Many researchers have noted that scientific codes perform poorly on computer architectures involving a memory hierarchy. At the same time, there have been numerous papers discussing the Memory Wall (for example the Workshop on Solving the Memory Wall Problem to be held in conjunction with the 27th International Symposium on Computer Architecture [ISCA 27]). One commonly discussed solution to the problem is using some combination of prefetching and stream buffers. However, there are significant practical limitations to this approach. When taken to the extreme, one will be essentially reinventing the CDC CYBER 205, a vector processor that streamed data directly between main memory and the vector units and was far less successful than the Cray X-MP. Some of those limitations will be discussed in this paper. Furthermore, it will be proposed that the combination of coding changes (primarily at the implementation level), large caches, prefetching/stream buffers, and a welldesigned memory system can overcome many of those limitations. † SAC 2001, Las Vegas, NV ISBN 1-58113-324-3/01/02 * This work was partially funded by a grant from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Office (CHSSI project CFD-6). Furthermore, it received grants of computer time at the ARL-MSRC, NAVO-MSRC, TARDEC-DC, NRL-DC, and the SSCSD. All items bolded are defined in the glossary.


The present invention provides a polyimide film having a low gloss, said polyimide film comprising a polyimide polymer constituting the main structure of the film, and uniformly distributed in the polyimide film polyimide powder, wherein said polyimide film is 60 degree gloss value of 50 or less. The present invention also provides a matting agent, which can be used polyimide films produced low gloss, the matting agent made of polyimide powder average particle diameter of 0.5 microns to 15 microns. The present invention further provides a method of preparing the polyimide film and a matting agent.


Previous studies on rice (Oryza sativa L.) have shown that different components of the photosynthetic apparatus are not uniformly synthesized or degraded during senescence. However, most of these senescence-related studies focused on leaf lamina, while few have addressed functional aspects on chloroplasts or leaf physiology. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic properties of the mid-vein and leaf lamina in a super high-yield hybrid rice (LYP9) during senescence. We found that assimilation and transpiration decreased more slowly in the mid-vein than in the lamina during senescence, suggesting more sustained photosynthesis in the mid-vein, as well as stronger heat dissipation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the mid-vein had a higher abundance of proteins involved with energy and lower levels of disease or defense-related proteins, suggesting that photosynthesis and energy metabolism were less affected by senescence in the mid-vein than in leaf lamina. In late senescence stage, the excess energy dissipation in the mid-vein through the xanthophyll cycle had a higher active photosynthetic capacity than in the leaf lamina, and we inferred that the mid-vein and leaf lamina of LYP9 rice aged heterogeneously. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of senescence and associated physiology of the rice mid-vein.


Pontoporeia and Mysis are two crustaceans which are of special interest because they belong to a group of fresh water animals that are regarded as " marine relicts." These relict forms are found in a number of European lakes and rivers, and some of them inhabit certain lakes in the northern part of the United States and in Canada. In Europe the various forms belonging to this group have been studied by a number of investigators, so that their abundance and distribution are now well known; in America on the other hand, these organisms have received very little attention, so that very little is known concerning the number of forms and their distribution. In general these relict organisms prefer cold water, and most of them are found only in lakes which have a cool lower stratum that is well supplied with dissolved oxygen throughout the summer period of stratification. The origin and distribution of this fauna have been discussed by several European writers, especially by Ekman ('I5, '20, '27) and by Thienemann ('25, '26). Two theories have been offered to account for such a fauna in lakes. One is that these forms occupied the lake basins while they were still below the surface of the ocean; subsequent elevation of the land brought the basins above sea level, and the inflowing water gradually changed them to fresh water lakes. These relict forms were able to withstand the change from salt to fresh water so that they continued to inhabit the lakes after they were formed. The other theory is that these animals migrated into the lakes from the ocean at the close of the last glacial period. These two theories are fully discussed by Ekman ('I5, '27) so that they need not be considered further in this connection. Pontoporeia affinis (Lindstrdm)


Ceratizit has used 2020 to reposition itself in the marketplace, bringing together everything it offers to customers and the UK remains a vital market, as shown by investment in a new Technical Centre and as the testing ground for a new technical support app


In 2000, there was a major fireworks explosion in the city of Enschede in the Netherlands. Mediant, the local mental health service, held to the philosophy that avoiding victimization and helping people to regain autonomy was its main target. Hence, Mediant was reluctant to offer psychiatric help in the first month after the disaster, because "being confused is not a psychiatric condition, but a normal reaction to such an abnormal event." Parallel processes were seen as the local authorities undertook to involve the affected population in decision-making about the restoration of the neighborhood. Emergency care after the disaster was organized by collaborating local institutions, and mental health care was given in accord with protocols applicable in 2000. A special branch of public mental health made a commitment to restore balance in the community. All these efforts, both rebuilding and mental health care, were made possible by a collective drive to manage this problem in a way that matched the affected population. The intertwining of the commitment to autonomy with sensitivity to shifting demands as the city moved through the phases of disaster manifested itself in many situations and in many layers of the recovery process. It was the foundation of the relative success of the recovery of the victimized population after the fireworks disaster.


The population growth of a single species is modeled by a differential equation with initial condition(s) so that the number of organisms in the population is derived using some mechanism of growth, i.e. a growth rate function. However, such deterministic models are often highly unrealistic in population dynamics because population growth is baskally a random event. There are a large number of chance factors influencing growth that might not be taken into account by deterministic models. The effect of other species (for example, in the chance meeting of a predator), population fluctuations due to weather changes that would alter food supply, immigrations and emigrations, in addition to the very processes of birth and death are chance occurrences. A stochastic approach to the modeling of complex biological systems, such as populations, allows us to include all these secondary effects for which a detailed knowledge is impossible. Assuming that the time and state space are described by continuous variables and that the system is Markovian (i.e. for small changes in time, there are corre sponding small changes in the state space) a stochastic differential equation (SDE) is constructed by adding a random function, incorporating all random fluctuations, to a deterministic equation. If this random function is Gaussian and of "white noise type", the SDE leads to a Fokker-Planck equation, a second order parabolic Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. partial differential equation for the probability density function. Using separa tion of variables and simple transformations the Fokker-Planck equation reduces to a time independent ordinary differential equation, the Schrddinger equation of quantum mechanics. Solving the latter we obtain expressions for the probability density function, which, in turn gives us various moments or averages. In this paper three specific rate transforms for the modeling of autocatalytic (self stimulated) growth processes are presented. The probability density func tions are analytically solvable by Fokker-Planck methods and are generalizations of transforms heretofore known. Thus, the moment formulas obtained are also generalizations of previous results. We also consider population growth in a random environment and obtain gen eral formulae for the steady-state and time dependent probability density function in two regimes-thus generalizing formulae previously obtained elsewhere. In addition, a large collection of known potentials that exactly solve the Schrodinger equation are collected. Hence an extensive set of known analytic solutions to the Fokker-Planck equation, and solutions to a special form of the Riccati equation are listed. As far as we know two new Schrodinger potentials are presented for the first time. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. for my wife, Kathy and my children, Danielle and Robert


This study characterized the psychopathological risk factor in suicide attempts assisted in the emergency service of a general hospital in Jujuy, Argentina. The study was of the epidemiological type, of transversal-descriptive design. The data sources were psychological assists records during 2007-2008 and 2011-2012. Of total suicide attempts ( N = 481), 19.54% had attempted suicide previously, while 28.07% had diagnosis of mental disorder, of which 56.30% were receiving treatment at the time of suicide attempt. Mood disorders, especially depressives, and Substance-related disorders were the most frequent diagnoses. Significant differences according to demographic markers (sex-age) that should be considered in future studies were found. The results showed that the psychopathological suicide risk factor is much less prevalent in the local casuistry compared to reports in foreign populations. The findings question the importance of psychopathological risk factor in suicide attempts.


In Asia, large forest fires have devastated large areas of forests; however, recovery of forest vegetation after the fires has not been well reported, particularly in northern Mongolian conifer forests. This study investigates vegetation recovery, soil water contents, and satellite images to detect the exact year of forest fire, species composition and vegetation recovery of the burned forest, biomass changes, and carbon emission at the burned site. Satellite data showed that forest fires occurred in 1998 and 2009. Forest biomass was reduced to one-third (75–20 t/ha) after the fires. Tree species composition of the study sites primarily changed from mature conifer forests (Larix and Pinus) to young deciduous broadleaved forests (Betula and Populus). Soil water content was constantly low during the growing season (0.052–0.086 m3/m3). Carbon emission model Yasso07 showed that coarse woody debris of Pinus will continue to emit carbon after the forest fires for the next 200 years. This study suggests that a combination of satellite images, field survey, and model simulation is important to examine the impacts of forest fires on vegetation. Key-word: semi-arid, satellite data, soil moisture, model simulation, steppe–taiga transition zone 要旨:アジアでは林野火災により広い面積が消失しているが,モンゴル国北部の針葉樹林では火災後の植生回復過 程はあまり明らかにされていない。本研究では火災発生後の植生回復,土壌水分含量変化,衛星情報による火災発生 年の特定,推定バイオマス量の変化,炭素放出量推定などを行った。衛星データにより火災の発生は 1998 年と 2009 年と特定できた。火災の前後で森林のバイオマスは約 75 t/ha から 20 t/ha に減少し,樹種はカラマツ属とマツ 属の針葉樹林からカバノキ属とポプラ属へと変化した。成長期の土壌水分含量は常に低かった(0.052~0.086 m3/m3)。炭素分解モデル Yasso07 によれば,優占種であるマツ属の炭素分解は今後 200 年は継続する。衛星写真と 現地調査,シミュレーションを統合した林野火災影響研究は重要である。 キーワード:半乾燥,衛星データ,土壌水分,モデルシュミレーション,ステップ‐タイガ移行帯


