Introduction: A smart device refers to a cordless electronic device that is mobile, Internetconnected (e.g., via Wi-Fi), capable of voice and video communication, and web browsing. Although smart device usage is high by healthcare providers, little is known about the specific patient care-related tasks performed by physicians on these devices. The goal of this study was to measure the prevalence and types of uses of smart devices among residents in seven different specialties at Stanford University Hospital. This study is important because it can inform appropriate content and app development as well as issues around connectivity and security in smart devices. Methodology: Stanford University housestaff in Anesthesia, Medicine, Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Neurology were solicited by e-mail to participate in an online survey. Results: Seventy-six of the 387 (20% response rate) eligible residents completed the survey. Ninety-seven percent own a smart phone, while 53% have a tablet. The two most common (60% of respondents) uses for the smart device were: 1) communication (e.g., paging, exchanging patient care-related text messages) and 2) obtaining pharmacy/medication-related information. The next most common uses were as a medical reference, textbook, or patient care-related study aid (45%), obtaining information on evidence-based medicine/treatment algorithms (34%), keeping up with medical literature (24%), viewing electronic medical records (16%), taking photos or capturing images/videos (13%), patient education (9%), and guidance for procedures (7%). Conclusions: Residents surveyed are likely to own and use smart devices in delivering patient care. Common uses include communication among providers and accessing medication information. Understanding smart device usage by physicians will facilitate proper content and app development and providing connectivity and security. Categories: Miscellaneous, Medical Education


We propose to generate steady-state microbunching in a storage ring with a reversible seeding scheme. High gain harmonic generation (HGHG) and echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) are two promising methods for microbunching linac electron beams. Because both schemes increase the energy spread of the seeded beam, they cannot drive a coherent radiator turn-by-turn in a storage ring. However, reversing the seeding process following the radiator minimizes the impact on the electron beam and may allow coherent radiation at or near the storage ring repetition rate. In this paper we describe the general idea and outline a proof-of-principle experiment.


The presence of Reformation Order in Indonesia bears new Islamic spirituality in various forms,and one of them is the born of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) which represents Hizbut Tahrir (HT) in the Middle East. The members claim that HTI is an ideological political party which is based on Islamic doctrines and its dakwa is based on the obligation to uphold khila>fah Isla>miyah supported by fikrah (idea) as a means for change. This group has issued some controversial fruits of ijtihads on politics which lead to pro and con among the debate on the discourse of upholding democracy in Indonesia. They reject historical interpretation. If they admit explanation on when,where and background of quranic verses, they will stop on textual understanding. Eventssurrounding the revelation of verses are only understood as historical background which should be adopted and duplicated into our modern live. The verse cannot be interpreted outof the text. There is no critique on previous understandings. They interpret the text anddisregard previous interpretation. These paper is presented simply affirms that new islamic spirituality in Indonesia has many influences to NKRI.


We designed and evaluated a dual-band Night Vision Goggles sensor system. The sensor system consists of two optically aligned NVGs fitted with filters splitting the sensitive range into a visual and a near-infrared band. The Color-the-night technique (Hogervorst & Toet, FUSION2008) was used to fuse the images of the two sensors, using a color scheme optimized for the detection of camouflaged targets. The added value of this system was established in an experiment in which observers detected targets (green and blue tubes). Performance was measured for daytime imagery and nighttime imagery: each of the two individual bands, standard NVG, and the color fused sensor system. We found that some of the targets were detected in the individual bands, but most targets were detected in the dual-band system. The fact that performance in the dual-band condition is comparable to the sum of the two individual bands indicates that the fusion method is (close to) optimal. An experiment in which subjective reports were gathered shows that the colored dual-band images are easier to grasp and give a better sense of depth. Our evaluation shows the added value of dual-band over single band NVG for the detection of targets, situational awareness, and perceived depth.


This paper extends the principle of self-suppression of oscillations employed in continuous systems to non-linear sampled-data systems with transportation lag. The principle is based on the proper design of a. minor feedback loop to generate an oscillation with the desired frequency and amplitude. The type of response of the system is shown to depend entirely on the gain of the inner feedback path. Further it is shown that larger values of delay require larger gains to be employed in the inner feedback path to suppress the inherent oscillation. The results clearly indicate that by proper adjustment of the gain a response said to be optimum in regard to Borne performance index can be obtained.


Abstract The Leaning Organization is the main stream for the organization development in 21st century. The researcher holds the chairman of School Teacher's Organization and has participated in its operation for many years, realizes the organization management is not easy, then emerges using the Leaning Organization's concept and theory to develop the Teachers' Association. In order to grow step by step, the members of an organization must be able to do the self-study and self-growth, and they must remove the blocks of continual creation and study, and the Leaning Organization is conforming to this need. Here below are the discoveries of the study: 1. Unifying the Learning Organization with the Teacher's Association, no matter putting which one as the primary, all could achieve the goals, and it lets the teachers take an action to study automatically, and the Teachers' Association can accomplish its self-innovation then it will achieve the win-win situation. 2. The keys of Leaning Organization are utilized by the Teachers' Association will improve the teachers' mental pattern, carry out teachers' self- excess, establish the team study, and integrate the thinking system. It makes the Teachers' Association and member teacher to develop the potential capability to reach the innovation of Teachers' Association. 3. To use Senge's Five Disciplines in establishing the Teachers' Association could increase the thinking ability of both Teachers' Association and member teacher, and it will convert the teachers' ideals to actions, then it must establish a sound Leaning Teachers' Association . Key Word : Leaning Organization, Teacher's Association, Five Disciplines, Organization Development


Marc Sageman's lamenting about the ''Stagnation in Terrorism Research'' stands in stark contradiction to my conclusion in the Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research (2011) that ''Terrorism Studies—despite many shortcomings—has matured'' and that ''Terrorism Studies has never been in better shape than now.'' While I agree with much else of what Marc Sageman says, there are a few points I disagree with. To begin with the notion of ''stagnation'': Terrorism Studies began, with few exceptions (Crozier, 1960; Thornton, 1964; Walter, 1964, 1969; Gaucher, 1965), in the 1970s. Yet there had never been a period of real bloom in the 20th century—something which logically should precede the alleged stagnation after 9=11. As Andrew Silke noted in 2006:


Biology of dermestid beetle, Attagenus fasciatus was studied on four different diets of animal origin included dried silkworm pupae and moths of Bombyx mori, feathers of white leghorn and on an equal mixture of fur of goat and sheep under laboratory conditions, to know the dietary effect on the developmental process. The mean incubation period was 12-16 days. There were 10-12 larval instars. The life-cycle on four different diets of animal origin varied. On dried silkworm pupae, total larval period ranged from 243 to 298 days and total life-cycle 267-326 days; on dried silk moths, total larval period was 251-307 and total life-cycle 272-330 days; on feathers of white leghorn, total larval period was 264-329 and total life-cycle was 288-355 days, and on an equal mixture of fur of goat and sheep, total larval period was 273-317 and total life-cycle was 297-343 days.


The article describes the interaction of molybdenum with dextrofloxacin and levofloxacin (isomers of ofloxacin) antibiotic drugs. Characterization of compounds was made by UV-Vis, FT–IR, 1 H NMR, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. The green colored Mo–dextrofloxacin and yellow colored Mo–levofloxacin complexes were isolated. After complete characterization, the chemical formulae of the complexes were established as [MoO 2 ( R -Oflox) 2 ] or [MoO 2 (Dextro) 2 ] and [MoO 2 (Levo) 2 ] or [MoO 2 ( S -Oflox) 2 ]. The microbial evaluation was made by well diffusion method for both ligands and their metal complexes against two bacterial strains, S. aureus and E. coli . It was observed that the antibacterial action of Mo–dextrofloxacin and Mo-levofloxacin was significantly higher than the dextrofloxacin and levofloxacin alone against S. aureus , while no action was observed against E. coli .


where y, f and g are n-vectors, z ( t )>0 and qb(t):=t-z(t) is an invertible function. A c o m m o n feature of these methods is the use of a constrained mesh. In order to define a constrained mesh for the D D E (1), we have to know the so called breaking points of the solution y, that is the points at which y has discontinuities in its derivatives, caused by the functional argument q~(t). These points are ~ o = t o < ~ a < ... < ~ j < .... ~+1 solution of qS(~)= ~j.


We present a theoretical study of the structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of small niobium clusters $({\mathrm{Nb}}_{8},$ ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{9},$ and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{10})$ using density-functional theory with local as well as gradient-corrected exchange correlation density functionals. For ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{8}$ and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{9},$ several low-energy structures were obtained, whereas for ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{10}$ there seems to be only one isomer that is energetically preferred. Vibrational spectra are in the range 100\char21{}300 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and are sensitive to the structure. Electronic properties are investigated by means of the densities of states, which depend strongly on the geometry. The theoretical results for the ionization potentials and vertical detachment energies are in good agreement with available experimental data.


Given a monad and a comonad, one obtains a distributive law between them from lifts of one through an adjunction for the other. In particular, this yields for any bialgebroid the Yetter-Drinfel'd distributive law between the comonad given by a module coalgebra and the monad given by a comodule algebra. It is this self-dual setting that reproduces the cyclic homology of associative and of Hopf algebras in the monadic framework of Bohm and S tefan. In fact, their approach generates two duplicial objects and morphisms between them which are mutual inverses if and only if the duplicial objects are cyclic. A 2-categorical perspective on the process of twisting coecients is provided and the r^ ole of the two notions of bimonad studied in the literature is claried.


