On May 13 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) held that an Internet search engine operator (ISEO), such as Google, is responsible for processing personal information that appears on web pages published by third parties. As a consequence, the CJEU ruled that an ISEO must consider requests from individuals to remove links to (legally available) information online (web pages) that result from a search on their name. Justifications for removal include cases where the search results "appear to be inadequate, irrelevant or no longer relevant, or excessive in relation to those purposes and in the light of the time that has elapsed".1 Limits to the delinking include "the nature of the information in question and its sensitivity for the data subject's private life and on the interest of the public in having that information, an interest which may vary, in particular, according to the role played by the data subject in public life".2 If the ISEO rejects the request, the individual may ask relevant authorities to consider the case. In some cases, the ISEO may be ordered to remove the links from search results.


The pharmacokinetics of 2‐PAM, a component of the current nerve agent antidote therapy for U.S. military forces was compared to the pharmacokinetics of another acetylcholinesterase reactivator HI‐6. Additionally, the effects of these compounds on muscle tissue following intramuscular injection was examined. Plasma concentrations of the oximes were determined by HPLC. Plasma concentration—time profiles for both oximes fit a one‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption and elimination. The results demonstrate that the half‐time of absorption of the two oximes are nearly the same while the maximum plasma concentration of HI‐6 was significantly higher than that for 2‐PAM. Musculoirritancy was assessed on the basis of quantitative histological examinations of the injection sites and by the measurement of serum creatinine phosphokinase. Comparison of the scores from the histological sections demonstrate no difference between the two oximes. Serum creatinine phosphokinase values were elevated following injections of HI‐6, but were not consistently elevated following the 2‐PAM injections.


Ramalin (γ-glutamyl-N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazide) isolated from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata has been shown to have strong antioxidant activities in the previous study. To investigate additional activities of ramalin, we studied the effects of ramalin on melanogenesis in melan-a cells, a non-tumorigenic melanocyte cell line. At a non-cytotoxic concentration, ramalin dramatically decreased melanin synthesis in melan-a cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was more potent than arbutin, a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor. Ramalin inhibited cell-free tyrosinase activity directly and intracellular tyrosinase activity as well. Its inhibitory mechanisms on melanin production were further assessed, and we found that ramalin significantly decreased the protein levels of melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). However, the mRNA levels of these enzymes were not altered. In a clinical study, application of 0.2 % ramalin on human skin significantly improved the degree of skin brightness after 3 weeks. In conclusion, ramalin has strong anti-melanogenic activity that is exerted both by the direct inhibition of tyrosinase activity and by down-regulation of melanogenic proteins. Furthermore, ramalin showed skin brightening effect in a clinical study. Collectively, these results suggest that ramalin may be a useful inhibitor for melanogenesis in skin.


History is made up of different dimensions such as person,time,space,event and so on.In fact every dimension is a kind of pedigree.In a special times,different historians value one dimension more and another less.Take One Day in China by Maodun as an example.He gives us "One Day History" ,which means the dimension of time with which other dimensions will change.Persons have turned into the common people; great events into daily life; vivid life can be seen."One Day History" values the history of common people instead of heroes,which will make up a compete history.When complete history is studied,inner connections should be communicated.In the view of whole world,the significance of daily events should be determined.


The concept of "Mutual Learning" was introduced by the authors in Part I of this paper which was presented at the 2019 ACC. This is the second of the series of papers the authors propose to write on this subject. The principal question addressed in all of them concerns the process by which two agents "learn" from each other. More specifically, the question is how two (or more) agents should share their information to improve their performance.In Part I, the concept of mutual learning was introduced and discussed briefly in the context of two deterministic learning automata learning from each other in a static random environment. In this paper, we first provide some reasons why the concept can become complex even in such simple situations, and propose some (weak) necessary conditions for the problem to be well defined. Following this, we consider similar questions which arise when two agents use reinforcement learning in both static and dynamic environments. In particular, in the latter category, mutual learning in Markov Decision Processes (MDP) with finite states is discussed. Simulation results are presented wherever appropriate to complement the theoretical discussions.


A new kind of sulfonated copolyimides(SPIs) with higher hydrolysis stability containing both of naphthalene and phthalazinone moieties in polymer's main chain were successfully synthesized from 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl-3,3'-disulfonic acid(BAPBDS),1,2-dihydro-2-(4-aminophenyl)-4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-phthalazin-1-one(DHPZDA) and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride(NTDA) via direct polymerization,which are potentially utilized as proton exchange membrane in PEMFC.The obtained sulfonated polymers(SPIs) had high molecular weight with the inherent viscosity ranged from 0.41 to 1.00 dL/g in concentrated(95%) sulfuric acid when samples varied from 20% to 140% of sulfonation degree.The chemical structure of the SPIs was carefully characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR,and the thermo-behavior of copolymers by thermalgravimeteic analysis(TGA) was also investigated.The yellow,transparent and tough membranes cast from m-cresel solutions of the SPIs were obtained,which were utilized to investigate the physicochemical properties of these new copolymers.The data demonstrated that the membranes had better solubility and hydrolysis stabilities than the other analogeous SPIs.


The purpose of the article is to pose the problem of the universals of urban design and show schematic features of its solution in modeling and planning ensemble spaces of modern cities. An integral, correlatively universal model of urban design is yet to be created in the paradigm of sustainable development of "smart garden-cities" - as opposed to stochastic random development processes of urban territories following some quick-fix projects. Deductive and inductive methods are proposed as a basis. The general methodology is developed in the spectrum of transitions from generalized vision in the logic of universals, to particulars, revealing in the specifics of the unique. In a city that lives its own life, as a kind of faceted, multisided "Philosopher's stone", the universals are present everywhere and realized in the consistency of each and every element. Urban ensemble spaces that organically link the unique expressiveness of every historical chronotope gain their own algorithms in the process of urban design, supported by modeling and planning. The main results relating to the productivity in application of the universals as criteria for the estimation of architectural urban design were obtained in the design activities of the LLC "SynARChiya" and in the educational process in Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.


We report the implementation of compound imaging with backward second harnionic generation (SHG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) in a standard confocal microscope. Various biological tissues, including skin, muscle and ocular tissues (e.g. cornea. iris, choroid, and sclera) have been investigated with different sample preparation methods (fresh, fixation). The results show that collagen-rich ocular tissues, like cornea, iris, choroids, and sclera can produce strong SHG signals. In sclera, there are not only plenty of collagen, but also various endogenous fluorophores. The organization of collagen fibers in sclera is clearly distinguishable from its SHG images viewed transversely and horizontally respectively. We also find that fixation of the sample with formaldehyde has reduced the intensity of SHG intensity by almost 5O%. As the SHG and TPEF can provide complementary information about collagen and fluorophores rich biological tissues, compound imaging of SHG and TPEF presented in this study is believed to have potential applications in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis.


PFA sheets were modified with remote hydrogen plasma, and effects of the modification on the adhesion between copper layer and FEP were investigated. Remote hydrogen plasma treatment for a short time of 30 s is able to make the PFA surface hydrophilic. The remote hydrogen plasma treatment causes defluorination and oxidation of PFA surface. The extent of the defluorination is 42−48%, and the oxidation reaches 9−13% of the total carbon atoms. The modification of the PFA surface by the remote hydrogen plasma is effective in the adhesion to copper metal. The peel strength for the copper metal/PFA system is improved from 0 to 101 mN/5 mm by the surface modification. The failure mode of the copper metal/PFA system is an inner layer of the plasma-treated PFA layer. The remote hydrogen plasma treatment is the preferable pretreatment of the PFA surface for adhesion with copper metal.


This patient with amyloid goiter had secondary paralysis of the vocal cords without bulky laryngeal lesions. Amyloid infiltration of the perilaryngeal tissues with secondary fibrosis involved the recurrent laryngeal nerves. In addition, amyloid involvement of the cricopharyngeus muscle caused improper deglutition and aspiration. This was relieved with cricopharyngeal myotomy. The distinguishing aspects of this case and amyloid goiter are compared and contrasted with amyloidosis as a disease entity. The striking clinical feature of amyloid goiter is its rapid growth. Exacting pathological evaluation of tissue samples are necessary to make the correct diagnosis. Amyloid goiter must be differentiated from thyroid carcinoma, Reidel's struma, granulomatous thyroiditis, and the fibrous type of struma lymphomatosa.


IntroductionOutcome measures (OMs) are an important aspect of clinical practice, but there is limited information available on practice concerning OMs among prosthetists and orthotists. This preliminary study aims to identify OMs used, frequency of OM use, and barriers to OM use among prosthetists and orthotists in the United Kingdom (UK). Materials and MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional survey. A 34-item online questionnaire was devised and administered via the Web site of the British Association of Prosthetists and Orthotists. ResultsA total of109 complete responses were received. Results indicate that the majority of prosthetists and orthotists in the UK use OMs; however, only 28% are routine users. Use of OMs is affected by factors including education, work environment, and clinical specialty. Lack of training, availability of clinical time for review appointments, and motivation are reported as barriers to the routine use of OMs. ConclusionsA picture of current practice concerning OMs among UK prosthetists and orthotists is presented.


