The methods of in situ cathodoluminescence and scanning electron microscopy were used in a study of stimulated dislocation glide. Dislocations generated by deliberate surface damage were found to be highly mobile when excited above a certain threshold. A study was made of the dependence of the glide velocity on the excitation rate and the first quantitative results on low-temperature dislocation motion are reported.


The utility model relates to a rubber bushing of an automobile shock absorber, in particular to a rubber bushing which is used for buffering the shock between an automobile shock absorber and a shock absorber support, which belongs to the technical field of the automobile shock absorption. The rubber bushing comprises a bushing outer tube, a vulcanized rubber layer and a bushing inner tube, wherein the inner edge of the bushing outer tube is closely connected with the outer edge of the vulcanized rubber layer and the outer edge of the bushing inner tube is closely connected with the inner edge of the vulcanized rubber layer. The rubber bushing of the automobile shock absorber is simple, compact and reasonable in structure, high in reliability, good in duration and shock absorption effect, easy to machine, high in production efficiency, low in cost, convenient in installation and good in use.


Provides a first-hand account of adolescence and young adulthood in 16th- and 17th-century Europe in the form of letters to, by and about three boys from different generations and branches of the same Nuremberg family as they travelled across Europe and to the New World.


Models are fundamental for any digital production. Ranging from main characters to secondary props, they always must satisfy the aesthetic and technical requirements. Consequently, tools to create production models become essential in digital movie making. Therefore, Disney Animation has invested heavily in proprietary modeling software. Our tools strive to meet two main goals. First, they need to be intuitive to use, seamlessly integrated into Autodesk Maya (our main production tool for asset creation and modification). Second, they have to be efficient, and to achieve this, we develop and employ state-of-the-art algorithms.


The effects of hydrogen annealing on reverse current-voltage characteristics of a zinc borosilicate glass passivated p-n junction with a negative net number of charges N at the glass-silicon interface have been studied. It was shown that a negative N contributed to raising the breakdown voltage, and the stepped reverse current-voltage characteristics could be found owing to this. The avalanche breakdown voltage and leakage current decreased with hydrogen annealing. These results were discussed in terms of a positive shift in the negative N associated with the decrease of the acceptor type interface trap density. The effective capture cross section in the glass-silicon system studied was found to be less than 5 x 10/sup -16/ cm/sup 2/.


Estimating the position of mobile terminals is a key problem in many wireless applications. The paper proposes a novel mobile-terminal positioning approach using a single array antenna in multipath environments. We estimate the location of a terminal by combining experimental results using an array antenna and ray-tracing analysis results with highly accurate, three-dimensional terrain data. In particular, we focus on the directions of arrival (DOAs) and angular spreads (ASs) of the received signals in the analysis and accurately estimate the location of the terminal by comparing the DOAs and ASs of the received signals obtained experimentally with those obtained by the ray-tracing analysis. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method through actual experimental data.


A roving survey was conducted during 2008–09 and 2009–10 of pigeonpea crop at various places of Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of Uttar Pradesh to know the status of Macrophomina stem canker (MSC). The MSC incidence recorded in the range of 1 to 60% in 2008–2009 and 0 to 19.5% in 2009–2010. The incidence during 2008–2009 was highest at Dhaurahara (60%) followed by Chilbilla (25%), Dugmugpur, Arjunpur and Basani (20%), Lalpurchatti (10.25%), Fulwaria (10%) and Sagarpur (9.5%). During 2008–09, hundred per cent disease prevailed in both the districts, while in 2009–10 crop season, the disease prevalence was 52.63% and 75% in Mirzapur and Varanasi district, respectively. Due to the more conducive weather conditions for disease development in 2008–09 crop season, the disease prevalence was so high.


objective Levels of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) in blood are associated with variation in cardiovascular disease risk. Serum ACE activity in women may be reduced by combined oestrogen–progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, the relative contribution of each hormonal component to this observation is uncertain. We investigated ACE activity in two groups of healthy postmenopausal women receiving HRT regimens.


US President Barack Obama has nominated Nobel Prize winner Harold Varmus to head the US National Cancer Institute. The appointment does not need Senate approval.

The appointment is unusual because from 1993 to 1999 Dr Varmus headed the National Institutes of Health, the parent agency of the cancer institute. Since January 2000 he has headed Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.

He is also co-chair of President Obama's council of advisers on science and technology.

While he was head of the National Institutes of Health Dr Varmus nearly doubled the institute's budget, which this year is $5.1bn (£3.5bn; €4.1bn).

The New York Times reported he was "expected to …


The present investigation has for object the analysis of the children mistreated by the father in the familiar bosom, what also can be denominated violence of gender its study this based on the appreciation of the legal norms in force as much in the international scope as in the scopes of the European community and, Spanish by which it tries to alleviate this situation of violence against the children both born in the marriage, as the children of the de facto couples. The methodology that is used in this document has been an analysis in all its content through descriptive analysis. By means of a description of international standards, of the European Union and especially of Spain, reaching the conclusion in the legal treatment of the male influence on their children, as an indispensable element to eradicate domestic violence or, gender Rev. Faculdade de Direito | ISSN: 0101-7187 Rev. Faculdade de Direito, 2020, v. 44: e60123 DOI: 10.5216/rfd.v44.60123 violence, that entail specific and concrete rules that directly influence Spanish positive law.


Hoatzin, a unique species endemic to Neotropics, has puzzled avian systematists since it was described 244 years ago. Despite its enigmatic origin and unparalleled life cycle, behavior, and mode of...


Thin pseudomorphic layers of InAs were grown on selected III–V (100) substrates to ascertain the effect of the variation of the in‐plane biaxial stress on its valence band density of states. The range over which the stress varies is 6.7% compression to 7% tension. The layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy using the migration enhanced epitaxy technique. Surface sensitive ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy showed a strong modification of the valence band (VB) over the chosen stress range. Strain induced shifts in the energy separation of the VB maximum and the spectral feature related to contributions from the X3 and L1 Brillouin zone critical points were observed to be nonmonotonic as a function of biaxial stress.


This collection analyzes twenty-first-century American television programs that rely upon temporal and narrative experimentation. These shows play with time, slowing it down to unfold the narrative ...


Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology: 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indoteatkytamines. VirroRlo ERSPAMER, Subeditor. Vol. 19. 948 pp., $46.00. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1966. The Sex Chromatin. KEITH L. MooRE, Editor. 474 pp., $16.00. \V. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1966. Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. R. BARER AND V. E. COSSIETT, Editors. Vol. 1. 283 pp., 73 s., $11.50. Academic Press, New York, 1966. Uttrastrncturat Aspects of Disease. DONALD WEST KING, Editor. 295 pp., $12.50. Hoeber Medical Division, Harper and Row, Publishers, New York, 1966. Textbook of Biochemistry. EDWARD STAUNTON WEST, WILBERT R. TODD, HOWARD S. MASON, AND JOHN T. VAN BRUGGEN, Editors. 1595 pp., $18.50. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1966. Topographic Brain Chemistry. By REINHARD L. FRIEDE. 543 pp., $22.00. Academic Press, New York, 1966. Bioluminescence in Progress, Proceedings of the Luminescence Conference sponsored by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by the National Science Foundation, under the United States-Japan Cooperative Science Program, September 12-16. 1965, Hakone National Park, Kanagawa-ken, Japan. FRANK H. JOHNSON AND YATA HANEDA. Editors. 650 pp., $15.00. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1966. Advance8 in Enzymology. F. F. NORD, Editor. Vol. 28. 547 pp., $15.00. Interscience Publishers, New York, 1966. The Structure and Function of Animal Cell Components, An Introductory Test. By P. N. CAMPBELL. 153 pp., $3.45. Pergamon Press, Long Island City, New York, 1966. Report on the Columbia-A .U.B. Nutrition Re8earch Program-Report of the First Five Years, 19611966. 31 pp. Nutrition Research Laboratory, American University of Beirut, Lebanon. Structure and Function of Elastin and Collagen. By IL0NA BANGA. 225 pp., $12.00. Akademiai Kiado (Publishing house of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Budapest, 1966. Basic Concepts of Inborn Errors and Defects of Steroid Biosynthesis. K. S. HOLT AND D. N. RAINE, Editors. 80 pp., $4.75. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1966. Genetics in Medicine. By ALWYN SMITH. 71 pp., $3.50. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1966. Reproductive Physiology of the Post -Partum Period. By ALBERT SHARMAN, 127 pp., $6.50. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1966. Macromotecular Metabolism, Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the New York Heart Association. 366 pp. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1966. Monographs in Human Genetics. Vol. 2: Karyotype, Meiosis and Spermatogenesis in a Sample of Men Attending an Infertility Clinic. By B. Kjessler. 93 pp., S. Fr. 23.50. S. Karger AG., Basel, 1966. Brain Tissue Electrolytes. By A. VAN HARREVELD. 170 pp., $7.95. Butterworth, Inc., Washington, 1966. Second Symposium on Methotrexate in the Treatment of Cancer. P. M. WORRALL AND 11. J. ESPINER, Editors. 117 pp., $10.00. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1966. The Chromosome, Structural and Functional Aspects, Annual Symposium, June 1-4, 1965. Organized by Dr. GEORGE YERGANIAN. 107 pp., $6.00. The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1965. Foundations of Immunochemistry. by EUGENE D. DAY. 209 pp., $8.50. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1966.


