.


PARKWAY, BEACH AND PROMENADE: ROBERT MOSES' REGIONAL VISION fast-moving traffic, but their gentle curves and carefully maintained land scaping to this day evoke the mood of recreational motoring they were intended to promote. Moses was adamant that every detail reflect his romantic visions of motoring and of the natural landscape. Bridges were faced with locally hewn rock, not left New York—This year marks the hun dredth anniversary of the birth of Robert Moses, one of the most prolific builders of public works the region, or the country, has seen. Moses' parks, parkways, bridges and urban renewal projects made him many enemies—Robert Caro's volumi nous yet popular (and Pulitzer-Prize winning) vilification of Moses, The Power Broker, is still the departure point for debates about Moses' accom plishments—still, he has legions of admirers. Many are frustrated planners and builders who adulate Moses because he got things done. But others realize that Moses articulated a rare vision—one that not only took in the open space, housing and transporta tion needs of the region but also lav ished upon even the smallest projects an attention for detail that invested them with great significance. A good way to understand the scope ot Moses' work is to travel the network of highways he built through out the region. Although they are now- popular commuter routes, they were built to connect New York City and its northern suburbs with the parks he scattered liberally throughout Long Island. Moses wanted Long Island's open spaces to be a recreational escape valve for the crowded city, and he knew it was crucial to act before inev itable suburban development occurred. The highways were more than con nections; they were parks themselves, setting a standard for a new genre of road: the parkway. They were built for as unconsidered, utilitarian concrete and steel post-and-beam viaducts. Gas stations and a state police barracks were carefully designed, albeit in a Cape Cod style. A unique icon identi fies each parkway, not the standard interstate shield. The task of the Meadowbrook Parkway is to carry traffic to Jones Beach State Park; for that reason alone it would be a route of special anticipa tion and excitement. Moses wanted his parkway design to heighten that. Wheeling off the Southern State you notice the lighting standards change from typical metal poles to wooden posts with decorative carvings at the top, a signal that nature is to be encountered here, even if only in the most carefully controlled way. Several miles before you arrive at Jones Beach, you see the obelisk that serves as the focal landmark for the park wavering through the haze on the horizon, clev erly proportioned so it always seems far away, beckoning one onward. To reach the barrier island on which the beach is located, one must cross a bridge whose silhouette mimics the lines of a ship. At Jones Beach, in a meeting room on the upper floor of the West Bathhouse, is another testament to the breadth of Moses' vision. Covering most of one wall, reaching almost from floor to ceiling, is a photograph depicting an aereal view of the park shortly after it was finished. The mural shows the painstaking formality of the landscape: boardwalk, parking fields, PLACES


This article proposes a working definition for the term 'lost wilderness tourist' and uses this definition to examine lost wilderness tourist events through the lenses of tourism literature, lost person behaviour literature, search and rescue literature and wilderness tourists in Australia. A tool was developed using existing literature to recruit self-identifying lost wilderness tourists. First-person stories were collected through open ended, one-on-one qualitative interviews. Interview data were analysed using 3-step coding. The findings propose a definition for the term 'lost wilderness tourist', establish that lost wilderness tourist events can be categorised as 'disorientated' or 'stuck' and that these 2 meta categories can be further divided into subcategories. The findings offer insights into the lived experiences of lost wilderness tourists. These insights are useful for anyone with an interest in lost wilderness events and the safety of people in Australia's wilderness areas.


The Grell‐Freitas deep convection scheme (GF) has been implemented in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with the nonhydrostatic Model for Prediction Across Scales dynamical core. Aquaplanet simulations have been performed with a global quasi‐uniform resolution mesh with ∼120 km grid spacing and a variable resolution mesh employing a circular refined region with ∼30 km grid spacing centering at the equator and ∼120 km elsewhere. GF produces overall patterns of the general circulations comparable to those of other aquaplanet experiments, including those produced using the default Zhang‐McFarlane convection scheme (ZM) in CAM Version 5.4. GF alleviates the overestimated occurrence of weak intensity precipitation characteristic of ZM due to GF's different closure methods and deep‐convection trigger conditions. Compared to ZM, the GF characteristics of the equatorial Kelvin waves are closer to observations. GF also better simulates precipitation at variable resolution, with no unrealistic wave distortion by the refinement. Overall, GF shows less sensitivity of convective precipitation and heating/moistening tendencies to changes in horizontal resolution compared to ZM. However, vertically overlapped total cloud fraction simulated with GF in the tropics is more sensitive to the resolution than ZM due to the larger resolution‐sensitivity of high‐level cloud fraction in the tropics.