Huang Y., Peng L., Liu Y., Zhang Z., Lv L., Zhao G. (2013): Evaluation of essential and toxic elements concentrations in different parts of buckwheat. Czech J. Food Sci., 31: 249–255. The elements concentrations in different parts of buckwheat and the commercial products of it were analysed by ex perimental and chemometric approaches. The results indicated that the essential and toxic elements concentrations were significantly different in various parts of the buckwheat, with the seeds revealing the lowest concentrations. The elemental patterns were not significantly different between Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn and F. esculentum Moench. Abundant essential elements were found in the commercial buckwheat tea. The detection of heavy metals manifested the potential toxicity of buckwheat.


A retrospective review of motivation in language learning and teaching shows that motivation is a complex phenomenon, which includes many components: the individual's drive, need for achievement and success, curiosity and desire for stimulation and new experience, communicative need, attitudes toward the second language community and teachers, sell-image and so on. All these factors play a key role in every kind of learning situation. One should pay great attention to the inspiration of motivation in language study no matter if he is a teacher or a student.


Sorption and transport studies of several industrial solvents have been investigated through a Uralite 3142 polyurethane. Diffusion coefficients have been measured for the preswollen and fully swollen polyurethanes. For majority of solvents, non-Fickian transport mode was observed and these results have been interpreted in terms of polymer-penetrant interactions. Temperature-dependent diffusion parameters followed the Arrhenius relation from which energy of activation have been obtained. The Flory–Rehner equation, in spite of its limitations, has been found to be useful to estimate the molar mass between crosslinks of the network polyurethane.


Hepatitis B is considered a main problem in public health because of its high virulence and chronicity in global scales. Health professionals, including dentists, they are vulnerable to the risk of infection to the disease, due to exposure to occupational activities, as well as the risk of needlestick injuries. Thus, protective measures, as immunization against hepatitis B, are considered as well as a professional prerogative a self-care attitude in health. The aim of the study was to conduct a literature review on hepatitis B, emphasizing the problematic "Immunization of dentists against hepatitis B and its associated factors". For the collection of scientific studies, the databases were consulted: Pubmed, Scielo, Bireme and Medline, no date restriction and language. For the selection of studies, prior reading of titles and those elected from the inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed. They were part of the review 16 articles dated from 1978 to 2015, with the study population comprised of dentists and type of intervention on knowledge and attitude professionals about the immunization theme. It was found that vaccinattion coverage and immunization against hepatitis B virus is still poor attitude among dentists. The factors associated with this problem should be addressed in future studies, given its importance in dental clinical implications. In this way, the awareness and the valuing of health self-care are essential points that should be considered for responsible professional activity. Descriptors: Dentistry; Dentists; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Immunization.


The implementation of the research goal, which was to determine the main functional characteristics of a person's life and professional strategy, was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the results of his own research. The article substantiates the essence of the concept of "life strategies", "professional strategies" based on the analysis of scientific psychological literature. On the basis of the author's own research, a characterization of the professional strategies inherent in people of different age periods was carried out. In the structure of the characteristics, the following parameters were selected: the age of education seekers, the form of education, the strategy of choosing a profession and an educational institution, the presence of a profession and the presence of professional experience. Based on the analysis of the results of the author's research, the following characteristics were identified: the ability to adapt to the conditions of the profession and life, stress resistance, readiness for professional development, readiness to achieve professional success, professional activity, professional mobility, attitude to the profession as the implementation of a life plan. Combinations of these features made it possible to distinguish professional strategies: a strategy of cooperation, a strategy of professional creativity, a strategy of professional development and professional health.
Keywords: life strategies, professional strategies, professional development, personal development, helping professions


This document announces an extension of the time period for submitting comments, data, and information on the framework document for commercial pre-rinse spray valves, published on September 11, 2014. The comment period is extended to November 12, 2014. DATES: The comment period for the framework document for commercial pre-rinse spray valves, published on September 11, 2014 (79 FR 54213) is extended to November 12, 2014. ADDRESSES: Interested persons may submit comments by any of the following methods: • Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments. • Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Include EERE–2014–BT–STD–0027 and/ or regulation identifier number (RIN) 1904–AD31 in the subject line of the message. All comments should clearly identify the name, address, and, if appropriate, organization of the commenter. Submit electronic comments in WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, portable data format (PDF), or American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) file format, and avoid the use of special characters or any form of encryption. • Mail: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, Mailstop EE–5B, Notice of Availability of Framework Document for Commercial Pre-rinse Spray Valves, EERE–2014–BT–STD– 0027 and/or RIN 1904–AD31, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121. Phone: (202) 586–2945. If possible, please submit all items on a compact disc (CD), in which case it is not necessary to include printed copies. (Please note that comments sent by mail are often delayed and may be damaged by mail screening processes.) • Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Office, 6th Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza SW., Washington, DC 20024. Phone: (202) 586–2945. If possible, please submit all items on a CD, in which case it is not necessary to include printed copies. All submissions received must include docket number EERE–2014–BT– STD–0027 and/or regulatory identification number (RIN) 1904– AD31. Docket: The docket is available for review at http://www.regulations.gov, and will include Federal Register notices, framework document, notice of proposed rulemaking, public meeting attendee lists and transcripts, comments, and other supporting documents/materials throughout the rulemaking process. The regulations.gov Web page contains simple instructions on how to access all documents, including public comments, in the docket. The docket can be accessed by searching for docket number EERE– 2014–BT–STD–0027 on the regulations.gov Web site. All documents in the docket are listed in the http:// www.regulations.gov index. However, not all documents listed in the index may be publicly available, such as information that is exempt from public disclosure. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. James Raba, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Office, EE–5B, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 586–8654. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. In the Office of General Counsel, contact Ms. Celia Sher, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the General Counsel, GC–71, 1000 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20585–0121. Telephone: (202) 287–6122. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On September 11, 2014, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) published a document in the Federal Register initiating a rulemaking and data collection process to consider establishing energy conservation standards for commercial pre-rinse spray valves. 79 FR 54213. In that document, DOE announced the availability of a framework document. The document provided for the submission of written comments by October 27, 2014, and oral comments were also accepted at a public meeting held on September 30, 2014. The Plumbing Manufacturers International requested, by letter dated October 9, 2014, an extension of the public comment period for the framework document, in view of the breadth, technical nature, and amount of data requested, and to ensure that key domestic and international industry representatives have adequate time to review and provide comments. DOE has determined that an extension of the public comment period for the framework document is appropriate to allow interested parties additional time to submit comments for DOE's consideration. Thus, DOE is extending the comment period by 15 days. DOE will consider any comments received by November 12, 2014 to be timely submitted.


The saturation magnetostriction constants λ100 and λ111 of YIG and Fe(1-x)Alx (x=0.17, 0.20, 0.23, 0.25) single crystals were measured by a capacitance method at room temperature. The capacitance cell used in this experiment was designed to be convenient for measuring the constants of spherical samples from 0.5 mm to 10 mm in diameter with sufficient sensitivity to measure elongations of 0.1Å. The magnetostriction constants λ100 and λ111 of YIG were -1.43×10-6 and -2.88×10-6 respectively and were in very good agreement with the values observed by Callen, Clark, DeSavage, Coleman and Callen.


Chloroplasts possess an ATP-Pa-exchange activity, which is induced by a transition from acid to base. The reaction is dependant on the presence of Mg2⨁ and a reducing agent, DTT. The exchange reaction induced by acid-base transition has properties similar to the light-triggered ATP–Pa-exchange and the ATP-synthesis induced by acid-base transition.


HRTEM and scanning transmission x-ray spectromicroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS) were used to evaluate the electronic, structural and chemical changes induced by irradiating a CNT at different ion/electron doses. The NEXAFS spectra recorded on the pristine CNT show strong Ē-polarization dependence (linear dichroism) due to the anisotropy of the electronic structure. For increased irradiation time the Ē-polarization dependence decreases due to creation of sp defects. Local defect densities can be evaluated by the spatial distribution of the π* intensity. The relatively low reactivity of the CNT surface presents a challenge for their integration in actual devices. To tackle this drawback the interface reactivity can be tailored through the activation of the CNTsurface via grafting functional groups. Recently, site-selective functionalization of CNTs with nanoscale spatial resolution was shown to be possible. Using focused-ion-beam (FIB) irradiation high-chemicalreactivity segments can be created along the CNT axis via spatially resolved defect generation, followed by mild chemical treatments [1]. Irradiating CNTs with ions or electrons generates defects (vacancy clusters and unsaturated bonds) altering the CNT structure and influencing the local electronic properties. In this work, we combine HRTEM and scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) to evaluate the electronic, structural and chemical changes induced by irradiating a CNT at different doses. Different segments of the very same carbon nanotube, supported on a labelled grid commonly used for TEM analysis, were irradiated in a FEI Nova 200 FIB/SEM Dual Beam system equipped with a FIB of 5-30 kV Ga, and a SEM. HRTEM was carried out in a JOEL 3000F at EMAT, University of Antwerp, while STXM-NEXAFS was carried out at beamline 5.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source, Berkeley. STXM-NEXAFS combines near-edge absorption fine structure spectroscopy with energy resolution of 0.15 eV and microscopy with a spatial resolution better than 25 nm allowing studies of isolated nanotubes. Figure 1 compares NEXAFS spectra recorded on different segments of the same CNT. The spectrum recorded on the pristine segment (I) shows strong Ē polarization dependence; the intensity of the C1s → π* transition is found to be the highest when the E-vector is perpendicular to the tube axis, while it almost completely vanishes when the E-vector is parallel to the tube axis [2]. The polarization dependence decreases for increasing irradiation time (II, III) due to an increase in the density of sp defects. In addition to a gradual loss of the dichroic intensity of the C1s → π* peak for increasing irradiation time, the NEXAFS spectra show a gradual increase in the intensity of oxygen-related resonance peaks ranging from 287 to 289 eV indicating that ion-bombardment induced defects increase the chemical reactivity of the ion-irradiated CNT segment and enable selective functionalization. CNT structural modification and the creation of defects due to the irradiation will be discussed in the view of HRTEM analysis.


