Through the digital signal processing (DSP) techniques, two simple implementations of the stretched coordinate perfectly matched layer (SC-PML) are proposed in this letter. Specially, they are based on the bilinear Z-transform and matched Z-transform methods, respectively. In addition, incorporating the concept of generalized material independent PML into these formulations enable them to be completely independent of material properties. Thus, these new implementations can be used to terminate the finite-difference time-domain lattices composed of arbitrary media. As for resource utilization, the proposals can guarantee that only one auxiliary variable is needed for each field component in the whole PML regions. A brief comparison of the number of floating-point operations and constant coefficients successfully shows that they can achieve a bit higher efficiency compared with other published efficient SC-PML implementations. Finally, two numerical examples of electromagnetic waves radiating in vacuum and soil half-space are provided to validate these DSP-based algorithms.


Catalytic performance of 3 and 5 wt.% of vanadia, supported on zirconia, zirconia-ceria, and zirconia-yttria, tested in the combustion of soot without and in the presence of NO was described. The catalysts were characterized by structural (XRD, RS) and functional (EPR, TPR) methods. The effect of composition on the catalytic performance of the investigated systems in soot combustion was discussed in detail. Zirconia-supported vanadia was found to be the most active catalyst for soot oxidation characterized by the lowest combustion temperature (~375 °C) attributed to the maximal signal of conversion to the detected products. The relationship between the reducibility of surface oxovanadium species and their catalytic activity was established, revealing the involvement of the lattice oxygen in the combustion process. The importance of thermal treatment conditions and the nature of zirconia-based support determining the stability of specific oxovanadium entities on the catalyst surface was emphasized.


A preliminary investigation of the magneto-optical effect in Co-based metallic bilayer, trilayer and multilayer films has been carried out in this paper. Various sublayers of non-magnetic materials with different thicknesses were selected. The Kerr enhancement due to the reduction of effective optical constants in Co/Ag bilayers and multilayers has been achieved.


The American Chemical Society (ACS) Exams Institute produces nationally normed exams for most chemistry courses, including biochemistry. The ACS Biochemistry Exam is created by a committee of educators who teach a biochemistry course. Topics typically covered on the ACS Biochemistry exam include metabolism, genetics, biomolecules, and enzymes. The 2013 Biochemistry exam is designed for use in either one‐semester biochemistry courses or two‐semester sequences. It does this by having 40 core items (for a 1‐semester course) and an additional 20 advanced items for those who use the exam in a two‐semester sequence. Discussion will focus on the benefits of using the ACS Biochemistry Exam as a form of assessment in a biochemistry course.


A 31-year-old woman with Crohn disease presented with tinnitus, headache, apathy, blurred vision, and nystagmus after 3 weeks of IV nutrition and partial colectomy. MRI showed abnormalities of the inferior colliculi (figure). Serum thiamine was …


Since the 1980s,there has been convergence of financial industry in the major developed countries.Industrial convergence has become the tide of international financial industry.With the reformation and opening,financial industry has developed rapidly in China.There has been divergence of financial industry in China.Since the 21st century there has been budding convergence of financial industry in China,but industrial convergence has not become dominant.The article firstly analyzes the industrial convergence of international financial industry and effects of it,explores the convergence of financial industry in China.Then,it points out the hindrances to the convergence,and brings forward some measures.


One plant that is believed to have anti-diabetic effects is grapes (Vitis vinifera), which contains polyphenol compounds. The antioxidant and anti-postprandial hyperglycemics of grape extract show potential in treating diabetes. This study is an experimental study that aims to explore grape extract extracts as antioxidants through testing (DPPH, ABTS, LC-MS/MS). Based on the test results, grape extract contains very high phytochemicals, including terpenoids and alkaloids, and antioxidant test results found DPPH with an average IC50 value of 21.49 g / mL and at the lowest concentration (6.25 g / mL). The GFE also showed the highest antioxidant activity against ABTS trapping with an average IC50 value of 74.07 g/mL and LC-MS/MS results obtained grape extract samples containing 0.00001% chlorogenic acid and querce-tin compounds of 0.00012%.


DOI:10.1097/MED.0000000000000035 Gastrointestinal peptides interact with their target cells through binding to specific cell surface receptors or ion channels thereby exerting biological effects that regulate a broad range of digestive functions, including hormone release, acid and enzyme secretion, gut motility, satiety and appetite behaviour and energy homeostasis [1,2]. These peptides are synthesized in and secreted from enteroendocrine cells found scattered throughout the gastrointestinal tract. They respond to a variety of stimuli, including various constituents of the luminal gastrointestinal tract, and communicate to their target cells via paracrine, endocrine, neurocrine and autocrine routes [2,3]. In this issue, we provide an important clinical update on the possible link of the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) with various reported long-term sideeffects. This is relevant in daily medical practice because hypochlorhydria due to ineffective or pharmacologically inhibited acid secretion occurs frequently. Owing to widespread use and frequent overutilization of PPI therapy, the main clinical concerns refer to a possible association with an increased risk of impaired bone health and the potential acquisition of certain enteric infections albeit causal relationships still remain elusive [4–12]. The biological heterogeneity of the scattered enteroendocrine cell system along the tubular intestinal tract is also reflected in the varied biology of malignancies derived from this system, the gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NET) [13]. This update on recent investigation of their genetic abnormalities and molecular pathology discusses putative new targets for specific pharmacological treatment options and novel bloodbased diagnostic testing [14]. These advances might be critical for the development of biologically more relevant criteria categorizing patients with NETs for randomized clinical trials. In previous clinical trials patients with NETs of considerable biological heterogeneity were combined and results may therefore not truly reflect outcomes for specific, biologically more homogenous GI-NETs. Another new line of research has naturally engulfed the field of gastroenterology, namely,


I read with interest the article entitled 'Norsolorinic acid inhibits proliferation of T24 human bladder cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and inducing a FAS/membranebound FAS ligand-mediated apoptotic pathway' published in the journal in 2008. This article is quite interesting and the authors should be complimented for the significant amount of work they have done. The purpose of this letter is to call attention to the need for some clarification on the toxicity of norsolorinic acid. I have reviewed the pharmacotoxicological properties of natural products over the past 15 years and norsolorinic acid is, indeed, a well-known cytotoxic anthraquinone produced by member of the genus Aspergillus. Anthraquinones have the interesting ability to damage DNA by blocking the topoisomerase II–DNA complex. Indeed, one ought to know that topoisomerase inhibitors have the tendency to be toxic and carcinogenic. In fact Burge classifies norsolorinic acid from the spores of Aspergillus parasiticus as a 'toxin' and Bräse et al. describe norsolorinic acid as a 'mycotoxin' with 'questionable status'. Therefore, the statement implying that norsolorinic acid 'may be a promising chemopreventive agent for the treatment of bladder cancer' is quite inappropriate. Such a statement should really be made after provisions of pharmacotoxicological, anatomopathological and epidemiological evidence. REFERENCES


Objective: To find appropriate animal model for the investigation of mechanism of the formation of common tongue coatings in vitro.Methods: Dispase Ⅱ and trypsin were combined to digest the lingual dorsum epidermis and the epithelia were obtained from healthy rats,mice and rabbits with normal epithelium adjacent to lingual squamous cell carcinoma as control.Flow cytometric analysis was used to analyze apoptosis and cell cycle changes after the cultures were incubated in RPMI-1640 by period of time.Results: The apoptosis of the epithelia from rats was similar to that of human,but the cell cycle changes were different.Cell cycle changes of rat and mice was similar.Apoptosis and cell cycle changes of the epithelia from rabbits were distinct from of from human,rat and mice.Conclusion: Rat could be the model animal to investigate the apoptosis of tongue coatings.


Over the last 30 years, the conflict that has overtaken Northern Ireland has often
seemed like it would never cease. People living in the region have routinely
despaired at the prospects of a lasting peace. Academics and other political
commentators have been conspicuous among the despondent. In the last decade,
however, the perennial political gloom that shrouds Northern Ireland has
apparently begun to lift. The political events the region has lately experienced
suggests that Unionists and Nationalists may have begun resolving their substantial
differences through means other than violence.


Jin-Hee Wi, Kyoung-Soon Shin, and Ho-Young Soh (2011) The similis-subgroup within Triconia (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Oncaeidae) from Korean waters (East China Sea), including a new species. Zoological Studies 50(5): 588-604. Two small oncaeid copepods were collected in June 2009 using a conical net of a fine mesh size (100 μm) from off the southern coast of Cheju I., Korea (Northwest Pacific) which is affected by the Tsushima Warm Current. One species is newly recorded from Korean waters, and the other is new to science. The new species, Triconia denticula sp. nov., differs from already described similis-subgroup species by a "bulging" lateral margin at the midlevel of the female genital double-somite covered by minute scales on the middorsal and lateral surfaces; the anal somite of the species is ornamented with small scales on the dorsal and ventral surfaces; and the exopodal outer seta of P5 is very long and plumose, which is longer than those of other species of the similis-subgroup. Males of this species were not found so far. Triconia umerus (Bottger-Schnack and Boxshall) which is newly recorded from Korean waters is redescribed with a comparison of its morphological details and differences from published studies. In addition, the zoogeography of the similis-subgroup described from the Northwest Pacific is summarized. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/50.5/588.pdf


In the present paper, density functional theory calculations have been implemented by using Dmol3 to study the electronic band structures of β-graphyne nanotubes (βGyNTs) and γ-graphyne nanotubes (γGyNTs). Our results found different GyNTs show diverse electronic band structures. All βGyNTs have quite small band gaps without any correlation with tube size. Meanwhile, γGyNTs, no matter zigzag or armchair, exhibit semiconductor characteristics with oscillatory band gap ranging from 0.48 eV to 1.20 eV. Furthermore, based on the variation of band gap, both zigzag and armchair γGyNTs can be divided into two subgroups: 2m and 2m + 1 where n is a positive integer, following the order of 2m + 1 > 2m.