The 46km 2 Livingstone Creek Catchment in south-eastern Australia was flown with a passive microwave airborne remote sensor (Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometer, PLMR) as part of the National Airborne Field Experiment in 2006 with a spatial resolution of ~ 200m. The catchment was experiencing extreme drought conditions leading up to the experiment and as a result ground cover in the catchment was minimal with many paddocks consisting of sparse dry stubble and grass. The PLMR image captured surface wet soil moisture conditions after a 30mm rainfall event. This paper looks at the conceptualizations of our current understanding of landscape controls that influence the soil moisture patterns in the landscape. Passive microwave is becoming more widely available on various satellite platforms, and will be a valuable data source for catchment water balance and climate change science modelling. Downscaling of passive microwave satellite imagery data is the current challenge. The use of the high resolution PLMR data flown in this study allows for examination of the current data sources that provide surrogate information on terrain, land cover and soil properties that could potentially be used in downscaling procedures. Three indexes were used for a visual comparison. (1) A weathering index (2) Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and (3) SPOT satellite imagery for land cover. The weathering index matched certain areas of the PLMR data where it was known that the soil properties were driving the soil wetness patterns. The topographic wetness index represented broad areas of hilly landscapes from flat alluvial areas in the PLMR images. The land cover appeared to show localised areas of high contrast in PLMR image however these areas are generally vegetated with trees as the landforms are steep with shallow infertile soils. It is proposed that further studies will look at multi criteria analysis of terrain and land cover indexes to try and find the correct mix of variables needed to represent the PLMR images so that downscaling studies from coarser PLMR data can occur.


Purpose: To report a case of retinal toxicity after an intravitreal ganciclovir injection to treat acute retinal necrosis in an eye filled with silicone oil. Case summary: A 56-year-old male presented with ocular pain and visual loss in his right eye. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25, inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber, multiple retinitis lesions and retinal vessel occlusions in the peripheral retina and vitreous opacity were showed. Acute retinal necrosis was suspected, anterior chamber polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was done. Aciclovir 2,400 mg/day intravenously and ganciclovir 2.0 mg were administered by intravitreal injection. After 4 days, retinitis was worsened and PCR test was positive for varicella zoster virus. Ganciclovir intravitreal injections were increased twice a week. After 16 days, retinal detachment occurred, so scleral encircling, vitrectomy, laser photocoagulation, and silicone oil tamponade were conducted. Ganciclovir 1.0 mg was injected at the end of surgery. The patient's visual acuity de-creased to hand motion, and multiple crystal deposits with multiple retinal hemorrhages were observed in the right eye the next day. Visual acuity did not recover and optical coherent tomography showed that the macula was thinned. Conclusions: Visual loss seemed to be related with the retinal toxicity of ganciclovir. The increased local concentration due to the silicone oil tamponade is thought to have caused the toxicity. Ophthalmol


t is no exaggeration to say that Fred Block andMargaret Somers are almost singlehandedly responsible for reviving interest in Karl Polanyi's intellectual and political legacy in American sociology. Their contribution has consisted not only in reminding sociologists of the power of Polanyi's analysis of the rise of market society tomake sense of our troubled times but evenmore importantly in resolvingmany of the difficult theoretical tangles that Polanyi gets himself into in the course of developing this analysis. Now their various essays, written over three decades, have been revised for publication in a single volume, supplemented with several new essays that introduce novel themes and also attempt to apply Polanyi's conceptual apparatus to current social and political problems. As a compilation of essays, the resulting volume defies easy summary—and I won't attempt to offer a full treatment of the many important contributions that run through these chapters. An incomplete inventory would include the masterful exegesis of the complex argument of The Great Transformation presented in chapter 2; chapter 5's valuable reexamination of the Speenhamland period in English social history; and a highly original, Polanyian-inspired consideration of free market ideology as a genre of utopian social theory, which is elaborated in chapter 4 but runs as a theme throughout the book. Alongside these contributions, I want to give special emphasis to two conceptual innovations that underpin Block and Somers's entire analysis and I think represent their most enduring legacy to Polanyian scholarship: namely, their notion of the "always embedded economy" and the closely related concept of "ideational embeddedness." But since my role as reviewer is not merely to praise but also to offer a critique, after introducing these concepts, I will take is-


INTRODUCTION: The cervicouterine cancer is the second malignant neoplasia more frequent in women, whose solution must to be based in implementation of organizing measures, the knowledge of affection epidemiology and the improvement of early detection methods and of treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the behavior of risk factors related to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in suburban and rural strata of Santa Cruz del Norte municipality. To identify in case-control groups the behavior of some factors in selected areas. To compare the behavior of factors selected among the suburban and rural strata. METHODS: A analytical study of case-controls was conducted including a sample of 126 women. The study variables were related to this sexual and behavioral sphere and the risk factors by odds ratio and the chi test calculus were assessed. RESULTS: Factors related to a history of sexual transmitted infections (OR= 3.1 and 9) and smoking (OR= 6.1 and 7.5) were considered as risk factors for both sexes. The number of sexual partners only was a risk factor for the suburban female population (OR= 4.5). The differences among patients of suburban and rural strata were significant in all factors analyzed except for that related to the "number of labors" (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was evidenced that the sexual transmission infections and smoking were considered as risk factors for populations of both strata unlike the use of oral contraceptives, age in the first labor, parity and the type of labor. The number of sexual partners only was considered a risk factor for the women from the suburban population.


Determined the transcendental transfer function of the torsional vibrations of an elastic bar with distributed parameters and the concentrated mass which fixed at one end. Input is a torsional moment which attached to the free end of the bar, output is the angle of rotation bar. Problem is solved by methods of the structural theory of A.G. Butkovskiy.


Generation of the initial matching hypothesis for a model-based monocular vision system is presented. The primitive shape description of images is a set of line segments and the model is automatically constructed from a sequence of stereo views. The key points of the approach are the use of vanishing points and other perspective invariants such as collinearity, connectivity, and the use of double ratios to get rid of matching ambiguities.<<ETX>>


International rankings show that Switzerland is regularly rated one of the most innovative economies in the world. On the other hand, Switzerland still lacks in innovation in the service sector. This is even more significant, considering that the companies situated in the services sector, represents the largest segment of the Swiss economy.
Different types of service innovation processes are identified: R&D-based, practice-oriented and ad-hoc processes. Considering the methods used in these processes, they may have a stronger focus on service and/or innovation and maybe used with variable frequency. A survey about 300 Swiss companies indicates, that innovative firms from this service sector often use "service-specific innovation processes" and apply this methods more frequently than others. This can increase the market share of innovative service firms and strengthen their competitive position. Objectives: The following paper discusses in particular the service innovations and investigates the influence of different innovation process types and methods on the number of new and improved services on the one hand, and how to improve the entrepreneurial success measured with sales and profit shares as well as the competitive position on the other.
Prior Work: To design a research model as a framework for the questionnaire, an abstraction of the innovation spinner was developed. In the model three types of innovation processes as independent variables where interrogated: the R&D based, the ad-hoc and the practice-driven processes. With regard to the innovation methods four different types of methods where referred to in the survey (also independent variables): general management methods without any focus on services, service specific methods, and innovation specific methods with and without focus on services. Innovation output (new and improved services) and entrepreneurial success (profit share, sales share and competitive position) where used as dependent variables.
Approach: From a randomized proportional stratified sample with 6000 Swiss service firms results a data record with 300 fully filled questionnaires. Regression analysis is used to test the significance of the whole model and analysis of variance is used to find significant differences between three different types of companies: not innovative companies, innovative companies and very innovative companies.
Results: The regression analysis shows that with regard to the profit share as dependent variables the model is significantly affected by improved services. In contrast, the competition position is influenced by new and improved services. Furthermore, the use of R&D based innovation processes leads to a bigger number of new and improved services.
The t-tests present the following significant results:
- The bigger the company is, the more new and improved services where offered;
- Profit and sales share of new and improved services is independent of the company size;
- Innovative companies more often use an innovation process;
- Innovative companies use more innovation methods;
- Very innovative companies more often use innovation specific methods.
Implications: The Fraunhofer Institute show in their research that the maturity level of methods used is below 26%. Hence, the development of service and innovation specific methods is a key task for any company and research institutions dealing with service innovation. Knowledge and technology transfer institutions should support SMEs by implementing and formalizing these processes and methods. At last, universities should provide courses or even degree programs with a main focus on service innovation management.
Value: It was shown that innovative service companies use service-specific innovation processes and methods more frequently, which can increase the profit share of innovative services and improve their competitive position.


Management of patients under chronic coumadin anticoagulation on the perioperative setting is a frequent and problematic clinical scenario. Temporary interruption of anticoagulation during surgical procedures places the patients at risk of thrombo-embolic events and on the other hand, keeping anticoagulation throughout surgery puts them at risk of bleeding complications. There is limited evidence in this topic and clinical guidelines based on expert opinion are inconsistent. The lack of clear guidelines and the indiscriminate use of unfractionated heparin for transitional replacement generate delays, extra costs and is cause of unnecessary days of hospitalization. This text discusses the possible variables and risks to consider in decision making and also the evidence in regards to low molecular weight heparins for transitional and perioperative outpatient replacement of anticoagulation called "bridging". A practical guideline and a simple algorithm are proposed in order to facilitate its implementation.


Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plus improving forest-management (REDD+) is a mechanism to facilitate tropical countries' participation in climate change mitigation. In this review we focus on the current state of monitoring systems to support implementing REDD+. The main elements of current monitoring systems – Landsat satellites and traditional forest inventories – will continue to be the backbone of many forest-monitoring systems around the world, but new remote-sensing and analytical approaches are addressing monitoring problems specific to the tropics and implementing REDD+. There is increasing recognition of the utility of combining remote sensing with field data using models that integrate information from many sources, which will continue to evolve as new sensors are deployed and as the availability of field data increases.


Fungal infections of nose and paranasal sinuses are not common. They are increasingly recognized entity both in normal and immunocompromised individuals. Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis are the commonest of all fungal infections involving maxillary sinus. Paranasal sinus aspergillus infections are classified as non – invasive, invasive and fulminant. Non-invasive forms present with nasal obstruction, pressure and drainage. The treatment is primarily surgical excision of the lesion and aeration of the involved sinus. In a present study, three cases of aspergillus infections are reported out of which two are immunocompromised. They presented with nasal obstruction, watery discharge and headache. Clinical and radiological findings revealed Nasal/Paranasal mass. Excision of the mass was done and sent for Histopathology. The diagnosis of Aspergillosis was given which was supported with special stains (P.A.S. and Silver methanamine stain).


Low-field magnetotransport measurements of topological in sulators such as Bi 2Se3 are important for revealing the nature of topological surface states by quantum correction s to the conductivity, such as weak-antilocalization. Recently, a rich variety of high-field magnetotransport prope rties in the regime of high electron densities ( ∼ 1019 cm−3) were reported, which can be related to additional two-dimen sional layered conductivity, hampering the identification of the topological surface states. Here, we report that quantum corrections to the electronic conduction are dominated by the surface states for a semiconducting case, w hich can be analyzed by the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka model for two coupled surfaces in the case of strong spin-orb it interaction. However, in the metallic-like case this analysis fails and additional two-dimensional contributi ons need to be accounted for. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and quantized Hall resistance prove as strong indic ations for the two-dimensional layered metallic behavior. Temperature-dependent magnetotransport properties of high-quality Bi 2Se3 single crystalline exfoliated macro and micro flakes are combined with high resolution transmiss ion electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, confirming the structure and stoichiometry. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy proves a single-Dirac-cone surface state and a well-defined bulk ban d gap in topological insulating state. Spatially resolved core-level photoelectron microscopy demonstrates the sur face stability.


Abstract An essential oil composition of Thymus rohlenae Velen. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-seven components were identified representing 95.4% of the oil. p-Cymene (33.3%) and γ-terpinene (11.8%) were the most abundant constituents.


The structural and electronic properties of the Ga1-xCrxAs compound were calculated by employing principles based in the Density Functional Theory-DFT. In order to solve the Kohn-Sham equations, the plane wave method and the ultrasoft atomic pseudopotential approximation were used. Moreover, for the exchange and correlation energy, the generalized gradient approximation was employed, taking into account the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) parametrization, as it is implemented in the computational code quantum espresso. To dope the GaAs with impurities, the system exhibits a half-metallic behavior. This material can be used in spintronics. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.


List of tables Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Map 1. Introduction 2. The economic background: supply and demand for charity 3. The idea of charity between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries 4. The charitable houses of medieval Cambridge and its surroundings 5. Life in a medieval hospital: the hospital of St John, Cambridge 6. The religious and economic functions of the hospital of St John 7. Corporate and individual acts of charity 8. Epilogue Appendices Bibliography Index.


The photodissociation dynamics of gas phase I3− following 390 nm excitation are studied using femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy. Both I− and I2− photofragments are observed; the I2− exhibits coherent oscillations with a period of 550 fs corresponding to ∼0.70 eV of vibrational excitation. The oscillations dephase by 4 ps and rephase at 45 and 90.5 ps on the anharmonic I2− potential. The gas phase frequency of ground state I3− is determined from oscillations in the photoelectron spectrum induced by resonance impulsive stimulated Raman scattering. The dynamics of this reaction are modeled using one- and two-dimensional wave packet simulations from which we attribute the formation of I− to three-body dissociation along the symmetric stretching coordinate of the excited anion potential. The photodissociation dynamics of gas phase I3− differ considerably from those observed previously in solution both in terms of the I2− vibrational distribution and the production of I−.


AbstractThe rising incidence of melanoma has increased demand for early detection tools, which enable an objective decision and prevent the need for biopsies, the current gold standard in lesion diagnosis. In this study, we report the development of such a tool, a melanoma image analysis system (MIAS), designed to improve the standard of care and classify suspicious skin lesions as benign or malignant. In addition, our methodological approach to curate an image data-set (107 benign lesions and 94 melanomas) and subsequently divide into five balanced sets in order to create a quadratic discriminant analysis classifier, allowed us to determine the causes of weaknesses within our classifier. We identified the classifier's weaknesses by analysing for which benign images the system failed and the reasons for being so. Further analysis also determined which benign categories were more difficult to classify and identified which features were useful for classification. Our classification system resulted in averag...


As people acquire much more personal information as a result of personal and work activities, the management of these information becomes a serious problem and an important research issue. Modeling personal desktop activities and identifying them are two basic problems for supporting activity-based operations. To the best of our knowledge there is no literature on formalizing and identifying desktop activity from personal information management perspective. There are a number of challenges to this work, including the fact that people exhibit personalized behaviors, have individual interests, needs and resources, no available experimental data set, etc. In this paper, we perform a user experiment to learn about user desktop activities in a personal information management context. We collected information access activities in a naturalistic setting and propose a conceptual activity model by analyzing features of user behaviors at their desktop computers. We present an effective and efficient method of automatically identifying desktop activities. To evaluate performance of our method, we develop a prototype system to collect real users activities, and evaluate our methods for identifying activities. The results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our methods.


In general, drivers tend to change lane to have a convenient journey. Lane changing process give notable impact in traffic flow especially in congested road. Over the last decades, driving models are being develop with the intention to illustrate the behavior of vehicles. This paper intends to review the process of lane changing in the context of vehicle communication. In addition, existing lane changing models are reviewed and classified based on their characteristic. For this section, few studies on development of the models are summarized and to build new behavior model that can manage lane changes. The limitations of earlier lane-changing models are then addressed. Last, the findings and conclusions are presented, and future work are proposed.


Abstract : The propagation of Pn waves has been investigated over a large region in western China using regional events recorded by the Hi-CLIMB array. Seismic attributes, including arrival times, Hilbert envelope amplitudes, and pulse frequencies, are modeled to investigate how velocity structures in the crust and the upper mantle affect the propagation of the Pn wave in Tibet. Traveltimes are first modeled using 3D ray tracing to construct a 3D velocity model beneath the Hi-CLIMB array. The spectral element method, which provides complete numerical wave solutions in laterally varying media, was then used to model the seismic attribute data. Velocity and attenuation models beneath the Hi-CLIMB array are constructed and trade-offs between structural effects and attenuation are investigated. The objective of the study was to obtain self-consistent models of Pn propagation in western China free from assumptions such as a frequency-independent geometric spreading. To this end, our results should advance efforts in isolating effects of frequency-dependent propagation from those of pure-inelastic attenuation (Q), leading to improved methodologies for discrimination and yield estimates at regional distances.


Indonesia is a pluralistic country that has religious, linguistic and cultural diversity, if without good tolerance management it will have the potential to cause disputes in society, especially the religious sector because religion is a guideline for people's beliefs. So that there is a need for religious tolerance in society, there are many studies that examine the level of religious tolerance in schools, but there is no research that discusses the relationship between educators' religious tolerance and students' religious intolerance. This research is important to be carried out to find out whether there is a relationship. The question of this research is how to interpret the religious tolerance attitude of educators and students' religious intolerance at MTsN 1 Surabaya city?. How is the relationship between the religious tolerance of educators and the religious intolerance of students at MTsN 1 Surabaya? The purpose of this study was to determine the understanding of the religious tolerance of educators and the religious intolerance of students at MTsN 1 Surabaya City and to determine the relationship between the two attitudes. This is a quantitative research with correlation method with analytical technique, namely product moment statistic. The results of the study, namely, the attitude of religious tolerance of educators obtained a coefficient value that was categorized as "very good", the attitude of religious intolerance of students obtained the category of "not good" meaning that the tolerance attitude of students was very good too, but only correlated "low/weak" because the effect was only 9- 10%. It can be concluded that educators and schools have a small role in shaping students' attitudes and character because 90% are more influenced by other factors.


ABSTRACT The designation of special development zones is extensively employed in China to promote urbanization. This study aimed to assess the potential of special zone development as a tool in leading sustainable land use in Yinchuan City, Western China. Through an integrated framework that estimated the resultant land use pattern of zones related to institution, implementation, and planning, critical problems of the zoning system were identified. Three types of special zones – isolated, peripheral, and strategic, were observed. Subsequently, we found that the inconsistent position of zones in the city's spatial strategy and inconsideration towards the surrounding areas have led to inefficiency in promoting ordered development pattern and intended land use layout in the isolated and peripheral zones. The zones that obtained more substantial development were the strategic zones. Additionally, heavy reliance on land leasing fees led to more consumptive land development. Therefore, the potential of special zones in land-use control, in the context of rapidly-growing inland cities in China, is predominantly dependent on the planning coordination with the city's development strategy. For the improvement of the efficiency of zones, we suggest re-examination of the positions of zones within the entire urban structure and more flexible planning and fiscal tools.