The atomistic tight-binding study is implemented to model the structural and optical properties in the morphological evolution of a CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanodisk to CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanorods by changing the length-to-diameter ratios. I show that the hole ground state undergoes a transition from a heavy-hole-like to a light-hole-like state by increasing the aspect ratios. The common monotonic behaviours of single-particle spectra, atomistic character, e-h overlap, radiative lifetime, excitonic spectra, and oscillation strength are mainly elucidated and quantified to address the relative impact on the structural transformation from disk to rod. The numerical computation and physical analysis are conducted to provide a useful guideline for the unique structural and optical properties by using a light hole instead of a heavy hole.


The proteocephalidean cestode Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. (Proteocephalidae: Acanthotaeniinae) is described from the intestine of the monitor lizard Varanus spenceri Lucas & Frost, 1903 (Reptilia: Varanidae) in Australia. Kapsulotaenia chisholmae n. sp. is compared with its five recognized congeners. The new species differs from K. sandgroundi (Carter, 1943), K. varia (Beddard, 1913) and K. tidswelli (Johnston, 1909) by the anterior position of the vagina to the cirrus-sac. It also differs from K. varia, K. frezei Schmidt & Kuntz, 1974 and K. saccifera (Ratz, 1900) by a different egg number in each clusters (8-13 in K. chisholmae versus 12-20, 90-100 and more than 100, respectively), from K. frezei and K. saccifera by a different cluster shape (spherical to oval versus banana-shaped in the latter two species), from K. sandgroundi and K. tidswelli by a greater diameter of the embryophore (37-45 μm versus 25-30 μm and 19-32 μm, respectively); from K. sandgroundi and K. varia (sensu Nybelin, 1917), by the absence of a vaginal sphincter. Finally, K. chisholmae differs from K. varia, K. tidswelli, K. frezei and K. saccifera by a larger size (length of the strobila up to 315 mm versus 30 mm, 27-30 mm, 40 mm, and 10-40 mm, respectively). We consider K. saccifera to be a species inquirenda due to its very poor description (no illustration, nor description of the scolex, number of testes, cirrus-sac ratio, testis field, uterine branches number, etc.). Specimens redescribed by Nybelin (1917) as K. varia (Beddard, 1913) are considered to be another, yet unnamed species of Kapsulotaenia.


A thesis submitted to the Ahmadu Bello University,Zaria , in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of
Science in Applied Geophysics.Department of Physics
Faculty of Science
Ahmadu Bello University
Zaria, Nigeria


Global capitalism argued that industrialization is a leading sector of growth and prosperity. State policy need to encourage foreign investment and multilateral trade system as the internationalization of economic liberalism. In developing country such as Indonesia, multinational corporation welcome as the government partner on development aimed to reduce unemployment and rise the market export commodities. Whereas, the structuralism accused the multinational corporation as the instrument of hegemon western country that bring the problems of worker welfare and environmental preservation. This paper would like
to describe how the United States corporation – Betts Indonesia harmonize the international standard of worker welfare with the government rules of host country. Data and information obtained from library research and depth interviewed to management and worker of Betts Indonesia as the subject of research. It proved the liberal proposition that the corporation support the government rules on the program of worker welfare involve BPJS (Indonesian Social Insurance), the freedom of labor union, pension fee, the right of maternity, and the Corporate Social Responsibility project with PMI (Indonesian National Red Cross) in which the integration of international standard as the corporation own values ruined the claim of structuralism.


The distributed network control in software-defined networking is greatly challenged by the design demands of evolving a running distributed control plane (DCP), and by the complexity of handling the control state dynamics. In this paper, we propose RIFFLE to address the problem using a distributed network operating system approach. RIFFLE enables the evolvability of control states of DCP deployed on a global scale. RIFFLE handles spatial and temporal dynamics that occur when updating and migrating the distributed control states, which overcomes the critical barrier to the evolvability. It fills the gap by enabling temporal reconfigurability in DCP. Moreover, RIFFLE reduces the complexities of building and maintaining network control services in DCP by enabling componentization and abstracting the underlying network dynamics. We evaluated the prototype RIFFLE through experiments running in PlanetLab. The results show that the prototype scales well for 135 nodes. We also validate that RIFFLE ensures the continuity and low content request delay for the supported the information-centric network supported during cache update periods owing to the enabled evolvability.


In this paper, we present a N-fold Darboux transformation (DT) for a nonlinear evolution equation. Comparing with other types of DTs, we give the relationship between new solutions and the trivial solution. The DT presented in this paper is more direct and universal to obtain explicit solutions.


Metal alloys applied as biomedical materials have been developed for decade, due to the need for devices implanted into the human body. One of them is a cobalt-based alloy which commonly used as an orthopedic implant for total hip replacement. The biocompatibility properties of CoCrMo alloys make these alloys superior to corrosive resistance when making direct contact with the biological environment of the body where Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution is a solution often used to test its compatibility. The presence of manganese elements in CoCrMo Alloy and influence of heat treatment at temperature 700 oC for 65 hours were characterized by using X ray diffraction and Potentiostat. The structure and corrosion behavior in Simulated Body Fluid were discussed. The results show different crystal parameter and corrosion behavior observed. It concludes that, heat treatment and the presence of Mn affect the signicantly on the properties of CoCrMo Alloy.


Abstract:Neighborhood effects that enhance conspecific replacement at the time of canopy-tree death were examined in 3 cold-temperate forest types, using spatial analyses and historical reconstruction on mapped plots. Important neighborhood effects in these forests include overstory-understory effects whereby a species enhances likelihood of self replacement by influencing the local understory, and disturbance-activated effects that switch on after stand-killing disturbance. Neighborhood analyses (radius 9 m) show that understory composition is significantly related (p < 0.001) to overstory composition in a hardwood-hemlock forest, but not in white pine or near-boreal jack pine forests. Jack pine has strong disturbance-activated effects in the form of abundant serotinous seedfall after fire. White pine apparently has no significant neighborhood effects of either type. Other species are likely to replace white pine in treefall gaps, and after fire it must reinvade a given neighborhood by means of outside s...


Students should be provided with an opportunity to see if doubling the speed of a car really does make the stopping distance four times as big. This lab exercise provides such an opportunity.


This article introduces the Service Experience Blueprint (SEB), a multidisciplinary method for designing multi-interface service experiences, and illustrates its application with two case examples of the redesign of the service experiences of a multichannel bank. The SEB method starts by studying the customer service experience to understand customer experience requirements for different service activities and how these requirements can be satisfied through alternative service interfaces. Based on this analysis, the multi-interface service is designed to allocate service activities to the interfaces best suited to provide the desired experience, defining channel specialization and integration. Finally, with the SEB method each service interface is designed to best leverage its unique capabilities and guide customers to other service interfaces whenever that interface better enhances the overall customer experience. By incorporating the contributions of service management, interaction design, and software engineering, the SEB method is a multidisciplinary tool and terminology for service design.


It is recently becoming increasingly apparent that there is a significant discrepancy between the number of basic surgical trainees seeking Type 1 higher surgical training programmes and the number of those programmes available for appointment.


A Continuous Double Auction (CDA) allows many buyers and sellers to continuously submit bids for the purchase and sale of a commodity (e.g., online share trading). Protocols protecting privacy in this type of powerful market mechanism are essential. However, until recently the security of CDAs has been given limited coverage. This paper describes a new scheme for conducting an anonymous and secure CDA. We show that any existing secure group signature scheme can be used to implement a CDA which has the following characteristics: unforgeability, anonymity, unlinkability, exculpability, coalitionresistance, verifiability, robustness and traceability. Furthermore, bidders can be added to and removed from the auction without affecting the process of the auction. Our scheme is more flexible than the only existing secure CDA scheme, which in contrast provides only a limited subset of these characteristics.


Proposes an optical CATV digital link that transmits hundreds of M-QAM compressed digital video signals by using a traveling wave semiconductor optical amplifier (TWSOA) as an external modulator and a high-power DFB laser as the CW source for the external modulator, as another alternative to directly modulated DFB laser based transmitters. Semiconductor optical amplifiers have long been considered not suitable for CATV systems which transmit multi-channel AM-VSB video signals, due to the carrier-density-modulation induced second order nonlinear distortions (NLDs). However, despite the fact that these second-order NLD levels cannot be tolerated by AM-VSB signals, they may be acceptable to subcarrier-multiplexed digital video channels using M-QAM format. We use computer simulation techniques to investigate the potential and limitations of TWSOAs when used as external modulators at the transmitter end of multi-channel M-QAM CATV lightwave systems. We have numerically shown that by using 16/64-QAM and a TWSOA as an external modulator, one could transmit up to 400/600 MPEG2 video channels with an optical CATV digital link budget of 34/27 dB.


The evaluation of non-invasive microwave thermometry using a differential microwave imaging approach is investigated in an experimental setup. The setup consists of a monopole microwave tomographic system, a muscle phantom, and a circulation/heating system. The saline solution is used as the heated medium inside the muscle phantom. Based on Born Approximation and regularization by TSVD we reconstructed the distribution of both dielectric parameters, relative permittivity and electrical conductivity inside the investigation area. A promising agreement between measured and reconstructed electrical conductivity was achieved and some specifics for future improvement of microwave thermometry were identified.


The theoretic structure of Marxian economy was elaborated to provide an understanding of the laws of the motion of capitalism. The motion of capitalism, however, is nothing but the process of economic development under conditions of multiple centers of investment-decisions. It becomes, then, an interesting question to ask how much of the theoretic structure of Marx applies to the problems of economic development in general and how much is limited to those aspects alone which follow from the theoretically contingent condition of decentralized investment-decisions. It will not, therefore, be the primary purpose of this paper to examine the adequacy of the conceptual structure of Marxian economic thought, or even its relative advantages or disadvantages over the more widely accepted school, following the inquiries of Walras, Menger, Jevons, and others; but, rather, to assume the general framework of Marxian theory and attempt to seek an answer within its limits.