XPS has been used to investigate ion-exchange processes occurring at the surface of the fluoride ion-selective electrode membrane. It is shown that ion exchange occurs to a depth much greater than that of the outermost solid surface monolayer. The effect of hydroxide ion interference on the response of the electrode has been studied, and a mechanism for its action is proposed. Studies of electrode membranes exposed to carbonate and phosphate ions show that interferences on the response of the electrode cannot be interpreted by solubility product considerations alone.


Purpose. Studying the impact of noise pollution levels at the busiest intersections of Kyiv and determining the exceedances of normative values on the basis of national and international standards. Calculation of the probability of hearing loss under conditions of prolonged exposure to noise on the body of 40-year-old and 50-year-old workers during 30 years of service. Methods. In this paper, based on the obtained field measurement data, noise pollution on the main highways of Kyiv is analyzed. Topicality. The research is aimed at ensuring the safety of operating transport services and construction companies from the constant noise load, which creates traffic flows in the city and leads to occupational diseases. Studies have shown that at an 8-hour exposure in a worker under conditions of constant chronic noise load, there may be a shift in the audibility threshold depending on age and length of service. The method recommended by the international standard ISO1999 / 2013 can be used to determine the corrected level of noise pollution and safety of workers in the open air during the repair of highway overpasses. The scientific novelty lies in the determination of natural data on the noise load on the example of some of the busiest road junctions in Kyiv, where transport mainly moves at low speed and stands in traffic jams. The obtained average data during the working day indicate a noise load that is 18-20% higher than the normative value of workers working outdoors (80 dBA). Based on basic calculations of the probability of hearing loss because of noise pollution at an average level of 90 dBA for workers with 30 years of experience proved the need for enhanced software monitoring in areas of increased noise pollution for production sites and protection of workers for their safety. Practical significance. The research results are aimed at providing safety for workers outdoors during the repair of highways in large cities and on construction sites near major intersections. The importance of the work lies in the need to strengthen the existing dynamic control over working conditions and health of workers in the open air in the conditions of constant noise load of the city and the need to revise the requirements to the employer governing the protection of workers from noise. The research results showed that the maximum value of noise pollution in Kyiv near the main roads during the day is within the range of 87-94dBa, which is on average 11% higher than the normative value for open production sites. The probability of hearing loss of workers due to noise is 11.5% for 50-year-olds and 7% for 40-year-old workers with 30 years of service.


The countries members of the Special Latin American Coordinating Committee (CECLA), meeting at the ministerial level at Vifla del Mar, Chile, to examine the conditions surrounding international cooperation and the way in which this influences our external situation, and to propose new approaches that will take due account of current conditions in the Hemisphere, have agreed on the following common position for establishing jointly with the United States of America new bases for inter-American economic and social cooperation.


A system and method is disclosed by using a resynchronization marker for video transmission applications, to provide an improved design of coded video packets. Resynchronization marker has a bit length of the fixed range within each video object plane or video frame and is cyclically updated every video frame. Such coded video packet structure allows the decoder to find automatically the video object plane boundary without additional bit-stream costs. This is especially an advantage when a video object plane header is lost during transmission.


Conference interpreter training programs should explore the use of digital pen technology in the classroom and promote further research in this area.


An investigation was made of the influence of uniaxial elastic deformation of a crystal on the luminescence spectrum of screw dislocations in CdS allowing for their orientation relative to the deformation axis. An anisotropy of the structure of the cores of screw dislocations was observed: it was manifested by a local symmetry of the radiative dislocation centers found experimentally. The interaction of screw dislocations with the environment of other structural defects was found to be anisotropic


[reaction: see text] cis-Solamin (1) and its diastereoisomer 14 have been synthesized in 13 steps using the diastereoselective permanganate-promoted oxidative cyclization of 1,5-dienes to create the tetrahydrofuran diol core. Notably, no protecting groups are required during the stages of fragment assembly.


Nephritis as a complication of streptococcal infection has usually been regarded as a comparatively rare phenomenon except where certain specific " nephritogenic " strains are involved. Strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, the Lancefield group A, beta haemolytic streptococci, isolated from human skin have long been thought to lack the M protein antigen which appears essential for the expression of " virulence " and have been dismissed as comparatively harmless. Recently however there has been an embarrassing increase in our awareness of strains possessing " new " M antigens and able to cause both impetigo and acute glomerulonephritis. Parker (1969) in an admirable review of the subject draws attention to the fact that the concept of nephritis following cutaneous streptococcal infection is not a new one but that the extent of the nephritis in the tropics and subtropics has only recently been realized. Parker documents extensive investigations in Red. Lake, Alabama and Trinidad in which strains with new epidemic M antigens (M49, M55 and M57) have appeared. M type 49 has been shown to have a wider distribution than was at first apparent and has been isolated from patients in the U.S.A., Trinidad, Czechoslovakia and Holland (Maxted et al., 1967). The strains are " new " in that they have not previously been recognized either as cutaneous strains or as nephritogenic strains, for the common nephritogenic strain is M type 12. Type 12 strains are responsible for most cases of nephritis following infection of the upper respiratory tract but are seldom found in skin lesions even when found in throat cultures in the same population (e.g. Dillon et al., 1967). By contrast M type 49 has been isolated from cases of respiratory tract infection (Anthony et al., 1967) as well as from skin lesions. Other M types isolated from skin lesions of patients with acute glomerulonephritis include M type 2 (Dillon et al., 1968) which has a T protein antigen 25/Imp 19, a T antigen often associated with impetigo (the new M types 65 and 57 also had T 25/Imp 19) (Parker et al., 1955).


In terms of the Immigration Act 13 of 2002 (as amended), "the Act", it is possible to apply for permanent residence in South Africa. Indeed, the preamble to the Act specifically states that, "In providing for the regulation of admission of foreigners to, their residence in, their departure from the Republic and for matters connected therewith, the Immigration Act aims at setting in place a new system of immigration control which ensures that - (a) Temporary and permanent residence permits are issued as expeditiously as possible and on the basis of simplified procedures and objective, predictable and reasonable requirements and criteria, and without consuming excessive administrative capacity".


I learn so much about teaching and learning from people who share their work on the open web.  One of the most generous faculty I


Indices of capelin trawl biomass obtained in Canadian random stratification bottom trawl surveys are the only available at the present time indicators of capelin stock dynamics. In 2003-2004, trawl biomass of capelin in Divisions 3NO was 25.3 and 35.5 thousand tons correspondingly and the average since 1996 was 27.9 thousand tons. The average catch in these years per km was 0.37 and 0.42 thousand accordingly and the average was 0.38 thousand tons. The estimate in 2004 corresponded to a low level of the stock, which was observed in 1996, 20022003. Fishery was conducted in the years when this value was equal or higher than 2-t/km. Capelin stock in Div. 3NO remains in depressive state. Introduction Estimation of capelin stock (Mallotus villosus) in Div. 3NO was based on the results of Russian and Canadian acoustic surveys conducted before 1996. In all subsequent years, data on capelin by-catch in Canadian trawl surveys of demersal fish has been the only source of data on state of capelin stock. Before 1995, Yahkee 41-5 trawl and Engel 145 Hi-Lift trawl were used. Since autumn 1995, Campelen 1800 shrimp trawl has been applied as standard sampling gear. After taking in use a new trawl by-catches of capelin increased greatly, which made it even more difficult to interpret the obtained results. Since capelin is a pelagic fish species, a bottom trawl cannot be used as adequate sampling gear for quantitative estimation of the stock. Therefore, relationship between biomass indices from bottom trawl survey and stock size remains unclear. As analytical methods could not be applied, the purpose of this work was to estimate current state of capelin stock in the Div. 3NO according to the available indirect data. Materials and Methods The data used in this investigation was collected in Canadian trawl surveys of demersal species conducted in 19772004 in Div. 3NO and in Canadian acoustic surveys performed in 1981-1992 in Div. 3NO and in 1999-2004 in Div. 3L. Trawl surveys were conducted according to standard stratification grid based on depth intervals and lines of latitude and longitude (Doubleday, 1981; Bishop, 1994). The number of hauls was in proportion to the area of strata but not less than two in each.


