Objective: To elucidate the protective effects of CNTF on the injury of primary cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons induced by corticosterone and its possible mechanism. Methods: Primary cultured hippocampal neurons, cell survival rate detection, TUNEL and immunocellular chemistry were all used to observe the effect of CNTF on cell death induced by corticosterone and its relation Bcl 2 and Bax. Results: Corticosterone decreased the survival rate of neurons dose dependently ( P 0.01). Twenty four hours after administration of 1×10 -7 mol/L corticosterone, about 45 percent of hippocampal neurons were dead, TUNEL positive cells and the necrosis cells were increased, Bcl 2 immunocellular chemistry positive cells decreased and the Bax immuncellular chemistry positive cells increased. CNTF blocked the effects of corticosterone. Conclusion: The apoptosis and necrosis both participate in the injury of neurons induced by corticosterone. Administration of exogenous CNTF reverses these processes. This effect of CNTF may be due to its ability to up regulate Bcl 2 and down regulate Bax.


Viral Cancer is one of leading cause of death worldwide. Viral cancers included liver cancer, anal cancer, oral, neck and head cancer etc. World health organization stated that 11.9% of human cancer is caused by one of the seven viruses. In most developed countries of world, viral cancer is big issue; however, notable improvements have been made in development of medical treatment and early detection of the disease over the last thirty years and surviving rate of the patients have been improved. Herbal medicine consists of plant extract or different mixtures of plant extract to cure disease and promote better health. Herbal drugs from natural compounds are preferred than allopathic due to their less side effects. Here attempt has been made to compile the medicinal plants having antiviral cancer activity. The bibliographic study is carried out to collect the material from internet source, review papers, text books and from original research papers. Many medicinal plants and their isolated compounds have been evaluated against viral cancers such as Artemisinin from Artemisia annua, Berberine from Coptidis rhizoma, Curcumin from Curcuma longa, Gambojic acid from Garcinia hanburyi and Geinstein from Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides etc. The present literature will play essential role in the search of novel compounds for viral cancer treatment and further studies should be carried out on the mentioned medicinal plants.


In his pioneering 1952 paper, "The chemical basis of morphogenesis", Alan Turing introduced, perhaps for the first time, a model of the morphogenesis of embryo development. Central to his theory is the concept of cells with chemical entities that interact with morphogens to drive embryonic development through changes in what he termed 'the state of the system'. Turing's concepts have inspired many mathematical and computational models proposed since then. Here we discuss the way Turing's ideas inspired our approach to the state-based modeling of morphogenesis, which results in a fully executable program for the interactions between chemical entities and morphogens. As a representative example we describe our modeling of pancreatic organogenesis, a complex developmental process that develops from a flat sheet of cells into a 3D cauliflower-like shape. We show how we constructed the model and tested the relations between morphogens and cells, and illustrate the analysis of the model against experimental data. Finally, we discuss a variant of the original Turing-Test for a machine's ability to demonstrate intelligence as a future means to validate computerized biological models, like the one presented here.


Supernumerary teeth are developmental anomalies of number observed during routine dental examination. Mesiodens is the most common supernumerary teeth located mainly in maxillary central incisor region but rare in mandible. Also, agenesis of bilateral mandibular central incisors is not well documented in the literature. The aim of this paper is to report of a rare association of mandibular mesiodens with congenitally absent permanent central incisors. This is only the second case report of such an association in the literature.


http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/2/122 available online at The full text of this article, along with updated information and services is References http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/2/122#BIBL This article cites 17 references, 5 of which can be accessed free at Reprints http://www.oxfordjournals.org/corporate_services/reprints.html Reprints of this article can be ordered at Email and RSS alerting http://heapro.oxfordjournals.org Sign up for email alerts, and subscribe to this journal's RSS feeds at


The purpose of this article is presentation of examinations results at creating the system supporting the officers' examination and the Police employees and other services responsible for internal safety of the State. System SINDBAD (Information System for Research and Decision Analysis) will be built basing on detailed analysis of future employees' needs and will be equipped with creating and examinations management modules, legal acts consultations, analysis of crisis situations and statistical analyses. The system will enable maximum anonymity of speech and securing against access of unauthorized people. The described examinations are conducted within the Project "Construction of IT system supporting the Communications in the Police and in dependent forces MSW in aspect of internal safety, Nr DOB-BIO7/03/01/2015 co-financed by National Research and Development Centre in Warsaw. The result of the Project will be among others anonymous IT module platform serving as collection and analysis of data enabling monitoring of problematic areas and planning intervention on the level of organization in order to ensure internal security, including organizational-technical solutions ensuring anonymity of involved people. Therefore, the presentation of detailed analysis will be possible after completion of the project - at the beginning of the year of 2018. As of now, we can only show partial results and the comprehensive analysis will be available when the project is finished.


Subjective quality evaluation is the basis of quality evaluation of stereoscopic images. As the lack of a public and diverse testing database currently, in this paper, a symmetric stereoscopic images database is built. And then the subjective quality of stereoscopic images is analyzed from two aspects, one is the effects of JPEG, JPEG2000, H.264. The other is the comparisons between symmetric and asymmetric stereoscopic images from Gaussian blurring, white Gaussian noise, JPEG and JPEG2000, respectively. The results show three compressions are quite different in the subjective quality of symmetric stereoscopic images at different bitrates, and the comparisons between symmetric and asymmetric stereoscopic images investigate the properties of binocular fusion, binocular suppression, and binocular summation.


In recent years, as the need of counter terrorism and security, countries have increased investment in the security field and human identification is the core issue of security. This paper use Perceptron Algorithm Method to verify human face with the ORL face database. The results show that when no fresh face appears, the accuracy rate is 99.67% and decreases to 98.14% with fresh face. Later, its performance in reality is tested by importing a new class from the camera. The result is 7 (of 10) photos is verified correctly and 3(of 10) can not judge (no wrong verified).


Revenue Malmquist Index explains change of Revenue productivity of Decision Making Units (DMUs) in two periods. The Trade Offs approach is an advanced tool for the improvement of the discrimination of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. They used CRS models in DEA for computing this index, since the convexity assumption is strong condition for computing, so for solving this problem in this paper we use Free Disposal Hull (FDH) models in DEA for computing Meta Revenue Malmquist Index. Also In this paper Revenue Malmquist Index is evaluated considering in fact that relative importance of inputs and outputs in different periods are different. In the papers concerning Revenue Malmquist Index this fact is not considered, which is very important from managerial point of you.


The paper presents an assessment on the stab ility of Karst terrain in Laxian No.2 bridge at K120+480 of Hechi (Shuiren) to N anning Highway. With the engineering practice as an example,the paper concludes that it is feasible and reliable to do the stability assessment for Karst terra in by means of qualitative and quantitative method. It provides reference for si milar works.


"Bulgaria on three seas" is a commonly used phrase in Bulgaria. It is used on national celebration days, around government election days, in populist campaigns, on TV shows, on social media, at folkloric concerts and gatherings and in simple everyday conversations. The phrase signifies a specific golden century of Bulgarian history characterized by the fact that Bulgaria reaches the Black, White and Adriatic seas. Today, the phrase is regularly used by Bulgarians when they talk about their country. This glorious time is also used as part of the political and public rhetoric where ideology has nationalistic character. It is present during political public debates about the country's reactions to both its past and its future. The phrase "Bulgaria on three seas" lifts the national spirit during moments of struggle. And all that raises questions about why Bulgarians constantly refer to this part of their history and what this regressive behavior demonstrates. This article aims to provide a psychological explanation, combining the concepts of regression (going back to the past), denial of the present and national inferiority complex (perceived helplessness and weakness) in order to analyze how a nation could respond to its own feelings of national group inferiority. It explains how regression is a response to one's own feelings of inferiority and it contributes to the studies of large‐group psychology established by Vamik Volkan by offering an alternative explanation. The work demonstrates that regression is the Bulgarian way of dealing with its own inferiority complexes when in denial about what is happening in the present. This takes place when group identity (or an aspect of it) is questioned. The article also provides a pathway to further exploration of how other nations deal with similar experiences.


Introduction: Martian dune slipface features occur at all latitudes where dunes are present. Previous work has classified these slipface features into nine different classes based on combinations of alcoves, channels, fans, and slope streaks that were observed during a global survey of dune fields [1]. Slipface feature classes include: alcoves, channels, and fans (ACF); alcoves and channels (AC); alcoves and fans (AF); alcoves (A); channels (C); slope streaks (SS), slope streaks with alcoves (SSA), north polar region (NPR); and no slipface features. Formation mechanisms include CO2 frost sublimation, dry mass movement, and melting of water ice. Class AC most likely forms from CO2 frost sublimation [1][2][3], class AF from dry grain flow oversteepening [1][4][5][6], and class ACF from CO2 flow creating a lubricated flow down the slipface [1][7] In order to further constrain slipface feature formation mechanisms, we studied the mineralogy and morphology of these dune fields to determine whether a genetic relationship is present between the two. Studying the mineralogy could give insight as to the formation and evolution of the stated classifications. If present, this could tell us more about where the source of the sand is located, how dunes migrate across the surface, if aqueous processes are affecting mineralogy/morphology, and how or if dunes are modified after impact events or other localized events (i.e. glaciation, gully formations, etc.).


