EDITORS, We read with interest the review by Mahzar and Russo about noninvasive prognostic tests for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).1 Although rare, PSC is a serious disease, associated with potentially lethal complications, notably cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma.2 Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for PSC and median transplantfree survival is approximately 1221 years after diagnosis.3 Identification of prognostic factors is essential for tailoring the followup strategies and testing new therapeutic modalities in homogeneous groups of PSC patients. As detailed in this review, over the last 20 years, different teams across the world, including ours, have identified several noninvasive prognostic tests for PSC patients.1 First, our team demonstrated in a large retrospective study that liver stiffness measured by vibrationcontrolled transient elastography (VCTE) was an independent predictive marker of survival in PSC patients.4 Next, we built 2 magnetic resonance (MR) risk scores (with and without gadoliniumbased contrast agent [GBCA] administration),5 called Anali scores, and showed that they were able to predict adverse outcomefree survival (defined by survival without liver transplantation or cirrhosis decompensation) in two large international independent cohorts of PSC patients.6 Furthermore, we showed that Anali score without GBCA and VCTE have a complementary prognostic value so that their use in combination allows easy risk stratification of PSC patients.7 In their review, Mahzar and Russo compared the prognostic performance of eight different noninvasive tests and showed that Anali scores were the second best prognostic markers after the PSC Risk Estimate Tool (PREsTo).8 However, the comparison of the area under the curve of the prognostic tests is methodologically debatable because the design of the studies and their primary outcomes were different. Mahzar and Russo wrote in their summary that Anali scores are associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma. However, in our studies (Anali scores with or without VCTE), the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma was not recorded as an adverse outcome, but only death or liver transplantation, that can potentially be caused by cholangiocarcinoma.6,7 This correction is important to be made for the appropriate use of Anali scores. Since surveillance for hepatobiliary cancer was reported to improve outcomes in PSC,9 MR cholangiography (MRC) is recommended for systematic surveillance of PSC patients.10 However, no MRC features in PSC have been shown to associate with the risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma. In their discussion, Mahzar and Russo stated that the routine use of Anali scores is limited because it would require additional training and time to calculate for radiologists. We disagree with this point. Anali scores are simple as they only include three and two items which are, respectively, dilatation of intrahepatic bile duct, dysmorphy, portal hypertension and dysmorphy, parenchymal enhancement heterogeneity after GBCA.5,6 These items are routinely assessed during the interpretation of MRC. Ranging from 0 to 5 and 0 to 2, Anali scores are easy to calculate.5,6 The interobserver reliability remains to be assessed but should be good among expert radiologists, who interpret most MRC of PSC patients. Finally, Anali scores are predictors of clinical outcomes in PSC patients and are a promising tool to be used easily in clinical practice.


Bozhilova-Sakova, M., Dimitrova, I., Tzonev, T. I. & Petrov, N. (2020). Genotypic frequencies in calpastatin (CAST) and callipyge (CLPG) genes in Northeast Bulgarian Merino sheep breed using PCR-RFLP method. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 26 (2), 475–479 The purpose of the present work was to identify polymorphic allelic variants of ovine calpastatin and callipyge genes in Northeast Bulgarian Merino sheep breed. Blood samples were collected from 32 rams, reared in Agricultural Experimental Station – Targovishte. Genomic DNA was extracted using commercial kit for DNA purification from whole blood. After PCR amplification of CAST gene with specific primer set a fragment of 622 bp was obtained. CLPG gene also was amplified with specific primers and a fragment of 426 bp was obtained. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method with MspI restriction enzyme for CAST gene and BsmF1 restriction enzyme for CLPG gene. Calpastatin locus was found to be polymorphic, whereas in callipyge gene it was observed uniformity – the presence of genotype AA only. Genotype frequencies established in CAST gene were 0.47% and 0.53% for MM and MN, respectively, whereas genotype NN was not found.


Whether they like it or not, actors and preachers have a great deal in common. Performing the word destigmatizes the performance-based approach to preaching and shows how the experience, skills, and modi operandi of actors and their performance arts may be applied to preaching. This volume is ideal for seminary students and teachers who wish to enrich their delivery and their creative skills.


Background
Clinical pharmacists are uniquely positioned to assist with the complexities of medication management for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective was to describe clinical pharmacy services provided, as well as provider satisfaction with and perceived impact of incorporating a clinical pharmacist in MS patient care.

Methods
The study consisted of a retrospective medical record review and a provider survey conducted in an outpatient neurology clinic at an academic medical center. Between April 2017 and June 2018, electronic medical records of patients with documented interventions by a pharmacist were reviewed to describe clinical pharmacy services provided to patients with MS. A voluntary, anonymous survey was distributed to neurology providers to evaluate provider satisfaction with and perceived impact of clinical pharmacist involvement in MS patient care.

Results
There were 64 patients identified with 378 documented interventions made by clinical pharmacists. Pharmacist interventions were mostly related to facilitating medication access (n = 208), pretreatment screening (n = 57), patient counseling (n = 51), and providing drug information (n = 43). All nine providers surveyed indicated that facilitating medication access, counseling patients, and managing drug interactions were moderately or very important clinical pharmacy services. Furthermore, all providers surveyed strongly agreed that pharmacist involvement decreased time to therapy initiation and provider time spent on medication management.

Conclusions
Clinical pharmacists play an integral role in MS patient care, particularly with facilitating medication access. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the contribution of clinical pharmacists in MS patient care.


Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on four point bend specimens with crack like defects intentionally placed in A302B low-alloy pressure vessel steel clad with 308/309L weld deposited stainless steel. The defects were placed in the base metal under the cladding by machining a cavity from the side opposite the cladding, electric-discharge machining a very sharp flaw, fatigue pre-cracking the flaw, and then filling up the cavity by a weld repair process. The specimens were stress relieved before fatigue testing. The specimens were fatigue cycled at positive load ratios until the defects broke through to the surface. The specimens were then fractured at liquid nitrogen temperatures to reveal the fracture surfaces. Seven different sub-clad flaw specimens were tested in room temperature air and each test provides a record of cycles to defect break-through. Changes in defect size and shape as a function of applied load cycles were obtained by benchmarking the crack at various stages of the load history. The results provide a set of embedded defect data which can be used for qualifying fatigue crack growth analysis procedures such as those in Section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. A comparison between calculated and measured valuesmore » shows that the ASME B and PV Section XI fatigue crack growth procedures conservatively predict cycles to defect break-through for small sub-clad defects.« less


I was walking home from the bus and [D.S.] yelled "T-bitch" so I turned around and I thought she was talking to me so [I] told her "What?" and then she said "I wasn't talking to you you fat skanky b∗tch! I'm way better than you [and] prettier than you and I'm not desperate like you to sleep with the bus driver." I replied, "I don't care about looks at least I have a heart." [D.S. responded,] "Whatever you skanky b∗tch!" [D.S.] bullied me about every day since kindergarten" (In re D.S., 349)


In June and July 1963 a survey was made east of the Luzon Island by the Faculty of Fisheries Nagasaki University's training ship "Nagasaki Maru" in association with a programme of exploration of tuna fishing and deep scattering layers. The following four shrimps which were collected during the above period by 6 feet Isaac-Kidd midwater trawl net. are new to science. Sergestes grandipes n .Sp . , Sergestes fortnosensis n .Sp . , Sergestes latirostris n.sp-., and Hoplopasiphaea philip pinensis n .gen. n .sp.


This article focuses on visual considerations and describes the numerous similarities between video interpreting and deaf-blind interpreting. It also looks at linguistic considerations for deaf-blind interpreting and presents research findings showing similarities and differences between ASL and Tactile ASL. Because many interpreters are unfamiliar with tactile communication, there is a section that includes an overview of Tactile ASL. The issues, descriptions, and data presented in this article are based on situations in the United States and involve the use of ASL and Tactile ASL; however, it is highly likely that these discussions and findings also relate to deaf-blind interpreting done in other countries using other sign languages.


The growing popularity of karate and increased competition in Russian and international tournaments make it necessary to study the technical and tactical characteristics of the fight. Competitive activity in karate Shotokan makes high demands on physical and technical preparedness. However, with an equal level of these sides, the athlete who has an advantage in tactical thinking can achieve success in a competitive duel. The development of effective tactical and technical models of conducting a fight against alleged opponents is an important task in training athletes for responsible competitions.


PurposeThis paper investigates how food supply chains (SCs) introduce sustainability standards (i.e. organic and/or Fair Trade labels). The authors combined the concepts of power and dependence with types of governance mechanisms to analyse for-profit and cooperative organisations. The authors explored nuances of how lead organisations are spreading sustainability standards.Design/methodology/approachFour cashew nut and honey SCs were investigated as case studies in Brazil, with data gathered through 15 interviews, secondary data and field visits. Data were examined through a content analysis process following a combined deductive and inductive approach.FindingsSustainability is spread driven by market pressure, mainly through the diffusion of technical information, either by lead organisations enablers or inter-organisational relations. The authors found that the type and structure of organisations impact the source of power (mediated or non-mediated) and level of mutual dependence between buyer and supplier. For instance, suppliers that hold a strategic position use direct governance mechanisms, which, in turn, lessens the power imbalance in regard to the lead organisation. The authors found in the analysis, a close relation between governance mechanisms and the spread of sustainability, which is ultimately based on strong SC relationships.Practical implicationsBy recognising their role and the contingencies in spreading sustainability standards along the SC, managers of lead organisations can better design their relationships as well as create strategies to increase their supply chain sustainability (SCS) performance.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the underexplored issue of how sustainability standards are spread throughout SCs in Latin America. Also, it shows how different types of SC rely on governance mechanisms that foster SCS.