This paper proposes a control schema for permanent magnet machines, which is synthesized by field-oriented control, synchronous pulse width modulation and phase-lock loop based sampling synchronization. Switching frequency of inverters in electric locomotive applications is limited by considering switching losses. Lower switching frequency deteriorates performance of machines, e.g., extra machine losses and vibrations. Synchronous pulse width modulation is implemented to reduce voltage harmonics at lower switching frequency. In the field-oriented control, the voltage phases are determined by machine rotor position and speed. However, measurement error in the rotor position damages the synchronous voltage waveforms. A phase-look loop synchronization control is proposed. The phase-lock loop tunes the frequency of carrier wave, so that the actual output voltage phase can track the reference value. The phase-look loop compensates phase delay caused by control system delay at single frequency ratio and during transition between different frequency ratios. In addition, the proposed modulation extends modulation index to 1.27 without increasing the control complexity.


Nowadays, people speak about growth of life expectancy, the rapidly aging population in our country and the social and individual effects that elderly people (aged 60) face. Sometimes an elderly person is considered as a dysfunctional person in his/her participation area .That is why, it is very important to rethink several questions. For example: What do people think about aging? How should people intervene since an educational approach, to get the optimum integral development of elderly people?


Objective To explore the methods of correcting malformation of reconstructed fingers in toe-to-hand transfer. Methods In a series of 77 reconstructed fingers in 65 cases of second toe-to-hand transfer since 2002,deformities of finger pulp,shaft or fingernail were present. Plastic interventions included inserting local fasciocutaneous flap and adjusting the bone and tendon of the reconstructed fingers with microsurgical techniques. Results The deformities were corrected and outward appearance was improved. Function of the fingers was improved while the sensation was not compromised. Conclusion Plastic intervention using microsurgical techniques to correct malformation of finger pulp,body and fingernail can improve the appearance and function of reconstructed fingers.

Key words:
Transplantation; Toes; Surgery,plastic


In the two-dimensional CP(N-1) model one can parametrize exact many-instanton solutions via N `constituents' (called `zindons'). This parameterization allows, in principle, a complete `melting' of individual instantons. The model is therefore well suited to study whether dynamics prefers a dilute or a strongly overlapping ensemble of instantons. We study the statistical mechanics of instantons both analytically and numerically. We find that at N=2 the instanton system collapses into zero-size instantons. At N=3,4 we find that well-isolated instantons are dynamically preferred though 15-25% of instantons have a considerable overlap with others.


In construction industry, job satisfaction and job performance are important issues when studying the human behaviors and attitudes. The construction industry in Sudan faces problems relating to human performance which in turn affect the productivity. The study begins with an introductory part describing the importance of the study and it delaminates the problem under the relationship between personnel satisfaction and their performance. Then it provides a comprehensive literature and theoretical review which defines job satisfaction and job performance. Data were collected with a sample from six Sudanese's construction firms through survey packets including a data form and modified version of the Job Satisfaction Index questionnaire (JSI) and Performance Rating Index questionnaire. Packets were taken to (82) randomly selected personnel. The study indicates that job dissatisfaction leads to increase absenteeism, turnover and other undesirable behaviors, so employers have to develop satisfaction among their personnel. The majority of employees in the Sudanese construction industry are satisfied with their job (64% ), although they dissatisfied with specific aspects of them. The study also shows a positive relationship between personnel job performance and job satisfaction. Higher job satisfaction leads to higher level of dedication and productivity in personnel. Higher performance and equitable rewards encourage high satisfaction through a performance-satisfaction-effort loop.


In recent years, crowdsourcing has increasingly gained attention as a powerful sourcing mechanism for problem-solving in organizations. Depending on the type of activity addressed by crowdsourcing, the complexity of the tasks and the role of the crowdworkers may differ substantially. It is crucial that the tasks are designed and allocated according to the capabilities of the targeted crowds. In this paper, we outline our research in progress which is concerned with the effects of task complexity and user expertise on performance in crowdsourced software testing. We conduct an experiment and gather empirical data from expert and novice crowds that perform different software testing tasks of varying degrees of complexity. Our expected contribution is twofold. For crowdsourcing in general, we aim at providing valuable insights for the process of framing and allocating tasks to crowds in ways that increase the crowdworkers'
performance. Secondly, we intend to improve the configuration of crowdsourced software testing initiatives. More precisely, the results are expected to show practitioners what types of testing tasks should be assigned to which group of dedicated crowdworkers. In this vein, we deliver valuable decision support for both crowdsourcers and intermediaries to enhance the performance of their crowdsourcing initiatives.


Studies on political philosophy has become a center focused by academic community,but what is political philosophy? There are many answers.It's inevitable to solve such problems as theoretical perspective,research object,methods,function,characteristics and others,otherwise its academic quality and theoretical depth will be affected.Studies on political philosophy in China's academic community should be based on a solid theory of enough arguments,rigorous logic and careful reasoning.


ABSTRACT This article follows the critical lines of new historicism, feminism, psychoanalysis and presentism so as to scrutinise the destructive practices of enforced marriage and turning a deaf ear to the female voice in Middleton's The Changeling and contemporary Palestine. The eclectic range of critics I am employing opens up gender-based readings in the teaching context of the Department of English Language and Literature at An-Najah University where I teach Renaissance Drama. In both the fictional world of The Changeling and in contemporary Palestine, tragedy ensues because male figures refuse to listen to female figures' voices and such aural closure to the female voice is a symptom of masculinity in crisis. I contend that female figures are active agents who can strengthen or weaken male figures' honour which is represented as a matter of public performance rather than an inherent signifier.


Differences in refractive index between deuterated and normal solvents have been determined using a conventional gel permeation chromatograph equipped with a differential refractometer detector. Three molecular systems have been studied, namely, water–deuterium oxide, acetone–acetone (d6), and tetrahydrofuran–tetrahydrofuran (d8). A plot of the signal intensity versus the concentration of the deuterated solvent in the normal solvent gave a linear relationship for all three systems studied. The effect of deuteration is found to result in a lowering of the refractive index which is at least three orders of magnitude larger than the sensitivity of the differential refractometer. Consequently, for permeation chromatographic studies, the addition of 1% or less of the deuterated solvent in the injection sample would be more than sufficient to produce a peak characteristic of the mobile phase.


Background The bronchial epithelium is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from cigarette smoke, air pollutants and activated leucocytes. Glutathione (GSH) prevents ROS‐mediated loss of cell function, tissue injury and inflammation, and its synthesis is regulated by γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐GCS). However, the capacity of bronchial epithelial cells to adapt to oxidative stress and the mechanisms involved are not known.


Waiting lists can make it difficult to follow up children with persistent asthma in a timely way. One remote management solution could be structured questionnaires like the popular Asthma Control Test (ACT).1 ACT scores indicate uncontrolled (5-19), partially controlled (20-24) and well controlled asthma (25).1 However, it has been reported that some children have showed a pathological response to spirometry after physical exercise, despite high scores. Tripodi et al2 reported that 22% of children aged 12 years or over with an ACT of 25 presented with exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB).


In an Editorial I wrote for the International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare in 2006, I reflected on the fundamental need to incorporate evidence into healthcare decisions made by medical practitioners, nurses and other healthcare professionals. Such information is often derived from high-quality, randomised, controlled clinical trials, which then needs to be systematically analysed and a determination made as to how useful the findings are before they are applied to the management of an individual patient. Although these processes create a platform for better clinical decision making, several authors have recently outlined a number of challenges, which undermine the potential for 'evidence' to improve health outcomes. Underpinning all of these issues is the cost of healthcare and how best evidence can be most effectively applied to clinical practice and health policy. The articles in this Journal have been traditionally grouped on the basis of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) model of Evidence-Based Healthcare, which comprises four major components: Healthcare Evidence Generation, Evidence Synthesis, Evidence Transfer and Evidence Utilisation. For example, in the previous issue of this Journal (under the category of Evidence Synthesis), Munn and Jordan reviewed 'interventions to reduce anxiety, distress and the need for sedation in adult patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging' and commented on the positive strategies which can assist in reducing these events. They also commented on the limitations of their review. Similarly, Si et al., in a recently published systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of general practice-based health checks (also Evidence Synthesis), concluded that such health checks are associated with small, but statistically significant, outcomes. However, as their findings were based on a limited number of trials, they recommended that more evidence was required 'before it is possible to determine the degree of effectiveness of health checks in general practice'. The authors also concluded that health checks carried out at work or in healthcare settings had no preventive health benefits. Evidence (knowledge) Transfer, on the contrary, is the act of transferring the synthesized knowledge to healthcare professionals and health systems using journals, other


The paper presents the state‐of‐the art of nanoelectronic devices based on 2D materials related to the cutting edge of Moore's law. Ballistic electron devices, ferroelectric, and atomically thin heterostructures are analyzed to show the benefits of 2D materials applications in nanoelectronics. It is shown that these new devices fulfill the basic requirements for further developments of new materials and circuits architectures envisaged beyond the Moore law. However, in many aspects, these new devices, concepts, as well as their implementations, are at the very beginning, so that the main obstacles to be overcome and the inherent difficulties to design and fabricate nanoelectronic devices based on single‐atom‐ or few‐atoms‐thick materials are also presented.