Building façades must endure severe climatic exposure throughout their lifetimes. To prevent damage and expensive repairs, ageing tests are used in durability assessments. The NT Build 495 describes an artificial ageing procedure to address building material and component resistance to ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, water, and frost using a climate simulator. The test has been used for decades to investigate exterior surface materials and façade products but has only recently been adopted for multi-layered systems. This study investigates moisture accumulation in a façade system for retrofitting based on concrete and thermal insulation. Hygrothermal simulations of the façade system subjected to ageing were conducted. Moisture accumulation was considered theoretically for the current test procedure and compared to a modified setup in which the interior climate was controlled at 21 °C. Physical measurements were performed in the climate simulator to determine the boundary conditions. Results showed that moisture accumulation in the thermal insulation was largely affected by the type of concrete, that applying a water-repellent surface treatment reduced moisture accumulation, and that the current setup resulted in less moisture accumulation compared to the modified setup. The latter implicates accelerated degradation with the modified setup.


Extracts of the leaves and roots from the tree Artocarpus tonkinensis A Cheval (family Moraceae) are used in traditional Vietnamese medicine in order to treat backache as well as rheumatic joint diseases. We prepared an ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract from this plant and tested its anti‐inflammatory properties in an experimental arthritis model, collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was induced in Dark Agouti rats by means of immunization with collagen type II (CII) emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Starting at the day of immunization, the rats were treated daily with intraperitoneal injections of Artocarpus extract. Arthritis progression was measured by means of clinical scoring of paws and anti‐CII antibody titres were measured by means of ELISA. In vitro, lymph node (LN) cell cultures were treated with Artocarpus extract and the apoptosis‐inducing effect was determined with FACS staining by using annexin V and propidium iodide as well as the TUNEL method. Treatment of the rats with Artocarpus extract decreased arthritis incidence and severity and delayed disease onset. When treatment was started after the onset of arthritis, a tendency towards arthritis amelioration was observed. In vitro, Artocarpus extract acted as a T‐cell modulator, inhibiting mitogen‐induced T‐cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis of activated LN‐derived lymphocytes. Thus, we have demonstrated that an EtOAc extract of Artocarpus, a plant traditionally used in Vietnamese folk medicine for treating arthritic conditions, has beneficial effects in an experimental arthritis model. This effect is likely to be T cell‐dependent and mediated through apoptosis induction in activated cells.


Labeled red blood cells (RBCs) have already been proven useful in the detection and localization of many vascular abnormalities. One such abnormality is that of a cavernous hemangioma. Cavernous hemangiomas have a distinct circulation and have been found in many areas of the body. The ability to utilize this unique circulation is important to consider when choosing a diagnostic exam. This paper reports a case demonstrating the usefulness of labeled red blood cells for the detection and localization of cavernous hemangioma of the bone. A 31-yr-old female present with a history of persistent generalized headaches for many years. About 1 yr prior to the exam, she noticed that her headaches had become more localized to the right side of her head. Physical examination revealed a palpable lump developing on the right side of her head which was sensitive to the touch. The patient was then scheduled for a CT scan to be followed by both a bone scan and a /sup 99m/Tc blood-pool scan. A flow study using 15 mCi /sup 99m/Tc labeled RBCs was performed in the right lateral position at 1.5 sec/frame for 32 frames. Immediate blood-pool images 30-min, and 1-hr delayed images were recorded.


Rapidly discriminating potential threat in crowd scenarios from a long distance at an early stage is much helpful to avoid damage to public. Utilizing depolarization effect of different targets, a portable 0.14THz radar prototype is developed to detect the concealed body-worn weapons. This paper illustrates the schematic of system and proposes a fast algorithm to verify the performance. The prototype used a linear frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveform with a sweep range from 134.4GHz to 138.4GHz and the sweep pulse width of 100us. The signal is transmitted by one horizontal antenna and received by two antennas, one of which is horizontal polarization and the other is vertical. The experiments results show that the developed prototype could detect the metal gun and improvised explosive devices successfully. The performance could be improved by tuning detection parameters and increasing the antenna aperture potentially as well.


The molecular network theory due to Yamamoto has been considered, and the effect of modeling the network segments as non‐Gaussian chains has been investigated. By using a non‐Gaussian free energy expression for the entanglement creation function and a constant breakage function, one finds that the resulting material functions will depend on the number of subunits in the network segments. For short segments, an initial increase with shear rate occurs in the viscosity, which can be attributed to the increased energy of dissipation during their deformation by the applied flow field. Introduction of a slip coefficient to remove the affine deformation assumption results in shear thinning behavior, which becomes more pronounced for long polymer segments. Depending on the network segment length and the slip coefficient, it is shown that our choice of entanglement creation and destruction functions leads to the results of Lodge's theory for affine non‐Gaussian chains on one hand, and to Fuller and Leal's predictions for non‐affine Gaussian chains on the other.


II Summary Digital communication and storage of image data is a difficult task due to the sheer volume of digital data required to accurately describe a single frame of an image. In video, the amount of data is exorbitant, and image/video coding seeks to make the communication and storage image data manageable. Communication resources, for example, have limited bandwidth, and this is especially true in wireless communication media. There are tradeoffs in image data coding, so reducing the size of the data should not, for example, degrade the image quality beyond an acceptable metric. Also, the computational cost and speed must be managed, especially in devices where computational resources and power resources are to be conserved. Wireless handsets present an example of a difficult environment for implementation of video data communications. This thesis is divided in two parts, and the main purpose is to find solutions for low complexity video coding schemes. In the first part the desing of a low– complexity, non standard video codec is described. The obtained codec has been demonstrated to be suitable for symmetrical communication schemes, where the complexity need to be splitted equally between the encoder and the decoder. The obtained scheme has been implemented in software to test performance. The resulting overall energy/frame requirement is lower then existing low complexity standard codecs, while visual quality is reasonable acceptable. In the proposed coding scheme a motion estimation engine based on Fourier transform's phase correlation is employed. In the second part of this work the design of an hardware coprocessor for motion III estimation is described, suitable for the acceleration of the former proposed video coder. Phase correlation based motion estimation is currently used in high complexity apparatus for High Definition TV (HDTV), and its employment in video compression schemes is a quite unexplored field. The main effort has been directed to find an efficient way to implement in hardware the vector normalization block which is one of the main computational task in this motion estimation method. Different solutions are presented, and post–synthesys VLSI implementation results are shown in order to find the best throughput/energy tradeoff. Obtained estimations on the designed block show an energy saving of more than 50% if compared with other implementations in the literature.


Objective: to reflect on the contributions that bioethics in dialogue with Human Rights can perform comprehensive training for professionals in the area of health in Colombia. Methodology: qualitative study of hermeneutical character developed in two phases, a heuristic and a systematization and analysis of information. Results: Bioethics is a field under construction in principle seated in the medical field, where it cultivates as the new biomedical ethics. Bioethics promotes various methods to reach pragmatic agreements or consensus to dilemmatic situations


The issue of the breast feeding has been in existence since the moment of appearance of a man on earth. Breast milk has a unique composition and ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The nature created a balanced and optimal product containing necessary elements for growth and intellectual development of a child. The breast milk contains a great amount of anti-infection factors protecting the child from the infectious and inflammatory diseases helping to adapt in the aggressive microbe world. It's primarily ensured by A class immunoglobulin, lysozyme, bifidum-factor. Proteins, fats and carbohydrates making up the composition of the breast milk to a full degree cover the child's energy demand required for growth of a healthy child. A microelement and vitamin complex completely covers the daily demand for correct exchange processes in the organism of the growing child.


Probability and statistic is an applied discipline with unique ways of thinking.This article will mainly emphasize on some understandings gained during the long duration of teaching practice,in the aim of cultivating in students' thinking ability in Probability and Statistic,reinforcing their awareness of mathematical modeling and diversifying the teaching methods.


The objective of this study was to compare ovarian dynamics of Indubrasil cows submitted to grazing or confinement regimes. Follicular growth was monitored daily starting at estrus during two consecutive estrous cycles in seven adult non-lactating Indubrasil cows with body score 4 (classification 1 to 5), in 2x7 experiment. The first evaluation was in the grazing regime, when animals were kept in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu intercropped with Leucaena leococephala, with water and mineral salt ad libitum. The second evaluation was performed during the following estrous cycle when animals were submitted to the confinement regime, and fed with corn silage, proteinated mineral salt and water ad libitum. An ultrasound HS 1500 (Honda®, Japan) equipped with a linear 7.5 MHZ probe was used to assess follicle and luteal dynamics. Data were recorded according to the day of the cycle and are presented as means ± standard deviation. Means were compared by T Tests and differences considered significant when P<0.05. The duration of the first estrous was 20±1.6 and 21±1.22 days for grazing and confined animals, respectively. The number of follicular waves was 2±0.49 and 3±0.40 and their duration was 9±1.99 and 9±1.65 days, for grazing and confined animals, respectively. The maximum diameter of the ovulatory follicle was larger in confined (15±0.51mm; p <0.05) than grazing animals (13±0.87mm). For subordinate follicles, the maximum diameter was 9±1.13mm and 9±0.82mm for grazing and confined animals, respectively. The dominant follicle persisted for 7±1.41 and 6±0.82 days in grazing and confined animals, respectively. Finally, the persistence of the corpus luteum was 14±1.59 and 15±1.06 days for grazing and confined animals, respectively. These data suggest that diet influences growth rate and size of the ovulatory follicle in Indubrasil cows. We speculate that greater dry matter intake in the confinement regime may have promoted an increase in the metabolism of steroid hormones, influencing dominant follicle growth. This abstract describes for the first time follicle dynamics in Indubrasil cows, which was found to be very similar to other Bos indicus breeds.


for their 'denigration of Tanzanian national culture' (p. ). But precisely who feels this way goes unaddressed. Instead, Schroeder generalises the complaints of what seems to be one particular social stratum – writers and anonymised interlocutors who appear largely composed of middle-class, ujamaa-admiring professionals – as the view of 'the nation'. Or at least that is this reader's impression, as there is little sociological characterisation in how the book presents its various Tanzanian voices. The book's most surprising omission is a full discussion of the Tanzanian political leaders who have not only allowed but actively solicited South African businesses, and whose subsequent admonitions against abusive business practices have been notably soft and ineffective. Instead, the author offers a tendentious dichotomy between righteous critics who maintain the legacy of the anti-apartheid struggle and 'seek to uphold the moral legacies of Nyerere against those who have abandoned socialist precepts in the interests of pursuing private gain' (p. ), which does little to illuminate the political complexity of contemporary Tanzania. The story of post-apartheid South Africa's northward expansion warrants further scholarly attention, and this eminently readable book provides an important national case study on which others will build. Yet the reader may also wonder just how representative or proportionally significant the story of South Africa is, compared with other prominent and disruptive foreign investors – particularly China, which has recently become Tanzania's largest trading partner and capital investor. How distinctive the South African expatriate experience and interaction with Tanzanians is from that of other swelling expatriate communities, and to what extent that experience continues to be defined by apartheid's burdensome legacy, remain fruitful questions for future research.


