More than 500 million bicycles have been estimated to participate nowadays in the modem road transport. Bicycles are the most numerous vehicles in the underdeveloped countries, whereas in the developed countries they are more frequent(v used for recreation and sport. Sudden revival of bicycle transport in modem times is like(v to continue, at a higher or lower rate depending on the particular conditions in a certain country. The reason for this lies in the fact that bicycle is popular in underdeveloped countries because of its low cost, and in the developed countries it is preferred to motor vehicles because of its ecological, sport, and medical and recreational aspect. The present slow development of cycling in Croatia, is the result of the war and post-war events, but this is expected to change towards rapid growth in free Croatia. This should be our tendency out of the same reasons which hold for the developed countries with special emphasis on tourism and environmental protection. Therefore, schoolchildren should be acquainted at schools with all the advantages of riding bicycles, they should learn how to ride a bike and all about the traffic rules. For normal bicycle traffic, an appropriate bicycle lane network should be constructed as soon as possible, for urban and suburban traffic, as well as bicycle lanes for recreational and tourist purposes. Moreover, the conditions should be created and cycling promoted with the sport and racing spirit, in which Croatia has always had a great and brilliant tradition.


The objective of this work was to study the protective effect of wheat germ powder and oil on high fat and high fructose diet induced metabolic disturbances in rats. Thirty six male rats were distributed into (6) groups (6 rats) as following: Group (1): normal control rats (-ve) fed on basal diet, Group (2): fed on basal diet contained wheat germ powder 20 % , Group (3): fed on basal diet and received wheat germ oil (1.5 ml / kg.bw /day) orally , Group (4): (+ve) control: high fat diet and high fructose drinking (HF and HFr), Group (5): fed on HF and HFr contained wheat germ powder 20 % , Group (6): fed on HF and HFr and received wheat germ oil (1.5 ml / kg.bw /day) orally during the experimental period (6 weeks). Results showed wheat germ is high content of nutrients .The group fed HF and HFr showed significantly higher level of blood glucose, serum TG ,TC, LDL-c , VLDL-c , AST , ALT, ALP , creatinine, uric acid ,TNF α, leptin and resistin and decrease in serum HDL-c , GSH and CAT as compared to (-ve) control . While the groups fed high fat and high fructose diet containing WG and received WGO showed significant decrease in blood glucose, serum lipid profile, liver and kidney functions, TNF-α , leptin and resistin while increasing the (GSH) and (CAT) as compared to (+ve) control. From obtained results it can be recommend that consumption of wheat germ powder and oil may be beneficial for those which suffering from high glucose, triglycerides , total cholesterol diseases and can decrease the inflammatory response.


In 1913 Plummer ( 1 ) differentiated toxic nodular goiter from diffuse toxic goiter ( Graves' disease ) on clinical grounds and noted that nodular goiter was associated with a mild atypical thyrotoxicosis and an absence of exophthalmos. In 1947, Cope, Rawson and McArthur (2) first demonstrated that a solitary thyroid nodule, as opposed to a multinodular goiter, was capable of producing the type of hyperthyroidism described by Plummer. They showed that when this lesion accumulated all of an administered tracer dose of 1311, it was associated with cellular and functional atrophy of the remainder of the gland. The anatomic and functional atrophy of the extranodular tissue was assumed to be the result of TSH reduction, secondary to pituitary suppression by excess thyroid hormone released from the nodule. The clinical and laboratory features associated with the solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule have been well described and need not be reviewed here (3-6). These lesions are easily recognized by their characteristic accumulation of virtually all of the administered radioiodine on a thyroid scan (Fig. 1A). Nearly all authors have held that these nodules are autonomous in function and inde pendent of pituitary TSH, since thyroid hormone administration does not sup press the uptake of iodine by the gland as a whole, or alter the appearance of the thyroid scan (3-9) (Fig. 1B). The rise in overall uptake commonly seen follow ing exogenous TSH administration, has been attributed largely to stimulation of suppressed thyroid tissue (Fig. 1C), but there has been less certainty con cerning the response of the nodule itseff. Miller states that it is "muchless than that of the suppressed normal tissue― (4) and Dorta describes the response as little or none (10). Skillern et al (3) and Seed (11) believe that hyperfunction ing adenomas are responsive to thyrotropin, inasmuch as they advocate adminis tration of TSH to patients with low or low-normal uptakes prior to a therapeutic dose of 1311. Fellinger noted a rise in †̃31PB1following TSH administration and


Religion is deeply rooted in man and his blood since many centuries ago. Still it has been dominating man and his way of thinking and behavior. Within the framework of human rights, religion is considered as an inherent and individual right of the man. Therefore, religion is a very personal matter in man and his life. Within the Eastern Philosophical traditions, we can find a great thinker and the religious man who was not limited to the East and the one who spread that new ideal of the religion to the Western world. He is Swami Vivekananda. He was born in 1863 and expired in 1902. Within that short period, he did excellent contribution to the tradition of the Vedantic religion. To him, Religion is not just a talk and doctrines or theories, nor is it sectarianism Religion cannot live in sects and societies. It is a relationship between soul and God. He explains that religion does not consist in erecting temples or building churches or attending public worship. As well as it cannot find in the books or in words or in lectures or in organizations. Religion consists on realization. Religion does not consist in subscribing to a particular creed or faith but in spiritual realization. Therefore, spiritual realization is religion. He said "I shall try to bring before you the Hindu theory that religions do not come from without, but from within. It is my belief that religious thought is in man's very constitution, so much so that it is impossible for him to give up religion until he can give up his mind and body, until he can give up his thought and life." Religion is inseparable with man and his life. Another thing is that, it is within the man. Each and every one should understand God within their soul through self-realization. Religion is the manifestation of the divinity already within man. Therefore, it is not necessary to have doctrines or dogmas and intellectual argumentation. It is realization in the heart of our hearts. It is touching God; it is feeling God and realizing that I am a spirit in relation with the universal spirit and all its great manifestations. In a simple manner, his way of understanding of religion is that man must realize God, feel God, see God, and talk to God. That is the religion. To him material prosperity and wealth is not an important thing. However, the wealth of the spiritual thought is needed for the human progress. All the religions of the world together constitute one whole. For him, there existed only one Eternal Religion of which all other religions were only variations. Each religion has a special bent, a unique trait, some good points and this uniqueness is not the different buildings, languages, rituals, books etc employed in various religions, but the internal soul of every religion. Every religion has a soul behind it, and that soul may differ from the soul of another religion. Thus, all these religions are different forces in the economy of God, working for the good of mankind. All the religions of the world together constitute one whole. All religions are valid means to the same end. It is not necessary to change the view point of one's own religion. To enrich one's life, one can accept some of the good points from another religion.


The invention discloses a dark current detecting device and an absorbency detecting method, wherein, the dark current detecting device comprises a light source, a filter wheel and a detecting device. The detecting device is used to receive an optical signal and then output a corresponding electrical signal, the filter wheel is provided with a light through hole, an optical filter is arranged on the light through hole, and the filter wheel can be rotated to cause the light to reach a light path of the detecting device from the light source through the through hole; the filter wheel is also provided with a light tight dark current measuring place, and the dark current measuring place can be rotated to the light path of the detecting device from the light source. The invention shelters from the light through the dark current measuring place which is positioned on the filter wheel, the dark current can be measured and the light is not required to be turned off, the testing of the dark current can be carried in real time without waiting for a steady time, the real time dark current value is deducted during processing the testing data, and the accuracy of the absorbency is improved.


A number of previous studies have investigated international construction project risks and have proposed risk mitigation measures without examining their interdependence. The purpose of the current study is to identify the influence of various risk mitigation measures on macro-level risk factors in the international marketplace.,The authors initially identified 26 risk variables and nine risk mitigation measures through a literature review, which were then verified for their pertinence to international projects by three experts. Subsequently, 105 questionnaire survey responses were collected and analysed using factor analysis and structural equation modelling to test the interrelations between the risk variables and mitigation measures.,The findings suggest that joint ventures with local partners is emerged as the most critical risk mitigation measure that influences the international projects, which are exposed to political, project and firm-specific risk factors. Further, it is worth noting that among the recognised risk mitigation measures in international projects, offering more local employment is the least critical mitigation measure in the international projects.,The findings of this study are based on the macro-risk factors encountered by Indian construction firms in international projects, mostly from specific Asian and African regions. Thus, the opinions of construction firms from the developed countries might be different.,The main contribution of this study to existing knowledge is empirical evidence of the interrelationships between risk mitigation measures and risk factors that are portrayed as latent variables of different manifest risk variables. The generated model can assist construction firms in emphasising several risk mitigation methods, in order to reduce risk and enhance performance in international construction projects.


Color images include not only the brightness information,but also more effective information,including hue and saturation.To fully use the information to get better image segmentation,this paper chose HIS color space.Compared with RGB,HIS color space is more consistent with human visual characteristics,so that it can achieve better segmentation.


Al Tabaa (2011) From Gulf to Gulf to Gulf. Institute for Public Art. Website last Available at: https://www. instituteforpublicart.org/case-studies/from-gulf-togulf-to-gulf/ (accessed 16 September 2021). CAMP (2017) From Gulf to Gulf to Gulf (Kutchi Vahan Pani Wala), 2013, India/United Arab Emirates, 83 min, Dir. Shaina Anand and Ashok Sukumaran. Davie E (2014) Staying with the trouble: The radical work of CAMP. Modern Times Review: The European Documentary Magazine. Available at: https://www. moderntimes.review/staying-with-the-trouble-theradical-work-of-camp/ Friess D and Jazeel T (2017) Unlearning 'landscape'. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 107(1): 14–21. Gilmore RW (2007)Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. Hyslop J (2009) Guns, drugs, and revolutionary propaganda: Indian sailors and smuggling in the 1920s. South African Historical Journal 61(4): 838–846. Kino C (2015) In Sharjah, A local art scene. New York Times. February 9, 2015. McKittrick K (2006) Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.