The venerable dual and multiprocess models that have guided work on attitudes and social cognition for the past few decades (see Chaiken & Trope, 1999) have been challenged recently on one hand by those who claim that there is really only one fundamental process of judgment (e.g., Fishbein & Middlestadt, 1995; Kruglanski, Erb, Pierro, Mannetti, & Chun, this issue; Kruglanski & Thompson, 1999) and on the other hand by advocates of newer systems approaches (e.g., Kahneman, 2003; Lieberman, 2003) that try to subsume the earlier frameworks. Indeed, the claim of some systems theorists is that "the most important strength of dual-system models is their ability to integrate theory and research in the realm of existing dual-process models" (Deutsch & Strack, this issue, p. 168). In this commentary we argue that there is room for both multiprocessandmultisystemapproaches,becauseprocesses and systems are somewhat distinct beasts (although some have used these terms interchangeably; e.g., Kokis, McPherson, Toplak, Stanovich, & West, 2002). If systems and processes are distinct, then it is not clear that systems perspectives make process approaches unnecessary. In this commentary we first reinforce our belief that a single-process framework is not the most fruitful way to account for social judgment (see also Petty, Wheeler, & Bizer, 1999). Next, we examine the evidence for multisystem frameworks and conclude that although it is quite plausible that there are multiple systems that contribute to social judgment, the purported criteria for establishing different systems are not entirely convincing. Nevertheless, in accord with Sherman (this issue), we conclude that a consideration of both multiple systems and processes is the way to make the most progress in understanding the judgmental and behavioral phenomena of interest to social psychologists.


The performance of a machine translation system depends on the availability of bilingual lexical dictionary and completion of its word sense disambiguation performance. Word sense disambiguation plays a vital role in several applications such as machine translation, information retrieval and many other Natural Language Processing (NLP). In oder to construct a reliable machine translation system, not only consistent lexical database like WordNet (WN), but also word sense distinguished database, and bilingual lexical machine readable dictionary (MRD) are required to achieve an accurate translation. Since WN is for the English language, there have been several approcaches building WN like database for other languages, also known as multilingual WN, by linking and extending bilingual MRDs with synsets from WN. Lexical database like WN for Myanmar languae have been proposed in recent years which are bilingual lexical databases as the synsets from WN are merged with bilingual MRD. However, there are few limitations in constructing bilingual database based on MRD where thesauries are derived from WN yet there are no directed alignemnt of meanings between English and Myanmar language. In order to design a complete lexical database with correct parallel meanings for both languages, our proposed method composes a model which accurately matches the similar meanings between English words and Myanmar words by translating and comparing the word senses for both languages. The experimental result shows that the meanings for both languages are aligned as accurate as the manual alignment of the word senses for lexical database.


As wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies emerge in a wide range of applications including public transportation, many expect that applying the technology to the current railway systems will bring positive effects to current railway systems. In this paper, we introduce design methodology of a WPT system for railway application. Fundamental principles of magnetic fields and a WPT circuit are first analyzed, and advantages and efficiency of a possible train system are discussed. It then examines other significant factors such as performance requirements and EMC criteria to design a wireless train system.


Steel is noted as a tried-and-true material for bridges. It is homogeneous and predictable in behavior, and with the increased use of weathering steel, high-performance paint systems and improved design, steel bridges will become even more cost effective. Comparisons are made with the constructability of segmental concrete bridges and their costs of inspection and maintenance. The structural advantages of steel are pointed out. The question of life cycle costs and performance is also discussed. The aesthetic and environmental advantages of steel bridges are pointed out.


For a while, I've wanted to give a People's Hall of Fame Award to the casting director of law and Order. That's not just because I'm a hopeless addict. In addition to the gritty stars, the casting always features that man putting boxes in a van or the secretary in a doctor's office, nailing the cast of characters that populate this remarkable city. Every episode mixes the wealthy lawyers, socialites, and art collectors with the landlords, cops, and working men and women trying to make ends meet. The magic is in the mix. Most New Yorkers recognize--and even the tourists know--that the heart of New York is not at the Met or Lincoln Center, but in the hustle and bustle, the cacophonous mix of ethnic groups, social classes, and the arts. At a time when the mayor and Chancellor Joel Klein are hell-bent on testing students, we at City Lore decided to grade the city on what is being done to preserve the grassroots creativity that makes this city unique, endlessly interesting, and forever replenished by the immigrant tides and the diverse accents, foodways, and customs they bring. PRAISEWORTHY 1. Religious Tolerance and Respect. We applaud Mayor Bloomberg for taking a courageous stand on the Islamic Center at Ground Zero. On August 3 he stated, "We would be untrue to the best part of ourselves--and who we are as New Yorkers and Americans--if we said 'no' to a mosque in Lower Manhattan." This year, the New York City Council also passed a resolution adding Eid Ul-Adha, marking the end of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, and Eid Ul-Fitr, the end of Ramadan, as official school holidays, along with the Christian and Jewish celebrations. 2. Open Markets. According to foodways consultant Makale Faber, GrowNYC, a city agency, has done commendable work opening new markets and expanding existing ones. She mentioned that many more of the city's markets are doing well according to the "protein factor," which suggests that markets are stable when meat, fish, and cheese are sold in them. TROUBLING 3. Community Gardens. New York City Community Gardens Coalition is campaigning against a new set of rules for community gardens that eliminates the legislative language that protects them and makes it easier for the gardens to be sold to developers. 4. Arts in the Schools. For many low-and middle-income New Yorkers, access to the arts begins in the schools. Reorganization of the Department of Education eliminated Project Arts, which guaranteed that a certain amount of school funding would be spent on arts education. The city gave principals discretion on how to spend their funds, and then rated them principally on their schools' math and English language test scores. This change, along with budget cuts, has decimated arts education in the schools. 5. Drumming Circles and Ethnic Celebrations in the Parks. …


In this paper facts related to water resources management problems in the mining areas of Goa are presented. Possible solutions to some of the problems have been suggested to minimise the adverse impacts arising out of water resources abuse. 1.0 Background note : Mining is an important activity for the economy of Goa and a significant foreign exchange earner of the state and the country in particular. Certain natural factors like the presence of coastline, a very good natural harbour at Marmagoa and a number of navigable inland river system have promoted the economic exploitation of the iron and manganese ores. The mining belt of Goa, an area of approximately 700 km2 a little less than 20% of the Goa's land area is concentrated in four talukas viz., Bicholim, Sattari, Sanguem, and Quepem. With its beautiful undulating topography covered with lushgreen vegetation, clean and neat beach covered shoreline and a blend of urban-rural socio cultural habitat make Goa the most unique place in the country. Environmentally still in a pristine state of Goa needs to be attended for its multifaceted growth and protection from likely damages. Infact if one stands on the top of the western ghat and looks westward for the synoptic view of this majestic Goa, one can not overlook the beautiful topography punctured and devastated by the mining activities. Mining in the recent past has gained extraordinary momentum in Goa and this in turn has caused alarming problems to the eco-system. At the same time it should be bom in mind that mining activity without causing environmental degradation is an imagination. Infact the mere existence of the biosphere itself causes damage to the pristine environment of the earth. However, the mining fraternity should not take it granted to violate the set norms of the mining industry. The violation of the set mining norms should be treated as serious as the violation of human rights. 2.0 Attitude of miners : Many of the mining companies have done and are doing a great deal of job to minimise the damages to water resources environment but still lot need to be done. Whatever is done seems to be in sufficient and is without any R & D input. This has led to reckless exploitation and destruction of the precious water resources of this area. The results are now manifested in the form of contaminated surface and groundwater -bodies, river water contamination, siltation of river beds and agricultural lands, depletion of groundwater storages and threats of salt water intrusion. Need of the hour : It needs no emphasis that the water is essential for survival. The heath of the water resources environment in the mining areas need to be assessed on a realistic basis so that ways and means can be developed for judicious management for sustainable growth. To achieve this both surface and groundwater resources should be monitored and estimated on a microcatchment level over the entire mining belt in Goa. The captains of the mining industry should comeout openly to provide all relevant and realistic data and information to the concerned authorities without prejudice. There is a need to earmark more funds for monitoring and managing the water resources to meet the aspirations of the local people and the environment as a whole. It would be appropriate here to introduce the concept of Mine Regulatory Zone (MRZ) for scientific management of water resources. 3.0 Case Study : It would be surprising to note that so far there are only few hydrogeological studies that are carried out in the mining areas of Goa. It would be difficult to assign causes for not taking up detailed and systematic studies in the mining belt of Goa. However, we have initiated systematic hydrogeological investigations in the kudne river microcatchment covering areas of intense mining activities. As many as 49 open observation wells have been established for monitoring the groundwater levels on a periodic basis since April 1997. The hydrogeological studies indicate that the groundwater bodies are available under three different hydrogeological conditions viz. i) In the top lateritic layer extending to a depth of about 20m below ground, the groundwater occurs under unconfined conditions. Most of the open wells in the villages and the agricultural fields tap this water for drinking, domestic and agricultural use. ii) The powdery iron-ore bodies which are some time folded and invariably surrounded by various types of thick clay formations form confined to semi-confined aquifers. These are very potential fresh water bearing layers but most of this water is being drained by mine pit dewatering during mining. iii) The third zone is located at the contact point between the clay layer and the bed rock which are jointed and weathered on the too surface. Reprint from Souvenir volume of Mines environment and mineral censervation weeK, 98-99. Indian Bureau ®16 Mines Regional Office# GOA


Four good quality cultivars were used to cross with three cultivars which have good agronomic traits and F 2 generation populations were obtained from them. HMW GS compositions of the seven parents, F 2 and F 3 generations were analysed by SDS PAGE. Relationships between the HMW GS compositions and such as protein content and SDS sedimentation value were studied. It was showed that the differences of protein content among populations with different HMW GS constitutions were not significant, their differences of SDS sedimentation value, however, were significant. Therefore, we suggested that SDS PAGE should be adopted in Chinese wheat quality genetics and breeding program. It is possible to select plants with 1Dx5+1Dy10 subunits in early generation, together with grain protein content, SDS sedimentation value and other quality traits to improve the quality of wheat varieties in China.