By introducing a set of new triplet leptons (with nonzero hypercharge) that can Yukawa couple to their standard model counterparts, new sources of tree-level flavor changing currents are induced via mixing. In this work, we study some of the consequences of such new contributions on processes such as the leptonic decays of gauge bosons, l{yields}3l{sup '} and l{yields}l{sup '{gamma}}, which violate lepton flavor, and {mu}-e conversion in atomic nuclei. Constraints are then placed on the parameters associated with the exotic triplets by invoking the current low-energy experimental data. Moreover, the new physics contribution to the lepton anomalous magnetic moments is calculated.


Progress in distribution,sources and transportation of cadmium in soils are summarized.The occurrence,bioavailability and extraction methodologies for cadmium in soils are discussed in this paper.


Summary: We examined the effect of (i) a second interviewer's demeanour and (ii) asking expected and unexpected questions on cues to deception. We predicted that liars compared with truth tellers would provide more detail to expected questions and less detail to unexpected questions, particularly when the second interviewer is supportive. Liars prepare answers for expected questions, and a supportive interviewer will encourage them to provide more detail. By definition, liars have not prepared answers for unexpected questions, and their answers to such questions will be less detailed. Participants (N=168) appeared before two interviewers: The first asked all the questions, and the second remained silent. The second interviewer exhibited either a supportive or a neutral demeanour. As predicted, liars provided more detail to expected questions and less detail to unexpected questions, particularly when the second interviewer was supportive. In conclusion, a supportive second interviewer elicits cues to deceit. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Suspects are frequently interviewed with two interviewers present in the room. For example, a survey amongst UK police officers revealed that 68% of interviews with juvenile suspects are conducted with more than one investigator present (Sim & Lamb, 2012). In addition, suspect interviews in human intelligence settings are also frequently carried out with two interviewers (Soufan, 2011). Research papers on using pairs of interviewers, outside the intelligence (or police) context, have revealed three advantages of this technique (Huber & Power, 1985; Kincaid & Bright, 1957). First, it is efficient as one interviewer can engage in conversation while the other can concentrate on recording answers accurately and completely. Second, when the interview becomes unstructured orwhenthe first interviewervigorously pursues one train of thought, a second interviewer can pick up on points missed by the first interviewer. Third, when analysing the interviews, the second interviewer canaid the recall of the first.Despitethe frequent use of two interviewers, there is not much forensic research examining the effect of using a second interviewer on suspect's responses. In the present experiment, we examined which demeanour (being supportive or neutral) a second interviewer should adopt to maximise verbal differences between truthful and deceptive interviewees. We examined the effect of the second interviewer's demeanour on the answers to (i) questions that were in all likelihood anticipated and (ii) questions that were in all likelihood not anticipated.


Three sets of 10 MV x-ray zero-area phantom scatter correction factors have been obtained using three methods. The three methods are all based on the Bjärngard - Petti extrapolation principle. The three sets of data assume lateral CPE (charged particle equilibrium) for the primary absorbed dose. Using the most reliable set of data, a set of 10 MV x-ray SMRs (scatter - maximum ratios) is produced and parameterized. With respect to the zero-area correction factor at a depth of 2.5 cm, the parameterized expression gives and a Rice - Chin Monte Carlo simulation gives . The former is only 0.4% larger than the latter.


Differential pressure fluctuations are used to measure flow patterns of horizontal two-phase flow because the fluctuations seem to be closely connected with the flow structure. The differential pressure is used to eliminate the effect of pressure fluctuations occurring outside the test section and is measured at the interval between the top and the bottom at a cross-section of a tube to detect a local and instantaneous flow change. The experimental results show that the horizontal flow of nitrogen gas (or air)-water mixture exhibits peculiar features of statistical properties such as the probability density function, the power spectral density and the cross-correlation, and its flow patterns can be classified by using the features. The results suggest that it is possible to identify the flow patterns of horizontal two-phase flow.


metastasis. 2 The rarity of urethral malignant melanoma and its great variability in terms of presentation and behaviour make standardisation of treatment impossible. Each case should be treated on its merits. We offered wide local excision to histologically free margins in our patient, initially avoiding extensive radical surgery, and the patient remained free of recurrence for 15 months. Conservative management can be justified on the grounds that the quality of life is significantly better with preservation of the organ and its function. However, close follow-up is mandatory with a view to undertaking radical excision at the first sign of local recurrence, as in this case. Although primary radical surgical excision may appear to be the treatment of choice, its efficacy is unproven. A conservative approach in selected cases should be considered, provided that it is backed up by regular stringent follow-up. Such an approach will help to improve the quality of life in these patients without necessarily compromising the overall prognosis.