Network capacity performance, especially cell edge user average throughput is compared between 2-path antenna and 8-path antenna schemes in TD-LTE system. Simulation results show that the 8-antenna has about 30% gain. And when the real construction condition is unlimited, 8-antenna scheme is a better choice.


This study tested the hypothesis that administration of immunosuppressive doses of prednisone in conjunction with ultralow-dose aspirin (0.5 mg/kg/day) would result in gastroduodenal lesion scores similar to those found in dogs administered only immunosuppressive doses of prednisone, but that the gastroduodenal scores from both of these treatment groups would be significantly higher than placebo when administered to healthy dogs for 27 days. Eighteen healthy adult purpose-bred dogs were divided randomly into three groups. Group I received placebo capsules and placebo suspension, Group II received prednisone capsules (mean 2.3 mg/kg, range 2.0-2.4) and placebo suspension, and Group III received prednisone capsules (mean 2.3 mg/kg, range 2.3-2.5) and aspirin suspension (0.5 mg/kg) by mouth once daily for 27 days. Gastroduodenoscopy was performed on days -7 (baseline), 5, 14, and 27 of treatment. Four regions of the stomach (angularis incisura, body, pylorus, and cardia) and the proximal descending duodenum were systematically scored on a scale of 1 (normal) to 11 (perforating ulcer) by an experienced observer who was blinded to the treatment groups


One of the most critical issues associated with the design and development of sacrificial plasma facing components that have to handle the high heat and particle fluxes in ITER is achieving the necessary contact conductance between the plasma protection material and the high-conductivity material in contact with the coolant. This paper presents a novel bond idea which is proposed as one of the options for the sacrificial energy dump targets located at the bottom of the divertor legs and provides armour thermal and electrical contact with the cooled sub-structure while promoting remote, in-situ maintenance repair and an easy replaceability of the armour part without disturbing the cooling pipes or rewelding neutron irradiated materials. To provide a reliable and demountable adhesion the bond consists of a metal alloy, treated in the semi-solid region in such a way as to lead to a fine dispersion of a globular solid phase into a liquid matrix (rheocast process [1]). This thermal bond layer could be made working in the solid state during normal operation and could be brought reversibly in the semisolid state during the armour replacement simply by heating it slightly above the solidus temperature. The results of some preliminary thermal-mechanical analyses carried out to assess the heat transfer performance of these joints are reported in this paper together with some highlights on the key design, material, and remote maintenance issues which need to be rapidly addresses in the course of a R&D program.


The purposes of the paper are to know and improve the legal awareness of Surakarta local government officer to Law No.12/2006 on Citizenship in vanishing civic discrimination to Chinese Indonesians. Some issues of the Chinese Indonesian are the definitions of Indonesian citizens and native Indonesian people or "warga negara Indonesia (WNI) asli" and their obligation to show Indonesian Citizenship Certificate (SBKRI) in processing civil documents. Legal awareness of Surakarta local government officer can be categorized as "legal knowledge" only. They know the laws but they do not implement it yet. Nevertheless, at least this research has given the new awareness in citizenship law for the officers. Keywords—Legal Awareness, Government Officer, Civic Discrimination, Chinese Indonesians


Abstract : How accurately can the bases, tops, and amounts of the cloud layers over a tactical target area be determined from measurements made with an airborne sensor capable only of detecting cloud presence in situ? Various sampling patterns are evaluated in terms of accuracy of cloud inferrence as well as cost in fuel and time. Surprisingly, it is found that the best strategy is to sample the volume in alternate ascents and descents in tight spirals, thereby producing a regular pattern of widely separated point measurements in each horizontal plane over the target area. The inherent redundancy of closely spaced samples of cloudiness results in a wastage of fuel in horizontal flight that more than compensates for the higher rate of fuel consumed in multiple ascents. (Author)


Abstract Studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, or Zn on the decomposition of organic matter in soils and on their microflora. The heavy metals were added to samples of Gley soil and Light-colored Andosol at the level of 10 μmol/g soil, respectively. Three days after the addition, sewage sludge was mixed with the samples at a 2% rate. During the 4 week period of incubation at 28°C, CO2 evolution was measured periodically. At the end of the incubation period, the soil samples were analyzed to determine the number of bacteria and fungi, and the amount of heavy metals extracted successively with water and other reagents. The toxicity of heavy metals to soil microorganisms was also analyzed. The dilute suspensions of Gley soil and Light-colored Andosol were inoculated into albumin medium and rose bengal medium containing heavy metals of various concentrations, and the influence of the metals on colony formation by the bacteria and fungi was investigated. All the metals inhib...


Summary Injection of Candida albicans ic facilitated establishment of disease as evidenced from the LD50 studies. The LD50 at 14 days for mice injected ic with C. albicans was log 5.2 ± 0.5 cells and log 7.2 ± 0.5 cells when injected ip. The LD50 at 14 days for Salmonella enteritidis injected ic was log 6.6 ± 0.5. Interaction between mixed cultures of C. albicans and S. enteritidis was studied under various environmental conditions. Retardation of growth of C. albicans was noted in broth in presence of actively growing S. enteritidis. Cell-free culture filtrates of S. enteritidis or of C. albicans failed to inhibit proliferating cells of competing organisms. Also, test cultures grew commensally on all plates incubated aerobically as well as under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions. Proliferation of S. enteritidis in the spleen, ceca, kidneys, and liver depended upon number of cells injected. Several organ tissues showed the presence of large populations of S. enteritidis when infected ip with log 6.0 or more S. enteritidis cells. No deaths occurred among animals receiving log 5.0 S. enteritidis cells. The spleen and blood of mice infected with C. albicans were able to eliminate the organisms rapidly. When mice received only C. albicans (log 5.0 cells), large populations of the organism were noted in both kidney and cecum. Lower concentrations of C. albicans were readily eliminated by these organs. Mice infected with S. enteritidis 24 hr prior to infection with C. albicans exhibited three conditions depending upon the numbers of cells of S. enteritidis. High numbers (above log 7.0) of S. enteritidis cells produced greater mortality rates in infected animals similar to those where no C. albicans were injected. Log 6.0 S. enteritidis cells plus log 5.0 C. albicans cells (lethal dosages) prevented mortality to mice. Lower numbers of S. enteritidis (log 5.0 or less) did not produce disease syndrome in mice and did not alter lethal effect of C. albicans. Organ tissues of mice preinfected with log 6.0 S. enteritidis and then injected with log 5.0 C. albicans cells showed a decrease in growth of C. albicans. The cecum of these mice did not support growth of Candida. Evidence indicated that interaction between these test cultures prevented invasion of the tissues by C. albicans.


The present forecasting period extends to 2000q4. In making the Scottish forecasts, the past performance of the Scottish and UK manufacturing outputs are considered, and the National Institute's quarterly forecasts for UK manufacturing output are used for driving the Scottish forecasts. Figure 1 depicts the actual growth rates for Scottish manufacturing output from 1986ql to 1998q4 and the forecasts for 1999ql to 2000q4. The Scottish Office Index of Production has been re-based with 1995=100 and this change has been incorporated


In the past many interesting applications of interactive instructional software have been developed by a great number of educational institutions. However there has been done practically no work to compare different instructional packages with respect to design and presentation formats. It is the purpose of this paper to present different solutions for standard elements of instructional software. The examples will be drawn mainly from programmes developed at FernUniversitat Hagen. As standard elements we have considered the title, user guidance, menu structure, presentation of authors, historical background of theories, presentation of concepts,  simulations, practical illustrations, exercises and support tools. Each of these elements will be illustrated by several examples taken from CBT-applications in various subjects.


The invention relates to the chromosome deletion detection field, and especially relates to a multiple real-time fluorescent PCR detection kit for Y chromosome microdeletion. The kit detects gene deletion at sY84 and sY86 loci of a Y chromosome AZFa subregion, sY127 and sY134 loci of a Y chromosome AZFb subregion, and sY254 and sY255 loci of a Y chromosome AZFc subregion by real-time fluorescent PCR. The kit realizes a stable and high-efficient multiple PCR reaction system by using homologous tailed primers and universal primers, adopts nucleic acid probes labeled by different fluorescent genes to indicate the presence of target fragments, and thus realizes the fastest simultaneous detection of sequences on 6 AZF deletion hotspots and 2 internally controlled genes by two tubes. The kit of the invention can be used for detection of male Y chromosome microdeletion genes, and has the advantages of high speed, accuracy, high throughput, low cost, no pollution, and the like.