Description Setting bounds on a fifth force Some extensions to the Standard Model of particle physics posit the existence of a fifth force to complement the existing four fundamental forces. To set bounds on the strength of such an interaction, experiments on vastly different length scales have been performed. Heacock et al. used an unusual method called Pendellösung interferometry to measure the neutron structure factors of silicon. The momentum dependence of the structure factors enabled the researchers to put more stringent bounds on the strength of a type of fifth force called the Yukawa force, as well as measure the charge radius of the neutron. —JS Measurement of the neutron structure factors of silicon puts more stringent bounds on an exotic interaction. Structure factors describe how incident radiation is scattered from materials such as silicon and germanium and characterize the physical interaction between the material and scattered particles. We used neutron Pendellösung interferometry to make precision measurements of the (220) and (400) neutron-silicon structure factors and achieved a factor-of-four improvement in the (111) structure factor uncertainty. These data provide measurements of the silicon Debye-Waller factor at room temperature and the mean square neutron charge radius rn2=−0.1101±0.0089 square femtometers. Combined with existing measurements of the Debye-Waller factor and charge radius, the measured structure factors also improve constraints on the strength of a Yukawa modification to gravity by an order of magnitude over the 20 picometer–to–10 nanometer length scale range.


This study aims at assessing and analyzing the Jordanian-Israeli peace agreement of 1994, and the parties' subsequent relationship as well as their compliance mainly from a Jordanian perspective. This study argues that although both parties have been highly motivated to forge peaceful and functional relations, developments within the regional context of the Arab-Israeli conflict particularly the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have been playing a detrimental role in shaping the pace and nature of the Jordanian-Israeli ties since signing their peace treaty in 1994. Moreover, although a comprehensive Arab-Israeli settlement has not been achieved yet, both Jordan and Israel continued to show their commitment to the peace treaty and that a mixture of up and downs has been characterising the order of Jordanian-Israeli relations. The major bulk of this study is a discussion to the peace treaty of 1994, Jordanian and Israeli motivations and subsequent relations in between as well as their compliance to peace.
This study has concluded that although Jordan and Israel have been highly motivated to forge peaceful and functional relations, developments within the regional context of the Arab-Israeli conflict particularly the Israeli-Palestinian one, have been playing a detrimental role in shaping the pace and nature of the Jordanian-Israeli ties since signing their peace treaty in 1994. Since 1995 the lack of peace on the Israeli-Palestinian track and mutual violence have negatively impacted on Amman's relations with Tel Aviv. Therefore, although peace is relatively working between Israel and Jordan, a comprehensive settlement for the larger Arab-Israeli conflict particularly the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, would positively impact on the pace of the ties between Jordan and Israel.


The relationship between corruption and political participation in Brazil is investigated through analysis of patterns of association and permissiveness to the corruption of social profiles that combine categories of experience with corruption and political activism. Theoretical discussions and empirical analyzes are conducted using the 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2012 rounds of the Americas Barometer as a data source. The main results are the multidimensional nature of political participation, segmented into four different modalities. The positive and unequivocal association between experience with corruption and political engagement is also highlighted. Finally, a greater permissiveness to corruption (tolerance for the payment of bribes) is identified among individuals who have experience with corruption, regardless of whether or not this characteristic is accompanied by political activism.


Disasters are an inevitable part or our lives. Much of the work and tools used currently are intended to address the first stage to a disaster which is response. Work related to a later stage, long-term disaster recovery, is scarce and an attempt to offer a business case approach to the implementation of a web-based tool for this stage is discussed in this work. Stages to develop the tool, costs, and benefits are explained as well as some parts of the National Disaster Recovery Framework.


One of the main goals for developers of local positioning systems is to ensure that their framework can be deployed in any possible place. The challenge is that the indoor network infrastructure often is planned to suit the purpose of Internet access provision for all the users, but not to determine the locations of said users. The most commonly used geopositioning methods require additional adjustments to the existing network, whether it is rearranging or adding new Wi-Fi access points. Another approach is statistical analysis and decision-making based on previously obtained data. In this article, the taxometric method of rating the probability of finding a user in a particular room is considered and the work of the engineered software for the implementation of this method is demonstrated. The results presented in the article show that it is possible to use the taxometric decision-making method for Wi-Fi networks that were built for accessing the Internet, but were not optimized for positioning. In this regard, in most rooms it is possible to ensure the accuracy of location determination up to 10 meters.


A grounded grid oscillator and a single dee resonant system for use with a frequency modulated cyclotron are described. 7.5‐Mev deuterons have been accelerated with dee voltages up to 15 kv and a frequency range from 9.5 to 12 megacycles. 15‐Mev protons have been accelerated with voltages up to 11 kv and a frequency range from 19 to 24 megacycles. Coupling constants, phase correction, amplitude modulation, and discharge phenomena are discussed.


Hyperelastic material simulation is necessary for proper testing of products functionality in cases where prototype testing is expensive or not possible. Hyperelastic material is nonlinear and more than one stress-strain response of the material is required for its characterization. The study was focused on prediction of hyperelastic behavior of rubber neglecting the viscoelastic and creep effects in rubber. To obtain the stress strain response of rubber, uniaxial and biaxial tension tests were performed. The data obtained from these tests was utilized to find the coefficients of Mooney-Rivlin, Odgen and Arruda Boyce models. Verification of the behavior as predicted by the fitted models was carried out by comparing the experimental data of a planar shear test with its simulation using the same constitutive models.


Two tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific that experienced an extratropical transition (ET), Yagi and Francisco, are examined in this study. The former underwent a 24-h reintensification process after the ET, whereas the latter continued to weaken until dissipation. On the basis of tropical cyclone data from the Japan Meteorological Agency and Final Operational Global Analysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, a comparison of the upper- and lower-level environmental fields during the ET revealed clear differences. A strong upper-level trough existed during the ET for Yagi; moreover, Yagi merged with a preexisting extratropical cyclone at the lower level during the ET.In contrast, the upper-level trough related to Francisco was weak during the ET, and Francisco dissipated after the ET. In addition, the reintensification of Yagi could be attributed to the following causes: (1) Yagi interacted with the upper-level jet stream ahead of the trough during the ET stage and was influenced by the upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence tendency caused by the jet stream, which was favorable for reintensification after the ET. Furthermore, the vertical wind shear increased when Yagi was crossing the jet stream, which can lead to baroclinic instability and the development of a lower-level frontal zone. The baroclinic energy in the frontal zone may have been converted into kinetic energy through this process and contributed to the reintensification of Yagi. (2) The downward extension of the moist potential vorticity related to the upper-level trough could have increased the positive vorticity in the lower level and induced cyclonic circulation, which strengthened Yagi after the ET. (3) The merging of Yagi with a preexisting extratropical cyclone brought cold air from high latitudes, which can enhance the horizontal temperature gradient and cause intense development of the lower-level frontal zone. Thus, Yagi evolved into a frontal cyclone and reintensified after the ET. In contrast, these patterns mentioned above did not exist for Francisco.


Imaging ALTimeter (IALT) is a new type of radar altimeter system, which observes the earth from 2° to 7° incident angles. In comparison to the conventional altimeters such as HY-2A altimeter, Jason-1/2, TOPEX/Poseidon, which observe the ocean at nadir, the swath of IALT is much wider and its spatial resolution is much higher. The IALT on board Tiangong-2 space station is launched on 15th September, 2016 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The in-orbit assessment of IALT is done until 30th April, 2017. In this paper, the ocean surface wind speed inversion method based on IALT is established. The neural network algorithm is used for ocean surface wind speed retrieval, and the spatial resolution of retrieved wind speed is 25km. The wind speed inversion accuracy is evaluated by comparing with the ECMWF reanalysis wind speed, buoy wind speed, and boat measurement wind speed. The results show that the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of retrieved wind speed is 1.85m/s, and the Bias of retrieved wind speed is about −0.21m/s. The wind speed inversion accuracy satisfies performance requirement.


An aqueous dispersion for use as a finishing agent for textiles, wherein the dispersion contains a pyrogenically produced, aggregated silicon dioxide powder and a cationic polymer which is soluble in the dispersion, wherein the cationic poly mer is present in a quantity Such that the particles of the silicon dioxide powder exhibit a positive Zeta potential.


We consider online analysis of systems of stochastic differential equations (SDEs),
from high-frequency data. The class of SDEs we focus on have constant volatility and
a drift function that is of gradient form. For these models we present a particle filter
that is able to analyse the full data, but whose computational cost does not increase
as the frequency of the data increases. The method is based on novel extensions
of the exact algorithm for simulation and inference of diffusions, and the filters do
not need to introduce any approximations through time-discretisation of the process.
The new methods have important practical and theoretical advantages over existing
filtering methods for this problem. We demonstrate our method on a number of
simulated examples, including two motivated by molecular dynamics.