This study aims to determine and analyze learning outcomes by combining NHT (numbered head together) and IOC (inside the outside circle) cooperative learning models on the economic learning outcomes of Palangkaraya Muhammadiyah 1 High School students. The data analysis technique used in this study was a data analysis technique using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The conclusions that can be drawn based on the results of this study are: the NHT (numbered head together) cooperative model has proven to be effective in improving the economic learning outcomes of students of Muhammadiyah 1 Palangkaraya High School, the cooperative model of the IOC type (inside outside circle) has been proven to effectively improve the economic learning outcomes of Muhammadiyah 1 High School students Palangkaraya, the merging of the NHT (numbered head together) and IOC (inside outside circle) cooperative model is effective on the economic learning outcomes of Palangkaraya 1 Muhammadiyah high school students. Keywords : Economic Learning Outcomes, cooperative, NHT (Numbered Head Together) type, IOC type (Inside Outside Circle). DOI : 10.7176/JEP/11-2-13 Publication date: January 31 st 2020


We investigate the chromatic dispersion properties of silicon channel slot waveguides in a broad spectral region centered at ~1.5 μm. The variation of the dispersion profile as a function of the slot fill factor, i.e., the ratio between the slot and waveguide widths, is analyzed. Two different dispersion regimes are identified. Keywordsintegrated optics; silicon photonics; dispersion.


We have seen the use of partition trees for range searching earlier. In this lecture an efficient partition scheme which achieves the optimal query time within polylog factors is described. See [4] and [5] for more details. There are several new ideas on which this scheme relies. The existence of "good" cuttings are central to the algorithm. In the next section some of the definitions and results on cuttings are reviewed.


[Objective] The aim was to screen out the varieties of lettuce that was fit for the climate of Hezhou,and explore the correlation of its yield characters. [Method] Taking 11 lettuce varieties( Yonganhong lettuce,Donghanhong sharp leaf lettuce,Zijiang Xiangsunwang,Bahaohongjianye,Yonganfeiqiao Xiangsunwang,Cuilvchangqing,South Korea red lettuce,Nongboshijianye No. 8,Dongfanghong sharp leaf lettuce,Korea red sharp leaf lettuce,Liuxing lettuce) as test materials,5 characters,commodity weight per plant,tuber weight per plant,plant height,tuber height and tuber diameter,were measured. [Result]The Cuilvchangqing should be eliminated; the performance of every character indices of Liuxing lettuce was poor; there were a little difference among the other varieties,which were suitable for development; there was very significant correlation among the 5 yield characters,and tuber weight per plant and plant height were more important for commodity weight of lettuce than the other yield characters. [Conclusion]The study provides a variety basis for developing vegetable industrial better and protecting farmers to increase yield and income in Hezhou City.


Environmental regulation affects the financial performance of firms, while the findings are mixed. This paper quantitatively analyzes the current and lagged effect of environmental regulation (ER) on financial performance (FP), based on the data of 361 highly polluting A-shares firms and 936 mildly polluting A-shares firms in China. It is proved that ER exerts a negative effect on the FP of polluting firms in the short term and a positive effect in the long term, which unifies the 'Porter Hypothesis' (PH) and the 'Costly Regulation Hypothesis' (CRH) on the temporal dimension. Mechanism analysis reveals that ER negatively affects current FP of highly polluting firms by improving their green innovation investment. In addition, ER has a significant positive lagged effect on the FP of polluting firms by improving their operating efficiency, rather than reducing production costs. Furthermore, we find that ER significantly improves the FP of highly polluting firms, especially state-owned firms, as opposed to mildly polluting firms and privately-owned firms. The conclusions imply that government should make subsidies for green firms or firms going green, and firms should pay more attention to green innovation investment and green development.


In previous studies it has been shown that hemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS cause lung injury and vascular endothelium injury. It is also known that Nitric oxide (NO) reacts with superoxide anion to form peroxynitrite, a powerful oxidant that damages organ tissues. This study was to identify the effectiveness of different pharmacological interventions in overcoming ROS induced hypotension and lung injury in rats subjected to HS. The drugs tested were NG‐methyl‐L‐Arginine (L‐NMA) a NOS inhibitor, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) a conventional ROS inhibitor, ODQ a sGC specific guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. The study consisted of 5 groups: control (HS with no pharmacological intervention), HS+L‐NMA, HS+L‐NMA+NAC, HS+ODQ, HS+ODQ+NAC. The rats were anesthetized, catheterized, and then blood was drawn until the blood pressure reached 30 mmHg in order to subject them to HS. Rats were monitored for 6 hours, with blood samples taken simultaneously to test NO and cytokine production. At 1 hour post HS a drug or drug combination was given. At completion, lung samples were taken for wet‐to‐dry, immunochemistry and pathology. While all drug combinations tested seemed to create an improvement in heart rate and BP, the L‐NMA+NAC and the ODQ+NAC groups showed the greatest recovery in restoring BP by decreasing ROS.


A new method for the synthesis of 3-hydrazinopropyl trimethoxysilane is proposed. The method is relatively simple and is based on hydrosilylation like the synthesis of analogous aminosilanes. For drying allylhydrazine hydrate a new efficient silyl hydride base method is proposed. The product, a new hydrazino-ormosil (organically modified silicate), can be applied in chemical modification of SiO2 surfaces, thus offering an alternative to aminosilane modification, which is widely applied in several surface coating technologies.


This paper applies scenario analysis to predicting the possible effects of urban plans on resources and the environment.A combined qualitative and quantitative scenario framework was established on the basis of integrated and subscenarios.This framework was employed in the prediction and assessment of urban development of Tianjin Binhai New Area and future energy issues in this area.The case demonstrates that the uncertainty that lies in predicting environmental impacts induced by urban development could be dealt with in the scenario analysis framework.Evaluating the impacts as well as proposing prevention and mitigation measures could also be finalized within this framework.To this end, it helps to direct the urban system to sustainable development.


This paper explored the representation of war in Ukraine, utilizing corpus linguistics methods. It presents the gleanings of the analysis of the international press release covering the period February 24th - November 1st, based on a specialized corpus (1 081 971 tokens) of world newspaper articles compiled for this study. Using the LancsBox software package, a keyword analysis was carried out, providing a window into lexical patterns and typical themes associated with the war in Ukraine. The study highlighted the quantitative characteristics of the target corpus by singling out keywords and their collocates, followed by a qualitative interpretation of their usage in context. The themes commonly referenced in the target corpus were as follows: military intervention, actors/agents, implements, consequences, victims, description and attitudes, resistance, and economy. On the paradigmatic level, the highest occurrences were documented for lexemes war, invasion, and conflict as referents to the concept of ongoing warfare. On the syntagmatic level, lexically rich were the themes of attitudes towards war and its influence on the global economy. Negative discourse prosodies were evident in the discussion of war and some of its agents. In sum, the paper helps understand public attitudes and evaluation of war in the news coverage, which shape the image of Ukraine in the global arena.


Aim
The aim of this prospective study was to determine the influence of vertical soft tissue thickness on bone level changes in platform-switched implants placed eqicrestally or subcrestally and restored with screw-retained or cement-retained restorations.
Methods
Platform-switched bone-level implants were placed in a single stage manner in the posterior mandibular region. Implant sites were divided into thick (control) and thin (test) vertical soft tissue groups. The implants in the control group were placed equicrestally. The implant sites from the control group were randomly allocated to receive equicrestally or subcrestally placed implants. Bone remodeling/loss was radiographically measured at baseline, three months postoperatively and six months after delivery of final prosthetic restoration.
Results
The mean crestal bone loss values three months postoperatively and six months post prosthetic restoration were higher in sites with thin versus sites with thick gingiva. In implant sites with thin gingiva, subcrestally placed implants presented less bone loss than eqicrestally placed implants.
Conclusion
Platform switched implants are prone to more bone loss when they are placed in sites with thin soft tissue, regardless of the type of final restoration (screw-retained or cement-retained). Subcrestal placement of platform-switched implants can prevent crestal bone loss in sites with vertical soft tissue thickness < 3 mm.


Tribocorrosion maps serve the purpose of identifying operating conditions for acceptable rate of degradation. This paper proposes a machine learning based approach to generate tribocorrosion maps, which can be used to predict tribosystem performance. First, unsupervised machine learning is used to identify and label clusters from tribocorrosion experimental data. The identified clusters are then used to train a support vector classification model. The trained SVM is used to generate tribocorrosion maps. The generated maps are compared with the standard maps from literature.


The research was conducted at BPR in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province which is registered with the Financial Services Authority. The population of this research is BPRs that are registered and report their finances in full at the Financial Services Authority during the 2018-2020 period, as many as 7 BPRs. The number of samples used was 7 rural banks using the saturated sampling method (census). The research data uses secondary data, obtained from the publications of the Financial Services Authority. The data analysis technique used is path analysis to analyze the pattern of relationships between variables and using the Sobel test to determine the role of mediating variables. The results of the analysis and discussion of the study found that NPL and BOPO had a negative and significant effect on ROA, CAR had a positive and significant effect on ROA, NPL had a positive and insignificant effect on CAR, BOPO had a negative and significant effect on CAR, CAR was unable to mediate the effect of NPL on ROA, and CAR is able to mediate the effect of BOPO on ROA. Good management of NPL, BOPO, and CAR will bring maximum profitability, so that the bank's financial performance will be better.