Ethnic consideration has been comprehensively substantiated as a major trait in determining the political sustainability in Nigeria. Historically, the British overlord in 1914 saw forceful nuptials as a political necessity to safeguard and consolidate divergence ethnic pluralism, hypothesizing the dawn of ethnic consciousness in Nigerian political life. Ethnicity has been exploited as an instrument of oppression, therefore, becomes a time bomb lingering to explode in Nigerian political landscape. Military intervention in politics as an extra-legal and conspiratorial subjugation of government has been conventionally reprimanded as an aberration, despite their forbidden operational values in political engagements, various countries of the world such as Nigeria, France, Ghana, Uganda, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, Thailand, Iraq, Libya, Algeria, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Russia, just to mention a few, have experienced military skyjacking of political power at one time or the other, therefore, this paper, discusses how ethnicity influences military takeover and civil war in Nigeria. Methodology espoused in carrying out this study was heavily derived from both secondary sources and insightful empirical observation of military trends in Nigeria. The study provides comprehensive critiques of ethnic nationalism in military governance which escorted the major ceaseless coup d'etats and civil war in Nigeria. It is evident that major coordinated military coups have been splotched with ethnic gluttony which culminated into civil war, aimed at controlling the central political power, while thwarting socio-economic and political exertions in Nigeria. This paper therefore concludes that selective killings in military governance which journeyed through civil war exacerbated ethnic distrust among the major contending dominant groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) that ensuing protracted social unrest and general insecurity in Nigerian boisterous political odysse


Inflammation of the mucosal epithelium by eosino - phils in nasal secretions of patients with allergic rhinitis may cause persistent nasal blockage. A common therapy for allergic rhinitis is oral or intranasal corticosteroids. However, corticosteroids carry the risk of disrupting growth and development in children. Probiotic treatment in allergic rhinitis patients works by manipu - lating the bacterial ecosystem of the digestive tract, stimulating the balance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Objective To assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on eosinophil levels in nasal secretions, duration of allergic episodes, and total nasal symptom scores in children aged 2-18 years with allergic rhinitis. Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was performed on children aged 2 to 18 years who visited Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, between March to July 2012 due to allergic rhinitis. Fifty-five eligible subjects were involved in the study. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either standard therapy (antihistamines) and probiotics or standard therapy and placebo for 30 days. Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical non-parametric unpaired samples analysis. P values of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results Fifty-five subjects with allergic rhinitis were randomized into either the probiotic group (27 subjects) or the placebo group (28 subjects). We found that the median (range) nasal eosinophil percentage reduction before the study compared to after 30 days of treatment was higher in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (34 (15-65) vs 6 (0-24) %, respectively, P<0.0001). Median (range) duration of allergic rhinitis episode in the probiotic group was shorter compared to the placebo group (48 (0-96) hours vs 72 (6-168) hours, respectively; P<0.0001). The median (range) total nasal symptom score was also lower in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (2 (0-3) vs 5 (1-6), respectively; P<0.0001). Conclusion Probiotic supplementation reduces the percentage of nasal eosinophils, duration of allergic rhinitis episode, and total nasal symptoms. (Paediatr Indones. 2013;53:264-7.).


Micropropagation using shoot tip or meristem explants represents a rapid means of propagating disease-free planting materials of banana. However, the high frequencies of somaclonal variation (also referred to as off-types) generated during banana micropropagation limit the usefulness of this technique. This study aimed to characterise the dwarf off-type, a major micropropagation induced off-type in the Cavendish (Musa spp. AAA) subgroup. Experiments were undertaken to develop techniques for the early detection of dwarf off-types, and to determine the tissue culture factors that led to their occurrence. DNA analyses were conducted to determine the nature of this dwarf somaclonal variation. Known normal and dwarf off-type plants generated from micropropagation of Cavendish cultivars New Guinea Cavendish and Williams, which had been previously identified based on their morphology in the field, were used in this study. The response of normal and dwarf off-type bananas to sub-optimal temperature was evaluated in the field and under controlled environmental conditions. Comparing bananas grown at 30/25 °C (day/night) to those grown at 18/14 °C, leaf production was inhibited (51%) in normal plants but only moderately inhibited in dwarf off-types (18%). The emergence of the first leaf to develop at low temperatures was delayed in normal plants (11 days) but only moderately delayed in dwarf off-types (5 days). Photoinhibition, measured by the decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence variable Fv/Fm, occurred in normal and to a lesser extent in dwarf off-type plants growing in the field during winter. Under controlled environmental conditions (18/14 °C, 380 pmol m-2 s-1), photoinhibition was similarly more marked in normal than dwarf off-type plants. These differences indicate that dwarf off-types may have an improved tolerance to low temperature, as they showed better growth and lower rates of photoinhibition than normal plants.The leaf-sheath elongation responses of normal and dwarf bananas to exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) were determined at the in vitro, deflasking or established plant stages. At each of these stages, normal plants exhibited a significantly greater leaf-sheath elongation than dwarf off-type plants. As a method for detection of dwarf off-types, the test was most sensitive when GA3 was applied to the plants at the deflasking stage and sheath elongation was measured on the first leaf to form after GA3 application. Elongation of this structure was approximately 2-fold greater in normal than in dwarf off-type plants. A similar GA3 elongation response was observed for cultivar Dwarf Parfitt. ……………………………….


In this article, we examine the preferential breeding habitats of Anopheles fluviatilis at sibling species level in malaria endemic district of Koraput, Odisha State, East-Central India. The study included the collection and rearing of the larva from different breeding habitats in three terrains and identification of the emerged adults at morphological as well molecular level. Out of 150 An. fluviatilis emerged, 149 was sibling species T and only one was sibling species S. Sibling species T was found to be breeding mostly in streams (66.4%) followed by paddy-fields (28.9%). Ponds, mud-puddles and pits together contributed only 4.7% of sibling species T. Since, sibling species S has been incriminated as the main human malaria vector in the area; it is recommended that a longitudinal immature survey covering three seasons over a larger temporal and geographical range would be useful to find out the preferential breeding habitats of An. fluviatilis species S.


The objective is to study clinical the rapeutic effects of picibanil and interleukin 2(IL 2) in the treatment of malignant pleural and abdominal cavity effusion.Sixty patients diagnosed as malignant pleural and abdominal cavity effusion by pathology or cytoloyy were divided into therapy group and control group,and they were given the close drainage.When malignant pleural and abdominal cavity offusion was drained mainly,picibanil and IL 2 were inculcated in the therapy group while DDP inculcated in the control group.Therapy group's CR and PR was over 93 3%,and control group's 66 7%,the difference of two groups was significant, P 0 05.The side effects and toxic effects:in the therapy groups the fevered whose temperature was below 38 5℃ were notable,the amount of white blood cells did not obvivusly change,and nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain and diarrhea were little,while in the control group,the nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain and diarrhea were obvious.In conclusion,this preliminay study suggests that immune therapy of malignanl pleurul and abdominal cauity effusion offers relatively high mitigating rate and light side effects and toxic effects,and patients easily accept this therapy method.


OBJECTIVES
Home care and community-based services are being increasingly promoted in elderly care to prevent the need for institutional care. As more physically and cognitively dependent clients are being cared for in the community, concerns from fire safety perspectives have been raised. The issue becomes whether the home care client can evacuate safely from the residence in case of fire, where the available safe egress time is estimated to be around 2-3 minutes. The objective of this study was to develop a classification based on the RAI Home Care 2.0 assessment instrument for determining the evacuation ability of home care clients in the case of fire.

DESIGN
The evacuation ability was assessed by fire safety experts who rated the evacuation ability of home care clients (N = 1,011). These data were linked to the persons RAI-HC assessment, which is a comprehensive assessment instrument of the person's functional performance and health status.

RESULTS
The classification provides a reasonably accurate prediction of different risk categories in home care.

CONCLUSION
The classification can be used for screening home care clients to determine their evacuation ability.


The t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation is present in up to 25% of children with pre-B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL). This translocation involves two transcription factors, TEL (ETV6) and AML (RUNX1), both of which have crucial roles in regulating haematopoiesis. Clinically, TEL-AML1 positive patients have good prognoses. However, late relapses, additional genetic lesions affecting prognosis, and long-term side-effects of chemotherapy remain a cause for concern. In light of recent studies showing genetic and functional heterogeneities in cells responsible for cancer clone maintenance and propagation, targeting common deregulated pathways may be critical for the success of novel therapies. Using Affymetrix GeneChip global gene expression analysis our laboratory previously identified three genes: Tbx2, E2f5 and Lif-R, specifically expressed in TEL-AML1 transduced mouse foetal liver haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) cells compared with control cells. Over-expression of these genes was confirmed by real-time qPCR and the specificity of target gene expression was evaluated in human TEL-AML1 positive and negative leukaemia cells. Pathway analysis of TEL-AML1 transcriptional target genes also demonstrated deregulated expression of genes associated with STAT3 signalling, known to be one of the most important pathways required for proliferation and maintenance of multipotency in cancer stem cells. In this study we demonstrate the importance of STAT3 activity in a mouse model of TEL-AML1 overexpression, in human TEL-AML1 positive leukaemia cells and primary human leukaemic samples. Our data indicate a central role for TEL-AML1 in maintaining activated STAT3. This is mediated by transcriptional induction of the Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, ARHGEF4, leading to RAC1 activation and consequent stimulation of STAT3. The latter is necessary for survival, proliferation and self-renewal of TEL-AML1 positive leukaemia through transcriptional induction of MYC expression. In conclusion, we show a novel signalling pathway important for maintenance of t(12;21) leukaemia that constitutes a promising novel therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.


The effect of sodium selenite on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats was studied.Sodium selenite ip 2mg·kg-1·d-1 was injected for 2 d,and 4 h after ip sodium selenite on d 2 a single dose of cisplatine(5mg/kg)was injected ip.Selenite markedly reduced the elevation of urine flow,urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase(NAG),blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine caused by cisplatin 5mg/kg and maintained urinary osmolarity at a normal level.The differences between the two groups are marked(p0.01 or p0.05).The histopathological impairment(the proximal tubule degeneration and necrosis)caused by cisplatin was alleviated significantly.The administration of sodium selenite 2 mg/kg ip to the tumor-bearing mice did not affect the antitumor activity of cisplatin.Cisplatin dissolved in normal saline which contained sodium selenite was injected ip to the tumor-bearing mice and the result showed that sodium selenite did not affect the antitumor activity of cisplatin.These results indicated that the protective effect of sodium selenite is probably due to the interaction between selenite and hydrolytic metabolites of cisplatin in the kidney.