We investigate historical data for crude oil prices using autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) models to determine whether shocks in the series have transitory or permanent effects. Our best specification is an ARFIMA(2,d,2) with an estimated value of d around 0.4, but its confidence interval is wide and does not allow us to either reject the I(0) or the I(1) hypotheses. This high level of uncertainty may be due to the presence of breaks or non-linear trends in the data.


Thomson scattering phenomena underlie a powerful nonperturbing plasma diagnostic technique, which requires only access to the plasma radiation from the scattering of an incident laser beam. In this paper, a simulation of the Thomson scattering diagnostic of the TCABR tokamak clearly shows the proportionality between the spectral width of the scattered radiation and the square root of the plasma electron temperature, which is the basis for Thomson scattering temperature measurements.


According to the property and requirement of RE chloride fusion electrolysis process, the advantages of electrolysis with the over sizing radiation are concerned. For improving the quantity and quality under the present condition, suggestions for solving questions on electrolysis are introduced.


With the advancement of communication technologies and the development of the smart grid, today's physical power systems present an ever-growing dependency on cyber resources. It increases cyber vulnerabilities, causing safety and system stability concerns. In this article, a data-driven resilient automatic generation control (AGC) scheme is proposed under a false data injection attack (FDIA). The key idea is to identify the relationship between AGC signals and system operational conditions. This is achieved by the proposed regression-based FDIA signal predictions, including sequence-to-point prediction and the long short-term memory network-based prediction. It allows us to reconstruct the AGC control signals without being affected by FDIAs and to attenuate attacks in the closed control loop, thus alleviating the impact of FDIA on system performance. Numerical results carried out on the benchmark systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The notion of the "rise of the Sunbelt" and the "decline of the Northeast" has raised the spectre of relentless economic disintegration of the northeastern states and the lure of boundless affluence across the southern and southwestern rim. What is myth and what is reality in these emerging perceptions? This paper reviews the trends of the past fifteen years, and speculates on the possibility of unsettled economic weather in the Sunbelt and valid investment potentials in the Northeast. Alternative future scenarios are suggested in the light of the marked acceleration of the thrusts of change of the last five years.


With the acceleration of global economic integration, cross-border transactions are becoming more and more frequent. However, traditional cross-border transaction systems generally suffer from inefficiency, high cost and privacy leakage. In this paper, we study the privacy protection problem in cross-border transactions and propose a privacy protection scheme for cross-border transactions based on block-chain technology. First, this paper briefly introduces the basic principles of block-chain technology and its application scenarios in cross-border transactions. Second, to address the shortcomings of existing privacy protection technologies, this paper proposes a privacy protection scheme that combines data encryption technology, zero-knowledge proof and hybrid network. The scheme achieves automatic execution and verification through smart contracts, which effectively protects the privacy of cross-border transaction participants. Finally, the effectiveness of the privacy protection scheme proposed in this paper in improving the level of privacy protection for cross- border transactions is verified through experimental evaluation and result analysis. This study is important for promoting the development of cross- border transactions, improving transaction efficiency and protecting user privacy.


Self-Compacting concrete (SCC) is identified as a high performance concrete with the ability of self compaction, using its own weight without any external vibration. SCC is able to fill congested area and voids, even in highly reinforced concrete members whilst it flows without segregation. The fresh properties of SCC such as workability can be determined using different tests including slump-flow, J ring, V-funnel, U box, L box, GTM and column technique. In this paper the effect of different amount of cementitious material, silica fume and W/C ratios on workability and compressive strength of SCC are investigated. The results indicate that the workability of mixtures is reduced by increasing the amounts of cement and silica fume. However, the effect of increasing in the silica fume is significantly more than that of cement. Furthermore, it has been found that the V-funnel test is more capable to measure the workability of SCC comparing to other aforementioned methods.


The invention discloses a method and system for realizing human-computer interaction and belongs to the field of human-computer interaction. A main mouse body is mounted on the arm of a user through a mouse wearing device. The method comprises the following steps: when the user waves the arm, obtaining an acceleration signal through the main mouse body, and processing the acceleration signal to obtain a first processing result; according to the first processing result and the initial position of a mouse, calculating with a predefined algorithm to obtain the position information and the attitude information of the mouse; collecting an electromyographic signal of the limb surface of the user through the main mouse body, processing the electromyographic signal to obtain a second processing result, and carrying out analog-digital conversion for the second processing result to obtain a digital signal; detecting the button type according to the digital signal, wherein the key is a left key or a right key; transferring the position information and the attitude information of the mouse and the button type to a mouse interactive application device on terminal equipment to analyze the operation of the user through the main mouse body. The method can improve the human-computer interaction experience of the user and does not influence the health of the user.