Many clinical investigations of microwave breast imaging systems are ongoing. However, few studies have investigated the optimal antenna design to maximise imaging performance. In this paper, the impact of the radial behaviour of the antenna on coverage area is investigated. A simplified antenna model in a homogeneous medium is used to estimate the power density and hence the coverage within the antenna array. Results from different antenna array configurations are compared, showing coverage can vary depending on the number of antennas used for multistatic imaging. The analysis is repeated for a lossy medium and highlights that losses increase the coverage estimation, although higher power and better signal-to-noise ratio would be required.In summary, this paper shows that the antenna radial behaviour can influence the coverage. In summary, this paper identifies preliminary limits on antenna design parameters to maximise coverage.


Object of this study is to establish an animal model based on Balb/c mice,sensitization to shrimp major allergen tropomyosin(Tm),and to assess the efficacy of desensitized treatment to Tm.Ovalbumin(OVA),Tm,ficin enzymolyed Tm(Tm-E),and a negative control of PBS were respectively applied as immunogens.Then Balb/c mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injection of emulsions prepared by mixing these immunogens respectively with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant(v/v,3∶1),and the injection was repeated once every other week.Blood samples were collected at the fourth day after every exposure,and specific IgE and IgG antibodies in antiserum were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The results showed that OVA and Tm immunogens induced vigorous IgE and IgG antibody responses at the 38th day.In contrast,PBS failed to induce vigorous IgE and IgG production,with no detectable IgE and IgG.The specific IgE of Tm-E group was gradually increased at the 24th and 38th day,however,compared with the Tm group,it was decreased by 77.83% and 64.06%(P 0.01),respectively.In conclusion,one approach of sensitization animal model for shrimp allergen tropomyosin has been established successfully.Furthermore,it is obviouse that allergenicity of Tm could be reduced by ficin(enzyme activity/ substrate at 13.6 U/g,enzymolysis in 35 ℃,10 min).


Background: In dermatology, the term sine is often used in regard to any sign, symptom or finding whose absence would very likely mean uncommon variant of the target disease or condition. Sine phenomenon can be seen in different dermatological diseases such as scleroderma, polymorphic light eruption, dermatomyositis, pellagra, zona, psoriasis, necrobiosis lipoidica, lupus erythematosus, seborrheic keratosis, eccrine hidradenitis and acne fulminans.


The results of 1075 fibreoptic gastroscopies performed in the Northwest Province of Cameroon are presented. Three hundred and fifty-three examinations showed pyloroduodenal ulcer disease, 111 showed macroscopic gastritis, and 37 had gastric carcinoma. Sixteen other diagnoses were made, with a positive finding in 620 cases. The benefits of the 'high-technology' gastroscope in a low technology setting are discussed. Included are examinations of a series of 46 patients with haematemesis and/or melaena, and 43 who had previous gastric surgery.


A teacher training course must serve as a model of turning theory into practice--a student-centered, collaborative effort involving active learners taking charge of their own learning--and that includes the teacher as well as the students. Only by active reading, writing, listening, and talking about these ideas--as opposed to merely being told to do them in their own classrooms--can teachers in training make them their own. Without such ownership, it cannot be expected that anyone will create an interactive, transactional classroom. Two students responded to this teaching with "does this stuff really work?" and "yeahbut." Four years later, when one student was asked if she had found that "this stuff really does work," she confirmed that it did. A second student wrote a comprehensive course plan, clearly containing global revisions of past practice and including the new philosophical approach to teaching, and later reported twice on the success of her new approach to teaching. The attempt to discover whether voices of cognitive dissonance within classrooms abet rather than sabotage what theory and research tell about how people learn showed an educator that: collaborative, transactional learning practices elicit a fuller range of voices; these diverse voices lead to negotiation of socially constructed interpretations of texts, theory, and practice; such negotiations promote a sense of engagement with and ownership of texts, theory, and practice; and informed practices amplify all classroom voices. (CR) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** COGNITIVE DISSONANCE IN THE ENGLISH EDUCATION CLASSROOM Diana Y. Dreyer When my brother Mike and I were kids, we were pros at countering parental dictates or opinions with "yeahbuts." Mom or Dad would lay forth some logical claim or explanation as to why we should or shouldn't do something, and we'd respond with a "Yeah, but all the other kids are going," or "Yeah, but you let Mike bike past 10314 Street," or "Yeah, but I can finish my homework after I listen to The Green Hornet." We must've driven our long-suffering folks crazy sometimes with the "yeahbut" tactic, a realization that finally hit home once I had children of my own who practiced their own versions of the "yeahbut" theme. I really don't recall my parents' ever resorting to "Because I told you so; that's why," though I confess to turning to that exasperated response on occasion myself as a mom. It's one thing, of course, for a parent to pull such a power play occasionally. It's quite another for a classroom teacher to turn to such a tactic, especially, perhaps, in a teacher education course designed to promote the notions that learning is transactional and that knowledge is socially constructed. Such stances mean little if teachers merely tell their teachers in training that's how we come to learn and know. Rather the teachertraining course itself must serve as a model of turning theory into practicea studentcentered, collaborative effort involving active learners taking charge of their own learningand that includes the teacher as well as the students. Only by active reading, \-1) writing, listening, and talking about these ideasas opposed to merely being told to do them in their own classroomscan teachers in training make them their own. Without such ownership, we can't expect anyone to create an interactive, transactional classroom. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Off ce of Educational Research and Improvement EDIICATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION Ele.(1his docum_ tNhTaEsRbeEr:19e) a produced as received from the person or organization originating it. O _1_4) Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. 2 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) That said, I want to tell you about two former students to whom I desperately wanted to retort, "Because I told you so," on more than one occasion throughout two different semesters studded with more "yeahbuts" than I care to think about. I expect some of these contradictions, of course, all too acutely aware of my own skepticism throughout my own paradigm-shifting struggles. These two, however, remained more obviously doubting Thomasinas than most of my other students, andfurthermore made no attempts to pose their nagging questions in teacher-pleasing ways. Kim took up residence in an undergraduate, upper-division course I regularly teach, Practicum: The Teaching of Writing, in January of 1992. Throughout that semester she dutifully and generally actively participated in class and faithfully maintained her learning log reflecting on course activities, readings, and projects. Just as faithfully, she peppered that log with plaintive "yeahbuts," generally followed with the question, "Does this stuff really work?" Unfortunately, she's not the packrat that I am and can't retrieve those entries. I, on the other hand, readily located her theoretically anonymous midterm reactionnaire, a survey I regularly distribute to all my classes, requesting if possible that responders alter their handwriting to ensure both anonymity and honesty. On that document, Kim described herself as quite active, participating frequently in class. She wrote the following reaction to the class thus far: I've found this class has been a challenging one. Every class meeting my wrought-in-stone ideas are challenged and I must take a good look at my teaching/writing philosophies and possibly change them. I needed to have some concrete instruction in the teaching of writing, rather than theory that I can't apply. This class has [provided] that.


Electric bike (E-Bike) is a bicycle driven using an electric motor and uses batteries as the energy source. It is environmentally friendly as no exhaust gas is resulted during its operation. More than one battery is normally required, being arranged in series or in parallel connection. Over limit or overloaded conditions of battery usage will reduce the lifecycle of battery, speed up its replacement and add to the maintenance cost of electric bike. This paper proposes the prevention of such degrading condition using a tool to manage the battery usage both during the charging and discharging process. The proposed electronic Battery Management System (BMS) serves to regulate, monitor, and maintain the condition of batteries to prevent any possible damage. The resulted BMS design could provide a well balancing action in a battery system consisting of 13 cells utilizing the cell-to-cell active balancing method. The test results showed that the proposed BMS could monitor the individual cell voltage with an average error of 0.032 V (0.824%), while reading the charge and discharge current with an average error of 0.04 A (6.25%), and the battery pack temperature with an average error of 1.21oC (2.9%). Additionally, the BMS could offer a functional battery pack protection system from conditions such as undervoltage, overvoltage, overheat, and overcurrent.


We have demonstrated Ethernet transmission over MAN, and WAN length scales, and further demonstrated multiplexed transport of 128 wavelengths simultaneously.


This study documents how a Portuguese-Azorean-American community uses folklore and folk material culture to define its identity to the larger non-Portuguese community, using as a vehicle a celebration of the Feast of the Holy Ghost. Members of the Portuguese Holy Ghost Society in Stonington, Connecticut, agree on the importance of maintaining a Portuguese identity in the village that most of them consider their home, despite high real estate values that have caused most Portuguese families to move outside the village.

Men and women in the Society differ on aspects of traditional performance. Among the women who prepare the Feast meal, adherence to traditional practice, as they remember it, is the heart of the Feast; change is seen as loss. For the men whose activities finance the celebration, traditional practice can be adapted to merchandise the celebration to an ever-growing non-Portuguese audience.