Abstract : As part of this project over the past two years, a general methodology (ILGO) for the decomposed synthesis/design optimization of highly coupled, highly dynamic energy system has been developed applied to an aircraft propulsion sub-system (PS) coupled to an environmental control sub-system (ECS) and is being applied to a combination of coupled aircraft sub-system, namely, a PS, and ECS, a TMS (thermal management sub-system) and a SS (structural sub-system). It is our intention at the completion of this project to have solved this problem in its entirety, resulting in a Ph.D. dissertation already completed and submitted as our annual report in year one of this project and an M.S. thesis. The latter of these will serve as our final report for the final phase of this project to be complete next year. In the meantime, however, for the purpose of this project, some preliminary results are presented showing the influence of the various coupling function (an integral part of ILGO) on the unit-level and system-level, unit-based synthesis/design optimization of the PS, ECS, and TMS (i.e. fuel loop sub-system (FLS) and vapor refrigeration /PAO loops sub-system (VC/PAOS). Furthermore, for the time being, no decision variables are used for the SS, which is solved as an integral part of the PS.


A sudden change in dynamics produces large errors leading to increases in muscle co-contraction and feedback gains during early adaptation. We previously proposed that internal model uncertainty drives these changes, whereby the sensorimotor system reacts to the change in dynamics by upregulating stiffness and feedback gains to reduce the effect of model errors. However, these feedback gain increases have also been suggested to represent part of the adaptation mechanism. Here, we investigate this by examining changes in visuomotor feedback gains during gradual or abrupt force field adaptation. Participants grasped a robotic manipulandum and reached while a curl force field was introduced gradually or abruptly. Abrupt introduction of dynamics elicited large initial increases in kinematic error, muscle co-contraction and visuomotor feedback gains, while gradual introduction showed little initial change in these measures despite evidence of adaptation. After adaptation had plateaued, there was a change in the co-contraction and visuomotor feedback gains relative to null field movements, but no differences (apart from the final muscle activation pattern) between the abrupt and gradual introduction of dynamics. This suggests that the initial increase in feedback gains is not part of the adaptation process, but instead an automatic reactive response to internal model uncertainty. In contrast, the final level of feedback gains is a predictive tuning of the feedback gains to the external dynamics as part of the internal model adaptation. Together, the reactive and predictive feedback gains explain the wide variety of previous experimental results of feedback changes during adaptation.


Interview with Melinda Cooper about her 2017 book Family Values: Between Neoliberalism and the New Social Conservatism. The interview addresses neoliberal gender politics, Cooper's critique of the separation between politics of "distribution" and "recognition," contemporary politics in America and the question of reproductive labor.


For Range Scanning and Multi-view Reconstruction algorithm, usually only the scattered point cloud data with noisy surfaces of objects can be acquired. In this paper, the multi-scale decomposition of graph cut calculation process is used to reduce the vertex number of a graph layer by layer. The max-flow operation is only conducted for the last level of rough graph, while other levels of rough graph are obtained through interpolation. Firstly, we construct an energy function based on the consistency of the normal of point cloud and normal of reconstructed surface. Secondly, we: i) map the energy function to vertexes and sides of 3D weight map, ii) define the consistency between vertexes to determine vertexes of which maps can participate in the graph cut operation, iii) construct the interpolation matrix to interpolate the result of the last level of graph cut calculation to the first level step by step, iv) make use of marching cube algorithm to get the triangular mesh expression of reconstructed surface. We make use of this kind of decomposition method to reduce the calculation complexity from the polynomial relation of the vertex number to the polynomial relation of logarithm of vertex number. The application to the surface reconstruction of scattered point cloud indicates that our method takes less calculation time than that of narrow-band graph cut algorithm and it has better reconstruction result under the non-uniform sampling situation, while the reconstruction result under other situations is equivalent.


Abstract Ever since the first individuals of the class Remipedia were discovered, it has been suggested that these animals are capable of injecting their prey with a venomous or digestive substance using the fang on their maxillules. In this study, we investigate the functional morphology of the putative injecting apparatus of Speleonectes tanumekes. Serial sectioning of specimens shows a pair of well-developed glands in the anterior part of the trunk. Spatial interpretations of serial sections suggest that extensions of the glandular cells collectively continue as ducts that lead to the distal segments of the maxillules where a complex of apodemal muscles, associated with a bulbous reservoir, serve to facilitate injection. Different components of the supposedly injectable substance appear to be separated throughout the apparatus.


The goal of the work is to develop the technology for food concentrates of culinary sauces with the use of soy-pepper and soy-mushroom food additives. The object of research was dry mixtures of food concentrates of sauces with the addition of protein-vitamin concentrates (PVC), created on the basis of soya beans of variety Persona, selected by the All-Russian SRI of Soybean. The basis of PVC was the soya beans PVC is granules or flakes, which are dried to moisture content of 10–12% and grinded to a powdery condition. It was established that the inclusion of 15% PVC with pepper in the recipe of dry mixture «Sour-sweet sauce» and with a decrease in the amount of wheat flour and tomato powder, there is an increase in protein content by 33.7%, vitamin E by 52.3%, vitamin C by 55.2%, minerals by 11.8%. Replacing in the recipe of the food concentrate «Mushroom sauce» of mushrooms for PVC with mushrooms provides an increase in protein content by 14.3%, vitamin E by 20.0%, minerals by 5.2%. By organoleptic characteristics, they have a pronounced flavor and aroma, attractive appearance and color.


A problem loop in a process plant containing a number of interacting PI or PID control loops is identified by comparing the overall loop performance indices associated with each of the loops involved. These indices are derived from a number of loop performance statistics that include the qualitative loop status, which can be one of seven categories. The derivation of the index is described and its performance is tested on various data sets. The background is given in a companion paper.


Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the principal causes of end-stage kidney disease in children worldwide (1-3). During the past decades, different genes mutations have been implicated in pathogenesis of resistant sporadic and hereditary familial forms of FSGS. Nephrin, podocin, alpha-actinin 4 (ACTN4) are some of podocyte structural proteins that their role in pathogenesis of FSGS have already been discussed. However, the role of TRPC6, a transient receptor potential ion channel, in hereditary forms of FSGS has been discovered for the first time by Winn et al (4). TRP channels have been involved in H2O2-induced Ca2+ influx and cell death and degenerative disease (5). Many published papers focused on the role of TRPC6 mutation in hereditary forms and adult onset types of the disease. A large recent cohort study by Santín et al showed TRPC6 gene mutation in both late onset familial and non-familial FSGS (6). They found TRPC6 gene mutation in 2 of 130 Spanish patients. Nonetheless, one case of familial type FSGS with TRPC6 gene mutation was reported. Studies on familial forms of FSGS showed novel gene mutations. Mottl et al reported a novel frameshift mutation in TRPC6, D873fsX878 in a 35 years old female that had a history of asymptomatic nephrotic range proteinuria during pregnancy and same mutation in her mother (7). Accordingly, Hofstra et al investigated mutations of all 13 exons of TRPC6 in 5 patients of 5 different Dutch families with autosomal dominant FSGS. None of the known mutations of TRPC6 was found. Nevertheless, a novel c.524G>A sequence variant resulting in a p.Arg175Gln (R175Q) substitution in the TRPC6 protein was identified in one family (8). The positive results of studies on patients with early onset FSGS and significant role of TRPC6 channels in podocyte disease influenced many researchers to investigate TRPC6 gene mutation in childhood resistant FSGS. Likewise, Gigante et al analyzed TRPC6 gene mutations in 33 Italian children with sporadic early onset FSGS and three families with adult-onset type of FSGS (9). Three heterozygous missense mutations (c.374A_G_p. N125S, c.653A_T_p.H218L, c.2684G_T_p.R895L) were identified in a 18 years old boy with child-onset FSGS, a 2 years old girl with collapsing type of FSGS, and two siblings with steroid-resistant nephritic syndrome (4 and 14 years old), respectively. Furthermore, Lipska et al screened autosomal dominant cases among 227 patients aged 10-20 years with non-syndromic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome for WT1, TRPC6, ACTN4, and INF2 mutations (10). However, in none of them TRPC6 gene mutation was reported. Missense mutation was detected in sporadic and familial cases of steroid resistant nephritic syndrome in Turkish children (11). They found a variant (L395A) in one patient, intronic nucleotide substitution (c.171 1 16 A>G NPJ


The implementation of a single-stage AC-DC Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter which features high efficiency, unity power factor (PF), and low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) under wide range input voltage is presented in this paper. By utilizing a common topology, namely quasi z-source converter, the proposed PFC converter can well eliminate voltage spike on switches without dissipative components usage. As a result, low voltage rating Mosfets with low on-resistance Rds(on) can be used to achieve high efficiency. In addition, Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) operation associated with the variable duty control scheme to regulate the output voltage is also applied to get high PF, low harmonic components in the line current. In this study, the principle of operation, circuit analysis, and control method of the proposed PFC converter are provided. Additionally, the design consideration are given and also verified by a laboratory prototype with 180 to 240 V AC input, 380 V/1 kW output, and 50 kHz switching frequency. Consequently, this topology is well suitable for high power, wide input voltage range applications where a unity PF, low THD, and high efficiency are required.