A business is both an economic entity and a social citizen.When the action of the business social responsibility spreads like a storm, most businesses in China start self-examination about their moral action.During the transitional period,what values and ethical spirit do China's businesses depend on to propel the society forward? We must pay a close attention to and study it.To attain a harmonious development of the business,we must take the business moral responsibility as a juncture,rationally define the conception of the moral responsibility,and think from the aspects of both the construction of regulations and personal responsibility.


In accordance with the general strategic objectives of the Chinese textile industry and the international development conditions and trends, this article describes, from the angle of information technology and in view of the characteristics of textile production, new equipment and technological processes, how to meet the future development requirements of architectural form, type,room layout design, pillar net selection, architectural lighting, interior working environment, as well as mill environment and shape design in today's fast-changing science and technologies, and puts forward envisages and prospects accordingly.


This paper analyzes the accounting reasoning of two expert accounting witnesses at the 2006 trial of Enron executives who testified that the financial reporting of Enron conformed fully with US generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP]. We analyze the experts' evidence using argumentation theory to highlight important issues in the reasoning process underlying financial reporting as support for our critique of the IASB's proposed 2015 Conceptual Framework. We make two recommendations. First, that a CF should be allowed to override any detailed standard whenever that standard results in untruthful/unethical reporting. This effectively means that the CF should be installed at the top of any GAAP hierarchy as the dominant item guiding standard setting and professional practice. Second, that the concept of 'faithful representation' should invoke the concept of 'verifiably acceptable levels of accounting risk' in order to incorporate the notion of truthfulness of forecasts in accounting estimates.


The object of the paper is the generation and vibration analysis for the self-power module with the pizo-structure and spring-mass system by using the external harmonic displacement. These three external harmonic displacement frequencies are considered. These include f0 = 4.8696 Hz, f1 = 24 Hz and f2 = 85 Hz. Form the analysis result; this can be known that as the external harmonic displacement frequency is the resonant frequency, the mass block maximum displacement is the 0.37 m. The generations of the up and down piezo-electronic are 0.044499756 V and 1.551240332 V, respectively. When the external harmonic displacement frequency is more than the resonant frequency of the mass block, the double harmonics motion of the mass block displays, the maximum displacement of the mass block by applied the external resonant frequency is more than by applied the external higher frequency.


Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common vaginal and fungal infections. Many are successfully treated with antifungal drugs, but ∼9% of cases will recur even with treatment (RVVC). We quantified the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of vaginal and rectal yeast isolates from four individuals with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis during a symptomatic relapse. One participant had a Nakaseomyces glabrata infection while the other three had Candida albicans. We used whole genome sequencing to place the isolates into a global phylogenic context and precisely quantify standing genetic variation within RVVC yeast populations. The C. albicans isolates statistically clustered close together and closer than expected to other vaginal isolates in a subgroup of clade 1. In all participants, we found that vaginal and rectal isolates are monophyletic and phylogenetically overlapping, consistent with frequent migration between sites. We found very low levels of genotypic and phenotypic diversity and few phenotypic outliers, consistent with rapid population expansion. This provides a view of the within-host isolate variation that is inconsistent with a rectal source population for vaginal reinfection and a generally small effective population size over time in RVVC. Importance Recurrent vaginal yeast infections are relatively common, yet many open questions remain about the infecting fungal population. We examined the genetic and phenotypic diversity within vaginal and fungal populations from four individuals with a history of recurrent yeast infections experiencing symptoms. Three of the participants had a Candida albicans infection (the most common causative species) while the fourth had a Nakaseomyces glabrata infection (the second most common and increasingly implicated). This is the first study to use whole genome sequencing to capture genotypic diversity within recurrent yeast infections precisely. We found that vaginal and rectal isolates were overlapping, indicating frequent migration of individuals between the two sites. The overall level of genetic variation within the populations was very low and nearly all isolates had very similar phenotypes. These results are consistent with rapid population expansion during symptomatic infection and inconsistent with a rectal source population leading to vaginal reinfection.


Streptococcal infections are becoming an increasing problem in aquaculture and have been reported worldwide in a variety of fish species. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of Streptococcus iniae from Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) cultured in southern Thailand. Conventional and rapid identification systems, as well as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were used to determine that the isolate was S. iniae. The virulence of this S. iniae was higher in Asian sea bass than in red tilapia, as shown by the 10 day-LD 50 in Asian sea bass and red tilapia, being 1.08x10 4 and 1.14x10 7 CFU, respectively. Histopathological changes in Asian sea bass are more severe than those observed in red tilapia. The changes can be found in several organs including liver, pancreas, heart, eye and brain. Histopathological findings included cellular necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes and granuloma formation in the infected organs.