Hotel Convento De La Magdalena is located in Antequera, close to Antequera Castle, Cueva de Menga, and El Torcal National Park. Nearby points of interest also include El Romeral. Hotel Features. Hotel Convento De La Magdalena features a restaurant and..


Fingerprint matching is one of the most important problems in Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). It has emerged as an effective tool for human recognition due to its uniqueness, universality and invariability. The significance of this work is to monitor the matching and similarity for two or more fingerprint images simultaneously. This proposed algorithm has been formulated based on minutiae points which examine n number of images.


We tested for the effect of height on the number of flying insects at one site in a mixed hardwood temperate forest in Williamstown, Massachusetts, by trapping insects at two heights, 0 and 20 meters above the ground, using two types of traps, light traps and malaise traps, from May through September 1992. Overall, insects were approximately eight times more abundant in traps at ground level than in the canopy. Of 101 insect families collected, 86 families (85%) were more abundant in the ground level traps than in the canopy traps. For most groups, these abundance differences with height were consistent in both types of trap. Our results contrast with previous work, done in tropical forests, which has consistently shown more insects in the canopy than in the understory. Our results suggest that the canopy, which supports a major component of insect diversity in the tropics, might not directly support the bulk of insect diversity in temperate forests.


EARLY in 1902, when Theodore Roosevelt's administration began antitrust proceedings against the Northern Securities Company, John Pierpont Morgan, its organizer, reputedly complained to Roosevelt, "If we have done anything wrong . . . send your man to my man and they can fix it up."' Several years later, in the midst of the Panic of 1907, Elbert H. Gary and Henry Clay Frick hurried to Washington to ask Roosevelt's advice. The two men, who represented Morgan interests in the United States Steel Corporation, told Roosevelt about a plan to purchase for United States Steel a controlling interest in the Tennessee Coal and Iron Company. Presenting the proposal as a bit of altruism designed to save a hard-pressed brokerage firm that owned the stock, they requested assurances that the purchase would not bring antitrust prosecution against the Steel Corporation. Roosevelt gave vague blessings, and the House of Morgan completed the transaction.2 Such familiar anecdotes are the material used to describe Wall StreetWashington relations during the progressive era. Contemporary reformers popularized these stories as illustrations of big business incorrigibility and unscrupulousness. Historians, denied access to most businessmen's records and primarily concerned with the course of liberal reform, have accepted them as anecdotes. Back of these stories lay a consistent pattern, unified by Wall Street's view of the federal government. According to an official biographer, Roosevelt, after listening to Morgan's ideas on corporation control, commented, "Mr. Morgan could not help regarding me as a big rival operator, who either intended to ruin all his interests, or else could be induced to come to an agree-


The continuing rapid increase in the number of wavelengths per fiber will dramatically increase the size of OXCs/ROADMs in the WDM-based metro core networks. This calls for the use of the multi-granular switching concept introduced in GMPLS to avoid the cost explosion of these optical switches. This paper addresses the optimal planning problem of the GMPLS-based metro core network by (1) considering the whole traffic flow hierarchy defined in GMPLS, and (2) maintaining the color-continuity constraint for all optical flows. We call such a planning problem the routing and multi-granular paths assignment (RMGPA). The objective of the problem is to minimize the total weighted port count in the metro core network. The problem is formulated as an MILP model. Due to the computational complexity of the problem, the MILP model is solved for small-sized problems.


We present deep and precise multi-band photometry of the Galactic bulge globular cluster NGC 6528. The current data set includes optical and near-infrared images collected with ACS/WFC, WFC3/UVIS, and WFC3/IR on board the Hubble Space Telescope. The images cover a time interval of almost 10 yr, and we have been able to carry out a proper-motion separation between cluster and field stars. We performed a detailed comparison in the m F814W, m F606W − m F814W color–magnitude diagram with two empirical calibrators observed in the same bands. We found that NGC 6528 is coeval with and more metal-rich than 47 Tuc. Moreover, it appears older and more metal-poor than the super-metal-rich open cluster NGC 6791. The current evidence is supported by several diagnostics (red horizontal branch, red giant branch bump, shape of the sub-giant branch, slope of the main sequence) that are minimally affected by uncertainties in reddening and distance. We fit the optical observations with theoretical isochrones based on a scaled-solar chemical mixture and found an age of 11 ± 1 Gyr and an iron abundance slightly above solar ([Fe/H] = +0.20). The iron abundance and the old cluster age further support the recent spectroscopic findings suggesting a rapid chemical enrichment of the Galactic bulge.


We propose that synchronized triggering of star formation in gas-rich galaxies is possible during major mergers of cluster of galaxies, based on new numerical simulations of the time evolution of the physical properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) during such a merger event. Our numerical simulations show that the external pressure of the ICM, in which cluster member galaxies are embedded, can increase significantly during cluster merging. As such, efficient star formation can be triggered in gas-rich members as a result of the strong compression of their cold gas by the increased pressure. We also suggest that these star-forming galaxies can subsequently be transformed into post-starburst galaxies, with their spatial distribution within the cluster being different than that of the rest of the population. We discuss whether this possible merger-induced enhancement in the number of star-forming and post-star-forming cluster galaxies is consistent with the observed evolution of galaxies in merging clusters.


This paper deals with the passive suffix -na (or -ŋa) in Purepecha, an isolate spoken in Michoacan, Mexico. The suffix serves to derive passives, causing the valency of the predicate to be reduced by one participant. The syntactic effect is the promotion of the patient of a transitive clause or the recipient of a ditransitive to subject of the sentence. Until recently, the introduction of an agent was not possible. Nowadays, however, some speakers find passive constructions with overt expression of agents acceptable. The paper addresses two main topics: the behavior of subjects in both active and passive constructions, and the different strategies for dealing with the reintroduction of the old agent into the previous agentless passives.


This work is part of an ongoing research project developed by the Department of Human Geography, School of History, based at the Research Centre of the Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities (CIFFyH), National University of Cordoba. It addresses the problem of spatialities and temporalities, inserted in the context of new approaches to research in the field of geography in the concrete territorial in the Campus of the National University of Cordoba. Based on the concept of geographical space as a product and social construction, integral time, the analysis tries to incorporate the subjective dimensions. The reference is to the experiences that are located in the structuring and structured a series of spatial and temporal dimensions that articulate the space of fear, constituting the landscape "invisible" that generate insecurity and, in all its materiality, the individual rebel perceived, and represents the experience. It is then, to analyze how the landscape, with its wealth of content and form, guides the particular practices of different social actors through the daily movement in space-time experience, can identify invisible spaces of fear; that is, visible from these sites objective and subjective conditions that different actors warn of this problem and incorporate it into the management agenda.


Study design, materials and methods A qualitative study design in which twenty women participating in the trial and one focus group interview was conducted. Women were encouraged to discuss and explore their willingness to participate in the study, their views of the use of hormone replacement therapy, menopause, pelvic organ prolapse and its effect on quality of life, the use of a placebo and their views on clinical trials. In addition, we explored reason as to why postmenopausal women decline participation. Qualitative content analysis was performed to develop a series of coding units from the interview process. We identified key descriptive themes within the qualitative data. The coding categories were systematically approached and data analysis conducted. Thematic analysis, involving a rigorous process of qualitative coding, enabled iterative development and validation of emergent themes


In Zimbabwe, people in resettled villages trust each other less than people in nonresettled villages. This does not appear to be due to differences in socially transmitted rules of behaviour. Further, there are good reasons to believe that it is not due to the self-selection of a particular type of person into resettlement. Rather, the variations appear to be due simply to a lack of familiarity and to the consequentially greater uncertainty faced by resettled villagers when trying to predict each other's behaviour in strategic situations. The most likely reasons for this relate to the difference in the density of kinship networks in the two types of village. In resettled villages they are less dense. Status: This paper is forthcoming as a chapter in Cooperation, Reciprocity and Punishment: Experiments in 15 Small Scale Societies edited by J. Henrich, J., R. Boyd, S. Bowles, C. Camerer, H. Gintis, R. McElreath, and E. Fehr. Book manuscript under review at Princeton University Press.


The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adalimumab on the expression level of mRNA and protein TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐17, IL12A, IL12B, and IL23A in the culture of normal human fibroblasts, in which the LPS inflammation process was induced. The NHDF culture was exposed to the effect of LPS in the concentrations of 1, 2, and 10 μg/mL for 2, 8, and 24 hour periods, and then adalimumab was added at the concentration of 8 μg/mL, it was then incubated for 2, 8, and 24 hour. Cells unexposed to LPS and adalimumab constituted the control. The microarray expression techniques, RTqPCR, and ELISA assay were used. Irrespectively of the concentration of LPS used and the incubation time of it with cells overexpression of the analyzed genes is present, with increasing factor concentration used to induce inflammation and incubation time with it, expression of the assessed genes was greater. In turn, adding the anti‐TNF drug to the culture caused the silencing of the expression of the mRNAs and proteins. It was confirmed that LPS and adalimumab above all affect the expression of genes and proteins dependent on the interaction of IL‐12 with receptors, which are TNF‐α and IFN‐γ, and to a lesser extent also modulate IL‐17.


A macroscopic study of The System of Military Titles must see the important value of The System of Military Titles formed in the process of implementation. Liu Bang made use of The System of Military Titles to resolve two major crises in a row and finally stabilized the political situation. Since then, the importance of The System of Military Titles has been enhanced. The political and economic interests enjoyed by the people in the Han Dynasty were all based on The System of Military Titles, not on the official position. The rich funerary objects of M147 in tushantun, Shandong Province, are the best proof of the military merit system.