: This study aims to investigate the direct impact of organizational justice and autonomy on employee retention within and after the pandemic of COVID-19 in the Malaysian manufacturing industry. As well as, exploring the indirect impact of organizational justice and autonomy on employee retention with mediating the role of job satisfaction on the relationship between the variables. This quantitative study adapted a survey and distributed it among the employees, 463 samples were valid to be analyzed via SPSS and AMOS to do CFA and EFA for the collected data. The study found a significant direct effect between organizational justice and autonomy on employee retention, while job satisfaction is partially mediating the relationship between organizational justice and autonomy toward employee retention in the Malaysian manufacturing industry. The authors conclude that the countries shall handle the current situation and retain skilled and talented employees to endure the sustainability of the organizations


"When asked to identify who is talking about deification in Western theological circles, my initial response is "Who isn"t?" It seems that almost every Protestant and Catholic theologian writing creatively and constructively in the last two to three decades has found it necessary to address the subject." 1 The explosion of theological interest Olson draws attention to is undoubted, but the time period he fixes needs lengthening. Well in advance of the work on divinization done by Hans Urs von Balthasar and the Finnish school of Luther research, C. S. Lewis (1898–1963) staged a "mini-restoration" of the theme to the center of Christian theology in the West. The claim of this essay is two-fold. First, when Lewis speaks of salvation and heaven, as he so often does, not only does he figure it as redemption, perfect happiness, "union with God," 2 and many other oft-used images, but also as divinization, 3 being made a god, the "blessed participation in [God"s] Life by a created spirit," 4 and other traditional though far less common metaphors. These images represent a crucial part of a real doctrine in Lewis"s works, rather than stray bursts of poetic enthusiasm. Second, Lewis presents friendship as an important means to becoming "those gods that we are described as being in Scripture." 5


Abstract : The primary command and control policy document for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been unchanged since 1971, the last time that DoD Directive 5100.30 titled The World Wide Military Command and Control System was published. Since this publication has, in effect, been obsolete for at least 10-15 years, one could argue that we have been operating without a Department-level C2 policy for at least that long. By all accounts, as witnessed during recent conflict, our tactical forces are doing a better job of C2 than ever before. The same might not be said for national and strategic C2. Nor may we believe coalition C2 is improved. This situation then begs the following questions: is tactical C2 better because we have no effective department-level policy or in spite of that fact? Is a broad Departmental policy for command and control required only at the strategic and national level, and, if so, what should it address? Is DoD C2 policy necessary to address strategic or tactical C2; national or global issues: regional or theater concerns: or should it be directed primarily toward the joint and coalition environment, or all of the above. A more basic issue is what areas of C2 should be addressed. Some potential categories that come to mind are national, strategic, nuclear, global, regional, theater, joint, tactical, coalition, etc. Finally, but not of least importance, regardless of the categories selected, is a C2 policy needed to determine who should be in charge of ensuring command and control capabilities, at any level, meet the needs of the warfighter and how do these roles and responsibilities fit with legislative and regulatory mandates? Importantly, as we move into a net-centric environment, does C2 change? Is an entirely new policy required that transcends previous policy? Logically, it seems a DoD directive that codifies overall C2 policy for the Department should be at the forefront of DoD directives.


The existence of a positive solution is obtained for the n th order right focal boundary value problem y (n) = f(x,y), 0 < x � 1, y (i) (0) = y (n 2) (p) = y (n 1) (1) = 0,i = 0,··· ,n 3, where 1 < p < 1 is fixed and where f(x,y) is singular at x = 0,y = 0, and possibly at y = 1. The method applies a fixed-point theorem for mappings that are decreasing with respect to a cone.


An investigation into the combining of image-processing schemes, speciflcally an image enhancement scheme, with existing compression schemes is discussed. Results are presented on the pyramid coding scheme, the subband coding scheme, and progressive transmission. Encouraging results are demonstrated for the combination of image enhancement and pyramid image coding schemes, especially at low bit rates. Adding the enhancement scheme to progressive image transmission allows enhanced visual perception at low resolutions. In addition, further processing of the transmitted images, such as edge detection schemes, can gain from the added image resolution via the enhancement. I. Introduction There is a new trend developing in the image-processing and image compression flelds that has to do with the convergence of the two flelds. This convergence has now become known as \second generation" image coding. It is the result of a growing need to handle large amounts of image data either in transmission or in automated image handling|such as image database query and retrieval|while the classical compression schemes are reaching their limits. It is now accepted that, in order to achieve more advanced compression schemes, we need to use our knowledge about images and their characteristic behavior to advantage in compression. In this article, we present an initial attempt to combine an image-processing scheme, speciflcally, an image enhancement scheme, with existing image compression schemes. At the image-processing end, we use our knowledge about the behavior of edges across scale (across difierent resolutions) in order to extrapolate in scale and increase the resolution of a blurred input image. The ability to extrapolate in scale is very useful for compression. We can envision data rate savings by not transmitting at certain frequencies and trying to reconstruct the information back at the receiver's end; we can think about combining image processing with existing image compression schemes, such as the subband coding (SBC) and pyramid schemes, to achieve additional savings; and, flnally, we can use this ability in progressive transmission applications, whereby the lower resolution images get enhanced and, thus, information can be extracted at earlier stages of the transmission.


Even with the current efficient legged robots' control techniques, unexpected situations may occur, leading the system to a fall. For the robot to recover mobility, it must be capable of autonomously repositioning itself. The named Self-Righting task aims to solve the problem of robot mobility recovery with a set of reference poses. This work proposes using a Reference Governor Control (RGC) for a quadrupedal robot's stand-up sub-task in a closed-loop scheme. The RGC is composed of a predictive controller based on the robot's states and the constraints' forces obtained from its interaction with the environment. From the results, it is possible to observe that the proposed solution can reposition the robot to a fully recovered mobility state.


Thanh Nguyen explains how game theory and algorithms are being used to optimise security and patrol schedules to thwart terrorist attacks


This dissertation examines the experience of those involved in the typhoid fever outbreak at Camp Thomas, Chickamauga National Military Park, Georgia between April and August 1898. Among American volunteer soldiers in the Spanish-American War, those stationed at this camp suffered the highest number of typhoid cases and deaths from typhoid. Treatments of the war have referred to the outbreak and some studies have examined it as part of wider subjects, but none from the standpoint of those involved, commanders, doctors, civilians, officers and enlisted men. The mobilized soldiers represented numerous states and reflected the disease experience of civilian society. The study considers the mobilization process, the disease outbreak and the aftermath. INDEX WORDS: Spanish-American War Disease, Typhoid Fever, U.S. Volunteers, Walter Reed, Camp Thomas, Chickamauga PUBLIC AND PRIVATE VOICES: THE TYPHOID FEVER EXPERIENCE AT CAMP THOMAS: 1898 by


The focus of this thesis work was the development of an approachto couple a previosly existing Thermal Energy Storage (TES) modelwritten in C++ with a Simulink/Simscape plant model to simulate anAd ...


Certain colloquialisms reveal that this book is based on a series of university lectures delivered to audiences that were principally from a Protestant background. It is regrettable that infelicities of style, as well as idiosyncratic punctuation along with simple typographical errors, are allowed to mar the text; a more careful copy-editing would undoubtedly have enhanced the finished product. Similarly the clarity of some sentences, at least in this edition, ought to have been improved, e.g. 'For the basic understanding of the office, open to a unforeseeable variety of forms and change, impacts without fail this form and change—on the simple ground, because the "base" of the office always appears only in a concrete form, and the holders of the office cannot for this reason split their praxis into "principal" and "changeable" acts of office' (p. 224) and, 'In objection to supposed or here and there even actual "separatist" tendencies, the hierarchical structure of the Church is not commented on using the idea of the community of particular churches, in and from which according to article 23 of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church the universal Church "exists", not illumined in its actual sense and therefore also limited ...' (p. 343). Nevertheless the English-speaking theological community is grateful to have the insights contained in this popular German work from this particular theologian.


Objective To study the efficacy of combination of liposomal prostaglandin E1(Lipo PGE1)and benazepril in treatment of early diabetic nephropathy(DN)and clinical DN with normal renal function.Methods 76 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus with DN were randomly allocated into control group(with benazepril)and trial group(with benazepril and Lipo PGE1).Findings of urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),serum levels of creatinine and BUN were examined and they were compared between these two groups before treatment and eight weeks after treatment.Results UAER had been significantly decreased in both groups(P0.05),and it was more significant in trial group than that in control group(P0.05).Serum creatinine level had been significantly decreased in trial group(P0.05).Serum creatinine level was not significantly decreased in control group during the follow-up period(P0.05).There was no significant decrease in serum levels of BUN,FBG,MAP,TC and TG seen in both groups.Conclusion Combination of Lipo PGE1 and benazepril can rapidly decrease UAER and improve renal function of patients with early DN and clinical DN with normal renal function.They are stable in improving renal function without obvious adverse reactions.


The prevalence of leptospirosis was investigated in dogs from Campina Grande city, State of Paraiba, Brazil, and the risk factors for infection were analyzed. Two hundred and eighty five blood samples were collected from dogs during the rabies vaccination campaign, in September 2003. The diagnostic method run for leptospirosis was the microscopic agglutination test, using a batch of 22 leptospiral serovars. The most prevalent serovar was found crossing the results of frequency and titer of agglutinins. The prevalence was 21.4% (95% CI = 16.8%-26.6%) and most frequent reactant serovars were autumnalis (7.4%), copenhageni (6%) and canicola (2.1%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for leptospirosis were: age older than one year (odds ratio = 3.00; P = 0.006), mixed breed (odds ratio = 4.02; P = 0.011) and occurrence of floods in the area (odds ratio = 2.32; P = 0.039).


This paper describes the manufacture of certain transparent colored lacquers and their use as color filters in the semispectroscopic detection of the alkaline metals.