—The deep learning boom motivates researchers and practitioners of computational fluid dynamics eager to integrate the two areas. The PINN (physics-informed neural network) method is one such attempt. While most reports in the literature show positive outcomes of applying the PINN method, our experiments with it stifled such optimism. This work presents our not-so-successful story of using PINN to solve two fundamental flow problems: 2D Taylor-Green vortex at Re = 100 and 2D cylinder flow at Re = 200 . The PINN method solved the 2D Taylor-Green vortex problem with acceptable results, and we used this flow as an accuracy and performance benchmark. About 32 hours of training were required for the PINN method's accuracy to match the accuracy of a 16 × 16 finite-difference simulation, which took less than 20 seconds. The 2D cylinder flow, on the other hand, did not even result in a physical solution. The PINN method behaved like a steady-flow solver and did not capture the vortex shedding phenomenon. By sharing our experience, we would like to emphasize that the PINN method is still a work-in-progress. More work is needed to make PINN feasible for real-world problems. (Reproducibility package: [Chu22].)


Abstract: Nine α-alkylstyrenes carrying the following substituents have been synthesised: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, iso butyl, iso propyl, sec -butyl and tert -butyl. Kinetics has been measured for the reaction of these compounds with mercuric acetate in anhydrous acetic acid at 25 °C. The rate constants are very sensitive to inductive effects (ρ I = –49.5 in AISE theory) and steric effects (ψ = –1.59 according to Charton). These results support the presumed existence of an intermediate with an asymmetrically bound acetylmercuric cation to carbon atoms of the vinyl group of styrene. The kinetics of an acid-catalysed hydration of the above-mentioned α-alkylstyrenes were also measured in aqueous sulphuric acid at 25 °C. The derivatives exhibited kinetically a consecutive isomerisation reaction giving the more stable substituted styrenes. The values of the slope m ‡ m * of the dependence upon the excess acidity function ( X ) were evaluated, and exceptionally low values were found for the butyl and pentyl substituents (1.02 and 0.73, respectively), while on the other hand


The ever-increasing economic and population growth closely relates to the change in land cover. As a region grows, the land cover shifts from forests to agriculture and further to developed areas. Such a gradual change occurs slowly; however, understanding the land cover dynamics is essential to regional planning, especially in developing regions, including Indonesia. Despite its importance, studies on land cover changes in developing regions lack a coherent dataset, as many studies are based on ad-hoc approaches, resulting in embedded uncertainties. An example is the land cover classification using LANDSAT data in many parts of the developing countries lacking consistency. As an alternative, the MODIS dataset is a relatively new dataset produced by NASA, presenting a standardized land cover dataset with a 500×500 m resolution at global coverage. Such a standardized dataset gives consistency in land cover dynamics and future projections. This study presents the potential of MODIS and its use case in understanding land cover dynamics in an urbanizing watershed, i.e., the Majalaya Watershed in West Java, Indonesia. The study presents the use of Markov Chain Analysis in understanding the tendency of changes between land cover classes. This study also indicates future research directions to enrich the topic further.


Cultivation of professionalism and dispositional values of junior faculty members/early career academic in higher education institutions is a global challenge. This paper explores how Graduate Assistants are mentored at work in the higher education institutions in Eritrea. The paper assesses the institutional significance and challenges of mentoring the Graduate Assistants in the context of Eritrean higher education institutions. The research involved the leadership of the colleges, the senior faculty members and the Graduate Assistants. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through a Likert scale questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The findings show that Graduate Assistants receive poor professional mentoring at the higher education institutions. A large number of early career academic revealed a need of serious professional molding to effectively shoulder more responsibilities at the colleges. The early career academic are looking for genuine advisement for career aspiration and professional development opportunities. The colleges' efforts to ensure recognition, delegation, accountability and encouragement of Graduate Assistants are not yet systematic and hardly materialized in practice. The higher education institutions are required of a firm institutional commitment to sharpen the junior staff's professional competence in teaching and research through mentoring. Based on the findings, alternative mentoring strategies to mentor early career academic at the higher education institutions are forwarded. Keywords : early career academics, graduate assistantship, mentoring, stimulation, inspiration DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-15-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2020


We obtain constraints on non-Newtonian gravity following from the improved precision measurement of the Casimir force by means of atomic force microscope. The hypothetical force is calculated in experimental configuration (a sphere above a disk both covered by two metallic layers). The strengthenings of constraints up to 4 times comparing the previous experiment and up to 560 times comparing the Casimir force measurements between dielectrics are obtained in the interaction range 5.9 nm$\leq\lambda\leq 115 $nm. Recent speculations about the presence of some unexplained attractive force in the considered experiment are shown to be unjustified.


Ingestion of lye is a well-known cause of chemical burns and stricture of the esophagus. Approximately 50% of such burns and almost all strictures result from the ingestion of this agent. Owens,1in reviewing 131 cases of chemical burns of the esophagus, found lye to be the cause of 65 cases. Of 20 cases of stricture, this substance was ingested in every case in his series. Similarly, Stothers2found 22 of 47 cases of chemical burns of the esophagus to be due to lye. Of 18 strictures in his group, 12 were due to sodium hydroxide. Clinicians may not be aware of the commonly used agents found in the home which may contain lye. One which we would like to describe is "Clinitest," the tablets almost universally used by diabetics in their daily urine testing. These tablets contain a combination of anhydrous sodium hydroxide, copper sulfate, citric acid,


than to protect liberal rights by constitutional constraints" (p. 342). The book has room for improvement. In terms of methodology, Son emphasizes that this book is "a comparative enterprise." The field of CCC requires the use of various methodological tools to study and reveal different perceptions of a constitution as well as the approaches through which constitutions change. Hence, it would be more comprehensive if the book elaborated more on other methodological aspects and explanation of qualitative approaches such as changing time, vertical and horizontal comparison including combining cross-time and cross-country analysis, and the challenges of collecting data, especially in a closed country like North Korea. Another missing piece is a chapter on a comparative analysis drawn from the five socialist constitutional change case studies. The final, but minor, flaw is the inconsistency of the analytic structure of the five case study chapters. With its emphasis on emerging and cutting-edge debates in the study of comparative constitutional law and politics, despite these suggestions for improvement, the book is a perfect assembler to fill in the existing literature gap on the study of the constitutional change in the "socialist world." It is strongly recommended for both research and teaching use, as well as for CCC scholars and students of the concerned socialist countries.


The long-term performance of the lodging chain is highly dependent on the use of the most effective techniques for evaluating capital projects. This study provides information on the critical aspects of lodging chains' capital budgeting practices and compares current ones with those used by chains in 1980 and 1990. This article is available in Hospitality Review: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/hospitalityreview/vol20/iss1/4 Capital budgeting of major lodging chains by James W. Damitio and Raymond S. Schmidgall The long-term pifomance of the lodging chain is highly dependent on Me use of the most effective techniques for evaluating capital pmjects. . i s study provides information on the critial aspects of lodging chains' capital budgeting practices and compares current ones with those used by chains in 1980 and 1990. A lodging chain's capital budgeting practices are crucial to the long-term performance of the entity. Capital expenditures not only entail investment risk due to the large dollar amounts usually involved, but also uncertainty risk due to the long-term horizon involved in such decisions. Several studies of capital budgeting practices of non-hospitality firms have been conducted over the last 40 years. In general, the use of discounted cash flow (DCF) models has increased significantly. Istvan conducted a study of the capital budgeting practices of large non-hospitality corporations and found that only 10 percent of the companies surveyed used the more sophisticated DCF models at that time.' Eleven years later Klammer studied 184 large industrial tirms and found little change, with few h s using the DCF techniques." Fremgen found in his study that significant changes in capital budgeting practices were occurring when he surveyed the financial executives of 250 non-hospitality business lirms. He found that about 57 percent of the respondents'hs were using net present value or internal rate of return methods of capital b~dgeting.~ Other studies were done by Farragher and Gitman and Forrester that also showed increased use of the DCF methods by non-hospitality h s . ' Chen did a study of the capital budgeting practices of 599 publiclyheld manufacturing firms. The study involved three types of investment projects: equipment replacement, expansion of existing 34 FIU Hospitality ReuiewlSpring 2002


The goal of this paper is, via dissipative theory, to design a dissipative filter for a class of nonlinear systems described by Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. We first reformulate the problems in an estimation/filtering error system such that the error system is dissipatively asymptotically stable with respect to a specifically chosen quadratic supply rate. Then we derive the synthesis conditions based on Lyapunov method, leading to an LMI representation that can be numerically solved by existing LMI solvers. We demonstrate that a class of filtering problems can be formulated into a general quadratic dissipative framework. Finally the utility of the proposed method is illuminated by an example.