It is a fact—striking though sad—that more cases of morphinism are met with among medical men than in all other professions combined. It is too true that a very large proportion of cases in general are found in our own fraternity. In a paper, "Opium Addiction among Medical Men," presented in the Medical Record , eleven years ago—June 9, 1883, reference was made to the dismissal within a week of a half dozen doctors recovered from this disease, and attention called to the surprising frequency with which it occurs in this particular class. Another decade of professional work exclusively given to the betterment of such patients has brought no decrease in this number; indeed the reverse has quite steadily obtained, so that in a paper, "The Ethics of Opium Habitues," Medical and Surgical Reporter , Sept. 8, 1888, in a resume of 300 cases, we noted 118 doctors, and of 125 most


Leucine amino peptidases (LAP; EC 126.96.36.199) constitute a diverse set of exopeptidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of leucine residues from the amino-terminal of protein or peptide substrates, (LAP) are present in animals, plants, and microbes. In this study, leucine amino peptidase was purified partial from Arachis hypogaea seeds by using gel filtration chromatography Sephadex G-100. The enzyme was purified 3.965 fold with a recovery of 29.4%. Its pH and temperature optimum were(8.7) and (37oC), respectively. The results show novel properties of LAP from Arachis hypogaea L. or peanut. The Km value for LAP (77 mM), with V max (1538 m mole min-1). We recommend a separate isoenzymeof the enzyme (LAP) from Arachis hypogaea on L. peanut seeds and study the kinetic qualities of each of them Keyword: Leucine amion peptidase (LAP), Arachis hypoaea L. seeds, Purification.


Bleeding in the latency period before obliteration considerably worsens the prognosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Bleeding risk should be considered and total obliteration should performed as early as possible. In this study we investigated factors related to early obliteration following Gamma Knife radiosurgery and proposed a grading system for AVMs. Forty-six patients with cerebral AVMs followed angiographically within twelve months after Gamma Knife radiosurgery were analyzed. Four factors, volume, type (categorized by our own method), location, and marginal dose were found to be correlated with early obliteration rate. We scored these factors, and categorized the scores into a grade 0 to 6 Gamma Knife Score (GKS), and evaluated the obliteration rate of each grade. The total obliteration rate in twelve months according to grade was : grades 0 and 1, 61.9% grades 2 and 3, 36.0%, grades 4 and 5, 16.7%. AVMs with a low GKS (grades 0 and 1) had a high early obliteration rate and seemed suitable for Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Since early obliteration is difficult to obtain in the high grade group, endovascular surgery should be considered to reduce the GKS before Gamma Knife radiosurgery.


Computation is increasingly seen as a design material, finding its way into once mundane objects, surfaces and spaces. As such, demonstrations of the convergence of architectural elements and interactive systems are becoming commonplace in both research and industry. While eXtended Reality (XR) and projection mapping technologies seem to be ubiquitous in this field, shape-changing interfaces are under-represented. In this case study we explore the domain of shape-changing thresholds in the form of an interactive door panel. Corresponding to conditions of space occupancy, the design communicates through dynamic affordances and affordance elimination three ascribed social cues: entry invitation, entry permission, and entry prohibition. In a user evaluation study, all participants were able to correctly interpret the entry invitation and the entry prohibition cues. Based on our learnings and findings, we discuss aspects of our design and implications of shape-changing doors.


As a solid waste, the synthesis of α-Fe2O3 from iron sludge remains a challenge. In this experiment, α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method using iron sludge as iron source, and the effects of reaction time and pH on the experimental results were studied. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, FT-IR and VSM analysis. The results show that the optimum synthesis time and pH are 6 h and 6 respectively. Under these conditions, the size of nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3 is about 80 nm. According to the hysteresis loop, the powder synthesized is a weak magnetic material, which has broad application prospects in high frequency electromagnetic materials.


The three-blade planetary mixer is one of the important solid propellant mixing equipment, the layout of blades will affect the blades' torque load and the power consumption. In this paper, the effects of the eccentric distance (Es=0∼16 mm), the solid blade form (two paddles, and four paddlers), and the blade arrangement (linear arrangement, triangle arrangement) on the blades' torque load are investigated during the mixer stirring the solid propellant process.


Introduction . There is a significant co-morbidity of somatic and mental disorders in patients treated by family
doctors and other specialists.
 Material and methods . The group of patients diagnosed according to ICD-10 as ,,neurotic, connected with
stress and somatoform disorders" were investigated at Neurotic Ward at Medical University in Gdansk in 2000-2003. Number of patients: 117. Average age: 39.9 ± 11.0 years. Women: 90 (76.9%), average age: 40.9 ± 10.8 years. Men: 27 (23.1%), average age: 36.2 ± 10.9 years.
 Results . The comorbid somatic disorders occured in 57 patients (48.1%). There were 41 women (45.6%) free from any
somatic disorders, 21 women (23.3%) had one somatic disorder, 14 women (15.6%) had two, 10 women (11.1%)
had three and 4 women had four or more comorbid somatic disorders. In the group of men, there were 19 patients
without any somatic disorders (70.4%), 4 patients (14.8) had one or two comorbid somatic disorders respectively.
 Conclusions . The incidence of comorbidity of neurotic and somatic disorders was not higher than in general
population of Poland. The most common comorbidity of neurotic nad somatic disorders was observed for neurological
and gastrointestinal disorders.


Colectomy in patients with adenomatous polyposis (AP) syndromes demands good oncological and surgical outcome. Total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (TC‐IRA) is one surgical option for these patients. Anastomotic leakage rates of 11% have been reported following TC‐IRA. Ileo‐distal sigmoid anastomosis (IDSA) is a recent modification of our practice. Our aim was to compare postoperative outcome in patients with AP following near‐total colectomy with IDSA (NT‐IDSA) and TC‐IRA at a single institution.


The reconnection process of magnetic fields in a plasma is analytically studied by perturbing the boundary conditions on a slab of incompressible plasma with a resonant surface inside. It is found, for small resistivity, that the reconnection takes place on an Alfven time scale and continues into a slow time scale t1=η1/3t. Both time scales are faster than the usual tearing time scale. Furthermore, the plasma evolves globally from its initial equilibrium on the slow time scale and settles down to a different final equilibrium.


PURPOSE: A non-pneumatic tire is provided to improve life time and durability of a tire through preventing the buckling of a web spoke. CONSTITUTION: A non-pneumatic tire(10) comprises a tread portion(11), a ring-shaped band portion(12), a wheel portion(14), and a plurality of spoke portions(15). The tread is grounded in the ground. The ring-shaped band portion supports the tread portion. The wheel portion is installed in the hub(13) of a vehicle. The spoke portions are installed between the wheel portion and ring-shaped band portion. The spoke portions are composed of a plurality of arch spoke portions(15a) and straight spoke portions(15b). The plurality of arch spoke portions are expanded in the outer circumference of the wheel portion. The straight spoke portions are connected between the inner circumference of the ring-shaped band portion and the outer circumference of an arch-shaped spoke portion.


Polyurethane is modified by grafting acylates. In the non toluene solvents, high quality and pollution free shoe adhesive is synthesized.


This paper studied the virtual campus 3d view.Solve three-dimensional panorama of the three major problems to solve:Fisheye photos of splicing and synthesis,panorama browser design,roaming system design.Based on the synthesis of space for navigation.though fisheye images of six sphere panorama generation method.To Changsha university of science and technology as an example,through the fisheye lens photography school gate,building,library,gymnasium and outdoor scene,3d panorama virtual campus,and live to provide users with a keyboard,mouse etc.Various controls and man-machine interactive mode.


Impact of plant extracts viz: Centaurium spicatum; Prunus laurocerasus; Pyracantha coccinea; Sorbus aucuparia as well as entomopathogenic fungi viz: Beauveria bassiana ; Metarhizium anisopliae and Verticilium lecanii as insecticide alternatives against the black fig fly, Lonchaea aristella Becker (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) was determined in both laboratory and field experiments. It can be concluded that treatments with plant extracts and entomopathogenic fungi have significant effect on the biology of this pest. Generally increased concentration decreased adult emergence; fecundity and egg hatchability percentage. C. spicatum 4% extracts has a highly significant affected on the duration of larval stage development then afterwards P. laurocerasus; P. coccinea and entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana,. Conventional chemical insecticides are usually sprayed against fig insect pest. So, heavy and frequent insecticide applications are needed for their control. This can lead to problems of toxic residues and pollution of the environment. Therefore, the present work aimed to avoid the overuse and misuse of conventional chemical insecticides as well as to investigate some save alternatives such as natural plant extracts and entomopathogenic fungi to reduce the level of L. aristella infestation in fig orchards consequently, increase the monetary value of yield. This may offer a reliable role in exploring integrated pest control programme in fig orchards.