Abstract We set out to write an in-depth case study of Doctors Community Hospital (DCH), a not-for–profit organization located in Landham, Maryland. Given our initial findings, we tried to explain the success of DCH in terms of established theory. We turned first to Michael Porter (1996), but did not find in his model adequate emphasis on the role of organizational culture, an element we believed was central to understanding the performance of DCH. Thus, we subsequently turned to the work of Edgar Schein (1985, 1992) and of John Kotter and James Heskett (1992). We gradually realized that while the respective models described relations between culture and strategy, culture and environment, or strategy and environment, none among them provided an articulation of the clear, strong, and balanced links among the three elements that we perceived to be central to the case of DCH. Thus, we constructed a simple framework that synthesized the insights of the three approaches. Our framework permitted us to posit tha...


Globalization of the information and the Knowledge Society requires the modernization of Web-based Information Systems (WIS) into evolutive and adaptable user interfaces. Today, WIS user interfaces are built following traditional development paradigms. This article is inspired on a Model-Driven Development (MDD) perspective to produce runtime automatic composition of user interfaces from model and metamodel representations of widgets-type COTS interface components architectures and model transformation.


This paper refers to the principle of working trace of the rotary flying shears, analyzes its working trace and dynamical state. It′s necessary for the dynamical ananlysis account of rotary flying shears and the intensity account of each components. It provided a practicality base to calculating and analying the other flying shears.


Preface (Y. Ikada). Biomaterials for tissue engineering (T. Okano et al.). Bio-process engineering of functional regeneration of cultured animal cells (N. Ohshima et al.). Tissue engineering for soft tissues (Y. Shimizu et al.). Tissue engineering for organ regeneration (Y. Yamaoka et al.). Tissue engineering for hard tissue (S. Enomotoet al.). Tissue engineering research at Kyoto University (Y. Ikada). Embryonic stem cell lines as a source for producing differentiated cells in vitro (S. Nishikawa). Prospects for the clinical use of xenogeneic organs and cells (J.L. Platt). Development of hybrid-type artificial immune organ by means of experimental evolutionary research method using bioceramics (K. Nishihara). Growth factors as local regulatory factors in fracture repair (S. Jingushi, Y. Iwamoto). The use of natural metabolites in the design of new materials for tissue engineering (J. Kohn). Prsentat status of an artificial liver support system for hepatic failure (S. Kasai, M. Sawa). Clinical application of bioartificial pancreas (T. Maki). Tissue engineering applied to cancer plastic and reconstructive surgery (C.W. Patrick, Jr, G.R.D. Evans). Bone regeneration by differentiation factors (BMPs) (S. Oida). A gel-entrapment hollow fiber bioartificial liver employing xenogeneic hepatocytes (W.S. Hu et al.). Application of human recombinant morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) in the reconstruction of madibulectomy and maxillectomy defects (P.J. Boyne). Incorporation of physical factors into tissue engineering for therapeutic use (T. Ushida, T. Tateishi). Reconstruction of collagen gel-based transgenic skin for treating human disease (K. Yoshizato). List of Contributors.


The paper discusses the growing importance of the decentralisation of production, as one capitalist response to declining profits and workers' resistance in Italian manufacturing industry. It argues that decentralisation and automation have reduced the traditional strength and quantity of male workers in large factories and have generated new sectors within the industrial working class. The paper ends with the suggestion that the labour movement needs to reshape its organisation and its strategies which erroneously still continue to reflect only the needs of the traditional mass worker.


Since the ISA Virus crisis, the innovation ecosystem associated to the salmon industry developed much more actively. On the one hand, R+D+I capacity was reinforced with specialized research centers in genetics, fish health, feed, environmental research and management, sophisticated bioassay units, reference and specialized labs applying last generation technologies and Master and PhD programs in regional universities.


Acquiring the language of the host country is an important factor that influences the process of integration of immigrants into society. For the children of immigrants, proficiency in the official language of their new country is crucial for their success and their smooth integration into the education system and the wider community. This article analyses the Czech language proficiency of immigrant children enrolled in lower secondary schools in the Czech Republic and seeks to examine how their language skills develop over time and what factors impact the process of Czech language acquisition. The authors created a special diagnostic instrument to test students' communicative competence in a pilot study they carried out on a sample of immigrant children enrolled in selected lower secondary schools in Prague. The findings of this pilot study confirmed that the linguistic distance between Czech and the students' mother tongue had a significant influence on how and how quickly they mastered the Czech language.


The present study deals with many legal aspects of criminal liability of legal entities, as well tries to explain the legislative and judicial attitude towards this sort of liability. The current research examines laws on criminal liability of parent companies for illegal acts of the subsidiary under criminal legislation in Jordan, and discerns legal norms and applicable aspects related to the doctrine of corporate criminal liability and the legal relationship of the parent company with the subsidiary. This study will first conduct a comprehensive analysis of the provisions of the Jordanian Company Law on the relationship between the parent company and the subsidiary. Issues of corporate criminal liability under the Jordanian legal and other selective comparative legal systems, several aspects of legal systems of common law and civil law about the criminal liability of parent corporations for conduct of parties outside of organization, or for offences of dissolved corporations, or for offences of predecessor's corporations will be discussed. On the light of secrecy of studies in the direct theme of the present study and ambiguity of regulatory and legal framework in this topic, the researcher will carry out the analysis of the related legislation, including criminal laws merely with respect to the criminal liability of corporation for offences committed by its subsidiaries in order to revamp the legal framework of this issue. An attempt will take into consideration both national and international legal attitudes towards the theme of this research at national and international levels. Finally, this study is a bold step for the detection of weaknesses in the Jordanian legislation in regulating this matter, which is necessary for the interest of the national economy and to protect companies, corporation, economic units and their shareholders, and to create an attractive investment environment for investors.


This research examines magic in holy Qur'an, which the magic is a maksiat and a great sin, because magic is an odd thing that seems to be an an extraordinary thing but not extraordinary. It can be including to be great sins category because magic can be learned and obtained through with demon approach by committing crimes of statement which contains destruction and praise to demon. Look at the rise if shamanic practices right now, it's often found that people who depend on witchcraft in their view can give the benefit for him and other, even the magic essentially brings to mudharat. This phenomenon can be looked from peoples whom come to shamans as alternative medicine or to aim of predicting their future or to harm other with guna-guna because of desire and envy. In this regard, Al-Qur'an has explained how dangerous the magic, and need to necessary to understand how the nature of magic, the relationship with demon and mudharat in life. The researcher explains with the thematic interpretation with library research. This research uses primary data sources is Al-Qur'an and tafsir books as secondary data sources. The results of the research obtained that magic is real and affect someone's soul because Al-Qur'an has explained the verses relating to the magic which happened on the prophet's time and will not inflict to mudharat from magic to His creatures except His permission. Based of law, the magic is a prohibited act in Al-Qur'an for learn or teach it and the perpetrator of magic is punished as kafir because there is an element of devil worship on it.


IC manufacturing technology has entered the sub-micron, VDSM and UDSM processes, interconnect delay concern then has been gradually strengthened. In fact, the interconnect delay has been delayed more than a device, so IC design has shifted the focus of interconnect design at the core. On the basis of giving a brief analysis of the interconnection delay model, delayed impact of factors, optimization of interconnect as well as interconnect delay in the impact of IC design, Finally, concludes a valuable summary.


Purpose – Aims to discuss how a Cartesian parallel robot with flexure revolute joints can effectively perform miniaturized assembly tasks.Design/methodology/approach – The results of the test and validation phase of a Cartesian parallel robot designed for miniaturized assembly are shown. The workspace volume is a cube with 30 mm side and the target accuracy is 1 μm. Each of the three robot legs has a prismatic‐planar architecture, with a cog‐free linear motor and a planar joint realized using ten superelastic flexure revolute joints. Flexure joints are adopted in order to avoid stick‐slip phenomena and reach high positioning accuracy; their patented construction is relatively low‐cost and allows a quick replacement in case of fatigue failure.Findings – The tests on the prototype are very encouraging: the measured positioning accuracy of the linear motors is ±0.5 μm; on the other hand, the effects of unwanted rotations of flexure joints and hysteresis of the superelastic material are not negligible and mus...


It is known that polycarbonate (PC) is categorized as amorphous polymer and pure PC crystallizes extremely slowly. However, we have recently found that the crystallization of PC was substantially accelerated around 200 °C in the presence of vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), having ultra thick multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) structure. To examine the accelerated crystallization by VGCF, the effect of pre-graphitized VGCF, carbon black, and mesophase pitch based carbon fiber (CF) on the crystallization was evaluated. In addition, polarized optical microscope observation was performed by using PC including magnetically oriented VGCF. It was suggested that the surface of ordered graphite structure from VGCF or CF induced the oriented crystallization of PC along the axial direction of VGCF or CF. To utilize the accelerated oriented crystallization of PC by CF, PC sheet having oriented crystallized surface PC layer was made by annealing the stacked structure of PC sheet and oriented CF sheet at 200 °C. The PC sheet, whose surface was crystallized along CF axial direction, was successfully produced, showing retardation property by polarized optical microscope.