A survey of the literature on the construction and maintenance of ethnic identity in the United States, revealed that many scholars defined ethnic groups and ethnic identities through observation of public behavior. However, in conservative societies like the Portuguese, where women's activities are often restricted by a male-derived code of behavior, public female performance is rare. In other words, while women are important participants in the ritual, their activities take place "backstage" in an area not open to public view. Portuguese women accept the definition of their role and their sphere by men, and especially by the Holy Ghost who is understood to be male and Azorean in attitude.

In Stonington, although many women who participate in the Feast are more acculturated than in larger Azorean-American communities, there is still a division between their "backstage" sphere and the men's more public arena. Separation of these spheres is reinforced by deference to the expectations of the Holy Ghost and by cultural values that are represented. The women thus provide a continuity of tradition that is often belied by the variations and improvisations of traditional performance that is observable among the men of the Society.


The harm of waste lubricating oil and significance of reclamation of used lubricating oil are presented,including the latest progress and regeneration technology of used lubricating oil at home and abroad.


In this paper, an overview of ATC radar has been provided. ATC radar is the tool used by ATC to control airspace and provide safe and efficient air travel. Currently, there are two classes of ATC radar: ASRs and ARSRs. The S-band ASRs and L-band ARSRs are optimized to perform real-time monitoring of airspace in the terminal and en route environment, respectively. ATC radar employs both PSR (skin track) and SSR (aircraft transponder). A general discussion of PSR and SSR for these radar classes was provided. Weather detection design issues for ATC radar were also discussed. Finally, a look into the future of ATC radar was provided.


Heat exchangers of various types (gas-gas, gas-liquid, liquid-liquid) are widely used in power plants of thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. Like any technical system, the heat exchange apparatus is estimated by the main quality indicator-energy efficiency. At present, most of the studies devoted to this issue are related to the determination of the intensification of the heat transfer process and the determination of the energy efficiency of convective heating surfaces. At the same time, both at the design stage, and especially for the functioning heat exchanger, it is required to determine its energy efficiency (further energy efficiency), which usually decreases with time. It is necessary to distinguish between the energy efficiency of the heat exchanger as a whole, in which the heat transfer occurs in the case of two-sided flow around the heat exchange surface and the energy efficiency of the surface on each side. (In the case of a heat exchanger with one-sided flow around the heat transfer surface, these concepts are often assumed to be identical, which is far from always correct). At the same time, after increasing the energy efficiency of the heat exchanger, due to the justified introduction of design changes, it is necessary to carry out a technical and economic calculation showing the means and time spent on the modernization of the apparatus. In the present paper, the existing design methods for increasing energy efficiency in low-pressure heaters of the PN-1100-25-6-1 type are considered and one of the promising ones is selected. The technical and economic calculation of this heater has been completed


: This article emphasizes the importance of the social protection system in achieving sustainable development goals and reveals the system of protection of persons with disabilities, which is one of the important areas of social protection


In the networked control systems (NCSs), the network-induced delay is the main problem which can degrade the performance of the control system and even destabilize the system. In this paper, we discuss a class of linear continuous systems with parameter uncertainties and present the sufficient condition to stabilize the NCSs. The result is demonstrated by an illustrative example.


: The present work focuses on the semantic integration, enrichment and interlinking of data that is semi-automatically generated by documenting artworks and their creators. In this work, we have been experimenting with RDFization and links discovery tools, W3C standards and widely accepted vocabularies. This work has been already evaluated with museum data, emphasising the discovery of links between disparate data sets and external data sources at the back-end of the proposed approach. In this paper, while contributing a number of other new and extended features at the back-end of this approach, we emphasise links discovery at the front-end in order to interlink and enrich cultural data with LOD at application run-time and facilitate the real-time and up-to-date exploitation of semantically integrated and LOD-enriched data. This is achieved by implementing a custom links discovery method and evaluating it within a web application using LOD cloud data sources such as DBpedia and Europeana. this paper be made follows: P.


Communication skills are a fundamental personal competency for a successful career in accounting. What is not so obvious is the specific written communication skill set employers look for and the extent those skills are computer mediated. Using survey research, this article explores the particular skills employers desire and their satisfaction level with new hires. Results indicate that basic writing mechanics are the skills in highest demand, followed by effective documentation. Except for email proficiency, employers do not consider computer-mediated communication competencies as important as traditional business communication skills. The article concludes with curricular implications for accounting communication.


Disclosed is a method of purifying a solution containing hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and at least one silicon impurity by treating the solution with at least one reverse osmosis membrane. According to the method of the present invention, silicon impurities contained in the solution containing hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid can be selectively removed or reduced. This method can be advantageously used in the photovoltaic industry or in the battery component industry.


We propose a structure that can be used for enhanced single molecule detection using surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE). In the proposed structure, instead of a single metal layer on the glass prism of a typical SPCE structure for fluorescence microscopy, a metal-dielectric-metal structure is used. We theoretically show that the proposed structure significantly decreases the excitation volume of the fluorescently labeled sample, and simultaneously increases the peak SPCE intensity and SPCE power. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of an SPCE based fluorescence microscopy system can be significantly increased using the proposed structure, which will be helpful for enhanced single molecule detection, especially, in a less pure biological sample.


To present the main influence of anomalous diffusion on the energetic particle propagation, the fractional derivative model of transport is developed by deriving the fractional modified Telegraph and Rayleigh equations. Analytical solutions of the fractional modified Telegraph and the fractional Rayleigh equations, which are defined in terms of Caputo fractional derivatives, are obtained by using the Laplace transform and the Mittag-Leffler function method. The solutions of these fractional equations are given in terms of special functions like Fox's H, Mittag-Leffler, Hermite and Hyper-geometric functions. The predicted travelling pulse solutions are discussed in each case for different values of fractional order.


Measuring of performance for lecturers' has become a popular event not only in the Botswana academic environment but in many parts of the world (16). Being charged with responsibilities as an AAT Team Leader the researcher was interested in getting feedbacks for faculty members in his department. This study focused on the relationship between classroom audits, student feedbacks and students' throughput. This study used a mixed method for data collection. This research positions itself into two paradigms between the adherents' quantitative approach 'QUAN' and qualitative approach 'QUAL'. The population for lecturers who were teaching AAT at Botho University during the time of the research was 23. A quantitative content analysis was followed with a focus group. The researcher used a convenient sampling to select 12 lecturers to participate in the focus group. Face-to- face interviews were conducted on 6 lecturers who were conveniently selected from the 12 participants who were part of the focus group. There were comparisons between quantitative content analysis, focus group and face- to- face interviews in order to determine the truth from the participants. The results of this study revealed that there was no relationship between the classroom audits, student feedback and students throughput. Additional instruments methods were recommended to evaluate lecturers' performance. The findings from this research may assist Botho University and other universities world-wide.


A 21yearold white man presented with a 3day history of central blurry vision in his right eye in the context of 3 weeks of right frontotemporal headaches and earaches, fevers, and drenching night sweats. No murmurs or neurological deficits were found. He had no relevant medical or valvular disease history, apart from a dental extraction of his right upper molar 7 weeks prior. He had received two courses of oral antibiotics with minimal improvement (clarithromycin for 7 days, and phenoxymethylpenicillin plus metronidazole for the 3 days before presentation). Visual acuity was hand movements in the right eye and 6/5 in the left eye. There was a right relative afferent pupillary defect. The right eye demonstrated anterior chamber cells and a mild vitritis. Fundoscopy of the right eye revealed a striking area of yellow chorioretinal inflammation at the fovea with retinal haemorrhage, disc swelling, arteriovenous nipping along the superior arcade, tortuous dilated vessels, and cotton wool spots superior to the disc (Box 1). The left eye exhibited mild vitritis and a raised disc without any focal chorioretinal lesions. Optical coherence tomography of the right foveal lesion demonstrated full thickness necrosis of the retina (Box 2).


We demonstrate that non-diffusive, fluid-like heat transport, such as heat backflowing from cooler to warmer regions, can be induced, controlled, and amplified in extreme thermal conductors such as graphite and hexagonal boron nitride. We employ the viscous heat equations, i.e. the thermal counterpart of the Navier-Stokes equations in the laminar regime, to show with first-principles quantitative accuracy that a finite thermal viscosity yields steady-state heat vortices, and governs the magnitude of transient temperature waves. Finally, we devise strategies that exploit devices' boundaries and resonance to amplify and control heat hydrodynamics, paving the way for novel experiments and applications in next-generation electronic and phononic technologies.


Objective  To develop and assess the feasibility and psychometric properties of multi‐source feedback questionnaires to monitor international medical graduates practising in Canada under 'defined' licences.