Objective To clarify the role ofzonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and regulatory mechanism of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)to discuss the molecular mechanism of SAH-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Methods Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham-controlled, SAH, SAH+SP600125 (the inhibitor of JNK) and SAH+ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) groups. SAH models were induced by injection of autologous blood into the cisterna magna of rats, and they were subsequently sacrificed 24 h later. The brain water content was measured, and BBB disruption was evaluated by Evans blue dye;immunohistochemistry was employed to compare the expressions of ZO-1 and JNK. Results As compared with the sham-controlled group, the SAH group 24 h after the success of model making was detected a significant increase of water content, obviously increased Evans blue dye extravasation,especially in the brain stem and cerebellum (P〈0.05) and both structural damage and neuronal damage were noted; the mean optical density of immunohistochemistry showed a strong increase of JNK expression while a obvious decrease of ZO-1 expression was noted in the SAH group 24 h afar the success of model making (P〈0.05). Treatment with SP600125 could significantly reduce the water content, decrease the Evans blue dye extravasation, inhibit the JNK expression and increase the ZO-1expression as compared with those in the SAH and SAH+DMSO groups (P〈0.05), while no significant difference was noted as compared with those in the sham-controlled group (P〉0.05). Conclusion SAH activates the phosphorylation of JNK, and represses the transcription and translation of ZO-1,subsequently, opens the tight junction and causes brain edema by redistribution of transmembrane proteins and rearrangement ofcytoskeletal proteins, therefore, EBI appears. However, treatment with SP600125 can reverse the above-mentioned processes and improve the outcome of EBI.

Key words:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage;  Brain injury;  Zonula occludens-1;  c-Jun N-terminal kinase


Stratospheric ozone depletion has caused an increase in the amount of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation reaching the earth's surface. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that the effect of UV‐B enhancements on plants includes reduction in grain yield, alteration in species competition, susceptibility to disease and changes in plant structure and pigmentation. Many experiments examining UV‐B radiation effects on plants have been conducted in growth chambers or greenhouses. It has been questioned whether the effect of UV‐B radiation on plants can be extrapolated to field responses from indoor studies because of the unnaturally high ratios of UV‐B/ ultraviolet‐A radiation (320–400 nm) and UV‐B/photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in many indoor studies. Field studies on UV‐B radiation effect on plants have been recommended to use the UV and PAR irradiance provided by natural light. This study reports the growth and yield responses of a maize crop exposed to enhanced UV‐B radiation and the UV‐B effects on aize seed qualities under field conditions. Enhanced UV‐B radiation caused a significant reduction in the dry matter accumulation and the maize yield in turn was affected. With increased UV‐B radiation the flavonoid accumulation in maize leaves increased and the contents of chlorophyll a, b and (a+b) of maize leaves were reduced. The levels of protein, sugar and starch of maize seed decreased with enhanced UV‐B radiation, whereas the level of lysine increased with enhanced UV‐B radiation.


: The application of an acid‐stable mutein of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) called CS23 results in acceleration of ulcer healing. The modes by which this cytokine exerts these effects are not yet completely understood.


tag=1 data=Qantas towards the year 2000. by Bill Dix.

tag=2 data=Dix, Bill

tag=3 data=Canberra Survey.

tag=4 data=43

tag=5 data=18

tag=6 data=21 September 1990

tag=7 data=1-6.

tag=8 data=AVIATION-AIRLINES

tag=9 data=QANTAS

tag=10 data=Speech by Qantas chairman, Bill Dix at a Queensland tourism seminar in which he outlines Qantas' view of the development of overseas tourism.

tag=11 data=1990/2/10

tag=12 data=316

tag=13 data=CAB


The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of sports motivation to psychological well-being and life satisfaction in senior KLPGA players. One hundred fourteen senior KLPGA golfers were surveyed in this study and were sampled from the 2015 KLPGA senior tour. Sport motivation consisting three sub-scale based on Pelletier, et al.(1995) scale and psychological well-being consisting six sub-scale based on Ryff(1989) scale and Life Satisfaction based on Dinner(1984) scale were used. Data was analyzed with SPSS PC win 21.0 Version and cronbach"s αcoefficient was calculated for measuring internal consistency reliability. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship of sport participation motivation to psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Results were as follows; First, there were sport participation motivation revealed that intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, motiveless were positively correlated with psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Second, intrinsic motivation was statistically significant effect on autonomy and extrinsic motivation was statistically significant effect on environmental mastery, purpose in life and motiveless was statistically significant effect on purpose in life.


Face location in 3D space is a basic issue for gesture based human-computer interaction.This paper proposed a stereo vision based method.Firstly,adopted cascade based multi-feature fusion face detector to detect faces in two video streams separately.Secondly,used affine model based matching algorithm to align the detected faces.Finally,based on the intrinsic parameters and extrinsic parameters of the cameras,obtained the 3D position of the face through stereo vision.Experi-mental results show that the proposed method can achieve high precision with fast speed for the task of face location in 3D space.


The study aims to shed light on the role of hexagon fraud elements in presenting misleading financial data by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2018 and 2021. Purposive sampling was employed to compile information from 82 companies for this research. This study makes use of logistic regression analysis. Financial statement fraud was found to be influenced solely by arrogance as opposed to factors such as external pressure, director change, effective monitoring, rationalization, or conspiracy. Based on agency theory, it can explain how fraudulent financial statements occur so that companies and investors can be prevented later.


The preparation and properties of barbiturate‐ and thiobarbiturate‐ functionalized polystyrenes [(BAPS) & (TBAPS)] synthesized by the chemical modification of polystyrene homopolymer are discussed. The fluorescence emissions of the polymers are found to be dependent on the nature of the substituent, as well as its concentration and this is estimated as well. Fluorescence microscopic studies of BAPS and TBAPS in water indicated the formation of polymeric aggregates in a solution of about 5 µm. Surface tension measurements confirmed the formation of aggregated structures in aqueous solution. The polymers synthesized are observed to chelate a wide variety of metal ions, the % uptake of which is observed to increase with increasing mol% of the pendant functional groups.


The sugarbeet root maggot (SBRM), Tetanops myopaeformis von Roder (Diptera: Otitidae), is the major insect pest ofsugarbeet in the central and western United States and Canada and is capable of inflicting losses ranging from 10 to 100%. Currently, chemical insecticides are the only available measure for control of the maggot and a strong impetus exists for develop ment of alternative control measures. Insecticidal leaf extracts prepared from N. plumbaginifolia plants transformed with the cytokinin biosynthesis gene ipt (PI.. I1-ipt) were tested on the sugarbeet root maggot larvae. Exposure of first instar maggots to a 1 % suspension of the compounds in surface extracts of PI-I1-ipt plants induced an almost immediate, repetitive twitching and thrashing movement that was not detected when the larvae were placed in similarly prepared extracts from


The traditional tomography is an effective remedy for medical diagnostics, nondestructive control of industrial designs and for quality check of industrial products. Tomographic visualization of objects in case of an incomplete viewing angle, limited number of projections and/or the insufficient power of a source of x-ray radiation is strongly incorrect return task. Article is devoted to case research when noise in input data significantly affect convergence and quality of the reconstructed image.


In order to estimate left-ventricular output from the pulse-pressure and pressure-flow relationship during left-ventricular-assist-device (LVAD) pumping, three methods were compared. The first method is based on the aortic compliance, while the second and third methods are based on the peripheral vascular resistance and the aortic impedance, respectively. Prior to clinical application, these methods were evaluated in a mock circulatory loop. The in vitro study revealed that in comparison to the electromagnetic flowmetering the second and third methods yielded higher correlation coefficients than the first method, indicating that they are more suitable for practical application during LVAD pumping.<<ETX>>


Based on the analysis of the guiding significance of educational informatization in college English teaching practice, this paper attempts to construct the basic theory of informationized instructional design and propose the basic principles of college English informationized teaching design. We present the present situation and problems of college English informatization. This study reveals the following findings: (1) exploring effective teaching modes and optimizing the teaching process of informatization; (2) positioning the roles of teachers and students correctly and recognizing the function of informationization; (3) creating effective scenarios to enhance the effect of informationized teaching. In the end, the study discusses the role of teachers in college English informationized teaching. Keywords—Informationized instructional design; College English teaching; Teaching modes


Growth performance of 120 fi sh fi ngerlings of Tilapia sparmanni stocked in three rectangular tanks was evaluated after feeding on three different formulated chicken feeds for eight weeks. Fish wet weights and lengths were measured after every two weeks, they indicated considerable increase.


4686 Background: Cancer patients (pts) on chemotherapy frequently receive concomitant medications (conmeds) for their coexisting illnesses. Some of these drugs, and/or the medical conditions for which they are prescribed, might influence the outcome of cancer treatment, in particular as some have been reported to have antineoplastic properties in preclinical models. Methods: We selected 14 different conmeds (eg, metformin, digoxin), taken by >20 men in the TAX327 study (N=1006), and analyzed their association with outcome measures including overall survival (OS), PSA response, pain response, and quality of life (QOL) response. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to test response rates, linear regression to test % PSA reduction, and adjusted for stratification by treatment group (D3W=docetaxel 3-weekly; D1W=docetaxel weekly; M=mitoxantrone). Comparative survival was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards; adjusted for treatment group, pain and performance status. The study is hypothesis-generating and ...