High performing teams may benefit the execution efficiency of business processes. In executing a process, the performance of the team is concerned with the individual expertise of team members and the handover relations between executors of adjacent tasks of the process. Team formation problem in the presence of business process can be defined as finding a group of individuals to execute all tasks of the process. Considering individual expertise and handover relations, a method called Bayesian Network based Team Formation (BN-TF) is proposed to address the team formation problem in business process context. Using BN-TF, a team formation problem is first modeled as a Most Probable Explanation (MPE) problem in Bayesian network based on the structural information of the related business process. For solving the transformed MPE problem, we design an improved genetic algorithm called Forward-Backward Greedy Genetic Algorithm (FBG-GA). Experimental results on simulation data verify that BN-TF indeed produces teams that satisfy the requirements while improve the execution efficiency of the business process. Compared with existing methods, RarestFirst and CoverSteiner, which focus on minimizing team communication cost, BN-TF shows improvement in terms of individual expertise and handover relations.


Consideration of the impact of radioactive waste heat is necessary for many aspects of potential repository design. Waste heat will alter the mineralogy of the host rock, and may change the character of the zeolitic units below the potential repository that are likely to be the primary natural barriers to radionuclide migration. The impact of waste heat on the near-surface temperature within the soil zone is the focus of the present study. Since 1990, the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (NWTRB) has raised the issue of potential impacts on the aboveground ecosystem from increases in soil temperatures. This study is a first step toward understanding the relevant heat transfer processes that controls the near-surface thermal regime and to place bounds on the expected timing and magnitude of the temperature rise. Two-dimensional, site scale thermohydrologic calculations will be used to simulate the large-scale thermohydrologic processes that will feed heat to the soil zone. The potential influence of this heat on soil-zone temperatures will then be examined in a series of simplified one-dimensional model calculations. In future efforts the measured soil-zone temperature variations in the air will be used to calibrate the model, which will tighten the bounds on the possible temperature rise. This study is a precursor to more detailed, three-dimensional simulations with a calibrated model. If it is determined that direct coupling of the site scale and soil zones would be beneficial, this will be done as well.


Contracts and other bargains are fundamental to competitive markets. Deregulated electric power and telecommunications markets look to contract to define the relationships between private firms, as well as between private firms and customers. As Joseph Kearney and Thomas Merrill (1998) note in the leading legal treatment of the topic of deregulation: "The new paradigm seeks to subject to ordinary contractual relations all common carrier and public utility services that can be provided through multiple competing providers" (1363). With deregulation, contract will become the primary mechanism for ordering market transactions between private firms and their customers, largely displacing traditional regulatory doctrines that required firms to provide service to customers on predetermined terms and conditions. Contract is also fundamental to theories of regulation and regulatory law.1 As economists studying regulated industries with natural monopoly characteristics have long recognized, regulation bears structural similarity to a long-term bilateral contract (Goldberg, 1976; Joskow & Schmalensee, 1983). The actions of the regulator can be analogized to contracts and other bargains. More than for run-ofthe-mill industries, the contractual understanding of regulation is fundamental to capital-intensive industries, such as electric power and


The author researches deeply on the similarities between the following cases and reflective cases on Kazakh language,and the grammactical meaning,function and distinguishing features presented by the words with those two cases. Besides, author provids some examples to illustrace further that when the following cases' declensions are placed after nouns, they are counter to the reflective cases' declension in meaning.


Information asymmetry is one of the most important features in medical market.The payment to physicians affects their behavior.In this article,a double target principal-agent model is be set up aim to analyze the physician as agent.The results of the analysis using the model are that fee for service induce practicality medical resource being used excessively and prospective payment is effective when the physician is non-profit or else the prospective payment brings the resource devotion insufficiency and influence the patients' health.Prospective payment with "management competition" can get over the disadvantage of existing payment system and achieve the target of lowering medical cost and elevating medical quality.


A chair having an adjustable mechanism such that the inclination of the seat (1 fig 1) to the horizontal may be varied. The mechanism includes a spring arrangement 28 disposed in compression to provide a spring force between the chair base and the seat so as to resist adjustment and an adjustment control operable to adjust the disposition of the spring arrangement. The adjustment of the disposition may involve changing the inclination of the spring, which may be achieved by lateral movement of one end of the spring arrangement. A synchro mechanism may be used so that a seat back 3 is connected to the mechanism. A chair having an elongate support member attached to the upper part of the spring arrangement to support the seat back 3 is also disclosed.


Evaporation residues of reactions between /sup 24/ /sup 25/ /sup 26/Mg, /sup 27/Al, and /sup 28/Si as targets and 100--170-MeV /sup 35/Cl and 130 MeV /sup 32/S beams and also between /sup 28/Si and 117.5 MeV /sup 28/Si ions were measured at small forward angles by using a time-of-flight telescope. The mass distributions of the products show a complex structure, which is shown to vary smoothly with beam energy and target mass. A dominant decay mode of the compound nucleus can be assigned to each residue mass by using the shape of the angular distribution. An evaporation model calculation predicts qualitatively the main features of the mass distributions.


Rosita Fibbi, Philippe Wanner, Ceren Topgül & Dušan Ugrina The New Second Generation in Switzerland: Youth of Turkish and Former Yugoslav Descent in Zürich and Basel focuses on children of Turkish and former Yugoslav descent in switzerland. a common thread running through the various chapters is a comparison, with previous research concerning the second generation of Italian and spanish origin in switzerland. The study illuminates the current situation of the children of Turkish and former Yugoslav immigrants through a detailed description of their school trajectories, labour market positions, family formation, social relations and identity. The book is an invaluable supplement to other previously published studies using data gathered from the TIes project (The Integration of the european second Generation).


The visible space for the drivers in the long tunnel is apparently narrower compared with that along the regular roadway sections. Accordingly, the traffic control for the concerns of driving safety for the long tunnel is quite different from the traditional traffic management system. The required traffic monitoring equipments used with the long tunnel are widely specified, such as: closed circuit television, vehicle detectors, lane control sign, smoke detector and et al. The key point for the long tunnel regarding to the safety maintenance is then how to connect all the equipments working well together. Another issue for the safety of drivers within the long tunnel is how to let them know the traffic situation in advance and how to follow the guidance of the system in case of accidents occurring. This research uses the Ba-Ghua mountain tunnel, 4932m long and the longest one in central Taiwan, as an example study the strategy on the operating performance assessment for the automatic incident detection system of the highway tunnel.


The combination of both 4,4′-bipyridine(4,4′-bipy) and dihydrogen phosphate anion ligands with copper(Ⅱ) results in the formation of a novel layered compound Cu(4,4′-bipy)_2(H_2PO_4)_2(H_2O)_2. The crystal structure comprises discrete neutral Cu(4,4′-bipy)_2(H_2PO_4)_2(H_2O)_2 units. The copper atom,located on the crystallographic twofold axis,is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms of terminal 4,4′-bipy ligands and two water molecules at the equatorial positions,and two dihydrogen phosphate oxygen atoms at the axial positions,forming an elongated octahedron. The complex is a two-dimensional distorted rhomboidal network possessing two kinds of rhomboids with dimensions of ca . 1.6792 nm×0.3203 nm and 1.2778 nm×0.3198 nm,respectively. The two-dimensional networks are stacked parallelly on each other along c -axis to give an extended three-dimensional channel network with an interlayer distance of ca . 0.5030 nm. Crystal data: triclinic,space group P -_1,a =1.0253(2) nm,b =1.4501(3) nm,c =0.79715(16) nm, α =97.91(3)°,β = 90.99(3)° ,γ =85.54(3)°,V =1.1703(4) nm 3,Z =2,R =0.0892,wR =0.2451.


In the mid-1960s, young Russian artists from Moscow and the cities of Vladivostok and Ussuriysk in Primorsky Krai formed the Shikotan Group, named after the island where they summered for months at a time and created thousands of landscape paintings. Their activities lasted until 1991, when the group disappeared soon after the demise of the communist regime. The area including Shikotan Island forms the southern Kuril Islands in the Okhotsk Sea. Fascinated with the wilderness of Shikotan's picturesque sea coasts, rolling hills and beauty of young women-workers of the largest fish factory in the Far East of Russia, the artists represented Shikotan's landscape idyllically, with a tranquil bay and a distinctive form of a double volcano. A particular composition (for example, Oleg Loshakov's Shikotan, the Bay of Malokuril'skoe) comprising a bay in the middle plane and a distant view of the volcanic Mt. Tyatya on Kunashir Island, recalls views of Naples, an unmissable stop on the Grand Tours of Europe, especially for nineteenth-century Russian artists eager to work abroad. This paper intends to reconstruct the Shikotan Group's activities based on field research and interviews with the artists, including the group's leader, Oleg Loshakov. Further, it aims to describe the characteristics of the style of their paintings, which can be well-illustrated by comparing with the so-called "Soviet Impressionist Paintings," a recently-coined definition, favored especially by American collectors.


Demand for DC/DC conversion in HV applications is expected to rise because of the increasing number of HVDC links using different DC voltage levels. This paper presents a DC/AC/DC system consisting of two VSCs connected through an inductor. The two VSCs are Alternate Arm Converters (AAC). Since the two AACs share the same AC voltage level, they cannot be operated at their respective "sweet-spots" at the same time. This results in an energy drift in the valves which is tackled by additional balancing currents. However, the choice of the AC voltage level remains critical as it determines the required amount of balancing current, the number of devices and the cell topology, influencing greatly the total efficiency and volume of the obtained DC/DC converter. A study on a scale-down converter highlights the trade-offs affecting the AC voltage choice.