The European Institute of Public Administration (2005:17) states that the use of information technology, the internet and the development of e-government implies a modernised way to provide services, share data, communicate, complete tasks and work in any government. The South African government is also aware of the important role that information technology can play in transforming government, and providing information and public services to citizens. The need for information technology skills was highlighted as important for the fi rst time in South Africa in 2002 when the South African Minister of Public ABSTRACT


Objective: To observe the effects of Baihe Zhimu Decoction on regulating the level of uterus index, sex hormone in serum and the expression of ER m RNA in hypothalamus in rat model with perimenopausal syndrome with the deficiency of the kidney yin. Methods: The 3-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into model group, estrogen group, Baihe Zhimu Decoction group, flavone high dose group, flavone low dose group, saponin high dose group, saponin low dose group, combination of flavone and saponin Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ group, and normal group. The rat bilateral ovaries in all groups except for the normal group were resected to establish the model of perimenopausal syndrome. Meanwhile, the model of the deficiency of kidney yin was induced by thyroxine(TX). All treatment groups were given corresponding drugs during the modeling. The index of uterus, the levels of sex hormone(E2, P, FSH and LH) in serum and the expression of hypothalamus ER m RNA were all detected after 4 weeks. Results: Compared with normal group, the index of uterus, the levels of E2 and P and the expression of ER m RNA in hypothalamus were significantly decreased in model group, while, the levels of FSH and LH were significantly increased(P0.01). Compared with model group, the index of uterus, the levels of E2 and P and the expression of ER m RNA in hypothalamus were significantly increased in all treatment groups, while, the levels of FSH and LH were significantly decreased. Among the treatment groups, Baihe Zhimu Decoction group, combination of flavone and saponin Ⅲ and Ⅳ group had more significant therapeutic effect than other treatment groups(P0.05, P0.01). Conclusion: Baihe Zhimu Decoction, especially a combination of flavone and saponin, had significant therapeutic effect on perimenopausal syndrome rat model with the deficiency of the kidney yin.


Kashmir region is a land locked area and the employment opportunities in the public sector are very limited. The private sector has not taken off due to the prevailing political instability. With limited public sector employment opportunities and troubled private sector, the sizable population of Kashmir population comprises of youth. Thereby, this paper intends to focus on youth's awareness and willingness especially the college students to take up entrepreneurship. The study has used a structured questionnaire and observation to examine the awareness and willingness to take up entrepreneurship as career option. The questionnaire has been drafted to know the reasons of entrepreneurship awareness whether negative or positive. The results have shown up very little awareness among the college students which is largely due to the lack of entrepreneurial education, mindset of parents and individual desire of youth.


The forces influencing pricing and selling decisions in African markets were analyzcd. The Kendall Coefficient of Concordance was used to determine the unanimity in ranking in pricing and selling objectives among vegetable vendors in markets in the Casamance region of Senegal. Price spreads and net revenues were examined to determine the level of competitiveness in the market. The study concluded that not all vendors were in agreement with rankings in pricing and selling objectives and that the ordering of selling and pricing objectives varied according to marketing agents. The level of returns received by vendors was an indication that there was an absence of market exploitation and the frec entrance and exit of marketing agents resulted in volatility in market structure.


Zimbabwe, like many other developing countries, has a relatively large number of destitute elderly people. For a variety of reasons it has become increasingly difficult to cater for these people - only a few old people's homes exist. In any event, conventional old people's homes have generally been frowned upon, not only for cultural reasons but also because they are perceived as being not user friendly and too expensive. For these and other reasons, it has become necessary to search for alternative types of accommodation for this population, which are affordable and socially more acceptable. This paper describes an alternative housing strategy with a more human face than residential institutions, which provides for co-operative living for destitute elderly persons.


Although the Kula exchange seems a quaint practice in the context of the global economy, the ethnographic method used by Malinowski to discover it has been employed to shed light on the current woes of the financial system by Gillian Tett, a financial journalist who holds a PhD in social anthropology from Cambridge University. As an assistant editor of the Financial Times in charge of global financial coverage, she has risen to prominence through her reporting and analysis of the recent financial crisis. Tett has been awarded the Wincott Prize for financial reporting and Journalist of the Year from the British Press Awards, and her book Fool's Gold (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009) received the Financial Book of the Year Award. Her blend of ethnography and journalism gives her the ability to capture how small subcultures work and can shape something as expansive as the financial industry. For her dissertation, she lived with herding communities in Tajikistan, where she studied how Islamic marriage rituals were influenced by the Soviet regime. After finishing her dissertation, she took an internship with the Financial Times. She says that studying anthropology has given her an advantage in financial reporting because it trained her to think holistically about issues, view money as a cultural construction, and maintain a critical perspective of dominant ideologies. In the mid-1990s she became Financial Times bureau chief in Tokyo. While there, she covered the "lost decade," in which Japan's economy stagnated from a crash induced by 1980s asset inflation. Her immersion into the Japanese financial community became a type of fieldwork, from which she wrote her first book, Saving the Sun (New York: HarperCollins, 2003). It traces how a weakly organized financial sector, along with a strong cultural emphasis on harmony and cooperation, helped set the conditions for a long-lasting economic breakdown. Tett is most famous for her ongoing writing on the Wall Street culture that led to the current financial crisis. Several years before the crisis hit, she warned in her articles of the problems in the derivatives markets and the potential turmoil they could have globally. This was the subject of her most recent book, Fool's Gold. It is a historical ethnography of the people and culture that developed the derivatives markets now seen as responsible for the current crisis. Tett's training as an ethnographer is apparent in the importance she places on the values, relationships, and worldviews of small communities. The antiauthoritarian attitude of these groups toward existing banking methods and regulations, their extraordinary faith in the accuracy of mathematical models, their belief in the market's ability to correct itself, and their identification of innovation per se as a badge of honor were all factors contributing to the economic collapse. Fool's Gold has recently been used as evidence of the need for greater regulation in an integrated economy. Paradoxically, Tett's work demonstrates that ethnographic attention to the study of small local communities can be immensely important in a highly integrated global world.


This paper uses recent OECD data on services trade restrictions (STRI) to analyse the relationship between services trade policies and cross-border trade in services. A standard gravity model is en ...


ABSTRACT Two different transformation pathways were employed to improve the phase balance in the fusion zone (FZ) of 2304 duplex stainless steel during resistance spot welding: (i) downsloping current modification aiming at controlling the weld cooling rate and (ii) in situ post-weld short annealing of the weld aiming at formation of secondary austenite in the FZ. Both pathways enabled enhancing the austenite volume fraction in the FZ. However, the in situ post-weld annealing was more effective than the downsloping current modification. It was proved that generating a homogenous microstructure with an improved phase balance via proper in situ post-weld annealing treatment can enhance the corrosion resistance of the weld nugget compared to the unbalanced FZ produced in the as-welded condition.


The contributions of microscopy to our understanding of gametophytic self‐incompatibility in the ornamental tobacco Nicotiana alata are reviewed. Self‐incompatibility is a genetically based system which prevents self‐fertilization and thereby promotes outbreeding in plants. Pollen bearing an S‐allele identical to either of the S‐alleles in the female sporophytic tissues is rejected. Several S‐allele‐specific style glycoproteins have been isolated from Solanaceous species. All have ribonuclease activity and are termed S‐RNases. The cDNA clones encoding N. alata S‐RNases have been used in in situ hybridization experiments which show that the genes are expressed in the transmitting tract of the style and in the epidermis of the placenta. Immunocyto‐chemistry using an antibody to S2‐RNase demonstrates extracellular accumulation of the enzyme in the same tissues. These tissues are the pathway through which pollen tubes must grow to reach the ovules. The microscopy data are congruent with a model in which self‐pollenation is susceptible to an allele‐specific cytotoxin produced by the sporophyte.


Using the Boussinesq buoyancy approximation, we study a bubble of reaction products rising in the reactant fluid under the influence of gravity. Reaction on the surface of the bubble (the flame) results in an increase of the volume of the bubble. We consider fluids with low Prandtl and high Froude numbers (heat diffusion dominates over viscous dissipation, and burning dominates over gravitational effects). We show that, under these conditions, all initially small bubbles follow the same growth pattern, regardless of the flame speed, the reaction type, the gravity, the viscosity, the initial size, and, to some extent, the initial shape of the bubble. In the initial stage of this similarity solution a bubble grows radially in an essentially motionless fluid until it reaches some critical size, which is determined by the laminar flame speed, the gravitational acceleration, and the Atwood number. Once the bubble reaches the critical size, convection becomes significant and the bubble evolves into a more complicated, mushroom-like shape. The similarity solution is expressed using the critical bubble size for the unit length and the critical size divided by the laminar flame speed as the unit time.


This wide–ranging essay considers how photographs convey and condition understandings of spiritual space. Photographs have the potential to penetrate more deeply into spiritual experience, to shape ideas about it, and to take people to places they might not otherwise go. Photographic representations may reflect and frame numentectonic (spiritual–architectural) interiors for many people even more so than first–hand experience. Complicating the question of representation, all architectural settings possess atmospheres (referred to by some researchers as ambiences), and these atmospheres are only sometimes spiritual. Spiritual atmosphere is one variety of atmosphere, and to be seen it must be represented and named. A photograph can record atmospheres on the surface of things, capture the spirit of interior space, whether religious or secular, suggest spiritual worlds, and reveal human desire to make contact with those worlds. The history of photography suggests several categories and kinds of photographs as significant touch points in this analysis. Received and ever–evolving cultural understandings further mediate the production and reception of photography. Understanding photography's rhetorics, techniques, media, and settings helps clarify the relationship between atmospheres, interior architecture, and spirituality.