AbstractHydraulic experiment courses in engineering education usually require students to follow a "standard procedure." Students are expected to learn the underlying theories through manipulating the equipment, observing the phenomena of fluid mechanics, and analyzing the data recorded in the laboratory. However, the procedures are usually complicated and require large amounts of preparation to ensure the success of the experiment. In this research, current paper-based preparations are improved by providing virtual equipment that can provide instant and realistic feedback, with the ability to deliver these over the Internet. This research selected the Venturi tube experiment as a case study. Five steps were defined in the development process: (1) defining the experiment procedure, (2) building a three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality model, (3) adding procedure controllers, (4) adding physics rules to the virtual world, and (5) adding 3D manipulation functions. The virtual experiment of Venturi tube was ...


Viral diseases caused by CTV and CVEV induce dwarfing on plants and severe damage and yield loss to the citrus crop. The virus transmitted through infected plant material and by the same vectors, aphid. Problems cited in the field are complex of symptoms of the two diseases that are difficult to distinguish. This study aimed to determine the effect of single and dual infections of CTV and CVEV on Purut (Citrus hystrix) and Lime (Citrus aurantifolia). The research was conducted at the screen house and laboratory of Balitjestro, Batu and University of Brawijaya in October 2014 to April 2015. CTV and CVEV isolates used were from Balitjestro's collection. Treatments conducted were single inoculation for CTV and CVEV, 3 combinations of CTV and CVEV dual inoculation. Each treatment was carried out both on Purut and Lime. A total of 6 treatments and 5 replications were arranged in a Randomized Complete Design; each replication comprised of two plants. The results showed that the symptoms on Purut appeared faster and more severe than those on Lime. Both single and dual infections of CTV and CVEV affected the incubation period of CTV on vein clearing symptoms, cupping and vein enation. Symptom of vein clearing was found the fastest at dual infections treatment of CTV followed by CVEV. Cupping symptom was seen the fastest in the treatment of dual infections of CVEV followed by CTV, and symptom of vein enation was found only in a single infection of CVEV. The highest disease intensity and infection of vein clearing and cupping were observed on dual infections of CVEV followed by CTV while the highest infections of vein clearing and stem pitting were obtained from simultaneous dual infection of CTV and CVEV. The results of serologic testing by DAS ELISA on three observations (44 days after inoculation (dai), 86 dai, and 142 dai) showed that a dual-infection showed greater absorbance value than single infection treatment did. Plants growths on dual infections treatment were slower than those on single infection.


Iron disorders, including various anemias and iron overload conditions, are common and affect millions of people worldwide. Advances in iron biology over the last decade have prompted a fundamental revision of our understanding of iron homeostasis, and opened the door to a new era of diagnostic and


To investigate the effects and mechanism of bioactive peptides of oyster(BPO-L)on the differentiation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells,BPO-L,isolated from Saccostrea cucullata by acid extraction and gel chromatography,was used to treat the A549 cells.HMBA was used as control.Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometer,some oncogenes and tumor repressive genes were detected by immunocytochemistry analysis.The results showed that BPO-L could effectively inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells,and arrest the cells in G0/G1 phase.BPO-L,HMBA and their combination could up-regulate the expression of gene p21WAF1/CIP1and Rb,and down-regulate gene c-myc and mt p53.It could be concluded that BPO-L could effectively induce A549 cells into differentiation,and the induced-differentiation effects related with the changes of oncogenes and tumor repressive genes.


ABS>Under investigation was sunflower oil in which the initial stages of auto-oxidation (accumulation of peroxides) were not attended by reactions of hydrolysis (accumulation of free fatty acids) and polymerization. Lipid peroxides inactivate SH-groups of the liver in vitro and in vivo. They are not endowed with hemolytic activity. Upon intraperitoneal administration of the oil to mice, death of the animals is provoked only by the oil in which a rise of the content of free fatty acids was observed. Sunflower oil with a large quantity of peroxides causes no noticeable influence on the vital activity of mice. It has been established that during auto-oxidation in the air the accumulation of peroxides and free fatty acids, as well as the increase of the toxicity, are many times more intensive than during irradiation even in doses over 10/sup 6/ r. (auth)


By taking Compact RIO as hardware platform, and using Lab VIEW FPGA technique, the paper bring about the bottom data acquisition function of 48 channel strong motion data acquisition. The paper elaborates the key points of design in detail, and technically realizes the function of clock synchronization, data acquisition,calibration signal output, range set, state show, external triggering signal access, etc. The results show that the recorder's main technical indicators, for example, noise, dynamic range, frequency response, etc, meet the domestic requirements of seismic industry standard DB/T 10-2001 and linearity error meets the DB/T 22-2007.The stage result realized can provide important reference for people who will develop strong motion data acquisition by use of NI products.


The herbs of Lamium takesimense Nakai (Lamiaceae) is used to treat spasmodic and inflammatory disease. The four polar compounds, ecdysterone, isoacteoside, rutin and lamiuside C, were isolated and identified from the BuOH fraction of the L. takesimense MeOH extract. HPLC quantification was performed on a Capcell Pak C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 250 mm) with a gradient elution of H2O and 0.05% acetic acid in MeOH. The HPLC method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, stability, precision, and accuracy. The quantitative level in plant material was determined as the following order: lamiuside C (4, 3.75 mg/g dry weight) > ecdysterone (1, 1.93 mg/g) > isoacteoside (2, 1.32 mg/g) > rutin (3, 0.97 mg/g).


The aim of this study was to evaluate a book of "teaching Arabic to Speakers of Other Languages" intended for the second level in the International Institute for Teaching Arabic Language to Speakers of Other Languages at the University of Jordan, from the point of view of the teachers and students studying it. The aim was to determine the level of preparation of this book and show the strengths and weakness in its preparation, in light of a group of international criteria for publishing educational books. The research extracted these criteria from previous studies, books and researches. The tools were comprised from 57 paragraphs, distributed over 8 areas, after confirming the validity and consistency of the tools. They were implemented with 30 teachers and students. Statistical means were used to analyze the results. Therefore, the study concluded that:
The preparation paragraphs were taken from a book for the second level, for a high level, in accordance with the level of criteria upon which the study depended. There were no statistically significant differences between the professors and students in their evaluation of the book for teaching Arabic to speakers of other languages, intended for the second level.
The study recommends that it is necessary to re-examine the book, with the goal of evaluating and raising its level, and increasing its effectiveness.


An investigation of rectangular resonators with a view to the compensation of astigmatism has been performed. In order to have beam waists placed at the same positions in the tangential and sagittal planes, pairs of equal mirrors were considered. It was found that at least two concave mirrors are necessary to obtain compensation. Four-concave-mirror systems are most stable close to the quadratic geometry, although the symmetric quadratic resonator itself cannot be compensated for astigmatism. Using four equal concave mirrors, compensation of astigmatism can be obtained in two arms at the same time. Usually several stability ranges are found for four-mirror resonators with pair-wise equal mirrors, and it is possible with these systems to obtain small compensated beam waist radii suitable for frequency conversion. Relevant formulae are given and several relevant examples are shown using simulation software.


© 2010 John Jaeger The Holocaust was one of the most signifi cant events of the 20th century, and it had impact on many different areas, including politics, psychology, sociology, ethics, philosophy, and religion. As such, it is not surprising to fi nd that there is a great deal of Holocaust coverage on the Internet. Yet there is a kind of unevenness to the Holocaust sites, with some focused on personal and individual experiences and others of broader scope. This article draws attention to some of the best sites available. It also aims to cover some of the sites addressing related areas impacted by the Holocaust.


Providers of geospatial data are facing the challenge of diverse user needs when delivering their products to different user groups. Academic researchers represent a user group with quite specific requirements, like good support for analysis and high-performance computing. A national infrastructure providing both geospatial data and powerful geocomputing facilities for research use is being developed in Finland. The part of the infrastructure described in this paper focuses on the management, storage and efficient delivery of raster-formatted geospatial data by applying the concept of datacube. Keywords-research infrastructure; raster data; datacube;


The heterocyclic ring of the isoquinoline adopts a half-chair conformation and the dioxole ring an envelope conformation. The methyl group is rotated from the plane of the benzene ring attached to it by 104.2 (3) o . The N atom of the heterocyclic ring is displaced from the plane of the ring by 0.606 (3) A. The structure is stabilized by N-H...Br hydrogen bonds


This study focused on the production and characterization of biochars from three types of Journal of Agricultural Studies ISSN 2166-0379 2021, Vol. 9, No. 1 http://jas.macrothink.org 131 crop residues comprising cotton stems, corn cobs and sorghum stems. The reactor used was a local cone kiln made from a 200-liter drum. The production parameters measured included the duration of pyrolysis, the amount of biochar produced and the production yield. The chemical characteristics of the biochars were determined using the usual analytical methods used for organic amendment analyses. According to the study, pyrolysis time, biochar quantities and production yields depended on the type of crop residues. The three types of biochar obtained showed high C/N values indicating that their use as soil amendment must be combined with mineral fertilizers to ensure good plant development and crop yield. The heavy metal contents of the three biochar types complied with the international standards recommended for biochars by the International Biochar Initiative (IBI) and by the European Biochar Certificate (EBC). The production and the use of Biochar from crop residues is an interesting alternative for sustainable soil fertility management in the Sahelian countries.