Copyright 2016 by The Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Address for correspondence; Jung-Joon Sung Department of Neurology, Seoul National University School of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-2820 Fax: +82-2-3672-7553 E-mail: email@example.com Brief Communication


This invention relates to a novel process for the treatment of unsaturated organic halides which comprises reacting an unsaturated halide. of the class consisting of those unsaturated hal ides containing at least four carbon atoms and those containing a tertiary carbon atom, partic ularly an unsaturated tertiary carbon atom, with a strong mineral oxyacid to yield an acidor ... neutral halogenated alkyl ester, and further comprises treating the resulting mineral acid ester with water or an organic hydroxy com pound whereby a halogenated alcohol or a halo genated ether, respectively, may be obtained. Another object of the present invention is to obtain a class of hitherto unknown halogenated alkyl esters, which novel esters are prepared by


Material and Methods: From 2006-2013 801 patients with early stage NSCLC were treated with CBCT guided SBRT (median 54 Gy in 3 fractions) in 5 institutes for whom treatment plans were available. 565 patients were analyzed after exclusion of synchronous or metachronous tumors (n=80), follow-up<1y (n=63), or death from cancer (93).An average anatomy was constructed based on 109 patients of the 5 institutes using deformable image registration. Subsequently, all patients were registered to this average anatomy and the corresponding dose distribution was deformed accordingly [1]. The heart and substructures right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, superior vena cava, descending aorta and left pulmonary artery were contoured on the average anatomy. For each (sub)structure dosimetric parameters DV (V: 0 cc-max), VD (D: 0 Gy-max), EUDn (n: 0.1-10) were obtained.Associations of these dosimetric parameters with death were evaluated using univariate Cox regression. Per (sub)structure the parameter with the lowest Akaike information criterion was selected and used in subsequent analyses. Correlations between all (sub)structures were assessed prior to inclusion in a multivariate Cox regression. Finally, the (sub)structure(s) that remained significant in the first multivariate analysis were included in a second multivariate analysis, also including; performance status, age, gender, biological dose, distance to bronchus, comorbidity index, lung-function, tumor diameter, T-stage, institute and pack years smoking.


Cotton gin trash (CGT) is a ubiquitous cotton production waste resource. One of the solutions for large scale utilization of these wastes produced abundantly in the USA is the production of biofuels such as ethanol. In this research, various combinations of pretreatments to produce bio-ethanol from a highly lignocellulosic material such as cotton gin trash were evaluated. The combination of three different pretreatments: ultrasonication, steam explosion and ligninolytic enzymes were evaluated in 7 pretreatment combinations to determine their response to improve the cellulose conversion and the ethanol yield. The saccharification process was made using a combination of two commercial enzymes Accellerase 1500 and Accellerase XC (Genencor International) and the fermentation of the sugars to ethanol using ethanol red (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). All the pretreatments combinations upgraded the quantities of sugar and ethanol produced compared with the unpretreated CGT biomass. However, the best results were achieved by the sequential combination of ultrasonication, steam explosion and ligninolytic enzymes with an approximately difference of around 10% with respect to the other pretreatments. All pre-treatments significantly improved the percentages of sugars originally present in the CGT biomass. These initial results will pave the way for new possibilities to improve and make more feasible the bio-ethanol production from CGT and other agro-industrial biomass.


In this paper the present situation of development and application of anchoring technology,mechanism for anchoring technology both at home and abroad were introduced.It is pointed out that the theoretical study has to be done for application of anchoring technology in geotechnical engineering.


Epilepsy is a chronic disease that causes seizures. Automatic detection of a seizure before its occurrence could protect patients from accidents and potentially save their lives. This article proposes a framework that automatically predicts seizures by analyzing EEG signals. The wireless sensor technology captures brain signals, and cloud-based services are used to collect and analyze EEG data from a patient's mobile phone. Features from the EEG signal are extracted by using the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform (FWHT), and a higher-order spectral analysis is applied to FWHT coefficients to reduce the feature set relevant to normal, preictal, and ictal states of seizure. The entropy-based features are classified using the Gaussian process classification algorithm. The performance of the proposed model is tested on the Amazon EC2 cloud and assessed in terms of execution time and accuracy.


Abstract Based on known correlations permeability was calculated for the mixtures containing various proportions of selected FBC fly ash, Speswhite kaolin and lime. The influence of initial water content of the mixtures was also considered. The study was limited to the first four weeks of curing time. Results of calculations were discussed on the background of previously obtained observations for mixtures of tested materials.