Objective To analyze the CT and MR imaging features of mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) of the pancreas. Methods Eighteen cases of MCNs were proved pathologically, including 11 cases of cystadenoma, 4 cases of borderline cystic neoplasms and 3 cases of cystadenocarcinoma. All pati- ents were performed with CT and/or MR scans, and the imaging findings were retrospectively evaluated. Results The mean tumour sizes of MCNs were 6.7 cm. Eleven cases were found in the body or tail of the pancreas. Except 2 cases of unilocular cystadenoma without septa, the remaining 16 cases of MCNs were multilocular. Three cases of cystadenocarcinoma revealed thick peripheral wall and septa or mural nodules, and 2 of these 3 cases show cystic cavities measuring more than 2.0 cm in size. Thirteen cases (benign or borderline) revealed thin peripheral wall and internal septa with cystic cavities measuring more than 2.0 cm in size, without mural nodules. One case with peripheral wall calcification, 4 cases with pancreatitis, 1 case with common bile duct dilatation and 1 case with vascular encasement were detected in 18 cases of MCNs. Conclusion The imaging characteristics of MCNs may be helpful in differentiating these lesions from other cystic masses, and CT/MR can be useful for the diagnosis of MCNs.


We report on an Ytterbium gain band, holey fiber based modulation instability laser. The all fiber integrated source produces a 40 GHz train of 4 ps pulses at a wavelength of 1064 nm.


Abstract:Hobbes's Leviathan has long been recognized as a classic in the history of Western political thought. This essay argues that this work deserves this accolade because some of the central antinomies of modern political experience—between scientific knowledge and the search for meaning, between reason and the passions in human psychology, and between the individual's will and the power of the collective—are brilliantly recounted in this work. Above all, the piece emphasizes the originality of Hobbes's construction of sovereignty through the theory of authorship and representation. The essay concludes by suggesting a feminist critique of Hobbes's view of human nature.


ABSTRACT The interleaved boost power converter has the advantages of ripple cancellation and better efficiency. The major problem of the interleaved boost power converter is the current balancing among different phases of the boost power converters. In this paper, a current balancing control method for equalizing the currents of two-phase interleaved boost power converter is proposed. The output current can effectively detect the mismatch between the boost power converters for the interleaved boost power converter. The output current is used to perform both the current balance and the current-mode control. The salient feature is that only one current sensor is used in the proposed current balancing control method. A hardware prototype is developed, and the experimental results verify the performance of the proposed current balancing control method is as expected.


PAGE Adams, Frank D. An Experimental Contribution to the Question of the Depth of the Zone of Flow in the Earth's Crust 97 Address Delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Geological Society of London. By W. W. Watts. Review by A. E. F. 582 Anderson, F. M. A Correction (of paper by E. T. Dumble) 68o Andrews, E. C. An Excursion to the Yosemite (California), or Studies in the Formation of Alpine Cirques, "Steps," and Valley "Treads." Review by A. E. F. 192 Annual Administrative Report of the State Geologist for the Year 1910. By Henry B. Kiimmel. Review by A. E. F. 580 Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, A Report on the Geological and Mineral Resources of the. By Chester Albert Reeds. Review by A. E. F. 287 Atlas photographique des formes du relief terrestre. Review by W .W .A.. 676 Atwood, Wallace W. Geology and Mineral Resources of Parts of the Alaska Peninsula. Author's Abstract 675 Some Triassic Fossils from Southeastern Alaska 653 Atwood, Wallace W., and Kirtley F. Mather. The Evidence of Three Distinct Glacial Epochs in the Pleistocene History of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado 385 Australian Glaciations. By Walter Howchin 193


Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting children, as a chronic disease, it affects not only the child but also the entire family. Approximately seventy five percent of epilepsy begins during childhood. Parents play the most significant role in caring for their children and helping them adapt to their conditions especially mothers. Aim: The study aimed to assess the parent`s awareness regarding their epileptic children in Minia University Maternal and Children Hospital. Study design: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to conduct this study. Subject: A convenience sample of 250 parents have epileptic children was selected. Setting: This study was carried out at the neuro- psychiatric outpatient clinic at Minia University Maternal and Children Hospital. Tools: Four tools were utilized in this study; The First tool: socio-demographic data questionnaire. The Second tool: assessment questionnaire of parents' knowledge about epilepsy. The Third tool: assessment scale of parents' attitude towards their epileptic children. The Fourth tool: assessment questionnaire of parents' practices towards their epileptic children. Results: The results showed that fifty-nine point two percent of parent had poor knowledge about epilepsy, ninety-three point two percent had positive attitude and seventy-two point eight percent of them had poor practices. Conclusion: This study has revealed deficiencies in the knowledge, practices and positive attitude among the parent of children with epilepsy. Recommendations: From our study we have some recommendations: Establishment of national guidelines for diagnosis and management of seizures either in hospital and in outpatient or home management. Health education for parents about seizure precautions and home management of seizures through clear and applicable guidelines.


We study the large-time behavior of continuum alignment dynamics based on Cucker–Smale (CS)-type interactions which involve short-range kernels, that is, communication kernels with support much smaller than the diameter of the crowd. We show that if the amplitude of the interactions is larger than a finite threshold, then unconditional hydrodynamic flocking follows. Sincewedonot impose any regularity nor dowe require the kernels to bebounded, the result covers both regular and singular interaction kernels.Moreover, we treat initial densities in the general class of compactly supportedmeasureswhich are required to have positivemass on average (over balls at small enough scale), but otherwise vacuum is allowed at smaller scales. Consequently, our arguments of hydrodynamic flocking apply, mutatis mutandis, to the agent-based CS model with finitely many Dirac masses. In particular, discrete flocking threshold is shown to depend on the number of dense clusters of communication but otherwise does not grow with the number of agents.


Twenty-three navel orange trees were grown in outdoor solution cultures for a period of 11 years to measure the effect of iron deficiency on fruit production and quality. When the concentration of iron in spring-cycle leaves was below 30 ppm (based on weight of dry leaves) in September, the production of fruit was less than when iron concentration exceeded 30 ppm. As the iron content decreased below this value, fruit production declined progressively and reached essentially zero at 15 ppm of iron. Fruit quality at harvest was not seriously affected except for some loss in color and the fact that iron content of the juice was about proportional to that in the leaves. The decrease in yield was due to fewer fruits being matured. Actual fruit sizes were the same or slightly larger in iron-deficient trees. Twig dieback was observed as a symptom of the degree of iron deficit that caused loss of fruit yield.


Based on the existing problems in the management of scenic spots in China, this paper analyzes the current situation and the management of north scenic spots of Changbai Mountain. It points out the existing problems and has put forward corresponding solutions to the innovation of the management of scenic areas, and to promote the sustained and good development of tourist attractions of Changbai


An experimental investigation has been performed to study the effect of hole shape and position on the cooling performance of a gas turbine stator. Two rows of laid-back fan-shaped holes are placed on the pressure side of a scaled vane in a two-dimensional cascade and compared with two identical rows of standard cylindrical exit. Both hole shapes have the same base diameter and were investigated at three different blowing ratios (1, 1.35, and 1.7) with the same coolant flow rate used in each case. The experiments are conducted for the first row of holes only, then for the second row only, and finally for both two rows together at a 0.9 density ratio. The mainstream inlet Reynolds number based on the true chord is 1.4E5 and the exit Mach number is 0.23. The local distributions of the heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness are obtained using a transient TLC technique. The second row of holes, with by a higher local radius of curvature, shows a 40% decrease in the cooling effectiveness as well as a 10% increase in the heat transfer coefficient near downstream of the hole compared with that obtained by the first hole. The double injection provides a slight increase in the cooling effectiveness and a lower heat transfer coefficient due to the favorable interaction between both injections.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Currently, we live in a society dominated by the image. Now, more than ever, the old adage "a picture is worth a thousand words" make sense. Presently consumers are more demanding and visual information has been gaining importance. The cinema always generated imaginary in people's minds. The 7th Art was created at the end of the nineteenth century, and since then it has influenced the society. The images of the most emblematic movies remain in the mind of the spectator. Tourism is an important economic activity in many any countries all over the world. Growing competiveness of tourism destinations challenges the stutus quo fostering more imagination and investment in the promotion strategies of places. This research aims to assess the relationship between cinema and tourism. Although at first glance it may seem totally unrelated areas, they complement each other. Under a coherent and proactive strategically management we can obtain excellent results. Studying issues such as the image of tourism, the tourist imaginary, and the functions carried out by the Film Commissions, among other relevant aspects, we proceeded by review of the literature on this new emerging area: the joint venture of cinema and tourism to promote places. The results showed an increasingly relation between cinema and tourism. The factors and determinants taken into account where related to the Portuguese reality, where this study was developed. In order to consolidate and demonstrate the relevance of this synergy between cinema and tourism, we carried out a survey and several interviews with cinema industry experts.


Financial development is a vital part that should be possessed by a district, where stable monetary development will prompt thriving in a locale. Monetary development is supposed to be steady, it very well may be perceived the way that individuals' advancement in using the climate pretty much contained in the actual area. Miniature, Little and Medium Ventures in Indonesia are one of the colleagues to public monetary development, so the effect of this business needs consideration as per its mentors so they can make gifts that are more helpful both in provincial financial turn of events, as well as in the incorporation of work with regards to defeating destitution. Joblessness and lessen destitution. Miniature, Little and Medium Endeavors can retain countless specialists, accordingly, the joblessness rate in Indonesia can likewise be limited, through Mikro. Little and Medium Undertakings, people group laborers can be enabled by Mikro. Little and Medium Undertakings This study plans to decide the impact of the development of small scale and medium organizations on the financial development of individuals in Mandailing Natal.