Recently, multi-terminal DC (MTDC) system has received more attention in the power transmission areas. Development of modular structured power converter topologies has now enabled the power converter technology to attain high voltage high power ratings. Compared to current source converter technology, voltage source converters have several benefits including higher power quality, independent control of active and reactive power etc. This paper focuses on a unique MTDC system consisting of terminals with different converter topologies especially considering the fact that each of the terminals may be manufactured by different vendors. In this particular configuration, the MTDC system consists of four terminals namely two advanced modular multi-level converter with high frequency isolation, one standard modular multi-level converter (MMC) with half bridge sub modules and the fourth terminal is modular DC-DC converter which integrates PV along with a Battery energy storage system with the DC grid directly. This paper presents a system level study of hybrid MTDC System. Also the DC fault contingency case has been explored thoroughly. An algorithm has been proposed to prevent the system damage. All the cases have been demonstrated with the PSCAD simulation results. To show the system practically works in real time, the system is also evaluated in a unique real time platform, consisting of interconnected RTDS and OPAL RT systems.


Twenty-three stars that are suitable for use as secondary spectrophotometric standards are compared with Alpha Lyrae in the wavelength range between 5840 A and 1.1 microns. The consistency of the present data with previously existing measurements is discussed, along with the reliability of the present data. It is found that there is good agreement with previous data in some cases, but moderate or substantial discrepancies are exhibited in others. It is suggested that extinction variation is the most probable cause of the discrepancies, and observational procedures that may improve the situation with regard to the discrepancies are proposed.


Background: Cross-contamination between cells is a usual mistake at cell culture laboratories and cell banks worldwide. MRC5 diploid cell and Rk-13, Vero and Hela continuous cell lines are used in different stages of human viral vaccines propagation at Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute of Iran. However diploid and continuous cells are propagated at separated cell culture laboratory and continuous cells can contaminate MRC5 diploid cells. Therefore, a sensitive test is needed. World Health Organization recommends few molecular and cellular techniques to cell characterization. Materials and Methods: The present study was therefore designed to set up an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test as follows: Polyclonal anti-MRC5 cell and anti-rabbit antibodies were prepared in rabbit and goat, respectability. Anti-rabbit IgG was purified using protein G affinity chromatography, conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and then further purified to remove unbound FITC using Sephadex G 25 chromatography. Using double immunodiffusion assay, purification of homemade anti-rabbit IgG was asssayed by observation of a single arch. Results: The titer of homemade FITC conjugated goat anti rabbit IgG was measured 1/16 vs 1/8 of commercial type. Fluorescein/protein molar ratio of local made fluorescein goat anti-rabbit IgG was measured 3.44 and its protein concentration and FITC concentration were determined 1.198 mg/ml and 0.01 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Moreover, homemade IIF test showed 100% intra-laboratory reproducibility. Purity of three batches of MRC5 working seed cell was verified using in- house IIF test and no contamination to continuous cell lines was found .


Abstract A geophysical approach, based on the integration of satellite differential interferometric SAR technique and in situ geoelectrical and seismic methods, was applied with the aim to characterize a portion of urban area of Avigliano (PZ) town in Basilicata Region (southern Italy) affected by ground instability phenomena. Satellite analysis helped to discriminate areas of the town affected by superficial deformations and to monitor the dynamic behaviour of the structures located in these areas. Results from geoelectrical and seismic (active and passive) methods were compared with direct data (stratigraphic) and were interpreted with the aim to reconstruct the geometry of the subsoil. The joint application of both in situ techniques allowed the overcoming of the specific limits of each method and to improve the poor quality of the data due to the noise conditions typical of measurements carried out in urban areas. A preliminary geophysical model of the subsoil was obtained. The geophysical contrasts highlighted the presence of lithological discontinuities due to the superficial deformation processes that are affecting the portion of the investigated urban area. All the information has been transferred to the public administration technicians involved in the mitigation of hydrogeological risk in Basilicata Region.


Hypersensitive reaction to penicillin, or anaphylactic shock is a clinical problem of increasing magnitude. Although hepatic circulation in secondary shock due to trauma or hemorrhage has been extensively studied in animals especially on its irreversibility, hepatic circulation in anaphylactic shock has not yet been fully understood. In this paper, hepatic circulation in anaphylactic shock is discussed in correlation with systemic hemodynamics and the plasma concentration of catecholamines in dogs. The mechanism of the change of hepatic circulation is also mentioned. I HEPATIC CIRCULATION IN ANAPHY-LACTIC SHOCK Systemic and hepatic circulatory dynamics were examined simultaneously, for the furtherclarification of the possible relationship between those two systems. Material and Methods The observations reported in this paper were made on sensitized dogs under thiopentobarbital sodium anesthesia.(1) Adult dogs were sensitized by horse serum. At subsequent intervals after the last sensitization, anaphylaxis were provoked by a intravenous injection of horse serum.(2) Hepatic blood flow were determined by the modified Frank's method. A catheter was introduced from the right creasing magnitude. jugular vein into the hepatic vein and advanced as far as possible. Blood flow from the catheter, which is proved to be proportional to total hepatic flow, was measured directly and then the sampling blood was returned through the left jugular vein. Small amounts of heparin were used to prevent blood clotting in the catheter. (3) Cardiac output was determined by the method of STEWERT-HAMILTON using radio-iodinated serum albumin (RISA). RISA was rapidly introduced into the left ventricle or ascending aorta through a catheter advanced from the carotid artery. Counting of radio-activity changes in blood, which was sampled from the femoral artery, were made by using the Well type scintillation counter. (4) Mean artery pressure was measured by means of a strain gauge manometer connected with a tube in the femoral artery. Portal vein pressure was obtained by a catheter advanced into the vessel from a splenic branch vein and by attaching it to a water manometer. Inferior vena cava pressure was measured at the level of the vena caval ostia of the hepatic vein. (5) Total peripheral resistance was estimated by dividing mean artery pressure by cardiac out put. Splanchnic resistance was also calculated by the same principle.


The effect of dehydratation of Jerboas on the response to arginin-vasopressin (AVP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the muscarinic agonist carbachol was investigated in outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD) micro-dissected from collagenase treated Kidney. The action of these agonists was tested on the variation of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i). On the OMCD micro-dissected from hydrated Jerboas, AVP induced an accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and an increase of [Ca 2+ ]i. Tested in the same conditions, PGE2 and carbachol increases the [Ca 2+ ]i in Jerboa's OMCD. When Jerboas were dehydrated for several days, we observed that : (1) the increase of both cAMP and [Ca 2+ ]i induced by AVP was inhibited after 2 weeks of dehydratation; (2) the biphasic increase of [Ca 2+ ]i induced by PGE2 was markedly reduced by 86.7% after 2 weeks of dehydratation; (3) the effect of carbachol on [Ca 2+ ]i was not modified by the dehydratation (only 14,3% of inhibition after 3 weeks of dehydratation). These results indicate that dehydratation of Jerboa impairs the effect of AVP and PGE2 in the renal OMCD.


Geology was widely taught in American secondary schools during much of the nineteenth century. As geology evolved so did textbooks. As schools and teaching changed so did textbooks. This study examines nineteenth century secondary school geology texts and a crucial government report. It fits these nineteen publications into a general cultural context, tracing the gradual expansion and abrupt decline of geological education in American's nineteenth century secondary schools.


LBNL-3884E E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Implications of Wide-Area Geographic Diversity for Short- Term Variability of Solar Power Andrew Mills and Ryan Wiser Environmental Energy Technologies Division September 2010 Download from http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA/EMP The work described in this paper was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.


ABSTRACT Fe75Zr25/Cu64Zr36 amorphous multilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering. Atom probe tomography was employed to analyze the atomic inter-diffusion at the interface of the multilayers before and after annealing (573 K, 60 min). An unexpected enhanced inter-diffusion of the immiscible elements Fe and Cu was detected at the interface of the multilayers. As the inter-diffusion in amorphous multilayers is much faster than that in the crystalline counterparts, this process may open a way to manipulate or create amorphous multilayers with new properties. This idea agrees with the observation of the variation of magnetic properties of Fe75Zr25/Cu64Zr36 amorphous multilayers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT This paper reveals the enhanced atomic inter-diffusion at the interface of amorphous materials, and may open a way to manipulate or create amorphous multilayers with new properties.


Acid electroless Ni-P alloy plating was carried on carbon steel surface and the effects of temperature,pH value,content of sodium hypophosphite and nickel electroless on the thickness of Ni-P alloy plating were studied.The results show that the thickness of Ni-P coating achieves to 196 μm when the best processing parameters are NiSO4·6H2O 25 g·L-1,NaH2PO2·H2O 22 g·L-1,C3H3O6 24 mg·L-1,KIO3 15 mg·L-1,CH3CH2COOH 3 mg·L-1,C4H6O5 4 g·L-1,temperature of 90 ℃,pH value of 4.5.The surface micrograph of the coating is smooth,no pore.The XRD result indicates that the structure of the Ni-P coating is amorphous nickel.