Previous theoretical studies have predicted that an EBT-confined plasma will have a stable equilibrium for beta values of the toroidal core plasma comparable to the beta value for the hot electron annulus. We show that, when the ring is allowed to be perturbed, there is a new physical effect, enhanced compression of the core plasma; that in the limit of negligible ..beta../sub core/, the interchange mode is stable for ..beta../sub ring/ greater than about 20%, as was found before; but that when the core pressure is increased, the plamsa goes unstable again at values of ..beta../sub core/ significantly smaller than the value for ..beta../sub ring/.


Based on program practice,the paper has discussed the significance,objective,way and method to collect information.The paper has put forward suggestions that as the agricultural scientific and technical information workers are responsible for gathering truly,specialized,prompt and valued information resource and issuing the information through the advanced network in order to display the important value of agricultural scientific and technical information.


The effect of temperature on the morphology of fibroblasts in a collagen gel (living dermal model (Toyobo, Japan)) was investigated to find an efficient way to delay the occurrence of pressure ulcers in malnourished patients. Cells were observed microscopically after culture for 0, 3, and 6 h at 37 or 25degC in Dulbeccopsilas phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) in an incubator under 5% CO2/95% air and 100% humidity. We measured the aspect ratio of cells located 10 mum below the gel surface after 0, 3, and 6 h under each condition. The meanplusmnSD aspect ratio was 16.9plusmn5.1 and 7.1plusmn4.0 (n = 16) at 0 and 6 h, respectively, for cells incubated at 37degC and 13.8plusmn4.1 and 14.5plusmn6.1 (n = 16) at 0 and 6 h, for cells incubated at 25degC. This indicates that cell viability can be maintained by lowering the temperature when the supply of nutrients is limited.


An absolute radiation detector (a cryogenic radiometer) is being developed to replace the existing UK primary national standard cryogenic radiometer with an improved uncertainty. The cryogenic radiometer will be capable of measuring black body radiation and laser radiation with an uncertainty approaching 10 ppm. From these measurements it will be possible to determine the fundamental constant, the Stefan Boltzmann constant, confirming the radiometer as an absolute detector, and link this determination to the SI unit of luminous intensity, the candela. Thus detector and source based scales/standards will be tied to an invariant physical quantity ensuring their long-term stability.


The condensation of 1,2- and 1,4-diketones with thiohydantoins to give tetrahydroquinodimethane and isatylidene derivatives respectively is described which may act as potential precursors for indigoid dyes as well as bioactive compounds. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, spectral studies as well as by molecular modelling using PC WIN model. In addition, the newly synthesized products have been screened for antimicrobial activity.


For two years, masters degree students in education (IUFM and university of Caen), have to design a eportfolio (using the BSCW platform). Lessons learned indicate that giving no strict model of eportfolio leads to an interesting variety of productions, with a great deal of creativity (use of a weblog, collective eportfolio with common parts and individual parts, use of pictures and metaphors...). The communication will elaborate upon the first results of this experimentation of eportfolio, advocating freedom of elaboration in this specific context.


ABSTRACT Scholars have taken great interest in black conservatism, but most focus on the ideology's contours during the post-civil rights era. Few closely interrogate the relationship between black conservatives and white conservative groups, particularly during the height of the civil rights movement. This article takes a close look at the partnership between black conservative George S. Schuyler and the rabidly anticommunist John Birch Society during the 1960s and 1970s. Black conservatives like Schuyler have often been dismissed as race traitors. However, Schuyler often used his conservative platforms to challenge racism, even among his right-wing audience. This reveals a complicated relationship and an unexpected black conservative politics that encompassed elements of the black freedom struggle once thought reserved for black liberals and nationalists.


Cost-volume-profit analysis method is divided into fixed-number cost-volume-profit analysis method and uncertain conditional cost-volume-profit analysis method. This paper extends the cost-volume-benefit analysis method under uncertain conditions to decision-making in colleges and universities, including the application of sensitivity analysis method for multi-level running schools and the application of joint probability method for undergraduate running schools, which provides a basis for project decision-making in colleges and universities.


This work describes the development of a grating diffratometer to provide traceable calibration of grating pitch in range 20 μm to 350 nm. The approach is based on the Littrow configuration in which a laser beam is directed onto the grating which is mounted on a rotary table and can be turned so that each selected diffraction order is retro-reflected in the laser incidence direction. A beamsplitter and a lens direct the reflected diffraction order to form a small image spot on a CCD camera and the spot centering is used to adjust to rotation angle, thereby giving the diffraction angle. Knowing the diffraction angle for several orders and the wavelength of the laser, the average grating pitch can be determined to an uncertainty the order of 14 pm.


Objectives : Recently, CK2 activation was reported to enhance reactive oxygen species production and activate the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Because oxidative stress and inflammation are critical events for tissue destruction during ischemia reperfusion (I/R), we sought to determine whether CK2 was important in the renal response to I/R. Methodology : Mice underwent 25 min of renal ischemia and were then reperfused. Results : We confirmed an increased expression of CK2α during the reperfusion period, while expression of CK2β remained consistent. We administered tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBBt), a selective CK2α inhibitor before inducing I/R injury. Mice subjected to I/R injury showed typical patterns of acute kidney injury; blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, tubular necrosis and apoptosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production, and oxidative stress were markedly increased when compared to sham mice. However, pretreatment with TBBt abolished these changes and improved renal function and architecture. Suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways might have caused the renoprotective effects of TBBt. Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that CK2α mediates proapoptotic and proinflammatory signaling, thus the CK2α inhibitor may be used to prevent renal I/R injuries observed in clinical settings.


Companies in the metalworking sector have problems when carrying out their work or projects; many of them are based on the inoperability caused by different factors during their production; among them are problems with inventory, and machine failures, among others, which leads to decreased compliance rate. By this, it is essential to carry out correct planning in purchasing materials and supplies for a good supply prior to a project; Likewise, perform periodic maintenance on the machines to keep them operational throughout the project. This was done using Lean tools like 5S, Just in Time (JIT), TPM, and ABC. In addition, DDMRP was used to manage inventory control better and increase the number of current projects without delays due to lack of supplies by 2.45% and the indicator of orders to suppliers delivered at the current time by 30.74%. After the simulation in the Arena software, the improvement could be observed in them, in the first in 63.81%, and the second in 28.74%.


Background: Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy related inflammatory process (CAA-ri), a rare condition caused by an inflammatory reaction occurring within essential cerebral blood vessels against beta-amyloid deposits, leads to subclinical cognitive decline. Often misdiagnosed as dementia, this process can be treated through aggressive immunosuppression, thereby reversing much of the cognitive impairment. Case Report: We report a 69 year old female who came to the clinic for a second opinion and had received a previous diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) from an outside hospital two years prior. She presented with her husband who provided some key aspects of the history. The husband reported two years of worsening of memory, while the patient denied her symptoms. Per husband and patient, she was able to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), including bathing, dressing and toileting, but had difficulties with many instrumental ADLs (IADLs). The clinical course was somewhat fluctuating with progressive cognitive symptoms and significant word-finding difficulties. Patient had been started on Donepezil 5 mg daily by her primary provider. Results: On examination, the patient did exhibit significant word-finding difficulties and scored 12/30 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), indicating moderate cognitive impairment. The Patient was as well confused and disoriented to time and place. Neurological examination was otherwise unremarkable. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies were ordered and showed patchy and diffuse T2/FLAIR hyper intensities and particularly concentrated in the posterior cerebral artery and inferior division of the middle cerebral artery. These findings were consistent with cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammation (CAA-ri). Besides susceptibility weighted image (SWI) was showing multiple widely distributed microhemorrhages typical for CAA. To address the acute inflammatory reaction the patient was hospitalized and received high dose, 3 day course of intravenous steroids, followed by an oral steroid taper. The treatment had to be monitored due to an unrelated hypertensive emergency and WPW syndrome (both newly diagnosed and treated emergently) thus the Patient was hospitalized for a 3 days and discharged on oral steroids tapper in improved condition. Additionally, imaging showed that the patient's hippocampal volumes were within normal range so this particular imaging biomarker didn't support the diagnosis of AD. CSF biomarkers analysis didn't support the diagnosis of AD either since had p-Tau levels were found to be within normal limits. Patient was found to be homozygous for the APOE e4 gene. Follow-up evaluation (including a repeat MRI study) was performed 2 months later showed clinical recovery and near complete resolution of diffuse hyperintensities, suggesting inflammation had resolved. Both the patient and the husband reported significant improvement in orientation and other aspects of cognition including working memory. The Patient scored 26/30 on MoCA. Discussion: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been commonly associated with brain hemorrhages in the elderly, but the inflammatory subtype CAA-I occur much less frequently and may be often misdiagnosed as a cancerous process (Ronsin et al. 2016). In a recent systematic review by Caldas A et al. 2015, of the 155 patients with documented CAA-I, almost half displayed some form of cognitive impairment and 86% received corticosteroids. Nearly half of the cases improved following treatment. Conclusion: We present a case of a patient previously diagnosed with AD, upon further investigation, likely CAA-I, treated aggressively with intravenous steroids to good effect. Although rare, CAA-I is a reversible disorder that may be masked by a dementia or/and delirious process and should be considered in patients showing relatively rapid and fluctuating cognitive decline.