It is difficult for students and teachers to detect and correct logic errors in source code. Compilers and integrated development environments (IDEs) have the ability to detect and correct syntax errors but it is also difficult for them to detect and correct logic errors. Although many machine learning approaches have been proposed that can show correction candidates for logic errors, they do not provide guidance concerning how the user should fix them. In this paper, we propose a model for correcting logic errors in a given source code. The proposed model realizes debugging of multiple logic errors in the source code by iterative trials of identifying the errors, correcting the errors, and testing the source code. In this model, in the first stage, a list of correction candidates is provided by a deep learning model, and then the list is given to an editing operation predictor that predicts the editing operation for the correction candidate. To learn the internal parameters of the proposed model, we use a set of solution codes created to solve the corresponding programming tasks in a real e-learning system. To verify the usefulness of the proposed model, we apply it to 32 programming tasks. Experimental results show that the correction accuracy is, on average, 58.64% higher than that of the conventional model without iterative trials.


Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows:
1. assess and evaluate the challenges affecting a mobile food aggregator platform's business model and its effect on the customer journey in a developing market;
2. understand the relationship between the different stakeholders on such platform, namely, restaurants, end-users and the platform itself, and its implication on the customer journey; and
3. develop different potential marketing strategies under that business context that can be implemented and replicated in a given emerging market.

Case overview/synopsis
Zomato is an online restaurant aggregator and food delivery company that provides information, menus and user reviews of restaurants. While Zomato was growing exponentially in terms of number of users and listed restaurants, the platform had to constantly reinvent itself to stay competitive in light of increasingly aggressive competitors that were launching into the different markets it serves. Maya, the country manager of Zomato Lebanon, faced a key dilemma deciding which potential strategy to replicate from head office into the local market that would help her fend off rising competitors while still increasing the size of the market.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used mainly in senior undergraduate-level business school students. The case can be taught in courses covering marketing and strategy.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.


High-resolution spaceborne P-band SAR has broad prospects in the future due to its penetrating capabilities. However, conventional imaging methods are no longer suitable for high-resolution P-band SAR because of ionospheric effects including dispersion and scintillation. In this paper, an imaging compensation scheme with modified Chirp Scaling (CS) has been proposed, correcting ionospheric effects by a new spectrum segmentation method and Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA). The effectiveness of the proposed compensation scheme for high-resolution P-band SAR has been verified by point target and scene simulation with ALOS-PALSAR data.


In order to predict the probability and the delaying time of borehole collapse in coal seam after drilling,analysis was accomplished from the view of pore pressure and seepage combining with fracture mechanics.Based on the characteristic that cleats were abundant in coal seam,the influence of pore pressure on stresses of cleats was analyzed,indicating that pore pressure only influences the normal stresses of cleat surface and has no impact on the tangential shear stresses.Using the data from field production in a CBM well,the influence of pore pressure changes on stability of coal rock was analyzed,indicating that contents of coal fines in drained water increases as pore pressure decreases.Pore pressure changes due to seepage in underbalanced drilling or overbalanced drilling and the time delay effect due to the pore pressure changes were discussed.The fluid-solid coupling during drilling was numerically simulated,and the relationship between pore pressure and time was fitted.On the basis of the above researches,the time delay effect on borehole stability was analyzed quantitatively and the equation for computing the delaying time was posed by means of borehole stability theory in fracture mechanics.The study demonstrates that the time delay effect exists absolutely in borehole stability in coal seams.The pore pressure changes are the main factor on time delay effect,while cleats are the internal cause.


Abstract : The supply of fish fry and fingerlings is of primary concern to the fish culturing industry. In order to increase the supply, it is necessary to improve rearing techniques. The first of many parts to this program is to improve pond condition. It is recommended that rearing ponds be drained and cleaned once a year. The cleaning process involves treatment with various chemical substances, and simple mud removal (dredging). This reduces the incidence of disease, eliminates pest species and other harmful organisms, and facilitates repair of the pond's structure. Many different chemicals can be used, although lime and bleaching powder seem to be the most effective. The second area to be considered is that of fry nutrition. Different species of fry have different food preferences. For this reason, they can be found in different areas of the pond. For each species of fish, slightly different pond and fertilizer conditions are considered optimal. The basic fertilizers used are grass, cow manure, soybean milk, and peanut cakes. Recent experiments using human sewage have proven very successful, with exciting prospects for the future. A third consideration is the selection of a suitable rearing pond. Characteristics of a good pond are: an ample water source, appropriate size and depth, circular shape, level bottom, non-leaking, and plenty of sunlight.


A novel method for decoupling the elements in a phased-array antenna is proposed. The antenna elements are decoupled by embedding non-radiating coupled resonators between the elements. The coupling through the resonators cancels the coupling through the air and substrate. By properly designing the resonance frequency of the resonators, proper transmission zeros can be created within the operating bandwidth and wide bandwidth of isolation can be created. A mutual coupling reduction of more than 10 dB is achieved over the entire operating bandwidth.


A well known feature of insurance systems is that they reduce incentives to avoid loss. This feature is known as moral hazard. Unfortunately the term has normative overtones; this is particularly unfortunate in the present application to industrial injury insurance since the conclusions can lead to very different welfare conclusions. The term has, in fact, been used in the normative sense to describe behaviour which is considered morally improper or even illegal [l]. However, a more useful interpretation for current purposes simply describes the behavioural effects of insurance cover and their effect on loss experience. This paper examines, in the neutral sense, the disincentive effects of the National Insurance injuries scheme on absence from work.


Stability of Structures XV-th Symposium is a task financed under the agreement 953/P-DUN/2018 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland, designated for science dissemination activities


Compared to verbal predicates,the structure between nominal predicates and their roles in Semantic Role Labeling(SRL) is more flexible and complex.In this paper,some new word-related and syntactic features were explored from various nominal predicate-specific features to capture the structure information for nominal SRL.The experimental results show that the proposed nominal SRL system achieved the performance of 73.99 in F1-measure on gold parse trees and gold predicates,and outperformed the state-of-the-art nominal SRL.However,the performance dropped to 57.16 in F1-measure on automatic parse trees and automatic predicates.Finally,the training data were augmented with verbal SRL instances to examine whether nominal SRL could benefit from verbal instances.The experimental result show,however,adding verbal SRL instances does indeed improve the performance of nominal SRL,although the improvement is not statistically significant.


The invention discloses environment-friendly and energy-saving emulsification clean diesel oil. The diesel oil is prepared by mixing and blending an emulsifier, a detergent dispersant, a preservative, a combustion improver, a stabilizer, a pour point depressant, a lubricant, a high-energy catalyst, a mixed type surfactant, an additive, oleic acid, NaOH or KOH, water-soluble metal salt, water-soluble polymer compound polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a certain proportion, wherein the oleic acid and the NaOH or the KOH are used for adjusting the pH value to be neutral; and the water-soluble metal salt comprises sulfate, nitrate and chlorate. The invention has the advantages that: the clean diesel oil has readily available raw materials, a simple process, high stability and reliable using performance, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, does not discharge 'three wastes' (waste gas, waste water and waste residues), cleans a cylinder and reduces nozzle carbon deposits, the oil saving ratio reaches 20 to 30 percent, smoke intensity is reduced by 40 percent, harmful gas exhausted from tail gas is reduced by 80 percent, an engine cannot be corroded, and the like; and the clean diesel oil can be particularly used for emulsifying diesel oil in various models.


The multi-user detection technology uses the spread sequence, delay, amplitude and phase information of each user to jointly detect users, which can effectively suppress multiple access interference, It is one of the key technologies in satellite communication system to make full use of uplink spectrum resources and improve system performance and capacity. Continuous phase modulation spread signal can adapt to multi-user communication due to the random variation of spread sequence, which is gradually applied to satellite communication. QPSK-CPM spread modulation scheme is adopted in the random access channel of VHF data exchange system. Aiming at the multi-user detection problem of QPSK-CPM spread system, proposing a multi-user detection algorithm based on interference elimination joint Turbo iterative detection based on the characteristics of CPM spread sequence. Compared with the traditional serial interference cancellation algorithm, the algorithm can effectively eliminate the multiple access interference problem caused by user aliasing by using the characteristics of Turbo codes. The theoretical simulation shows that the algorithm has a good detection effect on multi-user aliased signals.


A famous conjecture of Caccetta and Häggkvist is that the girth g(D) of a simple digraph D on n vertices with minimal out-degree k is at most ⌈ k ⌉. A natural generalization was considered by Hompe [5]: is it true that in any simple digraph D, g(D) ≤ ⌈ψ(D)⌉, where ψ(D) = ∑ v∈V (D) 1 deg+(v) ? Hompe showed that this is true for graphs with maximal out-degree 2, and gave examples in which ψ(D) < (ln 2 + o(1))g(D) in general. Here we show that in any simple digraph D, g(D) < 2ψ(D). We also prove a result related to a rainbow version of the Caccetta-Häggkivst conjecture: let F1, F2, . . . , Fn be sets of edges in an undirected graph on n vertices, each of size at most 2. Then there exists a rainbow cycle of length at most ⌈ ∑ i≤n 1 |Fi| ⌉. This is a common generalization of a theorem of [4], in which |Fi| = 2 for all i, and Hompe's result mentioned above, on digraphs with maximal out-degree 2.


Under the treatment of two-way compound magnetic field +UV, the d eath rate and the mutation rate of autotrophy of Norcardia sp.HD9611 are ev idently higher than those only treated with UV . After the treatment of mag netic field +UV, the average enzymatic activity of strains we have isolated have an evident increase of 17.2% when compared with those treated only with U V .