We measured the expression of cell cycle proteins (CyclinD 1, Cdk 2, Cdk 4, Cdk 6, PCNA) and proteins associated with DNA damage and repair (M30, P21, P53, Bcl-2) by immunohistochemistry after induction of cortical cold injury in the rat brain (n=28) and evaluated the relationship between cell cycle protein expression and apoptosis. Measurements were taken at 1,4, 7,10 and 14 days (n=4 per time point). Sham-operated rats (n=4) and normal rats, which were not subjected to any surgical procedure (n=4), were used as controls for temporal profile determination. On day 4, Cdk 2, Cdk 4 and CyclinDl, which are key G 1-S regulators, were strongly expressed in the injured rat brains. At day 7, expression of all these proteins had spread to contralateral non-injured brain, then had decreased by day 10, and was no longer detectable by day 14. At day 7 , M30, P21, P53, Cdk4, and CyclinDl were detected in the same region of the superficial cortex, suggesting that expression of Cdk 4 and CyclinD 1 may play a role in apoptosis. The fact that expression of Cdk 4 and PCNA was detected in periventricular areas, where M30 was not expressed, suggests that Cdk 4 may play an important role in DNA repair in this area. We concluded that apoptosis and DNA repair might occur in different areas following cold injury in the rat brain.


Previously, we applied a distribution equalization on our HIerarchical Spectro-Temporal (HIST) features using distributions estimated from histogram of one or several utterances. Although a performance increase could be observed in both cases, we noticed low performance improvement when estimating the distribution only from one utterance. The aim here is to determine a parametric distribution from few data samples which gives the highest probability of producing the observed data considering different models. Afterwards, we perform a distribution equalization based on the estimated model after each feature extraction step of our HIST feature extraction framework. We compare the performance of the HIST features with those of conventional spectral features (RASTA-PLP), when a corresponding distribution equalization has been carried out using the TIDigits database and different noise types. By combining the HIST and RASTA-PLP features we achieved on the one hand better performance than spectral features (RASTA-PLP), on the other hand better performance than the same feature combination with distribution equalization obtained directly from the histogram without imposing a parametric distribution model.


This dataset contains spreadsheet data collated from actual UK whaling logbooks between 1750 and 1850. Each worksheet represents one year and contains two voyages. One outgoing voyage from the UK to Hudson Bay, normally leaving at the end of June, beginning of July, and one return journey leaving Hudson Bay in September and returning to the UK in October. The Supporting Documentation describes the collated data and provides a background to the research. The whaling logbooks used in this project, representing a significant addition to those of the Hudson Bay Company (HBC), are confined to the period 1750 to 1850 although most of them post-date 1800. Attention is also confined to UK logbooks. In contrast to the HBC logbooks, those of the whaling vessels do not cover every year of the study period and only some 40 have survived of the original many thousands of voyages. The outcomes are a series of monthly summary statistics for each month of the voyages. These are confined to the summer season as the vessels could not sail in winter, but provide nonetheless a valuable series of first-hand observations. These are expressed as a series of indices quantifying the frequency of winds from each of the four quadrants (N, S, E & W), gales, fog, snow and rain. The mean wind force can also be calculated for each month. The whaling logbooks provide a unique additional set of daily and monthly-aggregated data on sea ice cover and character.


ABSTRACT A university chemistry final examination was analysed in terms of the extent to which it reflected the subject‐matter of the corresponding degree course. Although the questions seemed to adequately reflect individual lecture courses, the sampling within lecture courses was found to be low. In addition, the effect of question choice severely restricted in principle the range of subject‐matter that a student was required to respond to. The appropriateness of this form of assessment is discussed both in terms of teaching and learning, and in terms of certification.


In this paper, we research the effect of the phosphoric acid concentration on the performance of laser oped selective emitter solar cells with Ni/Cu plated contacts fabricated at Shinsung Solar Energy. Through an optimisation, the phosphoric acid concentration is observed to decrease cell efficiency, and using a concentration of 20%, an independently confirmed efficiency of 19.4% is achieved .


Thermo-mechanical treatments as hot rolling or forging are well established metallurgical processes to improve mechanical properties and to homogenize the microstructure as well as for near net-shape production. Several microstructure parameters e.g. phase fractions, grain size or crystallographic texture, change during hot forming. However, conventional analysis methods can only infer the changing mechanisms from post-process metallographic studies. We used a conventional deformation dilatometer (DIL 805A/D) modified for working in the HZG synchrotron beamlines HARWI II and HEMS at DESY [1] for hot deformation experiments. This setup enables the continuous monitoring of the interaction and evolution of different microstructure parameters in situ, i.e. during processing, while simultaneously recording the process parameters (temperature, force and length change).


Element addition effects of YBa2Cu3O7-y ceramics on the superconductivity have been studied. Fifty-two kinds of elements, and 163 compositions have been investigated but no element capable of improving the critical temperature (Tc) was found. Pb, Al and W were chosen additives and have been studied in detail about the changes in the superconducting properties and the crystal structures by the ratios of addition. Pb and W had almost no solubility in YBa2Cu3O7-y. The crystal structure of YBa2Cu3O7-y changed from orthorhombic to tetragonal by the addition of Al or W. Tc was lowered along with the change of the crystal structure.


Background:  This study documents the anatomy of the pudendal nerve, which has a major role in maintaining faecal continence. Unexpected faecal incontinence can develop following perineal surgery even when the anal sphincters are not damaged. In addition, injury to the pudendal nerve might be encountered during pelvic procedures such as a sacrospinous colpopexy.


This research aims at disclosing the decision made by PT. Adaro Energy in conducting the donation during the pandemic of COVID-19 and understand the donation in boosting the business image. The type of this research is qualitative employing the semiotics approach. The object of this research is the narrative text in terms of CSR obtained from website and social media of Adaro Energy. The result of this research discloses that Adaro Energy is active to synergy with the various stakeholders along the pandemic of COVID-19 through the distribution of the number of donations. It is successful to boost good image of firm so that Adaro Energy can obtain the legitimacy in the form of certificate appreciated by the National Agency for Disaster Management.


Call WhiteSands Treatment now at (877)-855-3470 for information on Tampa sober living homes, so you can begin living your life again.


saving of 28 - 54% percent was demonstrated in the cold, moderate and hot region. In the underground shopping mall study, the main saving was realized through the reduction in lighting energy consumption through daylighting from the atrium. In both cases, semi-transparent PV facilitates effective use of radiation penetration for daylighting, space heating and as a power source that could not be realized by conventional building materials.


Energy consumption and room temperature can be simulated using EnergyPlus model, given the building model, weather information, and HVAC control strategy. For a given weather forecast, however, online simulation-based optimization of the HVAC control strategy is time-consuming and thus impractical. In this paper we suggest to offline learn a compact candidate list of demand response (DR) HVAC control strategies that best cover potential weather variations. Training weather data is first clustered using a specially-designed hybrid method, and the resulting clusters are then used to supervise the sampling on the training weather data. The candidate list is formed as the union of all the optimal HVAC control strategies corresponding to the selected weather patterns. The proposed method is tested on real historical data (from Berkley and Phoenix), and is able to provide a strategy list that covers 95--100% weathers using only 8% of the computational cost of a brute-force search. In addition, the fitness function can be optimized up to 99.9% of the global optimum.


This paper deals with the essential question: 'is it possible to reform accounting terminology?' It explores how account manipulation can be achieved not only by fudging figures, but also by manipulating the surrounding syntax; in other words, the language itself. Thus, given that words carry both psychological and sociological connotations, the notion of accounting terminology reform carries a utopian dimension. This paper highlights the lack of language concepts in accounting language that recognise both positive and negative externalities arising from the economics and wealth of human resources and proposes a utopian vision to create noun phrases that would incorporate the notion of sustainable development at the very heart of economic exchanges.


The principles of maximum economy, efficiency and proportionality belong to the institutional principles, as they determine the guiding ideas and principles of public procurement. Certain issues related to the principle of maximum economy, efficiency and proportionality were researched in the publications of N. Zdyrko, K. Chuchalina, T.O. Mulik, V.O. Psota et al. Nevertheless, existing publications are mostly devoted to the disclosure of the concept of maximum economy, efficiency and proportionality principles without coverage relationship among these principles. The purpose of this study is to reveal the problematic issues of maximum economy, efficiency and proportionality correlation as requirements which are set out in a separate principle of public procurement.
The content and importance of maximum economy, efficiency and proportionality as principles of public procurement are analyzed within the article. The importance of this principle and its superiority among other principles of public procurement are substantiated. The contradictory aspects of the relationship between maximum economy and efficiency are highlighted in the paper, and the feasibility and possibility of their harmonization and comparison are justified. Practical aspects of maximum economy and efficiency execution in public procurement are revealed. The functional significance and place of proportionality in relation to the maximum economy and efficiency are covered. The author reaches a conclusion that principle of economy should not be opposed to the principle of efficiency because these principles do not contradict each other. Differences in subjects, objects and other conditions of procurement contracts demands a differentiated approach to the analysis of efficiency and maximum economy in public procurement.