The Advanced Information Management Prototype (AIM) is an experimental database system, developed and prototyped at the IBM Scientific Center in Heidelberg, Germany. The underlying data model is an extension of the NF' data model. It is founded on the notions of tuple, set and list. These three constructors may be applied to any valid structure in any order, starting with some atomic domain(s), to get a valid AIM database structure. The corresponding database language, called HDBL (IIeidelberg Data Base Language) is an SQL-type language meeting the requirements of the extended NF' data model. In this paper we investigate the problem of improving the evaluation of HDBL queries by transformation of the query. The first kind of transformation deals with view processing. Given an HDBL query containing a view it is often not necessary to materialize the view. We will give some rules on how to eliminate the view and evaluate the query against the base relations. Another kind of transformation will be used to remove variables from the query. Some of these transformations are equivalent to the removal of redundant join operations in the relational algebra; a second way to remove variables is the introduction of "complex projections" which can directly be mapped to operations at the storage access interface of the DBMS. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distrihutcd for direct commercial advantage. thr VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear. and notice is $cn that copying is hy permission of the Vq Large Data Base Endowment. To copy otherwise. OIto rcp'uhlihh. rcquircc ;I l'w and/or special permission from the Endowmc'nt. Proceedings of the 16th VLDB Conference Brisbane, Australia 1990


AbstractThe division of water distribution networks (WDNs) into district metering areas (DMAs) is a challenging issue and can be effective for analysis, planning, and management purposes. This cont...


Frequency assignment is a well-known problem in operations research for which different mathematical models exist depending on the application-specific conditions. However, most of these models are far from considering actual technologies currently deployed in GSM networks, such as frequency hopping. In these networks, interferences provoked by channel reuse due to the limited available radio spectrum result in a major impact of the quality of service (QoS) for subscribers. Therefore, frequency planning is of great importance for GSM operators. We here focus on optimizing the frequency planning of a realistic-sized, real-world GSM network by using evolutionary algorithms (EAs). Results show that a (1+10) EA developed by the chapter authors for which different seeding methods and perturbation operators have been analyzed is able to compute accurate and efficient frequency plans for real-world instances.


Abstract Aluminium alloy A6061-T6 or magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet was welded to steel sheet by a friction stir spot welding technique using a scroll grooved tool without a probe. The material flow in the nugget of the Mg/steel weld was less than that in the Al/steel one. The Al/steel weld exhibited higher static tensile–shear strength than the Al/Al weld, while the strengths of Mg/steel and Mg/Mg welds were comparable. Tensile–shear fatigue tests were performed using lap shear specimens of both dissimilar and similar welds. The dissimilar welds exhibited nearly the same fatigue strengths as the similar ones. The effective nugget size in the dissimilar welds was defined as the area where Al or Mg alloy remained on the steel side after static fracture. When the fatigue strengths of dissimilar welds were evaluated based on the effective nugget size, the normalised fatigue strengths of Al/steel and Mg/steel welds were comparable.


Objective To know the germicidal efficacy and physicochemical properties of a stable liquid peracetic acid.Methods Suspension quantitative germicidal test and physicochemical analysis method were used to carry out laboratory observation. Results The available content of the stable peracetic acid product attained 185 g/L.After storing at room temperature(25℃) for 12 months,its content decreased by 9.63% and its content was still ≥150 g/L after storing for 18 months.The killing logarithm values of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in suspension exposed to the water solution containing 50 mg/L peracetic acid for 3 min and Staphylococcus aureus exposed for 5 min were 5.00.The killing logarithm value of Candida albicans in suspension exposed to the water solution containing 200 mg/L peracetic acid for 5 min was 4.00 and that of spores of Bacullus subtilis var.niger in suspension exposed to the water solution containing 500 mg/L peracetic acid for 8 min was 5.00. Conclusion The liquid peracetic acid is stable during storing and has good efficacy in killing vegetative forms of bacteria,fungi and bacterial spores.


In the Ecclesiastical History and the Martyrs of Palestine, Eusebius takes pains to delineate the school around Pamphilus and to show its philosophical merit and connection to the tradition of Origen. From some modern scholarly positions, it is a mistake to believe that this school existed, was connected to Origen or was philosophical in nature. As this chapter shows, the designation of the school of Pamphilus as philosophical and grounded in the work of Origen at Caesarea are two important organizational themes for Eusebius. If they were compelling to him, although one reads with suspicion as a modern historian, one ought perhaps to begin with what was relevant to the ancient writer and his environment. Keywords:Caesarea; Eusebius Philosophus


Automated testing is now applied on a large scale, especially in organizations that embrace a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) software development process [1], [2]. While numerous studies have demonstrated the impact of automated testing on software development, there is currently no standardised industrial framework for providing a comprehensive high-level overview on testing activity across projects. This is vital for developing and maintaining test frameworks, and thereby a crucial part of the Quality Assurance (QA) Developer Experience [3]. In this paper, we present QEX, which is a model for integrating common testing data sources to obtain observability on test development in a way that provides transparent and actionable insights to relevant stakeholders. It is most suitable for enterprise contexts where testing is performed on a large scale. We provide an open-source implementation that is used at our company, together with an evaluation of its performance and possible ways to extend it further.


In this paper, a biometric human recognition system based on Electrocardiography (ECG) signal is proposed. Three processes i.e., pre-processing, feature extraction and classification is discussed. A combination of enhanced start and end point detection namely short time energy (STE) and short time average zero crossing rate (STAZCR) is employed in the pre-processing. Subsequently, an autocorrelation method is applied in feature extraction. For the classification process, the kernel sparse representation classifier (KSRC) is proposed as a classifier to increase the system performance in high dimensional feature space. 79 recorded signals from 79 subjects are used are employed in this study. To validate the performance of the KSRC, several classifiers, i.e. sparse representation classifier (SRC), k nearest neighbor (kNN) and support vector machine (SVM) are compared. An experiment based on different sizes of feature dimensions is conducted. The classification performance for four classifiers are found to be 90.93%, 92.8%, 94.24%, 62.9%, 97.23% and 95.87% for the kNN, SVM (Polynomial and RBF), SRC and KSRC (Polynomial and RBF), respectively. The results reveal that the KSRC is a promising classifier for the ECG biometric system compared to the existing reference classifiers.


An online exam (also called an electronic-Exam) is a good method of conducting papers and other types of important exams with help of the internet. An online exam needs a device capable of accessing the internet such as a computer or a smartphone. This can be either done at an examination centre or at home. This study aimed at making a comparative analysis of post graduate students' satisfaction regarding online vs. traditional examinations at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The sample size for the study was 119. A questionnaire was designed and used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed that students were more satisfied with traditional exam setup as compared to online exams. Online exams affected students' performances positively to a great extent. When respondents were asked about the effects of online exams on students' performance, they perceived it as more positive as compared to the traditional examination system. This study concluded that students were satisfied with the traditional exam setup because of more learning. Satisfaction from online exams was lower. As online exams are also needed of the hour so some developments should be there to make this setup familiar and easy to understand for all students.


Be able to change the different characteristics and potential of these results, showing that the Metal Matrix Composite showed an increase in physical and mechanical at any properties. With increasing weight percentage of particles in the matrix aluminum metal reinforcement makes a low wear rate against diks manufacture brake. Aluminium composite that bottom ash coal with Mg alloy and SiC factor that could affect the properties of the composite, particle distribution amplifier in a metal matrix. From the results of research to get the final hardness testing and FER. Effect of aging temperature on the value of FER and violence is in the range of temperature that is validated, the higher the aging temperature FER value increases, so does the value of violence. The highest FER value for 1.34 reached tepmeratur aging 200 0 C and highest hardness value is achieved at temperatures of 180 C. Effect of aging time variation of the value of FER and violence is at varied time spans, the longer aging FER value thus increased, so did the value of violence. The highest FER value of 1.34 was achieved in a period of 7 hours and achieved the highest hardness value of 7 hours Kata kunci : Aluminium komposit abu dasar batu bara.


The counting efficiencies of 2 different types of diethylene-glycol (DEG) based Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) is described and discussed. The development of two laminar flow CPCs, sensitive in the size range below 3 nm is described. The two types used are a modified TSI 3776 laminar diffusion-type CPC operating with DEG instead of butanol (DEG-CPC) and a turbulent mixing Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) A09 from Airmodus. For each of the two types two different systems with slightly different settings have been investigated, respectively. The two laminar flow CPCs were operated at different temperature settings, where one of the mixing type systems was running at a fixed saturation ratio and therefore had a fixed cut-off diameter and the other one was opaerated in scanning mode. Various different test aerosols have been generated to obtain cut-off curves for all four different CPCs. The main focus was on measuring the counting efficiencies under well controlled laboratory conditions. Therefore a high...