The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is currently pursuing development of an international safeguards approach for the final disposal of spent fuel in geological repositories through consultants meetings and through the Program for Development of Safeguards for Final Disposal of Spent Fuel in Geological Repositories (SAGOR). The consultants meetings provide policy guidance to IAEA; SAGOR recommends effective approaches that can be efficiently implemented by IAEA. The SAGOR program, which is a collaboration of eight Member State Support Programs (MSSPs), was initiated in July 1994 and has identified 15 activities in each of three areas (i.e. conditioning facilities, active repositories, and closed repositories) that must be performed to ensure an efficient, yet effective safeguards approach. Two consultants meetings have been held: the first in May 1991 and the last in November 1995. For nuclear materials emplaced in a geological repository, the safeguards objectives were defined to be (1) to detect the diversion of spent fuel, whether concealed or unconcealed, from the repository and (2) to detect undeclared activities of safeguards concern (e.g., tunneling, underground reprocessing, or substitution in containers).


Many bioinformatics data sets have class-imbalanced data, where the number of samples in each class is not equal. Since most of data sets contain usual versus unusual cases, e.g. cancer versus normal or miRNAs versus other non-coding RNA, where the minority class with the least number of samples is the interesting class that contains the unusual cases. The learning models based on the standard classifiers, such as the support vector machine (SVM), random forest and k-NN are usually biased towards the majority class, which means that the classifier is most likely to predict the samples from the interesting class inaccurately. Thus, handling class-imbalanced data set has gained the researchers interests recently. A combination of proper feature selection, a cost-sensitive classifier and ensembling based on random forest method (BCE-CSC-RF) is proposed to handle the class-imbalanced data. Random class-balanced ensembles are built individually. Then, each ensemble is used as a training pool to classify the rest of out-bagged samples. Samples in each ensemble will be classified using class-sensitive classifier that incorporates random forest. The sample will be classified by selecting the most often class has been voted-for in all samples appearances in all the formed ensembles. A set of performance measurements including a geometric measurement suggests that the model can improve the classification of the minority class samples.


We characterize the set of properties of Boolean‐valued functions f:X→{0,1} on a finite domain X that are testable with a constant number of samples (x,f(x)) with x drawn uniformly at random from X . Specifically, we show that a property P is testable with a constant number of samples if and only if it is (essentially) a k‐part symmetric property for some constant k, where a property is k‐part symmetric if there is a partition X1,…,Xk of X such that whether f:X→{0,1} satisfies the property is determined solely by the densities of f on X1,…,Xk . We use this characterization to show that symmetric properties are essentially the only graph properties and affine‐invariant properties that are testable with a constant number of samples and that for every constant d≥1 , monotonicity of functions on the d‐dimensional hypergrid is testable with a constant number of samples.


The preoccupation of this essay is with the difficulties that have confronted judges throughout the Commonwealth in sustaining a purely results-based account of their role in reviewing public authority compatibility with human rights. Ultimately, in each of the jurisdictions to have adopted the so-called Commonwealth model of human rights protection, process-based considerations have insinuated themselves into the judicial supervision of administrative decision-making – albeit in strikingly different ways. This essay examines relevant developments in four jurisdictions – the United Kingdom, the State of Victoria, Canada and New Zealand.


Plant disease detection plays a crucial role in global agricultural production due to large losses in production caused by diseases. Thus, several approaches have been developed to detect diseases in plants at the initial stage of infection. In particular, a promising technique for the diagnosis of plant diseases at an early stage is Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). However, despite the potential for early disease detection, EIS is sensitive to environmental variables, including temperature, moisture, and solar irradiation. This paper presents a novel approach to EIS measurements aiming to circumvent its sensitivity to environmental variables. The proposed approach consists of distributing an EIS sensors network throughout the crop including the spatial dimension in the measurement system. The results show the proposed approach has the potential to circumvent the EIS measurement sensitivity to environmental variables.


We study the damping of collisionless Alfvénic turbulence in a strongly magnetised plasma by two mechanisms: stochastic heating (whose efficiency depends on the local turbulence amplitude $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}z_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ ) and linear Landau damping (whose efficiency is independent of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}z_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ ), describing in detail how they affect and are affected by intermittency. The overall efficiency of linear Landau damping is not affected by intermittency in critically balanced turbulence, while stochastic heating is much more efficient in the presence of intermittent turbulence. Moreover, stochastic heating leads to a drop in the scale-dependent kurtosis over a narrow range of scales around the ion gyroscale.


Buying and selling is an activity carried out by everyone to fulfill various needs of life, both
in the form of physical needs and spiritual needs. However, if the purchase has something
that deviates from the teachings of Islam or objects that are traded in the form of hair which is
a sacred part of the human body and not for sale, the problem that the author discusses is the
mechanism of buying and selling then what Islam views the transaction. This type of research
is field research, which is based on observation and interview techniques in an effort to
collect data. The results of the research conducted by the authors themselves draw the
conclusion that buying and selling is done at Zuma salons when viewed from objects in the
form of hair and when viewed in terms of objects become null or invalid because there is one
harmony and conditions are not fulfilled namely something that is traded banned by Islam.
Whereas the use of connecting hair (hair extension) is not permitted because the purpose of
using hair is only for beauty there is no other element. Hair is a sacred part of the human
body that does not contain impurity, but in terms of utilization of buying and selling does not
have any benefits. The benefits of this research are expected to add a new science about how
Islam regulates things properly including buying and selling, with this it is expected that
many people will then understand that selling belong is arranged so that it will benefit many
people.


Conventional and amplified fiber-based cavity ring-down techniques (CRDT) are demonstrated for the first time in the 2-m wavelength region. The evanescent field in tapered fibers, used as an intra-cavity element, is utilized to perform refractive index (RI) measurement. These longer wavelengths have larger mode field diameter. This results in larger value of the evanescent field and higher sensitivity, confirmed by the numerical simulations. The effect of tapered fiber diameter is investigated both numerically and experimentally. It is found that smaller diameters provide higher sensitivity. The best detection limit achieved experimentally is 4.8 105 RIU at RI of 1.31 with a tapered fiber of length 4mm and a diameter of 5.35m, in conjunction with amplified CRDT. The detection limit can be further improved when the cavity is designed with components and fiber that are optimized for minimal loss at these wavelengths.


Left-handed neutrinos interact attractively by Z-boson exchange. The Ginzburg-Landau mean field calculation and the Bogoliubov transformation suggest that the attractive force leads to neutrino pair condensate and neutrino super-fluidity. Neutrinos, as defined by quasi-particle in the super-fluid phase, behave as massless fermions. When the result of super-fluid formation is applied to the early universe, horizon scale pair condensate may become a component of dark energy. A further accretion of other fermions from thermal cosmic medium gives a seed of primordial neutron stars consisting of proton, neutron, electron, and neutrino in beta-equilibrium, surrounded by left-handed neutrino pair condensate. This possibility may provide a mechanism of giving a part or the whole of the dark matter in the present universe, if a properly chosen small fraction condenses to neutrino super-fluid and primordial neutron star not to over-close the universe. The proposal can be verified by measuring neutrino burst at primordial neutron star formation and by detecting super-fluid relic neutrinos in atomic experiments at laboratories. tools statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics, the Ginzburg-Landau theory and the Bogoliubov transformation. Results suggest that super-fluid formation is likely to occur in much the same way as condensate formation of the electron Cooper pair in superconductivity of metals. It is likely that the early universe at temperatures below 100 GeV is made of a mixed phase of ideal gas and a small fraction of super-fluid neutrino pair condensates. Crucial question on observable consequences of super-fluid neutrinos in PNS remains to be studied, but the proposal can be verified by high statistics data of neutrino burst at PNS formation.


The biocompatibility of the nanostructured wafer to place the conjunctival sac, is provided. The wafer organization comprises a mesh formed of a mucous adhesive polymer and a plurality of hydrophobic polymer fibers of the reactivity. In addition, a method for treating glaucoma, ocular surface disorders, or ocular surface infections using biocompatible wafer of the nano-structure is provided. The scanning duration available for the treatment of eye disease - the release agent is disclosed. The formulation comprises the drug and the tissue contained in the plurality of fine particles formed from a biodegradable polymer is coated with a reactive compound. In addition, a method is provided for treating eye disorders by injection of sustained release formulations microparticles.


We define a class of weighted Besov spaces and we obtain a characterization of this class by means of an appropriate class of weighted Lipschitz ϕ spaces. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We present a first-principles study of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of four conjugated polymers, poly(p-phenylene) (PPP), poly(2,7-fluorene) (PF), poly(2,7-carbazole) (PC), and poly(2,7-borafluorene) (PBF), and of their isolated constituent molecules. All the calculations were done using density-functional theory (DFT) with a plane-wave basis set, pseudopotentials, and local exchange-correlation energy. Resemblances in the atomic structures of the systems studied allow us to make correspondences between their wave functions near the Fermi energy. The dihedral angles of the polymers under consideration are all similar, varying between 26° and 27°. In agreement with experimental data, we find smaller energy gaps for carbazole and borafluorene compared to biphenyl and fluorene, which is due to differences in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) wave functions. However, for the polymers, the experimental gap for PC was found to be al...


SUMMARY
Rubbery rot (Oospora lactis) of potatoes occurred in Wales in 1967/8. Field observations and infection studies indicated that infection is most likely to occur under warm wet conditions.


Summary: the results of medical treatment of 417 patients with purulent complications of the syndrome of diabetic foot have been observed. The obtained results testify to the negative flow of wound process and the increase of the risk of high amputations with critical limb ischemia.