In the process of exploring the path of sustainable development, China has gained rich experience and established the target mode. Faced with the restrictive factors to sustainable development, the following measures should be taken: save energy and reduce emissions for the growth of intensive economy; establish and improve the environmental and disaster insurance system; perfect environmental and economic policies and regulations; draw lessons from past disasters; enhance the national quality of environmental conservation; and promote the construction of a clean and honest administration.


assesses modes of display and interpretation of Senegalese art in Dakar and abroad. Finally, in the last two chapters, "After the Avant-Garde" and "Passport to the Global Art World," Harney explores the complex interactions among cultural nationalism, postcolonial identity, and emergent Senegalese artistic modernism. Highlighting the distinctive cultural history that shaped Senegalese modernism, Harney reveals its innovations, diversity, and dynamism. She also features artists who graduated from the Art School in the early 1990s. Interestingly, the author's assessment of the increasing transnational nature of Dakar's art world leads to a reflection on the marketing of international art. Though it covers thirty-five years of Senegalese art history, this study would have been more up-to-date if the author had continued her analysis of Senegalese artistic trends until the present. Ginette Curry Florida International University Miami, Florida


The same policies that fostered decades of prosperity in Singapore have also led to longer-term economic ills that might have been averted in a freer society.


To solve the problem of shadow area in wireless network, a metasurface is expected to anomalously reflect the wave from base station to user in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) area. However, the sensitivity between an incident and reflection angles makes more inflexibility for reflector installation. Therefore, the technique to maintain the reflection angle of reflector, as the incident angle changed, is studied by separating supercell of metasurface. From both of simulation and experimental results, the designed 28 GHz metasurface can maintain a constant reflection angle at 45° while the incident angle is varied up to 0° - 10° without re-designing process.


Urban heat island is a serious phenomenon affecting human discomfort, health problem and increased pollution. A lot of initiative was taken to decrease its impact. However, as urban area is developed tremendously, this scenario is still a serious issue. This study attempted to identify occurring of urban heat island in Penang Island, MBPP area by using a method of temperature field observation. All the data obtained were analysed to get the temperature contour image by using ArcGIS 10.1 software through SPLINE techniques and CLIP. The results showed that showed the existence of the urban heat island at the MBPP area occurred between 7 a.m to 10 p.m. This phenomenon occured in congested area and during peak hour. The study concluded that heat island has increased yearly due to various factors such as increased of population and motor vehicles because of development, industrialization and urbanization.


Through research methods such as drilling,geophysical logging and sampling test,this paper studied the late Permian sedimentary environment of Weining Jindou exploration area,and coal quality variation characteristics.The results showed that sedimentary environment of Weining county JinDou exploration area was the continental region flood lake type.The occurrence of eastern coal seam was better than the middle and western coal seam.The main coal quality is bituminous coal which belonged to coal type with specially low total moisture,high ash,specially low sulfur,middle volatile matter,middle low calorific value,high caking property and low fixed carbon.


To reduce volatilization of the fumigant methyl bromide (MeBr) from soil into the atmosphere, attempts were made to enhance microbial degradation of MeBr in soil by stimulating the activity of soil nitrifiers. Disappearance of MeBr in limed Arredondo soil (pH 7.70) treated with an ammonia-based nitrogen fertilizer, (NH4)2SO4, was initially more rapid than in unlimed Arredondo soil (pH 5.5-5.7). Disappearance of MeBr in limed soil with or without treatment of (NH4)2SO4 that received 20 μg/g MeBr was more rapid than in the corresponding soil samples that received a higher rate of MeBr (50 μg/g). Due to higher nitrification activity in limed surface soil (0-15 cm depth) than in limed subsurface soil (15-30 cm depth), disappearance of MeBr in the surface soil with or without (NH4)2SO4 treatment was also more rapid than in the corresponding subsurface soil. Both microbial and chemical degradation were involved in the MeBr degradation in soil, with chemical degradation possibly being the major factor. Contribution from microbial degradation was greater in soil treated with (NH4)2SO4 than in untreated soil, and up to 57% of MeBr degradation was attributed to microbial degradation, mainly by the activity of nitrifiers during the oxidation of ammonia. Inoculation of an ammonia oxidation bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718, to soil greatly stimulated the initial degradation of MeBr. In conclusion, stimulation of MeBr degradation in soil can be achieved through liming and application of an ammonia fertilizer as well as through inoculation of an ammonia oxidation bacterium. Consequently, the rate of MeBr flux into the atmosphere may be reduced after fumigation is completed.


Sulfur-Iodine (SI) cycle, which thermochemically splits water to hydrogen and oxygen through three stages of Bunsen reaction, HI decomposition, and H2SO4 decomposition, seems a promising process to produce hydrogen massively. Among them, the decomposition of H2SO4 (H2SO4 = H2O + SO2 + 1/2 O2) requires high temperature heat over 800℃ such as the heat from concentrated solar energy or a very high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. Because of harsh reaction conditions of high temperature and pressure with extremely corrosive reactants and products, there have been scarce and limited number of data reported on the pressurized H2SO4 decomposition. This work focuses whether the H2SO4 decomposition can occur at high pressure in a noble-metal reactor, which possibly resists corrosive acidic chemicals and possesses catalytic activity for the reaction. Decomposition reactions were conducted in a Pt-lined tubular reactor without any other catalytic species at conditions of 800℃ to 900℃ and 0 bar (ambient pressure) to 10 bar with 95 wt% H2SO4. The Pt-lined reactor was found to endure the corrosive pressurized condition, and its inner surface successfully carried out a catalytic role in decomposing H2SO4 to SO2 and O2. This preliminary result has proposed the availability of noble metal-lined reactors for the high temperature, high pressure sulfuric acid decomposition.


This article focuses on translated fiction, its place and role in readers' advisory services in public libraries, and possible approaches that readers' advisors can take toward this type of reading material. It reviews the relevance of translated fiction to the needs of both English-speaking readers and immigrant readers who speak English as a second language. This article also presents a readily available list of selected readers' advisory and bibliographic sources that can help librarians to keep up with the most recent translated publications.


Protection and security of double circuit transmission lines is a challenging task. This paper presents an auspice technique predicated on the high-frequency transients. These transients are engendered by the fault to cover virtually the entire length of double circuit transmission lines. For this purpose, felicitously designed high frequency line traps are installed at terminals of the protected transmission line, and the Artificial Neural Network with suitable number of Neurons is used to identify internal and external faults predicated on the frequency spectrum of the current and voltage signals decomposed by Artificial Neural Network logic. Extensive simulation studies designate that the proposed approach is well capable of discriminating between the internal and external faults and provides a secure, very fast, effective and efficient protection technique. The simulation model is done in the MATLAB simulink for system analysis.


Purpose. In last decade the problem of energy management system (EMS) for electric network has received special attention from academic researchers and electricity companies. In this paper, a new algorithm for EMS of a photovoltaic (PV) grid connected system, combined to an storage system is proposed for reducing the character of intermittence of PVs power which infect the stability of electric grid. In simulation model, the PV system and the energy storage system are connected to the same DC bus, whereas EMS controls the power flow from the PV generator to the grid based on the predetermined level of PV power. In the case where the PV power is less than the predefined threshold, energy is stored in the batteries banc which will be employed in the peak energy demand (PED) times. Otherwise, it continues to feed the principal grid. The novelty of the proposed work lies in a new algorithm (smart algorithm) able to determine the most suitable (optimal) hours to switching between battery, Solar PVs, and principal grid based on historical consumption data and also determine the optimal amount of storage energy that be injected during the peak demand. Methods. The solution of the problem was implemented in the Matlab R2010a Platform and the simulation conducted on Laptop with a 2.5 GHz processor and 4 GB RAM. Results. Simulation results show that the proposed model schedules the time ON/OFF of the switch in the most optimal way, resulting in absolute control of power electric path, i.e. precise adaptation at the peak without compromising consumers comfort. In addition, other useful results can be directly obtained from the developed scheme. Thus, the results confirm the superiority of the proposed strategy compared to other improved techniques.


This research introduces a real time algorithm that is invariant to changing luminance levels and tested on classifying the occlusion of spaces in large outdoor regions. The algorithm calculates the correlation coefficients of the grayscale histograms of continually updated template images of a known non-occluded space with the spaces of interest, to determine their occlusion status. The continually updated vacant space template image significantly increased tolerance to the varying ambient conditions. The results suggest that this approach supports a successful occlusion detection method that is robust to unconstrained luminance levels.


One of the exciting features of two-dimensional (2D) materials is their electronic and optical tunability through strain engineering. Previously we found a new class of 2D ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors PbX (X=S, Se, Te) with tunable spin-orbital properties. In this work, based on our previous tight-binding (TB) results, we derive an effective low-energy Hamiltonian around the symmetry points that captures the effects of strain on the electronic properties of PbX. We find that strains induce gauge fields which shift the Rashba point and modify the Rashba parameter. This effect is equivalent to the application of in-plane magnetic fields. The out-of-plane strain, which is proportional to the electric polarization, is also shown to modify the Rashba parameter. Overall, our theory connects strain and spin-splitting in ferroelectric Rashba materials, which will be important to understand the strain-induced variations in local Rashba parameters that will occur in practical applications.