In the family Salmonidae, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are considered the least tolerant of salt water. There are, however, sporadic reports of lake trout in coastal, brackish habitats in the Canadian Arctic. Otolith microchem- istry analyses conducted on lake trout and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from four Arctic lakes in the West Kitikmeot region of Nunavut, Canada, revealed that 37 of 135 (27%) lake trout made annual marine migrations. Anadromous lake trout were in significantly better condition (K = 1.17) and had significantly higher C:N ratios (3.71) than resident lake trout (K = 1.05 and C:N = 3.34). Anadromous lake trout also had significantly higher d 15 N (mean = 16.4%), d 13 C (mean = -22.3%), and d 34 S (mean = 13.43%) isotope ratios than resident lake trout (means = 12.84%, -26.21%, and 1.93% for d 15 N, d 13 C, and d 34 S, respectively); results were similar for Arctic char and agree with results from previous studies. Mean age of first migration for lake trout was 13 years, which was significantly older than that for Arctic char (5 years). This could be a reflection of size-dependent salinity tolerance in lake trout, but further research is required. These are the first detailed scientific data documenting anadromy in lake trout. Resume´ : Dans la famille des Salmonidae, ce sont les touladis (Salvelinus namaycush) qui sont consideres les moins tole ´- rants al'eau salee. On signale neanmoins de temps aautre la presence de touladis dans les habitats cotiers et saumatres de l'Arctique canadien. Des analyses microchimiques des otolithes faites sur des touladis et des ombles chevaliers (Salvelinus alpinus) de quatre lacs arctiques dans la region du Kitikmeot occidental au Nunavut, Canada, montrent que 37 de 135 (27 %) touladis avaient fait des migrations annuelles en mer. Les touladis anadromes sont en significativement meilleure condition (K = 1,17) et possedent un rapport C:N (3,71) relativement plus eleveque les touladis residants (K = 1,05 et C:N = 3,34). Les touladis anadromes ont aussi des rapports d'isotopes d 15 N (moyenne = 16,4 %), d 13 C (moyenne = -22,3 %) et d 34 S (moyenne = 13,43 %) plus eleves que ceux des touladis residants (moyennes de 12,84 %, -26,21 % et 1,93 % pour respectivement d 15 N, d 13 Ce td 34 S); les resultats sont semblables chez les ombles chevaliers et concor- dent avec ceux des etudes anterieures. L'age moyen de la premiere migration chez le touladi est de 13 ans, ce qui est significativement plus tard que chez l'omble chevalier (5 ans). Cela pourrait refleter une tolerance a la salinitere- lieeala taille chez le touladi, mais il faut des recherches supplementaires sur le sujet. Nos resultats representent les premieres donnees scientifiques detaillees sur l'anadromie chez le touladi. (Traduit par la Redaction)


To recover the IC engine exhaust gas energy,a bottom cycle system based on the regenerated Brayton air cycle was proposed.Heat transfer and thermodynamic processes of bottom cycle were calculated at different air pressures,air mass flow rates,ambient temperatures and exhaust gas temperatures by numerical method.The effects of bottom cycle parameter,exhaust parameter and ambient temperature on exhaust energy recovery efficiency were analyzed.Results show that part of turbine exhaust energy is recovered by the regenerator,but the heat transfer amount of heat exchanger is changed.With the increase of working medium flow rate,heat transfer amount of regenerator first increases and then decreases.Heat transfer amount of heat exchanger is increased.Exhaust energy recovery efficiency first increases and then decreases.With the increase of cycle pressure,heat transfer amount of regenerator is decreased.Heat transfer amount of heat exchanger increases in the low and medium flow rate range.Exhaust energy recovery efficiency first increases and then decreases.Higher exhaust temperature and lower ambient temperature give higher exhaust energy recovery efficiency.At the exhaust temperature of 755,℃ and ambient temperature of 10,℃,the maximum energy recovery efficiency is 7.2%,which is higher than that of the standard Brayton air cycle.


Abstract
1 The use of benzodiazepines in the treatment of depression, borderline states, and schizophrenia is reviewed.

2 The evidence indicates that any effect the benzodiazepines have in depressed, borderline, or schizophrenic patients is anxiolytic and not specific to the disease state.

3 A strategy is presented for determining the therapeutic range of the benzodiazepines in each specific disorder.


The Overseas Development Institute is the UK's leading independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. ODI Background Notes provide a summary or snapshot of an issue or of an area of ODI work in progress. This and other ODI Background Notes are available from www.odi.org.uk There is growing recognition that experiences of poverty and vulnerability are multi-dimensional and vary widely. Of the five poverty traps identified by the 2008-9 Chronic Poverty Report, four were non-income measures: insecurity (ranging from insecure environments to conflict and violence), limited citizenship (a lack of a meaning political voice), spatial disadvantage (exclusion from politics, markets, resources etc. due to geographical remoteness), and social discrimination (which traps people in exploitative relationships of power and patronage) (CPRC, 2008). Experiences of these poverty traps vary depending on gender, age, ethnicity, caste, religion and urban or rural location, affecting not only the extent and type of poverty experienced, but also often shaping the very cause of poverty. Indeed, it is well understood that the status of households is not static, but changes over time depending on both endogenous (e.g. life-cycle of the household) and exogenous (e.g. economic or health shocks) influences. Poverty can therefore be transient or chronic, depending on the duration of poverty periods over time. The transient poor are households that are not poor in good years, but occasionally experience poverty. Households that are chronically poor are those that experience poverty in every period and suffer from a more severe level of poverty with limited or no opportunities for escape (Grosh et al., 2008). Recognising differential experiences of poverty and vulnerability is therefore vital for programmes supporting trajectories out of poverty. In recent years, many countries have adopted social protection as an important strategy to address chronic poverty and reduce risk and vulnerability amongst poor households. Appropriate social protection instruments may need to be tailored according to the different needs of the transient and chronic poor, and to meet the specific needs of certain categorical groups, such as Putting the social back into social protection


Purpose
An alcohol prevention programme, consisting of the implementation of an organisational alcohol policy and skills development training for managers, was delivered in Swedish workplaces. Previous findings revealed challenges in policy implementation because of the lack of dissemination amongst managers. This study aims to describe perceived dissemination barriers of the organisational alcohol policy by managers.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey (n = 193 managers) was performed to identify common dissemination barriers in the workplace and complementary case illustrations derived from semi-structured interviews (n = 18 managers) were used to understand the dissemination barriers of the organisational alcohol policy. Frequency distributions were presented to describe common perceived barriers.

Findings
Sixty-five per cent of managers reported that their workplace had not changed their approach to addressing alcohol-related issues compared to their usual practice before programme delivery. Various organisational factors, such as deprioritisation of programme dissemination, lack of communication and inadequate strategies were some of the common barriers perceived by managers. Moreover, managers reported uncertainties regarding any changes concerning the workplace's approach for addressing alcohol-related issues. Increased efforts in disseminating the organisational alcohol policy can reduce uncertainties among managers.

Practical implications
A thorough process evaluation to understand processes in programme delivery and implementation is necessary to ensure the uptake of the intervention.

Originality/value
This study highlighted the complexity of disseminating an alcohol policy in a dynamic setting, such as the workplace, and provided the importance of addressing organisational obstacles.


The development of economy and the prosperity of culture and art complement each other.The healthy and sustainable development in economy depends on cultural and ethical progress,on the accomplishment of people, morality,culture and art.As the source of the Chinese culture,folk art carries the local culture to the future. Protecting folk art means protecting the bridge which enables the national culture to continue. The protection of brilliant folk art is not merely a problem of culture,but a problem of economy,moreover,a problem of politics.During this course local economy can be accordingly promoted.


Amicus briefs can affect the perspective from which an appellate court views a case by showing how the decision is important to others not party to the case, by providing additional information and expertise that parties may not have, and by developing legal arguments that parties sometimes cannot. Whereas most studies of amicus curiae briefs focus on the influence of these third-party briefs on decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court, this article considers amicus curiae briefs in state appellate courts. Considering amicus briefs from this perspective promises to benefit both courts, because they can encourage the type of amicus briefs they find most helpful, and the organizations that file them, because they will have better information on what appellate courts look for in amicus briefs. How useful are amicus briefs to state courts of last resort? Most respondents, chief justices and appellate court clerks from the courts of last resort in thirty-nine states, viewed amicus briefs as a benefit but think they could be made more useful by being consolidated with other briefs where possible and by focusing on providing new information and implications of decisions not provided by the parties.


An examination of the decorative elements on the structure of the Anglo-Saxon chapel of St Laurence at Bradford on Avon, Wilts., has suggested that the total decorative scheme, comprising different elements, was abandoned before completion. This hypothesis arises from an examination of the carved moulding on some of the internal and external pilasters, the external blind arcading, and the 'unfinished' rood on the eastern wall of the nave. A historical context for this is suggested in the abandonment of the nearly completed building on the death of King Æthelred, the sponsor of the construction of the chapel as a cult centre for Edward the Martyr from AD 1001. While his successor King Cnut would probably have been supportive of the continuation of the cult at Shaftesbury, the chapel was arguably soon abandoned because the underlying religious and political rationale for its construction no longer obtained in the circumstances of the new king's regime.


We analyze the surface structure of the planet host star CoRoT-2a using a consistent model for both the "global" (i.e., rotationally modulated) lightcurve and the transit lightcurves, using data provided by the CoRoT mission. After selecting a time interval covering two stellar rotations and six transits of the planetary companion CoRoT-2b, we have adopted a "strip" model of the surface to reproduce the photometric modulation inside and outside the transits simultaneously. Our reconstructions show that it is possible to achieve appropriate fits for the entire subinterval using a low-resolution surface model with 36 strips. The surface reconstructions indicate that the brightness on the eclipsed section of the stellar surface is (6 ± 1)% lower than the average brightness of the remaining surface. This result suggests a concentration of stellar activity in a band around the stellar equator similar to the behavior observed on the Sun.