Development of a more scholarly approach to teaching at university may expose the novice university teacher to an apparent conflict in belief systems about teaching and learning (i.e. epistemological beliefs). Educational research is explicit in its recognition of a constructivist framework, whilst other academic research is often embedded more implicitly within an objectivist framework. A reconceptualisation of objectivism and constructivism as complementary philosophies is suggested here as it may help support the evolution of a sophisticated epistemology among teacher/researchers. This supports a learner‐centred teaching approach within higher education without conflicting with deeply held beliefs about academic research. These issues are reported here with reference to informal discussions with graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) registered on a course of teacher development within two UK universities.


Masking patterns were mapped under simultaneous and temporal masking conditions. In the first study, a 5‐msec tonal signal was presented at various delays relative to onset of a 240‐msec 80‐dB tonal masker. Masked audiograms for the simultaneous (steady‐state) masker conditions differed from temporal masking functions in two important respects. First, the classical upward‐spread‐of‐masking effect was not observed in backward and forward masking. For example, at the secondary peak of the simultaneous masking function, the nonsimultaneous masker was nearly 30 dB less effective than the simultaneously presented masker. Second, for signal frequencies below the frequency of the masker, less masking was exhibited in the simultaneous masking condition. The temporal development of the masking pattern was investigated in a second study, in which the duration of the masker was varied. In the simultaneous‐masker condition, in the region below the masker frequency, brief‐duration maskers were as much as 20 dB more ef...


The announcement late in 2009 [1] that a substantial number of clearly fraudulent papers had been published in Acta Crystallographica, Section E over a number of years, with an initial retraction of 70 articles, caused shock and dismay in the crystallographic community. Sadly more were to come. The revelations resulted in other problem structures being reported to the editors. They also prompted significant efforts to ensure that such practices could be detected, at least in IUCr Journals, at the point of submission. This paper will trace the background to the fraudulent submissions and describe the principal fraudulent procedures that were used, including the use of a single X-ray set data to generate several, seemingly unique structures, also metal or other element swapping to avoid a submitted structure being rejected as a duplicate. Current checking practices will be described and the success of the measures put in place to prevent a recurrence of the problems will be assessed.


The article verifies in what measure Brazilian parties have been important political tools for the formation of voting preferences. The data from ESEB2002 and ESEB2006 allow to analyse how voters evaluate parties as organizations, the links between parties and voters, and the role of socioeconomic and demographic variables in the explanation of the impact of parties in the formation of political preferences. The results show the negative evaluation of the parties in 2002 and 2006, and that in 2006 the political cleavage between government and opposition did not distinguish parties in the electoral process.


A secondary benefit of abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction may be improving the abdominal contour, however poor scaring can lead to aesthetic dissatisfaction and complications. While studies have demonstrated favorable aesthetic results and decreased operative time using dermal or subcuticular stapling (Insorb), no reports exist regarding epidermal stapling.

 The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic abdominal scar outcomes, closure time, and postoperative complications of abdominally based breast reconstruction patients who have undergone suture closure versus epidermal staple closure.

 A total of 217 patients who underwent abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction from 2011 to 2022 were included and retrospectively analyzed (staples= 41, suture= 176). Twenty-four patients' postoperative abdominal scar photographs were randomly chosen (staples=12, sutures=12) and assessed by three board-certified plastic surgeons using a modified Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Closure time (minutes per centimeter) using staples or sutures was also analyzed.

 Assessment of abdominal scars closed by epidermal staples revealed significant improvements in thickness (p=0.033), relief (p=0.033), surface area (p=0.017), overall opinion (p=0.033), POSAS score (p=0.034), and VAS scar score (p=0.023) in comparison to scars closed by sutures. Closing the abdominal wound with staples was significantly faster than closing with sutures (p<0.0001). Staple and suture closure had similar postoperative complication rates.

 Abdominal donor site scar quality may be superior and faster using the epidermal staple compared to traditional suture closure.


Do persons receiving welfare feel differently about themselves and others than persons who are not welfare recipients? Does duration of time on welfare have any bearing on these feelings? To answer these questions the writer compared 2 groups of clients who were receiving services from the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, using a number of scales that reflected attitudes regarding self and others. One group consisted of clients who were on welfare at the time of application for rehabilitation services and the other group consisted of those who were not. The welfare group was further broken down into 3 groups on the basis of the duration of time that they had been on welfare. No differences were found between any of the groups on self-concept, self-acceptance, ideal-self or concept of others. Some variables that might be masking the hypothesized differences, thus accounting for the present findings, are discussed.