Therapy with nicotine replacement has been widely used in the treatment of smoking cessation, however the strong relationship between mood disorders, nicotine dependence and withdrawal and a better understanding of the neurochemistry of nicotine suggests the use of antidepressants in the treatment of smoking. Differents classes of antidepressants have been proposed to help of smoking cessation. Bupropion, an atypical antidepressant with both noradrenergic and dopaminergic actions, used alone or in a combination with nicotine patch, has been showed efficacious in the treatment of smoking dependence and its efficacy is not depend of a former history of major depression or alcoholism


Objectives To study the impact of CO2 pneumoperitoneum of different pressure on the pulmonary functions,and to evaluate the appropriate range of pressure of the CO2 pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic procedure.Methods The 240 patients with asymptomatic cholecystic stone or polyps were divided into 4 groups to accept open cholecystectomy(the OC group),laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum(1.33 kPa,the LP group),of medium-pressure pneumoperitoneum(1.60 kPa,the MP group) and of high-pressure pneumoperitoneum(1.90 kPa,the HP group),respectively.The indexes of pulmonary function was monitored and the artery blood gas analyzed in each group in the different stages before and after the surgical procedure.Results The values of indexes of Paw,PetCO2,and PaCO2 after the formation of pneumoperitoneum of the patients underwent LC were all obviously higher than those in the postoperative patients underwent OC(P0.01).And the values of these indexes of the HP group were markedly higher than those in the LP group and the MP group(P0.01).The values of FVC,FRC,FEV1 and MMF of the patients in OC group all decreased obviously 24 hours after the operation and were lower than those of patients underwent LC(P0.01).A further decreasing of these indexes was observed 48 hours after the operation(P0.05).The values of the indexes of patients underwent LC decreased obviously 24 hours after the operation(P0.05),but were similar with those determined before the operation(P0.05).LC was also associated with a significantly reduced postoperative pain compared with OC(P0.01).Conclusion The pressure of CO2 pneumoperitoneum within the range of 1.33~1.60 kPa affects the pulmonary functions little,and leads to a faster postoperative recovery of pulmonary function than that in the OC group.


The first page of The Picture of Dorian Gray connects two places, a painter's studio and a garden. In doing so, it weaves a subtle interplay of correspondences between both. This article intends to show first that Wilde's description is in keeping with the nineteenth-century pictorial topos of the 'artist's studio,' which explains why nothing precise is said about Dorian's portrait. Second, it contends that, far from being an objective representation, the studio serves as a metaphor for art and writing. It also claims that Wilde highlights one fundamental topic, the power of reading.


The development of mineral deposits very often occurs in stages. First, open-cut mining, then underground one. At the same time, the arrangement of shafts is always problematic, when it is necessary to choose between security and economic efficiency. Design solutions always convince us that the main thing is safety, but is it really so? This article is the initial stage in the formulation of a very topical issue, in the opinion of the authors, which consists in developing a method for estimating and forecasting the change in the state of shafts during operation. Experimental work was carried out at "Gaiskoe" underground mine, where seven shafts are located in operation, located 100-200 meters from the collapse zone, the depth of the trunks is more than 1300 meters. The main purpose of the research was to determine the wandering from the vertical axis of the trunk at different depths.


The influences of the setting conditions, i. e. sewing machine speed, drawing tension of bobbin thread and stitch length, of the lock-stitch sewing machine for industrial use on the needle thread tension have been investigated under the standard sewing condition of seam balance about 100 percent.Needle thread tension have been measured by the home made stress detector put on between the frame thread guide and the needle bar thread guide of the sewing machine, and stress was changed to the electric signal, amplified by the strain amplifier and recorded by the electro-magnetic oscirograph. It was found the following matters. The needle tension varied remarkably and some tension peaks occurred during one revolution of sewing machine motion. They were distinguished four, the first was peak groups (named "peak A"), the second was the tension passed through the contact point between the rotating hook bobbin case holder and the rotating hook bobbin case holder position bracket (peak B), the third was the tension when the thread was drawn up the thread take-up lever (peak C) and the fourth was peak D. Peak B did not appear at slow speed sewing, but the tension increased as the sewing speed increased and was often larger than peak C at high speed. Peak B appeared in the region of 25-35 degrees of turning angle of arm shaft, and the value of the turning angle of the arm shaft had a tendency to increase with machine speed increasing. As bobbin thread tension increased, peak C increased linearly and peak B decreased. As the stitch length increased, peak C increased, but its increasing ratio was not proportional to increase of the stitch length.


The paper summerises the process of establishment and shift of the politicaleconmic centers of xinjiang(ancient Western regions)in the time of Han,Wei,Western Jing,Tang and Qing dynasties And if concludes that the shift of the centers closely related with the communication,military defence beside that of political situations.


Thank you for reading hunting and fishing for sport commerce controversy popular culture. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this hunting and fishing for sport commerce controversy popular culture, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


Abstract This paper is part of ongoing studies on Myospila from Guizhou, Southwestern China, which reports four new species: M. angula sp. nov., M. divisa sp. nov.,M. huajiangensis sp. nov. and M. scutinigra sp. nov. The type specimens of the new species are housed in the Wei Lianmeng Model Worker Innovation Studio, Anshun, Guizhou, China (WLMWISAGC). http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DE8C6B73-7A3A-4F83-92AC-A1C7854F8E9F


(1R*,2S*)-2-(2-Oxobut-3-enyl)-1-(1-oxoprop-2-enyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclopentane 5 was prepared stereoselectively from 4,4-dimethylcyclopent-2-en-1-one 6 and then converted into the conjugated silyl enol ether 17. Intramolecular cycloaddition of 17, followed by base-catalysed equilibration, provided (1S*,2R*,7R*,9R*)-3-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-9,12,12-trimethyltricyclo[18.104.22.168]dodec-3-en-8-one 18a, which was transformed, after contraction of the cyclohexene ring, into the synthetic intermediate 32 for (±)-Δ9(12)-capnellene 1.


This article reported the investigation results about the Chimonanthus genus plant of the type and the development status quo in Huangshan City through the route survey method and the visit method.The value in use of Chimonanthus genus was elaborated.The suggestions on development the plant resources of the Chimonanthus salicifolius in the Huangshan City were put up.


Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an extension of H.264/AVC standard proposed by Joint Video Team (JVT) to provide flexibility and adaptability on video transmission. For this purpose, this standard exploits the use of layers, what permits to obtain a bit-stream where enhancement layers can be considered to obtain an output video sequence with a higher resolution (temporal or spatial) and/or a higher quality/fidelity. Unfortunately, this versatility comes at the price of an increase in the computational cost of SVC-compliant encoders and decoders, seriously jeopardizing their utilization in applications under tight real-time constraints. To alleviate this problem, this paper proposes a novel inter-layer intra prediction hardware architecture devoted to perform the up-sampling operations in spatially scalable SVC codecs, as this type of scalability has demonstrated to be the most computationally complex of the three types of scalability included in the SVC standard. The proposed architecture has been implemented onto a low-cost FPGA device, being able to process a HDTV 1080p@30fps video sequence at a working frequency as low as 50 MHz. Moreover, as opposed to the static solutions found in the state-of-the-art, the hardware resources of our design can be easily adapted to the processing requirements demanded by the characteristics of the video sequence to be processed, avoiding the waste or the lack of resources in case these requirements become less or more demanding, respectively. These characteristics, together with the utilization of AMBA AXI standard interfaces, definitely convert our architecture into a proper IP module ready to be integrated in a SVC-based video compression system-on-a-chip (SoC).


Strain measurement because of its many advantages is applied more and more widely in the field of reliability of electronic products, but the type of resistance strain gauges many different features that users find it is difficult to find the strain gauge which can meet their own measurement purposes and measurement environment. In this paper, the choice of method bases on the strain gauge types, sensitive gate materials, substrate materials, resistance value, size, structure-sensitive gate and test temperature and so on throughout the volume considered in combination with strain gauge manufacturers strain gauge number coding system can quickly find a suitable printed circuit board strain measurement with strain gauge, while for the vast majority of electronics manufacturers do not have the professional equipment for strain gauge test reality, to introduce a set of simple and practical calibration tool for strain gauge, and through two examples to prove that the calibration method feasibility.


In recent years there has been a greater appreciation of the relationship between the quality of patient care and styles of management in hospitals. For instance, in general hospitals the effectiveness of medical interns, especially in communicating with other medical personnel and with patients, may be reduced when the supervising physician keeps a tight rein on all decision-making on the ward (4). Similarly, in psychiatric facilities for children consistent relationships have recently been found between the behaviour of administrators and supervisors their ability to delegate authority, to consult, and to trust front-line staff and the ability and motivation of the front-line staff to sustain therapeutic relationships with the children (1). How authority relations affect the quality of care in the residential treatment of emotionally disturbed children is of particular concern to the authors. Here, successful outcomes depend mostly on the quality of the relationship between the patient and staff. In treatment programs based on milieu therapy, the staff who have the most intensive and therapeutically significant relationship with the patients are the nursing assistants and the child-care workers (7). Since the relationship


This study looks at the phenomenon of the sector of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a very strategic and important role that can be reviewed from various aspects. It takes the right concept to improve SMEs by implementing the Kaizen Concept (5s) which is a concept already used by big companies. This research is conducted to know the effect of Kaizen Concept on Improving Competitiveness of SMEs. The study used primary data with the dissemination of research questionnaires. Respondents of this research are all SMEs in North Jakarta. The results of this study explain that Aspect Seiri (compact) (X1) has a significant influence on Competitiveness of SMEs (Y). Seiton (Rapi) (X2) has a significant effect on the competitiveness of SMEs in North Jakarta, Seiso Aspect (Resik) (X3) has a significant effect on SME Competitiveness (Y) in North Jakarta. Respondents perceive Seiso (Resik) that belongs quite high. Seiso contribution (Resik) to SME's Competitiveness is explained by 35.7%. Seiketsu aspect (Rawat) (X4) gives a significant influence to SME Competitiveness (Y) in North Jakarta. This means that the better Seiketsu (Rawat) (X4) it will be good also Competitiveness of SMEs (Y) in North Jakarta. The Shitsuke (Rajin) aspect is not significant in influencing the Competitiveness of SMEs in North Jakarta. Simultaneously, Seiri variables, Seiton (Rapi), Seiso (Resik), Seiketsu (Rawat), Shitsuke (Rajin), show a positive and significant impact on SME Competitiveness. Keywords: Kaizen (5s), Competitiveness, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)


This study applied Wixon and Todd [34]'s integrated model of user satisfaction and technology acceptance on ERP Implementation. The survey data from 266 ERP users were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The integrated model empirically provides the conceptual understanding of the difference between object-based beliefs and attitudes and behavioral beliefs and attitudes toward use.