With the development of 5G technology, the power allocation problem in non-orthogonal multiple access technique (NOMA) becomes one of the key technologies. Due to the high complexity of the traditional optimal iterative water-filling algorithm and the fast iterative water-filling algorithm, a lower complexity algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the improved linear water-filling algorithm is used for power allocation in sub-carriers. Secondly, users on each sub-carrier use fractional power allocation algorithm to reallocate power. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm approaches the linear water-filling algorithm in the transmission rate of the system, and complexity is lower.


conception of social justice. However, the potential usefulness of Bajpai's approach in critically assessing the UPA's policy process for religious minorities, particularly Muslims, is yet to be tested beyond the textual analysis of political rhetoric. Bajpai's penetrating and incisive analysis of the CAD as a new tool kit to interpret group-differentiated rights powerfully develops an alternative model of Indian liberalism, with emphasis on social justice, lived equality and diversity. Perhaps more notably, in exploring dilemmas of group-differentiated rights, Bajpai successfully demonstrates that 'ideas and ideals matter' (p. 287). Hence, she makes an important contribution to provide insights into the ways in which the CAD shaped the rights of minorities and policy-making for them in post-independent India. This work should form mandatory reading for those who seek to understand group rights, multiculturalism and liberal democracy in India.


One HEC of a material: The use of trigol-reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as cathode material in hybrid lithium-ion electrochemical capacitors (Li-HECs) results in an energy density of 45 Wh kg(-1) ; much enhanced when compared to similar devices. The mass loading of the active materials is optimized, and the devices show good cycling performance. Li-HECs employing these materials outperform other supercapacitors, making them attractive for use in power sources.


The article is devoted to substantiating the necessity of students' special training for cross-cultural communication, with special emphasis on selecting appropriate instruments of control. The authors analyze their experience in using business role play for the purpose of control.


We use a pressure-based model for splitting cold hydrogen into its atomic (H i) and molecular (H2) components to tackle the co-evolution of H i, H2, and star formation rates (SFR) in ∼3 × 107 simulated galaxies in the Millennium simulation. The main prediction is that galaxies contained similar amounts of H i at redshift z ≈ 1–5 than today, but substantially more H2, in quantitative agreement with the strong molecular line emission already detected in a few high-redshift galaxies and approximately consistent with inferences from studies of the damped Lyman-α absorbers seen in the spectra of quasars. The cosmic H2/H i ratio is predicted to evolve monotonically as . This decline of the H2/H i ratio as a function of cosmic time is driven by the growth of galactic disks and the progressive reduction of the mean cold gas pressure. Finally, a comparison between the evolutions of H i, H2, and SFRs reveals two distinct cosmic epochs of star formation: an early epoch (z ≳ 3), driven by the evolution of , and a late epoch (z ≲ 3), driven by the evolution of .


Abstract Effective and accurate vendor selection decisions are important components for supply chain management in manufacturing factories to enhance their organizational performance. This study presented a novel performance evaluation method for tackling these group multiple criteria decision making (GMCDM) problems based on combining VIKOR method and cross-entropy measure under interval-valued fuzzy sets environment. On the other side, a new interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy prioritized ordered weighted average operator is used to aggregate all decision matrices into a collective decision matrix. Finally, a case study of vendor selection for a manufacturing factory is given demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method and showing that it's more efficient and advantageous than existing TOPSIS method.


Original contribution by Mauss to the development of sociological theory is hidden under the reputation of Durkheim, his uncle and master. In fact, he owes many ideas to Durkheim ; nevertheless he is much superior in his position to Durkheim who could not help at times to get into the dogmatic generalization, into the confusion of historical and functional viewpoints, into the mixing of empirism and apriorism, etc. Thus, it should be remarked that Mauss get above his Master, and presented before the public a new orientation of sociology-especially French sociology.First, this article analysed the conception of "faits sociaux totaux" in Mauss' eminent work "Essai sur le don" and others ; and second, discussed Gurvitch' theory as its growth and development.By the study of "faits sociaux totaux, " Mauss meant the study of social systems in their entirety, the study of social phenomena in relations to their total social setting.But social phenomena cannot be studied in all their details at once ; Consequently, selected aspects must be abstracted out for study. Mauss analysed social phenomena in the relation system of elements. And in its ultimate analysis, he considers that "something" rests and the "something" offers the veritable nature of phenomena. He compared several social types in such a way and succeeded to reveal the nature of phenomena.According to Gurvitch, Mauss set different aspects of "faits sociaux totaux" in too near approximation, in lieu of differenciating them clearly and describing its decalages, tensions, conflicts, antinomies, integrating them in the whole, the whole of same type or social cadre. Gurvitch tried to enrich Mauss' conception of "faits sociaux totaux" by taking it in depth. It seems that Gurvitch left his theory as unaccomplished, and yet he made a road to analyse complicata modern society, while Mauss' considerations remained mainly in archaic one.


Arrangement with at least one cabinet (12) and / or at least a rack (11) is housed in the or where a device (20) having a plurality of equipment units (20.10 20.1 ...), wherein the visible by an observer outside of at least one units of the switch cabinet (12) and / or rack (11) and / or equipment unit (20.1 ... 20.10), a means of a recording device (2) optically detectable code mark (1; 1.1 ... 1.13) is mounted in the are encrypted information via the associated unit, which from an evaluation device (3) are automatically evaluated and wherein the code marks (1; 1.1 ... 1.13) at least technical information about the structure and / or function and / or for operating the at least one associated unit is encrypted, characterized, that the recording device as an image pickup device (2) to the wired or cordless forwarding the captured image information with the at least one code mark (1; 1.1 ... 1.13) is formed to an evaluation device (3) or the image pickup device (2) itself, at least a portion the evaluation ...


A framework is presented for synthesizing logic feedback controllers for event-driven operations, which are used typically for startup and shutdown operations, emergency procedures, and alarm handling. The framework encompasses techniques for discrete-event modeling of open-loop process behavior and operational specifications, as well as the synthesis of feedback control mechanisms called procedural controllers. A procedural controller, if it exists, is mathematically guaranteed to satisfy its operational specifications. This is of particular importance for control systems in which high integrity and correctness are required by design (such as systems in which human life is at risk). The notions introduced and the framework presented are illustrated with a small example. The applicability of the framework to cases of industrial complexity is demonstrated by synthesizing a procedural controller and implementing it as a control code for a section of the operation of an automated multipurpose-multiproduct batch pilot plant.


Living in a world where environment protection and energy conservation are the first worries, the development of hybrid vehicle seems to be an accelerated pace. There for, recent efforts are directed toward developing an improved propulsion system. One of the most valuable solutions is the starter alternators [19]. This paper presents an advanced development of a switched reluctance starter-alternator for a micro-hybrid vehicle. The performance, efficiency and torque characteristics of switched reluctance machines combined with its robust, low cost construction makes that technology an interesting alternative to other machine types chosen for traction applications especially starter/generator. This paper will provide an overview of the present status of hybrid vehicles worldwide and their state of the art, with emphasis on the engineering philosophy and key technologies. Using the Finite element method by the program FEMM we also present a model of switched reluctance machine 12/8 proposed for starter-alternator application. Keywords—Hybrid Vehicle, Starter-Alternator, Switched Reluctance Machine, FEMM.


A previous analysis of order-statistics constant-false-alarm-rate (OS-CFAR) radar receiving a single pulse from a Rayleigh fluctuating target in a Rayleigh background is extended to a Rayleigh-plus-dominant target. The analysis includes effects of a multitarget environment. A detailed comparison of OS-CFAR, cell-averaging (CA) CFAR, and censored CA-CFAR is provided for a Rayleigh target in the presence of strongly interfering targets. The false-alarm analysis of OS-CFAR is extended to the more general case of a Weibull background. The deterioration of the CFAR property of OS as the shape factor, C, of a Weibull probability density function changes from Rayleigh (C=2) to a longer-tailed one (C >


In talking about acquisition trouble spots I confront the dilemma of whether I should take a horizontal or vertical approach to my subject; that is whether I should endeavor to speak about acquisitions in somewhat generalized terms or take a few sensitive areas and try to do a job in reasonable depth. I have chosen a kind of mid-ground on the theory that some of you may not have had great exposure to the acquisition field and that some general comments might have some value. Additionally, I intend to get into such specific areas as good will, acquisition acounting vs. pooling of interest, certain problems under Rule 133 of the Securities Act, and a few other special problem


According to the author's investigation and literatures under this topic in the past decade, the paper studies such issues in present undergraduate thesis writing as careless attitude toward the writing and poor quality of the theses. After discussing the affecting causes the paper puts forward the suggestions on intensifying the university's management of thesis writing, enhancing teaching quality and writing practice in all courses, and reinforcing students' ability of innovation and capability of English language.


Introduction The rising prevalence of obesity has become a public health concern, requiring efficient and comprehensive prevention strategies. Methods This study innovatively investigated the combined influence of individual and social/environmental factors on obesity within the urban landscape of Seoul, by employing advanced machine learning approaches. We collected 'Community Health Surveys' and credit card usage data to represent individual factors. In parallel, we utilized 'Seoul Open Data' to encapsulate social/environmental factors contributing to obesity. A Random Forest model was used to predict obesity based on individual factors. The model was further subjected to Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) algorithms to determine each factor's relative importance in obesity prediction. For social/environmental factors, we used the Geographically Weighted Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (GWLASSO) to calculate the regression coefficients. Results The Random Forest model predicted obesity with an accuracy of >90%. The SHAP revealed diverse influential individual obesity-related factors in each Gu district, although 'self-awareness of obesity', 'weight control experience', and 'high blood pressure experience' were among the top five influential factors across all Gu districts. The GWLASSO indicated variations in regression coefficients between social/environmental factors across different districts. Conclusion Our findings provide valuable insights for designing targeted obesity prevention programs that integrate different individual and social/environmental factors within the context of urban design, even within the same city. This study enhances the efficient development and application of explainable machine learning in devising urban health strategies. We recommend that each autonomous district consider these differential influential factors in designing their budget plans to tackle obesity effectively.