This paper presents preliminary results of Auger electron spectroscopy performed on fractured specimens of copper and tin bronzes at the time of in situ hot tensile tests. They show interfacial segregation of Sn, P and S, according to the materials and the test temperature. In comparing these results and the mechanical behaviour of the materials, we discuss the effect of the interfacial segregations on the drop in ductility at intermediate temperatures and on its restoration by dynamic recrystallisation.


AIM:To evaluate the effects of different ac id etching time on dentin surface tissue after prepared with air abrasion.METHODS:The tooth with caries was prepared with air abrasion, then the dentin surface was etched in different times. Changes of dentin surface tissue were observed by SEM.RESULTS:After 30 s of acid etching, denti n surface tissue appeared coralloid connection.A plenty of dentin tubules opened ,without thrombus in them.CONCLUSION:Acid etching 30 s is an a ppropriate time for dentin after prepared with air abrasion.


Methods are presented for calibrating a peak current gage. A statistical treatment of a large number of calibration points for a single gage leads to an estimate of the accuracy of the gage. Comparisons are made between the calibration curve developed for a single gage and the response of several similar gages. The results indicate the reliability of the use of one calibration curve for all gages of a particular type. (auth)


Grassland farmers face many challenges in pasture management including improving sustainability, reducing inputs of fertilizers and pesticides, and protecting soil resources. In this paper we provide our perspective on managing plant diversity within and among pastures as one tool to aid producers in meeting these challenges. Pasture ecosystems can be highly diverse, with a complex array of organisms contributing to ecosystem functioning. Within the broad range of plant and animal biodiversity in pastures, plant species diversity may be the most amenable to manipulation or management. Reported benefits of plant diversity in grasslands include: increased forage production, greater ecosystem stability in response to disturbance, and reduced invasion by exotic species such as weeds. Some view diversity as a sort of insurance policy where different species contribute in their own time or can take the place of species that fail from stress or mismanagement. Using mixtures of several forages in pastures, in som...


Fusura civica , new genus and species, is of unusual interest because it is associated with the guano of Steatonis caripensis , a bird implicated in the epidemiology of histoplasmosis.


Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Interviewee Quote References. PART I: WANTING TO FLY. 1. The Space Race. 2. Of Straw and Sponges. 3. Gravity. 4. Reviewing The Fleet. 5. Life Below Decks. PART II: LEARNING TO FLY. 6. A Slow Wind on the Water. 7. The Soul Meter. PART III: CUTTING THROUGH THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE. 8. The Dark Days of Data. 9. Antarctica. 10. The Twin Achilles' Heels. PART IV: WEIGHTLESSNESS. 11. 2020 Vision. 12. Beyond 2020: The ROI Of Snow. Last words. Profiles of Interviewees. References. Index.


A little known crangonid, Metacrangon laevis (Yokoya, 1933), is redescribed and illustrated in detail on the basis of specimens recently collected from Hokkaido, Japan. It is distinguishable from close relatives by the absence of paired dorsal carinae on the sixth abdominal somite. Brief notes on the biology are also included.


Let me first thank my colleagues at Texas A&M who nominated me for the Lifetime Achievement Award. I was humbled by the nomination, and very surprised when notified that I had been selected. I also want to thank the Southern Agricultural and Economics Association for bestowing this honor on me. I am truly grateful and humbled by this award. Upon reflection, several things emerged as key forces that shaped most of what I have been able to do. First, much of what I have accomplished in agricultural economics and in life, for that matter, has been along a circuitous route that may be confusing to the casual observer. Second, we can accomplish much more by working together in teams or highly focused task forces than by working alone or in isolated groups. Finally, ensuring that all involved get due credit for their efforts results in a long-lasting relationship that will bear fruit well beyond our expectations. My road to the profession was very indirect, almost accidental some might say. As a farm boy with a degree in agronomy, and figuring I had learned all that Texas A&M could possibly offer, along with no desire to enter the field of agricultural chemical sales, I entered the U.S. Army as an infantry officer in 1971. During my nearly six years of active military service, I realized that perhaps I had not learned everything, but I wanted to specialize in a field of study that was practical, dealt with agriculture, and taught people how to make money. I had taken only one course in agricultural economics, but did not let that minor detail deter my ambitions. Thanks to the mentoring of Carl Shafer, Bob Branson, Mike Cook, and Tom Sporleder, I was able to achieve my goals. Due largely to my experience in the military, international relationships, including economics and trade, had always been intriguing. So, it was a natural next step for me to develop and hone my interests on international trade extension.


&NA; Previous research has indicated that the spoken frequency of the self‐references "I," "me," and "my" in a structured interview was prospectively related to coronary heart disease (CHD). To assess whether the findings would replicate in another population, we conducted a case‐control analysis of 750 structured interviews from the Western Collaborative Group Study. To measure self‐references, auditors counted all first person pronouns (I, me, my) and clauses spoken in the audiotaped baseline structured interviews. Matched multiple logistic regression analyses, with or without adjustment for major CHD risk variables, indicated that those who incurred CHD did not self‐reference more frequently or densely than the CHD‐free control subjects. Type As spoke more clauses and more total self‐references but did not have a higher density of self‐references than Type Bs. The results question both the method for measuring self‐references and the hypothesis that self‐referencing are associated with CHD.


In this research work objectives they were: to assess the adaptability of six improved peas varieties (Pisum sativum) by means of a supporting participatory research in the Eloy Alfaro Parish (Chan and San Juan) from Latacunga in the Cotopaxi province. The specific objectives: to choose the best peas' in these villages Determine the best peas varieties for these towns. Make an economic analysis of production variety of costs and benefits of wltirate the improved peas varieties.
The studied factors were: FACTOR (A) towns (Chan and San Juan) and FACTOR (B) six improved peas (Andina, Ovo, Lojanita, Blanquita, Liliana, Esmeralda) we used varieties a Design of full Blocks by Azar (DBCA) with three repetition for the variables with statistical signification we performed the Tukey test around of 5%, was calculated the Cost Benefit Rate….


DUNLOP, D. M., and MURDOCH, J. McC. (1960), "The Dangers of Antibiotic Treatment", Brit. med. Bull., 16: 67. JOHNSON, A., ROUNTREE, P. M., SMITH, K., STANLEY, N. F., and ANDERSON, K. (1960), "A Survey of Staphylococcal Infecticns of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues in General Practice in Australia, May-December, 1955", National Health and Medical Research Council Special Report Series, No. 10, Canberra. LoWBURY, E. J. L. (1960), "Clinical Problems of DrugResistant Pathogens", Brit. med. Bull., 16: 73.


Community-led parish planning – both process and product – can play an important part in rural spatial planning, acting as a focus for community capacity-building and ultimately helping broader spatial strategies to reflect the goals and aspirations of local communities, whilst ensuring that these same strategies have a clear spatial dimension. Drawing on research that explores the nature of the spatial planning approach in England, and on a case study in the borough of Tonbridge and Malling, we consider how successfully parish plans are being aligned with broader statutory planning processes at a more strategic (district or borough-wide) level, given that they inevitably deal with very local issues and goals, and are not necessarily framed within the limits of planning intervention. In particular, and drawing on the work of other researchers in this area, we consider the extent to which parish plans should be formally integrated with spatial plans (i.e. LDF), as opposed to being put into these plans – an...


This article closely examines campaign dynamics and voter behavior in the 2016 Saskatchewan provincial election. Using a qualitative assessment of the events leading up to election day and data from an online vote compass gathered during the campaign period, it argues that the popularity of the incumbent Premier, Brad Wall, was the decisive factor explaining the Saskatchewan Party's success.


Background: Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can promote healing in acute and chronic wounds. However, dressing changes can be very painful for patients and can cause new wound trauma, especially when organs are exposed or in the presence of coagulopathy. Because most dressing materials have limited or no antimicrobial activity and the dressings might be changed at least every 2-3 days to prevent infection, further traumatizing the wound. Aim and Objectives: To address these issues and increase overall patient comfort, we combined NPWT with a soft silicone, silver-impregnated foam dressing. Materials and Methods: We treated 12 patients with acute (n = 6) and chronic (n = 6) wounds between March 30, 2011, and March 15, 2012. Patients ranged in age from 42 to 83 years. Wound sizes ranged from 54 x 20 cm2 to 5 x 3 cm^2. We used the visual analog scale to record each patient's pain score during dressing changes both before and during the use of our modified NPWT system. Results: The mean treatment time was 9.3 days (median 7 days), and the total hospital stay was between 3 and 13 weeks. Dressings were only changed every 3-5 days, and the patients' pain scores decreased in all cases. Our modified NPWT system controlled wound exudate and promoted the formation of granulation tissue, enabling us to successfully reconstruct all 12 wounds. Conclusion: Our modifications to NPWT achieved our goal of providing a more comfortable NPWT system that promoted the healing of complex wounds despite the presence of serious comorbidities, including exposed organs, coagulopathy, and impaired circulation. In this series of 12 patients, we achieved our goals. For example, vital structures such as tendons and nerves were protected, and there was less wound trauma during dressing. The adjuvant use of silver with NPWT helped reduce the bioburden of the wound and suppressed infection, resulting in fewer dressing changes and decreased wound manipulation, all of which increased patient comfort. The non-adherent, silicone layer enabled us to use the dressing even in the presence of exposed vital organs and coagulopathy, protecting the underlying organ and decreasing bleeding. The use of our modified NPWT system decreased the VAS pain scores in all patients.