This paper deals with the human talent as the fundamental basis of the functioning of organizations like the importance of having a clear and rooted in the organizational culture in the organization. Likewise strategies are generated to improve employee performance based on organizational culture, sense of belonging and different motivational factors that may contribute to the development of organizational objectives more efficiently and effectively, resulting in a better image organizations to clients-citizens.


This paper provides insights on a hybrid learning model for multimedia learning design conceptualized from the Piagetian science learning cycle model and the Kolb's experiential learning model. This model represents learning as a cognitive process in a cycle of four phases, namely, Translating, Sculpting, Operationalizing, and Integrating and is intended to address both concept learning and learning style inclinations. Pedagogical principles of the model are applied to develop an e-learning product for multimedia learning in chemical education in a postgraduate teacher-training program using the Mole, an abstract and complex concept as an example. Instructional storyboarding is provided to illustrate some of the processes elicited, for example, thinking skills and self-questioning. The science of instruction in multimedia learning design principles, for example, principles of contiguity, modality, redundancy, personalization and coherence, is also discussed.


portant work in Archaeology done in 1896 north of the Balkan-AlpsPyrenees was the tracing of the Romano-Germanic limes (see Arch. Anz. 1896, pp. 175 ff.). The additions to the West German museums of antiquities and the discoveries in the regions they control were of the most varied character (see Arch. Anz. 1897, pp. 8 ff.). In France, the reliefs of a Roman building with a Gigantomachia were found in Yzeures, near La Roche-Posay (Indre et Loire); see below, p. 368. The French carried on work in Roman Africa, and where the object was a practical one, as in regard to the ancient water-supply, the French army assisted. In the report of Gsell, there are mentioned among the finds, a fountain-figure of a satyr, found at the ancient Thysdrus; mosaics, at Hadrumetum; portrait-heads of Juba (?) and of his successor Ptolemy, at Caesarea; a Christian crypt, under the hill of Byrsa at Carthage. The large work of Cagnat-Boeswillwald, on Timgad, the " African Pompeii," appeared in 1896.


Taking into account emerging fundamental challenges to the food security such as climate change and population growth, a number of countries has started to implement into practice two alternative ways to the agricultural production, that are technologically opposed to each other, but jointly they are forming alternative approaches to the conventional agriculture. First of them is based on the genetic engineering and creation genetic modified organisms (GMO), and the second one – on organic production technologies. The article considers international experiences of the implementation of these two approaches, their effects in socio-economic dimensions and impact on the food security and the food safety. Basing on assessment of examples of the implementation of modern approaches in agriculture in international practice, the article provides suggestions on possible stategrade actions that can be considered for insuring the development of organic agriculture as an important prerequisite of the food security and the food safety in the future.


The article examines some aspects of building global value chains between Russia and Belarus in the new geopolitical conditions, indicating their impact on the human capital of both countries. The relevance of the topic at the moment is high, as the difficult geopolitical situation persists and even develops. The key reason is the sanctions constantly imposed by Europe and the US against the Russian Federation and its allies, for example, Belarus, which especially fully supports our country in this difficult period. The number of already existing numerous sanctions imposed on both countries under study is constantly growing, which has already led to the destruction of many global value chains. Under these conditions, Russia and Belarus have no choice, they begin to create their own new global value chains among themselves. At the same time, cooperation with other countries is not being eliminated, many allies of Belarus and Russia, for example, China and India, only increase the number of ties between the countries. This situation creates in Belarus a desire to diversify its global value chains, which directly led to the formation of a diversification policy that implies a decrease in trade with the Russian Federation in favor of other states. Belarus needs to decide whether this redistribution is necessary, whether it will bring more benefits than negative aspects. The aim of the work is to identify new global value chains that have formed or may form between Russia and Belarus in the new geopolitical conditions. To do this, the following research objectives are set: (1) to identify global value chains that existed before the situation under study, that is, before the change in geopolitics; (2) to consider the actions that led to the creation of new global value chains, to study their consequences; (3) to study the impact of new global value chains on the human capital of Russia and Belarus. The following research methods are applied in the study: description, synthesis, generalization, statistical analysis, comparative analysis, induction, and deduction. The result of the syudy is the identification of new value chains that have been formed, liquidated, and become promising for Russia and Belarus. As a result of the study, a conclusion is made about the need to continue the economic integration of Russia and Belarus for the full implementation of all possible new global value chains. The author has found that the economic risks for Belarus with the full implementation of the diversification program are too great, despite the awareness of the reasons for the program's occurrence. In the current situation, only the union of the two countries under study guarantees their development in the economic and social direction.


This Study suggests incarnational characteristics of the place authenticity based on the co-relationship between various expressions of placenesses in contemporary architecture and the concepts on authenticity in field of philosophy. What this study observes are the conditions of authenticity related to experiences and creativeness of spaces which are not expressed as a pure and simple shape but evolved as various patterns. Thus this study has an aim to patternize of tangible characteristics that are not analyzed systematically until now even though it can be more important subject in architectural discussions. The results of analyze are such as a value of everyday-ness, memorial durability, site-specificity, aesthetics, participation design, sociopetal space, cultural vernacular. Each characteristic is subdivided by same analyzing tools of symbolic issue, design strategy, considerations, building image as well. These characteristics can be clues to expand of limitation that the third world's discussion on placenesses and the second study henceforth will be on concrete design strategies were not studied in this study.


The multi-task specialty in the logistics outsourcing is analyzed,and optimal contract design is probed by using multi-task agent model. The conclusion shows that the level of logistics being observed and the relationship among logistics task are critical to the contract design.Based on the conclusion,several proposals are given,such as planning KPI,combining objective check with subjective check,and establishing long term partnership between the two parties.


Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest fatality rates of all diseases, but poor drug availability after intravenous (IV) administration has hindered the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Herein, the authors report a novel strategy, combining intraperitoneal administration and phosphatidylcholine‐camouflaged NaLuF4:Yb,Tm/NaLuF4/NaDyF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP@PC) to gain the enhanced dual‐modal imaging (upconversion luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging) of orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Remarkably, the authors observe a 16‐fold improvement in the efficacy of utilization promoted intraperitoneally administered UCNP@PC in monitoring orthotopic pancreatic cancer compared with IV approach. Benefiting from modification with phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes, the optimized nanostructures show excellent biocompatibility and are rapidly excreted via the bile pathway after their intraperitoneal administration. The integration of the advanced design of UCNP@PC and the optimal drug administration route also give a general strategy for the advanced diagnosis and treatment of a series of intraperitoneal cancers.


Abstract. The use of improved biofertilisers such as rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in legume crops is a promising technology that can be an alternative source of nitrogen and phosphorus. A common problem when growing faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and other leguminous plants is the low efficiency of native rhizobial strains. Consequently, there is a need to search for efficient nitrogen-fixing inoculant strains able to increase crop productivity. This study aimed to test the effects of single and dual inoculation with Rhizobium laguerreae and AMF on the growth and yield of faba bean plants. Several parameters were evaluated at flowering stage (number of flowers, stems and leaves, shoot and root biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio, and gas-exchange parameters) and at harvesting stage (number and weight of pods and seeds). Plants receiving single inoculation with Rhizobium laguerreae showed a significant increase in number of leaves, leaf area, leaf mass per area and leaf area ratio, as well as in all yield parameters. Single inoculation with AMF also significantly increased the yield parameters of faba bean plants. Co-inoculation presented significant improvements in leaf area ratio and in all productivity parameters compared with the control, but co-inoculation was not significantly different from the individual inoculations.


The AQUAmark 200® device is used to reduce the incidental by-catch of small cetaceans in fishing gear. Little information is known about the signal features of this system despite the fact that such knowledge is important to evaluate its efficiency. The AQUAmark 200 device emits eight different signals composed of one fundamental and several others harmonics with energy in the 5-160 kHz band. The mathematical equation of the temporal evolution of the frequency of each signal has been determined by the authors, and the resulting function has been used to build the six nonconstant evolutions.


The incorporation of social media into educational work is an unavoidable task which must necessarily be accompanied by a social and political analysis of the role that these networks has in regards to citizenship, whilst avoiding idealised concepts. We also propose to exploit the potential of social media to recreate classic pedagogical approaches in three areas: the area of communication and development of interdisciplinary and collaborative projects, the production of messages and content by students, and the opening of educational processes to the social environment.