I n the September 1997 "Inside Risks," David Parnas made a compelling case for defining the core body of software knowledge, evaluating the curricula, and licensing software practitioners the same way engineers are licensed. A desirable obligation he mentioned beyond basic competence is the ability to pass examinations relating to legal and ethical practice. Most professional organizations have well-documented codes of ethics. However, Parnas observes that whereas professional engineers who do not adhere to their oath can lose their licenses, software professionals have little to lose and may not have heard about such oaths. Unfortunately, excuses such as short-term profits, preservation of corporate image, organizational and peer pressures, secrecy, and perhaps setting low standards in hopes of limiting liability suits for noncompliance are sometimes used as justifications for irresponsible behavior. On the other hand, real potential risks to individuals tend to discourage responsible behavior by people who might otherwise consider becoming whistle-blowers. The ethically inspired act of whistle-blowing might typically involve various aspects, such as being aware of and documenting a serious problem, informing one's superiors, having findings repeatedly rejected and systematically covered up, and being threatened with or subjected to retaliation. When a possibly preventable disaster strikes, questions are raised, such as what was known beforehand and what actions had been taken. Many lessons can be learned from past experiences. • Analyzing the Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986, the Presidential Commission noted other problems beside the previously identified risks of O-rings at low temperatures: inadequate spare parts; lack of training in maintenance; improper management planning; and safety problems with the main engine, brakes, flapper valves, and automatic landing system—plus a serious reduction in the quality-assurance effort. • Union Carbide reportedly had prior warnings about inherent safety risks at Bhopal, but not to the database error implicated in the aldicarb oxime leak. • For years tobacco companies have been aware of the addictiveness of nicotine and health risks associated with smoking. Their internal files are for the most part still not public. Among the software development problems included in the RISKS archives, many cases are attributable to a lack of knowledge, training, and expertise on the part of requirements specifiers, designers, programmers, operators, and users. Some problems are attributable to the necessity of using systems, languages, and tools inherently risky. In some cases, serious problems were recognized in advance. • The Aegis software and user interface involved in the Vincennes' shoot-down of the Iranian Airbus had some limitations (see SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes, 14, 5, pp. 20–21, 1989, and Computer-Related Risks, ACM Press/Addison-Wesley, p. 35). • The success rate of the Patriot missile was originally estimated at 80%, but subsequently downgraded to about 10% after Ted Postol's MIT analysis on the missile's ineffectiveness had been classified out from under him and Postol had been subjected to serious reprisals as a whistle-blower. (Also, a critical clock-drift problem had been discovered in the software, but the fix arrived only the day after the Dhahran barracks were hit by Iraqi Scud missiles.) • Edward F. Wilson was responsible for developing government-required aerospace software quality-assurance programs for Amex Systems in 1986. He learned his employer would not implement those programs once submitted, and complained in writing. He was fired for "being a troublemaker" and subjected to anonymous death threats. The U.S. offers whistle-blowers significant shares of funds recovered from lawsuits for fraud against the government. In the rather different context of software development, monetary gain should not be the primary incentive—although the absence of protection against serious monetary hardship can be an impediment to would-be whistle-blowers. The software profession needs a broadly accepted code of ethics that effectively penalizes flagrant abuses and provides some protection for high-integrity whistle-blowers. There are already several good starting points (for example, the IEEE provides formalized support for well-documented whistle-blowers through its ethics committee), but enforcement actions seem to be rare. One of the repeated themes of "Inside Risks" is that no single would-be solution can eliminate computer-related risks. Ethical behavior is yet another prerequisite to acceptable-risk software development.


We, the following, propose to conduct a symposium on "Positive mental health by embracing arts: personal perspectives", at ANCIPS 2022, Vizag, Vishakhapatnam. Positive mental health, keeping in with Keyes's terminology, is a combination of subjective well-being and of being fully functional, thereby, encompassing both positive feelings and positive functioning. This definition integrates 2 distinct aspects- the hedonistic one ,emphasizing feelings of pleasure or happiness and also the eudemonic one , which relies on behavior and thoughts providing engagement and fulfillment. As individual approaches towards this concept vary, so also the mean towards this goal of positive mental health become more perspective. In recent times, the pandemic also brought along with it a shadow epidemic of mental ill-health and distress , which tested the resilience and coping strategies of laity and health professionals alike. Mental health professionals too, though were not in the same proverbial boat, were in the same pandemic storm! So each of us , psychiatrists here, would like to share how we worked towards positive mental health of our own and others, by embracing some form of art and how it helped us cope with something which has hopefully ended, with new beginnings, for us as well!


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The National Science Education Standards define scientific inquiry as "the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work. Scientific inquiry also refers to the activities through which students develop knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, as well as an understanding of how scientists study the natural world" (NRC 1996, p. 23). In the lesson presented in this article, students learn to organize their thinking and design their own inquiry experiments through careful observation of an object, situation, or event. They then conduct these experiments and report their findings in a lab report, poster, trifold board, slide, or video that follows the typical format of the scientific community studying the natural world. This article presents a scaffolded approach to inquiry and illustrates its use in the classroom. Background The candle and jar demonstration (ABC Science Online 2005; Hodgkin 1995) is often used in elementary or middle school science classrooms, but secondary teachers might find it helpful as a diagnostic exercise that scaffolds students' experimental procedures. In this article, the classic demonstration is reworked to lead students to design and conduct experiments of their own. Before using the candle and jar activity in the classroom, teachers should be familiar with common student misconceptions and the scientific principles associated with states of matter, conservation of matter, energy transformations, chemical reactions (e.g., combustion), kinetic molecular theory, and atmospheric pressure and composition. The demonstration To begin the lesson, the teacher presents the class with a discrepant event in the form of a lab demonstration. Students are told to focus their attention on making observations. Statements such as "use your senses carefully, as each of you will need to repeat this" or "observe how this behaves because I am going to ask you to make it behave differently" can help students focus. Then the demonstration commences: The teacher holds a glass jar above a burning candle. The candle is positioned between two metal rods in the bottom of a shallow glass pan containing clear liquid (see photo, opposite). The liquid in the pan is high enough to cover the metal rods. The teacher holds the jar above the candle and asks students to come close enough to make careful observations. (Safety note: Both students and the teacher need to wear eye protection [i.e., indirectly vented chemical-splash goggles] during this demonstration.) The teacher waits for students to settle and then explains that she is about to lower the jar over the candle and place it on the metal rods--so that the mouth of the jar is below the surface of the liquid, but rests on top of the rods. A space remains between the bottom of the pan and the lip of the jar. The teacher then slowly lowers the jar over the candle and watches her students' faces as the candle is extinguished and the liquid level rises in the jar (see photo below). (For an explanation of why the flame is extinguished, see "How does it work?" p. 49.) Step 1: Careful observation After the demonstration, students return to their seats to think for a few moments about what they have seen or share observations with a partner or small group. The teacher circulates as students write down their observations, or behavior descriptors, on yellow sticky notes (one observation per note) to place on the Observations Starbust Diagram (Figure 1, p. 46). If this is the first time students have used the diagram, they may be reluctant to start. This scenario describes what might happen next: The teacher then leads a whole-class discussion, inviting students to offer their observations as she records them on large yellow sticky notes and places them on a poster-size version of the Observations Starburst Diagram (Figure 1). …


The distribution of Dressel 1 amphoras and Gallo‐Roman ceramics in and around the Isle of Wight is examined. Some come from the floor and margins of the Solent seaway where trawling and natural coastal processes are at work. The authors suggest that islanders of the Iron Age were accomplished seafarers, active in cross‐Channel trade. The creeks of the island provided natural havens for these activities while the eastern Solent seems to have offered a great sheltered anchorage in an important strategic position. This is equated with the Magnus Portus mentioned by the 2nd‐century geographer Ptolemy. The authors consider that submerged artefact scatters and ancient anchorages are aspects of the European coastline which are in particular need of archaeological evaluation and protection.


The first issue of the Journal of the Argentine Diabetes Society (SAD) was printed in 1967, during the presidency of Dr. Nestor Serantes, 13 years after the foundation of our Society. Today, shortly after the fiftieth anniversary, we find ourselves in a Society that with an initial number of a dozen members proudly reached its partner close to 2,700, which forces us to place our publication at the height of the circumstances.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a more current evaluation and update of web mining research and techniques available. Current advances in each of the three different types of web mining are reviewed in the categories of web content mining, web usage mining, and web structure mining. For each tabulated research work, we examine such key issues as web mining process, methods/techniques, applications, data sources, and software used. Unlike previous investigators, we divide web mining processes into the following five subtasks: (1) resource finding and retrieving, (2) information selection and preprocessing, (3) patterns analysis and recognition, (4) validation and interpretation, and (5) visualization. This paper also reports the comparisons and summaries of selected software for web mining. The web mining software selected for discussion and comparison in this paper are SPSS Clementine, Megaputer PolyAnalyst, ClickTracks by web analytics, and QL2 by QL2 Software Inc. Applications of these selected web mining software to available data sets are discussed together with abundant presentations of screen shots, as well as conclusions and future directions of the research.