High quality and large-scale graphene are required for large-scale applications, especially flexible transparent conductive touch-screen panels. Chemical vapor deposition is so far the best method for the synthesis of high-quality graphene on the large scale. In this work, we synthesized multi-layer graphene on copper foils by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition from acetylene precursor at the flow rate of 20-40 mL/min and with reaction times from 10-30 minutes. Graphene on copper foils was then coated with PMMA and transferred by a wet chemical etching method. The transmittance and electrical properties of graphene on polymer were investigated. The Raman spectra of graphene synthesized with the acetylene flow rate of 30 mL/min for 10 minutes showed the characteristics of bi-layer graphene (I2D/IG = 1.6) with the lowest sheet resistance values (2.05 kΩ/sq) and the best transmittance (73 %).


Intact Streptococcus pneumoniae, expressing type 14 capsular polysaccharide (PPS14) and type 3 Streptococcus agalactiae containing a PPS14 core capsule identical to PPS14, exhibit non-covalent associations of PPS14 and bacterial proteins, in contrast to covalent conjugates. Secondary immunization with conjugate and S. agalactiae, although not S. pneumoniae, results in a boosted response. However, in contrast to conjugate, PPS14-specific IgG responses to bacteria lack affinity maturation and use the 44.1-idiotype. To better understand the mechanism underlying this dichotomy we developed a minimal model of intact bacteria utilizing 1μm latex particles to which PPS14 and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) were stably attached, but not directly linked, in contrast to PPS14-PspA conjugate. PPS14+[PspA] beads, similar to conjugate, induced in mice boosted PPS14-specific IgG secondary responses, dependent on T cells and ICOS-dependent costimulation, and in which priming could be achieved with PspA alone. In contrast to conjugate, but similar to bacteria, the primary PPS14-specific IgG response to PPS14+[PspA] beads peaked rapidly, with the secondary response highly enriched in 44.1-idiotype and lacking affinity maturation. These results demonstrate that non-covalent association in a particle, of polysaccharide and protein, recapitulates essential immunologic characteristics of intact bacteria that are distinct from soluble covalent conjugates of these respective antigens.


Abstract Psychologists consulting in long-term care settings face unique challenges in protecting the confidentiality of their clients. In multidisciplinary health service facilities, the psychologist typically provides direct therapy services to clients, while at the same time they coordinate their treatment efforts with numerous other health service providers. The psychologist must balance the confidentiality of their clients with their collaborative role as a member of a treatment team. This article will summarize confidentiality standards of various professional organizations, discuss the issues involved in these multiple roles, suggest guidelines that psychologists may use to resolve conflicts, and present brief scenarios that illustrate confidentiality dilemmas. Recommended practices include (1) informing clients at the initiation of services about communication procedures of the facility (e.g., progress notes, treatment team meetings); (2) obtaining agreements about what types of information will and will not be communicated in these forums, as well as what information patients want shared or protected from family members; (3) establishing a practice of providing general rather than specific information to staff; (4) adopting the "need to know" principle, i.e., restricting all communication to information that is essential to the facility's care and treatment of the patient.


The well known string solution to Bethe ansatz equations is shown to be inconsistent in its widely accepted form. A valid refinement demanding higher order corrections in subsequent roots is identified. A new alternative string solution is proposed for finite long chains, consistent with the non-Bethe strings observed earlier.


Importance Considering the current crisis phenomena, the contemporary loan pricing system gains special relevance in relation to the real sector of economy. The research focuses on affordability of long-term and short-term bank loans the national banks grant to the real sector. Objectives The research strives to devise methods for determining loan rates (short-term and long-term) that domestic profit-making entities may afford and banks concurrently may charge for their lending services to the real sector. Methods The methodological framework comprises general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, systems analysis, historical and logic analysis. Loan rates and return on corporate assets were compared using statistical methods, economic analysis and new strictly deterministic economic and mathematical models of return on various corporate capital types. Results We identify the principal weaknesses of the existing system of setting rates for loans granted to entities, other than small businesses, point out reasons for weaknesses, propose the methods for setting loan rates that would be affordable (critical) for entities and tolerable for banks. Conclusions and Relevance The proposed areas for improving loan pricing policies are deemed efficient and scientifically significant since, first, they correlate with the theory of economics and corporate finance and business practices; second, they mitigate credit risks banks are exposed to when providing loans to profit-making entities.


A retrospective study of the correlation between cytopathological and histopathological diagnoses of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions was done in 225 patients. Diagnostic discrepancies were reevaluated in order to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of the lesions. It was found that Pap smear was useful for detection of cervical lesions in early stage. Problem in diagnosis was found to associate with incorrectly identifi ed smears, unsatisfactory smears, infl ammatory reactions and human papilloma virus infection, Chiang Mai Med Bull 1991; 30:205-210,


ion, encapsulation, lazy evaluation, loaded symbols polymorphism in Smalltalk -you send the message print, and each receiver has its own version (implementation) of print: A message specifies which operation is designed, but not how that operation should be carried out (Goldberg & Robson, 1983) Goldberg, Adele E. & David Robson. Smalltalk-80: the language and its implementation. Addison Wesley, 1983. 39 Information and Communication Technologies 5. Language evolution origins (of underlying mechanisms) emergence (of specific features) evolution proper Vogt, Paul, Bart de Boer & Tony Belpaeme. "Modelling language origins and evolution", Tutorial, IJCAI 2005 (31 July 2005, Edinburgh, Scotland). evolution of communication grounding (relating language to the world) computational simulation, the emergence of compositionality 40 Information and Communication Technologies Examples of language evolution viuvar -> enviuvar conheco -> reconheco costumar-se -> acostumar-se amar hei-de -> amarei cases in Latin -> articles in Romance languages amara -> tinha amado buscar -> ir buscar jogar a -> jogar a amar a -> amar 41 Information and Communication Technologies Programming language evolution versioning deprecated syntax documentation compilers' warning messages upwards compatibility solving errors in previous versions different language paradigms (imperative, functional, ...) object orientation, extreme programming, ... Difference between language designers and speakers 42 Information and Communication Technologies Acquisition and learnability of language In order to learn language, one has to use it: thus the primacy of dialogue and of context Every generation learns it anew... In order to learn, one has to actively extend it and see whether the extensions are sanctioned or not by future dialogues (Sampson's little Popperian in Educating Eve) Vagueness is a tool to help learning: not more than necessary needs to be decided/conveyed in an interaction, things can be refined, if needed, in dialogue


Through a systematic investigation, we demonstrate that FeCoZr thin films deposited by gradient composition sputtering technique possess a unique magnetic thermal behavior, namely, the increase in magnetic anisotropy with temperature. Moreover, this gradient composition sputtering technique also offers a viable method to tailor the high-frequency magnetic properties as well as their thermal stability by changing deposition angle and deposition power. The unusual temperature dependence of magnetic anisotropy in such thin films can be interpreted in terms of stress-induced magnetic anisotropy arising from the composition gradient in the films.


The applications of graft copolymer of acrylamide onto starch in papermaking were reviewed in this paper,the research focus and development trend were discussed emphatically.


In this paper we describe the problem-solving constructs, namely information processing constructs, learning constructs, knowledge representation constructs and computational constructs for building complex symbolic-connectionist systems. These constructs are applicable in particular to complex diagnostic domains and in general to complex data intensive domains.<<ETX>>


Abstract Groundwater and nitrogen fertilizer overuse severely threatens crop productions; thus, current ecological agriculture requires low irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer inputs. The effects of combined reduced irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer addition on soil organism (e.g., mite) community and biodiversity remain poorly understood. We analyzed soil mite community composition, wheat grain yield, and soil characteristics in a 10‐year manipulation experiment with two levels of irrigation (reduced and conventional irrigation) and five nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha). Reduced irrigation (20% reduction, from 280 to 220 mm) and nitrogen fertilizer (25% reduction, from 280 to 210 kg N/ha) addition did not significantly influence soil mite community and wheat yield. The relative abundances of fungivores and predators showed negative quadratic relationships with wheat yield, while that of plant parasites showed a positive relationship. The relationships between soil mite trophic groups and wheat yield revealed that we can evaluate the impacts of reduced irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer addition from the perspective of soil fauna. Soil mite community composition was altered by soil abiotic factors prior to reduced irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer addition. Overall, moderate reductions of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer may not threaten to soil mite community and diversity or decrease crop production; in contrast, such reductions will benefit mite community development and the sustainable agriculture.


BACKGROUND
Oesophageal carcinoma is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and sixth most common cause of cancer related mortality. The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has rapidly risen over the past decades; however squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus remains the most common worldwide. The prevalence of oesophageal carcinoma is high in South Africa and contributes significantly to the burden of disease. The prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma is greater than that of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus but no recent local data is available. This study is Aimed at evaluating the cases of oesophageal carcinoma currently presenting to our institutions.

METHOD
This was a retrospective study of all the cases of oesophageal malignancy recorded on the NHLS database at CMJAH and CHBAH from 01 January 2001-31 December 2013. Demographic variables including age, gender and population group where noted were recorded.

RESULTS
The prevalence of oesophageal carcinoma in our two teaching hospitals was on a downward trend. There was a significant decrease noted in the SCC subtype. The AC subtype prevalence was on an upward trend. The change of prevalence of AC was determined using chi square analysis and showed a strong level of significance with p < 0.01.

CONCLUSION
This study shows trends in the prevalence of oesophageal carcinoma in keeping with that of western populations. Further reduction in the incidence of oesophageal carcinoma in South Africa will necessitate education and screening programs similar to those in western populations.


The main task in OFDM downlink scheduling design is to maximize some kind of utility considering user specific as well as system induced constraints. A typical example is the weighted sum rate maximization under a sum power constraint and possibly additional rate requirements. A major challenge is to incorporate the fact that in real systems the number of modulation depths and coding schemes is limited due to technical conditions. Thus, the scheduling problem results in a discrete optimization problem with non-differentiable non-convex objective. In this paper a new approach is presented that can deal with this kind of constraints in a general way. By transforming the discrete problem in a suitable weight matching problem an efficient algorithm which is easy to implement is devised. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated by simulations with parameters obtained from the recently proposed OFDM-HSDPA concept [1].