Commentary on: Gysin-Maillart A, Soravia L, Schwab S. Attempted suicide short intervention program influences coping among patients with a history of attempted suicide. J Affect Disord 2019.

Suicide is increasingly regarded as a dysfunctional and distorted strategy aimed to resolve personal problems.1 Brief therapeutic interventions targeting 'suicide as the focus of care' are trending.2 The ASSIP, a brief intervention for suicide risk reduction and prevention, provides a therapeutic environment for people with attempted suicide to build self-understanding, to develop insight into their personal …


Objectives:Granulocyte transfusions have been used to treat immune cell dysfunction in sepsis. As granulocyte transfusions can trigger tissue injury via local effects of neutrophils, we hypothesized that extracorporeal treatment of plasma using granulocytes would prove beneficial while having less side effects. Design:Prospective controlled three-armed animal study. Setting:Research laboratory. Subjects:Twenty-one female immature pigs (7.5–12 kg, 7–9 weeks old). Interventions:Three groups of spontaneously breathing, sedated pigs (n = 7 each) received an intravenous lethal dose of live Staphylococcus aureus over 1 hour. Although group I had no specific treatment (control), group II and III were subsequently treated for 4 hours with an extracorporeal device containing either no cells (sham control, group II) or human cell line-derived granulocytic cells (group III). Survival time and physiologic, biochemical, and hematologic parameters were monitored for 7 days. Measurements and Main Results:All animals of group I died during the observation time (mean survival time: 70 hours). In group II, two of seven and in group III, six of seven animals survived the observation time (mean survival: 75 and 168 hours, respectively). Survival differences were significant between group I and III (p < 0.001) and between group II and III (p < 0.05) but not between group I and II (p = 0.43). Furthermore, group differences in bacterial blood concentrations, differential blood count, blood gases, lactate, and interleukins were observed. The extracorporeal cell treatment was well tolerated by the animals. Conclusions:Extracorporeal therapy with granulocytic cells significantly improved survival in a pig model of sepsis. Further studies with this approach are encouraged.


. This note describes a polynomial-time key-recovery attack on the UOV-based signature scheme called MQ-Sign. The scheme is a first-round candidate in the Korean Post-Quantum Cryptography Competition. Our attack exploits the sparsity of the secret central polynomials in combination with the specific structure of the secret linear map S . We provide a verification script that recovers the secret key in less than seven seconds for security level V.


The paper presents the average bit error rate (BER) of a maximal ratio combining (MRC) two-dimensional (2D)-RAKE receiver in correlated frequency selective Nakagami fading environments in the presence of multiple co-channel interferences. A closed-form expression of the simple approximated probability density function for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is derived for the receiver with multiple correlated antennas and multiple RAKE branches in arbitrary fading environments. The effects of spatial and temporal diversity order, angular spread, antenna spacing, average multi-path strength and fading severity on the performance of the MRC 2D-RAKE receivers are all illustrated.


Let L . = ∂t + (a(t) + ib(t))∂x be a partial di erential operator acting on distributions on the two-torus T, where a, b : T → R are real analytic functions. Assume that L is not a globally analytic hypoelliptic operator and b is not identically zero. The main goal of this work is the study of the singular solutions of L, by means of the nature and localization of their singularities. To this end, we rst study the theory of partial Fourier series, which are a useful tool to analyze the regularity of a given distribution.


Currently, laparoscopic liver resections are routinely performed at an increasing number of centres and has extended to include major liver resections as well as more challenging segments of the liver. We believe that patient positioning and port placement is a critical yet under described component of successful laparoscopic liver resection to achieve optimal visualisation and allow for an ergonomic and safe dissection. In this article, we describe the advantages of various types of patient positioning as well as provide illustrations for an array of trocar configurations previously described in literature. Whilst there is no universally accepted standardization of port placement for various resection types, this descriptive article can serve as a guide for the various possibilities of port configurations that can be individually adapted by surgeons based on their preference as well as the patient's physique and anatomy.


This study examined the hollowing process of rural communities, which is caused by migration, and explored its influence factors based on Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) analysis in an attempt to explore effect of regional characteristic. To capture the essence of rural hollowing, a logical framework was constructed. The rural hollowing was then evaluated based on an index system. Based on the assessment, HLM analysis was conducted to explore the influence factors at the household and community levels. The results demonstrated significant differences of rural hollowing among villages. In addition, the hollowing was not only affected by household-level variables but also by community-level variables. Further, for rural hollowing, the household-level variable was endogenous drive, while the community-level variables were exogenous drive. Among all the endogenous influence factors, population quality was the most important, and thus the loss of highly educated talents will aggravate the trend of rural hollowing and hinder the sustainable development of the countryside. Furthermore, in addition to promoting economic development and its diversification to alleviate rural hollowing, improving the quality of the population is more important to the sustainable development of the countryside in China.


Cellular calcium (Ca) exchange in arterially perfused whole heart is markedly perfusion‐limited. Therefore, a large fraction of exchangeable Ca recycles within the cell before exchanging with extracellular Ca. Ca enters the cell via sarcolemmal (SL) transient (T) and long‐lasting (L) channels activated at more negative and less negative membrane potential, respectively. The larger L currents are controlled via phosphorylation and G protein interaction to provide Ca to induce Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and for direct myofilament activation. Troponin C (TNC) binds 3 mol of Ca/mol. Only the low affinity site is responsible for activation of force and regulation of myofilament ATPase rate. This occurs through a shift in troponin I (TNI) with respect to actin induced by the TNC Ca binding. Relaxation depends on reduction of cytosolic (Ca) and occurs via 1) Ca pumping into the longitudinal SR modulated by phospholamban; 2) the recently cloned high‐capacity electrogenic SL Na‐Ca exchanger; and 3) the SL Ca pump under complex regulation including calmodulin control. Mitochondria transport Ca, but this transport is directed primarily to the regulation of various Ca‐sensitive dehydrogenases so that oxidative metabolism can be adjusted to changes in energy demand. The regulation of Ca movements consumes about 25% of the cell's total energy output. Mitochondrial Ca exchanges with extracellular Ca most slowly (t ½ = 3.6 min), SR Ca quite rapidly (t½′s = 3 and 19 s), and an Na‐Ca exchange‐dependent compartment very rapidly (t½ = 500 ms). After further description of Ca handling by the individual organelles, Ca movement is followed through the cell during the course of contraction, and the contribution of each organelle or compartment to overall cellular Ca exchange is defined.—Langer, G. A. Calcium and the heart: exchange at the tissue, cell, and organelle levels. FASEB J. 6: 893‐902; 1992.


2 age, eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m , proteinuria and glucose at a concentration >100 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: In patients with stroke, the impaired kidney function expressed by low eGFR with or without the presence of proteinuria is a powerful and an independent prognostic factor for short-term survival. ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER General Medicine ASSOCIATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTIONS WITH 30 DAY POST STROKE MORTALITY


Abstract Mitochondrial alterations in corticosteroid myopathy seen by electron microscopy have suggested that impaired oxidative respiration may be an important factor in pathogenesis. The fiber types of individual muscles were characterized by histochemical methods because of the selective muscle weakness observed clinically in steroid myopathy. Biochemical studies of oxidative respiration were performed to determine the metabolic significance of the histochemical changes. The severity of effect of corticosteroids correlated with the percentage of Type II glycolytic fibers in the muscles studied. Oxidative respiration of isolated mitochondria in treated animals showed a differential response dependent upon the substrate. With α-ketoglutarate or glutamate, the gluteus medius, a homogenous Type II muscle, showed a decrease in respiratory rate while the Type I oxidative soleus muscle maintained its respiratory rate and showed tighter coupling. The gluteus minimus with mixed fiber population demonstrated an intermediate response. A qualitative difference in oxidative respiration occurred using β-hydroxybutyrate. The medius was unable to utilize this substrate while the soleus and minimus readily oxidized it. Resistance of individual muscles to corticosteroids appears to depend on multiple factors including the biochemical potential and relative proportion of the various fiber types in a specific muscle as well as the ability of mitochondria to oxidize fatty acids. An apparent increase in muscle mitochondrial protein and in the intensity of oxidative histochemical staining reactions suggested an attempt at metabolic compensation in the treated animals.


Thyroid cancer is the 9th most common cancer in the world. Thus, in the year 2020, 586.000 cases of thyroid cancer were registered worldwide. The incidence rate among women is 10.1 per 100 thousand population, and among men — 3.1 per 100 thousand population. In Ukraine, in 2019, the standardized rate of incidence of thyroid cancer (world standard) was 6.9 per 100.000 population (2.8 among men, 10.5 among women). In the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the cervical spine, thyroid cancer ranks first place among women aged 18 — 29 (19.9 %), fourth among both men aged 18 — 29 (8.3 %, and women aged 30 — 54 (8.1 %). Over the past 40 years, increased incidence of thyroid cancer (in particular, papillary thyroid cancer) is observed in most countries, which can be explained by various factors, for example, overdiagnosis, a change in the prevalence of modified risk factors. In Ukraine, in the period from 1989 to 2012, the rate of incidence of papillary thyroid cancer among men increased by 115 %, among women — by 137 %, the annual increase in incidence of papillary thyroid cancer for men and women was 5 and 6 %, respectively. Multifocality in papillary thyroid cancer is a characteristic feature that is much more common in pediatric patients than in adults, but the number of studies in children is limited, which is associated with a lower prevalence of the disease in children. The results of investigations on the multifocality predictors and its role in influencing relapse, persistence, and survival in patients with papillary thyroid cancer are conflicting in both adults and pediatric population. Among the risk factors of multifocality, a smaller number of controversies concerns the links of metastasis in the lymphatic nodes, radiation in the anamnesis, childhood age, and for bilaterality — multifocality of the primary lobe and the presence of contralateral benign nodes (in adults). Other factors as predictors of multifocality have controversial significance and deserve attention in further research. The identification of reliable predictors of multifocality, especially with the help of preoperative data analysis, as well as multifocality risk stratification will facilitate the complex decision‑making process for the correct treatment tactics of children and adults with papillary thyroid cancer.