Over the last few years,ozone has been considered as an effective reagent,and it is also a nochorine reagent which can induce the environmental pollution,so more and more people attach importance to it.The process of ozone bleaching in the high consistency pulp was modeled,and also explaintion and demonstration in terms of kinetics were introduced.


In Egypt, breast cancer (BC) accounted for 37.7% as reported from WHO in 2008. Mammaglobin (MAM) is BC specific marker, which is almost expressed in breast epithelial cells. It is over expressed in subset of 70–80% of primary and metastatic BC tissues and can be used for identification of BC cells in bone marrow (BM).


We studied the summer bird community in an unfragmented, late-successional, 61 ha beechmaple forest at the James H. Barrow Field Station in Portage County, Ohio. Birds were surveyed by making 30 counts along either of two trails in June and July of 1992, and recording all individuals seen or heard. During the survey period, we made 958 observations of 29 species. The five most common species, acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), wood thrush (Hylocichia mustelina), red-eyed vireo (yireo olivaceus), hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina), and northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis') accounted for over 50% of the observations made. Of the 15 Neotropical migrants found, seven have experienced population declines in the eastern United States between 1978 and 1987, and eight are considered to be area-sensitive. The beech-maple forest we surveyed is likely to be a regionally important natural area, for it provides breeding habitat for many declining and area-sensitive bird species that would not be consistently present in smaller, more disturbed forests. OHIO J. SCI. 97 (1): 14-16, 1997 INTRODUCTION In recent decades, populations of many forest birds in the eastern United States have been decreasing (Robbins, Sauer, et al. 1989; Sauer and Droege 1992). One reason for the decline may be habitat loss and fragmentation on the breeding grounds (Robinson et al. 1995). Fragmentation results in both a net loss of a given habitat and the reduction in size of those parcels of habitat that remain (Meffe and Carroll 1994, Primack 1995). Small forest patches may not meet the area requirements of forestinterior species (Galli et al. 1976, Martin 1981). In addition, small forest remnants may be more susceptible to nest predation (Wilcove 1985) and nest parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) (Brittingham and Temple 1983). We examined the bird community in an unfragmented, late-successional, 61 ha beech-maple forest to determine the extent to which the habitat was used by decreasing and/or area-sensitive forest birds. An area-sensitive species is one that has a greater probability of occurrence with increasing size of the habitat. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted at Hiram College's James H. Barrow Field Station in Portage County, Ohio. Specifically, bird counts were performed in an approximately 60 ha, late-successional beech-maple forest. Dominant tree species within the forest include Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Prunus serotina, A. rubrum, Carya cordiformis, and Fraxinus americana. Very little human disturbance occurs within the Manuscript received 12 September 1996 and in revised form 7 February 1997 (#96-23). Present Address: Department of Animal Ecology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 forest boundaries with the exception of two trails, two unmaintained roads, and a low-maintenance maple sugaring operation. There is also an underground utility corridor that bisects the area. Thirty bird counts were conducted between 23 June and 31 July 1992. Counts involved tallying the total number of birds of each species seen or heard within 35 m of the surveyor while walking along either of two trails. This distance was chosen to reduce the possibility of double counting birds during individual counts. Ten counts were conducted during each of three time periods: 6:00 AM, 1:00 PM, or 6:00 PM. Counts took approximately one hour to complete. Approximately three counts were performed each week along the 3.1 km "Ruth E. Kennedy Memorial Trail," and two counts were done each week along the 2.7 km "Cross-country Trail." Although both of the trails go through other habitat types (e.g. cropland, early successional forest, late-successional pine), birds were only counted if they were seen or heard while we were traveling through late-successional beech-maple forest. The Ruth E. Kennedy Memorial Trail courses through a 17 ha patch of continuous beech-maple forest that has never been harvested. The Cross-country Trail traverses approximately 44 ha of continuous beech-maple forest that was selectively harvested in 1926 and 1956. The 44 ha forest is adjacent to the 17 ha forest, and for data analysis were treated as a single patch of late-successional beech-maple forest. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We made 958 observations of 29 species during the 30 counts (Table 1). Of the 29 species, 15 were Neotropical migrants and 14 were year-round residents. The five most common species, in decreasing order of abundance, were red-eyed vireo, acadian flycatcher, wood thrush, northern cardinal and hooded warbler. These species accounted for over 50% of the observations made. OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE D. J. HORN AND M. BENNINGER-TRUAX 15


N-Propargylamides having pendent groups with different lengths (HC⋮CCH2NHCOR, R = (CH2)nH, n = 1−8) were polymerized in the presence of a Rh catalyst [(nbd)Rh+B-(C6H5)4; nbd = 2,5-norbornadiene] to obtain polymers with moderate molecular weight and high stereoregularity [poly(1)−poly(8)] in high yields. The conformational transition behavior of the resultant polymers was investigated by measuring UV−vis spectra in chloroform solution at different temperatures. Among the examined polymers, poly(5) and poly(6) took a stable helical conformation at relatively high temperatures, and their helical contents were the highest. Poly(2)−poly(4), which bear shorter alkyl pendent chains, did not exist in stable helical conformation owing to the lack of chain flexibility and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Poly(1) was not completely soluble in any solvents. Poly(7) and poly(8), which contain longer pendent chains, took helical conformation only at low temperatures because of the lower cis content of the polymer m...


1 SAMMANFATTNING 2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4 BACKGROUND 5 Lung cancer epidemiology 5 Risk and protective factors 6 AIM OF THE THESIS 13 MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 IARC multicenter case-control study of occupation, environment and lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe (PAPER I & IV) 14 The IARC case-control study of lung cancer nested in a cohort of European asphalt workers (PAPER II) 19 SYNERGY pooled analysis of case-control studies on the joint effects of occupational carcinogens (PAPER III) 24 Ethical approvals 26 RESULTS AND COMMENTS 27 Occupational exposure to PAH and lung cancer risk (PAPER I) 27 Lung cancer risk attributable to occupational exposures in Central & Eastern Europe (PAPER IV) 29 Lung cancer risk among European asphalt workers (PAPER II) 31 Occupational exposure to diesel motor exhaust and lung cancer risk (PAPER III) 34 DISCUSSION 37 Main results 37 Methodological considerations 39 General discussion and future research 44 CONCLUSION 45 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 46 REFERENCES 48


Nigeria has been in the throes of implementing technology law and computer crime legislation for the best part of half a decade. Within this period, there have been two Bills drafted in an attempt to bring our laws up to date and in line with our counterparts in other parts of the globe. It is to be noted however that while these attempts are an acknowledgement of the need for such legislation, the reality is that there are a number of gaps in relation to what has been proposed in these Bills and what is required for the laws to be adequate enough to tackle the growing risks, threats and vulnerabilities that can accrue to governments, organisations, and individuals when trying to legislate for computer crime. This article provides insight into current global computer crime and privacy legislations, a critique of the Draft Nigerian Bills, followed by a recommendation for review based on the implementation of a cybercrime legislation framework for Nigeria.


A continuous speech recognition unit using forward probabilities for recognizing continuous speech associated with standard patterns for given units of recognition comprises a standard template memory for storing Markov model standard templates of standard speech, which are composed of state sequences and transition probabilities between the states; an observation probability computing device for computing a forward probability for a feature vector time sequence; and a cumulative value computing device for determining a cumulative value based on the sum of previous cumulative values. The unit further comprises a matching pass memory for storing maximum values produced by the cumulative value computing means and a result processor for determining recognition results indicative of recognized words. The unit stores the transition giving the best probability in memory for each state and traces back the recognition result for the word sequence based on the transitions in memory.


For alternative tea development, 2 kg of dried stained Pyrus serotina was extracted with 70 % MeOH aqueous solution, and the extract was solvent-fractionated with EtOAc, n-BuOH and Water. Two types of bioactive compounds were separated from the EtOAc fraction, by purification with silica gel and octadecyle silica gel (ODS) column chromatography. The chemical structure of the compounds were identified as quercetin (1) and geniposide (2) by analyzing spectral data with NMR, MS and IR. For the evaluation of antioxidant activity, DPPH inhibitory efficacy test and ROS production inhibitory efficacy test were performed. First, as a result of measuring the DPPH inhibitory efficacy of two samples up to the highest concentration of 50 ppm in the DPPH inhibition efficacy test, the IC50 values of NICS-1 and NICS-2 were measured to be 25.554 ppm and 22.943 ppm, respectively. In ROS production inhibitory efficacy test, the ROS production was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in both samples, and statistically significantly inhibited ROS production compared to the UV irradiation group. According to recent reports, this study is expected to develop eco-friendly sustainable health drinks using pears and cheese and functional raw materials using pears and teeth through organic cosmetics.


This paper presents the results of the calculation of the optical characteristics of TiO2-Ag nanoshells spherical and elliptical (oblate) shapes with different geometric parameters. Dependences of the position effective extinction cross sections of such nanoshells on changing relation core-shell radii and changes of the dielectric permittivity of the environment were researched. Comparison of the value of extinction cross section titanium dioxide-silver nanoshells various shapes at the same wavelength, has been carried out.


After the discussion in the literary cycle about realism aroused by the so-called "realistic shock wave",the publication of the novel Shou Huo(To Live On) written by Yan Lianke has triggered people's interest in realistic transcendency once again.But in many cases,our discussion is in chaos,either lingering only in literary theories,or losing the premise because of the confusion of the definition of the theories.As a result,it is especially imminent and important to resurvey the realistic transcendency in the proper realm of theory,by combining with specific creative activities.