Six corn starch sulfates were synthetized,which degrees of substitution(DS)was 0.224,0.325,0.446,0.621,0.786,0.998,respectively.In vitro antioxidant activities of the six corn starch sulfates were evaluated by four methods,including reducing power,Fe2+ chelating ability,abilities of scavenging hydroxyl and superoxide radicals.Results showed that corn starch sulfates had significant antioxidant activities in vitro and the higher DS,the stronger antioxidant activities.The corn starch sulfates(DS is 0.998)at the concentration of 1,2,3,2mg/mL,reducing power was 1.013,Fe2+ chelating ability was 91.6%,abilities of scavenging hydroxyl and superoxide radicals were 49% and 65.8%,respectively.Above results suggested that corn starch sulfates had the potential to be used in food or pharmaceutical industry because of their antioxidant activities.


In relation to Old Testament traditions according to the Septuagint, the following topics will be discussed: a) religious forms of expression for dual experiences; b) the eschatological monotheistic tendency of dualism in Iranian tradition; c) imperialistic dualism and religious antiimperialistic dualism in Mesopotamia, Iran, Israel; d) the dialectical polytheistic tendency of dualism in Greek tradition.


The invention provides a method for unified display of a short message and a mail, which is used for unified display of the short message and the mail on a display interface of a display device. The method comprises the following steps of: creating a common management catalogue for a short message application program and a mail application program, and setting up one or more common management catalogue item(s) in the common management catalogue corresponding to the short message application program and the mail application program, wherein the common management catalogue item(s) comprise(s) one or more entry/entries; and creating an information application program window on the display interface of the display device to display the short message application program and the mail application program, setting up one information application program shortcut icon and one or more shortcut icon(s) in the information application program window for the entry/entries in the common management catalogue item(s), and displaying the shortcut icon(s) for the entry/entries in one or more common management catalogue item(s) according to the priority set up by a user. According to the invention, system resources can be saved, and the experience of the user can be improved.


The aim of the present work is to explore the age-hardening potential of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) alloy with variation of the starting microstructure, with attention to the precipitation of nano-sized Ti3Al phase, as influenced by microstructural features. The alloy was either solution-treated or deformed by compression at temperatures above and below its β-transus to produce microstructures comprising martensitic, lamellar and globular α morphologies, as well as the existence or absence of β phase, and subsequently submitted to ageing treatments at 400°C/8h using in situ x-ray diffraction. Precipitated fractions of Ti3Al were obtained via Rietveld refinement and aged microstructures were characterized by micro-hardness measurements. Results show that α2 precipitation is favored by a globular morphology of α and hindered by a martensitic α morphology, and suggest that the presence of β phase also has as influence on precipitation.


The hero city of Sevastopol knows many family stories that have been carefully preserved for decades; they are located at the junction of oral history and homeland studies, and many of them formed the basis of excursion routes in the beautiful city. This article tells about the fate of Valentina Vasilyevna Zykova (Ur. Fomina, in her first marriage Kozlova) (February 23, 1887 — May 2, 1966), who lived a difficult and eventful life, not stopping at any obstacles and not fearing the storms of fate. Fomina was born into a family of Russian patriots: father, Vasily Petrovich Fomin — regular soldier, retired major general, teacher of the artillery school in Novocherkassk; mother, Anna Akimovna Chikileva came from a noble family living near Taganrog, graduated from the Smolny Institute of noble maidens. Parents raised three highly educated daughters: Evgenia Vasilievna (an excellent doctor), Valentina Vasilievna (a talented teacher) and Olga Vasilievna (impulsive nature, who had singing talent). Elder Fomins came to Sevastopol to unite the whole large family, daughters, their spouses and their grandchildren under one roof. Big toiler V. P. Fomin built a stone house № 64 in one staircase along Ekaterininskaya Street (now Lenin Street, house № 46), inside which he designed a small kindergarten, which he looked after until the end of his days. The house was located on the Sevastopol "upper city", next to the Peter and Paul Church and Vladimir Cathedral, next to the peers of the defense of Sevastopol (1854—1855). And until now, the "handsome house" pleases the townspeople and guests of the city with its architectural design and ceremonial look. V. V. Zykova (Fomina) called Sevastopol her favorite city and believed that only in it she was truly happy. In the first Sevastopol period, she was surrounded by three generations of the family — parents, first husband, graduate of the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, B. I. Kozlov, who died of typhus in 1920, three of their sons, as well as a family of sisters. Valentina Vasilyevna got along very well with all of them. And in the troubled years, in order to financially support the household, she set up a small private cafe near the house, where celebrities who came to Sevastopol were invited to perform (there were F.I. Chaliapin, L.V. Sobinov, A.N. Vertinskiy), in addition members of a large family who had good voices spoke out. By 1923, his home on Catherine Street suffered a lot of losses, nationalization and compaction. Fomin was sued by her beautiful home. The following year, Fomina married a second-time military officer A.V. Zykov. In a happy marriage, Anatoly Vasilievich adopted the eldest sons, the younger children were born, a son and a daughter. At that time, the family moved to Maikop. The Maikop period was overshadowed by the arrest and execution of Valentina Vasilyevna's second husband. After that, the stigma of the wife and children of the "people's enemy" was entrenched for a long time to well-educated, educated and noble people. Having received a historical and philological education at the St. Petersburg Higher (Bestuzhev) Сourses, as a volunteer at the University of Berlin and the Sorbonne, having the ability to study European languages, all his life engaged in self-education, in the first Sevastopol period V. V. Zykova (Fomina) taught history, literature and geography in a private gymnasium A. V. Podlesnaya, located on Sadovaya Street, house number 2 (now the corner of Lyudmila Pavlichenko St. and Tereshchenko St.). Later, Zykova taught in schools in Central Asia and Abkhazia. A quarter of a century later, V. V. Zykova (Fomina) returned to Sevastopol, she lived in the family of the youngest daughter A. A. Leontyuk helping to raise a grandson. Biography of V. V. Zykova (Fomina) takes place around three Sevastopol addresses. In parallel, the fate of her close relatives is highlighted. The family archive of the Fomins — Kozlovs — Malovs — Antipovs — Salikovs — Zykovs was collected by several generations of family members; It is mainly concentrated in Sevastopol and St. Petersburg. The author of the article was in correspondence with A. A. Leontyuk since 1998, who expresses heartfelt gratitude for the opportunity to learn more about her mother — V. V. Zykova (Fomina).


Two major factors have contributed to the evolution of French historiography in the history of education in the past 50 years. The first relates to the general orientation of public debate about schools, which has shifted from a paradigm concerning democratisation to one that focuses on student success rates and the efforts to eliminate inequalities of all sorts. The second factor that has affected scholarly orientations lies in changes linked to academic positioning between pedagogy, history, and the educational sciences in the context of increasing university hirings, at least until recently. These two changes in terms of scholarly paradigms and scholarly professional identities have encouraged the development of a certain number of approaches and questions: a reconsideration of the historic role of the State, an interest in a greater diversity of actors in the educational process, and a re-evaluation of the cognitive, cultural and social effects of teaching at all levels. Despite this, the history of education plays a minor role today in France, not only in teacher training but also in debates about the future of schools.


The main result in the paper states the following: For a finite group G = AB, which is the product of the soluble subgroups A and B, if 〈a, b〉 is a metanilpotent group for all a ∈ A and b ∈ B, then the factor groups 〈a, b〉F (G)/F (G) are nilpotent, F (G) denoting the Fitting subgroup of G. A particular generalization of this result and some consequences are also obtained. For instance, such a group G is proved to be soluble of nilpotent length at most l + 1, assuming that the factors A and B have nilpotent length at most l. Also for any finite soluble group G and k ≥ 1, an element g ∈ G is contained in the preimage of the hypercenter of G/Fk−1(G), where Fk−1(G) denotes the (k − 1)th term of the Fitting series of G, if and only if the subgroups 〈g, h〉 have nilpotent length at most k for all h ∈ G.


The recent change of government brings to an end a sustained attempt to transform British industrial relations by legislative action. This article explores the consequences. It explains the cumulative effect of the legal changes since 1979, including the growing influence of the European Community, and examines the economic and social results. While legal intervention has had an impact on the institutions of industrial relations, most notably in reducing the power of organised labour, this cannot be isolated from wider structural changes in labour and product markets. A review of research on economic outcomes suggests an uneven and tenuous link between institutional change and economic performance.


-Every living thing in the planet needs air which plays an important role in the development, growth and to survive. Any changes in their concentration and composition worsening the air quality as well as causes human health concern and ecological problem. Gaseous substances such as SO 2 , NOx and O 3 emitting out from road transport while vehicular traffic and from the industries effluents are responsible for the air pollution. These can also injure the plant parts which exhibit the morphology and anatomical changes. In recent days, plants play an important tool for the determination for monitoring air pollution by their injuries level. Hence in our study, we put forth our research on monitoring of air pollution by using of two plants Nerium oleander L and Calotropis gigantea Linn as bio-indicators. AIR POLLUTION INDEX studies (API) were carried out to determine the pollution levels. Estimation of chlorophyll, relative water content, pH levels, ascorbic acid content were determined by Air Pollution Tolerance Index study. By these methods, we found that both the plants have revealed the intermediate APTI values. From the results we concluded that Nerium oleander L and Calotropis gigantea Linn can been used as bio-indicating tools for monitoring of air pollutants.