Gendered patterns and experiences in migration and acculturation research have recently started to gain recognition with the developments of intersectional and transnational/diaspora theories. Following advancements in the literature, the aim of the current study is to tackle gendered experiences of acculturation through readapting different social domains of RAEM (Relative Acculturation Extended Model) in making sense of the data from qualitative interviews with 24 Turkish migrant women across different European contexts. Findings suggest alternative lines in conceptualizing culture and thus, acculturation, in the case of Turkish migrant women, in addition to conceptualizing potential gendered peculiarities that may surface at the intersection of different positionalities across different social domains. Different consequences of how social domains intertwine in shaping women's acculturation strategies and the mismatch between their ideal and real strategies are discussed, with potential future leads and implications.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) also referred to as multicarrier communication systems, have become a key technology in current and for future communication systems. Due to OFDM's immunity to many channel imperfections, it is the ideal modulation scheme for many applications which transmit signals in hostile environments. A major drawback of OFDM is the high peak-toaverage-power ratio (PAPR) problem, which can lead to low power efficiency and nonlinear distortion at the transmitter power amplifier. Selected mapping (SLM) and Partial transmit sequences (PTS) are powerful and distortion less peak power reduction schemes for OFDM. In SLM the transmitter selects one favourable transmit signal from a set of sufficiently different signals which all represent the same information , while in PTS the transmitter constructs its transmit signal with low PAPR by coordinated addition of appropriately phase rotated signal parts. In this paper the technique of SLM is simulated for OFDM and it is found that using this technique with 8 alternative sub carrier vectors, PAPR is reduced to approximately 4 dB whereas using PTS with 8 sub block partitions, PAPR is reduced to approximately 5 dB. Keywords— Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), selected mapping, partial transmit sequences.


Sulfate aerosol particles, whatever natural or anthropogenic induced, impact the radiative forcing of the earth. With a major increase in the Middle-Eastern population, tracking the sulfate particle is critical to guide several air pollution reduction initiatives in the concerning countries. In this context, this study detects and assess sulfates over twelve countries of the Middle-East during sixteen years. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), which is a dimensionless measure of the climate forcing generated by aerosols, in the atmosphere has been calculated from MODIS aerosol products. These datasets allow global and daily monitoring of atmospheric content at a spatial resolution of 10 km. Results show a high concentration of sulfate aerosol in the Persian Gulf mainly related to active volcanoes activities. Also, several anthropogenic sources (e.g. civil and military aviation, gunpowder and live artillery usage, etc.) has been noted.


FRP reinforcement method is superior in safety and economic terms, but it's appears rapid degradation due to brittle fracture of reinforcing material. To solve this problem, study for PET sheet as reinforcement material was conducted by existing FRP reinforcement method. An experimental test was carried out by the amount of reinforcement and reinforcement types as the primary variable. As a results of this test, PET sheet appears ductility enhancement without rapid degradation. Consequently, it is judged that PET sheet is available to apply the field application.


P ulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fast progressing vascular disease characterized by proximal pulmonary arterial (PA) stiffening and distal PA occlusion, which increases right ventricular (RV) afterload and ultimately leads to RV failure. PAH disproportionally affects women, with a female to male ratio of ≈4:1 1 ; however, female PAH patients have better RV function 2 and a higher survival rate than male patients. 3 Both animal and clinical studies suggest that 17β-estradiol plays an important role in the sex differences in PAH. However, the mechanistic role of 17β-estradiol in modifying PAH development and progression remains incompletely known. 17β-Estradiol modifies age-and hypertension-related arterial stiffening in systemic arteries. 6,7 17β-Estradiol deficiency (because of ovariectomy or menopause) increases arterial stiffness, 8,9 and 17β-estradiol therapy restores stiffness (and its inverse, compliance) toward healthy values. 6,7 Stiffening of large, proximal PAs, a common feature of PAH, occurs early in disease progression 10 and is a powerful predictor of mortality in PAH. PA compliance primarily affects the oscillatory component of RV afterload; loss of PA compliance (PA stiffening) increases RV afterload and thus affects RV adaption to PAH. In addition, the stiffening of large proximal PAs reduces their ability to dampen the pulsatility of pressure and flow to distal PAs, which may exacerbate distal PA remodeling and thus progression of PAH. To understand how and to what extent 17β-estradiol affects proximal PA stiffening and PAH progression, the first step is to comprehensively investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol on PAH-induced biomechanical changes in proximal PAs. Most prior studies on the effects of 17β-estradiol on PA biomechanical properties have focused on its acute effects on PA vasoconstriction in healthy animals. 15–17 The chronic effects of 17β-estradiol on biomechanical properties of remodeled PAs remain underexplored. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that 17β-estradiol attenuates PAH-induced changes in proximal PA mechanical properties, which imparts hemodynamic and energetic benefits to RV adaption. We Abstract—Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rapidly fatal vascular disease, strikes women more often than men. Paradoxically, female PAH patients have better prognosis and survival rates than males. The female sex hormone 17β-estradiol has been linked to the better outcome of PAH in females; however, the mechanisms by which 17β-estradiol alters PAH progression and outcomes remain unclear. Because proximal pulmonary arterial (PA) stiffness, one hallmark of PAH, is a powerful predictor of mortality and morbidity, we hypothesized that 17β-estradiol attenuates PAH-induced changes in mechanical properties in conduit proximal …


Neuroevolution is a promising area of research that combines evolutionary algorithms and neural networks. A popular subclass of neuroevolutionary methods, called evolution strategies, rely on dense noise perturbations to mutate networks, which can be sample inefficient and challenging for large models with millions of parameters. We introduce an approach to alleviating this problem by decomposing dense mutations into low-dimensional subspaces. Restricting mutations in this way can significantly reduce variance as networks can handle stronger perturbations while maintaining performance. This approach is uniquely effective for the task of fine tuning pre-trained models, which is an increasingly valuable area of research as networks continue to scale in size and open source models become more widely available. We conduct an exploration of sparse mutation decompositions on the difficult ImageNet dataset, where we see small generalization improvements with only a single evolutionary generation across a wide variety of deep neural network architectures.


Electrocorticograms in restrained rats and in restrained and water (35°)-immersed rats showed a series of cycles fluctuating between low voltage rhythmical waves and high voltage irregular waves including spindles and spikes during a 6-hr stress period, whereas those in restrained and water (25°)-immersed rats showed a succession of low voltage rhythmical waves whose initial increased frequency gradually decreased below the original levels as the stress period was prolonged. Hippocampal electrical activities fluctuated in parallel with the cortical activities. A specific gastric motility, a severe gastric ulceration, and a marked hypothermia were observed only in the restrained and water (25°)-immersed rats. Acute adrenalectomy in the restrained and water (25°)-immersed group more decreased frequencies of the rhythmical low voltage waves and induced abnormal waves such as discharges and wave flattening with high mortality. These changes could be retarded by epinephrine or corticosterone administration but not by ACTH administration.


The readability of a text depends upon the interaction between the text's structure and the cognitive processes and structures possessed by a reader. A Simulation model af prose comprehension is discussed that yields predictions of both propositional recall and text readability t based on the frequencies of various processing events. This model is being extended to include the knowledge-based aspects of comprehension: these include the representation of text-relevant worid knowledge and top-down processes that observe the constraints established in a text äs the result of the text-knowledge interaction. Experiments are discussed that examine the kinds of constraints that are available during the reading process and the factors that determine the content of these constraints. The early stages of a Simulation model that integrates knowledge structures with top-down and bottom-up processes are also described.


The electromagnetic scattering characteristics of an array of narrow, conducting strips can he developed readily by extending the work of Butler and Wilton who show that Chebyshev polynomials augmented with the edge condition can be used to solve the narrow-strip/narrow-slot integral equations. The strips reside in a homogeneous medium of infinite extent and are considered narrow relative to wavelength in the medium at the frequency of excitation. The unknown current distributions on the strips are represented as linear combinations of certain basis functions that are exact solutions to the approximate equation for an isolated narrow strip subject to a special excitation. The resulting power-series treatment allows easy calculation of the coupling terms among the strips in the array in a simple matrix equation by which the unknown coefficients in the current distribution expansions may be readily computed. With these coefficients, one can obtain the distribution of current on each strip and the total scattered field. The method is particularly well suited for handling large arrays with more strips than could be accommodated by the usual moment method. Numerical data-currents and scattered fields-are presented for various cases of interest.


This paper proposes a new method of active distribution network expansion planning considering natural disasters to solve the problem of natural disasters in the current active distribution network expansion planning research. First, the impact of natural disasters on the power grid is carried out according to the three-state model of grid disasters. Quantify and determine the disaster probability of the grid line as the influencing factor in the extended planning. Then, establish a planning model to optimize the planning problem. Finally, the upper and lower models are solved using binary particle swarm optimization and particle swarm optimization, respectively. An example is used to prove the rationality of the method in this paper.