Recent progress in the field of noninterferometric phase retrieval brings the ordinary Fresnel microscopy to a new quantitative level, suitable for recovering both the amplitude and phase of the object, based on image intensity measurements of the object. We show that this is sufficient for in-plane component mapping of magnetic induction for small magnetic elements with known geometry ranging from micro- to few nanometers size. In present paper we re-examine some conservation principles used for the transport-of-intensity (TIE) equation derived by Teaque for application to phase retrieval in light and X-ray optics. In particular, we prove that the intensity conservation law should be replaced in general case with the energy-flow conservation law. This law describes the amplitude-phase balance of the partially coherent beam on its propagation along the optical path, valid both for light and electron optics. This substitution has at least two important fundamental consequences.


Phased arrays of microcavity lasers exhibit novel optical properties as well as application as electronic beam steering and high brightness sources. The coherence and beam divergence of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays are both related to the relative phase between the array elements, which in turn can be controlled by bias current. We have recently demonstrated that phased VCSEL arrays rely on a fundamentally different phase-shifting mechanism arising from temporal coherence [1]. Here we report the ability to tune virtually any array to coherence by insuring spectral overlap between the resonance of each element of the array. A 2x1 phased VCSEL array is shown in Fig. 1 [2]. The coherent laterally coupled array is fabricated by combining a photonic crystal etched hole pattern with an ion implant-defined laser gain structure. The photonic crystal provides stable index guiding for array elements and greater optical loss for higher order modes [3]. This structure enables strong coupling between array elements and simultaneously enables independent current injection into either cavity. Shown in Fig. 2 is the spatially resolved emission wavelength from the array and the far-field profile as a function of injection current. By preferential current injection to one element with respect to the other, we change the cavity refractive index for that element through ohmic heating and electronic suppression [2], thus varying its natural resonance, as confirmed by spatially resolved spectra measurements in Fig. 2(a). In effect, by varying the bias we can tune the resonance of each element as well as the phase relation and coherence of the array. For the array in Fig. 1, by electrically tuning elements 1 and 2, we obtain highly single-mode emission with an "out-of-phase" far-field mode throughout the coherent operation regime 2. With sufficient detuning two clearly defined spectral peaks with a single broad Gaussian far-field are apparent when Elements 1 and 2 become uncoupled and incoherent.


This study was conducted to gain an understanding
on the level of awareness among small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) on the importance of formal
inventory management practice. Results show that
majority of responded SMEs aware the importance
of having a formal inventory management system
in their businesses. Even though majority of the
respondents perceived that they efficiently manage
their inventories, many of them do not have a
formal inventory management system. Therefore
this study has suggested SMEs to adopt less
complicated inventory management system such as
perpetual inventory system and economic ordering
quantity (EOQ) model. This system can help SMEs
to maintain a proper inventory record and valuation,
as well as provide a sound basis for inventory
internal control.


BACKGROUND
Knowledge of arrhythmias in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is mainly based on ambulatory electrocardiography (ECG) studies and observations during haemodialysis. We used insertable cardiac monitors to define the prevalence of arrhythmias, focusing on bradyarrhythmias, in ESRD patients treated with several dialysis modes including home therapies. Moreover, we assessed whether these arrhythmias were detected in baseline or ambulatory ECG recordings.

METHODS
Seventy-one patients with a subcutaneously insertable cardiac monitor were followed for up to three years. Asystole (≥4.0 secs) and bradycardia (heart rate <30 bpm for ≥4 beats) episodes, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and atrial fibrillation were collected and verified visually. A baseline ECG and a 24-48-hour ambulatory ECG were recorded at recruitment and once a year thereafter.

RESULTS
At recruitment, forty-four patients were treated in in-center haemodialysis, 12 in home haemodialysis and 15 in peritoneal dialysis. During a median follow-up of 34.4 months, 18 (25.4%) patients had either an asystolic or a bradycardic episode. The median length of each patient's longest asystole was 6.6 seconds and that of a bradycardia 13.5 seconds. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias were detected in 16 (23%) patients, and atrial fibrillation in 34 (51%) patients. In-center haemodialysis and type II diabetes were significantly more frequent among those with bradyarrhythmias whereas no bradyarrhythmias were found in home haemodialysis. No bradyarrhythmias were evident in baseline or ambulatory ECG recordings.

CONCLUSIONS
Remarkably many patients with ESRD had bradycardia or asystolic episodes, but these arrhythmias were not detected by baseline or ambulatory ECG.


Using Anthurium 'flame'asthe test material,in this research we aim to study what's the of nano-carbon on fertilization and the ornamental characteristics of Anthurium potted flower.The results showed that adding nano-carbon can significantly reduce the amount of fertilizer as well as improve both growth and quality of the plant.In 60-day experement adding nano-carbon can save 38.83% fertilizer and also obviously enlarge the wideth of the leaves and the flowers.


Abstract : Public Law 102-190, "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993," December 5, 1991, directs the Secretary of Defense to ensure that the amount of the authorization that DoD requested for each military construction project associated with Defense base realignment and closure does not exceed the original estimated cost provided to the Commission on Defense Base Closure and Realignment (the Commission). If the requested budget amounts exceed the original project cost estimates provided to the Commission, the Secretary of Defense is required to explain to Congress the reasons for the differences. The Inspector General, DoD, is required to review each Defense base realignment and closure military construction project for which a significant difference exists from the original cost estimate and to provide the results of the review to the congressional Defense committees. This report is one in a series of reports about FY 1996 Defense base realignment and closure military construction costs. The overall audit objective was to determine the accuracy of Defense base realignment and closure military construction budget data. This report provides the results of the audit of one project, valued at $1.7 million, to renovate building 378 located at Naval Aviation Depot North Island, California. The audit also assessed the adequacy of the management control program as it applied to the audit objectives.


Spectra induced by 200-kev proton impact on helium was observed in the spectral region of lambda 3500 A to lambda 6000 A. /sup 1/S states appear to be strongly excited. Absolute crosssections for the direct excitation of the 4 /sup 1/S and 5 /sup 1/S states of neutral helium were determined as well as the simultaneous ionization and excitation cross-section for helium into the n = 4 state of He/sup +/. Of the more intense lines, only the 2 /sup 1/P-n /sup 1/S lines and the He II lambda 4686 line behaved linearly with pressure within experimental error. Triplet spectra were observed in which the dominant feature was the 2/sup 3/Pn /sup 3/D lines. The populations of the 4 /sup 3/D and 4 /sup 1/D states, in particular, were analyzed as a function of a direct mechanism and collision of the second kind which seem to fit the data fairly well. A very weak Doppler-shifted H/sub i line was detected. If this is interpreted to be produced by charge exchange, then the cross section for electron capture into the n = 4 state of hydrogen is estimated to be of the order of 8 x 10/sup -21/ cm/sup 2/. (auth)


One of the effective parameters in the anaerobic treatment process is alkalinity, which plays an import- ant role in the performance of the process as a buffer and regulator of wastewater pH. To provide the alkalinity of anaerobic units, there are several alkaline substances, such as Na 2 CO 3 , Ca(OH) 2 , MgO and NaOH, etc. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of operating conditions on the production of alkalinity from alkaline substances used in anaerobic wastewater treatment system. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed for 4 months (from June to September 2019) in an anaerobic wastewater treatment plant in an industrial town in Hamedan, Iran. In this study, four common neutralizing agents including NaOH (1–2 g/L), Na 2 CO 3 (1.5–2 g /L), Ca(OH) 2 (1–2 g/L) and MgO nanoparticles (0.5–1 g/L) to provide the required alkalinity was eval- uated in the anaerobic process. In the present study, 224 samples were examined using the OFAT method. Alkalinity production was evaluated by each of these alkaline substances in neutralizing agents value (0.5–2 g/L), contact time (1–5 min) and mixing rate (25–150 RPM). The results showed that there is a direct relationship between alkaline substances concentration, mixing rate and contact time with alkalinity production. As the dose of alkaline substances, the contact time and the mixing rate increased, the production of alkalinity also increased. The results showed that MgO is the most suitable alkaline substance to provide the required alkalinity of the anaerobic baffle system in the range of 2,000–2,000 mg CaCO 3 /L. In general, it can be concluded that due to the lack of alkalinity of the anaerobic baffle unit of the industrial town wastewater treatment plant, adding an alkaline substance such as MgO to regulate the alkalinity of the anaerobic baffle system, prevent pH drop and provide suitable environmental conditions for the growth and activity of microorganisms is necessary.


When the density at the ion Bernstein wave (IBW) antenna is relatively low, mode transformation of the electron plasma wave to the IBW is sensitive to the density gradient scale length, and hence to ponderomotive effects. A second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation that describes mode transformation at the lower-hybrid layer, including self-consistent ponderomotive density profile modification, is solved for the rf electrostatic potential in front of the IBW antenna, for the particular case of heating just below the second harmonic of the deuterium cyclotron frequency. The complex antenna impedance and a local reflectivity are calculated, assuming vacuum within the antenna box. These calculations reveal diminished antenna coupling to the IBW with increasing ponderomotive density expulsion, as compared to the linear prediction. The ponderomotive force increases the density gradient in the edge plasma, thus enhancing reflection and lowering the loading resistance. The model also describes the di...