This essay by Richard Schechner dedicated to a mythical figure of the theater of the late twentieth century; a work of critical reconstruction that has contributed decisively to consolidating the legacy of Grotowski, just a few months after his death. In addition to fixing some essential terms of the vocabulary, together with the contents and the periodization of the Grotowskian work (aspects that Grotowski in life were entrusted exclusively to oral transmission), the essay retraces the formation of Grotowski, the aspects linked to his character, the specific forms of his research and his transmission of knowledge, the exercise of leadership, the role of his collaborators, the sources, the mystical side, his relationship with the spirit of time, the importance (and weakness) of his opera, in the history of twentieth century theater.


Brand name plays a vital role for in-shop buying behavior of consumers and mutated brand name may affect the selling of leading branded products. In Indian market, there are many products with mutated brand names which are either orthographically or phonologically similar. Due to presence of such products, Indian consumers very often fall under confusion when buying some regularly used stuff. Authors of the present paper have attempted to demonstrate relationship between less attention and false recognition of mutated brand names during a product selection process. To achieve this goal, visual attention study was conducted on 15 male college students using eye-tracker against a mutated brand name and errors in recognition were noted using questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the acquired data revealed that there was more false recognition of mutated brand name when less attention was paid during selection of favorite product. Moreover, it was perceived that eye tracking is an effective tool for analyzing false recognition of brand name mutation.


The present study investigated the relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with pervasive developmental disorders, particularly autism, and maternal stress levels. Participants consisted of 60 mothers who had a child diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder by an independent practitioner using DSM‐IV criteria. Children were between 2 and 7 years of age. Mothers completed the following self‐report measures: the Parenting Stress Index (short‐form), the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scales and a demographic questionnaire. Two‐thirds of the participants in the sample evidenced stress scores that were significantly elevated. Regression analyses revealed that child maladaptive behaviour and child adaptive behaviour accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in maternal stress. Methodological issues and considerations for future research are discussed.


Introduction and Background The Framework of This StudyResearch into Native American Writing Systems and Narrative1. Narrative Accounts of the Encounter and Conquest2. The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Literary Life in the Colonies3. The Struggle for Nationhood and the Rise of Fiction4. The Mid-Nineteenth Century: Romanticism, Realism, and Nationalism 5. Late-Nineteenth-Century Narratives of Social Commentary and National Self-Reflection6. Naturalism and Modernismo Conclusion: Then and Now


In accordance with the established view that the new social movements since the late 1960s have always pursued an agenda of comprehensive societal change, the new wave of movement activism since the late 1990s has widely been interpreted as evidence of the emergence of a new global movement for a radically different society. A critique of the one-sided reliance in social movement research on traditional actor-centred approaches leads to a systems-centred conceptualization of late-modern society, and via the diagnosis of its particular dilemmas, to the interpretation of contemporary social movements as a vital resource for the stabilization of the socioeconomic order of democratic consumer capitalism. As an addition to the existing social movement theories, the suggested approach contributes to a more complex understanding of non-conventional forms of political articulation and participation.


SMEs are essential in national economic growth, so it concerns various groups. Intangible resources such as knowledge and skills are the basis of SMEs' competitive advantage. Integrating these two things will provide a rapid growth acceleration for SMEs. Intellectual capital (CI) is a core concept of the company's strategic resources to create a competitive advantage. SMEs have a more straightforward organizational structure and solid internal social relations than large companies. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing the impact of intellectual capital (CI) on SMEs' financial performance (FP). The design of this research is causal research with a survey method. In taking the sample, non-probability sampling was used with the convenience sampling technique on SME owners along the coast of West Aceh. The hypothesis was tested using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The findings in this study prove that the three components of intellectual capital, namely human capital (HC), structural capital (SC), and relational capital (RC), affect the financial performance (FP) of SMEs. This study concludes that intellectual capital is significant for the financial performance of SMEs.


A newit technique fordesigning adaptive state-space digital filters using stable filter structures is developed. First, thecoefficient sensitivites arerelated tointermediate transfer functions inorder togenerate gradient signals. Next, theLMSalgorithm isapplied toconstruct adaptive state-space digital filters withnew systems togenerate gradient signals. Toillustrate the validity oftheproposed technique, anumerical example isgiven. Intheexample, thecomparison between the proposed andconventional adaptive filters ispresented.


The authors have studied the interrelation between toxemia of pregnancy and the nutritional state of the patients; the overall incidence in 2523 women was 16.2% but in patients with subnormal ingestion of proteins the incidence was significantly higher than in women with adequate diet. The possible rol of the maternal nutrition in the etiology of the toxemia of pregnancy is discussed.


A design study of commercial V/STOL transport airplanes for a 1985 operational time period has been made. The baseline mission considered was 400 nmi at a cruise speed of M = 0.75 and a 100-passenger payload with VTOL. Variations from the baseline included mission distance, payload, cruise speed, and propulsion system failure philosophy. All designs used propulsion systems consisting of multiple gas generators driving remote tip turbine lift and lift/cruise fans. By considering the fan to be designed for operational reliability, significant simplication of the airplane systems and reduction in airplane size and cost can be achieved.


This study concentrated on first and second-generation Hispanic students' perception of higher education, parental support, degree of enculturation, and motivation having a direct correlation to students' pursuit of a post-secondary education. The information may have an impact on enrollment and retention in institutions of higher learning. The quantitative survey, Factors Influencing Hispanic Student Retention (FIHSR), was administered and analyzed to find differences between the studies subgroups: perceptions of higher education, parental support, degree of enculturation, and motivation among Hispanic students. The study found no significant difference in three of the four subgroups, perceptions of higher education, parental support, and degree of enculturation. Data analysis suggests Hispanic students feel a strong sense of ethnic pride. The final subgroup, motivation among Hispanic students, found a significant difference among collected data suggesting there may be a decrease in motivation as the degree of generation increases. Recommendations, for further study, may include a larger population sample, increased degree of generations, survey students from other Hispanic Serving Institutions, and conduct a comparison with non-Hispanic Serving Institutions within the state of Texas.


This paper updates a previous study of American Indian suicide in New Mexico which covered the years 1957-1979. Rates for completed suicides among the Apache, Navajo, and Pueblo for 1980-1987 are compared to earlier rates, as are selected demographic and situational variables. Major findings suggest that suicide rates are stabilizing or declining for all three groups in the most recent years. For the Apache and Pueblo groups, however, this trend may just be the downswing of cycles that have been identified by this study. Age-adjusted suicide rates for all three groups remain above US rates for 1980-1987, but some of this difference may be attributable to regional variation. Age-specific rates for all three groups remain above US rates for most age groups under 55 years. Apache rates are still the highest, followed by Pueblo and Navajo rates. A comparison of Indian and non-Indian suicide rates in New Mexico indicates higher rates for Indians, particularly in those counties where the Apache and Pueblo tribe...


The total polyphenols decreased in all stages of maturation, and ripening, whereas, the non-tannin phenolics contents were higher than the tannin phenolics in both white and pink varieties of guava and also the decreasing rate of non-tannin phenolics was much less than that of the tannin phenolics, although in both cases the non-tannin phenolics and the tannin phenolics were found to be decreased. The polyphenolic fractions, such as, simple polyphenols, hydrolysable tannins, non-tannin flavans and condensed tannins were found to be at a decreasing trend with maturation and ripening, although the content of hydrolysable tannins and non-tannin flavans was found to be small in quantity and the simple polyphenols constitute the major portion of the phenolics in the methanolic extract. The degree of polymerization of the methanolic extract was studied. The insoluble leucoanthocyanins were found to be the major component of the whole guava polyphenolics. There was no significant amount of polyphenoloxidase activity in immature and mature guava, but, at ripening the activity was noticeable. The activity was found to be increased remarkably at full ripening in both the varities.


Changes in the structure and organisation of health services are requiring clinicians to take on managerial and administrative responsibilities The need for training in managerial skills has, therefore, been endorsed by the College. This article discusses one of the key concepts in management, the business plan. We briefly describe the steps involved in writing a business plan, illustrated by a hypothetical example.


Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells fabricated on p-type silicon substrates usually demonstrate inferior
performance than those formed on n-type substrates. The influence of various structure parameters on the performance of the c-Si(p)-
based bifacial HIT solar cell, i.e., the TCO/a-Si:H(n)/a-Si:H(i)/c-Si(p)/a-Si:H(i)/a-Si:H(p+)/TCO solar cell, was investigated in detail by
computer simulation using the AFORS-HET software. The work function of the transparent conductive oxide was found to be a key
factor to affect the solar cell performance. Detailed influence mechanisms were analysed. Accordingly, the design optimization of the
bifacial HIT solar cells on c-Si(p) substrates was provided.


Again and again—with fortunate regularity—we find the theatre community reflecting the social and political concerns of our country. The controversy centering on the form of an evolving identity for country and theatre, with some hopes pinned on the ethic of nationalism, some on internationalism, continues into the 1980's unabated. Mavor Moore, first chairman of the Canadian Theatre Centre and Guild of Canadian Playwrights, now chairman of the Canada Council, as well as an actor and playwright of distinction, has been intimately involved with this dilemma throughout his career. In the following address, delivered to the International Federation for Theatre Research at the University of Toronto last August, he tackles these points outlining a vision of our contradictory past and the various directions implied for tomorrow in that founding.