The teaching exploration and practice of comprehensive and open experiments in organic chemistry experiment are introduced.The experiment content,mode and effect are discussed.It has proved that the comprehensive and open experiments could take the students as main body and cultivate the scientific quality,research ability and innovative consciousness of the students.


The invention discloses a method and apparatus for automatic alarm. The method includes steps of receiving a triggering instruction for starting an alarm process; obtaining the current position; starting a recording process, and obtaining an audio file after the execution of the recording process for a preset time; and generating an alarm message for uploading through the current position and the audio file. Therefore, according to the method and apparatus for automatic alarm, the problem that the convention alarm mode can only be realized by dialing 110 and the position needs to be informed is solved.


Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant, neurocutaneous disorder. Mutations of TSC1 and TSC2 genes which lead to the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway dysregulation have been identified. In addition to the neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations, the disease can have many other systemic manifestations affecting skin, kidneys, lungs, heart and eyes. The psychiatric manifestations can be broadly considered under neurodevelopmental, behavioural, intellectual, and psycho ocial symptoms. The diagnosis is often confirmed after a detailed evaluation.  Treatment options include symptomatic management, prevention of loss of function of the affected organs and the etiological approach through mTOR inhibitors. Researches are being conducted using mTOR inhibitors like Rapamycin, everolimus and sirolimus on this regard. A case of organic delusional disorder with paranoid schizophrenia like symptomatology in a patient with TS is also described at the end.


Stress states of the wellbore and the perforation hole for the horizontal well with any deviation angle under open-hole completion and perforation hole completion in normal faults were investigated.Based on the formation breakdown pressure(FBP) formula of vertical wells,the corresponding analytical formula for horizontal wells were derived with the substituting method,and one numerical example was studied.The result shows that the FBP is dependent on the completion method and the deviation angle.The FBP for perforation completion was quite different from that of open-hole completion since both of the stress states were distinct.Whether for open-hole or perforation completions,the FBP is the monotonically increasing function of the deviation angle which arrives at the minimum value and the maximum value at angles of 0 degree and 90 degrees respectively.


The king crab inhabit waters around the Canary Islands, but it is more common off Gran Canaria and Tenerife Islands, in depths between 300 and 1150 m, beging more abundant in the 600-1000 m range. There were not significant differences between winter and summer in its batimetic distribution and relative abundance. The wider bathymetric distribution was observed off La Gomera island (300-1100 m depth) and Gran Canaria and Tenerife islands (300-1000 m and 500-1150 m depth respectively). However, the higher abundance was always found between 600 and 900 m depth. Off Lanzarote and La Palma islands the bathymetric distribution was lightly reduced (600-1000 and 400-900 m depth respectively). On other hand, significative differences were observed in mean weight distributions, beging heavier and lighthavier specimens caught off Lanzarote and La Gomera islands, respectively. Otherwise, females were more abundant than males in captures, with sex ratios that oscillate between 1:1,4 to 1:1,7, except off La Palma were males were predominant, with a sex ratio 1:0,4.


The present invention relates to an apparatus for unidirectional liquid transport is substantially perpendicular to a surface, a method of manufacturing the device according to the invention, and the use of such a device.


The paper analyzed and stated the relationship between the tectonic seam and the coal and gas outburst problem in order to pro-vide the effective and accurate geological information for the safety production in the mining area.From the view point of the seam sliding structure,the paper discussed the formation and distribution law of the tectonic seam and studied the relationship mechanism of the coal and gas outburst problems and the tectonic seam.The relationship procedure between the seam sliding structure and the tectonic seam in the mining area would be based on the drilling logging cures to judge the features and distribution of the tectonic seam,the tectonic seam type,the development location and thickness.The study on the distribution features of the seam sliding structures was applied to discuss the relationship between the tectonic seam and the seam sliding structure.The study results showed that the tectonic seam type of the 11-2 seam in Panji Mining Area would mainly be II type and III type,the seam sliding zone in the mining area would be mainly concentrat-ed at the bottom of the seam floor and thus the seam floor would be seriously destroyed.There was a broken seam sliding structure mainly developed in the mining area and there was less folding broken in the seam.The development degree distribution of the tectonic seam would have more deep section than the shallow section in the Midwest of the mining area and would have more shallow section than the deep section in the east part of the mining area.The deep tectonic seam was not developed.


There is rich bird resources within Deqin administration bureau's jurisdiction,Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve.There have been recorded 328 species by the end of 2005,including 204 species of resident,accounting for 62.2% of the total;76 species of summer visitant and reproductive bird,accounting for 23.2% of the total;48 species of travel bird and winter visitant,accounting for 14.6% of the total.In accordance with fauna elements,106 species of oriental realm and 48 species of palearctic realm,68 species of extensive distributive species.Focus on the threatening and restricting factors on bird diversity resources,the corresponding countermeasures are proposed.


National brand is a relatively new concept. It appeared along with the economic globalization and it concerns the competition between nations in order to withdraw the attention of the investors, tourists, consumers, immigrants, media and foreign governments. In other words, a powerful, positive national brand offers a crucial competitive advantage. That is why, it is essential for the countries to know how people all over the world perceive them (seen as target public) and to know how their achievements and failures, duties and tasks, population and products are seen throughout the brand.


This essay argues the Supreme Court decision Espinoza v. Farah Mfg. Co. should be overturned because of its incorrect definition of national origin discrimination under Title VII. The essay argues that Espinoza v. Farah's holding that discrimination based on citizenship status, immigration status or migrant status is not national origin discrimination under Title VII's disparate impact or disparate treatment theories is incorrect from both theoretical and doctrinal standpoints. To bolster its analysis, the essay presents a social and political history of discrimination against Latinos at the time of the decision, as well as the litigation strategy behind Espinoza to illustrate how discrimination based on citizenship status, migrant status and immigration status is discrimination based on national origin. It then shows how two lines of cases — Title VII discrimination cases brought by H1B guest workers on the basis of national origin discrimination and EEOC trafficking cases alleging discrimination based on national origin and/or sex — have begun to erode the analysis underlying Espinoza. It concludes with an argument, based on current Supreme Court standards, that Espinoza should be overturned.


This project is concerned with the structure and function of the unique antenna system found in the green photosynthetic bacteria. The antenna system in these organisms is contained within a vesicle known as a chlorosome, which is attached to the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane. Additional antenna pigments and reaction centers are contained in integral membrane proteins. Energy absorbed by the bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) pigments in the chlorosome is transferred via a ``baseplate`` array of BChl a antenna pigments into the membrane and to the reaction center. A schematic model of chlorosome structure is shown. This project is aimed at increasing our understanding of the organization of the pigments in the chlorosome and how the antenna system functions.


The model describing a magnetic fluid as a dispersion of aggregates with different sizes was considered. The aggregates consist of magnetic particles and a surfactant. In the simplest case, the aggregate is a particle covered with a stabilizing surfactant shell. The expressions for the velocity and the coefficient of the ultrasound attenuation in a magnetic fluid modeling by discrete and continuous aggregate size distributions are derived. The case is considered when the particle size distributions for the dispersed phase is described by a log-normal function. For this case, distributions of the aggregates' numbers, volumes, and surface areas over sizes were determined. The processed data on acoustic spectra for dodecane-based magnetic fluids measured within the range of 12-2000 MHz at 20°C are reported.


The results generally show in good agreement with actual running performance. However, three peaks of the vertical GRF are different from the actual running performance. One reason would be the time lag between the foot and toe touchdown. Finely dividing the foot segment or adding the sole round has the possibility to solve this problem. Since this simulation model can evaluate running performance changes due to spring-damper properties, midsole design parameters can be optimized for each runner. References Nigg, B. M. (2010). Biomechanics of sport shoes, Calgary, Alberta, CA: Topline printing Inc. Bezodis, N. E., Trewartha, G., & Salo, A. I. T. (2015). Understanding the effect of touchdown distance and ankle joint kinematics on sprint acceleration performance through computer simulataion. Sports Biomechanics, 14, 232–245. doi:10.1080/14763141.2015. 1052748


The study examines the relationship between market liquidity and economic growth in Nigeria over the period of 1987-2012 using time series data. The starting point of our analysis was to check for the time series properties of the underlying data using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and the Engle-Granger procedure. The existence of non-stationarity and co-integration were established which necessitated an ECM for the analysis. But first, the popular Granger-Causality Test was conducted to ascertain whether Market Liquidity Granger-causes Economic Growth or vice-versa. The empirical result from the Granger causality test indicates that market liquidity does not granger-cause GDP; neither does GDP granger-cause market liquidity. From the result, Market Liquidity captured by its proxies of Turn-over Ratio, Market Capitalization and Private Sector Credit are statistically significant in explaining GDP. Based on the findings, we suggest the monetary authorities should focus on policies that will develop financial infrastructure that will ensure macroeconomic stability under which economic agents can make decisions that promote rapid financial market development and subsequent capital market performance. The problem of low awareness about the operations of the capital markets in the economy can be reduced by educating the populace about the opportunities available in the market.


Doctor is a profession which has clear specialty and department division.So does traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Branched education of TCM gradually came into being as time went by,and has its own inherent laws of development.In ancient times,TCM education was already divided into separate fields,and revealed its inherent development laws in educational practice of all the dynasties.