Let 2hn. The double-loop network D(n, h) is a directed graph with its node set }1,,1,0{-=nZnL and edge set :)(mod),mod1{nhiiniiE++=( }10-ni. Let rqhn+=where 11-hr, and rhrqhw/)/()1(+-=. In this paper, a routing algorithm is proposed for finding a shortest path from a source node to a destination node in D(n, h). The algorithm consists of at most two arithmetic operations and one comparison, and no other information about D(n, h) is stored beforehand in the source node except for q, h, r and w.


The present invention is Streptococcus pneumoniae In particular, the present invention relates the use of such vaccines to induce protective immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae


Received: 6 March 2019 Accepted: 28 May 2019 The operating range of compressors is usually limited by an unwanted phenomenon that is called, surge. Surge not only limits compressor performance and efficiency, but it can also damage the compressor, such as breaking impellers, oscillation and increasing temperature in compressor. This paper aims to present the application of nonlinear control methods and Lyapunov theory to prevent any surge conditions, in constant speed centrifugal compressors, based on the well-known Moore-Greitzer (MG) model. The only actuator in our system is a close-coupled valve (CCV). We propose a technique for designing nonlinear controllers according Lyapunov Law to avoid surge. In this paper, two controllers are designed and are applied to Moore-Greitzer model for a centrifugal compressor and compared both of them. Simulation results show these controllers can stabilize the instabilities due to surge phenomenon and effectiveness of proposed controllers. The findings of this research may serve as systems that utilizing centrifugal compressors in power generation plants.


The aim of this article is to analyze Graciela Huinao's novel Desde el fogon de una casa de putas williche (2010) from an intersectional prism of gender, class, ethnicity and race. In this work a mapuche brothel is presented in a border territory between the wingka and the mapuche world, in this space the women are in charge of the administration, generating a place of relative autonomy in the middle of the state and wingka violence that meant the occupation of their territories. Our hypothesis of reading is that this work can be read in the context of a patriarchal junction, between the Mapuche patriarchy and the wingka. The junction consolidates, through violence a 'heterowingka patriarchy of salary', against which, the brothel is established as a space for opposition and subversion that disjoint the wingka and mapuche patriarchal logic.


The results of field study conducted at School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur, U.P., India during 2016-2017 evaluated the Performance of marigold var. Pusa Basanti Gainda to various manures and fertilizers levels. The productivity and quality of flowers is greatly influenced by the quantity and source of nutrients. The experiment were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and eight treatment combinations comprised of organic manure (Vermicompost) and NP fertilizers. Application of vermicompost, phosphorus and nitrogen conjointly at a recommended dose of 5000, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 respectively, was most effective in enhancing the vegetative growth parameters, such as plant height, number of branches, plant spread, as well as flower yield parameters viz. number of flowers, flower circumference, plant height, fresh weight of flowers, flower yield, flowering duration, number of leave and branches per plant etc as compared to that of control samples. Thus, use of inorganic fertilizers in combination with organic manures resulted in excellent vegetative growth and flower yield attributes in African marigold. Mr. Vikas Kumar, Assistant Professor School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Shobhit University Gangoh Saharanpur Saharanpur, U.P., India, email@example.com Mr. Ravi Shankar, Assistant Professor Baba Banda Singh Bhadur Engineering College Punjab, India, Mr. Amit Kumar, Assistant Professor School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Shobhit University Gangoh Saharanpur Saharanpur, U.P., India, firstname.lastname@example.com Mr. Ashish Upadhyay, Assistant Professor School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Shobhit University Gangoh Saharanpur Saharanpur, U.P., India, firstname.lastname@example.com Ms Sonali Gangvar, Assistant Professor Centre for Biological Engineering Shobhit University Gangoh Saharanpur Saharanpur, U.P., India, email@example.com Vikas Kumar et al, International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol.6 Issue.4, April2019, pg. 1-5 ISSN: 2348-1358 Impact Factor: 6.057 NAAS Rating: 3.77 © 2019, IJAAST All Rights Reserved, www.ijaast.com 2 Introduction African marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn.) native of central and south America and belong to the family compositeae, and one of the commercially exploited flower crop, has a versatile use in decoration, landscaping, industries and medicinal sector. It is suitable for potted plants, bedding, edging, garland making, religious offerings and also for making different products. It has important role in preparation of garlands, bouquets and for floral decoration at the time of marriages and other ceremonies. In India, marigold occupies an area of 55.89 thousand hectare with the production of 511.31 thousand MT and Rajasthan, occupies an area of 1079 hectare with the production of 1039 tonnes ( Anonymous 2013-14). Besides having ornamental, medicinal, industrial uses, it has additional use in controlling the soil nematodes. All varieties of marigold are resistant to Meloidogyne incognita and can be used for control of Meloidogyne incognita in highly infected areas (Warden and Windrich, 1974). Phosphorus is also a major nutrient required by the crops. It is indispensable constituent of nucleic acid, phospholipids and several enzymes. The most essential function of phosphorus in a plant is energy storage and transfer for proper metabolism. A good supply of phosphorus is associated with increased root growth and early maturity of crop besides disease resistance in plants (Tisdale et al., 1995). About 98 per cent soil of cultivated area in India need phosphorus fertilization for good harvest (Luthra et al., 1983). Application of phosphorus not only increases the crop yield but also improves the quality. These products are helpful in minimizing the environmental hazards and increase of Soil fertility. Vermicompost is an excellent soil conditioning agent. Incorporation of vermicompost in soil improves the texture, structure, permeability and water holding Capacity of soil. Materials and Methods The field experiment conducted at School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences in Shobhit University Gangoh Saharanpur U.P. in India during 2016-2017 to evaluate the performance of marigold var Pusa Basanti Gainda to Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Vermicompost on growth and flower yield. The experimental soil was sandy loamy having low available with neutral. The experiment laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Eight treatments consisted of vermicompost@5t/ha, nitrogen @120 kg/ha, and phosphorus 80 kg/ha were compared with control plot (lal singh et al., 2015). Seeds were sown in the month of January February and transplanted in main field February march on each plot size was 1.2 m x 1.2 m with a spacing of 40x30 cm (Gaurav Sharma et. al 2016 and G. S. Saini et. Al). Observations were recorded on growth and yield characters with the help of meter scale and vernier callipers and top balance respectively. The different organic manure and fertilizer treatments tried were the field experiment conducted at School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences in Shobhit University Gangoh Saharanpur (U.P) India; during 2017-2018 to find out the performance of marigold T1 No manure control T2 Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 T3 Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 T4 Phosphorus 80 kg ha-1 T5 Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 T6 Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Phosphorus @ 80 kg ha-1 Vikas Kumar et al, International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol.6 Issue.4, April2019, pg. 1-5 ISSN: 2348-1358 Impact Factor: 6.057 NAAS Rating: 3.77 © 2019, IJAAST All Rights Reserved, www.ijaast.com 3 T7 Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1+ Phosphorus @ 80 kg ha-1 T8 Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 + Phosphorus @ 80 kg ha-1+ Nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 Results and Discussion


Sugarcane Contract Farming (CF) has been mentioned to be an important practice and an engine for improving livelihoods among farmers in Africa. However, in Tanzania there has been limited research on explaining the impact of sugarcane contract farming arrangements on smallholder farmers' livelihood outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to determine the impact of sugarcane CF arrangements on smallholder farmers' livelihood outcomes. The specific objectives of the study (from which this paper is based) were to: (i) identify CF arrangements experienced by smallholder farmers, (ii) measure levels of livelihood outcomes, and (iii) determine the impact of CF arrangements on smallholder farmers' livelihood outcomes. Data were collected from 300 sugarcane outgrowers in February and March 2014 in Kilombero Valley using a structured questionnaire and an interview guide used for interviews with 14 key informants. Data were analysed descriptively and inferentially whereby the multiple (linear) regression model was used to determine the impact of some CF arrangement' variables on farmers' livelihood outcomes. The findings indicated that CF arrangements, variables such as price negotiations made by farmers' association leaders, sugarcane harvesting arrangements, loans or goods by farmers and the payments follow up made by farmers' association leaders for the sugarcane sold; expose smallholder farmers to higher risks of low livelihood outcomes. It is recommended that the Sugar Board of Tanzania and farmers' associations should make sure that the few CF arrangements which negatively affected farmers' livelihood outcomes are addressed timely. It is recommended that contractual supports provided by sugarcane farmers' associations should increase farmers' association leaders' ability to negotiate for better prices of their sugarcane outputs.


The present invention provides a rack-type power supply device and a battery pack including detachable connector. The rack-type power supply device by a plurality of battery pack (1) is detachably mounted on the frame body (2) is made. The battery pack (1), a plurality of unit cells by a battery (11) composed of (10) is housed in an outer casing (12), the back surface of the outer casing (12) is exposed on the positive and negative output terminal (13) . The frame body (2) includes a housing accommodating a plurality of spaces (20) of each battery pack (1), the inner surface of each storage space (20), i.e., the output terminal (13) facing opposing surface (22 a), provided with an output terminal (13) fitted to an input terminal electrically connected to the contact state (23). The frame body (2) on the back side of the opposed surface (22) of the input terminal (23) to connect the wiring predetermined state. State of the rack type power supply device, the battery pack (1) is guided into the frame body (2) of the housing space (20) and the output terminal (13) and the input terminal (23) connected to the plurality the battery pack (1) is connected to a predetermined connection state. Thus, a plurality of battery pack housed in a fixed position of the rack body, and a plurality of connection efficiency of a battery pack and safely.