Four years of BOOTES-1B GRB follow-up history are summarised for the first time in the form of a table. The successfully followed events are described case by case. Further, the data are used to show the GRB trigger rate in Spain on a per-year basis, resulting in an estimate of 18 triggers and about 51 hours of telescope time per year for real-time triggers. These numbers grow to about 22 triggers and 77 hours per year if we include also the GRBs observable within 2 hours after the trigger.


The aim of this chapter is to show that Scaliger and Vulcanius, despite differences in character and determination, in fact shared many interests. More particularly, they were both passionate about the history of a period not yet fully explored in their time: that of the late Roman and early Byzantine Empires. Wolf's most productive follower, however, proved to be David Hoeschelius. When Joseph Scaliger was working on his edition of the Chronicle of Eusebius of Caesarea (ca. 263ca. 339), he attempted to unravel the puzzle of Eusebius sources and the reception of the Chronicle in other sources. Hoeschelius had been in contact with Scaliger for at least a year. Scaliger wrote to him that, should Vulcanius fail to translate his manuscript of Procopius, Scaliger would do the job himself. Keywords: Byzantine; Hoeschelius; Scaliger; Vulcanius


In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for coincidentally commuting non-self mappings for a generalized contraction condition in cone b-metric space.


Abstract : This work was undertaken to assess the accuracy and precision achievable by using an open-ended coaxial 'probe' in conjunction with an automated network analyzer for the characterization of the microwave dielectric properties of composites for antenna radomes. Reported herein are the influence of material thickness, surface roughness, and instrument calibration on this technique which requires only one-sided access to the material. The unknown dielectric properties of several glass fiber reinforced polymers were evaluated after the measurement system demonstrated satisfactory results on well known materials like Teflon and fused quartz. Limited low frequency testing (40 MHz) was also done on selected composites with electrodes attached for capacitance and loss measurement, yielding results in substantial agreement with those in the microwave regime. It is concluded that the microwave 'probe' technique should be applied only for materials of substantial thickness and smooth surface conditions. Because of the need for rigid fixturing, this technique is not recommended for routine applications in the field. (MM)


ABSTRACT Can the border be considered an epistemological starting point for the analysis of border theories and processes? Whether we look at Rumford's 'Seeing like a border', Mezzadra and Neilson's 'Border as Method', or at Mignolo's 'Border thinking', the answer seems to be a positive one. Similar in their way of employing a different gaze to look at and from the border, yet radically divergent in their methods and outcomes, each of these approaches has indeed provided a unique perspective on borders. However, I argue, a more critical analysis of such approaches reveals how they tend to (1) reproduce those epistemological distinctions that have cut across border studies in the past thirty years and (2) selectively consider some aspects in the analysis of borders, while omitting or overlooking others. All of them appear therefore necessary to grasp the multiplicity of processes, networks, and conflicts that produce and shape – while being simultaneously produced and shaped by – borders. Drawing from, yet critical towards these works, the article will take the border itself as a starting point of investigation, in order to (1) empirically analyse the processes, forces, and conflicts unfolding across borders and (2) analytically interrogate the various epistemological approaches with their advantages and shortcomings. The paper argues that borders should be better thought of as 'meeting points', i.e., places of encounter, interaction/clash, and reassessment/redefinition of different theories and processes. Conceiving borders as such, the paper concludes, can provide a more comprehensive framework for the analysis of borders, capable of looking at them not just as passive places moulded by different forces and encapsulated through conventional theoretical approaches, but as active, complex, and variegated processes capable of generating social outcomes and changes.


Chae Wan. 2011. Interpretation of TV Commercials from Synthetic Point of View. Korean Semantics, 36. This paper aims to analyze copies of commercial messages from linguistic and non-linguistic points of view. TV commercials examined in this paper were selected out of commercials which have been broadcasted from January to July 2010. Often, the words are not interpreted as basic meaning in commercial messages. Ordinary meaning and newly interpreted meaning of words become homonym or polysemy in the context, so it makes the messages ambiguous and implicative. In that way, short phrases of advertising copies can deliver complicated meaning and intention of the advertiser. In advertising copies, the maxim of conversation seems to be different from that of ordinary language. Sometimes consumers are misled by glowing promises of commercials. From pragmatic point of view, advertising copies include implicature and presupposition, and they conceal contradiction and fallacy. But TV audiences, in other words consumers, tolerate and even enjoy commercials. Because TV commercials are not only composed of advertising copies but also composed of many attractive components such as fantastic images, background music, and celebrities. TV commercials deliver advertising messages by synesthetic way. Image takes the place of language, onomatopoeia represents lexical meaning, and so on. Therefore, the TV audiences must search hidden meanings of non-linguistic factors such as images and background music to catch the intention of the advertiser. Sometimes, consumers may be affected by the atmosphere of the advertisement rather than the message itself.


The use of linear programming (LP) to identify optimal solutions for a mine production schedule is a powerful yet under-utilised method for improving project value. This paper explores a laterite nickel mine case study of a production schedule that optimises the project net present value of an integrated network of mining areas, roads and waste


With the discovery of the Stuxnet attack, increasing attention is being paid to the potential for malware to target Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). Despite much speculation about threats from PLC malware, the popular opinion is that automated attacks against PLCs are not practical without having a priori knowledge of the target physical process. In this paper, we explore the problem of designing PLC malware that can generate a dynamic payload based on observations of the process taken from inside the control system. This significantly lowers the bar for attacks against PLCs. We evaluate how PLC malware may infer the structure of the physical plant and how it can use this information to construct a dynamic payload to achieve an adversary's end goal. We find that at the very least, a dynamic payload can be constructed that causes unsafe behavior for an arbitrary process definition.


Practical method is introduced for building deformation observation and discussed from settlement observation, inclination observation, crack observation and other aspects. The importance of deformation observation is emphasized, which can provide references for deformation treatment of buildings.


The general practitioner in considering any patient with a cutaneous disorder of possible occupational nature has many problems to consider. In the first place there is the patient who generally comes to the physician as a private patient, i. e., not having been sent by either the employer or the insurance company. In such a case both the physician and the patient are primarily concerned with the problem of relief, i. e., that of treatment. This will be considered later. In addition to the relief of the patient, the physician should act (1) to prevent as far as possible aggravation or recurrence of the eruption, (2) to hold to a minimum the amount of time lost from work because of the cutaneous condition and (3) to prevent or minimize the occurrence of similar eruptions in other employees who may be similarly exposed. In the second place there is the employer


The oxidation of tryptophane by methods other than that adopted by Hopkins and Cole [1902] gives rise to coloured amorphous compounds. These observers, employing ferric chloride as the oxidising agent, isolated two substances, the one having the formula C0H70N and afterwards identified by Ellinger [1906] as /8-indolealdehyde; the other an interesting crystalline base, the analysis of which gave results in accordance with the formula C12H10N2. This method of oxidation was used in the course of the present investigation with a view to the isolation and identification of the base C12HION2. Unfortunately, however, even though the conditions were varied as much as possible, none of this substance could be obtained. Ellinger, when preparing ,8-indolealdehyde by this method, had also failed to obtain Hopkins' base. In trying to ascertain the extent to which the ether used for extraction of indolealdehyde had been directly or indirectly responsible for the production of the base, Hopkins noticed that a crystalline derivative was formed when an aqueous solution of tryptophane was in contact with ether which had been heated locally with a glass rod. This compound however did not prove to be the much sought after base C12H10N2, but a new substance of an acidic nature. At his suggestion the properties of the new substance, which may be conveniently spokeni of as the " ether oxidation substance," were examnined. This work led to an investigation of the direct action of formaldehyde, glyoxylic acid and glyoxal on tryptophane, and the action of trioxymethylene, in the presence of a condensing agent, on indole, skatole, indolepropionic acid, indoleacetic acid and tryptophane. It was found that the direct action of formaldehyde and glyoxylic acid on tryptophane led to the formation of colourless crystalline compounds; in these cases the amino-group of tryptophane was the reactive group (Section A). Glyoxal reacted directly with


Objective To investigate the expression and significance of transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-β 1),transforming growth factor-beta receptor typeⅠ(TGF-β RⅠ) in human ovarian carcinoma. Methods Inmmunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of TGF-β 1 and TGF-β RI in 85 cases of benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Results The positive rate of TGF-β 1 in benign and malignant ovarian tumors was significantly higher than that in the normal ovarian tissues(P0.05); The frequency of TGF-β RⅠ middle and strong positive expression was remarkably lower in the malignant tumours than that in the benign ovarian tumors and normal ovarian tissues(P0.05). The abnormal expression of TGF-β 1 and TGF-β RⅠ was obviously associated with the clinical stages of ovarian carcinoma, but not with patients ages and ascites. TGF-β 1 was related to the histological type of malignant ovarian tumors, and negatively related with pathological staging and metastasis of ovarian carcinoma. Conclusion The abnormal expression of TGF-β 1 and TGF-β RⅠ was associated with the malignant biological behaviors in ovarian tumours, and may serve as a marker for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancers. TGF-β 1 and TGF-β RⅠ may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma.


It is the necessary selection for the Chinese petroleum corporation to implement internationalization to satisfy the greatly increased requirement of oil and gas in China. Globalization is also the way to keep and ensure Chinese petroleum safety and economic stabilization. This paper introduces the concept of internationalization management strategy and the restrict factors. It integrated the advantages and disadvantages of the main strategies. According to the international energy environments, the access strategies and approaches are proposed to the national petroleum corporation.