The authors present a model for data-dependent data-flow in regular processor arrays. This model is suitable for parallel implementation of nested-loop programs in which all but a few of the dependencies are constant. The model consists of a regular data routing architecture that matches the regular architecture of the deterministic part of the nested-loop program so that they can be merged. Due to the data-dependent behavior of the router part of the architecture, this part has to operate asynchronously.<<ETX>>


Objective To evaluate endothelial function in brachial artery of residents at high altitude for different living time with color Doppler ultrasound.Methods Before and after reactive hyperemia,the internal diameter,blood flow rate,volume of blood flow,index of vascular resistance(RI),heart rate and flow-mediated endothelium dependent dilation(EDD) of brachial artery in 294 residents living at the altitude above 3000 m for different living time were detected by the portable color Doppler ultrasound with the frequency of 7.5-12.0 MHz.Results The basic internal diameters of brachial artery in residents living in high-altitude area were(3.97 ± 0.41) mm for 1-2 years,(3.87 ± 0.30) mm for 3-4 years,and(3.69 ± 0.57) mm for those living for 5 years,respectively.The basic internal diameter in the group of subjects living more than five years was lower than that in the control group(P 0.05).The dilation extents of internal diameters in brachial artery which was in reactive hyperemia state were(12.42 ± 3.13) % for 1-2 years,(11.62 ± 1.03) % for 3-4 years and(10.30 ± 1.02) % for those living more than five years respectively.The dilation extents in the group of subjects living more than five years were lower than those in the control group(P 0.01).Conclusion The indicators of brachial artery are various with the different living time of hight-altitued residents.EDD is reduced in the population living longer at high altitude and hypoxia atmosphere.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of impacted mandibular second molar (MM2) and the association between MM2 impaction and crowding. The clinical significance of the angle between first and second mandibular molar and of the space between the first mandibular molar (MM1) and the anterior margin of mandibular ramus in MM2 impaction were also evaluated. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study , from the dental records of 2,945 caucasian young orthodontics patients, 40 subjects with MM2 impaction were included in a study group (SG) and compared with a control group (CG) of 200 subjects without MM2 impactions. The crowding, the angle of inclination of MM2, the distance between MM1 and mandibular ramus, the canine and molar relationships, and the lower centre line discrepancy were measured. For the statistical analysis , descriptive statistics and t-Student for independent sample groups were used. Results: The prevalence of impacted MM2 was 1.36%. The independent-Samples t-Test between SG and CG showed: the presence of crowding (P≤0.001), an higher angle values of MM2 inclination (P≤0.001) and a smaller distance between MM1 and the anterior margin of mandibular ramus (P≤0.001) in the SG. Conclusion: The impaction of MM2 is a relatively rare occurrence in orthodontic caucasian populations. The crowding, a higher angle values of MM2 inclination and a reduced distance between MM1 and the anterior margin of mandibular ramus, at the time of one third of MM2 root formation (T1), characterize MM2 impaction. Key words:Impacted mandibular second molar, impaction, orthodontics.


This article reviews the book Science and Technology on the Internet PLUS. (Internet Workshop Series Number 4) Berkeley, CA: Library Solutions Press, 1995, by Gail Clement.


Abstract When socially isolated from siblings, newly hatched chicks emit distress calls at a high frequency. As a step toward identifying brain mechanisms responsible for recognition of conspecifics, we analyzed sensory cues critical for suppressing distress calls in socially isolated quail chicks at post-hatch day 2 to 4. Each subject of wild-type chicks was reared with another wild-type companion chick for 1–2 nights before tests. As the first step, we found that distress call was completely suppressed when accompanied by another wild-type chick, irrespective of whether the subject had previously been familiarized with the chick or not. When paired with an albino chick, on the other hand, the subject emitted significantly more calls, suggesting that the wild-type plumage is important. As the next step, in search of the critical sensory modality, we found that visual display of a conspecific chick suppressed the distress call even without accompanying acoustical stimuli. On the other hand, the acoustical stimuli alone were without effects. Olfactory as well as tactile sensations also proved irrelevant. As the final step, we tried to identify the significant sub-modalities in the visual images of conspecifics. Degraded visual image of a moving chick (degraded in fine details) caused a significant but incomplete suppression, whereas an anesthetized chick was without effects. On the other hand, distress calls were completely suppressed even without behavioral correspondence or exact plumage coloration. All of these data suggest that visual image of a moving chick should be given at a high spatial resolution, and wild-type plumage pattern might provide important visual cues.


116 total hip replacements were performed for 112 patients in our clinic since 1974. 29 hips in 28 patients with the average age of 58 years old who received Charnleys low friction arthroplasty more than five years ago were reviewed.In the follow up study, operated hips were evaluated using the scale for osteoarthritis of the hip joint adopted by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Radiological examination was performed using postoperative radiological evaluation scale offered by four department of orthopaedic surgery in Japan. Results showed that preoperative total average score of 40.9 points was improved to 84.6 points postoperatively with marked improvement in relief of pain and ability to walk. Radiological loosening was noticed in the acetabular component in two cases and femoal component three cases. Early and late infections and revision were not experienced.


Carbon‐13 NMR data of [5]metacyclophane (1a), its 8,11‐dihalosubstituted derivatives 1b‐1d and of some model compounds are reported and discussed. A remarkable downfield shift is observed for the aromatic carbon between the bridging carbons; this is tentatively ascribed to long‐range effects of the bridge and to the bending of the aromatic ring.


We propose a multi-focus image fusion method. The energy of Laplacian of input images is obtained to decide which portions of the input images are in better focus, and the majority filter offers a means of spreading the focused regions to neighborhood. The edge-preserving guided image filter is applied to reduce the block effect. We conduct several experiments which demonstrate that it provided a better performance than the state of the art fusion methods in visual and quantitative evaluations. © 2015 ISSN.


The pixel circuit includes first, second and third transistors, and first and second capacitors, wherein the first transistor is controlled by a scan line and arranged to be controlled to the data line and the first capacitor and the second transistor a gate electrode coupled to the second transistor controlled by the first voltage and the second capacitor is provided, the third transistor controlled by the scan line and is arranged to be controllably coupled to the first power supply and a second capacitor, and coupling the first power source by the second transistor may be controlled.


In this paper we introduce a two-scale model for the numerical simulation of the human lung. The airflow in the upper, resolvable part of the human lungs is modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations, which couple to a dyadic bronchiole tree model through boundary conditions. This model depends mainly on the generation, where the inlet is located, and the radius of the bronchiole at this generation. In the bronchioles a linear flow is assumed, hence the Hagen-Poiseuille formula can be applied. The pressure at the alveoles and the starting resistance for the dyadic tree are used as input parameters. To illustrate the approach, we simulate a patient-specific human lung geometry with a Lattice-Boltzmann method and show qualitative convergence results for the pressure drop as well as a comparison with Neumann boundary conditions that are commonly used in one-scale models. Results for an overall flux of Q=150 ml/s, which corresponds to a Reynolds number of R=1650 are presented.


This paper presents vibration control of a tracked vehicle installed with electrorheological suspension units (ERSU). As a first step, a double-rod type ERSU is designed on the basis of the Bingham model of commercially available ER fluid, and its spring and damping characteristics are evaluated with respect to the intensity of electric fields. Subsequently, a 16 degree-of-freedom model for a tracked vehicle featuring the ERSU is established followed by the formulation of a new sky-ground hook controller. This controller takes account for both ride quality and steering stability by adopting a weighting parameter between two performance requirements. The parameter is appropriately determined by employing a fuzzy algorithm associated with two fuzzy variables: the vertical speed of the body and the rotational angular speed of the wheel. Control performances to isolate the vibration from bump and random road excitations are evaluated through computer simulations.


Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar technology is now relatively mature, with numerous systems in service on air, land, sea and space platforms. There is an increasing drive to expand the multi-functionality of systems both within traditional radar frequency bands and, increasingly, by the adoption of wideband or multi-band technologies. These developments present major technical and engineering challenges in implementing optimised solutions within cost and installation constraints. Major enablers are a modular, scalable approach which limits non-recurring expenditure, and a drive to re-use technologies in as many applications as possible. Selex ES operates across the land, sea and air domains and has developed a `design once use many times' design philosophy which has already delivered significant benefits. This paper describes the current state-of-the-art in AESA radar systems in Selex ES, and considers future developments, especially wideband multifunction systems and common technical approaches across the land, sea and air domains.


Review(s) of: Hymenoptera: Evolution, biodiversity and biological control, by editors: Andrew D. Austin and Mark Dowton, CSIRO Publishing, October 2000, xi + 468 pp, hardback, Price $165, ISBN 0 643 06610 1.


A Laboratory Exercise to Demonstrate Direct and Indirect Shoot Organogenesis from Leaves of Torenia fournieri Classroom Exercises in the Study of Orchardgrass Somatic Embryogenesis Laboratory Exercises Illustrating Organogenesis and Transformation using Chrysanthemum both direct and indirect shoot organogenesis from internodes of Myriophyllum aquaticum. Myriophyllum is a plant that responds quickly in vitro and is easy to establish, grow, and store on agar-solidified medium. Mark Bridgen presents another laboratory exercise to demonstrate direct and indirect organogenesis, but, in this procedure, organogenesis arises from leaf explants of Torenia fournieri. The in vitro production of adventitious shoots from Torenia is easy to control, seeds are inexpensive and easy to obtain, and plants are easy to grow. The laboratory also allows modifications to learn about where callus originates on the explant, if abaxial or adaxial surfaces affect organogenesis, and what effect the size of the explant has on organogenesis. For those instructors who are bored with carrot somatic embryogenesis, Dennis Gray supplies an exercise for somatic embryogenesis of Dactylis glomerata. The exercise leads students through aspects of culture initiation, maintenance, and plant regeneration. This project with orchard grass not only demonstrates an interesting plant tissue culture procedure, it also helps to relate to the students the practical and economical impor-tance of cell culture. Finally, for those instructors that want a little more "biotechnology" in their classes, Robert Trigiano presents a versatile laboratory on the transformation and organogenesis of a popular floricultural species—Dendranthema grandiflora. Not only does the laboratory illustrate organogenesis and transformation, but the protocol explains five variations that can be used to demonstrate other concepts. Summary . tissue culture laboratory exercise illustrating regeneration of whole plants from leaf segments of chrysanthemum by organogenesis is described. Using simple, common media, shoots can be generated in 5 weeks and rooted after an additional 3 weeks. Acclimatization of plants can


Summary

Yams (the tubers of Dioscorea spp.) are widely consumed but are also regarded as a medicinal food in China. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines using yams are only available on a seasonal basis, as yams quickly deteriorate during winter storage. Yam (Dioscorea purpurea, a major variety of yams in Taiwan) was freeze-dried and ground to obtain yam flour. Bread was made by replacing up to 25% of wheat flour with yam flour. Although the loaf volume decreased with the addition of yam flour, the results showed that up to 20% of yam flour could be included in bread formulation without altering the sensory acceptance of the blended bread. The incorporation of yam flour in bread markedly increased the antioxidant capacity of the bread as tested by both DPPH free radical scavenging and total antioxidation tests. Breads containing yam flour can broaden the utilization of yams and may be regarded as possible health-promoting foods.