The aim of this paper is to introduce Ciric-Suzuki type quasi-contractive multivalued operators and to obtain the existence of fixed points of such mappings in the framework of b-metric spaces. Some examples are presented to support the results proved herein. We establish a characterization of strong b-metric and b-metric spaces completeness. An asymptotic estimate of a Hausdorff distance between the fixed point sets of two Ciric-Suzuki type quasi-contractive multivalued operators is obtained. As an application of our results, existence and uniqueness of multivalued fractals in the framework of b-metric spaces is proved.


Purpose
The aim of this study was directed toward how a group of fourth year bachelor physiotherapy students describes their experiences, attitudes and beliefs from participating in a course of 40 h lasting three months in basic body awareness therapy (BBAT).

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study using phenomenological exploratory design was conducted. A total of 125 physiotherapy students within the subject of mental health physiotherapy, in the fourth year's study course belonging participated. The BBAT introduction course consisted of 20 h theory and 20 h practical implementation with a particular focus on promoting movement quality through a movement awareness learning strategy. The course was carried out through three consecutive years. Data were collected through using focus group interview at the end of each movement session and qualitative face-to-face research interview at the end of the whole course.

Findings
The data-analysis revealed 16 emerging themes grouped into four categories: physical perceptions, body awareness characteristics, self-awareness and body awareness professional development.

Research limitations/implications
This study highlights key experiences after attending a course on BBAT. In addition, it points out that to achieve movement quality awareness among the students, there is a need to include more self-training in the curriculum.

Practical implications
The movement quality learning process is necessary to develop the mental health physiotherapy program. The experiences of students while body awareness learning process included physical perceptions, body awareness characteristics, self-awareness and professional development.

Originality/value
This study is among the first to describe the experiences of students when a movement awareness learning methodology is applied. In physiotherapy in mental health, this learning process is relevant for the application of BBAT.


The leafminer Chromatomyia fuscula is reported to have one generation per year. It is the first agromyzid species shown to overwinter as adults. Eggs are deposited inside the leaves of cereals and grasses in late May and in June. The larvae mine the leaves in June and early July, and pupate in the mines. In July and early August the next generation of flies emerge and migrate to unknown overwintering sites. The middle leaves of spring barley support the highest number of larvae, often 10–15 per leaf, while the first two leaves and the flag leaf are less attacked. In the investigated fields, populations of 5.8–64.0 larvae developed per main shoot.


European integration changes the prospects of regional economies within the Member States of the European Union in many ways. Cohesion policy is the EU's instrument to influence and complement the efforts at the national level to ensure that the gains of economic integration reach everyone, and there are no regions left behind. This paper presents and applies a spatial general equilibrium model RHOMOLO to assess the impact of regional policy in the EU. The presented simulation results highlight strengths of the approach taken in RHOMOLO in handling investments in R&D, infrastructure and spillovers of investments in the innovation capacity of the regions, both of which cannot be captured by models in which the spatial structure is not present.


Two recent articles in EHP (1,2) and the latest Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry toxicologic profile for DDT (3) make repeated references to DDT risks. These statements of risk, like so many others, are one-sided and give no consideration to colossal increases in diseases previously controlled with DDT. Behind disease statistics are grievous human tragedies, as with the case of a little girl who died of an infection that could have been prevented if her house had been sprayed with DDT. She lived in a village in the Andes and was 8 years old in 1998 when she died of bartonellosis. Bartonellosis was previously controlled through malaria housespray programs, but without DDT, the disease returned. One-sided and narrowly focused risk assessments form the bedrock of anti-DDT advocacy (4,5), but advocacy for global elimination of DDT through United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) treaty negotiations failed (6). Countries can continue using DDT for disease control, and DDT is not listed for global elimination. This outcome was possible only through efforts of hundreds of scientists on behalf of hundreds of millions of people at risk of illness and death from malaria (7). Environmental activists who still want DDT eliminated and who are surprised by the lack of cost-effective alternatives should understand that global vilification of DDT eliminated almost all research on public health insecticides. Lack of research support persists and contrasts sharply with the richness of funds for research on adverse health effects of DDT; 29 major projects are presently funded by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) (3). The evidence of DDT efficacy in controlling diseases is irrefutable. In just 3 years, house spraying in Guyana reduced maternal and infant mortalities by 56% and 39%, respectively, and reduced malaria cases by 99% (8). Similar evidence from other geographic areas persuaded delegates to UNEP treaty negotiations that DDT is still needed. Yet, and in spite of all contrary evidence, the UN program to phase out DDT is unabated (9,10). The current "phase-out" program by the World Health Organization's Roll Back Malaria initiative and the Global Environment Facility (Washington, DC) includes no publicized disease control performance standards and does not include appropriate on-site studies or tests to determine, under varying epidemiologic and environmental conditions, that DDT alternatives will provide adequate and sustained protection of rural populations. After years of successful efforts, the modus operandi of DDT elimination remains the same: apply political and economic pressures, convince country politicians that DDT is not needed, pass laws banning its use, and let impoverished rural populations quietly suffer spiraling increases in disease rates (11,12). Even short-term commitments of funds for purchasing the more expensive and less effective DDT alternatives are a continuation of past practices: in the end, disease rates will increase. The Andean girl's death is one of millions of preventable deaths that occurred as national and international regulations, trade barriers, international policies, and UN resolutions were applied to stop public health uses of DDT (13). With absolute certainty, the best measures of success in the anti-DDT campaign are increases in disease and death from malaria, leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, dengue fever, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. We can add to this list the renewed threat that urban yellow fever will once again ravage populations of the Americas. Even this emerging threat is linked to past failures to continue appropriate public health uses of DDT. The Andean girl's unrecognized but precious stake in the DDT issue was her life, now lost. How many millions more must die because of hypothetical risks from minute quantities of DDT sprayed on internal house walls?


In December 2019, the first official European Green Deal document was released, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions gradually by 2050, when the carbon neutrality target should be reached. The aim of the paper is to analyse the possibility of implementing solar farms in Romania with particular interest for the nearshore area of the Black Sea. Moreover, it is analysed the current status of electricity generation sources in Romania, the profile of consumers connected to the National Energy System (NES), and the electricity injected into the grid through solar farms. On the other hand, the possibility of intermittent injection of energy into the grid and the effects on the stability of the national energy system are analysed.


In this paper,the expanding self_energizing overrunning spring clutch was designed optimally with constraint of strength reliability.A group of optimum constructional parameters can be found rapidly by means of computer and reliability was satisfied.


This study was carried out during 2007-2009 in the vineyards of Ardebil province of Iran to study the biology and the epidemiology of Uncinula necator—the causal agent of grape powdery mildew disease. The study concentrated on the survival and the initiation of primary inoculum of the fungal causal agent. Results of histopathological experiments indicated that U. necator survived as mycelium in the dormant buds of the grapes during winter season. Results of study on the effect of environmental factors on fungus biology showed that the pathogenic activity of the fungus began when the temperature was between 16-19 o C with a relative humidity more than 50%. It was also found that optimum temperature and relative humidity for the sporulation of U.necator was 20-25 o C and 50%-100% respectively. According to the results, fungal conidia were trapped during formation of 5-6 true leaves and first disease symptoms were observed on the clusters on late June after fruit formation. Fungal cleistothecia were observed abundantly at the end of season on the leaves, petioles and twigs but they were not able to survive during winter. Formation of ascospores on young leaves was proved but their role as the primary inoculum was not supported by the results of this study. Results of this study and the new findings on the biology and epidemiology of U.necator may be of national and international interests for the management of powdery mildew disease which is one of the most destructive diseases around the world including Iran.


Unit Kokkola-Pietarsaari Date June 2014 Author/s Junnan Ge Degree programme Information Technology Name of thesis BOOKING SERVICE DESIGNS FOR LIEKE PLATFORM Instructor Kauko Kolehmainen Pages 46 Supervisor Kauko Kolehmainen This thesis work was commissioned by a company called Newave Designs Oy (Ltd). Newave Designs Oy is a software company founded in 2004 and currently located in Kokkola, Finland. Their main focus is on their LIEKE platform and browser-based software built on it. The work was about software designs for a booking system that can be used to offer and reserve timeslots in the LIEKE platform that Newave Designs Oy is building. The goal of this project was to build a time-based service in LIEKE platform for small business companies in Finland. The design part was conducted as this thesis work, and Newave Design Oy will do the implementation work. During the writing of this thesis, the technical requirements were mentioned. Those requirements were the knowledge to understand LIEKE platform as well as software designs. LIEKE is a platform and content management system (CMS) for building dynamic websites and applications offering a broad range of features and services including user administration, translation tools, content publishing and online shopping among others. The technical terms, such as LAMP, CodeIgneiter, HMVC, Smarty, responsive design, and UML were explained. The designs of the project were done with different design tools. For visualizing the design of the system, UML was used as beginning designs. Use case and class diagram were the designs for helping implementing the software. Database designs used Microsoft Visio, and all the data will be saved in MySQL database management system. For the layout designs, the online free software called mockingbird was used. A satisfied feedback from Newave and the customers of Newave was received about the design. According to those requirements of the customer and the software designs, the software was created in the LIEKE platform. The software is fully functional as specified and it met the usability for the LIEKE customer. Newave is expected to create a great booking application for mobile devices soon.