Background: Objective : To study clinical presentation and various laboratory parameters of acute viral hepatits caused by Hepatitis E virus in surndranagar district. Study Design : Retrospective cross sectional study was carried out from Jan 2011 to March 2011. Data of 1500 patients were collected and analysed. Result : In this study majority of patients had higher Serum bilirubin and SGPT level. Serum bilirubin in patients was ranging from 1mg/dL to 45 mgdL . SGPT was also higher ranging from 15 IU/L to >4000 IU/L. HEV Ig M by ELISA method was positive in 95% of all advised cases. They had symptoms of acute viral hepatitis like nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice, diarrhea and vomiting. Conclution : In this outbreak of acute viral hepatitis Hepatits E virus was an important attributing factor. Hepatitis E virus was transmitted through feco – oral rout. Patients' symptoms were similar to other viral hepatitis.[Thakkar B et al NJIRM 2012; 3(3) : 81-84]


It's a basic theory of the CPC's ideas about ideological and political work to understand and grasp correctly the theory of the position and function of ideological and political work.Jiangzemin achieved a series of breakthroughs of new theories by combining the basic principles of ideological and political work with solving the important present social problems of our nation.The ideological and political work which he brought about is relevant to the theory of the General Situation,the theory that the power of the spirits is the important part of the comprehensive national power,the theory that the ideological and political work is the central aspect of the unity of the two civilizations,the theory that the ideological and political work is in the first place in the construction of our party.Among them,the theory that spirital construction is the first place in the progress of all works,the theory that the ideological and political work is the guarantee of doing anything well,the theroy of controlling of spirital field,the theory of promoting the development of economics and the theory of promoting the reforming and opening policy,and so on.All these new theoretical fruits enrich the CPC's theory about ideological and political work and lay a scientific theoretical foundation for correctly understanding the position and function of the ideological and political work and have great theoretical and practical significance for guiding the ideological and political work going into the new century.


CLINICAL HISTORY This is a 66-year-old white male with occasional mild headaches in the past. He presented with a 4month history of headaches occurring one to four times per day, brought on by having a bowel movement, stooping, or getting up from a sitting position. He did not know if the headache was triggered by coughing because he had not coughed at all. The headache was a bifrontal and bitemporal sharp, aching pain with a 7/10 intensity and occasionally a 9/10 intensity with an average duration of 1 minute and a range of 30 seconds to 1 hour. About 20 of the headaches had lasted more than 1 minute, with most in a range of 1 to 2 minutes. He had tried ibuprofen and acetaminophen with questionable help. For the prior 5 days, he had increased his dose of aspirin from 81 mg per day to 325 mg per day. The headache was then different with a constant bifrontotemporal pressure with an intensity of 1/10 but he had not had the brief headaches with activity exacerbation. He had a CT scan of the sinuses on June 14, 2004 with essentially negative findings.


Smart meter is the most important modern energy meter in smart grid. Apart from measuring energy consumption, it also provides additional information to the utility company and the consumers for effective energy management. Integration of smart meters into electricity grid involves implementation of various communication technologies and software depending on the features that the situation demands. This paper outlines some features and benefits of a smart meter, current status as well as various future projects of smart grid development in top five electricity generating countries worldwide. In addition, it introduces some basic communication technologies used in smart grid and the challenges of smart meters in the future.


Hossein Zadeh, M. H., M. Isfahani, B. Rabiei and M. Rabiee. 2007. Effect of row spacing on grain yield and its components and radiation use efficiency in four rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars grown in paddy fields in Guilan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 9(3): 263-281. The effect of row spacing on grain yield, yield components and oil content of four rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars was investigated in a paddy fields as second crop after rice at Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht), in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping seasons. The experiment was conducted as a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four rapeseed cultivars: Hyola308, RGS003, PF7045/91 and Hyola401 were assigned to main plots and three row spacings: 20, 25 and 30 cm at constant plant densities` (40 plant/m) were randomized in sub-plots. Results showed that rapeseed cultivars were significantly different in grain yield, oil content, oil yield, biological yield, days to maturity, number of siliques per plant, number of grains per silique, silique length, 1000grain weight, number of first, second and third order auxiliary branches, and plant height. Results also indicated that, PF7045/91 ranked the first in grain yield, oil content, oil yield, biological yield, days to maturity ,number of siliques per plant and number of first and second order branches and plant height. Row spacing had significant effect on biological yield, harvest index and days to maturity, but its effect on grain yield, oil content and oil yield was not significant. However, row spacing of 20 cm ranked the first in grain yield, oil content, and oil yield. Correlation coefficients between traits indicated that grain yield was significantly correlated with number of siliques per plant, second order branches and plant height. Number of siliques per plant and plant height were significantly correlated with oil content. Results showed that PF7045/91 ranked the first in light interception (LI%) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) (75.5% and 2.33 g.MJ, respectively) and Hyola308 ranked the least (61.5% and 1.54 g.MJ, respectively). Row spacing of 20 cm also ranked the first in light interception (68.5%).


To meet the data acquisition and processing,production process control and information technology and automation of management.Considering the actual coal production,automation devices and basic management system theory are applied,and the real-time monitoring for day-to-day operating parameters and status of the main mine fan is achieved by applying a multi-sensor and transmitter,PLC,PC and software control system mode.It has proved that the system designed operates reliably and the methods and techniques can meet the needs of safety management in coal mine production.


Students in this 21st century are required to acquire these 4C skills: Critical thinking, Communication, Collaboration and Creativity. These skills can be integrated in the teaching and learning through innovative teaching that promotes active and meaningful learning. One way of integrating these skills is through collaborative knowledge creation and sharing. This paper providesan example of meaningful teaching and learning activities designed within the Create-Share-Collaborate instructional strategy by utilizing Web 2.0 tool namely Popplet.


The problem is of course reminiscent of Pythagorean triples, triples of integers that satisfy the Pythagorean theorem , and hence are lengths of the sides of a right triangle. Euclid in Elements X.29 gives a solution without a hint of how it was obtained (trial and error by Pythagoreans seems likely), or why it gives all the triples. A constructive method first appears in Diophantus's Arithmetica (c. 250 AD) when solving the famous problem II.8, 'partition a given square into two squares', the one whose margins were too narrow in Fermat's copy of the book, see [1] for a nice commentary. a, b, c c2 = a2 + b


Dongchang Lake is a famous city lake beauty spot in Shandong Province. Based on the water quality data of 2006,the water quality of Dongchang Lake was assessed and analyzed by the fuzzy pattern recognition model,concentration exponent method and rating method,in terms of surface water quality standard,scenery and recreation water use standard and lake eutrophication.The results show that the water quality of Dongchang Lake is of class Ⅳ,and some contaminant indices do not satisfy the requirement of the scenery and recreation water use standard,and the water has resulted in eutrophication.Finally,suggestions and measures are put forward according to the evaluation results.


Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) with guanine-rich sequences can form four-stranded structures so called G-quadruplex (Gq), which binds hemin, an iron-containing porphyrin. The hemin/Gq is an electroactive complex and exhibits peroxidase activity, and thus the hemin/Gq complexes have attracted great attention as a signal generator. This short review surveys the use of the hemin/Gq complex as an electrochemical signal generator. Electrochemical methods for detecting the hemin/Gq complex, approaches to signal amplification, and targeting strategies are herein discussed. Compared with protein-based signal generators, hemin/Gq complexes have some advantages: a wide variety of ssDNA sequences with various chemical modifications are easy to obtain, they can be immobilized on an electrode easily, and they can be designed as desired to connect functional domains. Also there are many molecular-biological tools to handle them. Hemin/Gq complexes have been successfully used to detect bioanalytes ranging from low molecular weight compound to macromolecules such as proteins, specific nucleic acids, or living cancer cells. Such bioanalytes are critical to the investigation of cellular function. Thus, DNAbased probes that contain hemin/Gq as a signal generator are a promising tool for the electrochemical analysis of cellular function, offering a competent alternative to a conventional protein-based signal generator. © The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.


A total of seven (Akman-98, Doruk, Karacasehir-90, Noyanbey-98, Sarikiz, Horoz, Sarnic) dry bean genotypes were grown as a second crop in Konya-TURKEY ecological conditions. Field trials were set up according to "Split - Split Plots Experimental Design" with three replications for two years (2010 and 2012). Sowings were made on 15 th and 30 th of June for both years. Determination of correlations and cluster analysis were made on some of the quality characteristics (pod length, pod width, handle diameter, awn value, straightness of beak, breaking easiness of pod) that are used for green bean. According to the results, the positive correlation value (0,5771) between pod length and pod width was found statistically important (p<0,05). The other correlation values were found as statistically insignificant. Negative and insignificant correlations were observed between pod length and breaking easiness of pod (-0,0122), pod width and awn value (-0,0086), pod width and straightness of beak (-0,0293), pod width and breaking easiness of pod (-0,1254), pod handle diameter and straightness of beak (-0,1902), awn value and straightness of beak (-0,1666), straightness of beak and breaking easiness of pod (-0,1740). Cluster analysis for the mentioned characteristics of the bean genotypes showed 2 main groups and they were diverged 3 sub-groups. Distance of the cluster was ranged from 0.91 to 4.09 values. Consequently, it is suggestible to consider the mentioned characteristics for the quality of green bean which produced as a second crop from dry bean genotypes.