Abstract Oligonucleotide primers made complementary to conserved sequences in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes previously cloned from other species were used to amplify segments of the corresponding genes from sorghum. Greater than 70% base sequence identity with homologous genes confirmed that a 535 bp clone (PAL1-1) and a 620 bp clone (CHS2G) were derived from the coding regions of PAL and CHS respectively. When used to probe genomic digests, the two clones detected 3 and 5EcoRI fragments, respectively. One fragment for each probe was polymorphic in the parents of a mapping population, permitting a locus for each gene to be located on a sorghum RFLP linkage map. RNA gel blot analyses were performed on extracts from control seedlings and from seedlings challenged with either of two fungal sorghum pathogens or a pathogen of maize that elicits a hypersensitive response in sorghum. Although low levels of PAL and CHS mRNA transcripts were present constitutively in the controls, both rapidly accumulated to high levels following inoculation with the maize pathogen,Bipolaris maydis, and decreasing amounts of mRNA were apparent by 120 h post-inoculation. Since challenge withSporisorium reilianumwas by needle inoculation, an additional control of mock inoculations was included for this pathogen. However, no differences in the amount of mRNA for either gene were detected over the sampling period, whether samples from uninoculated, mock inoculated or spore-inoculated seedlings were tested. Differences in the timing and level of mRNA accumulation were detected in seedlings after inoculation withPeronosclerospora sorghi. While seedlings of both resistant and susceptible cultivars accumulated higher levels of PAL and CHS mRNA than uninoculated controls, the accumulation of mRNA in resistant cultivars was higher and longer lasting than that in susceptible cultivars.


Due to the computational demand of data intensive applications, parallel computer hardware such as the HPC Cluster system is required to execute such the applications. However, building large HPC Clusters for this sole purpose is not always feasible or even not cost-effective since the purchasing, operational and maintenance cost of' the dedicated systems is too high but they are not fully utilized in most of the time. In this regard, Volunteer Computing can address this problem as it provides a large amount of computing resources at no cost. We develop a system that expands the computing capability of HPC Clusters by using the additional computing power donated by volunteer users who would like to give the computing resources of their unused desktop computers to help execute jobs in the HPC Clusters. The proposed system can combine the native Cluster compute nodes and a set of' non-dedicated compute nodes contributed by volunteers. The experiments demonstrate that the volunteer resources, such as CPU time, disk storage and GPU, can be seamlessly integrated into the HPC Clusters allowing the systems to dynamically scale up/down regarding to the amount of resources in Volunteer Computing.


The article presents the results of modeling the process of dust deposition and determining the most efficient parameters of electric precipitators for air purification of the workplaces of operators of technological lines of flour mills and grain processing enterprises. It also provides a mechanism for dust coagulation during the operation of electrostatic precipitators. The study is relevant because the air working zone and the air of milling and grain processing enterprises, in particular, contains suspended aerosol with volatile fractions of organic substances. It has a negative effect on both the health of workers and the efficiency of production equipment. The efficiency of the proposed model of dust deposition from the air of the working zone is based on the use of electric charges on dispersed particles, which in turn makes the aerosol sensitive to the external electric fields.


The aim of this study is to discuss the experiences of prospective teachers during their school placements. For this aim, 41 prospective teachers taking School Experience II and Teaching Practice courses wrote and submitted a one‐ to two‐page reflection of their field‐based experiences at the end of the semester. Prospective teachers' written responses indicated that most of them experienced problems in their school placements. Student teachers in their second teaching placement said that they observed similar issues, repeated similar activities as they did in their first school placement. Student teachers enrolled in the last teaching practicum said that they did not feel like the teacher of the class and did not get enough chance to practice.


Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) based localization techniques are becoming more attractive as they provide improved localization accuracy and robustness compared to WiFi or ZigBee based approaches. However, a remaining problem is the necessary update frequency: In existing CSS based localization systems, the positions of the objects are determined one by one via unicast with nearby anchors instead of using broadcasts. We propose a faster distributed localization scheme for CSS based systems. A portion of nodes are considered cluster heads; they determine the locations of un-localized nodes by dynamically increasing the transmission power. Our novel scheme not only fully utilizes the spatial redundancy, which is crucial for speeding up the localization process. By also allowing to establish new anchors in a two-hop range, we can further increase speed without significantly influencing localization error. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation.


Here, we describe a pre‐derivation embryo haplotyping strategy that we developed in order to maximize the efficiency and minimize the costs of establishing banks of clinical grade hESC lines in which human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes match a significant proportion of the population. Using whole genome amplification followed by medium resolution HLA typing using PCR amplification with sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP), we have typed the parents, embryos and hESC lines from three families as well as our eight clinical grade hESC lines and shown that this technical approach is rapid, reliable and accurate. By employing this pre‐derivation strategy where, based on HLA match, embryos are selected for a GMP route on day 3–4 of development, we would have drastically reduced our cGMP laboratory running costs.