This paper analyzes of the churches' reactions to the 1982 Faith and Order convergence document Baptism, Eucharist, Ministry (BEM), and examines the issues behind those reactions with regard to baptism as a basis for church unity. While responses to the BEM section on baptism revealed considerable convergence on the nature of baptism and its significance as a basis for church unity, two series of problems became evident. One major difference appeared between pœdobaptist churches (those which baptize people of any age, including children), and baptist churches (those which only baptize persons who can themselves confess their faith). BEM treated this as a question of practice: two variants of a single baptism. It failed to take sufficient account of the different understandings of the nature of baptism and of the nature of the confession offaith required for baptism. A second series of problems arises from the reluctance of Orthodox churches to recognize baptism administered outside their boundaries. These two clusters of problems remain, both of them involving the understanding of the ecclesiological dimension of baptism.


A shadowy francophone organisation, the Mouvement de Libération du Québec, has blacklisted 22 companies it considers pro-English. Anonymous letters carrying a picture of an armed French revolutionary have been sent to some senior anglophone businessmen. A second list, of 'enemies of the people', include the leaders of the anglophone Equality Party ( The Times, April 17 1996)


Our approach was to:  Develop an inventory of spatial data catalogs to investigate  Develop questions to use as we investigate each catalog  Review websites identified in the inventory, answering as many questions as possible  Review our findings and decide which spatial data catalog managers to interview  Conduct interviews of selected spatial data catalogs  Compile information and provide recommendations to the GeoTech Committee


Several negative environmental issues are attributed to the activities of the construction industry (CI) globally with South Africa as no exception. Hence, the introduction of sustainability concepts in other to address these challenges which continually threaten the health and existence of both the human and natural environment. Green building (GB) as a sustainable concept aims to address the social and economic concerns and not only the environmental issues in the built environment. The paper, therefore, evaluates the beneficial factors and ways of promoting the implementation of GB projects in South Africa. The study employs a structured questionnaire survey as an instrument for data collection. The study gathered data from construction professionals (architects, civil engineers, quantity surveyors, project managers, construction managers, and construction project managers) who are sustainability proponents. A quantitative approach to data analysis was utilised using percentage, standard deviation, and mean item score. From the data analysed, the results revealed improved indoor air quality, ecosystem protection, increased energy efficiency, enhanced health and well-being of occupants, and minimised CO2 emissions as the top five benefits of GB projects implementation. Availability of more financing options, improved market for green products/materials, education and training on GB technologies, provision of economic incentives, and affordability of GB materials are identified as the top drivers of GB projects implementation. The findings from this study will help create awareness and encourage the adoption and implementation of GB projects which in turn has the potential to combat the severe environmental challenges caused by the activities of the CI.


This research discuss the initial efforts to build an anthropometric database for
Malaysian population as a guide and reference on designing the furniture school for
manufacturer beside that reducing the rate of musculoskeletal problem of the student
school. For research title 'Development of Anthropometry Database for Malaysian
Population'. Here, the problem statements and objectives thus research have been
identified. Beside that, scope, importance of the study along with the online of the study
have been reviewed and discussed. For the literature review information in reference
books and internet, and from journal for histories, definitions, terminology and
measuring conventions, measurement techniques. Data anthropometric surveys have
been conducted and published on various populations, especially to primary school
student. The results of the research carried out on the data collection by 25 part body.
Then, to transfer the data collection to SPSS software for analyzed the result The
statistical variables such as percentiles mean and standard variation are used to present
and describe the data.


Seismic formation velocity is one of important parameters for formation pressure prediction,its precision affect the accuracy of the pressure prediction defectively.Using the wave impedance inversion method conditioned to well logging,the well logging data,seismic data and geologic interpretation were incorporated to obtain the better precision seismic formation velocity for the purpose of improving the precision of formation pressure prediction.This paper introduced how to make synthetic seismogram,how to built initial geological model,how to inverse using the software of STRATA and the procedures of obtaining the velocity profile through time and depth conversion.The formation pressure detection-prediction software was used to read velocity in the velocity profile,and the corresponding formation pressure was calculated combined with the single point pressure prediction model.The application results indicate that the combination of the geophysical inversion method and the formation pressure prediction model is feasible and the obtained formation pressure profile can guide the drilling design.


The increased number of tax violations, in particular, those related to payment and calculation of the personal income tax in Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the PIT), as well as complication of the forms and ways of commitment of such violations justify the necessity of the detailed study and improvement of the theoretical and methodological bases of the judicial and economic expertise (hereinafter reffered to as the JEE). Besides, lack of the JEE methods of calculation connected with the PIT among the methods of JEE which were attested and recommended for further use in the JEE Register justifies topicality and timeliness of this analysis. The purpose of this article is justification of the JEE theoretical and methodological aspects of calculation connected with the PIT. The following research methods have been used in the article: the induction and deduction methods, the analysis and synthesis methods, the abstract and logical methods as well as the cause-and-effect connection method. The findings of the research include clarification of the definition of the term "JEE methods"; justification of JEE subjects of calculation connected with the PIT; determination of the particularities of the JEE method of calculation connected with the PIT; development of a JEE general algorithm of calculation connected with the PIT. They also include algorithms of the followings techniques of documentary control in the course of the JEE: formal, arithmetic and counter technique for examination of documents related to calculation connected with the PIT. The research findings shall assist in the further development and improvement of the JEE theoretical and methodological bases, reduction of time necessary for doing it, complete and comprehensive research on the actual circumstances of cases. They aim at creating a possibility to increase of authenticity of judicial experts' conclusions. It is worth to focus the subsequent developments on the consideration of theoretical and methodological aspects such as: the use of other methods of documentary control in the course of JEE calculation connected with the PIT, the use of calculation and analytical methods and forming a procedure for implementation of these methods in the cases related to the confirmation of correctness of the PIT accrual (payment), confirmation of the amount of the accrued profits (PIT taxable amount) not only for employees (in relation to the income earned (accrued) as a salary), but also for other categories of taxpayers.


The Isua supracrustal belt (ISB) is the best preserved record of mafic and ultramafic early Archean (3.7-~3.8 Ga) rocks on Earth. The central part of the ISB consists of high Mg metabasalts, also refered as Garbenschiefer unit. This unit is thought to represent Archean analogues of modern boninites [1]. The unit has been metamorphosed up to amphibolite facies conditions, where the Sm-Nd isotope system was partly resetted [2]. A possible disturbance of the Lu/Hf isotope system in Isua rocks has also been strongly debated in the past. In this study, we used a well characterised suite of samples from the Garbenschiefer unit [2, 3] to determine the range of initial εHf(t) values. An age of 3.75 Ga, inferred from [4], was assumed for the calculation of the initial Hf values. To evaluate different sample digestion techniques, the samples were digested employing both Li2B4O7 flux fusion and HF-HNO3-HClO4 digestion in Parr bombs at 180°C for 45 days, respectively. Accurate Lu-Hf values for Garbenschiefer metabasalts could only be obtained with the flux fusion techniques that resulted in initial εHf(t) values ranging from +3.8 to +7.9. Bomb digestion is not a suitable tool to dissolve all phases, yielding much more unradiogenic initial Hf isotope ratios in most cases. Initial εHf(t) values of up to +7.9 and high Lu/Hf of ~0.3 to ~0.6 for the Garbenschiefer metabasalts require a highly depleted mantle source with a long term depletion history in the garnet stability field. Tholeiitic metabasalts.from the same unit were generated from a different mantle source, displaying near chondritic initial εHf values (-0.6 to +0.6) and lower Lu/Hf [4], thus reflecting strongly heterogeneous mantle sources for early Archean rocks from Greenland. Collecetively, our results provide the first firm Hf isotope evidence from mafic Archean rocks for the persistence of depleted Hadean mantle reservoirs into the early Archean.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to document the food-related environmental beliefs and behaviours of undergraduate university students. More specifically, this research was focussed on determining if environmental sustainability is a consideration in students' food choices, identifying the specific choices and behaviours adopted to reduce their food-related environmental footprint, and documenting the role of gender and pro-environmental values in these food-related environmental beliefs and behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – This research employed a mixed methods approach, i.e. focus group discussions and a survey, to document the food-related environmental beliefs and behaviours of undergraduate university students. The survey was informed by the results of the focus group discussions, and included standard measures of pro-environmental values and worldview. Findings – Results from focus group discussions revealed a broad array of beliefs and behaviours related to the connection between f...


Recognizing high magnitude or extreme floods in the sedimentary record is important if estimates of their geomorphic and sedimentary significance over long time scales (i.e. 10 2 -10 3 years) are to be made. Standard regime or palaeocompetence based palaeohydraulic approaches present one set of solutions to this problem. An alternative is to examine the sedimentary record to determine the dominant depositional processes in any particular environment. Specifically, it is important to assess the role of high magnitude floods within the sedimentary record. This paper presents a set of criteria, based on flow rheology, sediment structures, clast orientation and sediment architecture and geometry, which are designed to critically determine the magnitude-frequency regime of fluvial sediments. The criteria were derived from literature on the sedimentary impact of high magnitude floods and from fieldwork in southeast Iceland.


Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness, in order to speed reduction, of three traffic calming measures: 1) speed table, 2) chicane, 3) road narrowing. Prior Work: Many researches show the effectiveness in reducing the speed of the traffic calming measures. To this effect, field measurements were made on street sections with different traffic calming measures. In addition, driving simulators and microsimulation-based technique are used. Approach: The speed analyses regard a series of traffic calming measures located in Italian urban contexts. In order to study the variation of the cinematic characteristics of the vehicles, have been chosen various speed measurement sections. Subsequently, the following were calculated: 1) the average speed on all the sections; 2) the 85 percentile speed. Results: The presence of traffic calming measures analyzed in this study results in a significant reduction in speeds. This reduction occurs within the following ranges: 40-50% for speed tables, 40-50% for chicane and 35-40% for road narrowing. Value: It has been demonstrated the concrete possibility of "forcing" drivers to reduce speed. If the traffic calming measures were implemented systematically in urban areas, it could be obtained, with little investments, a result of great importance for the road safety.


: In this project we have made fly ash cement bricks with variations in its percentage of composition. The project describes the use of local fly ash in construction industry in a way to minimize the industrial waste. The aim of this project is to find that percentage of composition by weight of fly ash cement brick which will provide it better strength without much increase in the percentage of cement. We have made five types of fly ash cement bricks. In three types sand percentage is taken as 30%, while percentages of fly ash and cement have being changed by 5%. And in others percentage of fly ash is taken 60% with sand and cement having variation in their percentage by weight of the brick. The fly ash used is taken from the NTPC, sipat (C.G.). Using fly ash gives technical and economical advantage. As Fly ash is pozzolanic in nature, it increases the strength of the brick and it is a waste material of thermal power plant so using it in making the brick reduces the cost of the brick. Sand used has larger size particles compare to fly ash, it reduce the shrinkage of brick, providing volume stability. Cement is used as the binding material to bind the sand and fly ash together. In the compressive strength test performed, the strength of TYPE3 (55% fly ash, 30% sand and 15% cement) brick was 4.405 N/mm 2 , which was the highest, followed by TYPE5 (60% fly ash, 25% sand and 15% cement) brick with strength 3.926 N/mm 2 . In this project all the types of brick have got percentage water absorption less than 15%, which is acceptable as per IS:3495.


Increasingly, city trees are viewed as a best management practice to control stormwater, an urban-heat-island mitigation measure for cleaner air, a CO 2 -redutlion option to offset emissions, and an alternative to costly new electric power plants. Measuring benefits that accrue from the community forest is the first step to altering forest structure in ways that will enhance future benefits. This article describes the structure, function, and value of street and park tree populations in Fort Collins, Colorado; Cheyenne, Wyoming; Bismarck, North Dakota; Berkeley, California; and Glendale, Arizona. Although these cities spent $13-65 annually per tree, benefits ranged from $31 to $89 per tree. For every dollar invested in management, benefits returned annually ranged from S1.37 to S3.09. Strategies each city can take to increase net benefits are presented.


The goals of this research are to determine the differences in the personality traits, psychological skills and optimism among handball players in different age groups (1) and to determine the correlations between these characteristics (2). The research was conducted on a sample of 78 subjects, members of one handball team (Prvo plinarsko drustvo Zagreb), in the beginning of 2015. In this study, three instruments from the battery Multidimensional Scale of Sports' Psychological Talents (MSSPT) are used for the first time. The results show that no differences are found between age groups of handball players in optimism and personality traits. The oldest age group (age of 18) have the experience that they are the best mentally prepared. The youngest handball players (age of 12) have the experience that they are the most motivated, confident and concentrated. Motivation is the skill with highest associated with other psychological skills. However, the Scale of the Future and Psychological Skills Scale show satisfactory reliability (except the subscale Team emphasis). Big Five Modified Inventory-10 in all subscales showed unsatisfactory reliability, so have to be improved in future studies.


Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts from waters is the first step for the evaluation of the risk of waterborne cryptosporidiosis for human. Viability of oocysts isolated from waters must be evaluated to estimate a real risk of waterborne outbreaks. Using polypropylene cartridge filters and the capsule filters (Gelman, Michigan, USA) of the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) 1622 filtration method, local environmental waters and distribution waters from the city of Rouen, France were filtered respectively following by immunomagnetic separation (IMS). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the concentrated water samples by IFA (immunofluorescence assay). The densities of oocysts were 0.12~2.7 oocysts per liter for the environmental waters and 0.03~0.06 oocysts per liter for the distribution waters. Infectivity of the obtained oocysts was evaluated by a neonatal mice model. Results proved the wide distributions of Cryptosporidum oocysts in the environment especially in waters, and indicated that not only detection of oocysts from waters but also viability of oocysts should be considered for the evaluation of the risk of waterborne human cryptosporidiosis. Tab 1, Ref 22


Complex permittivity measurement of medium loss liquids with low sample volume determined in the discrete microwave (6.50 <v/GHz <10) frequency region using partially filled half mode corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (PFHMCSIW) structures. The ANSYS high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) is used to simulate the test structure mechanism. The transmission as well as reflection parameters are considered to evaluate the complex permittivity of the samples. The obtained permittivity data values are compared with the Open-ended coaxial probe technique data. The merits and demerits of both measurement techniques are discussed.


LY2963016 (LY IGlar) and Lantus (IGlar) are insulin glargine products with identical amino acid sequences. This was a phase 1 single‐site, randomized, subject‐ and investigator‐blinded, 4‐treatment, 4‐period crossover study to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of LY IGlar and IGlar at 2 different doses. Fasted healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive 2 single doses of LY IGlar and IGlar (0.3 and 0.6 U/kg for each product). Blood samples were collected up to 24 hours postdose to assess PK, and a euglycemic clamp lasting up to 24 hours postdose was conducted to assess PD. Twenty‐four healthy subjects aged 23 to 52 years participated in the study. The primary PK parameters (area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to 24 hours [AUC0–24] and maximum observed drug concentration [Cmax]) and PD parameters (total amount of glucose infused during the clamp [Gtot] and maximum glucose infusion rate [Rmax]) were not statistically different between LY IGlar and IGlar at either dose. No safety concerns were noted with either drug. The study demonstrated that the PK and PD parameters for LY IGlar and IGlar were comparable following single doses at both 0.3 and 0.6 U/kg.


Several socio-economic mutations and technological breakthrough innovations are currently modifying the competitive environment and the functioning of today's economies. Referring to the right versus left political spectrum prevailing in democratic countries, most political parties would probably agree on these constitutive principles, even if their implementation in the real political life can be very different.


In this study, micromorphology of an involucral bract and inner and outer
 dimorphic cypselae of the relict Amphoricarpos elegans, endemic from western
 Caucasus, is examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and
 presented here for the first time. The middle involucral bract is nearly
 glabrous, with a reticulate-rugulose surface and an oblong-obtusate mucro.
 Both cypselae exhibit similar features, viz., narrowly oblong-cylindrical or
 obovate shape with more or less conspicuous longitudinal ribs, an adaxial
 detachment area, an asymmetrical carpopodium, absence of a pericarp crown
 and a barbate-aristate pappus made up of narrow, subulate, basally smooth
 and apically barbate bristles. However, some differences are evident. The
 outer cypsela is glabrescent and flattened, with an obscure outline of
 epidermal cells lacking an end wall and with a sunken periclinal surface and
 striatereticulate structure. Also, the outer cypsela has two entire, narrow,
 lateral wings, rounded above; and less numerous pappus bristles in one row.
 In contrast to this, the inner cypsela has a distinct outline of the
 epidermal cells, which are rod-shaped with a short acute end wall, a swollen
 periclinal surface and reticulate structure. The pappus of the inner cypsela
 possesses many more bristles organised in two rows (a biseriate pappus).
 Also, slightly pentagonal or round nectary remnants are found in the centre
 of the upper part of the inner cypsela. The taxonomic value of the analysed
 characters is briefly discussed.


Article 5 Qanun No. 13 of 2003 onGambling (Gambling) states "Everyperson prohibited from gamblingact". Furthermore, in the explanationof Qanun No. 13 of 2003 states thatthe prohibition of gambling Qanunareintendedtopreemptive,preventive, and at its optimum levelRemedium as repressive effortsthrough the imposition of 'uqubat inthe form of' uqubat ta'zir which canbe either 'uqubat whip and' uqubatfines (gharamah). Syari'yah Court inthe Province of Aceh is a special courtin the religious courts throughout thejudicial authority regarding theauthority of religion and is a specialcourt in general courts throughoutthe judicial authority of the publicauthority concerned.Keywords : Ekseksekusi, Maisir, Mahkamah Syar'iyah.


The riots of 2011 arguably represent the most significant civil disorder on mainland Britain in at least a generation. Over four days there were five deaths, injuries to dozens of police officers and civilians, and damage to property running into the tens of millions of pounds. Commentators writing in the aftermath of the riots have pointed both to what are taken to be unusual aspects of the 2011 disorders – the role of gangs, the nature and extent of looting, the and use of social media among others – as well as some of the parallels with previous riots. In placing the 2011 riots in their recent historical context this article outlines a model for structuring comparative analysis of disorder and then moves on to consider some of the similarities between 2011 and riots in the post-war period, concluding by identifying four significant points of departure.


Objective To investigate the effects of composition of reverse micelle systems on the activity of cholesterol esterase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of vitamin E acetate (VEA) in reverse micelle systems.Methods Cholesterol esterase was incorporated into reverse micelles in different organic solvents with surfactants lecithin and Triton X-100 and water to catalyze the hydrolysis of VEA which was dissolved into the oil phase of the reverse micelle solutions.The yield of α-tocopherol which was the hydrolysis product of VEA in various reaction systems was determined by HPLC.Results Organic solvent,water content,surfactant,co-surfactant,and their ratio have great influence on the catalysis activity of the enzyme in reverse micelle systems.Conclusions The reversed micelle system that consists of 14 mmol·L -1 lecithin and 6 mmol·L -1 cholesterol-cyclohexane is optimal reactive medium for the hydrolysis of vitamin E acetate catalyzed by cholesterol esterase in the systems investigated here.