A finite group G is called an MSN∗-group if it is supersolvable, and all maximal subgroups of the Sylow subgroups of G are subnormal in G.
A group G is called a minimal non-MSN∗-group if every proper subgroup of G is an MSN∗-group but G itself is not. In this paper, we obtain a complete
classification of minimal non-MSN∗-groups.


We report the stability phase diagram of YBa<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2} \text{Cu}_{3}\text{O}_{\text{7-}\delta}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (YBCO) in low oxygen pressures (<italic>P</italic>O2) for the composition of Y:Ba:Cu = 1:1:2.5. For this study, the Y–Ba–Cu–O amorphous precursor films, deposited on LaAlO3 (001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition, were annealed at various high temperatures in the low <italic>P</italic>O2 region of 1–150 mTorr, and then rapidly quenched to room temperature using a reel-to-reel tube furnace. Compared with the stability phase diagram of the stoichiometric YBCO compound, the stability boundary of YBCO for this composition was significantly shifted to the lower temperature. More interestingly, above the stability boundary of YBCO, while Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) + YBa3Cu2Oy (Y132) + liquid (L) or Y2O3 + Y132 + L are stable equilibrium phases for the stoichiometric YBCO compound, Y2O3 + L are stable ones for this composition, suggesting that YBCO coated conductors can be fabricated via the reactive coevaporation deposition and reaction process from this nominal composition.


Abstract Let p ≡ 1 mod 8 be a rational prime and let h(—p) be the class number of . In [1], Barrucand and Cohn show that h(-p) = 0 mod 8 iff p = x2 + 32y2 for some x,y € Z. In this article, we generalize their result to a family of relative quadratic extensions K/F, where Fk is the maximum totally real subfield of Q(ζ2k+2 ), and a power of a prime of Fk from a family of positive density.


as Li was) could have acquired the faith in the objective forces of history that the Marxist view of history demands. It is further asserted (and this is perhaps the major theme of Dr. Huang's study) that Li Ta-chao's Marxism was a "valuable synthesis, retaining some of the fundamental values both of Confucianism and Western liberal thought" (p. 4). This would have been no mean accomplishment, but it is unlikely that it took place. In Li's particular Marxist world view, governed as it was by revolutionary voluntaristic and Chinese nationalistic impulses, it is as difficult to perceive specifically Confucian concepts as it is to find evidence of the survival of Li's pre-Marxian "liberalism."


The relation between corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and firm value has received increasing attention. However, the recent literature on corporate ESG performance evaluation suffers from potentially biased data sources, incomplete coverage, and uncertainty among agencies. The objectivity, timeliness, and breadth of news allow the media to provide a good perspective on ESG instead. This study investigated the effects of ESG-related news on the stock market to confirm that news is a helpful complement to the assessment of ESG performance. The results show that 1) ESG news has a greater and more significant impact on the stock market than news unrelated to ESG. 2) Of the three fields of ESG news, environmental news has a greater and more significant impact, which varies widely by topic. 3) Environmental news has different impacts on listed firms in different regions. This study provides new ideas for a complete and objective assessment of corporate ESG performance and the management of a corporate media image from the use of ESG news.


To investigate the effect of radiation therapy on differential expression of genes in tumor-associated fibroblasts and prognosis of patients.Methods: The tumor-associated fibroblast gene expression profile data chip GSE37318 after radiotherapy treatment was retrieved from the GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes were screened using the limma R software package; GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID tool; Protein interaction networks was built by String and Cytoscape software and core genes were obtained; GEPIA was used for prognostic value analysis; Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the top 5 hub genes in tumor tissues of patients in the radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy groups.Results: 144 genes were up-regulated and 54 genes were down-regulated, which were mainly enriched in functional pathways such as cell stress, DNA damage, cell cycle, aging, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and p53 signaling pathway. The protein interaction network was constructed and the top 20 hub genes were obtained. Prognostic analysis showed that: Expression of up-regulated PCNA and hub genes that were down-regulated after irradiation, such as MCM10, DLGAP5, FANCI, CENPA, CDC6, FBXO5, NCAPG, and DTL, has a negative correlation with the overall survival time of lung cancer patients (p <0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that PCNA gene expression was up-regulated in patients with radiotherapy compared with patients without radiotherapy. The test results are consistent with the results of the biochemical analysis.Conclusion: Radiotherapy can induce differential expression of genes in tumor-associated fibroblasts, and these differentially expressed genes can be used as potential molecular markers for tumor radiotherapy effect and patient prognosis.


Objective To investigate the current situation of craniocerebral injury in the grassroots hospital,summarize and discuss the corresponding countermeasures. Method The clinical data of patients with craniocerebral injury in two secondary hospitals in 2010 were statisticsed and analyzed. Results The epidemiological characteristics of brain injury in the grass-roots hospital were mainly car accidents,falls and fall injuries. Male patients were common. Conclusion We should strengthen the subject construction,timely introduce the corresponding clinical therapy,pay attention to the rehabilitation treatment,reduce the death rate and improve patient's quality of life.


PURPOSE: Text-mining has been shown to be useful for understanding the clinical characteristics and patients' concerns regarding a specific disease. Low back pain (LBP) is the most common disease in modern society and has a wide variety of causes and symptoms. On the other hand, it is difficult to understand the clinical characteristics and the needs as well as demands of patients with LBP because of the various clinical characteristics. This study examined online texts on LBP to determine of text-mining can help better understand general characteristics of LBP and its specific elements.
METHODS: Online data from www.spine-health.com were used for text-mining. Keyword frequency analysis was performed first on the complete text of postings (full-text analysis). Only the sentences containing the highest frequency word, pain, were selected. Next, texts including the sentences were used to re-analyze the keyword frequency (pain-text analysis).
RESULTS: Keyword frequency analysis showed that pain is of utmost concern. Full-text analysis was dominated by structural, pathological, and therapeutic words, whereas pain-text analysis was related mainly to the location and quality of the pain.
CONCLUSION: The present study indicated that text-mining for a specific element (keyword) of a particular disease could enhance the understanding of the specific aspect of the disease. This suggests that a consideration of the text source is required when interpreting the results. Clinically, the present results suggest that clinicians pay more attention to the pain a patient is experiencing, and provide information based on medical knowledge.


Abstract Children with Cerebral Palsy have foot debilitation resulting in change in foot dimension and impaired gait. To overcome this problem customised orthoses are often prescribed. This increases the lead time of manufacturing of the orthosis as well as the cost. The objectve is to study the characteristics of foot dimensions and parameterize the orthoses design to enable CP patients to obtain off the shelf orthoses. Foot dimensions of 86 CP children were captured using a 3D Foot Scanner and cluster analysis statistics and Multivariate regression analysis using SPSS software was performed. CP children foot growth has a pattern as of normal children but varies in magnitude and the boys and girls foot growth rate are similar. Based on the statistical analysis the off the self orthosis can be manufactured in 5 different sizes to fit the targeted population, and furthermore this study may be validate with increased sample size.


A practical project of vertical aseismic analysis on high-rise building with stagger transfer stories was studied numerically with SAP2000V9 program. The effect of number of vertical modes on the internal forces in the upper and lower transfer beams and the axial-forces in main vertical components was considered. Vertical acceleration, vertical drift and vertical dynamic strain were computed, the dynamic responses at end points and supporting column points on the upper and lower transfer beams in different stories were calculated and compared between themselves when earthquake waves are input. The axial-forces in columns on upper and lower transfer beams, frame supported shear walls and columns supporting shear walls were calculated and compared with the values under representative gravity load. The result shows the basic vertical mode plays a very important role for effect on the internal forces in transfer beams and the axial-forces in main vertical components, while the modes above the 5th mode have little effect on them. The displacements and accelerations at the column points on the transfer beams are greater than those at the end points. The vertical strains in vertical components at the end points of the upper and lower transfer beams have sudden change in the stories which are just above the two transfer stories. The vertical strains in vertical components in the stories between two stagger transfer structures increase locally. The higher the location of the vertcial component is, the greater the proportion of the internal force calculated by the response spectrum method to that by the representative gravity load method. Under vertical earthquake, the axial forces in supporting shear wall in the top story and in frame supported shear wall in the three bottom stories will bear sudden change.


Christopher Columbus landed first in the NewWorld at the Island of San Salvador, and after praising God enquired urgently for gold. The natives, Red Indians, were peaceable and friendly and directed him to Haiti ... The Spaniards, the most advanced Europeans of their day, annexed the island, called it Hispaniola, and took the backward natives under their protection. They introduced Christianity, forced labour in the mines, murder, rape, bloodhounds, strange diseases, and artificial famine (by the destruction of cultivation to starve the rebellious). These and other requirements of the higher civilization reduced the native population from an estimated half-a-million, perhaps amillion, to 60,000 in 15 years.1


Abstract The frequency-domain characteristics of the successive corrections method in one dimension are investigated through the calculation of smoother weights and filter transfer functions. The successive corrections algorithm acts as a low-pass filter that behaves similarly to noniterative smoothers. The spectral content of fixed-span successive corrections estimates depends upon the number of iterations, the selected weighting function and the grid to which the dataset is interpolated. For a given weighting function and grid, increasing the number of iterations for the fixed-span case results in filter transfer functions with increased cutoff frequency and rolloff. Within data gaps, the use of more than one iteration leads to estimates that are more likely to be contaminated by high-frequency variability in the data. It is shown that variable-span successive corrections estimates are nearly independent of the choice of weights for the initial iterations and are almost equivalent to estimates obtained ...