Background:  In tissue counter analysis, digital images are dissected into subregions (elements), and the digital information in each element is used for statistical analysis. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of tissue counter analysis and CART (Classification and Regression Tree) to the diagnostic discrimination of benign common nevi and malignant melanoma in dermatopathology.


Abstract: The dark matter annihilation cross section could suffer a boost due to the Sommerfeld enhancement at low energy. The importance of this process holds in the quantification of the effect on the cross section that an interactive potential produces before particle annihilation. In order to provide insight into the Sommerfeld enhancement we analytically compute it for the potential well and the attractive Coulomb potential. Finally, within the use of a numerical program we compute the Sommerfeld enhancement for the Yukawa potential since it is not analytically solvable.


Abstract In the spirit of Lyotard the paper acknowledges the market‐driven functionality at the centre of higher education. Through the understanding offered in Heidegger's phenomenological method it is proposed that education for being‐in‐the‐world is constrained by the social reification of inauthentic natures of temporality as revealed through performativity. It argues that a reconstituted Aristotelian virtue model of self has much to recommend it, offering a more essential mode of revealing ontology. The essence of higher education is not to be found in the 'present' expediencies of a succession of fragmented selfs buttressed under the rhetoric of lifetime learning. A fundamental social and moral re‐evaluation of higher‐level provision is urged, which contextualises the problem of an economic model used to drive the purpose of education at higher levels.


Student perceptions of caring physical education teaching were examined. Critical incident forms eliciting descriptions of caring teaching were administered to 518 United States elementary and secondary students. The forms were content analyzed and coded inductively to reveal 11 clusters of perceived caring teaching: showed me how to do a skill, honored my request, gave me a compliment, confronted my behavior, inquired about my health, attended to me when I was injured, allowed me to re-do my test, motivated me, played/participated with me during class, persuaded me, showed concern for my future health. The clusters were further analyzed into three subcategories—recognize me, help me learn, trust/respect me—and a main category—pay attention to me, to describe this phenomenon. The results suggest that numerous opportunities for physical education teachers to exhibit caring exist, that students notice attention provided by teachers, and that many identified caring behaviors support a theoretical framework that such behaviors are comprised of action and engrossment.


We present an optical method to measure three dimensional (3D) ship deformations. This method is based on optical collimation theory and thereby, with a crosshairs image projected and captured in a collimation optical path, the 3D deformation angles, including the pitching angle, the yawing angle and the rolling angle, could be calculated by image' variation. In order to improve the measurement precision, sub-pixel location algorithm is adopted in image processing. Particularly, given that the rolling angle is the most difficult to measure in a collimation optical path, numerical simulation is carried out to analysis the error characteristics of this angular measurement. Experimental results indicate that this 3D ship deformations measurement achieve the precision of several arcsecs in the distance of 25m and in the deformation range of -120″~120″.


Family planning program is an effort to increase public awareness in
realizing family happy and prosperous, avoiding unwanted pregnancy, births
desired gain, set the interval between pregnancy and determine the number of
children in the family. The coverage of Family planning at district of Rakit Kulim
at 2014 there are 38.9%, still far from the national targets of 70%. The purpose of
this research is discovery of the factors associated with the behavior of
reproductive age women to become family planning participants.
This research method is a mixed research method,there are quantitative
analytical research mix qualitative data. Quantitative study using cross sectional
design. Number of sample 366 reproductive age womenin the Rakit Kulim
District. Samples using proportional random sampling. Analysis data of bivariate
using chi square test and analysis of multivariate using binary logistic regression.
Research's result shows that there are relationship between experience
(p=0.0001), knowledge (p=0.003), attitude (p=0.0001), the perception of adverse
events (p=0.0001), motivated planning field workers (p=0.004), motivated health
worker (p=0.003) and the support of community leaders (p=0.004) to behavior of
reproductive age womenplanning participants. Multivariate analysis most
dominant variable related to the behavior of reproductive age womento become
planning participants is the experience (Ekp (β) 2,37) and attitude (Ekp (β) 7,114).
The conclusion are there are relationship between experience, knowledge,
attitude, perception, motivated planning field workers, motivated health worker,
the support of community leaders and behavior of reproductive age womento
becomeplanning participants. Suggestions for improving monitoring and
evaluation of the activity survailance, increase the number of field officers to
suplement family planning and and improving information, communication,
education.
Keywords : Family Planning and Reproductive Age Women.
References : 71 (1997-2014)