The rapid development of computer network technique makes network scale larger and larger,its application more and more complicated.Monitoring of network flowrate has became most important part of network application,which plays the role of network supervision,and has great significance in performance analysis,singularity and phase monitoring,volume program and load balance,etc..


This article investigates the effects of different gate sizes on the electrical characteristics of top-gate organic thin-film transistors. During electrical measurements, an abnormal phenomenon is observed. For a fixed channel length, the current increases with the increasing gate length. In narrow-gate channel devices, gates are used to control carriers of low current density through the side channel area. However, the wide-gate length devices can effectively reduce contact resistance and control large side channels. In this article, integrated systems engineering–technology computer-aided design (ISE-TCAD) simulations were performed for this device containing an active layer with gate cladding. The strength of the electric field extended to the surrounding channel, and the active layer was affected by the cross-wall electric field. The ON-current, under the action of the electric field, improved as the current density of the side channel increased.


Photometric consistency is a key measure in establishing correspondences among views of a scene in multiview stereo (MVS) surface reconstruction. The large correspondence ambiguity in photometric consistency led to the matching of local intensity patterns (e.g., using SIFT) as candidate corresponding keypoints (e.g., Harris corners) and this has formed a core technology for computing camera pose and for 3D reconstruction. The reconstruction in the form of an unorganized set of points and a resulting mesh is generally excellent for a texture-rich area but gaps remain in areas which lack features. Approaches for growing surface patches at 3D reconstruction points, such as PMVS, alleviate smaller gaps to the extent that surfaces can be extended. However, larger shaded areas lack features and this weakens the photometric consistency cue needed to establish dense correspondences. In this paper we introduce a novel constraint, differential photometric consistency, which constraints image gradients of one view from image gradients of two other views at the corresponding points. Similarly, image Hessians in one view are determined from image gradients and image Hessians in two other views. It is shown that these additional constraints reduce correspondences ambiguity and should lead to robust and more accurate reconstruction. In addition, we show how the differential geometry of a surface patch can be determined from image gradients at corresponding points from two views: (i) The surface normal is determined from image gradients in two views, and (ii) the second fundamental form of the surfaces can be determined from image Hessians in two views. This is largely a theoretical paper, but it is supported by some preliminary and illustrative experiments.


Includes: Golden, Katherine E. Device for Supporting a Pasteur Flask. Golden, Katherine E. Notes on the Microscopic Structure of Woods. Golden, Katherine E. Movement of Protoplasm in the Hyphae of a Mould.


The influence of erttle gr8zing on selected veget8tion 8nd soil p8rrmeters were eV8lU8ted on 8 clay Bat range site with shrub zon81, midgrass, and shortgr8ss communities in the Rolling Plrins ne8r Throckmorton, Texur. Measurements were mide on one prsture of each trertment during 1977 following 4 to 20 yerrs of gr8zbtg tre8tments. He8vy, continuous c8ttie yaxing hrd more 8re8 occupied by the shortgr8ss community th8n midgrass community. He8vily gnzed pastures were genenlly dominrted by the shortgrass community, with midgmsses, depending on the degree of utilization, restricted to the shrub zonal community. Conversely, cattle exclosures h8d no shortgrass community, 8nd deferredrotrtion and moderrtely stocked continuously grazed systems hrd much midgrass community with the shortgross community occup ylng only 30% of the area, thus increasing mnge productivity. Veget8tion 8nd soil parameters within the high intensity, low frequency md heavily stocked, continuously gr8xed prstures tended to be similar for the midgrass 8nd shortgmss communities, but the shrub zonal community was generally different. Vegetation md soil parameters in the midgrass community of the moderrrtely stocked, continuously grazed treatment were gener8lly simil8r to shrub zonnl 8nd different from shortgrass communities. Vegetation and soil Vlriables in the exclosures and deferred-rotation treatments were generally similrr among the midgrass md shrub zonal communities; however, they differed from the shortgr8ss communities.


The invention discloses an optimization method of an optical proximity correction rule, comprising the following steps of: providing a basic graphics unit; arranging and combining one or a plurality of basic graphics units of the same kind or different kinds, and acquiring a preliminary domain graphics; acquiring the target domain graphics according to the traditional correction rule, carrying out the optical proximity correction on each target domain graphics and acquiring a pattern to be corrected; and correcting the pattern to be corrected in the target domain graphics and storing the optimized correction rule. The invention provides a large number of patterns with variety and randomness by the preliminary domain graphics consisting of the basic graphics unit and acquires the set of the correction rule corresponding to various patterns based on the optical proximity correction of the preliminary domain graphics; therefore, the optimization of the traditional correction rule is realized, and the time and the labor in the actual correction course are greatly saved.


Intellectualising the power dynamics of midwifery and the interaction with our aligned professions has done little to clarify the position of the consultant midwife. However, one thing is clear, midwives are the only group of health professionals who are concerned with a physiological process. As such, we are set apart from our colleagues in nursing and medicine. This is evident in the different job descriptions in the first wave of nurse and consultant posts.


Hospital admission for COVID-19 remains common despite the successful development of vaccines and treatments. Thus, there is an ongoing need to identify targets for new COVID-19 therapies. Alternative splicing is an essential mechanism for generating functional diversity in protein isoforms and influences immune response to infection. However, the causal role of alternative splicing in COVID-19 severity and its potential therapeutic relevance is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the causal role of alternative splicing in COVID-19 severity and susceptibility using Mendelian randomization (MR). To do so, we performed two-sample MR to assess whether cis-sQTLs spanning 8,172 gene splicing in 5,295 genes were associated with COVID-19 outcomes in the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, including up to 158,840 COVID-19 cases and 2,782,977 population controls. We identified that alternative splicing in lungs, rather than total RNA expression of OAS1, ATP11A, DPP9 and NPNT, was associated with COVID-19 severity. MUC1 splicing was associated with COVID-19 susceptibility. Further colocalization analyses supported a shared genetic mechanism between COVID-19 severity with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at ATP11A and DPP9 loci, and with chronic obstructive lung diseases at NPNT. We lastly showed that ATP11A, DPP9, NPNT, and MUC1 were highly expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells, both in COVID-19 uninfected and infected samples. Taken together, these findings clarify the importance of alternative splicing of proteins in the lung for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, providing isoform-based targets for drug discovery.


Tilmicosin starch microsphere were synthesized with soluble starch as material and N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinking agent by using pack cementation method.The preparation process was optimized through the L9(34) orthogonal experimental design and regression analysis based on the evaluation indicators of the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency.Tilmicosin starch microsphere inclusion compound was characterized by laser particle analyzer,scan electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The results indicated the best technological conditions was that:the quantity of soluble starch,tilmicosin,N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide and surfactant was 4,0.02,0.95,0.75g respectively and the reacting time was 1h.Influence factors were the quantity of N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide,the quantity ratio of tilmicosin to soluble starch,the reacting time,the quantity of emulsifier in order.The drug loading and embedding ratio were respective 2.24% and 89.6% by optimizing conditions.The retarded release could be observed and this preparation method was reasonable and feasible.


Since 1990s, the supply of merchandise has been much more than the requirement in our country. The main reason is that(64 percents of the population)peasants' income was too low, which resultsed in demand insufficiency. Increasing peasants' income is an important problem to the relation between economic development and regime consolidation. So, adopting all kinds of measures to increase their income, lightening their burden and stimulating purchasing power of peasants are a key to expanding domestic demand.


Cisplatin has minimal antitumor activity when used as second‐ or third‐line treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. Older reports suggest an objective response rate of 8% when 60–120 mg/m2 of cisplatin is administered every 3–4 weeks. Although a dose–response effect has been observed with cisplatin, the dose‐limiting toxicities associated with cisplatin (e.g., nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity) have limited its use as a treatment for breast carcinoma. WR‐2721 or amifostine initially was developed to protect military personnel in the event of nuclear war. Amifostine subsequently was shown to protect normal tissues from the toxic effects of alkylating agents and cisplatin without decreasing the antitumor effect of the chemotherapy. Early trials of cisplatin and amifostine also suggested that the incidence and severity of cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuropathy were reduced.


A brief survey of the public relations industry is followed by an account of the specific applications of public relations to university libraries. The process begins with identification of the library′s aims and objectives and of its main client bodies. Discusses the full range of public relations skills, including interpersonal skills, service quality and library promotion by all means. Stresses the importance of public relations to a university library.


This paper describes an objective means of assessing the amount of voidage found within the curved surface of concrete core samples that has been developed by mechanically rolling core samples above a modified flatbed desktop scanner so as to align with the scanning charged coupled device illuminated cross-head. A freely distributed software program was used to process all images to determine percentage voidage and voidage size distribution among other attributes. This work shows that the size, shape and distribution of air voids and aggregate characteristics can be determined using core samples scanned over modified flatbed desktop scanners. A proprietary office desktop scanner with a resolution of 1200 dpi was used.


Electron energy loss spectroscopy provides a probe of the dielectric function of a material which can be affected by the size and morphology of a sample. In this paper, the effect on the loss function when hexagonal boron nitride is reduced to a single layer is investigated. The previously predicted red-shift of the spectrum is seen in experiment and reproduced by modelling using density functional theory. The dielectric function shows that, for a single layer, the lack of screening causes the real part of the dielectric function to tend to 1 so that the loss function resembles the imaginary part of the dielectric function.