Purpose of the study: The posterior paraspinal approach to the lumbar spine was initially described and promoted by Wiltse for posterolateral arthrodesis of the lumbosacral junction in patients with spondylolisthesis. Despite technical improvements proposed by Wiltse, the muscular cleavage is still poorly localized in the sacrospinalis muscle. The purpose of this work was to provide a more accurate anatomic description of this spinal approach and to describe anatomic landmarks to facilitate execution of the procedure. Material and methods: Fifty anatomic specimens were dissected (27 male and 23 female cadavers); 33 had been embalmed. The anatomy study used a bilateral approach to the spine. The exact anatomic localization of the muscle cleavage was noted. Measures were taken in relation to the mid line of the L4 spinatus process. Results: In all specimens, the muscle cleavage lay between the multifidus and longissimus heads of the sacrospinalis muscle. A fibrous partition was noted in 88 of the 100 specimens. The mean distance from the mid line to the cleavage line was 4.04 cm (range 2.4–7.0 cm). The surface of the sacrospinalis muscle presented fine perforating arteries and veins in all specimens, directly in line with the cleavage plane. In 12 cases, a major posterior sensorial branch of the L3 nerve running to the skin was identified in the cranial portion of the approach. Discussion: The muscle cleavage plane appears to be easy to localize for the paraspinal approach to the lumbosacral junction. Opening the aponeurosis of the latissimus dorsi near the mid line enables visualization of the perforating vessels in line with the anatomic cleavage plane of the sacrospinalis muscle. In our experience, this plane is situated on average 4 cm from the mid line. Hemostasis of these vessels is acceptable since the sacrospinalis muscle has a rich supply of anastomosed vessels. Care must be taken to avoid injury to the posterior sensorial branch of the L3 nerve which runs along the plane of the muscle cleavage. Conclusion: In our opinion, this minimally hemorrhagic approach is perfectly adapted to non-instrumented fusion of the lumbosacral junction, particularly for spondylolisthesis in children and adults. Precise knowledge of the anatomy of this approach is a necessary prerequisite for successful execution.


State estimation in electric power grid is vulnerable to false data injection attacks, and diagnosing such kind of malicious attacks has significant impacts on ensuring reliable operations for power systems. In this paper, the false data detection problem is viewed as a matrix separation problem. By noticing the intrinsic low dimensionality of temporal measurements of power grid states as well as the sparse nature of false data injection attacks, a novel false data detection mechanism is proposed based on the separation of nominal power grid states and anomalies. Two methods, the nuclear norm minimization and low rank matrix factorization, are presented to solve this problem. It is shown that proposed methods are able to identify proper power system operation states as well as detect the malicious attacks, even under the situation that collected measurement data is incomplete. Numerical simulation results both on the synthetic and real data validate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.


C. D. LEAKE, Ph. D. (University of California Medical School, San Francisco).-In extending Heyman's phamacologic studies on the fever-producing properties of nitrated naphthols to include alphadinitrophenol, Doctor Tainter and his associates recognized its probable extensive clinical application, particularly in obesity. They have been properly careful in repeatedly warning against its possible toxic reactions, and have carefully attempted to indicate what these may be by appropriate experimental studies. Unfortunately, the results of laboratory experimental work frequently do not coincide with what is often well-founded clinical opinion. Thus, it was pointed out by Anderson, Reed and Emerson (Journal of the American Medical Association, 101:1053, 1933), that Perkins had shown that munition workers exposed to dinitrophenol were particularly likely to show toxic effects if they had renal or hepatic disease or chronic rheumatism (Public Health Reports, 34:2335, 1919). French pathologists, according to Perkins, found fatty infiltration of the liver on postmortem examination on human beings presumably dying from dinitrophenol poisoning. Koelsch on experimental evidence thought dinitrophenol might cause fatty degeneration of the liver (Zentralbl. f. Gewerbehyg., 4:261, 1927). Doctor Tainter and his associates now find in very careful experiments that the continued administration of dinitrophenol to dogs produces no significant liver injury. The situation reminds one somewhat of the discrepancy between clinical opinion and experimental evidence in regard to the effect of cinchophen on the liver, and also in regard to the problem of "alcoholic cirrhosis." Certainly I think it is desirable to have all the evidence possible regarding opinions on the action of dinitrophenol. The fact remains, however, with respect to its clinical application, that it should be used with due respect for the fundamental clinical proposition that the hazard of treatment should never be permitted to exceed the hazard of the disease. Obesity is not a hazardous disease in any sense except in isolated instances. It would seem that the opinion of Anderson, Reed, and Emerson is still sound, namely, that "it is yet to be demonstrated that this drug is as safe and satisfactory for weight reduction in human beings as other methods in common use."p


Passengers' comfort in long road trips is of crucial importance1 as a result, active suspension control became a vital subject in recent researches. This paper studies the control of an electrohydraulic active suspension, based on a combination of backstepping and integrator forwarding. Our goal is to control and reduce the car's vertical motion and keep it to zero. The active suspension model is highly nonlinear and nondifferentiable due to the hydraulic components, especially the servovalve and the hydraulic actuator whose chambers' volume varies during extension and retraction. Therefore, a powerful control strategy is required. In such cases, Lyapunov-based control strategies are the most suitable for offering a lot of maneuverability in building an analytical control signal. The mathematical model of an electrohydraulic active suspension can be classified among interlaced systems. This means that the state space model is a sequence of feedback and feedforward equations. Therefore, interlaced backstepping and integrator forwarding is an optimal control strategy to stabilize this class of systems, particularly electrohydraulic active suspension. Afterwards, we will introduce and define this constructive control method and its basis. The foremost advantage of this interlaced strategy is that, unlike others, it leaves no internal dynamic. This is a great relief in control issues, because an unstable internal dynamic will destabilize the whole system whatever control method is being used. As will be demonstrated, the interlaced backstepping and integrator forwarding is an outstanding control strategy to compensate the effect of chaotic roads on the stability of cars. The results are compared with a classic Proportional-Integral-Derivative regulator and a sliding mode controller, to show that the proposed controller outperforms a range of existing controllers for a range of perturbation signals.


The purpose of this study is 1 ) to describe the implementation of the marketing mix program STMIK Surakarta.2 Nations Ambassador ) to analyze the effect of marketing mix program STMIK Nations Ambassador Surakarta against interest in. SMA.3 for graduate students ) to analyze the most dominant variables affect the interest of incoming graduate students SMA to STMIK Nations Ambassador Surakarta. The analysis showed that the variables that signifi cantly affect the decision making of students entering in STMIK Nations Ambassador is a product, location, promotion, personnel and process. Moderate variables did not signifi cantly in the decision making of students is the price and physical condition. In this study, there are still shortcomings that need to be reviewed, so that further research can be expected to complement or even enhance the research that has been done before.


Rhapsody (02-45Cn5) winter husked oat submitted to UK NL in 2009 added to UK NL on 30 Nov 2011. Was then submitted to RL in 2011 Added to HGCA Recommended List 2013


In this paper we use a diffeo-geometric framework based on manifolds that are locally modeled on "convenient" vector spaces to study the geometry of some infinite dimensional spaces. Given a finite dimensional symplectic manifold (M,!), we construct a weak symplectic structure on each leaf Iw of a foliation of the space of compact oriented isotropic submanifolds in M equipped with top degree forms of total measure 1. These forms are called weightings and such manifolds are said to be weighted. We show that this symplectic structure on the particular leaves consisting of weighted Lagrangian submani- folds is equivalent to a heuristic weak symplectic structure of Weinstein (Adv. Math. 82 (1990), 133-159). When the weightings are positive, these symplectic spaces are symplec- tomorphic to reductions of a weak symplectic structure of Donaldson (Asian J. Math. 3 (1999), 1-15) on the space of embeddings of a fixed compact oriented manifold into M. When M is compact, by generalizing a moment map of Weinstein we construct a symplec- tomorphism of each leaf Iw consisting of positive weighted isotropic submanifolds onto a coadjoint orbit of the group of Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms of M equipped with the Kirillov-Kostant-Souriau symplectic structure. After defining notions of Poisson algebras and Poisson manifolds, we prove that each space Iw can also be identified with a symplectic leaf of a Poisson structure. Finally, we discuss a kinematic description of spaces of weighted submanifolds.


Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is defined by the presence of hives three or more times weekly for at least 6 weeks, with no identifiable trigger.


This paper presents a normalization method that allows the comparison between data taken from different eddy current experiments. The experimental data were acquired by scanning an aluminum plate containing a machined long crack. Results show that with two data sets acquired for orthogonal directions of sensor orientation it is possible to preview the data for any other measurement direction.